Atrophy
Muscular Atrophy
Optic Atrophy
Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal
A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)
Multiple System Atrophy
A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)
Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood
A group of recessively inherited diseases that feature progressive muscular atrophy and hypotonia. They are classified as type I (Werdnig-Hoffman disease), type II (intermediate form), and type III (Kugelberg-Welander disease). Type I is fatal in infancy, type II has a late infantile onset and is associated with survival into the second or third decade. Type III has its onset in childhood, and is slowly progressive. (J Med Genet 1996 Apr:33(4):281-3)
Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies
A group of inherited and sporadic disorders which share progressive ataxia in combination with atrophy of the CEREBELLUM; PONS; and inferior olivary nuclei. Additional clinical features may include MUSCLE RIGIDITY; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; RETINAL DEGENERATION; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; DEMENTIA; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and OPHTHALMOPLEGIA. The familial form has an earlier onset (second decade) and may feature spinal cord atrophy. The sporadic form tends to present in the fifth or sixth decade, and is considered a clinical subtype of MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1085)
Gyrate Atrophy
Geographic Atrophy
Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein
A SMN complex protein that is essential for the function of the SMN protein complex. In humans the protein is encoded by a single gene found near the inversion telomere of a large inverted region of CHROMOSOME 5. Mutations in the gene coding for survival of motor neuron 1 protein may result in SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD.
Muscular Disorders, Atrophic
Disorders characterized by an abnormal reduction in muscle volume due to a decrease in the size or number of muscle fibers. Atrophy may result from diseases intrinsic to muscle tissue (e.g., MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY) or secondary to PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES that impair innervation to muscle tissue (e.g., MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Optic Atrophy, Autosomal Dominant
Dominant optic atrophy is a hereditary optic neuropathy causing decreased visual acuity, color vision deficits, a centrocecal scotoma, and optic nerve pallor (Hum. Genet. 1998; 102: 79-86). Mutations leading to this condition have been mapped to the OPA1 gene at chromosome 3q28-q29. OPA1 codes for a dynamin-related GTPase that localizes to mitochondria.
SMN Complex Proteins
A complex of proteins that assemble the SNRNP CORE PROTEINS into a core structure that surrounds a highly conserved RNA sequence found in SMALL NUCLEAR RNA. They are found localized in the GEMINI OF COILED BODIES and in the CYTOPLASM. The SMN complex is named after the Survival of Motor Neuron Complex Protein 1, which is a critical component of the complex.
Survival of Motor Neuron 2 Protein
Hindlimb Suspension
Muscle, Skeletal
Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Gastritis, Atrophic
SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases
Optic Atrophies, Hereditary
Cerebellar Ataxia
Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive
A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)
Muscle Proteins
Facial Hemiatrophy
Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase
Shy-Drager Syndrome
A progressive neurodegenerative condition of the central and autonomic nervous systems characterized by atrophy of the preganglionic lateral horn neurons of the thoracic spinal cord. This disease is generally considered a clinical variant of MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY. Affected individuals present in the fifth or sixth decade with ORTHOSTASIS and bladder dysfunction; and later develop FECAL INCONTINENCE; anhidrosis; ATAXIA; IMPOTENCE; and alterations of tone suggestive of basal ganglia dysfunction. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p536)
Muscle Fibers, Skeletal
Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.
Cognition Disorders
Disease Models, Animal
Spinocerebellar Degenerations
Disease Progression
Temporal Lobe
Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein
Pepsinogen A
Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive
A heterogeneous group of primarily familial disorders characterized by myoclonic seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, ataxia, progressive intellectual deterioration, and neuronal degeneration. These include LAFORA DISEASE; MERRF SYNDROME; NEURONAL CEROID-LIPOFUSCINOSIS; sialidosis (see MUCOLIPIDOSES), and UNVERRICHT-LUNDBORG SYNDROME.
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.
Immobilization
Aging
Brain Diseases
Macular Degeneration
Fundus Oculi
Myostatin
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Cerebellar Diseases
Hippocampus
A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.
Pedigree
Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein
Anterior Horn Cells
Fluorescein Angiography
Celiac Disease
Pepsinogen C
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Frontotemporal Dementia
Cerebral Cortex
Choroid
Biopsy
Muscle Weakness
A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)
Cerebellum
The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.
Mild Cognitive Impairment
Motor Neuron Disease
Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)
Mice, Transgenic
Cerebral Ventricles
RNA-Binding Proteins
Helicobacter pylori
A spiral bacterium active as a human gastric pathogen. It is a gram-negative, urease-positive, curved or slightly spiral organism initially isolated in 1982 from patients with lesions of gastritis or peptic ulcers in Western Australia. Helicobacter pylori was originally classified in the genus CAMPYLOBACTER, but RNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, growth patterns, and other taxonomic characteristics indicate that the micro-organism should be included in the genus HELICOBACTER. It has been officially transferred to Helicobacter gen. nov. (see Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989 Oct;39(4):297-405).
Gastric Mucosa
Lining of the STOMACH, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. The surface cells produce MUCUS that protects the stomach from attack by digestive acid and enzymes. When the epithelium invaginates into the LAMINA PROPRIA at various region of the stomach (CARDIA; GASTRIC FUNDUS; and PYLORUS), different tubular gastric glands are formed. These glands consist of cells that secrete mucus, enzymes, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, or hormones.
Indirect evidence for cholinergic inhibition of intestinal bicarbonate absorption in humans. (1/3164)
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that in the fasting state, proximal intestinal HCO3- absorption, which depends on villus Na+/H+ exchanger activity, is tonically inhibited by a cholinergic atropine sensitive mechanism. SUBJECTS: The experiments were performed in 34 healthy volunteers and in eight patients with intestinal villus atrophy. METHODS: HCO3- absorption was measured with a modified triple lumen perfusion technique in the distal duodenum, the most proximal portion of the small intestine. The study was designed to compensate for the inhibitory effects of atropine on intestinal motor activity. RESULTS: Atropine had three effects on HCO3- transport: it reduced HCO3- concentration at the proximal aspiration site, it displaced the relation between HCO3- concentration and HCO3- absorption to the left, and it induced a significant acidification of the perfusate at the distal aspiration site. The magnitude of the stimulatory effect on HCO3- absorption was similar to the difference between patients with intestinal villus atrophy and healthy controls. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that, in the fasting state, duodenal HCO3- absorption, which depends on villus Na+/H+ exchanger activity, may be tonically inhibited by an atropine sensitive cholinergic mechanism. (+info)Proteinuria induces tubular cell turnover: A potential mechanism for tubular atrophy. (2/3164)
BACKGROUND: Proteinuria and tubular atrophy have both been closely linked with progressive renal failure. We hypothesized that apoptosis may be induced by tubular cell exposure to heavy proteinuria, potentially leading to tubular atrophy. Apoptosis was studied in a rat model of "pure" proteinuria, which does not induce renal impairment, namely protein-overload proteinuria. METHODS: Adult female Lewis rats underwent intraperitoneal injection of 2 g of bovine serum albumin (BSA, N = 16) or sham saline injections (controls, N = 8) daily for seven days. Apoptosis was assessed at day 7 in tissue sections using in situ end labeling (ISEL) and electron microscopy. ISEL-positive nuclei (apoptotic particles) were counted in blinded fashion using image analysis with NIH Image. Cell proliferation was assessed by detection of mRNA for histone by in situ hybridization, followed by counting of positive cells using NIH Image. RESULTS: Animals injected with saline showed very low levels of apoptosis on image analysis. BSA-injected rats had heavy proteinuria and showed both cortical and medullary apoptosis on ISEL. This was predominantly seen in the tubules and, to a lesser extent, in the interstitial compartment. Overall, the animals injected with BSA showed a significant 30-fold increase in the number of cortical apoptotic particles. Electron microscopy of tubular cells in a BSA-injected animal showed a progression of ultrastructural changes consistent with tubular cell apoptosis. The BSA-injected animals also displayed a significant increase in proximal tubular cell proliferation. This increased proliferation was less marked than the degree of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Protein-overload proteinuria in rats induces tubular cell apoptosis. This effect is only partially balanced by proliferation and potentially provides a direct mechanism whereby heavy proteinuria can induce tubular atrophy and progressive renal failure. (+info)Computerised tomography and intellectual impairment in the elderly. (3/3164)
Sixty-six elderly subjects (mean age 77 years) whose mental state was assessed clinically and by simple psychometric tests have been studied by computerised tomography. The mean maximum ventricular area in the 17 mentally normal subjects was above the upper limit of normal for younger subjects, and there was a broad relationship between increasing ventricular dilatation and increasing intellectual impairment. No such clear relationship was demonstrable for measures of cortical atrophy. (+info)Computerised axial tomography in patients with severe migraine: a preliminary report. (4/3164)
Patients suffering from severe migraine, usually for many years, have been examined by the EMI scanner between attacks. Judged by criteria validated originally by comparison with pneumoencephalography, about half of the patients showed evidence of cerebral atrophy. Perhaps of more significance than generalised atrophy was the frequency of areas of focal atrophy and of evidence of infarction. (+info)Increased neurodegeneration during ageing in mice lacking high-affinity nicotine receptors. (5/3164)
