Atrial fibrillation. Medical search

Atrial Fibrillation: Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.Heart Atria: The chambers of the heart, to which the BLOOD returns from the circulation.Ventricular Fibrillation: A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.Anti-Arrhythmia Agents: Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.Pulmonary Veins: The veins that return the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.Electric Countershock: An electrical current applied to the HEART to terminate a disturbance of its rhythm, ARRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC. (Stedman, 25th ed)Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.Atrial Flutter: Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right atrium and a reentrant wave front traveling up the inter-atrial septum and down the right atrial free wall or vice versa. Unlike ATRIAL FIBRILLATION which is caused by abnormal impulse generation, typical atrial flutter is caused by abnormal impulse conduction. As in atrial fibrillation, patients with atrial flutter cannot effectively pump blood into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES).Anticoagulants: Agents that prevent clotting.Electrocardiography: Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac: Methods to induce and measure electrical activities at specific sites in the heart to diagnose and treat problems with the heart's electrical system.Atrial Appendage: Ear-shaped appendage of either atrium of the heart. (Dorland, 28th ed)Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.Cardiac Pacing, Artificial: Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker.Heart Conduction System: An impulse-conducting system composed of modified cardiac muscle, having the power of spontaneous rhythmicity and conduction more highly developed than the rest of the heart.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Thromboembolism: Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.Stroke: A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)Refractory Period, Electrophysiological: The period of time following the triggering of an ACTION POTENTIAL when the CELL MEMBRANE has changed to an unexcitable state and is gradually restored to the resting (excitable) state. During the absolute refractory period no other stimulus can trigger a response. This is followed by the relative refractory period during which the cell gradually becomes more excitable and the stronger impulse that is required to illicit a response gradually lessens to that required during the resting state.Tachycardia, Paroxysmal: Abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation.Atrial Function: The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the HEART ATRIA.Atrial Function, Left: The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the LEFT ATRIUM.Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.Atrial Premature Complexes: A type of cardiac arrhythmia with premature atrial contractions or beats caused by signals originating from ectopic atrial sites. The ectopic signals may or may not conduct to the HEART VENTRICLES. Atrial premature complexes are characterized by premature P waves on ECG which are different in configuration from the P waves generated by the normal pacemaker complex in the SINOATRIAL NODE.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.Electrocardiography, Ambulatory: Method in which prolonged electrocardiographic recordings are made on a portable tape recorder (Holter-type system) or solid-state device ("real-time" system), while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. It is useful in the diagnosis and management of intermittent cardiac arrhythmias and transient myocardial ischemia.Body Surface Potential Mapping: Recording of regional electrophysiological information by analysis of surface potentials to give a complete picture of the effects of the currents from the heart on the body surface. It has been applied to the diagnosis of old inferior myocardial infarction, localization of the bypass pathway in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, recognition of ventricular hypertrophy, estimation of the size of a myocardial infarct, and the effects of different interventions designed to reduce infarct size. The limiting factor at present is the complexity of the recording and analysis, which requires 100 or more electrodes, sophisticated instrumentation, and dedicated personnel. (Braunwald, Heart Disease, 4th ed)beta-Alanine: An amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. Since neuronal uptake and neuronal receptor sensitivity to beta-alanine have been demonstrated, the compound may be a false transmitter replacing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. A rare genetic disorder, hyper-beta-alaninemia, has been reported.Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Pacemaker, Artificial: A device designed to stimulate, by electric impulses, contraction of the heart muscles. It may be temporary (external) or permanent (internal or internal-external).Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Atrioventricular Node: A small nodular mass of specialized muscle fibers located in the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus. It gives rise to the atrioventricular bundle of the conduction system of the heart.Sick Sinus Syndrome: A condition caused by dysfunctions related to the SINOATRIAL NODE including impulse generation (CARDIAC SINUS ARREST) and impulse conduction (SINOATRIAL EXIT BLOCK). It is characterized by persistent BRADYCARDIA, chronic ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and failure to resume sinus rhythm following CARDIOVERSION. This syndrome can be congenital or acquired, particularly after surgical correction for heart defects.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.International Normalized Ratio: System established by the World Health Organization and the International Committee on Thrombosis and Hemostasis for monitoring and reporting blood coagulation tests. Under this system, results are standardized using the International Sensitivity Index for the particular test reagent/instrument combination used.Embolism: Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.Echocardiography, Transesophageal: Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues using a transducer placed in the esophagus.Heart Rate: The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.Cryosurgery: The use of freezing as a special surgical technique to destroy or excise tissue.Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave. In this syndrome, atrial impulses are abnormally conducted to the HEART VENTRICLES via an ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAY that is located between the wall of the right or left atria and the ventricles, also known as a BUNDLE OF KENT. The inherited form can be caused by mutation of PRKAG2 gene encoding a gamma-2 regulatory subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase.Arrhythmias, Cardiac: Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.Tachycardia: Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial: Abnormally rapid heartbeats originating from one or more automatic foci (nonsinus pacemakers) in the HEART ATRIUM but away from the SINOATRIAL NODE. Unlike the reentry mechanism, automatic tachycardia speeds up and slows down gradually. The episode is characterized by a HEART RATE between 135 to less than 200 beats per minute and lasting 30 seconds or longer.Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666)Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.Cardiac Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the heart.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Atrial Function, Right: The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the RIGHT ATRIUM.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Arrhythmia, Sinus: Irregular HEART RATE caused by abnormal function of the SINOATRIAL NODE. It is characterized by a greater than 10% change between the maximum and the minimum sinus cycle length or 120 milliseconds.Tachycardia, Supraventricular: A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Echocardiography: Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Atrial Septum: The thin membrane-like muscular structure separating the right and the left upper chambers (HEART ATRIA) of a heart.Heart Failure: A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.Sinoatrial Node: The small mass of modified cardiac muscle fibers located at the junction of the superior vena cava (VENA CAVA, SUPERIOR) and right atrium. Contraction impulses probably start in this node, spread over the atrium (HEART ATRIUM) and are then transmitted by the atrioventricular bundle (BUNDLE OF HIS) to the ventricle (HEART VENTRICLE).Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Heart Valve Diseases: Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).Bradycardia: Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.Defibrillators, Implantable: Implantable devices which continuously monitor the electrical activity of the heart and automatically detect and terminate ventricular tachycardia (TACHYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR) and VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. They consist of an impulse generator, batteries, and electrodes.Heart Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.Mitral Valve: The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart.Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)Pericardium: A conical fibro-serous sac surrounding the HEART and the roots of the great vessels (AORTA; VENAE CAVAE; PULMONARY ARTERY). Pericardium consists of two sacs: the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The latter consists of an outer parietal layer facing the fibrous pericardium, and an inner visceral layer (epicardium) resting next to the heart, and a pericardial cavity between these two layers.Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.Fibrinolytic Agents: Fibrinolysin or agents that convert plasminogen to FIBRINOLYSIN.Atrial Remodeling: Long-term changes in the electrophysiological parameters and/or anatomical structures of the HEART ATRIA that result from prolonged changes in atrial rate, often associated with ATRIAL FIBRILLATION or long periods of intense EXERCISE.Cerebrovascular Disorders: A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.Electrophysiology: The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.Pyridones: Pyridine derivatives with one or more keto groups on the ring.Heart Block: Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the SINOATRIAL NODE and the right atrium (SA block) or between atria and ventricles (AV block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects.Tachycardia, Ventricular: An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.Models, Cardiovascular: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.Chi-Square Distribution: A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.Adrenergic beta-Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety.Comorbidity: The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.Action Potentials: Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Aprindine: A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.Mitral Valve Stenosis: Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.Coronary Artery Bypass: Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Autonomic Denervation: The removal or interruption of some part of the autonomic nervous system for therapeutic or research purposes.