Myosins
A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.
Myosin Light Chains
The smaller subunits of MYOSINS that bind near the head groups of MYOSIN HEAVY CHAINS. The myosin light chains have a molecular weight of about 20 KDa and there are usually one essential and one regulatory pair of light chains associated with each heavy chain. Many myosin light chains that bind calcium are considered "calmodulin-like" proteins.
Heart Ventricles
Myosin Heavy Chains
Myosin Type II
Myosin Subfragments
Parts of the myosin molecule resulting from cleavage by proteolytic enzymes (PAPAIN; TRYPSIN; or CHYMOTRYPSIN) at well-localized regions. Study of these isolated fragments helps to delineate the functional roles of different parts of myosin. Two of the most common subfragments are myosin S-1 and myosin S-2. S-1 contains the heads of the heavy chains plus the light chains and S-2 contains part of the double-stranded, alpha-helical, heavy chain tail (myosin rod).
Myocardium
Myosin Type V
Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA
Myosin Type I
Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB
Actins
Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.
Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase
An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain phosphate and ADP, and requires calcium and CALMODULIN. The 20-kDa light chain is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors. The enzyme plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.
Actomyosin
Myosin Type III
A subclass of myosins originally found in the photoreceptor of DROSOPHILA. The heavy chains can occur as two alternatively spliced isoforms of 132 and 174 KDa. The amino terminal of myosin type III is highly unusual in that it contains a protein kinase domain which may be an important component of the visual process.
Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings
Regulation of chamber-specific gene expression in the developing heart by Irx4. (1/12)
The vertebrate heart consists of two types of chambers, the atria and the ventricles, which differ in their contractile and electrophysiological properties. Little is known of the molecular mechanisms by which these chambers are specified during embryogenesis. Here a chicken iroquois-related homeobox gene, Irx4, was identified that has a ventricle-restricted expression pattern at all stages of heart development. Irx4 protein was shown to regulate the chamber-specific expression of myosin isoforms by activating the expression of the ventricle myosin heavy chain-1 (VMHC1) and suppressing the expression of the atrial myosin heavy chain-1 (AMHC1) in the ventricles. Thus, Irx4 may play a critical role in establishing chamber-specific gene expression in the developing heart. (+info)Sequential programs of retinoic acid synthesis in the myocardial and epicardial layers of the developing avian heart. (2/12)
Endogenous patterns of retinoic acid (RA) signaling in avian cardiac morphogenesis were characterized by localized expression of a key RA-synthetic enzyme, RALDH2, which displayed a biphasic pattern during heart development. RALDH2 immunoreactivity was initially apparent posterior to Hensen's node of stage 5-6 embryos and subsequently in somites and unsegmented paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm overlapping atrial precursors in the cardiogenic plate of stage 9- embryos. Initial RALDH2 synthesis in the posterior myocardium coincided with activation of the AMHC1 gene, a RA-responsive marker of inflow heart segments. A wave of RALDH2 synthesis then swept the myocardium in a posterior-to-anterior direction, reaching the outflow tract by stage 13, then fading from the myocardial layer. The second phase of RALDH2 expression, initiated at stage 18 in the proepicardial organ, persisted in migratory epicardial cells that completely enveloped the heart by stage 24. Early restriction of RALDH2 expression to the posterior cardiogenic plate, overlapping RA-inducible gene activation, provides evidence for commitment of posterior avian heart segments by localized production of RA, whereas subsequent RALDH2 expression exclusively in the migratory epicardium suggests a role for the morphogen in ventricular expansion and morphogenesis of underlying myocardial tissues. (+info)Ventricular expression of tbx5 inhibits normal heart chamber development. (3/12)
The T-box gene tbx5 is expressed in the developing heart, forelimb, eye, and liver in vertebrate embryos during critical stages of morphogenesis and patterning. In humans, mutations in the TBX5 gene have been associated with Holt-Oram syndrome, which is characterized by developmental anomalies in the heart and forelimbs. In chicken and mouse embryos, tbx5 expression is initiated at the earliest stages of heart formation throughout the heart primordia and is colocalized with other cardiac transcription factors such as nkx-2.5 and GATA4. As the heart differentiates, tbx5 expression is restricted to the posterior sinoatrial segments of the heart, consistent with the timing of atrial chamber determination. The correlation between tbx5 expression and atrial lineage determination was examined in retinoic acid (RA)-treated chicken embryos. tbx5 expression is maintained throughout the hearts of RA-treated embryos under conditions that also expand atrial-specific gene expression. The downstream effects of persistent tbx5 expression in the ventricles were examined directly in transgenic mice. Embryos that express tbx5 driven by a beta-myosin heavy chain promoter throughout the primitive heart tube were generated. Loss of ventricular-specific gene expression and retardation of ventricular chamber morphogenesis were observed in these embryos. These studies provide direct evidence for an essential role for tbx5 in early heart morphogenesis and chamber-specific gene expression. (+info)Irx4 forms an inhibitory complex with the vitamin D and retinoic X receptors to regulate cardiac chamber-specific slow MyHC3 expression. (4/12)
The slow myosin heavy chain 3 gene (slow MyHC3) is restricted in its expression to the atrial chambers of the heart. Understanding its regulation provides a basis for determination of the mechanisms controlling chamber-specific gene expression in heart development. The observed chamber distribution results from repression of slow MyHC3 gene expression in the ventricles. A binding site, the vitamin D response element (VDRE), for a heterodimer of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoic X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) within the slow MyHC3 promoter mediates chamber-specific expression of the gene. Irx4, an Iroquois family homeobox gene whose expression is restricted to the ventricular chambers at all stages of development, inhibits AMHC1, the chick homolog of quail slow MyHC3, gene expression within developing ventricles. Repression of the slow MyHC3 gene in ventricular cardiomyocytes by Irx4 requires the VDRE. Unlike VDR and RXR alpha, Irx4 does not bind directly to the VDRE. Instead two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays show that Irx4 interacts with the RXR alpha component of the VDR/RXR alpha heterodimer and that the amino terminus of the Irx4 protein is required for its inhibitory action. These observations indicate that the mechanism of atrial chamber-specific expression requires the formation of an inhibitory protein complex composed of VDR, RXR alpha, and Irx4 that binds at the VDRE inhibiting slow MyHC3 expression in the ventricles. (+info)Microarray expression analysis of effects of exercise training: increase in atrial MLC-1 in rat ventricles. (5/12)