We have examined neuroanatomical, biochemical and endocrine parameters and spatial learning in mice lacking the beta2 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) during ageing. Aged beta2(-/-) mutant mice showed region-specific alterations in cortical regions, including neocortical hypotrophy, loss of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, astro- and microgliosis and elevation of serum corticosterone levels. Whereas adult mutant and control animals performed well in the Morris maze, 22- to 24-month-old beta2(-/-) mice were significantly impaired in spatial learning. These data show that beta2 subunit-containing nAChRs can contribute to both neuronal survival and maintenance of cognitive performance during ageing. beta2(-/-) mice may thus serve as one possible animal model for some of the cognitive deficits and degenerative processes which take place during physiological ageing and in Alzheimer's disease, particularly those associated with dysfunction of the cholinergic system. (+info)Contributory and exacerbating roles of gaseous ammonia and organic dust in the etiology of atrophic rhinitis. (6/3164)
Pigs reared commercially indoors are exposed to air heavily contaminated with particulate and gaseous pollutants. Epidemiological surveys have shown an association between the levels of these pollutants and the severity of lesions associated with the upper respiratory tract disease of swine atrophic rhinitis. This study investigated the role of aerial pollutants in the etiology of atrophic rhinitis induced by Pasteurella multocida. Forty, 1-week-old Large White piglets were weaned and divided into eight groups designated A to H. The groups were housed in Rochester exposure chambers and continuously exposed to the following pollutants: ovalbumin (groups A and B), ammonia (groups C and D), ovalbumin plus ammonia (groups E and F), and unpolluted air (groups G and H). The concentrations of pollutants used were 20 mg m-3 total mass and 5 mg m-3 respirable mass for ovalbumin dust and 50 ppm for ammonia. One week after exposure commenced, the pigs in groups A, C, E, and G were infected with P. multocida type D by intranasal inoculation. After 4 weeks of exposure to pollutants, the pigs were killed and the extent of turbinate atrophy was assessed with a morphometric index (MI). Control pigs kept in clean air and not inoculated with P. multocida (group H) had normal turbinate morphology with a mean MI of 41.12% (standard deviation [SD], +/- 1. 59%). In contrast, exposure to pollutants in the absence of P. multocida (groups B, D, and F) induced mild turbinate atrophy with mean MIs of 49.65% (SD, +/-1.96%), 51.04% (SD, +/-2.06%), and 49.88% (SD, +/-3.51%), respectively. A similar level of atrophy was also evoked by inoculation with P. multocida in the absence of pollutants (group G), giving a mean MI of 50.77% (SD, +/-2.07%). However, when P. multocida inoculation was combined with pollutant exposure (groups A, C, and E) moderate to severe turbinate atrophy occurred with mean MIs of 64.93% (SD, +/-4.64%), 59.18% (SD, +/-2.79%), and 73.30% (SD, +/-3.19%), respectively. The severity of atrophy was greatest in pigs exposed simultaneously to dust and ammonia. At the end of the exposure period, higher numbers of P. multocida bacteria were isolated from the tonsils than from the nasal membrane, per gram of tissue. The severity of turbinate atrophy in inoculated pigs was proportional to the number of P. multocida bacteria isolated from tonsils (r2 = 0.909, P < 0.05) and nasal membrane (r2 = 0.628, P < 0.05). These findings indicate that aerial pollutants contribute to the severity of lesions associated with atrophic rhinitis by facilitating colonization of the pig's upper respiratory tract by P. multocida and also by directly evoking mild atrophy. (+info)Quantitative assessment of gastric atrophy using the syntactic structure analysis. (7/3164)
AIM: To assess the topographical relation between gastric glands, using the minimum spanning tree (MST), to derive both a model of neighbourhood and quantitative representation of the tissue's architecture, to assess the characteristic features of gastric atrophy, and to assess the grades of gastric atrophy. METHODS: Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections from corporal and antral biopsy specimens (n = 139) from normal patients and from patients with nonatrophic gastritis and atrophic gastritis of grades 1, 2, and 3 (Sydney system) were assessed by image analysis system (Prodit 5.2) and 11 syntactic structure features were derived. These included both line and connectivity features. RESULTS: Syntactic structure analysis was correlated with the semiquantitative grading system of gastric atrophy. The study showed significant reductions in the number of points and the length of MST in both body and antrum. The standard deviation of the length of MST was significantly increased in all grades of atrophy. The connectivity to two glands was the highest and most affected by the increased grade of atrophy. The reciprocal values of the Wiener, Randic, and Balaban indices showed significant changes in the volume of gland, abnormality in the shape of glands, and changes in irregularity and branching of the glands in both types of gastric mucosa. There was a complete separation in the MST, connectivity, and index values between low grade and high grade gastric atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Gastric atrophy was characterised by loss of the gland, variation in the volume, reduction in the neighbourhood, irregularity in spacing, and abnormality in the shape of the glands. (2) Syntactic structure analysis significantly differentiated minor changes in gastric gland (low grade atrophy) from high grade atrophy of clinical significance. (3) Syntactic structure analysis is a simple, fast, and highly reproducible technique and appears a promising method for quantitative assessment of atrophy. (+info)Infratentorial atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging and disability in multiple sclerosis. (8/3164)
Loss of tissue volume in the central nervous system may provide an index of fixed neurological dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Recent magnetic resonance studies have shown a modest relationship between clinical disability rating scores and transverse sectional area of the cervical spinal cord. To explore further the relationship between atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis, we estimated the volumes of infratentorial structures from MRIs in a cross-sectional study of 41 patients, 21 with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and 20 with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. We used the Cavalieri method of modern design stereology with point counting to estimate the volume of brainstem, cerebellum and upper cervical spinal cord from three-dimensional MRIs acquired with an MPRAGE (Magnetization-prepared Rapid Acquisition Gradient Echo) sequence. The volume of the upper (C1-C3) cervical spinal cord was significantly correlated with a composite spinal cord score derived from the appropriate Functional Scale scores of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (r = -0.50, P < 0.01). The cerebellar (r = 0.49, P < 0.01) and brainstem (r = 0.34, P < 0.05) volumes correlated with the Scripp's Neurological Disability Rating Scale scores. The upper cervical cord volumes (r = -0.39, P < 0.01), but not the brainstem or cerebellar volumes, were significantly associated with disease duration. MRI-estimated structural volumes may provide a simple index of axonal and/or myelin loss, the presumed pathological substrates of irreversible impairment and disability in multiple sclerosis. (+info)
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Search
CMSC INforMS: Gray Matter Atrophy Tied to Specific Disabilities in MS - Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers (CMSC)
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Visual dysfunction in posterior cortical atrophy. - ORA - Oxford University Research Archive
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atrophy in a sentence
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Muscular atrophy
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Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive motor neuron disease caused by mutations in the SMN1 gene.[58] Symptoms ... Spinal muscular atrophy is linked to genetic mutations in the SMN1 (Survival of Motor Neuron 1) gene. The SMN protein is widely ... Disease: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA ... This article will cover the epigenetics and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA ...
Anatomical terms of muscle
Hypertrophy and atrophy[edit]. Main articles: Hypertrophy and Atrophy. Example of an atrophied muscle ...
Atrophy
Muscle atrophies[edit]. Main article: Muscle atrophy. Disuse atrophy of muscles and bones, with loss of mass and strength, can ... Gland atrophy[edit]. The adrenal glands atrophy during prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoids like prednisone. Atrophy of ... Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. Causes of atrophy include mutations (which can destroy ... A diminished muscular trophic condition is designated as atrophy. Atrophy is reduction in size of cell, organ or tissue, after ...
Development of the reproductive system
Atrophy in males[edit]. In the male the paramesonephric ducts atrophy, but traces of their anterior ends are represented by the ... Atrophy in female[edit]. In the female the mesonephric bodies and ducts atrophy. The nonfunctional remains of the mesonephric ... A large part of the head end of the mesonephros atrophies and disappears; of the remainder the anterior tubules form the ... Thus, the mesonephric duct remains after the atrophy of the pronephros duct. ...
Parenteral nutrition
Gut atrophy[edit]. Infants who are sustained on TPN without food by mouth for prolonged periods are at risk for developing gut ... atrophy.[23] Other complications[edit]. Other complications are either related to catheter insertion, or metabolic, including ...
Bengal cat
Bengal progressive retinal atrophy (PRA-b)[edit]. Bengal cats are known to be affected by several genetic diseases, one of ... The most pressing concerns when breeding Bengals are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), progressive retinal atrophy and ... which is Bengal progressive retinal atrophy, also known as Bengal PRA or PRA-b. Anyone breeding Bengal cats should carry out ...
Hyperhidrosis
Atrophy *e.g., Muscular atrophy. *Debility (or asthenia). *Lassitude. *Lethargy. *Muscle tremors ...
Wa (Japan)
"plant" radical) "wilt; wither; atrophy; tire, grow weary; (metaphorically) decline, fade" ...
Medical sign
Atrophy *e.g., Muscular atrophy. *Debility (or asthenia). *Lassitude. *Lethargy. *Muscle tremors ...
Skin condition
Atrophy: refers to a loss of tissue, and can be epidermal, dermal, or subcutaneous.[30] With epidermal atrophy, the skin ... appears thin, translucent, and wrinkled.[29] Dermal or subcutaneous atrophy is represented by depression of the skin.[29] ...
chronic pain
Atrophy *e.g., Muscular atrophy. *Debility (or asthenia). *Lassitude. *Lethargy. *Muscle tremors ...
Epileptic seizure
... and atrophy of specific areas of the brain are linked to epilepsy but it is unclear if epilepsy causes these changes or if ...
Camille Paglia
"Atrophy". The Post-Standard. Syracuse, New York. April 12, 1964.. *^ a b Nester, Daniel (April 2005). "An interview with ... Paglia entered Harpur College at Binghamton University in 1964.[22] The same year, Paglia's poem "Atrophy" was published in the ...
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
"Muscle fatigue, nNOS and muscle fiber atrophy in limb girdle muscular dystrophy". Acta Myologica. 33 (3): 119-126. ISSN 1128- ...
Meningeal syphilis
Optic Atrophy. *Argyll Robertson pupil[1] *Argyll Robertson pupil constricts with accommodation but it is not reactive to light ...
Osteoid osteoma
muscle atrophy. *bowing deformity. *swelling. *increased or decreased bone growth. [5] [6] The most common symptom is pain that ...