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Vitamin K: A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Cardiac Complexes, Premature: A group of cardiac arrhythmias in which the cardiac contractions are not initiated at the SINOATRIAL NODE. They include both atrial and ventricular premature beats, and are also known as extra or ectopic heartbeats. Their frequency is increased in heart diseases.Administration, Oral: The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.Rheumatic Heart Disease: Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease: Pathological process resulting in the fibrous obstruction of the small- and medium-sized PULMONARY VEINS and PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. Veno-occlusion can arise from fibrous proliferation of the VASCULAR INTIMA and VASCULAR MEDIA; THROMBOSIS; or a combination of both.Stroke Volume: The amount of BLOOD pumped out of the HEART per beat, not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/time). It is calculated as the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume.Coronary Sinus: A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. Coronary sinus, normally located between the LEFT ATRIUM and LEFT VENTRICLE on the posterior surface of the heart, can serve as an anatomical reference for cardiac procedures.Heart Arrest: Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.Proportional Hazards Models: Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.Thrombosis: Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.Esophageal Fistula: Abnormal passage communicating with the ESOPHAGUS. The most common type is TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA between the esophagus and the TRACHEA.Ventricular Dysfunction, Left: A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.Heart Ventricles: The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted: Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.Kaplan-Meier Estimate: A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors: Drugs or agents which antagonize or impair any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Epicardial Mapping: Recording the locations and measurements of electrical activity in the EPICARDIUM by placing electrodes on the surface of the heart to analyze the patterns of activation and to locate arrhythmogenic sites.Vena Cava, Superior: The venous trunk which returns blood from the head, neck, upper extremities and chest.Cardiac Catheters: Catheters inserted into various locations within the heart for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.Pericarditis: Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic: Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.Atrioventricular Block: Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction.Endocardium: The innermost layer of the heart, comprised of endothelial cells.Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.Fluoroscopy: Production of an image when x-rays strike a fluorescent screen.Digitalis Glycosides: Glycosides from plants of the genus DIGITALIS. Some of these are useful as cardiotonic and anti-arrhythmia agents. Included also are semi-synthetic derivatives of the naturally occurring glycosides. The term has sometimes been used more broadly to include all CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES, but here is restricted to those related to Digitalis.Feasibility Studies: Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.Echocardiography, Doppler: Measurement of intracardiac blood flow using an M-mode and/or two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiogram while simultaneously recording the spectrum of the audible Doppler signal (e.g., velocity, direction, amplitude, intensity, timing) reflected from the moving column of red blood cells.Ablation Techniques: Removal of tissue by vaporization, abrasion, or destruction. Methods used include heating tissue by hot liquids or microwave thermal heating, freezing (CRYOABLATION), chemical ablation, and photoablation with LASERS.Brain Ischemia: Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.Cardiac Catheterization: Procedures in which placement of CARDIAC CATHETERS is performed for therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Equipment Design: Methods of creating machines and devices.Hospitalization: The confinement of a patient in a hospital.Bundle of His: Small band of specialized CARDIAC MUSCLE fibers that originates in the ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE and extends into the membranous part of the interventricular septum. The bundle of His, consisting of the left and the right bundle branches, conducts the electrical impulses to the HEART VENTRICLES in generation of MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION.Surgery, Computer-Assisted: Surgical procedures conducted with the aid of computers. This is most frequently used in orthopedic and laparoscopic surgery for implant placement and instrument guidance. Image-guided surgery interactively combines prior CT scans or MRI images with real-time video.Cardiac Electrophysiology: The study of the electrical activity and characteristics of the HEART; MYOCARDIUM; and CARDIOMYOCYTES.Registries: The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.Cardiology: The study of the heart, its physiology, and its functions.Heart: The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.Thyrotoxicosis: A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Autonomic Nervous System: The ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; and SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during both peaceful activity and physical or emotional stress. Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the HYPOTHALAMUS and the SOLITARY NUCLEUS, which receive information relayed from VISCERAL AFFERENTS.Thiophenes Defibrillators: Cardiac electrical stimulators that apply brief high-voltage electroshocks to the HEART. These stimulators are used to restore normal rhythm and contractile function in hearts of patients who are experiencing VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION or ventricular tachycardia (TACHYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR) that is not accompanied by a palpable PULSE. Some defibrillators may also be used to correct certain noncritical dysrhythmias (called synchronized defibrillation or CARDIOVERSION), using relatively low-level discharges synchronized to the patient's ECG waveform. (UMDNS, 2003)Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: A series of tests designed to assess neuropsychological function. The battery is used to diagnose specific cerebral dysfunction and also to determine lateralization.Intracranial Hemorrhages: Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.Electrophysiological Phenomena: The electrical properties, characteristics of living organisms, and the processes of organisms or their parts that are involved in generating and responding to electrical charges.Death, Sudden, Cardiac: Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)Myocardial Infarction: NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).Vagus Nerve: The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).Mitral Valve Insufficiency: Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation: Surgical insertion of synthetic material to repair injured or diseased heart valves.Anisoles: A group of compounds that are derivatives of methoxybenzene and contain the general formula R-C7H7O.Electrodes: Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.Ventricular Function, Left: The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the left HEART VENTRICLE. Its measurement is an important aspect of the clinical evaluation of patients with heart disease to determine the effects of the disease on cardiac performance.Antithrombins: Endogenous factors and drugs that directly inhibit the action of THROMBIN, usually by blocking its enzymatic activity. They are distinguished from INDIRECT THROMBIN INHIBITORS, such as HEPARIN, which act by enhancing the inhibitory effects of antithrombins.Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: The artificial substitution of heart and lung action as indicated for HEART ARREST resulting from electric shock, DROWNING, respiratory arrest, or other causes. The two major components of cardiopulmonary resuscitation are artificial ventilation (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) and closed-chest CARDIAC MASSAGE.Intracranial Embolism: Blocking of a blood vessel in the SKULL by an EMBOLUS which can be a blood clot (THROMBUS) or other undissolved material in the blood stream. Most emboli are of cardiac origin and are associated with HEART DISEASES. Other non-cardiac sources of emboli are usually associated with VASCULAR DISEASES.Premedication: Preliminary administration of a drug preceding a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure. The commonest types of premedication are antibiotics (ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS) and anti-anxiety agents. It does not include PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION.Heart Valves: Flaps of tissue that prevent regurgitation of BLOOD from the HEART VENTRICLES to the HEART ATRIA or from the PULMONARY ARTERIES or AORTA to the ventricles.Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging: Optical imaging techniques used for recording patterns of electrical activity in tissues by monitoring transmembrane potentials via FLUORESCENCE imaging with voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes.Endpoint Determination: Establishment of the level of a quantifiable effect indicative of a biologic process. The evaluation is frequently to detect the degree of toxic or therapeutic effect.Electric Injuries: Injuries caused by electric currents. The concept excludes electric burns (BURNS, ELECTRIC), but includes accidental electrocution and electric shock.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Telemetry: Transmission of the readings of instruments to a remote location by means of wires, radio waves, or other means. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Hypertension: Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.Practice Guidelines as Topic: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.Fibrosis: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.Hemodynamics: The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.Hyperthyroidism: Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Denmark Thoracic Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the thoracic organs, most commonly the lungs and the heart.Ischemic Attack, Transient: Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Vagus Nerve Stimulation: An adjunctive treatment for PARTIAL EPILEPSY and refractory DEPRESSION that delivers electrical impulses to the brain via the VAGUS NERVE. A battery implanted under the skin supplies the energy.Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis: Embolism or thrombosis involving blood vessels which supply intracranial structures. Emboli may originate from extracranial or intracranial sources. Thrombosis may occur in arterial or venous structures.Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.Goats: Any of numerous agile, hollow-horned RUMINANTS of the genus Capra, in the family Bovidae, closely related to the SHEEP.

