The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
The sixth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its twelve natural satellites include Phoebe and Titan.
The environment outside the earth or its atmosphere. The environment may refer to a closed cabin (such as a space shuttle or space station) or to space itself, the moon, or other planets.
Planet that is the third in order from the sun. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the SOLAR SYSTEM.
The therapeutic intermittent administration of oxygen in a chamber at greater than sea-level atmospheric pressures (three atmospheres). It is considered effective treatment for air and gas embolisms, smoke inhalation, acute carbon monoxide poisoning, caisson disease, clostridial gangrene, etc. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992). The list of treatment modalities includes stroke.
Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body. (NASA Thesaurus, 1988)
The fourth planet in order from the sun. Its two natural satellites are Deimos and Phobos. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the solar system.
The mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.
A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
The pressure at any point in an atmosphere due solely to the weight of the atmospheric gases above the point concerned.
Creation and development of bodies within solar systems, includes study of early planetary geology.
The interdisciplinary science that studies evolutionary biology, including the origin and evolution of the major elements required for life, their processing in the interstellar medium and in protostellar systems. This field also includes the study of chemical evolution and the subsequent interactions between evolving biota and planetary evolution as well as the field of biology that deals with the study of extraterrestrial life.
An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
Chemical and physical transformation of the biogenic elements from their nucleosynthesis in stars to their incorporation and subsequent modification in planetary bodies and terrestrial biochemistry. It includes the mechanism of incorporation of biogenic elements into complex molecules and molecular systems, leading up to the origin of life.
Containers, packaging, and packaging materials for processed and raw foods and beverages. It includes packaging intended to be used for storage and also used for preparation of foods such as microwave food containers versus COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS. Packaging materials may be intended for food contact or designated non-contact, for example, shipping containers. FOOD LABELING is also available.
Experimental devices used in inhalation studies in which a person or animal is either partially or completely immersed in a chemically controlled atmosphere.
Argon. A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.
The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Celestial bodies orbiting around the sun or other stars.
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the air. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
The origin of life. It includes studies of the potential basis for life in organic compounds but excludes studies of the development of altered forms of life through mutation and natural selection, which is BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION.
The fifth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its sixteen natural satellites include Callisto, Europa, Ganymede, and Io.
Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.
The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
The solid substance formed by the FREEZING of water.
The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.
An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.
Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.
The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.
The science concerned with celestial bodies and the observation and interpretation of the radiation received in the vicinity of the earth from the component parts of the universe (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Acidic water usually pH 2.5 to 4.5, which poisons the ecosystem and adversely affects plants, fishes, and mammals. It is caused by industrial pollutants, mainly sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted into the atmosphere and returning to earth in the form of acidic rain water.
The circulation of nitrogen in nature, consisting of a cycle of biochemical reactions in which atmospheric nitrogen is compounded, dissolved in rain, and deposited in the soil, where it is assimilated and metabolized by bacteria and plants, eventually returning to the atmosphere by bacterial decomposition of organic matter.
Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.
Procedures or techniques used to keep food from spoiling.
The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
The effect of GLOBAL WARMING and the resulting increase in world temperatures. The predicted health effects of such long-term climatic change include increased incidence of respiratory, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases.
Stable oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element oxygen, but differ in atomic weight. O-17 and 18 are stable oxygen isotopes.
A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.
A state in which the environs of hospitals, laboratories, domestic and animal housing, work places, spacecraft, and other surroundings are under technological control with regard to air conditioning, heating, lighting, humidity, ventilation, and other ambient features. The concept includes control of atmospheric composition. (From Jane's Aerospace Dictionary, 3d ed)
The ash, dust, gases, and lava released by volcanic explosion. The gases are volatile matter composed principally of about 90% water vapor, and carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen. The ash or dust is pyroclastic ejecta and lava is molten extrusive material consisting mainly of magnesium silicate. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen where no carbon atoms join to form a ring structure.
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.
Any solid objects moving in interplanetary space that are smaller than a planet or asteroid but larger than a molecule. Meteorites are any meteoroid that has fallen to a planetary surface. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Frozen water crystals that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
Any combustible hydrocarbon deposit formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).
Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.
A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The motion of air currents.
The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.
The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
Inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen as an integral part of the molecule.
Aggregates of matter in outer space, such as stars, planets, comets, etc. and the properties and processes they undergo.
The science of the earth and other celestial bodies and their history as recorded in the rocks. It includes the study of geologic processes of an area such as rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.
Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.
A space in which the pressure is far below atmospheric pressure so that the remaining gases do not affect processes being carried on in the space.