ICD-10 Chapter VI: Diseases of the nervous system
G13.2) Systemic atrophy primarily affecting central nervous system in myxoedema. *(G13.8) Systemic atrophy primarily affecting ... G12.0) Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (spinal muscular atrophy type 1). *(G12.1) Other inherited spinal muscular atrophy *Progressive ... G10-G13) Systemic atrophies primarily affecting the central nervous system[edit]. *(G10) Huntington's disease ... G13) Systemic atrophies primarily affecting central nervous system in diseases classified elsewhere *(G13.0) Paraneoplastic ...
Prednisone
As such, the HPA axis starts to become suppressed and atrophy. If this occurs the people should be tapered off prednisone ... Schakman O, Gilson H, Kalista S, Thissen JP (November 2009). "Mechanisms of muscle atrophy induced by glucocorticoids". Hormone ...
Complex regional pain syndrome
There is marked muscle atrophy, severely limited mobility of the affected area, and flexor tendon contractions (contractions of ... The limb, or limbs, can experience muscle atrophy, loss of use, and functionally useless parameters that require amputation. ... Type I, formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), Sudeck's atrophy, or algoneurodystrophy, does not exhibit ... atrophy); tremors; dystonia; allodynia; hyperalgesia; decreased/restricted ability and painful movement of affected body part.[ ...
Priority review
"FDA approves innovative gene therapy to treat pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy, a rare disease and leading ...
List of Arrested Development episodes
"Everyone Gets Atrophy". Troy Miller. Mitchell Hurwitz. May 29, 2018 (2018-05-29). 5AJD03. ...
Joseph Jules Dejerine
Dejerine-Thomas olivopontocerebellar atrophy: A sporadically occurring form of chronic progressive ataxia. ...
Abyssinian cat
"Cat Progressive Retinal Atrophy". Vgl.ucdavis.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-27.. *^ Lyons LA (December 2012). "Genetic testing in ...
Vaginal rugae
Mac Bride MB, Rhodes DJ, Shuster LT (January 2010). "Vulvovaginal atrophy". Mayo Clin. Proc. 85 (1): 87-94. doi:10.4065/mcp. ...
Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita
The lower extremities often show atrophy and seldom show hypertrophy resulting in limb circumference discrepancy.[citation ... Cutaneous atrophy • Neurological anomalies • Vascular anomalies (nevus flammeus /Sturge-Weber/Klippel-Trénauna Adams Oliver ...
X-linked recessive inheritance
Spinal muscular atrophy caused by UBE1 gene mutation; weakness due to loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord and ... Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; muscle cramps and progressive weakness. *Lesch-Nyhan syndrome; neurologic dysfunction, ...
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome
Cerebral atrophy: is seen frequently. Genetics: pathogenic mutations in any of the seven genes known to be involved in AGS. At ... 2004). "Congenital glaucoma and brain stem atrophy as features of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome". Am J Med Genet. 129A: 303-7. doi ... and cerebral atrophy; thus indicating that the disease process became active before birth i.e. in utero. These infants can have ... abnormalities of the cerebral white matter and diffuse brain atrophy. An excess of white cells, chiefly lymphocytes, was found ...
Gynecomastia
ISBN 978-1-4377-3600-7. Grunseich, C; Fischbeck, KH (November 2015). "Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy". Neurologic Clinics. ... proportion of male gynecomastia cases may be seen with rare inherited disorders such as spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy and ...
Australian Cattle Dog
The Australian Cattle Dog is one of the dog breeds affected by progressive retinal atrophy. It has the most common form, ... Petersen-Jones, Simon M. (2003). "Progressive Retinal Atrophy: an overview". Proceedings of the 28th World Congress of the ...
Human spaceflight
"NASA Information: Muscle Atrophy" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 20 November 2015.. *^ "Earth Living Is Tough for Astronaut Used to ...
Spinal Muscular Atrophy | SMA | MedlinePlus
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) attacks nerve cells in the spinal cord, weakening voluntary muscles. Read about the genetics, ... Spinal Muscular Atrophy (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) * Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) (Muscular ... Spinal muscular atrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine) * X-linked infantile spinal muscular atrophy: ... Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine) * Spinal muscular atrophy with lower ...
Atrophy - Wikipedia
Muscle atrophies[edit]. Main article: Muscle atrophy. Disuse atrophy of muscles and bones, with loss of mass and strength, can ... Gland atrophy[edit]. The adrenal glands atrophy during prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoids like prednisone. Atrophy of ... Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. Causes of atrophy include mutations (which can destroy ... A diminished muscular trophic condition is designated as atrophy. Atrophy is reduction in size of cell, organ or tissue, after ...
Muscle atrophy - Wikipedia
Neurogenic atrophy, which has a similar effect, is muscle atrophy resulting from damage to the nerve which stimulates the ... Muscle atrophy occurs by a change in the normal balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. During atrophy, ... Muscular atrophy increases the risks of falling in conditions such as inclusion body myositis (IBM) . Muscular atrophy affects ... Muscle atrophy is defined as a decrease in the mass of the muscle; it can be a partial or complete wasting away of muscle, and ...
Atrophy | Encyclopedia.com
atrophy* The word comes from the Greek, meaning ill-fed. In biomedical terms it means wasting - loss of mass from a tissue or ... See also multiple system atrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, Sudeks atrophy.. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the ... atrophy (ăt´rəfē), diminution in the size of a cell, tissue, or organ from its fully developed normal size. Temporary atrophy ... It is used as a verb: muscles, for example, can atrophy with simple disuse; or as a noun (they undergo disuse atrophy); or, ...
MSA INFO - Multiple System Atrophy
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
... makes it difficult for a child to move around, walk, or breathe. Although there is no cure, ... Spinal muscular atrophy, or SMA, is an inherited condition that causes nerve cells in the lower part of the brain and spinal ... Type III, also called Kugelberg-Welander disease or juvenile spinal muscular atrophy, begins to affect kids as early as 18 ... In many cases, progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, parental concerns, and repeated doctor visits because of respiratory ...
Spinal muscular atrophy - NHS
Read about spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a condition that makes the muscles weaker and causes problems with movement that get ... Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic condition that makes the muscles weaker and causes problems with movement. ... If you or your child has spinal muscular atrophy, your clinical team will pass on information about you or your child to the ...
Muscular atrophy | pathology | Britannica.com
... atrophy: Atrophy of muscle or of muscle and bone: Local atrophy of muscle, bone, or other tissues results from disuse or ... In atrophy: Atrophy of muscle or of muscle and bone. Local atrophy of muscle, bone, or other tissues results from disuse or ... an early account of progressive muscular atrophy, which is sometimes called Cruveilhiers atrophy, or Cruveilhiers disease. ... Alternative Titles: Cruveilhiers atrophy, Cruveilhiers disease. Learn about this topic in these articles:. Assorted ...
Spinal muscular atrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics
... atrophy) in muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). It is caused by a loss of specialized nerve cells, called motor ... Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by weakness and wasting ( ... Spinal muscular atrophy affects 1 per 8,000 to 10,000 people worldwide. Spinal muscular atrophy type I is the most common type ... Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by weakness and wasting (atrophy. ) in muscles used for movement ( ...
Prolonged Sitting Tied to Brain Atrophy
"The atrophy and anti-neuroplastic processes associated with cognitive decline are thought to begin in the medial temporal lobe ... Prolonged periods of sitting in middle age is tied to brain atrophy, new research shows. ... Cite this: Prolonged Sitting Tied to Brain Atrophy - Medscape - Apr 17, 2018. ...
How is olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) treated?
Care of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) is directed to the treatment of symptoms. Dopaminergic agents, such as levodopa, ... Drugs & Diseases , Neurology , Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Q&A How is olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) treated?. Updated: ... Multiple systems atrophy and nonfamilial olivopontocerebellar atrophy are the same disease. Ann Neurol. 1995 May. 37(5):553-4. ... Infantile olivopontocerebellar atrophy with spinal muscular atrophy (infantile OPCA + SMA). Clin Neuropathol. 1990 Jan-Feb. 9(1 ...
Project MUSE - Implosion, Atrophy, or Revolution?
Abstract Following the 2011-12 Russian elections that sparked a wave of protests ended the era of Putins status quo, a newly awakened Russia is now asking of series of questions, such as how to transform the current system and who will be the actors to lead the transformation. Putins regime is clearly now in decline, but it is unclear whether the death knell has sounded for the "Russian System"- a combination of personal rule, the merger of power and assets, and a self-perpetuating statist-militarist model. Once can conclude, however, that the Russian system cannot be reformed from the top and that real transformation will come only through pressure from citizens. ...
Posterior Cortical Atrophy | Signs, Symptoms, & Diagnosis
Learn about Posterior Cortical Atrophy disease signs and symptoms and treatment and get support resources. ... Posterior Cortical Atrophy disease dementia is a type of dementia, related to Alzheimers disease. ... Posterior Cortical Atrophy. Posterior Cortical Atrophy A topic in the Alzheimers Association series on understanding dementia ... About Posterior Cortical Atrophy. Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) refers to gradual and progressive degeneration of the outer ...
Clitoral atrophy: Causes, symptoms, and treatment
Clitoral atrophy refers to the clitoris shrinking and losing sensation. Here, learn when this can happen, how a doctor ... What is clitoral atrophy?. Share on Pinterest. A person with clitoral atrophy may experience a reduced response to sexual ... Doctors refer to this as clitoral atrophy. There are many possible causes of clitoral atrophy, including disuse, hormonal ... Clitoral atrophy refers to the clitoris shrinking and losing sensation. It can happen for a number of reasons, including:. *a ...