Electrophysiologic effects of adenosine in patients with supraventricular tachycardia. (1/5583)

BACKGROUND: We correlated the electrophysiologic (EP) effects of adenosine with tachycardia mechanisms in patients with supraventricular tachycardias (SVT). METHODS AND RESULTS: Adenosine was administered to 229 patients with SVTs during EP study: atrioventricular (AV) reentry (AVRT; n=59), typical atrioventricular node reentry (AVNRT; n=82), atypical AVNRT (n=13), permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT; n=12), atrial tachycardia (AT; n=53), and inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST; n=10). There was no difference in incidence of tachycardia termination at the AV node in AVRT (85%) versus AVNRT (86%) after adenosine, but patients with AVRT showed increases in the ventriculoatrial (VA) intervals (13%) compared with typical AVNRT (0%), P<0.005. Changes in atrial, AV, or VA intervals after adenosine did not predict the mode of termination of long R-P tachycardias. For patients with AT, there was no correlation with location of the atrial focus and adenosine response. AV block after adenosine was only observed in AT patients (27%) or IST (30%). Patients with IST showed atrial cycle length increases after adenosine (P<0.05) with little change in activation sequence. The incidence of atrial fibrillation after adenosine was higher for those with AVRT (15%) compared with typical AVNRT (0%) P<0.001, or atypical AVNRT (0%) but similar to those with AT (11%) and PJRT (17%). CONCLUSIONS: The EP response to adenosine proved of limited value to identify the location of AT or SVT mechanisms. Features favoring AT were the presence of AV block or marked shortening of atrial cycle length before tachycardia suppression. Atrial fibrillation was more common after adenosine in patients with AVRT, PJRT, or AT. Patients with IST showed increases in cycle length with little change in atrial activation sequence after adenosine. (+info)

Regional differences in the recovery course of tachycardia-induced changes of atrial electrophysiological properties. (2/5583)

BACKGROUND: Regional differences in recovery of tachycardia-induced changes of atrial electrophysiological properties have not been well studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the control group (5 dogs), atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and inducibility of atrial fibrillation (AF) were assessed before and every 4 hours for 48 hours after complete atrioventricular junction (AVJ) ablation with 8-week VVI pacing. In experimental group 1 (15 dogs), AERP and inducibility of AF were assessed before and after complete AVJ ablation with 8-week rapid right atrial (RA) pacing (780 bpm) and VVI pacing. In experimental group 2 (7 dogs), AERP and inducibility of AF were assessed before and after 8-week rapid left atrial (LA) pacing and VVI pacing. AERP and inducibility and duration of AF were obtained from 7 epicardial sites. In the control group, atrial electrophysiological properties obtained immediately and during 48-hour measurements after pacing did not show any change. In the 2 experimental groups, recovery of atrial electrophysiological properties included a progressive recovery of AERP shortening, recovery of AERP maladaptation, and decrease of duration and episodes of reinduced AF. However, recovery of shortening and maladaptation of AERP and inducibility of AF was slower at the LA than at the RA and Bachmann's bundle. CONCLUSIONS: The LA had a slower recovery of tachycardia-induced changes of atrial electrophysiological properties, and this might play a critical role in initiation of AF. (+info)

Effect of 5-HT4 receptor stimulation on the pacemaker current I(f) in human isolated atrial myocytes. (3/5583)

OBJECTIVE: 5-HT4 receptors are present in human atrial cells and their stimulation has been implicated in the genesis of atrial arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation. An I(f)-like current has been recorded in human atrial myocytes, where it is modulated by beta-adrenergic stimulation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) on I(f) electrophysiological properties, in order to get an insight into the possible contribution of I(f) to the arrhythmogenic action of 5-HT in human atria. METHODS: Human atrial myocytes were isolated by enzymatic digestion from samples of atrial appendage of patients undergoing coeffective cardiac surgery. Patch-clamped cells were superfused with a modified Tyrode's solution in order to amplify I(f) and reduce overlapping currents. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A time-dependent, cesium-sensitive increasing inward current, that we had previously described having the electrophysiological properties of the pacemaker current I(f), was elicited by negative steps (-60 to -130 mV) from a holding potential of -40 mV. Boltzmann fit of control activation curves gave a midpoint (V1/2) of -88.9 +/- 2.6 mV (n = 14). 5-HT (1 microM) consistently caused a positive shift of V1/2 of 11.0 +/- 2.0 mV (n = 8, p < 0.001) of the activation curve toward less negative potentials, thus increasing the amount of current activated by clamp steps near the physiological maximum diastolic potential of these cells. The effect was dose-dependent, the EC50 being 0.14 microM. Maximum current amplitude was not changed by 5-HT. 5-HT did not increase I(f) amplitude when the current was maximally activated by cAMP perfused into the cell. The selective 5-HT4 antagonists, DAU 6285 (10 microM) and GR 125487 (1 microM), completely prevented the effect of 5-HT on I(f). The shift of V1/2 caused by 1 microM 5-HT in the presence of DAU 6285 or GR 125487 was 0.3 +/- 1 mV (n = 6) and 1.0 +/- 0.6 mV (n = 5), respectively (p < 0.01 versus 5-HT alone). The effect of 5-HT4 receptor blockade was specific, since neither DAU 6285 nor GR 125487 prevented the effect of 1 microM isoprenaline on I(f). Thus, 5-HT4 stimulation increases I(f) in human atrial myocytes; this effect may contribute to the arrhythmogenic action of 5-HT in human atrium. (+info)

Effects of cycloprotobuxine-A on atrial fibrillation. (4/5583)

AIM: To study the effects of cycloprotobuxine-A (Cyc-A) on atrial fibrillation. METHODS: Atrial fibrillations in vivo and in vitro were induced by arrhythmogenic drugs. Action potentials were measured by the standard microelectrode technique. RESULTS: Cyc-A, similar to or slightly stronger than amiodarone (Ami), decreased incidences of atrial fibrillation elicited by CaCl2-acetylcholine in mice and increased doses of aconitine, ouabain, or adrenaline to elicit atrial fibrillation in isolated guinea pig atria. Cyc-A 0.3-100 mumol.L-1 decreased the normal automaticity and 0.3-30 mumol.L-1 attenuated or almost abolished the isoprenaline-induced abnormal increase in automaticity in sinus nodal cells. In isolated left atria, Cyc-A 0.3-30 mumol.L-1 inhibited the abnormal rhythmic activity elicited by adrenaline, prolonged action potential duration (APD) and effective refractory period, and reduced excitability. At 3-30 mumol.L-1, Cyc-A also decreased the maximal velocity of depolarization (Vmax). Cyc-A antagonized the acetylcholine-induced shortening of APD. These electrophysiologic effects were similar to those of amiodarone, but Ami did not affect the Vmax. CONCLUSION: Cyc-A produces a protective effect against experimental atrial fibrillation via a prolongation of repolarization, a decease of automaticity, and an inhibition of excitability. (+info)

Atrioventricular nodal ablation and implantation of mode switching dual chamber pacemakers: effective treatment for drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. (5/5583)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of atrioventricular node ablation and implantation of a dual chamber, mode switching pacemaker on quality of life, exercise capacity, and left ventricular systolic function in patients with drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. PATIENTS: 18 consecutive patients with drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. METHODS: Quality of life was assessed before and after the procedure using the psychological general wellbeing index (PGWB), the McMaster health index (MHI), and a visual analogue scale for cardiac symptoms. Nine of the patients also underwent symptom limited exercise tests and echocardiography to assess left ventricular systolic function. RESULTS: The procedure allowed a reduction in antiarrhythmic drug treatment (p < 0.01). PGWB and symptom scores improved (p < 0.01) but the MHI score did not change. Left ventricular systolic function and exercise capacity were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Atrioventricular node ablation and implantation of a DDDR/MS pacemaker is effective treatment for refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, producing improved quality of life while allowing a reduction in drug burden. The popularity of the treatment is justified, but further studies are needed to determine optimum timing of intervention. (+info)

Predictors of atrial rhythm after atrioventricular node ablation for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias. (6/5583)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the natural history of the atrial rhythm of patients with paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias undergoing atrioventricular node ablation and permanent pacemaker implantation. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients identified from the pacemaker database and electrophysiology records of a tertiary referral hospital. PATIENTS: 62 consecutive patients with paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias undergoing atrioventricular node ablation and permanent pacemaker implantation between 1988 and July 1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Atrial rhythm on final follow up ECG, classified as either ordered (sinus rhythm or atrial pacing) or disordered (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia). (2) Chronic atrial fibrillation, defined as a disordered rhythm on two consecutive ECGs (or throughout a 24 hour Holter recording) with no ordered rhythm subsequently documented. RESULTS: Survival analysis showed that 75% of patients progressed to chronic atrial fibrillation by 2584 days (86 months). On multiple logistic regression analysis a history of electrical cardioversion, increasing patient age, and VVI pacing were associated with the development of chronic atrial fibrillation. A history of electrical cardioversion and increasing patient age were associated with a disordered atrial rhythm on the final follow up ECG. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias are at high risk of developing chronic atrial fibrillation. A history of direct current cardioversion. (+info)