Previous studies have shown that endurance exercise training increases myocardial contractility. We have previously described training-induced alterations in myocardial contractile function at the cellular level, including an increase in the Ca(2+) sensitivity of tension. To determine the molecular mechanism(s) of these changes, oligonucleotide microarrays were used to analyze the gene expression profile in ventricles from endurance-trained rats. We used an 11-wk treadmill training protocol that we have previously shown results in increased contractility in cardiac myocytes. After the training, the hearts were removed and RNA was isolated from the ventricles of nine trained and nine control rats. With the use of an Affymetrix Rat Genome U34A Array, we detected altered expression of 27 genes. Several genes previously found to have increased expression in hypertrophied myocardium, such as atrial natriuretic factor and skeletal alpha-actin, were decreased with training in this study. From the standpoint of altered contractile performance, the most significant finding was an increase in the expression of atrial myosin light chain 1 (aMLC-1) in the trained ventricular tissue. We confirmed microarray results for aMLC-1 using RT-PCR and also confirmed a training-induced increase in aMLC-1 protein using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. aMLC-1 content has been previously shown to be increased in human cardiac hypertrophy and has been associated with increased Ca(2+) sensitivity of tension and increased power output. These results suggest that increased expression of aMLC-1 in response to training may be responsible, at least in part, for previously observed training-induced enhancement of contractile function. (+info)Increased Ca2+-sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in end-stage human heart failure results from altered phosphorylation of contractile proteins. (6/12)
OBJECTIVE: The alterations in contractile proteins underlying enhanced Ca(2+)-sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in end-stage failing human myocardium are still not resolved. In the present study an attempt was made to reveal to what extent protein alterations contribute to the increased Ca(2+)-responsiveness in human heart failure. METHODS: Isometric force and its Ca(2+)-sensitivity were studied in single left ventricular myocytes from non-failing donor (n=6) and end-stage failing (n=10) hearts. To elucidate which protein alterations contribute to the increased Ca(2+)-responsiveness isoform composition and phosphorylation status of contractile proteins were analysed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western immunoblotting. RESULTS: Maximal tension did not differ between myocytes obtained from donor and failing hearts, while Ca(2+)-sensitivity of the contractile apparatus (pCa(50)) was significantly higher in failing myocardium (deltapCa(50)=0.17). Protein analysis indicated that neither re-expression of atrial light chain 1 and fetal troponin T (TnT) nor degradation of myosin light chains and troponin I (TnI) are responsible for the observed increase in Ca(2+)-responsiveness. An inverse correlation was found between pCa(50) and percentage of phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 (MLC-2), while phosphorylation of MLC-1 and TnT did not differ between donor and failing hearts. Incubation of myocytes with protein kinase A decreased Ca(2+)-sensitivity to a larger extent in failing (deltapCa(50)=0.20) than in donor (deltapCa(50)=0.03) myocytes, abolishing the difference in Ca(2+)-responsiveness. An increased percentage of dephosphorylated TnI was found in failing hearts, which significantly correlated with the enhanced Ca(2+)-responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS: The increased Ca(2+)-responsiveness of the contractile apparatus in end-stage failing human hearts cannot be explained by a shift in contractile protein isoforms, but results from the complex interplay between changes in the phosphorylation status of MLC-2 and TnI. (+info)Mutation of weak atrium/atrial myosin heavy chain disrupts atrial function and influences ventricular morphogenesis in zebrafish. (7/12)
The embryonic vertebrate heart is composed of two major chambers, a ventricle and an atrium, each of which has a characteristic size, shape and functional capacity that contributes to efficient circulation. Chamber-specific gene expression programs are likely to regulate key aspects of chamber formation. Here, we demonstrate that epigenetic factors also have a significant influence on chamber morphogenesis. Specifically, we show that an atrium-specific contractility defect has a profound impact on ventricular development. We find that the zebrafish locus weak atrium encodes an atrium-specific myosin heavy chain that is required for atrial myofibrillar organization and contraction. Despite their atrial defects, weak atrium mutants can maintain circulation through ventricular contraction. However, the weak atrium mutant ventricle becomes unusually compact, exhibiting a thickened myocardial wall, a narrow lumen and changes in myocardial gene expression. As weak atrium/atrial myosin heavy chain is expressed only in the atrium, the ventricular phenotypes in weak atrium mutants represent a secondary response to atrial dysfunction. Thus, not only is cardiac form essential for cardiac function, but there also exists a reciprocal relationship in which function can influence form. These findings are relevant to our understanding of congenital defects in cardiac chamber morphogenesis. (+info)Tyrosine hydroxylase is expressed during early heart development and is required for cardiac chamber formation. (8/12)
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Unconventional myosin-Va
New strategies targeting Kv1.5 current through MYO5A and MYO5B in human atrial fibrillation (AF) are being studied. Over ... Rodriguez OC, Cheney RE (Mar 2002). "Human myosin-Vc is a novel class V myosin expressed in epithelial cells". Journal of Cell ... Myosin Va is highly expressed in the nervous system and it is present in almost the entire brain. MY5A perform an important ... Defects in Myosin Va are associated with Griscelli syndrome type 1, also known as Elejalde syndrome a rare autosomal recessive ...
MYL7
Atrial Light Chain-2 (ALC-2) also known as Myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform (MLC2a) is a protein that in humans ... In a canine model of atrial fibrillation, decreased atrial contractility was associated with decreased ALC-2 and myosin binding ... "Effects of total replacement of atrial myosin light chain-2 with the ventricular isoform in atrial myocytes of transgenic mice ... Doevendans PA, Bronsaer R, Lozano PR, Kubalak S, van Bilsen M (2000). "The murine atrial myosin light chain-2 gene: a member of ...
Congenital heart defect
Mutations of a heart muscle protein, α-myosin heavy chain (MYH6) are associated with atrial septal defects. Several proteins ... Cells in part of the septum primum die creating a hole while muscle cells, the "septum secundum", grow along the right atrial ... Mutations of all these proteins are associated with both atrial and ventricular septal defects; In addition, NKX2-5 is ... Aortic stenosis Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy Atrial septal defect (ASD) Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD ...
MYL4
Shift in atrial myosin heavy chains and in ventricular myosin light chains" (PDF). European Heart Journal. 5 Suppl F: 85-93. ... "Expression of atrial myosin light chains but not alpha-myosin heavy chains is correlated in vivo with increased ventricular ... "Entrez Gene: MYL4 myosin, light chain 4, alkali; atrial, embryonic". "Protein sequence of human MYL4 (Uniprot ID: P12829)". ... Abdelaziz AI, Pagel I, Schlegel WP, Kott M, Monti J, Haase H, Morano I (2005). "Human atrial myosin light chain 1 expression ...
MYL3
... and cardiac atrial muscle (MYL4). Ventricular ELC is part of the myosin molecule and is important in modulating cardiac muscle ... "Molecular cloning and characterization of human atrial and ventricular myosin alkali light chain cDNA clones". The Journal of ... "The possible role of myosin A1 light chain in the weakening of actin-myosin interaction". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA ... Myosin essential light chain (ELC), ventricular/cardiac isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYL3 gene. This ...
MYL2
... and cardiac atrial muscle (MYL7). Ventricular myosin light chain-2 (MLC-2v) refers to the ventricular cardiac muscle form of ... Myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform (MLC-2) also known as the regulatory light chain of myosin ... MLC-2v interacts with the neck/tail region of the muscle thick filament protein myosin to regulate myosin motility and function ... MLC-2v phosphorylation at Ser14 and Ser15 increases myosin lever arm stiffness and promotes myosin head diffusion, which ...
Atrial fibrillation
This is typically due to sarcoidosis but may also be due to autoimmune disorders that create autoantibodies against myosin ... This form of atrial fibrillation occurs in people of all ages but is most common in the elderly, in those with other atrial ... In atrial fibrillation, the lack of an organized atrial contraction can result in some stagnant blood in the left atrium (LA) ... The atrial remodeling that includes the pathologic changes described above has been referred to as atrial myopathy. There are ...