Vaginal Atrophy News, Research
Survey shows negative effect of vulvovaginal atrophy symptoms on quality of life for women With symptoms such as dryness, ... British post-menopausal women less likely to access appropriate treatment for vaginal atrophy New data, published today in ... EMAS clinical guide on low-dose vaginal estrogens for postmenopausal vaginal atrophy Elsevier, a world-leading provider of ... VagiCap improves quality of life, satisfaction for postmenopausal women with vulvar and vaginal atrophy Newly released patient ...
Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Differential Diagnoses
Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by prominent cerebellar and extrapyramidal ... Multiple systems atrophy and nonfamilial olivopontocerebellar atrophy are the same disease. Ann Neurol. 1995 May. 37(5):553-4. ... encoded search term (Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy) and Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy What to Read Next on Medscape. Related ... Infantile olivopontocerebellar atrophy with spinal muscular atrophy (infantile OPCA + SMA). Clin Neuropathol. 1990 Jan-Feb. 9(1 ...
Multiple-System Atrophy (MSA)
... is a progressive neurological condition in which specific areas of the brain undergo neural ... Multiple-system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurological condition in which specific areas of the brain undergo neural ... Nerve cells in the affected brain areas deteriorate and shrink (atrophy). Microscopy studies have shown that structures ... Multiple-System Atrophy (MSA). News-Medical. 09 August 2020. ,https://www.news-medical.net/health/Multiple-system-Atrophy-(MSA ...
Steroid atrophy - Dermatology - MedHelp
The Content on this Site is presented in a summary fashion, and is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. MedHelp is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this Site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties. By using this Site you agree to the following ...
Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Diagnosis
Pinterest Campaign Supports Research For Spinal Muscular Atrophy
dreams of helping find a cure for spinal muscular atrophy within the next two years. And his ... Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a degenerative disease that affects 4 out of every 100,000 people and is the leading genetic ... dreams of helping find a cure for spinal muscular atrophy within the next two years. And his dream is close to coming true. Dr ... StorageMart partners with The Muscular Dystrophy Association to Pin for a Cure for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in the hopes of ...
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) (for Parents) - Nemours
... is a condition that causes muscle weakness and atrophy. Theres no cure, but therapy and other treatments can help most people ... Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic condition that causes muscle weakness and atrophy (when muscles get smaller). ... Because the muscles dont move, they get smaller (or atrophy).. What Causes SMA?. Most kinds of SMA are caused by a problem ...
Hippocampal atrophy in recurrent major depression | PNAS
Vaginal atrophy: Natural remedies, causes, and treatments
Vaginal atrophy is inflammation, dryness, and thinning of the vaginal walls. It is most common in menopause and can cause loss ... suggests that probiotics might help relieve the symptoms of vaginal atrophy.. Some women with vaginal atrophy might also ... Premenopause that occurs alongside conditions that reduce estrogen levels can cause vaginal atrophy.. Vaginal atrophy can occur ... Vaginal atrophy is easier to prevent than treat.. Being sexually active, even if you are alone, helps maintain muscle tone and ...
How Do You Diagnose Spinal Muscular Atrophy?
For diagnosing spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), certain tests are carried out to check if your child has this condition. ... Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic condition that results in weakness and wasting of muscles in infants. ... Is Spinal Muscular Atrophy Treatable?. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a type of motor neuron disease that is hereditary. ... How Do You Diagnose Spinal Muscular Atrophy?. * Tests for Spinal Muscular Atrophy *. ...
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Muscle atrophy (temporalis) - Neurology - MedHelp
However, I noticed that my temples have shrunken in (atrophy) as I had a full... ... Is this facial atrophy permanent or will it reversed when I pick up chewing again? Also, did the muscle spasms contribute to ... Is this facial atrophy permanent or will it reversed when I pick up chewing again? Also, did the muscle spasms contribute to ... Muscle atrophy (temporalis). After two root canals, I developed muscle spasms that eventually resolve with a couple of weeks of ...
Multiple System Atrophy | Newsmax.com
Question: Do you have any information on multiple system atrophy? Do you know of any studies or drug trials? Dr. Hibberds ... Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive degenerative disorder that is general term of several conditions previously ... There is an active NIH supported MSA atrophy base of clinical trials available at the NIH and through the NINDS (National ... named as Shy-Drager syndrome, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, and striatonigral degeneration. Now, the more general term MSA is ...
Process Of Elimination Lyrics - Atrophy
Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Families' plea over drugs - BBC News
Families of children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy urge health trust to explain why they are denied access to potentially life- ... Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Families plea over drugs. By Marie-Louise Connolly BBC News NI Health Correspondent ... The families of three NI children who have Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) are calling on the Belfast Health Trust to explain why ...
The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition Elects New Board Officers
The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition has elected new officers of its board of directors during their annual general ... About Multiple System Atrophy Multiple system atrophy is a rare and fatal disorder with less than 15,000 Americans diagnosed ... About the Multiple System Atrophy Coalition The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition is a positive beacon of hope standing up to a ... The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition has elected new officers of its board of directors during their annual general meeting. ...
Multiple systemMuscularBrain atrophyOlivopontocerebellarSymptoms of vaginal atrophyDisuse atrophyHippocampal atrophyOccursCerebral atrophyVulvovaginal atrophySevereImplicated in muscle atrophyDiagnosisGeneticLeads to muscle weaknessVaginal DrynessCause muscle atrophyDecreasesSkeletal muscleLead to atrophyKnown as atrophyAutosomalDiseaseGenesEstrogenNeurogenicOccurDegenerationCerbral atrophyGeographic atrophyCerebellar atrophyCorticalOptic nerveAtrophicMenopauseLower extremityProteinMalnutritionMuscles get smallerPathwaysSyndrome
Multiple system24
- Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by autonomic failure (cardiovascular and/or urinary), parkinsonism, cerebellar impairment and corticospinal signs with a median survival of 6-9 years. (ebi.ac.uk)
- MSA INFO - Multiple System Atrophy is a Public Group with 110 members. (yahoo.com)
- Evolution of sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy into multiple system atrophy. (medscape.com)
- Towards translational therapies for multiple system atrophy. (medscape.com)
- Systemic proteasome inhibition triggers neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model expressing human a-synuclein under oligodendrocyte promoter: implications for multiple system atrophy. (medscape.com)
- Accuracy of portable polygraphy for the diagnosis of sleep apnea in multiple system atrophy. (medscape.com)
- Neuropathology of multiple system atrophy: New thoughts about pathogenesis. (medscape.com)
- Multiple-system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurological condition in which specific areas of the brain undergo neural degeneration. (news-medical.net)
- Question: Do you have any information on multiple system atrophy? (newsmax.com)
- Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive degenerative disorder that is general term of several conditions previously named as Shy-Drager syndrome, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, and striatonigral degeneration. (newsmax.com)
- New officers focused on uniting the multiple system atrophy community to defeat the rare and terminal, neurodegenerative disorder. (prweb.com)
- The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition has elected new officers of its board of directors during their annual general meeting. (prweb.com)
- Incorporated in 1999, The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition is a growing nonprofit 501 (c) 3 organization dedicated to serving patients, caregivers and families affected by the neurological disorder Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) through direct support programs as well as providing grants to research. (prweb.com)
- Joining the Board of Directors in 1999, Don became connected to multiple system atrophy through his career in the pharmaceutical industry. (prweb.com)
- Carol was a caregiver for her husband Rob, who was diagnosed with Multiple System Atrophy in 1998 and died in 2009. (prweb.com)
- As a long time grassroots advocate for MSA awareness and support, she has helped countless families find needed information about the disease since the mid-1990's when her mother-in-law was stricken with the cerebellar form of multiple system atrophy. (prweb.com)
- She has strongly promoted March as Multiple System Atrophy Awareness Month since 2010 and this past year pushed for the successful introduction of House Resolution 518 to the US Congress by Rep. Keith Ellison of Minnesota. (prweb.com)
- There are multiple forms of atrophic disorders but, according to the Mayo Clinic, the two most prominent are multiple system atrophy (also called MSA) and vaginal atrophy . (wisegeek.com)
- Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal, adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder of uncertain etiology, clinically characterized by various combinations of Levo-dopa-unresponsive parkinsonism, and cerebellar, motor, and autonomic dysfunctions. (uni-muenster.de)
- OPCA has been classified based on clinical, genetic, and neuropathological findings and there is significant controversy and confusion in the medical literature because of its association with two distinct groups of disorders, specifically multiple system atrophy (MSA) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). (rarediseases.org)
- In Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), the accumulation and spread of α-synuclein prions leads to the progressive degeneration seen in patients. (pnas.org)
- In the neurodegenerative disease multiple system atrophy (MSA), α-synuclein misfolds into a self-templating conformation to become a prion. (pnas.org)
- Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by autonomic dysfunction, tremors, slow movement, muscle rigidity, and postural instability (collectively known as parkinsonism) and ataxia. (wikipedia.org)
- Multiple system atrophy can be explained as cell loss and gliosis or a proliferation of astrocytes in damaged areas of the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Muscular114
- What is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)? (medlineplus.gov)
- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a group of genetic diseases that damages and kills motor neurons. (medlineplus.gov)
- What are the types of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and what are their symptoms? (medlineplus.gov)
- How is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) diagnosed? (medlineplus.gov)