Differential effects of defibrillation on systemic and cardiac sympathetic activity. (7/5583)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of defibrillation shocks on cardiac and circulating catecholamines. DESIGN: Prospective examination of myocardial catecholamine balance during dc shock by simultaneous determination of arterial and coronary sinus plasma concentrations. Internal countershocks (10-34 J) were applied in 30 patients after initiation of ventricular fibrillation for a routine implantable cardioverter defibrillator test. Another 10 patients were externally cardioverted (50-360 J) for atrial fibrillation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Transcardiac noradrenaline, adrenaline, and lactate gradients immediately after the shock. RESULTS: After internal shock, arterial noradrenaline increased from a mean (SD) of 263 (128) pg/ml at baseline to 370 (148) pg/ml (p = 0.001), while coronary sinus noradrenaline fell from 448 (292) to 363 (216) pg/ml (p = 0.01), reflecting a shift from cardiac net release to net uptake. After external shock delivery, there was a similar increase in arterial noradrenaline, from 260 (112) to 459 (200) pg/ml (p = 0.03), while coronary sinus noradrenaline remained unchanged. Systemic adrenaline increased 11-fold after external shock (p = 0.01), outlasting the threefold rise following internal shock (p = 0.001). In both groups, a negative transmyocardial adrenaline gradient at baseline decreased further, indicating enhanced myocardial uptake. Cardiac lactate production occurred after ventricular fibrillation and internal shock, but not after external cardioversion, so the neurohumoral changes resulted from the defibrillation process and not from alterations in oxidative metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: A dc shock induces marked systemic sympathoadrenal and sympathoneuronal activation, but attenuates cardiac sympathetic activity. This might promote the transient myocardial depression observed after electrical discharge to the heart. (+info)

Superiority of ibutilide (a new class III agent) over DL-sotalol in converting atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. The Ibutilide/Sotalol Comparator Study Group. (8/5583)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of a single dose of ibutilide, a new class III antiarrhythmic drug, with that of DL-sotalol in terminating chronic atrial fibrillation or flutter in haemodynamically stable patients. DESIGN: Double blind, randomised study. SETTING: 43 European hospitals. PATIENTS: 308 patients (mean age 60 years, 70% men, 48% with heart disease) with sustained atrial fibrillation (n = 251) or atrial flutter (n = 57) (duration three hours to 45 days) were randomised to three groups to receive a 10 minute infusion of 1 mg ibutilide (n = 99), 2 mg ibutilide (n = 106), or 1.5 mg/kg DL-sotalol (n = 103). Infusion was discontinued at termination of the arrhythmia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Successful conversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter, defined as termination of arrhythmia within one hour of treatment. RESULTS: Both drugs were more effective against atrial flutter than against atrial fibrillation. Ibutilide was superior to DL-sotalol for treating atrial flutter (70% and 56% v 19%), while the high dose of ibutilide was more effective for treating atrial fibrillation than DL-sotalol (44% v 11%) and the lower dose of ibutilide (44% v 20%, p < 0.01). The mean (SD) time to arrhythmia termination was 13 (7) minutes with 2 mg ibutilide, 19 (15) minutes with 1 mg ibutilide, and 25 (17) minutes with DL-sotalol. In all patients, the duration of arrhythmia before treatment was a predictor of arrhythmia termination, although this was less obvious in the group that received 2 mg ibutilide. This dose converted almost 48% of atrial fibrillation that was present for more than 30 days. Concomitant use of digitalis or nifedipine and prolongation of the QTc interval were not predictive of arrhythmia termination. Bradycardia (6.5%) and hypotension (3.7%) were more common side effects with DL-sotalol. Of 211 patients given ibutilide, two (0.9%) who received the higher dose developed polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, one of whom required direct current cardioversion. CONCLUSION: Ibutilide (given in 1 or 2 mg doses over 10 minutes) is highly effective for rapidly terminating persistent atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. This new class III drug, under monitored conditions, is a potential alternative to currently available cardioversion options. (+info)

Familial atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation also increases the risk of stroke. Complications of familial atrial fibrillation can occur at any age, ... The KCNE2 and KCNJ2 genes are associated with familial atrial fibrillation. A small percentage of all cases of familial atrial ... Researchers are working to determine which genetic changes may influence the risk of atrial fibrillation. Familial atrial ... Most cases of atrial fibrillation are not caused by mutations in a single gene. This condition is often related to structural ...

Atrial Fibrillation Association

"Atrial fibrillation - pulse checks on the NHS". Glyn Davies MP. Retrieved 4 June 2013. Official website NHS Choices guidance on ... The aim of the charter is to turn the world's attention to atrial fibrillation and AF-related stroke. Stop Start Campaign - ... In 2011 an All-Party Parliamentary Group on atrial fibrillation (APGAF) was established in partnership with the AF Association ... Sign Against Stroke - Patient organisations from twenty countries produced the Global Atrial Fibrillation Charter. Launched at ...

Management of atrial fibrillation

Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Working Group (2007). "Independent predictors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation ... Oct 2010). "Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of ... 2006). "Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel ... fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III ...

AZD1305

... in atrial myocytes, which aids in suppressing atrial fibrillation. AF and TdP may be induced with L-type calcium channel ... "AZD1305 Exerts Atrial Predominant Electrophysiological Actions and is Effective in Suppressing Atrial Fibrillation and ... Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a form of cardiac arrhythmia that arises with disorganized and rapid action potentials conducted ... specifically atrial fibrillation and flutter. In vitro studies have shown that this combined-ion channel blocker inhibits ...

List of OMIM disorder codes

TF Atrial fibrillation; 608583; GJA5 Atrial fibrillation, familial, 3; 607554; KCNQ1 Atrial fibrillation, familial, 4; 611493; ... KCNE2 Atrial fibrillation, familial, 6; 612201; NPPA Atrial fibrillation, familial, 7; 612240; KCNA5 Atrial septal defect 4; ... 611363; TBX20 Atrial septal defect 5; 612794; ACTC1 Atrial septal defect 6; 613087; TLL1 Atrial septal defect with ... TEK Ventricular fibrillation, familial, 1; 603829; SCN5A Ventricular fibrillation, paroxysmal familial, 2; 612956; DPP6 ...

Pump thrombosis

Examples: Atrial fibrillation; Infection. 1. Implantation technique. Example: Inflow cannula malposition. 2. Inadequate ...

Timeline of cardiovascular disease

"Atrial Fibrillation Association". Retrieved 31 July 2016. "Deaths due to cardiovascular disease". Retrieved 1 July 2016. "Sleep ...

Ashman phenomenon

Harrigan, RA; Garg, M (Dec 2013). "An interesting cause of wide complex tachycardia: Ashman's phenomenon in atrial fibrillation ... often seen isolated that is typically seen in atrial fibrillation. It is more often misinterpreted as a premature ventricular ... Gouaux, JL; Ashman, R (Sep 1947). "Auricular fibrillation with aberration simulating ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia". ...

Heart Rhythm Society

"Atrial Fibrillation Awareness Campaign". Heart Rhythm Society. Retrieved 23 January 2013. "September is Atrial Fibrillation ... The Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), through its efforts during Atrial Fibrillation Awareness (AFib) Month in September and ...

Left atrial enlargement

"Left atrial volume predicts cardiovascular events in patients originally diagnosed with lone atrial fibrillation: three-decade ... "Atrial enlargement as a consequence of atrial fibrillation A prospective echocardiographic study". Circulation. 82 (3): 792-7. ... However, if atrial fibrillation is present, a P wave would not be present. In any case, LAE can be diagnosed and measured using ... Also, a study found that LAE can occur as a consequence of atrial fibrillation (AF), although another study found that AF by ...