MYH6
"Cardiac alpha-myosin (MYH6) is the predominant sarcomeric disease gene for familial atrial septal defects". PLOS ONE. 6 (12): ... The proposed mechanism for this is the expression of a more normalized ratio of α-myosin chain to β-myosin chain proteins. This ... It is the enzymatic activity of the ATPase in the myosin head that cyclically hydrolyzes ATP, fueling the myosin power stroke. ... and atrial regulatory light chain (MYL7). Approximately 300 myosin molecules constitute one thick filament. MHC-α isoform is ...
MYL6B
Myosin light chain 6B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYL6B gene. Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor ... the embryonic or atrial, and nonsarcomeric isoforms". Gene. 66 (1): 135-46. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(88)90231-4. PMID 2458299. ... "Entrez Gene: MYL6B myosin, light chain 6B, alkali, smooth muscle and non-muscle". Coureux PD, Sweeney HL, Houdusse A (2005). " ... 1988). "Alkali myosin light chains in man are encoded by a multigene family that includes the adult skeletal muscle, ...
Celivarone
... displays some atrial selectivity, suggesting it may be most effective at targeting atrial arrhythmias like atrial ... more actin-myosin interactions and causing an increased contractility, respectively. Mutations cause many arrhythmic conditions ... These conditions are characterized by rapid atrial rates, 400-600 bpm for atrial fibrillation and 150-300 bpm for atrial ... including atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter (AFl), and ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib). Arrhythmias can also be induced ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.776)
... myosin type ii MeSH D12.776.210.500.600.470.249 - cardiac myosins MeSH D12.776.210.500.600.470.249.249 - atrial myosins MeSH ... myosin type ii MeSH D12.776.220.525.475.475.124 - cardiac myosins MeSH D12.776.220.525.475.475.124.249 - atrial myosins MeSH ... myosin type iii MeSH D12.776.220.525.475.681 - myosin type iv MeSH D12.776.220.525.475.750 - myosin type v MeSH D12.776.220.525 ... myosin heavy chains MeSH D12.776.210.500.600.200 - myosin light chains MeSH D12.776.210.500.600.300 - myosin subfragments MeSH ...
List of MeSH codes (D08)
... myosin type ii MeSH D08.811.277.040.025.525.750.124 - cardiac myosins MeSH D08.811.277.040.025.525.750.124.249 - atrial myosins ... myosin type iii MeSH D08.811.277.040.025.525.843 - myosin type iv MeSH D08.811.277.040.025.525.875 - myosin type v MeSH D08.811 ... nonmuscle myosin type iia MeSH D08.811.277.040.025.525.750.500 - nonmuscle myosin type iib MeSH D08.811.277.040.025.525.750.750 ... skeletal muscle myosins MeSH D08.811.277.040.025.525.750.875 - smooth muscle myosins MeSH D08.811.277.040.025.525.812 - ...
List of MeSH codes (D05)
... myosin type ii MeSH D05.750.078.730.475.475.124 - cardiac myosins MeSH D05.750.078.730.475.475.124.249 - atrial myosins MeSH ... myosin type iii MeSH D05.750.078.730.475.681 - myosin type iv MeSH D05.750.078.730.475.750 - myosin type v MeSH D05.750.078.730 ... myosins MeSH D05.750.078.730.475.100 - myosin heavy chains MeSH D05.750.078.730.475.200 - myosin light chains MeSH D05.750. ... nonmuscle myosin type iia MeSH D05.750.078.730.475.475.500 - nonmuscle myosin type iib MeSH D05.750.078.730.475.475.750 - ...
ACTC1
Myosin binding increases the flexibility of actin, and cross-linking studies have shown that myosin subfragment-1 binds to ... Experiments in chick embryos found an association between ACTC1 knockdown and a reduction in the atrial septa. Polymorphisms in ... Buckingham M, Alonso S, Barton P, Cohen A, Daubas P, Garner I, Robert B, Weydert A (Dec 1986). "Actin and myosin multigene ... Bertrand R, Derancourt J, Kassab R (May 1994). "The covalent maleimidobenzoyl-actin-myosin head complex. Cross-linking of the ...
MYH10
Myosin-10 also known as myosin heavy chain 10 or non-muscle myosin IIB (NM-IIB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ... Mutations in MYH10 have been identified in patients with left atrial enlargement. NM-IIB is 228.9 kDa protein composed of 1976 ... Non-muscle myosins are expressed in a wide variety of tissues, but NM-IIB is the only non-muscle myosin II isoform expressed in ... Adelstein RS, Conti MA (Aug 1975). "Phosphorylation of platelet myosin increases actin-activated myosin ATPase activity". ...
Isosorbide dinitrate
... atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A). This stimulates the synthesis of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) which then ... eventually resulting in the dephosphorylation of the myosin light chain of the smooth muscle fiber. The subsequent ...
Actin
This arrangement allows myosin V to be an effective motor for the export of cargos, and myosin VI to be an effective motor for ... Certain defects of the atrial septum have been described recently that could also be related to these mutations. Two cases of ... Myosin V walks towards the barbed end of actin filaments, while myosin VI walks toward the pointed end. Most actin filaments ... Actin-myosin pairs can also participate in the trafficking of various membrane vesicles and organelles within the cell. Myosin ...
Milrinone
Calcium permits myosin and actin to interact which allows initiation of contraction within the cardiomyocytes. In those with ... October 2008). "Milrinone use is associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery". Circulation. 118 (16 ... PKA also phosphorylates components on myofilaments allowing actin and myosin to interact more easily and thus increasing ... use following cardiac surgery has been under some debate because of the potential increase risk of postoperative atrial ...
T-tubule
Heart failure can also cause the near-complete loss of T-tubules from atrial cardiomyocytes, reducing atrial contractility and ... They are typically located at either side of the myosin strip, at the junction of overlap (A-I junction) between the A and I ... They are found in ventricular muscle cells in most species, and in atrial muscle cells from large mammals. In cardiac muscle ... T-tubules are found in both atrial and ventricular cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes), in which they develop in the first ...
CDK13-related disorder
Atrial or ventricular septal defects are usually treated with observation but can be surgically corrected in severe cases. ... with less expression of myosin. All organs are smaller and less developed, and the embryo is reduced in size. The condition is ... Most individuals with CDK13-related disorder have congenital heart defects, typically an atrial or ventricular septal defect. ...
Calcium buffering
... within atrial myocytes is affected by ageing in large animal models, elevating sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ... In cardiac muscle cells, the most important buffers within the cytoplasm include troponin C, SERCA, calmodulin, and myosin, ... Clarke JD, Caldwell JL, Pearman CM, Eisner DA, Trafford AW, Dibb KM (October 2017). "2+ handling in old sheep atrial myocytes ... content, which could potentially contribute towards a tendency to atrial fibrillation. Calcium channel Cellular communication ( ...
Ventricular remodeling
However, atrial natriuretic peptide is thought to be cardio-protective. Remodeling of the heart is evaluated by performing an ... Besides, reduced expression of V1 myosin and L-type calcium channels on cardiac myocytes are also thought to cause cardiac ...
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
The cardiac myosin binding protein C mutation identified in Maine Coon cats has not been found in any other breed of cat with ... They may also develop a left atrial thrombus that embolizes, most commonly, to the terminal aorta creating acute pain and rear ... The first genetic mutation (in cardiac myosin binding protein C) responsible for feline HCM was discovered in 2005 in Maine ... Approximately 40% of these mutations occur in the β-myosin heavy chain gene on chromosome 14 q11.2-3, and approximately 40% ...