- What are the treatments for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)? (medlineplus.gov)
- A diminished muscular trophic condition is designated as atrophy . (wikipedia.org)
- Examples of atrophying muscle diseases include muscular dystrophy , myotonia congenita , and myotonic dystrophy . (wikipedia.org)
- Muscular atrophy decreases qualities of life as the sufferer becomes unable to perform certain tasks or worsen the risks of accidents while performing those (like walking). (wikipedia.org)
- Muscular atrophy affects a high number of the elderly. (wikipedia.org)
- Spinal muscular atrophy, or SMA, is an inherited condition that causes nerve cells in the lower part of the brain and spinal cord to break down and die. (kidshealth.org)
- Type III , also called Kugelberg-Welander disease or juvenile spinal muscular atrophy, begins to affect kids as early as 18 months of age or as late as adolescence. (kidshealth.org)
- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic condition that makes the muscles weaker and causes problems with movement. (www.nhs.uk)
- If you or your child has spinal muscular atrophy, your clinical team will pass on information about you or your child to the National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Diseases Registration Service (NCARDRS). (www.nhs.uk)
- In his study of muscular atrophy, Charcot described the symptoms of locomotor ataxia, a degeneration of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord and of the sensory nerve trunks. (britannica.com)
- an early account of progressive muscular atrophy, which is sometimes called Cruveilhier's atrophy, or Cruveilhier's disease. (britannica.com)
- There are many types of spinal muscular atrophy that are caused by changes in the same genes. (medlineplus.gov)
- Other forms of spinal muscular atrophy and related motor neuron diseases, such as spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy , spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance , X-linked infantile spinal muscular atrophy , and spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 are caused by mutations in other genes. (medlineplus.gov)
- Spinal muscular atrophy type 0 is evident before birth and is the rarest and most severe form of the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
- Some infants with spinal muscular atrophy type 0 also have heart defects that are present from birth (congenital). (medlineplus.gov)
- Spinal muscular atrophy type I (also called Werdnig-Hoffmann disease) is the most common form of the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
- Most children with spinal muscular atrophy type I do not survive past early childhood due to respiratory failure. (medlineplus.gov)
- Spinal muscular atrophy type II (also called Dubowitz disease) is characterized by muscle weakness that develops in children between ages 6 and 12 months. (medlineplus.gov)
- Individuals with spinal muscular atrophy type II cannot stand or walk unaided. (medlineplus.gov)
- The life span of individuals with spinal muscular atrophy type II varies, but many people with this condition live into their twenties or thirties. (medlineplus.gov)
- Spinal muscular atrophy type III (also called Kugelberg-Welander disease) typically causes muscle weakness after early childhood. (medlineplus.gov)
- People with spinal muscular atrophy type III typically have a normal life expectancy. (medlineplus.gov)
- Spinal muscular atrophy type IV is rare and often begins in early adulthood. (medlineplus.gov)
- Spinal muscular atrophy affects 1 per 8,000 to 10,000 people worldwide. (medlineplus.gov)
- Spinal muscular atrophy type I is the most common type, accounting for about half of all cases. (medlineplus.gov)
- Mutations in the SMN1 gene cause all types of spinal muscular atrophy described above. (medlineplus.gov)
- Infantile olivopontocerebellar atrophy with spinal muscular atrophy (infantile OPCA + SMA). (medscape.com)
- How do doctors diagnose spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)? (massgeneral.org)
- StorageMart partners with The Muscular Dystrophy Association to 'Pin for a Cure' for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in the hopes of raising $5,000. (prweb.com)
- Dr. Christian Lorson, PhD. dreams of helping find a cure for spinal muscular atrophy within the next two years. (prweb.com)
- Dr. Lorson has been conducting groundbreaking research at the University of Missouri in Columbia, MO and has identified spinal muscular atrophy pathways that, when treated, can profoundly improve and nearly correct the course of this debilitating disease. (prweb.com)
- Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a degenerative disease that affects 4 out of every 100,000 people and is the leading genetic cause of death in infants. (prweb.com)
- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic condition that causes muscle weakness and atrophy (when muscles get smaller). (kidshealth.org)
- How Do You Diagnose Spinal Muscular Atrophy? (medicinenet.com)
- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic condition that results in weakness and wasting of muscles in infants. (medicinenet.com)
- For diagnosing spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), certain tests are carried out to check if your child has this condition. (medicinenet.com)
- If you or your child exhibit typical symptoms of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a genetic blood test can confirm the condition. (medicinenet.com)
- As a result, the brain can't send a signal to the muscles to make them move, leading to muscular atrophy. (medicinenet.com)
- The families of three NI children who have Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) are calling on the Belfast Health Trust to explain why they are being denied access to what they say is a potentially life-changing drug. (bbc.co.uk)
- Spinal muscular atrophy is an autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord and caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 gene, SMN1. (nih.gov)
- Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy: "Spinal Muscular Atrophy. (webmd.com)
- Cleveland Clinic: "Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA): Management and Treatment. (webmd.com)
- Muscular Dystrophy Association: "Facts About Spinal Muscular Atrophy. (webmd.com)
- Assistive tools can help with balance, increase mobility, or just make everyday tasks more manageable for someone with spinal muscular atrophy. (webmd.com)
- We hypothesized that muscular atrophy is an integral part of diabetic neuropathy that is easily detected in the feet and is closely related to the severity of neuropathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic condition affecting the motor neurons (nerve cells) in the spinal cord. (spineuniverse.com)
- Medical advances have led to targeted treatments for spinal muscular atrophy. (spineuniverse.com)
- SMA's hallmark symptom is muscular weakness (atrophy), but it may lead to other conditions affecting different bodily systems (eg, respiratory, orthopaedic, cardiac). (spineuniverse.com)
- Spinal muscular atrophy also varies in severity, and in many cases, there's not simply one treatment used for SMA. (spineuniverse.com)
- Spinal muscular atrophy is caused by a problem with the SMA survival motor neuron gene 1 (SMN1), which produces a protein that feeds the motor neurons in the spinal cord. (spineuniverse.com)
- Risdiplam, an investigational oral medication for the treatment of all types of spinal muscular atrophy, is under priority review for possible approval by the FDA. (spineuniverse.com)
- Among the specialists trained to treat spinal muscular atrophy is a pulmonary specialist (windpipe, lungs), as SMA can weaken respiratory muscles. (spineuniverse.com)
- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive (principal form), progressive, neuromuscular disease, caused by a defect in the survival motor neuron 1 gene. (springer.com)
- Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Zerres K, Ignatius J, Rietschel M. Pregnancy and spinal muscular atrophy. (springer.com)
- Spinal muscular atrophy and severely reduced pulmonary function. (springer.com)
- Pugh CP, Healey SK, Crane JM, Young D. Successful pregnancy and spinal muscular atrophy. (springer.com)
- Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Breuer C, Zerres K. Stable motor and lung function throughout pregnancy in a patient with infantile spinal muscular atrophy type II. (springer.com)
- Yim R, Kirschner K, Murphy E, Parson J, Winslow C. Successful pregnancy in a patient with spinal muscular atrophy and severe kyphoscoliosis. (springer.com)
- Prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress (SMARD1) in a twin pregnancy. (springer.com)
- Clinical commentary: obstetric and respiratory management of pregnancy with severe spinal muscular atrophy. (springer.com)
- Howarth L, Glanville T. Management of a pregnancy complicated by type III spinal muscular atrophy. (springer.com)
- Anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with spinal muscular atrophy. (springer.com)
- Sachs A. (2018) Spinal Muscular Atrophy. (springer.com)
- Although it is known that deletions or mutations of the SMN1 gene on chromosome 5 cause decreased levels of the SMN protein in subjects with proximal autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the exact sequence of pathological events leading to selective motoneuron cell death is not fully understood yet. (springer.com)
- Battaglia G, Princivalle A, Forti F, Lizier C, Zeviani M (1997) Expression of the SMN gene, the spinal muscular atrophy determining gene, in the mammalian central nervous system. (springer.com)
- Beattie CE, Carrel TE, McWhorter ML (2007) Fishing for a mechanism: using zebrafish to understand spinal muscular atrophy. (springer.com)
- Brichta L, Hofmann Y, Hahnen E, Siebzehnrubl FA, Raschke H, Blumcke I, Eyupoglu IY, Wirth B (2003) Valproic acid increases the SMN2 protein level: a well-known drug as a potential therapy for spinal muscular atrophy. (springer.com)
- Brichta L, Garbes L, Jedrzejowska M, Grellscheid SN, Holker I, Zimmermann K, Wirth B (2008) Nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay of survival motor neuron 1 causes spinal muscular atrophy. (springer.com)
- Briese M, Esmaeili B, Sattelle DB (2005) Is spinal muscular atrophy the result of defects in motor neuron processes? (springer.com)
- A mouse model for spinal muscular atrophy. (nih.gov)
- Homozygous mutation of SMN1 is associated with proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a severe motor neuron disease characterized by early childhood onset of progressive muscle weakness. (nih.gov)
- A child suffering from muscular atrophy may experience frequent falls. (wisegeek.com)
- A person suffering from muscular atrophy may have difficulties performing basic tasks, such as teeth brushing. (wisegeek.com)
- Spinal muscular atrophy is a group of inherited diseases that affect the muscles responsible for voluntary movement in the body. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- Depending on the age of onset, severity and genetic cause there are several different types of the disease: spinal muscular atrophy Types 1, 2, 3 and 4, X-linked spinal muscular atrophy, and spinal muscular atrophy, lower-extremity dominant (SMA-LED). (cedars-sinai.edu)