James Mackenzie (cardiologist)

He had his first heart attack in 1901, and recorded in himself the atrial fibrillation that accompanied this episode. By 1907 ... McMichael J. (July 1981). "Sir James Mackenzie and atrial fibrillation-a new perspective". J R Coll Gen Pract. 31 (228): 402-6 ... Fazekas, T; Liszkai, G; Bielik, H; Lüderitz, B (2003). "[History of atrial fibrillation]". Zeitschrift für Kardiologie. 92 (2 ... Fazekas, Tamás; Liszkai, Gizella (2002). "[History of atrial fibrillation]". Orvosi hetilap. 143 (6) (published Feb 10, 2002). ...

Bisphosphonate

Heckbert SR, Li G, Cummings SR, Smith NL, Psaty BM (April 2008). "Use of alendronate and risk of incident atrial fibrillation ... Cummings SR, Schwartz AV, Black DM (May 2007). "Alendronate and atrial fibrillation". N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (18): 1895-6. doi: ... although care must be taken in certain populations at high risk of serious adverse effects from atrial fibrillation (such as ... as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in women. The inflammatory response to bisphosphonates or fluctuations in calcium ...

Steroid use in American football

Sullivan ML, Martinez CM, Gallagher EJ (1999). "Atrial fibrillation and anabolic steroids". The Journal of emergency medicine. ...

Betrixaban

Sobieraj-Teague, M.; O'donnell, M.; Eikelboom, J. (2009). "New Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation". Seminars in Thrombosis ... "Oral factor Xa inhibitors for the prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation". Current Opinion in Cardiology. 25 (4): 312-20. ... and prevention of stroke following atrial fibrillation, with promising results. Betrixaban is currently being studied in a ...

Evgeny Pokushalov

"Botox Prevents Atrial Fibrillation: Study". Newsmax.com. Retrieved 2016-08-27. Johnson, Kate. "Can Botulinum Toxin Suppress ...

Ectopic pacemaker

Abbott, Louise (December 2012). "Atrial Fibrillation- information, symptoms and treatment". Bupa. Cardiac ectopy Clinical ... An ectopic pacemaker located in the atria is known as an atrial pacemaker and can cause the atrial contraction to be faster. An ... and role of segmental superior vena cava isolation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation". Journal of Electrocardiology. 40 ( ... "Disturbances in Atrial Rhythm and Conduction Following the Surgical Creation of an Atrial Septal Defect by the Blalock-Hanlon ...

Cox maze procedure

The Cox maze procedure, also known as maze procedure, is a type of heart surgery for atrial fibrillation. "Maze" refers to the ... cardiac surgery procedure intended to eliminate atrial fibrillation (AF). The first such procedure was performed by Dr. Cox at ... "The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. III. Development of a definitive surgical procedure". J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. ... "The Cox maze III procedure for atrial fibrillation: long-term efficacy in patients undergoing lone versus concomitant ...

Menarini

"Ranolazine Reduces The Late Recurrences Of Atrial Fibrillation. An Exploratory Analysis Of The Raffaello Study". Treatment of ... pharmacological-atrial fibrillation. 130. November 2014. Retrieved 2016-11-07. "MEN1112, a Novel Humanized De-Fucosylated ...

Cardiology

... atrial fibrillation affects about 2% to 3% of the population. Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter resulted in 112,000 deaths ... Supraventricular tachycardias include atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. ... Zoni-Berisso, M; Lercari, F; Carazza, T; Domenicucci, S (2014). "Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: European perspective". ... as atrial fibrillation) and others are common and are a major cause of mortality in elderly people. Vascular disorders such as ...

Peter R. Kowey

doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026693 "Incidence of Previously Undiagnosed Atrial Fibrillation Using Insertable Cardiac ... "Screening for Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration." Freedman B, Camm J, Calkins H… Kowey ... "Clinical Management of Atrial Fibrillation" (2015); and "Cardiac Arrhythmias, Pacing and Sudden Death" (2017). He is a fellow ... a group of 60 heart care experts who drafted a report advocating for markedly increased screenings for atrial fibrillation (AF ...

Direct Xa inhibitor

Those trials demonstrated efficacy and safety against warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and against low- ... Turpie, AG (Jan 2008). "New oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation". European Heart Journal. 29 (2): 155-65. doi:10.1093/ ... their potential to overuse in low risk atrial fibrillation people, their short half live affecting efficacy and their higher ...

Budiodarone

... in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and pacemakers with atrial fibrillation data logging capabilities [abstract]. ... Amiodarone to prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:913-920 Singh, B.N., et al. Amiodarone versus ... A decrease in heart rate reduces the risk of atrial fibrillation. Preliminary trials of budiodarone have administered the drug ... Evidence has shown that 400-600 mg bid doses were associated with the highest reduction in atrial fibrillation burden (54.4% ...

KCNE1

... is associated with altered predisposition to lone atrial fibrillation and postoperative atrial fibrillation. Atrial KCNE1 ... Han HG, Wang HS, Yin Z, Jiang H, Fang M, Han J (20 October 2014). "KCNE1 112G>a polymorphism and atrial fibrillation risk: a ... "Atrial fibrillation in KCNE1-null mice". Circulation Research. 97 (1): 62-9. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000173047.42236.88. PMID ... gain-of-function KCNE1 mutations are associated with early-onset atrial fibrillation. A common KCNE1 polymorphism, S38G, ...

Edoxaban

... in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) Edoxaban is contraindicated in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) ... United States of America: McGraw-Hill, 2009 Turpie AG (January 2008). "New oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation". ...

Nicholas Kounis

1975; 231: 734-5. Micturition syncope, hypokalemia, and atrial fibrillation. Kounis NG, Kenmure AC. JAMA 1976; 236: 954 " ...

Atrioventricular node

... such as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. The AV node's normal intrinsic firing rate without stimulation (such as that ... October 2001). "ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation" (PDF). Journal of the American ... This is the property of the AV node that prevents rapid conduction to the ventricle in cases of rapid atrial rhythms, ... It occurs when the atrial depolarization fail to reach the ventricles or is conducted with an abnormally long delay. It can ...

Clinical significance of additional ablation of atrial premature beats after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation<...

Clinical significance of additional ablation of atrial premature beats after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. In: ... Clinical significance of additional ablation of atrial premature beats after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Yonsei ... Clinical significance of additional ablation of atrial premature beats after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. / Kim, ... title = "Clinical significance of additional ablation of atrial premature beats after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation ...

https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/clinical-significance-of-additional-ablation-of-atrial-premature-

Atrial Fibrillation | Risk | Framingham Heart Study

Heart Failure in Atrial Fibrillation. (10-year risk). (based on Schnabel RB, Rienstra M, Sullivan LM, Sun JX, Moser CB, Levy D ... Risk assessment for incident heart failure in individuals with atrial fibrillation. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15:843-849. PMID ... Participants with manifest atrial fibrillation free of heart failure at baseline, aged 39 to 96 years ... Atrial Fibrillation *Framingham Heart Study AF score. (10-year risk). *Heart Failure in Atrial Fibrillation (10-year risk) ...

https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk-functions/atrial-fibrillation/heart-failure-afib.php

Atrial Fibrillation | cdc.gov

Learn about atrial fibrillation, often called AFib or AF, the most common type of treated heart arrhythmia. ... What is atrial fibrillation?. Atrial fibrillation, often called AFib or AF, is the most common type of treated heart arrhythmia ... Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991;22(8):983-8. ... Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the ...

https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/atrial_fibrillation.htm

Atrial Fibrillation

In atrial fibrillation, your pulse often doesnt match your heart sounds. The diagnosis of atrial fibrillation is usually ... Some people with atrial fibrillation have periods of normal heartbeats: the atrial fibrillation comes and goes. In many others ... For anyone who has chronic atrial fibrillation, or who may be going in and out of atrial fibrillation without knowing it ( ... However, atrial fibrillation is often a lifelong condition. This is more likely when it has no known cause or results from a ...

https://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/a19949249/atrial-fibrillation/

Managing Atrial Fibrillation

Learn about the role of inflammation in atrial fibrillation, AF in athletes, nuances of rate control, progress in ablation, and ... atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The combination of atrial fibrillation and diabetes confers an ... A patient with atrial fibrillation with a CHADS2 score of 3 is taking warfarin. She hasnt had a prior episode of ... Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been linked with an increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia in numerous studies over ...