Kosmos 2044
Myosin Isoform Expression in Rodent Skeletal Muscle: The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of microgravity ... Measurement of Heart Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations: The objective of this experiment was to measure the cardiac ...
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
Protein kinase A then goes on to phosphorylate (and thus inactivate) myosin light-chain kinase, which causes smooth muscle ... Increases atrial cardiac muscle contractility. (inotropic effect). Increases contractility and automaticity of ventricular ...
Cardiac muscle
Myosin, in the thick filament, can then bind to actin, pulling the thick filaments along the thin filaments. When the ... There is an atrial syncytium and a ventricular syncytium that are connected by cardiac connection fibres. Electrical resistance ... These striations are caused by lighter I bands composed mainly of actin, and darker A bands composed mainly of myosin. ... Certain ion currents such as IK(UR) are highly specific to atrial cardiomyocytes, making them a potential target for treatments ...
MYL1
Myosin light chain 3, skeletal muscle isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYL1 gene. Myosin is a hexameric ... the embryonic or atrial, and nonsarcomeric isoforms". Gene. 66 (1): 135-46. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(88)90231-4. PMID 2458299. ... 1988). "Alkali myosin light chains in man are encoded by a multigene family that includes the adult skeletal muscle, ... "Entrez Gene: MYL1 myosin, light chain 1, alkali; skeletal, fast". Kelly RG, Buckingham ME (2000). "Modular regulation of the ...
Systole
Atrial systole lasts approximately 100 ms and ends prior to ventricular systole, as the atrial muscle returns to diastole. The ... Subsequently, a rise in intracellular calcium triggers the interaction of actin and myosin in the presence of ATP which ... Atrial fibrillation represents a common electrical malady in the heart that appears during the time interval of atrial systole ... Atrial contraction also referred to as the "atrial kick," contributes the remaining 20-30 percent of ventricular filling. ...
Rheumatic fever
The damaged valves may result in heart failure and also increase the risk of atrial fibrillation and infection of the valves. ... The antibodies which the immune system generates against the M protein may cross-react with heart muscle cell protein myosin, ... The damaged valves may result in heart failure, atrial fibrillation and infection of the valves. Rheumatic fever may occur ... May 2006). "Mimicry in recognition of cardiac myosin peptides by heart-intralesional T cell clones from rheumatic heart disease ...
Muscle cell
This requires a large amount of ATP, as it is used in both the attachment and release of every myosin head. Very quickly Ca2+ ... "Atrial structure, fibres and conduction" (PDF). Retrieved 5 June 2021. Saladin, Kenneth S. (2011). Human anatomy (3rd ed.). New ... In striations of muscle bands, myosin forms the dark filaments that make up the A band. Thin filaments of actin are the light ... The thin myofilaments are filaments of mostly actin and the thick filaments are of mostly myosin and they slide over each other ...
Index of biochemistry articles
... atrial natriuretic factor - atrial natriuretic factor receptor - Avogadro constant - axon B cell - bacteria - bacterial ... myosin N-formylmethionine - N-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine - N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor - N-methylaspartate - N- ...
List of OMIM disorder codes
KCNA5 Atrial septal defect 4; 611363; TBX20 Atrial septal defect 5; 612794; ACTC1 Atrial septal defect 6; 613087; TLL1 Atrial ... myosin storage; 608358; MYH7 Myopathy, nemaline, 3; 161800; ACTA1 Myopathy, proximal, with early respiratory muscle involvement ... TF Atrial fibrillation; 608583; GJA5 Atrial fibrillation, familial, 3; 607554; KCNQ1 Atrial fibrillation, familial, 4; 611493; ... KCNE2 Atrial fibrillation, familial, 6; 612201; NPPA Atrial fibrillation, familial, 7; 612240; ...
N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10
... atrial septal defect, prolonged QT interval. The boy was reported as having small hands/feet, high arched palate, and wide ... "Arrest defective-1 controls tumor cell behavior by acetylating myosin light chain kinase". PLOS ONE. 4 (10): e7451. Bibcode: ...
Dilated cardiomyopathy
The electrocardiogram often shows sinus tachycardia or atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, left atrial enlargement, ... Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C (MYBPC3), Myosin Heavy Chain 7 (MYH7), Cardiac Troponin T 2 (TNNT2), and Cardiac Troponin I ( ... As a result, those with DCM are at increased risk of atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, stroke volume is decreased and a greater ... should be considered in all patients with a dilated cardiomyopathy of uncertain origin and who have tachycardia or atrial ...
GATA4
Atrial septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, and ventricular septal defects associated with GATA4 mutation were also seen in ... Huang WY, Cukerman E, Liew CC (1995). "Identification of a GATA motif in the cardiac alpha-myosin heavy-chain-encoding gene and ... "Transcription factor GATA-4 regulates cardiac muscle-specific expression of the alpha-myosin heavy-chain gene". Mol. Cell. Biol ...
Pathophysiology of heart failure
This is due to reduced ability to cross-link actin and myosin filaments in over-stretched heart muscle. A reduced stroke volume ... early-to-atrial left ventricular filling ratio), the E (early left ventricular filling) deceleration time, and the isovolumic ... or by pathological tachyarrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response) may result in flash pulmonary ...
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Atrial contraction is responsible for around 20% of the total filling blood volume. (In atrial fibrillation, this additional 20 ... Ischemia can result in impaired relaxation of the heart; when myocytes fail to relax appropriately, myosin cross bridges remain ... Left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure increases in HFpEF due to diastolic insufficiency thus increasing pulmonary artery ... First, ventricles are filled by a pressure gradient but near the end, atria contract (atrial kick) and force more blood to pass ...
Troponin
... such that tropomyosin is rolled away from myosin-binding sites on actin, allowing myosin to attach to the thin filament and ... Troponins are commonly increased in several procedures such as cardiac surgery and heart transplantation, closure of atrial ... Myosin's binding to actin causes crossbridge formation, and contraction of the muscle begins. Troponin is found in both ... Some of this calcium attaches to troponin, which causes it to change shape, exposing binding sites for myosin (active sites) on ...
Extracellular matrix
Although the mechanism by which this is done has not been thoroughly explained, adhesion complexes and the actin-myosin ... Extracellular matrix coming from pig small intestine submucosa are being used to repair "atrial septal defects" (ASD), "patent ... Inhibition of nonmuscle myosin II blocks most of these effects, indicating that they are indeed tied to sensing the mechanical ...
List of biomolecules
Asparagine Aspartic acid Asymmetric dimethylarginine ATP synthase Atrial-natriuretic peptide (ANP) Auxin Avidin Azadirachtin A ... Metallothionein Methionine Mimosine Mithramycin A Mitomycin C Monomer Morphine Mycophenolic acid Myoglobin Myosin Mersalase ...
Impact of Genotype on the Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Whether this may impact susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF) is unresolved. To analyze the prevalence and clinical ... are not uniformly expressed in the atrial myocardium. ... myosin-binding protein C * Cardiac Myosins * Myosin Heavy ... Impact of Genotype on the Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Am J Cardiol. 2016 Apr ... At multivariate analysis, independent predictors of AF were atrial diameter (p ≤0.05) and age at diagnosis (p = 0.09), but not ...