- Symptoms of spinal muscular atrophy Type 1 are evident at birth or within the first few months of life. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- Spinal muscular atrophy Type 2 is less severe than type I and begins to develop in a child's first 6-12 months of life. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- Symptoms of spinal muscular atrophy Type 3 can begin to appear in early childhood or well into adolescence. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- The onset of spinal muscular atrophy Type 4 often does not occur until after the age of 30. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- Because X-linked spinal muscular atrophy is carried on the X chromosome, it only affects men. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- Kennedy's disease is one type of X-linked spinal muscular atrophy. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- People with two parents who are carriers of the abnormal SMN1 gene are at an increased risk of developing spinal muscular atrophy I, II, III and IV. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- Other types of spinal muscular atrophy, such as SMA-LED and most of those that do not appear until adulthood are dominant traits and require only one copy of the abnormal gene in order for symptoms to appear. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- Diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy often begins with a thorough physical exam. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- Treatments for spinal muscular atrophy will vary depending on the type of diagnosis and the age of onset. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) is a rare disorder of the lower motor neurons. (umcutrecht.nl)
- The absence of true ankylosis permits surgery for arytenoid mobilization and VC medialization, but with protracted paralysis, muscular atrophy and fibrosis may be limiting factors to medialization. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Brionni Alexander is the only child in Scotland with type one Spinal Muscular Atrophy , an incurable genetic condition. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Designed to address the needs of patients suffering from numerous respiratory complications, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, severe asthma, pleurisy, muscular atrophy , respiratory failure, neuromuscular disease and other diseases or injuries that impair respiration. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has plagued humanity for generations. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Such enlarged genetic segments have also been discovered in spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy , a rare inherited muscle-wasting syndrome. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Further, the analyst sees the potential for upside from additional Phase 2 data on spinal muscular atrophy agent RG7916 and from a trial design update on plans to generate dystrophin production data for Translarna in pursuit of accelerated approval. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Global Markets Direct's, 'Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) - Pipeline Review, H2 2015', provides an overview of the Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)'s therapeutic pipeline. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 4,5) Specific genetic tests are available for X-linked bulbospinal neuronopathy (Kennedy's disease), which causes a slowly progressive lower motor neurone syndrome, sensory neuropathy, and partial androgen insensitivity leading to gynaecomastia and the recessive form of proximal spinal muscular atrophy which can occasionally come on in adult life. (thefreedictionary.com)
- New research on how motor-neuron cell-death occurs in patients with spinal muscular atrophy offers an important clue in identifying potential medicines to treat this leading genetic cause of death in infants and toddlers. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic disease in which the motor neurons in the spinal cord degenerate. (reference.com)
- If your child has spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), you're going to have to tell your friends, family members, and the staff at your child's school about their condition at some point. (healthline.com)
- My child has a neuromuscular condition called spinal muscular atrophy, or SMA for short. (healthline.com)
- For a list of other conditions with similar names, see Spinal muscular atrophies . (wikipedia.org)
- Spinal muscular atrophy ( SMA ) is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterised by loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle wasting , often leading to early death. (wikipedia.org)
- Spinal muscular atrophy manifests in various degrees of severity, which all have in common progressive muscle wasting and mobility impairment. (wikipedia.org)
- Spinal muscular atrophy is an inherited disorder and is passed on in an autosomal recessive manner (see video explanation of autosomal recessive inheritance). (wikipedia.org)
- Finally, diseases of the muscles such as muscular dystrophy or myopathies can cause atrophy, as well as damage to the nervous system such as in spinal cord injury or stroke. (wikipedia.org)
- Technavio has published a new report on the drug development pipeline for spinal muscular atrophy, including a detailed study of the pipeline molecules. (businesswire.com)
- LONDON--( BUSINESS WIRE )--Technavio has announced their latest pipeline analysis report on the spinal muscular atrophy market . (businesswire.com)
- The report includes a detailed analysis of the pipeline molecules under investigation within the defined data collection period to treat spinal muscular atrophy. (businesswire.com)
- Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disorder that results in the weakening of the muscles and affects muscle movement. (businesswire.com)
- With the rising incidences of the disease, the drug development for spinal muscular atrophy is expected to rise during the next few years. (businesswire.com)
- Based on therapeutic modality, more than 45% of the molecules that are being investigated for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy are small molecule. (businesswire.com)
- muscular atrophy of a person affected with paralysis. (thefreedictionary.com)
Brain atrophy10
- Prolonged periods of sitting in middle age is tied to brain atrophy, new research shows. (medscape.com)
- Being physically fit can prevent brain atrophy and may ward off dementia, according to a study published in the December 2012 issue of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise . (runnersworld.com)
- Incorporating physical activity into your daily routine can be a helpful step to prevent conditions caused by brain atrophy, such as dementia," said the primary investigator, Atsumu Yuki, Ph.D., of the Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia in Japan. (runnersworld.com)
- OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with brain atrophy and cerebrovascular disease. (diabetesjournals.org)
- We aimed to define the regional distribution of brain atrophy in T2DM and to examine whether atrophy or cerebrovascular lesions are feasible links between T2DM and cognitive function. (diabetesjournals.org)
- However, few studies have clarified the regional distribution of brain atrophy attributable to T2DM ( 14 - 16 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Understanding the pattern of brain atrophy in T2DM may provide clues toward the underlying neurodegenerative process. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Moreover, although some studies demonstrated associations of T2DM with brain atrophy or cerebrovascular disease, no data describe how MRI measures of atrophy and cerebrovascular disease mediate the difference in cognitive function between those with and without T2DM. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Two genetic variants linked to Alzheimer's disease have been more specifically tied to brain atrophy that is characteristic of the disease. (psychcentral.com)
- A new study, led by Liana Apostolova, M.D., a professor at the Indiana University School of Medicine, also found that the proteins produced by the genes and circulating in the blood were associated with brain atrophy and could be used in Alzheimer's-related tests in the future. (psychcentral.com)
Olivopontocerebellar6
- How is olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) treated? (medscape.com)
- Care of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) is directed to the treatment of symptoms. (medscape.com)
- Konigsmark BW, Weiner LP. The olivopontocerebellar atrophies: a review. (medscape.com)
- Olivopontocerebellar atrophy Optic atrophy Spinomuscular atrophy Hypertrophy List of biological development disorders W. T. Councilman (1913). (wikipedia.org)
- The major variants are striatonigral degeneration (MSA with predominant parkinsonism / MSA-P) and olivopontocerebellar atrophy (MSA with prominent cerebellar ataxia / MSA-C). However, the clinical and pathological features of MSA are broader than previously considered. (uni-muenster.de)
- The term olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) has historically been used to describe a group of disorders that affect the central nervous system and are termed neurodegenerative diseases because they result in a progressive deterioration of nerve cells in certain parts of the brain. (rarediseases.org)
Symptoms of vaginal atrophy5
- There are several lifestyle changes that could help women relieve the symptoms of vaginal atrophy. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Limited research on 87 women suggests that probiotics might help relieve the symptoms of vaginal atrophy. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- They will alleviate symptoms of vaginal atrophy. (webmd.com)
- However, what is interesting is that 10% to 40% of women on HRT may still have symptoms of vaginal atrophy and need vaginal estrogen. (webmd.com)
- One of the symptoms of vaginal atrophy is vaginal dryness. (healthcentral.com)
Disuse atrophy7
- Disuse atrophy of muscles and bones, with loss of mass and strength, can occur after prolonged immobility, such as extended bedrest , or having a body part in a cast (living in darkness for the eye, bedridden for the legs etc. (wikipedia.org)
- Disuse of the muscles, such as when muscle tissue is immobilized for even a few days of unuse - when the patient has a primary injury such as an immobilized broken bone (set in a cast or immobilized in traction), for example - will also lead rapidly to disuse atrophy. (wikipedia.org)
- This condition falls into two categories: disuse atrophy, in which the loss of muscle tissue is due to reduced physical activity, and neurogenic atrophy, in which the nerve that connects to the muscle is injured or diseased. (livestrong.com)
- Disuse atrophy occurs in office workers because they get little exercise sitting all day. (livestrong.com)
- Disuse atrophy is a natural consequence of aging, but this does not mean that you should passively accept lost strength. (livestrong.com)
- Multiple illnesses, such as arthritis, can trigger disuse atrophy because patients become inactive or spend a lot of time in bed. (livestrong.com)
- According to a 2002 study done by researchers at the School of Nursing at the Johns Hopkins University, disuse atrophy begins within four hours after bed rest commences. (livestrong.com)
Hippocampal atrophy3
- These results suggest that depression is associated with hippocampal atrophy, perhaps due to a progressive process mediated by glucocorticoid neurotoxicity. (pnas.org)
- We also found that the levels of the protein products of these genes, circulating in the peripheral blood, were associated with the cortical and hippocampal atrophy," she said. (psychcentral.com)
- an extensive literature suggests that hippocampal atrophy of the magnitude found in these disorders can give rise to such cognitive deficits. (nih.gov)
Occurs12
- When it occurs as a result of disease or loss of trophic support due to other disease, it is termed pathological atrophy , although it can be a part of normal body development and homeostasis as well. (wikipedia.org)
- Muscle atrophy occurs by a change in the normal balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. (wikipedia.org)
- One symptom of SMA that might not be as obvious is the muscle thinning that occurs because they aren't being used (this is the atrophy part of the disorder). (kidshealth.org)
- Most cases of Alzheimer's disease occur in people age 65 or older, whereas the onset of posterior cortical atrophy commonly occurs between ages 50 and 65. (alz.org)
- In a series of experiments in long-term diabetic patients, we have observed that muscle weakness in the lower-leg muscles occurs to a substantial degree in chronic neuropathic patients, closely related to muscle atrophy, whereas nonneuropathic patients have normal muscle strength and striated muscle mass ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Vaginal atrophy occurs most often after menopause. (mayoclinic.org)