https://www.medpagetoday.com/resource-center/afib

Managing Atrial Fibrillation

https://www.medpagetoday.com/resource-center/managing-afib?eun=g371412d0reun=g371412d0r&xid=NL_MPT_IH_2014-08-07

Common Atrial Fibrillation Medications

Medications for atrial fibrillation can help control your heart rate, and also help prevent blood clots. Well detail the most ... Atrial fibrillation (or AFib) is a condition that causes an irregular, fast heart rate and rhythm. It also causes issues with ... In AFib, the chaotic atrial electrical activity in your heart stops the atria from contracting well. This causes blood to move ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/living-with-atrial-fibrillation/medication-guide

Asthma, Atrial Fibrillation Connection

Millard concludes "Atrial fibrillation occurred in less than five percent of the entire study population, which is pretty low." ... There May Be No Permanent Cure for Atrial Fibrillation. Researchers say even after irregular heartbeats are treated, they can ... The Link Between Asthma and Atrial Fibrillation. Written by George Citroner. on July 16, 2018 ... states that poorly controlled asthma also brings a significantly increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AFib). ...

https://www.healthline.com/health-news/link-between-asthma-and-atrial-fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation - Multiple Languages: MedlinePlus

Health Information on Atrial Fibrillation: MedlinePlus Multiple Languages Collection ... Atrial Fibrillation: MedlinePlus Health Topic - English Fibrilación auricular: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus - español (Spanish) ... Atrial Fibrillation - 简体中文 (Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF ... Atrial Fibrillation - 繁體中文 (Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) Bilingual PDF ...

https://medlineplus.gov/languages/atrialfibrillation.html

Atrial Fibrillation | Circulation

Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation: a study in awake, chronically instrumented goats. Circulation. 1995;92:1954- ... Recently, Wijffels et al8 showed that induction of atrial fibrillation by intermittent rapid atrial pacing in goats led to a ... Unequal atrial stretch in dogs increases dispersion of refractoriness conducive to developing atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc ... Nevertheless, it offers the possibility of eradicating atrial fibrillation without surgery.. Atrial RFCA also vagally ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/95/3/562

Atrial Fibrillation

... (also called AFib or AF) is a quivering or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) that can ... Even though untreated atrial fibrillation doubles the risk of heart-related deaths and is associated with a 5-fold increased ... In atrial fibrillation, the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) beat irregularly (quiver) instead of beating effectively to ... Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common type of irregular heartbeat. The abnormal firing of electrical impulses causes ...

https://www.stvincent.org/Services/Cardiovascular-Services/Atrial-Fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)

... is an abnormal heart rhythm. The four chambers of the heart usually beat in a steady, rhythmic ... Stroke is the greatest risk for the patient with atrial fibrillation. Some patients are not aware of atrial fibrillation and in ... Atrial Fibrillation (A Fib) is one of the most common abnormal heart rhythms, particularly once a person reaches the age of 65 ... Click the image to view an animation on Atrial Fibrillation The heart is a pump, and in order to function efficiently, it is ...

https://www.hrsonline.org/Patient-Resources/Heart-Diseases-Disorders/Atrial-Fibrillation-AFib

Atrial Fibrillation

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http://fpnotebook.com/CV/EKG/AtrlFbrltn.htm

Atrial Fibrillation | Circulation

Mobile Phone Detection of Atrial Fibrillation With Mechanocardiography: The MODE-AF Study (Mobile Phone Detection of Atrial ... Female Sex Is a Risk Modifier Rather Than a Risk Factor for Stroke in Atrial FibrillationShould We Use a CHA2DS2-VA Score ... Atrial Fibrillation Burden in Young Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Zacharias Mandalenakis, Annika Rosengren, Georg ... Treatment of Subclinical Atrial FibrillationDoes One Plus One Always Equal Two? Michael R. Gold ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/taxonomy/term/1384

New Procedure Treats Atrial Fibrillation - Redorbit

Atrial fibrillation affects more than 2 million Americans, a number that continues to increase as the population ages. While ... Atrial fibrillation occurs when the smaller upper chambers of the heart, called atria, get irregular electrical signals that ... Despite its prevalence, atrial fibrillation remains tricky to treat. Medications that maintain a normal heart rhythm often stop ... If the atrial fibrillation persists, the electrophysiologist can touch up the ablation lines inside the heart until ...

http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/2071640/new_procedure_treats_atrial_fibrillation/

Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Causes and treatment

Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is a heart condition. Unlike other types of AF, it is not caused by a faulty valve. Causes ... Atrial fibrillation: Which medications. Atrial fibrillation (A-fib) causes a disruption in the regular rhythm of the heart. ... A common cause of atrial fibrillation is valvular heart disease. But what are the reasons for atrial fibrillation other than ... The heart works less efficiently in people with atrial fibrillation.. What does nonvalvular atrial fibrillation mean? ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319643.php

Atrial fibrillation: Triggers, tip, and causes

... learn about atrial fibrillation triggers, tips that may help to avoid triggers, lifestyle tips, and what may cause atrial ... What are the types of atrial fibrillation? Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm. There are several types of atrial ... Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Get the facts Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is a heart condition. Unlike other types of ... Atrial fibrillation is an irregular, rapid heartbeat. During an atrial fibrillation attack, the heart might not pump enough ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316487.php

Atrial Fibrillation and Pregnancy | The BMJ

Atrial Fibrillation and Pregnancy. Br Med J 1961; 1 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.5237.1407 (Published 20 May 1961) Cite ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/1/5237/1407

Atrial fibrillation - discharge : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

Atrial fibrillation or flutter is a common type of abnormal heartbeat. The heart rhythm is fast and most often irregular. You ... Atrial fibrillation or flutter is a common type of abnormal heartbeat. The heart rhythm is fast and most often irregular. You ... Atrial fibrillation: clinical features, mechanisms, and management. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, ... A machine may be less accurate because of atrial fibrillation. Limit the amount of caffeine you drink (found in coffee, tea, ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000237.htm

Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) Awareness

... through its efforts during Atrial Fibrillation Awareness Month in September and throughout the year, is working to increase ... Atrial Fibrillation - also known as AFib or AF - is the most common arrhythmia. It affects more than 2.5 million American ... The Atrial Fibrillation Disease State Initiative is supported in part by Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Medtronic, and Bristol- ... The AFib Risk Assessment is an interactive tool designed to help individuals estimate their risk of atrial fibrillation (AFib ...

https://www.hrsonline.org/News/Atrial-Fibrillation-AFib-Awareness

Atrial Fibrillation Causes

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http://www.fpnotebook.com/CV/EKG/AtrlFbrltnCs.htm

Atrial Fibrillation Cardioversion

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Atrial Fibrillation Clinical Research Trials | CenterWatch

Atrial Fibrillation Clinical Research Trial Listings in Cardiology/Vascular Diseases on CenterWatch ... Atrial Fibrillation Clinical Trials. A listing of Atrial Fibrillation medical research trials actively recruiting patient ... Systematic Evaluation of Ablation Techniques for Non-Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. The Posterior Wall and/or Left Atrial ... strategies of atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary artery disease and without history of atrial fibrillation. The ...

https://www.centerwatch.com/clinical-trials/listings/condition/243/atrial-fibrillation/?NewOnly=Y&gender=Both&gender=Both

Mechanisms of thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation

This complication can occur with either paroxysmal (intermittent) or chronic (permanent) atrial fibrillation. A numb ... Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity, largely due to thromboembolism, particularly ... Antithrombotic treatment for atrial fibrillation. BMJ 1996; 312:45.. *Lip GY. Does atrial fibrillation confer a hypercoagulable ... patients with atrial fibrillation: Comparison of the HAS-BLED and ABC-Bleeding risk scores. The Murcia Atrial Fibrillation ...