Myosin-Activating Heart-Failure Med Advances in Small Trial
1200 pg/mL in patients with atrial fibrillation) on optimal medical therapy. Nearly everyone was on ACE inhibitors or ... Cite this: Myosin-Activating Heart-Failure Drug Shows LV Functional Gains in COSMIC-HF Trial - Medscape - Nov 20, 2015. ... Cursory results from the Chronic Oral Study of Myosin Activation to Increase Contractility in Heart Failure (COSMIC-HF) trial, ... Myosin-Activating Heart-Failure Drug Shows LV Functional Gains in COSMIC-HF Trial. ...
Impact of Genotype on the Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - American Journal of...
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation caused by Arg663His beta-cardiac myosin heavy chain mutation. ... Effects of chronic atrial fibrillation on active and passive force generation in human atrial myofibrils. ... Left atrial remodeling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and susceptibility markers for atrial fibrillation identified by ... Ranolazine in the treatment of atrial fibrillation: results of the dose-ranging RAFFAELLO (Ranolazine in Atrial Fibrillation ...
A comprehensive analysis of gene expression changes in a high replicate and open-source dataset of differentiating hiPSC...
Gorza, L. et al. Myosin types in the human heart. An immunofluorescence study of normal and hypertrophied atrial and ... Bizy, A. et al. Myosin light chain 2-based selection of human iPSC-derived early ventricular cardiac myocytes. Stem Cell Res 11 ... S3C-D and Supplementary Table S2). The myosin heavy chain genes MYH6 and MYH7 were among the relatively small set of genes with ... The collagen COL2A1, a marker of atrial cardiomyocytes6,54, decreased with age (Fig. 2E). Consistent with the known metabolic ...
MYH6 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
... myosin heavy chain. Learn about this gene and related health conditions. ... Cardiac alpha-myosin (MYH6) is the predominant sarcomeric disease gene for familial atrial septal defects. PLoS One. 2011;6(12 ... myosin, heavy chain 6, cardiac muscle, alpha. *myosin, heavy polypeptide 6, cardiac muscle, alpha (cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic ... Type II myosin helps generate the mechanical force that is needed for cardiac muscle to contract, allowing the heart to pump ...
Carney Complex Differential Diagnoses
Mutation of perinatal myosin heavy chain associated with a Carney complex variant. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jul 29. 351(5):460-9. [ ... Recurrent left atrial myxomas in Carney complex: a genetic cause of multiple strokes that can be prevented. J Stroke ... Transthoracic echocardiogram of a left atrial myxoma in an individual with Carney complex. A 42-year-old woman with a history ... Basson CT, MacRae CA, Korf B, Merliss A. Genetic heterogeneity of familial atrial myxoma syndromes (Carney complex). Am J ...
EP3350310B1 - 3d polymeric insert to apply uniform electric field in circular cultureware - Google Patents
NPL 54: McDonough, P. M. & Glembotski, C. C. Induction of atrial natriuretic factor and myosin light chain-2 gene expression in ... 102000002723 Atrial Natriuretic Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1 * 101800001288 Atrial natriuretic factor Proteins 0.000 ... 101800001866 Atrial natriuretic peptide Proteins 0.000 description 1 * 238000000846 Bartletts test Methods 0.000 description 1 ...
Felodipine: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action | DrugBank Online
Cohen CJ, Spires S, Van Skiver D: Block of T-type Ca channels in guinea pig atrial cells by antiarrhythmic agents and Ca ... Calcium-bound calmodulin then binds to and activates myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). Activated MLCK catalyzes the ... Cohen CJ, Spires S, Van Skiver D: Block of T-type Ca channels in guinea pig atrial cells by antiarrhythmic agents and Ca ... competes against nitrendipine and other DHP CCBs for DHP binding sites in vascular smooth muscle and cultured rabbit atrial ...
ESC 365 - Left atrial remodelling after septal myectomy is associated with a reduced 5-year risk of atrial fibrillation in...
Trimetazidine attenuates pressure overload-induced early cardiac energy dysfunction via regulation of neuropeptide Y system in...
AAC abdominal aortic constriction, TMZ trimetazidine, ANF atrial natriuretic factor, MHC-β β myosin heavy chain; n = 4~6 per ... and β myosin heavy chain (MHC-β), as well as NPY-1R, 2R, and 5R. Briefly, 1 μg of total RNA was reverse transcribed using 2 μg ... for subsequent analysis of the mRNA levels of myocardial hypertrophy-related genes including atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) ...
Short-term cortisol exposure alters cardiac hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic signalling in a time-dependent manner in rainbow...
... ventricular myosin heavy chain (vmhc), (E) alpha-skeletal actin 1 (acta1), (F) regulator of calcineurin 1 (rcan1), (G) atrial ... Gene specific primer sequences for rainbow trout β-actin, slow myosin light chain 2 (smlc2), ventricular myosin heavy chain ( ... ventricular myosin heavy chain (vmhc), (E) alpha-skeletal actin 1 (acta1), (F) regulator of calcineurin 1 (rcan1), (G) atrial ... ventricular myosin heavy chain (vmhc), (E) alpha-skeletal actin 1 (acta1), (F) regulator of calcineurin 1 (rcan1), (G) atrial ...
Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: What Every Cardiologist Needs to Know - American College of Cardiology
Keywords: Atrial Fibrillation, Disopyramide, Stroke Volume, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Cardiac Myosins, Contrast Media, ... Atrial Fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation can worsen exertional symptoms and increase stroke risk in patients with HCM.2 The ... Anticoagulation Management and Atrial Fibrillation, Implantable Devices, SCD/Ventricular Arrhythmias, Atrial Fibrillation/ ... Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-Analysis. Heart 2016;102 ...
DeCS
Atrial Myosin. Myosin, Atrial. Myosins, Atrial. Tree number(s):. D05.750.078.730.475.475.124.249. D08.811.277.040.025.193. ... Atrial Myosins - Preferred Concept UI. M0371732. Scope note. Myosin type II isoforms specifically found in the atrial muscle of ... Myosin type II isoforms specifically found in the atrial muscle of the heart.. ...
Диссертация на тему «Морфофункциональная характеристика тканей сердца в нормальном и экспериментально измененном эмбриогенезе...
Yutzey K.E., Rhee J.T., Bader D. Expression of the atrial-specific myosin leavy chain AMHC1 and the establishment of ... Larsen T.H. Atrial natriuretic factor in the heart of the human embryo // Acta anat. 1990. - V. 138. - № 2. - P. 132-136. ... Hibbs R.G., Ellison J.P. Effects of vagal and sympathetic stimulation on the specific atrial granules of the rat // Anat. Rec. ... Oner G., Senturk U.K., Izgut-Uysal N. The role of atrial natriuretic peptide in cadmium induced hypertension // J. Trace Elem. ...
HuGE Navigator|HuGE Literature Finder|PHGKB
C-type natriuretic peptide induces redifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells with accelerated reendothelialization<...
Myosin Heavy Chains Medicine & Life Sciences 15% * atrial natriuretic factor receptor B Medicine & Life Sciences 11% ... The Ad.CNP-treated SMCs also reexpressed particulate guanylate cyclase-A, which shows high affinity to atrial and brain ... The Ad.CNP-treated SMCs also reexpressed particulate guanylate cyclase-A, which shows high affinity to atrial and brain ... The Ad.CNP-treated SMCs also reexpressed particulate guanylate cyclase-A, which shows high affinity to atrial and brain ...