- Vaginal atrophy normally occurs in older women who have finished their menopausal stage. (wisegeek.com)
- When it occurs as a result of disease or loss of trophic support because of other diseases, it is termed pathological atrophy, although it can be a part of normal body development and homeostasis as well. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, gray matter atrophy occurs early in the temporal, parietal, and limbic cortices before spreading to involve frontal and occipital regions in Alzheimer disease ( 17 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Vaginal bleeding often occurs in patients with vulvovaginal atrophy after intercourse. (wisegeek.com)
- Disuse causes rapid muscle atrophy and often occurs during injury or illness that requires immobilization of a limb or bed rest. (wikipedia.org)
- Neurogenic atrophy is the most severe form of muscle atrophy and occurs more suddenly. (livestrong.com)
Cerebral atrophy9
- Cerebral atrophy is a common form of degeneration that begins when brain cells and brain tissue begin to waste away. (wisegeek.com)
- Alzheimer's disease is a type of focal cerebral atrophy. (wisegeek.com)
- Mild diffuse cerebral atrophy is a symptomatic brain condition generally involving the loss, or deterioration of, neurons and the connections between them, usually indicating the presence of other brain diseases. (reference.com)
- Focal, or localized, cerebral atrophy results in decreased functionality in that area of the brain. (reference.com)
- Cerebral atrophy can be caused by injury or disease. (reference.com)
- According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, cerebral atrophy is commonly associated with many diseases that affect the brain, including Alzheimer's disease, cerebral palsy, Huntington's disease, leukodystrophies, mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, multiple sclerosis, and infectious diseases such as AIDS and encephalitis.Symptoms often include dementia, seizures and a group of language disorders called aphasias. (reference.com)
- Research has been conducted to determine causes for neuron deterioration and atrophy within the brain in the hope of developing preventative measures, treatments and even cures for the diseases that cause cerebral atrophy. (reference.com)
- Cerebral atrophy is a condition in which an individual continuously loses brain cells, according to Healthgrades. (reference.com)
- Cerebral Atrophy! (healingwell.com)
Vulvovaginal atrophy9
- With symptoms such as dryness, burning, or itching of the vagina, vulvovaginal atrophy is estimated to affect up to 98% of postmenopausal women, many of whom will fail to report symptoms to their healthcare providers or seek help. (news-medical.net)
- The prevalence of vulvovaginal atrophy is about 75% to 90% among postmenopausal women and therefore, all of us are affected. (webmd.com)
- Vulvovaginal atrophy is the thinning of tissue in the vulva and vagina. (wisegeek.com)
- Symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy are most often treated with vaginal moisturizers and lubricants. (wisegeek.com)
- Most cases of vulvovaginal atrophy develop during key hormonal points in a woman's life. (wisegeek.com)
- Research has found that non-vaginal delivery during birth increases the risk of vulvovaginal atrophy. (wisegeek.com)
- Smoking is another risk factor for vulvovaginal atrophy. (wisegeek.com)
- In most cases, the severity of vulvovaginal atrophy is low enough to be non-threatening and does not require medical attention. (wisegeek.com)
- More serious cases of vulvovaginal atrophy, however, will require a significant increase in estrogen levels in order to eliminate any vaginal discomfort. (wisegeek.com)
Severe7
- This type of atrophy can usually be reversed with exercise unless severe. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, diseases such as cancer and AIDS induce a body wasting syndrome called cachexia , which is notable for the severe muscle atrophy seen. (wikipedia.org)
- Another type - closer to 'ill-feeding' - is ischaemic atrophy from deprivation of blood supply, such as may happen in parts of the brain after stroke or severe head injury, or in heart muscle in coronary artery disease . (encyclopedia.com)
- In severe atrophy this may allow the brainstem to be tugged/pushed over toward the atrophied side, compressing the cerebral crus against the tentorial edge and causing weakness in a fashion similar to that which generates Kernohan's notch and hemiplegia ipsilateral to large supratentorial mass lesions. (bio.net)
- Doctors often prescribe estrogen creams to women with severe postmenopausal vaginal atrophy . (wisegeek.com)
- Optic nerve atrophy (ONA) is mild to severe damage to the optic nerve that can adversely affect central vision, peripheral vision and color vision. (aapos.org)
- The longer these genes are active, the more severe the atrophy becomes. (prnewswire.com)
Implicated in muscle atrophy2
- Previous work had found that the denervated muscles were more responsive to the cytokine TWEAK, and the same group now reports that the scaffold and ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 is involved in the activation of various signaling molecules implicated in muscle atrophy, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). (sciencemag.org)
- In response to denervation or the model of cancer-induced cachexia, TRAF6-depleted muscles also showed significantly less or no transcriptional induction of genes encoding two ubiquitin ligases implicated in muscle atrophy, as well as of genes encoding proteins involved in autophagy. (sciencemag.org)
Diagnosis1
- Optic nerve atrophy (ONA) is a clinical sign that is not specific for any single pathology and is therefore not an etiologic diagnosis. (unboundmedicine.com)
Genetic2
- Similar to Alzheimer's disease, the causes of posterior cortical atrophy are unknown, and no obvious genetic mutations have been shown to be linked to the condition. (alz.org)
- Using magnetic resonance imaging tools to measure brain size and genetic analysis, the researchers looked for associations between the genetic variants and atrophy in the cortical and hippocampal regions of the brain, which are established physical biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. (psychcentral.com)
Leads to muscle weakness3
- When a muscle atrophies, this leads to muscle weakness, since the ability to exert force is related to mass. (wikipedia.org)
- This damage keeps the muscle from contracting, which leads to muscle weakness and atrophy. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- Muscle atrophy leads to muscle weakness and causes disability. (wikipedia.org)
Vaginal Dryness1
- Some women with vaginal atrophy might also develop urinary problems, and probiotics might also be helpful in managing vaginal dryness. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Cause muscle atrophy2
- In multiple paradigms that cause muscle atrophy (denervation or mouse models of cancer-induced cachexia or diabetes), TRAF6 transcription, protein abundance, and ubiquitylation increased in the atrophying muscles. (sciencemag.org)
- The present pilot study is designed to assess the extent to which BOTOX and MYOBLOC cause muscle atrophy in spastic patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Decreases1
- Smoking decreases estrogen levels and increases the risk of developing vaginal atrophy, as well as other conditions, such as osteoporosis . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Skeletal muscle7
- Other syndromes or conditions which can induce skeletal muscle atrophy are congestive heart failure and liver disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Other syndromes or conditions which can induce skeletal muscle atrophy are liver disease, and starvation. (wikipedia.org)
- Skeletal muscle atrophy is a major health concern and can be caused by denervation, immobility, or chronic disease states, such as diabetes and cancer. (sciencemag.org)
- Muscle atrophy is the loss of skeletal muscle mass. (wikipedia.org)
- According to a study published in the "American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinology & Metabolism," skeletal muscle atrophy is common among as many as two-thirds of alcohol abusers. (livestrong.com)
- Women tend to be more susceptible to skeletal muscle atrophy. (livestrong.com)
- Skeletal muscle atrophy is further exacerbated by malnutrition, which is also common among alcohol abusers. (livestrong.com)
Lead to atrophy2
- Also, time in a circa zero g environment without exercise will lead to atrophy. (wikipedia.org)
- extensive TV viewing may lead to atrophy of children's imaginations. (encyclopedia.com)
Known as atrophy1
- When the muscles don't get direction on how to move, they become inactive, get smaller, and begin to waste away (a condition known as atrophy). (kidshealth.org)
Autosomal1
- Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by delayed development, moderate intellectual disability, and optic atrophy. (nih.gov)
Disease13
- Causes of atrophy include mutations (which can destroy the gene to build up the organ), poor nourishment, poor circulation , loss of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply to the target organ , excessive amount of apoptosis of cells, and disuse or lack of exercise or disease intrinsic to the tissue itself. (wikipedia.org)
- Examples of atrophying nerve diseases include Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease , poliomyelitis , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease), and Guillain-Barré syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
- It is not known whether posterior cortical atrophy is a unique disease or a possible variant form of Alzheimer's disease. (alz.org)
- In many people with posterior cortical atrophy, the affected part of the brain shows amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, similar to the changes that occur in Alzheimer's disease but in a different part of the brain. (alz.org)
- In other people with posterior cortical atrophy, however, the brain changes resemble other diseases such as Lewy body dementia or a form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease . (alz.org)
- Some studies have found that about 5 percent of people diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease have posterior cortical atrophy. (alz.org)
- There is an ongoing discussion in the field whether posterior cortical atrophy should be considered a form of Alzheimer's disease or a distinct disease entity. (alz.org)
- Furthermore, people with posterior cortical atrophy have degeneration in different parts of the brain than people with typical forms of Alzheimer's disease, although there is often overlap between the two conditions. (alz.org)
- It is also not known if the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease are also risk factors for posterior cortical atrophy. (alz.org)
- Because posterior cortical atrophy resembles Alzheimer's disease in some patients, it has been suggested that drugs used to temporarily alleviate brain dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease may be helpful in posterior cortical atrophy, but this is not proven. (alz.org)
- CONCLUSIONS Cortical atrophy in T2DM resembles patterns seen in preclinical Alzheimer disease. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Optic atrophy is not a disease, but rather a sign of a potentially more serious condition. (clevelandclinic.org)
- In contrast, cachexia is a wasting syndrome caused by an underlying disease such as cancer that causes dramatic muscle atrophy and cannot be completely reversed with nutritional therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Genes4
- The study is believed to be the first to directly link common variants of the genes - ABCA7 and MA4A6A - to atrophy in cortical and hippocampal regions of the brain, which are associated with memory and other key functions, according to the researcher. (psychcentral.com)