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mechanisms-of-thrombogenesis-in-atrial-fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation

... you may have a condition known as atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation (also called AFib) is a problem with the rate or ... Living with Atrial Fibrillation Event in Pueblo, Colo.. Oct 16, 2014. This series of live educational programs provides ... Living with Atrial Fibrillation Event in Columbus, Ohio. Sep 22, 2014. This series of live educational programs provides ... Living with Atrial Fibrillation Event in Minneapolis. Oct 16, 2014. This series of live educational programs provides ...

https://www.cardiosmart.org/Heart-Conditions/Atrial-Fibrillation?page=5&pagesize=25

Atrial fibrillation, often called AFib or AF, is the most common type of treated heart arrhythmia. (cdc.gov)
Atrial fibrillation (or AFib) is a condition that causes an irregular, fast heart rate and rhythm. (healthline.com)
states that poorly controlled asthma also brings a significantly increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AFib). (healthline.com)
Atrial Fibrillation (also called AFib or AF) is a quivering or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) that can lead to stroke and other heart-related complications. (stvincent.org)
Even though untreated atrial fibrillation doubles the risk of heart-related deaths and is associated with a 5-fold increased risk for stroke, many patients are unaware that AFib is a serious condition. (stvincent.org)
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common type of irregular heartbeat. (stvincent.org)
The treatment goals of atrial fibrillation (AF or AFib) start with a proper diagnosis through an in-depth examination from a physician. (stvincent.org)
Please check out the Guide to Atrial Fibrillation , developed by experts in the field to learn more about AFib . (hrsonline.org)
The AFib Risk Assessment is an interactive tool designed to help individuals estimate their risk of atrial fibrillation ( AFib ). (hrsonline.org)
Atrial Fibrillation - also known as AFib or AF - is the most common arrhythmia. (hrsonline.org)
Atrial fibrillation (also called AFib) is a problem with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat. (cardiosmart.org)
If atrial fibrillation is present on your electrocardiogram or if your history suggests AFib, your doctor may then refer you to an electrophysiologist (cardiologists who specialize in the heart's electrical system) for further testing and/or treatment . (healthcentral.com)

And does nonvalvular atrial fibrillation need different treatment? (medicalnewstoday.com)
What does nonvalvular atrial fibrillation mean? (medicalnewstoday.com)

Does Obesity Increase the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation? (medpagetoday.com)

Registry to explore characteristics, use and management of new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) and vitamin K antagonists (VKA) treatment among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and recent cerebrovascular disease in a "real-world" setting at a stroke centre. (centerwatch.com)

Atrial fibrillation or flutter is a common type of abnormal heartbeat. (medlineplus.gov)
The AFFELECT -study compares two types of treatment modalities for acute atrial fibrillation or flutter for patients in whom rhythm control is desirable. (centerwatch.com)
The recommendations apply to adults (18 years or older) with atrial fibrillation, including paroxysmal (recurrent), persistent and permanent atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter. (nice.org.uk)

2019). Complications from Atrial Fibrillation external icon . (cdc.gov)
Although it may not carry the inherent lethality of a ventricular tachyarrhythmia, it does have a mortality twice that of control subjects, 1 and the palpitations, hemodynamic consequences, side effects of drugs, and, most importantly, brain involvement due to thromboembolic complications make atrial fibrillation a formidable problem. (ahajournals.org)
Atrial fibrillation (A-fib) itself is not usually life-threatening but it can lead to serious complications, such as a stroke or new or worsening heart failure . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Complications of familial atrial fibrillation can occur at any age, although some people with this heart condition never experience any health problems associated with the disorder. (wikipedia.org)

Radiofrequency catheter ablation is not superior to antiarrhythmic drug therapy as first-line treatment in patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation-but it may be a reasonable alternative. (medpagetoday.com)
They have found that atrial fibrillation in nine patients from a cohort (number not specified) referred for treatment of resistant paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was not due to the multiple reentrant wavelet hypothesis of Moe but rather to a single, rapidly discharging focus, similar to a pacemaker or a generator, that created an ECG pattern of atrial fibrillation. (ahajournals.org)
Systematic Evaluation of Ablation Techniques for Non-Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. (centerwatch.com)
The Posterior Wall and/or Left Atrial Appendage Empiric Electrical Isolation for Non-Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (The PLEA Trial) is a prospective multicenter randomized controlled study that has the overall goal of establishing the efficacy and safety of different ablation techniques for patients with persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. (centerwatch.com)

1 Atrial fibrillation usually accompanies disorders such as rheumatic and coronary heart disease, heart failure, mitral valve prolapse, hypertension, cardiomyopathies, hyperthyroidism, and the postoperative state but can occur in the absence of any recognized abnormality (lone atrial fibrillation) in at least 10% of cases. (ahajournals.org)

The two-pronged approach gives doctors access to both the inside and outside of the heart at the same time, helping to more completely block the erratic electrical signals that cause atrial fibrillation. (redorbit.com)
Non‑pharmacological management includes electrical cardioversion, which may be used to 'shock' the heart back to its normal rhythm, and catheter or surgical ablation to create lesions to stop the abnormal electrical impulses that cause atrial fibrillation. (nice.org.uk)

Also summarized here are the publications describing the clinical experience with the cryoballoon catheter ablation in both paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation, its safety and efficacy, and discussions on the technical aspect of the cryoballoon ablation procedure. (hindawi.com)

Secular trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and implications on the projections for future prevalence. (cdc.gov)
Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. (cdc.gov)
Recent research shows an increased prevalence of subclinical, asymptomatic, atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (medpagetoday.com)
Atrial fibrillation affects a larger population than ventricular tachyarrhythmias, with a prevalence of ≈0.5% in patients 50 to 59 years old, incrementing to 8.8% in patients in their 80s. (ahajournals.org)
Despite its prevalence, atrial fibrillation remains tricky to treat. (redorbit.com)
Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, and estimates suggest its prevalence is increasing. (nice.org.uk)
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, increasing in prevalence with age [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

In recent years, the use of digoxin to treat atrial fibrillation (AF), especially in patients without heart failure (HF), has become controversial. (medpagetoday.com)
Doctors at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis are performing a new procedure to treat atrial fibrillation, a common irregular heartbeat. (redorbit.com)

Left atrial appendage occlusion removes the most common site for the formation of cardiac emboli. (medpagetoday.com)
St. Vincent performs one-time minimally invasive left atrial appendage closure procedure that reduces the risk of a stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients. (stvincent.org)

This is an observational multicenter registry of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation performed using the ablation index technology, which has been introduced as a tool predicting ablation lesion depth. (centerwatch.com)
Pulmonary vein isolation with catheter ablation is an effective treatment in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation refractory or intolerant to antiarrhythmic medications. (hindawi.com)
The literature was searched in PubMed from 1950 to February 2011 with the keywords "atrial fibrillation," "cryosurgery," and "catheter ablation" published in English. (hindawi.com)

It is probable that in some of these patients, the atria remodel over a period of time (see below), owing to the frequent recurrence of fast atrial rates, and develop sustained atrial fibrillation, which is then much more difficult to cure with RFCA. (ahajournals.org)

During an atrial fibrillation attack, the heart might not pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body, leading to symptoms including weakness, light-headedness, and dizziness. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Hypertension and atrial fibrillation (AF) are 2 important public health priorities. (ingentaconnect.com)
Additional risk factors for atrial fibrillation include high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes mellitus, a previous stroke, or an accumulation of fatty deposits and scar-like tissue in the lining of the arteries (atherosclerosis). (wikipedia.org)

In atrial fibrillation, the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) beat irregularly (quiver) instead of beating effectively to move blood into the ventricles. (stvincent.org)

A listing of Atrial Fibrillation medical research trials actively recruiting patient volunteers. (centerwatch.com)
They also note the amount of time a patient is in atrial fibrillation. (healthcentral.com)
Sign Against Stroke - Patient organisations from twenty countries produced the Global Atrial Fibrillation Charter. (wikipedia.org)

Atrial fibrillation often doesn't cause any symptoms. (womenshealthmag.com)
Symptoms of atrial fibrillation vary. (healthcentral.com)

This complication can occur with either paroxysmal (intermittent) or chronic (permanent) atrial fibrillation. (uptodate.com)