Atrial fibrillation | Dr.S.Venkatesan MD
Posts about Atrial fibrillation written by dr s venkatesan ... Atrial pathology (Atrial myocyte disarray, myosin is present in ... Posted in Atrial fibrillation, tagged atrial strain in atrial fibrillation, diastolic dysfunction, dual doppler probe in atrial ... Posted in Atrial fibrillation, Uncategorized, tagged affirm trial, atrial fibrillation, CABANA trial, fire and ice study atrial ... A presentation on atrial fibrillation : Old wine in Old bottle. Posted in Atrial fibrillation, tagged ACC AHA Atrial ...
Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes | PracticeUpdate
Myosin Inhibition in Patients With Obstructive HCM Referred for Septal Reduction Therapy: 32-Week Outcomes Circulation · ... Qualitative Analysis of Patient-Physician Discussions Regarding Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation * Associations Between ... Myosin Inhibition in Patients With Obstructive HCM Referred for Septal Reduction Therapy: 32-Week Outcomes ... Relationship Between Periodontitis and Atrial Fibrosis in AF JACC Clin Electrophysiol · November 29, 2022 ...
"Myocardial Contraction" | Glembotski...
Induction of atrial natriuretic factor and myosin light chain-2 gene expression in cultured ventricular myocytes by electrical ... Involvement of cytoplasmic calcium and protein kinases in the regulation of atrial natriuretic factor secretion by contraction ... To characterize the effects of the cellular events associated with contraction on atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) secretion, ... primary neonatal rat atrial myocytes were electrically paced to contract while being monitored for ANF release, cytoplasmic … ...
Physics Tree - William J Lehman
Doran MH, Lehman W. (2021) The Central Role of the F-Actin Surface in Myosin Force Generation. Biology. 10. ... 2022) Genetic resiliency associated with dominant lethal mutation causing atrial septal defect with high heritability. Cell ... 2020) Cryo-EM and Molecular Docking Shows Myosin Loop 4 Contacts Actin and Tropomyosin on Thin Filaments. Biophysical Journal. ...
Potential mechanisms responsible for cardioprotective effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors | Cardiovascular...
Pesquisa | Portal Regional da BVS
Gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and α- and ß-myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms was evaluated by RT-PCR. ... Echocardiography showed LV and left atrial dilation, LV diastolic and relative wall thickness decrease, and LV systolic and ... Fator Natriurético Atrial/genética , Miosinas Cardíacas/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Diabetes ...
PMID- 21949453
... continued coexpression of both the atrial and ventricular isoforms of myosin heavy chain. The developing atria and ventricle ... CONCLUSION: The right atrial modification of maze III surgery neither affects atrial refractoriness during human lone AF nor ... After completed right atrial surgery, these fibrillary intervals remained unchanged. Mean right and left atrial dispersion of ... PG - 1531-5 AB - The average interval between local depolarizations during atrial fibrillation, the so-called atrial ...
Knight Cardiovascular Institute - Publications
- Oregon Health & Science University
Publikationen | Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung - W. G. Kerckhoff-Institut
Fewer Strokes on Myosin Activator in HFrEF: GALACTIC-HF
The "decrease in atrial fib rate is probably the main mechanism, but heart failure is a prothrombotic state even in the absence ... The stroke benefit may have been the result, in part, of another finding, reduced risk for new-onset atrial fibrillation or ... Cite this: Fewer Strokes on Myosin Activator in Reduced-EF Heart Failure: GALACTIC-HF - Medscape - Nov 19, 2021. ... Fewer Strokes on Myosin Activator in Reduced-EF Heart Failure: GALACTIC-HF. ...
cardiovascular disease Archives - InsideScientific
David Barefield discusses his work investigating the role of the Myosin binding protein H-like (MyBP-HL) protein in atrial ... Investigating a Novel Regulator of Atrial Contractility. Sydney Mensen2022-10-19T12:44:28-04:00Cardiovascular, Cell & Molecular ... David Barefield gives an in-depth discussion on his research investigating the role of the MyBP-HL protein in atrial ... ExpertAnswers: David Barefield on Atrial Dysfunction. Darius Soo Lum2022-11-22T10:28:46-05:00. ...
Cocaine Toxicity: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Search | Global Index Medicus
... β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) were detected by Western blot.Result: Compared with normal group, ... Animals , Atrial Natriuretic Factor , Cardiomegaly , Mice , MicroRNAs , Genetics , Myocardium , Pathology , Myocytes, Cardiac ... Pathology , Myosin Heavy Chains , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain , Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , Rats ... After transfection of miR-130a-3p mimics, the expression of hypertrophic marker genes, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain ...
Microrna Associated with Generation, Development, and Maintenance of Atrial Fibrillation
... ß-cardiac muscle Myosin heavy chain gene (Myh7), respectively [65]. Thyroid Hormone-Associated Protein 1 (THRAP1) and myostatin ... Atrial structural remodeling. [31]. miR-133. ERK1/2 TGF- ß1 TGF-ßRII. Myoblast proliferation, myogenesis. Atrial structural ... Atrial electrical remodeling. [25]. miR-19. CTGF. Extracellular matrix, myocardial fibrosis. Atrial structural remodeling. [26] ... Atrial electrical remodeling. [29]. miR-29. COL1A1 COL3A1. Collagen secretion, inflammation. Atrial structural remodeling. [30] ...