- It's also believed to be the first to link the atrophy to protein levels in the blood produced by the genes. (psychcentral.com)
- Eliminating or reducing the activity of these genes would block or reduce the atrophy response, which could be an attractive new strategy for addressing loss of heart muscle during extended periods of space travel. (prnewswire.com)
- More research is needed to develop methods or drugs that can interrupt this signaling pathway through these genes to stop cardiac atrophy once detected. (prnewswire.com)
Estrogen6
- Atrophy of the breasts can occur with prolonged estrogen reduction, as with anorexia nervosa or menopause . (wikipedia.org)
- Testicular atrophy can occur with prolonged use of enough exogenous sex steroids (either androgen or estrogen ) to reduce gonadotropin secretion. (wikipedia.org)
- Newly released patient satisfaction survey results from a study of a novel investigational vaginal estrogen treatment show promise for improving quality of life and satisfaction for postmenopausal women who experience pain during sex and other symptoms associated with vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA). (news-medical.net)
- Vaginal atrophy can occur at any age, although one main cause is reduced estrogen production in the ovaries during menopause . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Women with premenopause alongside other medical conditions that reduce the levels of estrogen in the body can also develop vaginal atrophy. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis) is thinning, drying and inflammation of the vaginal walls that may occur when your body has less estrogen. (mayoclinic.org)
Neurogenic2
- Neurogenic atrophy, which has a similar effect, is muscle atrophy resulting from damage to the nerve which stimulates the muscle, causing a shriveling around otherwise healthy limbs. (wikipedia.org)
- The most difficult type of muscle atrophy to treat is neurogenic atrophy, in which nerves connected to the muscles are diseased or injured, but patient advocacy groups often have exercise ideas. (livestrong.com)
Occur3
- Pathologic atrophy of muscles can occur with diseases of the motor nerves or diseases of the muscle tissue itself. (wikipedia.org)
- Besides problems with sex, urinary tract infections (UTI), vaginal infections, and having pelvic exams by the gynecologist are other problems that can occur from having vaginal atrophy. (webmd.com)
- The displacement and/or distortion of the pupil characteristic of essential iris atrophy does not occur in Cogan corneal dystrophy. (rarediseases.org)
Degeneration4
- Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) refers to gradual and progressive degeneration of the outer layer of the brain (the cortex) in the part of the brain located in the back of the head (posterior). (alz.org)
- Atrophy is a degeneration of either all or one part of the body, and is often referred to as "wasting. (wisegeek.com)
- Essential iris atrophy is a very rare, progressive disorder of the eye characterized by a pupil that is out of place and/or distorted areas of degeneration on the iris (atrophy), and/or holes in the iris. (rarediseases.org)
- Major symptoms of essential iris atrophy may include a displaced and/or distorted pupil, patchy areas of degeneration (atrophy) on the iris, and/or holes in the iris. (rarediseases.org)
Cerbral atrophy2
- What is cerbral atrophy? (reference.com)
- It is odd thought since cerbral atrophy is a factor of MS you would think there would be more discussions about it. (healingwell.com)
Geographic atrophy6
- With no FDA-approved therapies yet for the treatment of geographic atrophy (GA), some companies and institutions, eager to change that fact, are initiating or resurrecting past research approaches to discern effective methods of combating this advanced form of dry AMD. (wabi.tv)
- Almost a decade ago, Allergan (Dublin) began to study its glaucoma drug brimonidine (now known as Alphagan) as a potential treatment for Geographic Atrophy because it had demonstrated neuroprotective qualities in the company's animal studies. (wabi.tv)
- His conclusion: Inhibiting the FAS-pathway through medical intervention is key to stopping unwanted photoreceptor cell death (apoptosis) in retinal detachment, wet and dry AMD, geographic atrophy, and diabetic retinopathy. (wabi.tv)
- Dr. Zacks says ONL1204 should also be able to provide neuroprotection in geographic atrophy, treating the root cause of vision loss which is photoreceptor cell death. (wabi.tv)
- The Janssen (Beerse, Belgium) drug development division of Johnson & Johnson has for several years been pursuing an initiative using cell therapy in an attempt to reverse the vision loss associated with geographic atrophy. (wabi.tv)
- Bilateral geographic atrophy: Spontaneous visual improvement afte. (ingentaconnect.com)
Cerebellar atrophy1
- Winkler C. A case of olivo-pontine cerebellar atrophy and our conceptions of neo- and palaio-cerebellum. (medscape.com)
Cortical13
- Posterior Cortical Atrophy A topic in the Alzheimer's Association series on understanding dementia. (alz.org)
- Both cortical and central atrophy were rated on CT scan. (bio.net)
- There is no standard definition of posterior cortical atrophy and no established diagnostic criteria, and so it is not possible to know how many people have the condition. (alz.org)
- However, because posterior cortical atrophy often goes unrecognized, the true percentage may be as high as 15 percent. (alz.org)
- Researchers and physicians are working to establish a standard definition and diagnostic criteria for posterior cortical atrophy (PDF). (alz.org)
- The symptoms of posterior cortical atrophy can vary from one person to the next and can change as the condition progresses. (alz.org)
- Other symptoms can include difficulty performing mathematical calculations or spelling, and many people with posterior cortical atrophy experience anxiety, possibly because they know something is wrong. (alz.org)
- In the early stages of posterior cortical atrophy, most people do not have markedly reduced memory, but memory can be affected in later stages. (alz.org)
- Misdiagnosis of posterior cortical atrophy is common, owing to its relative rarity and unusual and variable presentation. (alz.org)
- Additionally, people with posterior cortical atrophy frequently first seek the opinion of an ophthalmologist who may indicate a normal eye examination by their usual tests. (alz.org)
- There are no standard diagnostic criteria for posterior cortical atrophy, although diagnostic criteria are being developed (PDF). (alz.org)
- Brain imaging has shown that the posterior cortex is thinner in people with posterior cortical atrophy than healthy people of the same age. (alz.org)
- There are no treatments for posterior cortical atrophy known to slow or halt its progression. (alz.org)
Optic nerve4
- Optic atrophy is a condition that affects the optic nerve, which carries impulses from the eye to the brain. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Optic atrophy results from damage to the optic nerve from many different kinds of pathologies. (clevelandclinic.org)
- How is optic nerve atrophy diagnosed? (aapos.org)
- What else can be done for a child with optic nerve atrophy? (aapos.org)
Atrophic3
- Vaginal Atrophy (Atrophic Vaginitis) Pipeline Therapeutics. (mynewsdesk.com)
- This report provides comprehensive information on the therapeutic development for Vaginal Atrophy (Atrophic Vaginitis), complete with comparative analysis at various stages, therapeutics assessment by drug target, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA) and molecule type, along with latest updates, and featured news and press releases. (mynewsdesk.com)
- It also reviews key players involved in the therapeutic development for Vaginal Atrophy (Atrophic Vaginitis) and special features on late-stage and discontinued projects. (mynewsdesk.com)
Menopause4
- Atrophy also happens in the normal course of events to cells or tissues which have fulfilled their useful life (such as umbilical blood vessels after birth or ovaries after the menopause) or as cells die off progressively with age (as in kidneys and brain). (encyclopedia.com)
- Anyone who develops symptoms of clitoral atrophy during menopause or after a hysterectomy should let their doctor know. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Because the condition causes both vaginal and urinary symptoms, doctors use the term "genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)" to describe vaginal atrophy and its accompanying symptoms. (mayoclinic.org)
- This atrophy, and that of the breasts concurrently, is consistent with the homeostatic (normal development) role of atrophy in general, as after menopause the body has no further functional biological need to maintain the reproductive system which it has permanently shut down. (wikipedia.org)
Lower extremity1
- I have not read this anywhere, nor have I ever heard of a correlation between temporal atrophy and lower extremity weakness, but the phenomenon associated with Kernahan's notch is well established. (bio.net)
Protein8
- During atrophy, there is a down-regulation of protein synthesis pathways, and an activation of protein degradation. (wikipedia.org)
- The particular protein degradation pathway which seems to be responsible for much of the muscle loss seen in a muscle undergoing atrophy is the ATP-dependent ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. (wikipedia.org)
- Microscopy studies have shown that structures referred to as glial inclusion bodies are seen in cells affected by this atrophy and that these bodies over-express a protein called alpha-synuclein. (news-medical.net)
- Although muscle-specific knockout of TRAF6 did not cause any overt muscle phenotypes, muscle atrophy due to denervation was mostly prevented by TRAF6 depletion, on the basis of muscle mass, histology, force production, and specific protein degradation. (sciencemag.org)
- Testing on mice showed that it blocked the activity of a protein present in the muscle that is involved in muscle atrophy. (wikipedia.org)
- Lower levels of the protein results in loss of function of neuronal cells in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and subsequent system-wide atrophy of skeletal muscles . (wikipedia.org)
- Muscle atrophy results from an imbalance between protein synthesis and protein degradation, although the mechanisms are incompletely understood and are variable depending on the cause. (wikipedia.org)
- The overexpression of thrombospondin-1 in the hearts of mice lead to rapid and lethal loss of heart mass, called atrophy, by directly activating the signaling protein called PERK. (prnewswire.com)
Malnutrition2
- Long-term malnutrition can lead to muscle atrophy and 'body wasting syndrome. (wisegeek.com)
- Malnutrition first causes fat loss but may progress to muscle atrophy in prolonged starvation and can be reversed with nutritional therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Muscles get smaller2
- It also causes atrophy, where the muscles get smaller. (medicinenet.com)
- Over time, the muscles get smaller (atrophy) from not being used. (seattlechildrens.org)
Pathways1
- Finally, the activation of NF-κB in TRAF6-knockout mouse embryo fibroblasts by TWEAK was mostly abolished, which suggests that TRAF6 is likely to link this atrophy-inducing cytokine to downstream signaling pathways. (sciencemag.org)
Syndrome3
- Primary mixed atrophy is observed in patients with cryptorchidism (both in cryptorchid testis as well as in contralateral testis), in patients with retractile testes, and in patients with chromosomal abnormalities (Down's syndrome, 47XXY, 46XX, giant Y chromosome, and Klinefelter's syndrome). (auanet.org)
- The ICE syndromes (essential iris atrophy, Chandler syndrome, and Cogan-Reese syndrome) are distinct from one another. (rarediseases.org)
- CS is one of three syndromes affecting the eyes (progressive iris atrophy and Cogan-Reese syndrome are the other two) that make up the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (ICE syndrome). (rarediseases.org)