Atrial fibrillation may be a primary electrical abnormality of the heart, be associated with underlying heart problems including problems with heart valves, coronary arteries, heart muscle, congestive heart failure or be related to problems with the thyroid gland or other disorders of metabolism. (hrsonline.org)

See 'Atrial fibrillation: Anticoagulant therapy to prevent embolization' and 'Prevention of embolization prior to and after restoration of sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation' . (uptodate.com)

Atrial fibrillation affects the upper two chambers of the heart, the atria. (womenshealthmag.com)
Atrial fibrillation occurs when the smaller upper chambers of the heart, called atria, get irregular electrical signals that disrupt the coordinated pumping of blood through the heart to the rest of the body. (redorbit.com)
Atrial' means to do with the atria or the top two chambers of the heart. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of sustained abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia), affecting more than 3 million people in the United States. (wikipedia.org)

Renal dysfunction is an independent risk factor for stroke, especially in the setting of atrial fibrillation (AF), and adding it as a scoring element to current risk stratification models, such as CHADS2 , seems to improve stroke risk prediction. (medpagetoday.com)

In atrial fibrillation, the heartbeat is rapid and irregular. (womenshealthmag.com)
Fibrillation' is a rapid and irregular tightening of muscle fibers. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Risk assessment for incident heart failure in individuals with atrial fibrillation. (framinghamheartstudy.org)
Independent risk facors for atrial fibrillation in a population based cohort. (cdc.gov)
Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. (cdc.gov)
This includes any possible risk factors for atrial fibrillation. (womenshealthmag.com)
The combination of atrial fibrillation and diabetes confers an increased risk of stroke and silent cerebral infarct. (medpagetoday.com)
Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been linked with an increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia in numerous studies over the past 2 decades. (medpagetoday.com)
A wealth of evidence from several different perspectives points toward obstructive sleep apnea as a significant risk factor for atrial fibrillation. (medpagetoday.com)
Dr. Mark Millard, a pulmonologist affiliated with Baylor University Medical Center in Texas, read the study and told Healthline "However, when you ask how many people who had asthma also experienced atrial fibrillation, compared with those without asthma, I find that the data indicates a little less than double the risk of atrial fibrillation, especially in people taking medication for their asthma. (healthline.com)
Female Sex Is a Risk Modifier Rather Than a Risk Factor for Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Should We Use a CHA 2 DS 2 -VA Score Rather Than CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc? (ahajournals.org)
If left untreated atrial fibrillation is a significant risk factor for stroke and other morbidities. (nice.org.uk)
Drug treatments include anticoagulants to reduce the risk of stroke and antiarrhythmics to restore or maintain the normal heart rhythm or to slow the heart rate in people who remain in atrial fibrillation. (nice.org.uk)
Although most cases of atrial fibrillation are not known to run in families, studies suggest that they may arise partly from genetic risk factors. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers are working to determine which genetic changes may influence the risk of atrial fibrillation. (wikipedia.org)
Atrial fibrillation also increases the risk of stroke. (wikipedia.org)

It is associated with multiple genes: Mutations in the KCNQ1 gene cause familial atrial fibrillation. (wikipedia.org)
A small percentage of all cases of familial atrial fibrillation are associated with changes in the KCNE2, KCNJ2, and KCNQ1 genes. (wikipedia.org)
The mutations known to be possibly involved in atrial fibrillation concern KCNQ1 with gain of function in IKs, KCNE2, KCNA5 and SCN5A for which there is a missence mutation leading to the occurrence of Early After Depolarisations. (escardio.org)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity, largely due to thromboembolism, particularly stroke. (uptodate.com)

Atrial fibrillation: clinical features, mechanisms, and management. (medlineplus.gov)
The session devoted to new insights in atrial fibrillation showed that a great number of mechanisms may be involved in atrial fibrillation. (escardio.org)

Atrial fibrillation affects more than 2 million Americans, a number that continues to increase as the population ages. (redorbit.com)

Atrial fibrillation: What triggers an A-fib attack? (medicalnewstoday.com)

After the surgeon has performed the ablations on the outside of the heart, the electrophysiologist uses the catheters inside the heart to attempt to induce a fibrillation, testing the integrity of the ablation lines. (redorbit.com)
Gelsolin may be considered as a possible proarrhythmic factor, able to induce atrial fibrillation in mice. (escardio.org)

disorder of cardiac rhythm characterized by rapid, irregular atrial impulses and ineffective atrial contractions. (fpnotebook.com)

Today there are many ways to treat and control atrial fibrillation including medications and procedures. (hrsonline.org)

Familial atrial fibrillation appears to be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means the defective gene is located on an autosome, and only one copy of the defective gene - inherited from one parent - is sufficient to cause the disorder. (wikipedia.org)

Disturbed actin modulation may promote atrial fibrillation and desmin deficiency increases atrial fibrillation inducibility. (escardio.org)

Electrical activity of a normal heart (left) and a heart with atrial fibrillation (right). (cdc.gov)
With atrial fibrillation , control of electrical activity in the upper chambers becomes disorganized and the atria fibrillate (quiver or twitch quickly) causing an irregular rhythm. (hrsonline.org)
The goal of ablation therapy is to create scar tissue that isolates the irregular electrical signals and blocks them from spreading over the heart and causing fibrillation. (redorbit.com)

This guideline updates and replaces 'Atrial fibrillation' (NICE clinical guideline 36). (nice.org.uk)

Electrophysiologic effects of adenosine in patients with supraventricular tachycardia. (1/5583)

Regional differences in the recovery course of tachycardia-induced changes of atrial electrophysiological properties. (2/5583)

Effect of 5-HT4 receptor stimulation on the pacemaker current I(f) in human isolated atrial myocytes. (3/5583)

Effects of cycloprotobuxine-A on atrial fibrillation. (4/5583)

Atrioventricular nodal ablation and implantation of mode switching dual chamber pacemakers: effective treatment for drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. (5/5583)

Predictors of atrial rhythm after atrioventricular node ablation for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias. (6/5583)

Differential effects of defibrillation on systemic and cardiac sympathetic activity. (7/5583)

Superiority of ibutilide (a new class III agent) over DL-sotalol in converting atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. The Ibutilide/Sotalol Comparator Study Group. (8/5583)

Familial atrial fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation Association

Management of atrial fibrillation

AZD1305

List of OMIM disorder codes

Pump thrombosis

Timeline of cardiovascular disease

Ashman phenomenon

Heart Rhythm Society

Left atrial enlargement

James Mackenzie (cardiologist)

Bisphosphonate

Steroid use in American football

Betrixaban

Evgeny Pokushalov

Ectopic pacemaker

Cox maze procedure

Menarini

Cardiology

Peter R. Kowey

Direct Xa inhibitor

Budiodarone

KCNE1

Edoxaban

Nicholas Kounis

Atrioventricular node

Clinical significance of additional ablation of atrial premature beats after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation<...

Atrial Fibrillation | Risk | Framingham Heart Study

Atrial Fibrillation | cdc.gov

Atrial Fibrillation

Managing Atrial Fibrillation

Managing Atrial Fibrillation

Common Atrial Fibrillation Medications

Asthma, Atrial Fibrillation Connection

Atrial Fibrillation - Multiple Languages: MedlinePlus

Atrial Fibrillation | Circulation

Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)

Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation | Circulation

New Procedure Treats Atrial Fibrillation - Redorbit

Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Causes and treatment

Atrial fibrillation: Triggers, tip, and causes

Atrial Fibrillation and Pregnancy | The BMJ

Atrial fibrillation - discharge : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) Awareness

Atrial Fibrillation Causes

Atrial Fibrillation Cardioversion

Atrial Fibrillation Clinical Research Trials | CenterWatch

Mechanisms of thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation

AFib12

Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation2

Increase the risk of atrial fibrillation1

Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation1

Flutter3

Complications4

Paroxysmal atrial fibri4

Lone atrial fibrillation1

Cause atrial fibrillation2

Persistent1

Prevalence7

Treat atrial2

Left atrial ap2

Catheter3

Recurrence1

Light-headedness1

Hypertension2

Beat irregularly1

Patient3

Symptoms2

Chronic1