FibrillationNatriuretic peptideHypertrophic cardiomyopathyMYH6FilamentsGenesBeta-myosinSeptal defectsPhosphorylationInhibitorMutationHeart FailureKinaseIsoformsProteins2021EncodesGeneticsHeavy chainPredictorsBindsRegulationAffinityGene expressionAtriaMarkersProtein knownPhysiologyNodeFactorsMuscleLeftType
Fibrillation19
- Whether this may impact susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF) is unresolved. (nih.gov)
- 1200 pg/mL in patients with atrial fibrillation) on optimal medical therapy. (medscape.com)
- 4,5 This analysis focuses on HCM management strategies fundamental to the care of patients with HCM: LVOTO, sudden cardiac death (SCD), atrial fibrillation, exercise restriction, and heart failure. (acc.org)
- Atrial fibrillation can worsen exertional symptoms and increase stroke risk in patients with HCM. (acc.org)
- 18 As refractory symptomatic atrial fibrillation often marks progressive disease with restrictive physiology, these patients also warrant evaluation for advanced heart failure therapies such as heart transplantation. (acc.org)
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) may sound like a simple clinical arrhythmia until we ask this delicate question. (drsvenkatesan.com)
- A mutation in the atrial-specific myosin light chain gene (MYL4) causes familial atrial fibrillation. (mpi-hlr.de)
- MiRNAs are associated with the generation, development, and maintenance of atrial fibrillation through the regulation of the gene expression on targets of ion channels, transporters, calcium binding proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, and other factors. (heraldopenaccess.us)
- Understanding the relationship between miRNAs and atrial fibrillation is critical to identifying the diagnostic markers, prognosis and therapeutic targets. (heraldopenaccess.us)
- Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia which affects quality of life drastically [1]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
- Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common persistent clinical tachyarrhythmia, is associated with altered gene transcription which underlies cardiomyocyte dysfunction, AF susceptibility and progression. (vumc.nl)
- Mixed effects of fish oil supplementation on the risks of atrial fibrillation were observed in several large-scale randomized controlled trials. (cardiologyonline.net)
- The effects of direct oral anticoagulants in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation should be assessed in actual conditions of use. (cardiologyonline.net)
- Commentary: The dream of predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation: Are we getting closer? (ctsnet.org)
- However, the impact of this phenomenon Atrial fibrillation was accompanied by a significant shift from the fast alpha-MHC isoform to the slow beta-MHC isoform, whereas both donor and failing ventricular Thyroid hormones induced changes in the level of the. (firebaseapp.com)
- Acute clenbuterol overdose resulting in supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation. (blogbrands247.com)
- Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside similar to digitoxin, is used to treat congestive heart failure and supraventricular arrhythmias due to reentry mechanisms, and to control ventricular rate in the treatment of chronic atrial fibrillation. (liu.edu)
- The presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) was a contributor to systemic thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients. (medicom-publishers.com)
- Predictors and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation developed during dobutamine stress echocardiography: A propensity score-matched comparison. (uc.edu)
Natriuretic peptide7
- The Ad.CNP-treated SMCs also reexpressed particulate guanylate cyclase-A, which shows high affinity to atrial and brain natriuretic peptide and is exclusively expressed in well-differentiated SMCs. (elsevier.com)
- After transfection of miR-130a-3p mimics, the expression of hypertrophic marker genes, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), and the cell surface area were notably down-regulated compared with the control group (mimics N.C. + NE group). (bvsalud.org)
- The expression of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP), β-myosin heavy chain(β-MHC), cystathionase (CSE), miRNA-133a, calcineurin (CaN) were detected by qRT-PCR. (bvsalud.org)
- A sex-related difference in the cardiac response to atrial natriuretic peptide has been described in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (biomedcentral.com)
- The aim of this work was to determine the expression of androgen receptor simultaneously with the expression of alpha and beta myosin heavy chain genes (Myh6 and Myh7) and atrial natriuretic peptide gene (Nppa) at prenatal and early postnatal stages of mouse heart development. (biomedcentral.com)
- The expression analyses of genes involved in homeostatic response to heart failure revealed ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) downregulation and MYH6/MYH7 (Myosin heavy chain6/7) overespression, which may undirectly indicate improved myocardial contractility. (santannapisa.it)
- Receptor for the atrial natriuretic peptide NPPA/ANP and the brain natriuretic peptide NPPB/BNP which are potent vasoactive hormones playing a key role in cardiovascular homeostasis. (cusabio.com)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy5
- Genes associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) are not uniformly expressed in the atrial myocardium. (nih.gov)
- A locus for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is closely linked to the cardiac myosin heavy chain genes, CRI-L436, and CRI-L329 on chromosome 14 at q11-q12. (musclegenetable.fr)
- A molecular basis for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an alpha/beta cardiac myosin heavy chain hybrid gene. (musclegenetable.fr)
- Mutations in the cardiac myosin binding protein-C gene on chromosome 11 cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (musclegenetable.fr)
- Cardiac myosin binding protein-C gene splice acceptor site mutation is associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (musclegenetable.fr)
MYH65
- The MYH6 gene provides instructions for making a protein known as the cardiac alpha (α)-myosin heavy chain. (medlineplus.gov)
- Most of the MYH6 gene mutations associated with ASD affect a part of the α-myosin heavy chain known as the head domain. (medlineplus.gov)
- Cardiac alpha-myosin (MYH6) is the predominant sarcomeric disease gene for familial atrial septal defects. (cdc.gov)
- The expression of AR and related genes, alpha myosin heavy chain -Myh6-, beta myosin heavy chain -Myh7- and atrial natriuretic factor -Nppa- was simultaneously evaluated by semiquantitative RT-PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
- MYH6 gene encodes the alpha heavy chain subunit of cardiac myosin (alpha-MHC), a fast (Top) SDS-PAGE of cardiac myosin heavy-chain (MyHC)-α and MyHC-β Regulation of antisense RNA expression during cardiac MHC gene switching in 173 products Compare Anti-Alpha-MHC Antibody Products from leading suppliers on anti- MHC II DR (alpha + beta chain) mouse monoclonal, Bra30, purified. (firebaseapp.com)
Filaments7
- Sarcomeres are composed of thick filaments made up of type II myosin and thin filaments made up of another protein called actin. (medlineplus.gov)
- 2020 ) Cryo-EM and Molecular Docking Shows Myosin Loop 4 Contacts Actin and Tropomyosin on Thin Filaments. (academictree.org)
- During muscular contraction the myosin heads pull the actin filaments toward one another resulting in a shortened sarcomere While the I band and H zone will. (modegame.online)
- For myosin filaments also may be made of muscle produces much muscle. (modegame.online)
- Attached to the M line are the myosin filaments which are thick bundles of myosin proteins with two globular heads. (osmosis.org)
- During a muscle contraction, the myosin heads grab onto the actin filaments, and pull them towards the M line which brings the two Z discs closer together. (osmosis.org)
- This number directly depends on the length of the overlapping section between actin and myosin filaments. (osmosis.org)
Genes2
- Here, patients with AF showed a significant increase in expression levels and activity of HDAC3, phosphorylated HDAC5 and fetal genes (β-MHC, BNP) in atrial tissue compared to controls in sinus rhythm. (vumc.nl)
- HOCM results from a mutation in genes that encode for one of the nine sarcomere proteins, such as B-myosin heavy chain, troponin, actin, and titin. (statpearls.com)
Beta-myosin1
- There are sex-related differences in mRNA expression of alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chains (MHC) and other functional proteins in rat myocardium [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Septal defects1
- Mutations in this gene are known to cause atrial septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. (frontiersin.org)
Phosphorylation5
- Activated MLCK catalyzes the phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain subunit of myosin, a key step in muscle contraction. (drugbank.com)
- BACKGROUND: Cardiac-specific myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK), encoded by MYLK3, regulates cardiac contractility through phosphorylation of ventricular myosin regulatory light chain. (bvsalud.org)
- RESULTS: Both mice (Mylk3+/fs and Mylk3fs/fs) showed reduced cMLCK expression due to nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay, reduced MLC2v (ventricular myosin regulatory light chain) phosphorylation in the myocardium, and systolic dysfunction in a cMLCK dose-dependent manner. (bvsalud.org)
- LEUO-1154 increased human cMLCK activity ≈2-fold in the Vmax for ventricular myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation without affecting the Km. (bvsalud.org)
- LEUO-1154 treatment of human MYLK3+/fs induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes restored the ventricular myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation level and superrelaxation/disordered relaxation ratio and improved cardiac contractility without affecting calcium transients, indicating that the cMLCK activator acts as a myotrope. (bvsalud.org)
Inhibitor1
- A latge RCT of the first myosin inhibitor in severe chronic heart failure: somewhat difficult to interpret results, as deaths were slightly higher in the intervention group while there was no 'significant' benefit in cardiovascular deaths. (ctsnet.org)
Mutation2
- 2022 ) Genetic resiliency associated with dominant lethal mutation causing atrial septal defect with high heritability. (academictree.org)
- Notably, the protective effect of HDAC5 and HDAC7 was abolished in cardiomyocytes overexpressing a dominant negative HDAC5 or HDAC7 mutant, bearing a mutation in the binding domain for myosin enhancer factor 2 (MEF2). (vumc.nl)
Heart Failure3
- Omecamtiv mecarbil (Amgen/Cytokinetics) is described as cardiac myosin activator that boosts ventricular function by prolonging systolic ejection time, unlike the positive inotropic agents clinicians are wary about giving their patients with heart failure. (medscape.com)
- Cursory results from the Chronic Oral Study of Myosin Activation to Increase Contractility in Heart Failure (COSMIC-HF) trial, sans any numbers but claiming significant improvements in cardiac functional measures, were announced in press-release form about month ago and reported then by heart wire from Medscape. (medscape.com)
- Finally, human myocardium from advanced heart failure with a wide variety of causes had a significantly lower MYLK3/PPP1R12B messenger RNA expression ratio than control hearts, suggesting an altered balance between myosin regulatory light chain kinase and phosphatase in the failing myocardium, irrespective of the causes. (bvsalud.org)
Kinase1
- Calcium-bound calmodulin then binds to and activates myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). (drugbank.com)
Isoforms2
- Myosin type II isoforms specifically found in the atrial muscle of the heart. (bvsalud.org)
- mRNAs coding for the two isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MHC), that is MHC-alpha and MHC-beta, are o f In larger animals such as rabbit, dog, pig and human, β-MHC remains the predominant Full-length rat alpha and beta cardiac myosin heavy chain sequences. (firebaseapp.com)
Proteins1
- Increased intracellular concentrations of calcium may promote activation of contractile proteins (e.g., actin, myosin). (liu.edu)
20211
- Doran MH, Lehman W. ( 2021 ) The Central Role of the F-Actin Surface in Myosin Force Generation. (academictree.org)
Encodes2
- MYL3 encodes myosin light chain 3, an alkali light chain also referred to in the literature as both the ventricular isoform and the slow skeletal muscle isoform. (ayassbioscience.com)
- The gene for the MHCβ isoform encodes a high-molecular-weight protein similar to MHCα and also localizes to the thick myosin filament. (firebaseapp.com)
Genetics1
- Another refreshing change of pace with an interesting pre-translational contibution to the genetics of atrial dysrhythmias. (ctsnet.org)
Heavy chain9
- The variation, which was identified in the Icelandic population, changes a single protein building block (amino acid) in the α-myosin heavy chain. (medlineplus.gov)
- They speculated that the variation may alter the structure of the α-myosin heavy chain and disrupt its usual role in cardiac muscle contraction. (medlineplus.gov)
- Mutations associated with DCM and HCM can affect any part of the α-myosin heavy chain, and most change single amino acids in the protein. (medlineplus.gov)
- These changes likely alter the α-myosin heavy chain in ways that affect the structure and function of cardiac muscle. (medlineplus.gov)
- The expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain-2, which is the molecular marker of highly differentiated SMCs, was reinduced in the Ad.CNP-treated SMCs. (elsevier.com)
- Furthermore, an enhancement of the expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain-2 occurred in the residual neointima. (elsevier.com)
- For example, during muscle hypertrophy, the α-myosin heavy chain is replaced by the β form of the myosin heavy chain, which leads to decreased myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and a slower, more energetically economical contraction. (humpath.com)
- This antibody is myosin alpha and beta heavy chain specific. (firebaseapp.com)
- expression of early (myogenin) and late (myosin heavy chain) markers of differentiation and elevated levels of apoptosis compared to control cells infected with an empty adenoviral vector Balaglitazone (pCMV5-GFP). (researchensemble.com)
Predictors1
- At multivariate analysis, independent predictors of AF were atrial diameter (p ≤0.05) and age at diagnosis (p = 0.09), but not genetic subtype (p = 0.35). (nih.gov)
Binds1
- ATP then binds to myosin moving the myosin to its high-energy state releasing the myosin head from the actin active site. (modegame.online)
Regulation1
- Involvement of cytoplasmic calcium and protein kinases in the regulation of atrial natriuretic factor secretion by contraction rate and endothelin. (glembotskilab.org)
Affinity1
- Observed during contraction of energy output of the physiology muscle of contraction involves actin to overcome the affinity for the myosin? (modegame.online)
Gene expression1
- Induction of atrial natriuretic factor and myosin light chain-2 gene expression in cultured ventricular myocytes by electrical stimulation of contraction. (glembotskilab.org)
Atria3
- These include congenital heart defects, particularly atrial-septal defect (ASD), which is a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper chambers of the heart (the atria). (medlineplus.gov)
- How about AV node playing out a silent game with Atria, deciding to block everything and start its own fast escape rhythm, rather than leaking out selectively atrial impulses. (drsvenkatesan.com)
- HN - 2008 BX - Lateral Sinus MH - Atrial Septum UI - D054087 MN - A07.541.459.249 MS - The thin membrane-like muscular structure separating the right and the left upper chambers (HEART ATRIA) of a heart. (bvs.br)
Markers1
- A) Plan of myogenesis indicating common markers for precursor cells (Pax7) myoblast commitment (Myf5 MyoD) early differentiation (myogenin) and late differentiation (Myosin heavy … We were also Balaglitazone interested in knowing whether DUOXA1 expression was managed in main myoblasts that experienced migrated from your parent fibre. (researchensemble.com)
Protein known1
- A prevalent heart protein known as cardiac myosin, which is released into the body when a person suffers a heart attack, can cause blood to thicken or clot--worsening damage to heart tissue, a new study shows. (brightsurf.com)
Physiology1
- Action potential in ventricular and atrial cardiac cells From Cell Physiology Source Book The above diagram is an action potential recorded in the ventricular. (modegame.online)
Node2
- This condition affects the function of the sino-atrial (SA) node, which is an area of specialized cells in the heart that functions as a natural pacemaker. (medlineplus.gov)
- The traditional and fairly accepted answer is that, AV node with all its collective decremental property filters the incoming atrial impulses (Which varies 400-600/mt) in a random fashion and allows only about 1/3rd of impulses. (drsvenkatesan.com)
Factors1
- These factors include oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, autonomic imbalance, endocrine disorders, early electrical remodeling, such as shortened atrial Effective Refractory Period (ERP) and Action Potential Duration (APD) [6], and late mechanical remodeling, such as cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis [7]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Muscle4
- This protein is found in heart (cardiac) muscle cells, where it forms part of a larger protein called type II myosin. (medlineplus.gov)
- Type II myosin helps generate the mechanical force that is needed for cardiac muscle to contract, allowing the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
- It reversibly competes against nitrendipine and other DHP CCBs for DHP binding sites in vascular smooth muscle and cultured rabbit atrial cells. (drugbank.com)
- This is necessary support soft and muscle of heat capacity of myosin and inorganic phosphate that does not. (modegame.online)
Left1
- Left atrial size was similar in the 3 subsets. (nih.gov)
Type2
- Type II myosin is one of the major components of cell structures called sarcomeres. (medlineplus.gov)
- This part of the protein is involved in attaching (binding) type II myosin to actin. (medlineplus.gov)