Inorganic oxides of sulfur.
Water in its gaseous state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
A mixture of smoke and fog polluting the atmosphere. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.
A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.
The cycle by which the element carbon is exchanged between organic matter and the earth's physical environment.
Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
The state of the ATMOSPHERE over minutes to months.
Increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns.
High-energy radiation or particles from extraterrestrial space that strike the earth, its atmosphere, or spacecraft and may create secondary radiation as a result of collisions with the atmosphere or spacecraft.
The study of the structure, preparation, properties, and reactions of carbon compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
A natural fuel formed by partial decomposition of vegetable matter under certain environmental conditions.
The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).
The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.
Helium. A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. (Dorland, 27th ed)
A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus SERRATIA found in plants and the DIGESTIVE TRACT of rodents. It is the most prevalent Serratia species in the natural environment.
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)
The inanimate matter of Earth, the structures and properties of this matter, and the processes that affect it.
Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.
Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
The nettles plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. Many have stinging hairs on stems and leaves. Flowers are small and greenish in leaf axils. The fruit is dry and one-seeded.
Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.
Techniques used in studying bacteria.
A thick mass of ICE formed over large regions of land; RIVERS; LAKES; ponds; or SEAWATER.
Small solar system planetary bodies including asteroids. Most asteroids are found within the gap lying between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.
A solid form of carbon dioxide used as a refrigerant.
The eighth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its two natural satellites are Nereid and Triton.
A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)
Characteristic events occurring in the ATMOSPHERE during the interactions and transformation of various atmospheric components and conditions.
The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.
Areas of the earth where hydrocarbon deposits of PETROLEUM and/or NATURAL GAS are located.
A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.
The process of producing a form or impression made of metal or plaster using a mold.
Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.
The motion of air relative to the earth's surface.
A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.
Relating to the size of solids.
The fusion of ceramics (porcelain) to an alloy of two or more metals for use in restorative and prosthodontic dentistry. Examples of metal alloys employed include cobalt-chromium, gold-palladium, gold-platinum-palladium, and nickel-based alloys.
Chemical reactions effected by light.
A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mucoraceae, order Mucorales. It is primarily saprophytic, but may cause MUCORMYCOSIS in man from spores germinating in the lungs.
A dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, composed mainly of amorphous CARBON and some HYDROCARBONS, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke. It is the product of incomplete combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in low oxygen conditions. It is sometimes called lampblack or carbon black and is used in INK, in rubber tires, and to prepare CARBON NANOTUBES.
A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.
The atmospheric properties, characteristics and other atmospheric phenomena especially pertaining to WEATHER or CLIMATE.
A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria whose organisms divide in three perpendicular planes and occur in packets of eight or more cells. It has been isolated from soil, grains, and clinical specimens.
The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.
The mechanical process of cooling.
A genus of gram-positive bacteria in the family CARNOBACTERIACEAE. They are tolerant to freezing/thawing and high pressure and able to grow at low temperatures.
Keeping food for later consumption.
Insulated enclosures in which temperature, humidity, and other environmental conditions can be regulated at levels optimal for growth, hatching, reproduction, or metabolic reactions.
Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A species of bacteria present in man and many kinds of animals and birds, often causing infertility and/or abortion.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
A vertical distance measured from a known level on the surface of a planet or other celestial body.
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
A mitosporic Trichocomaceae fungal genus that develops fruiting organs resembling a broom. When identified, teleomorphs include EUPENICILLIUM and TALAROMYCES. Several species (but especially PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM) are sources of the antibiotic penicillin.
Stable sulfur atoms that have the same atomic number as the element sulfur, but differ in atomic weight. S-33, 34, and 36 are stable sulfur isotopes.
Units that convert some other form of energy into electrical energy.
Inorganic compounds that contain carbon as an integral part of the molecule but are not derived from hydrocarbons.
Particles of any solid substance, generally under 30 microns in size, often noted as PM30. There is special concern with PM1 which can get down to PULMONARY ALVEOLI and induce MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION and PHAGOCYTOSIS leading to FOREIGN BODY REACTION and LUNG DISEASES.
A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)
Any of several processes for the permanent or long-term artificial or natural capture or removal and storage of carbon dioxide and other forms of carbon, through biological, chemical or physical processes, in a manner that prevents it from being released into the atmosphere.
Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity.
Closable openings in the epidermis of plants on the underside of leaves. They allow the exchange of gases between the internal tissues of the plant and the outside atmosphere.
The five-carbon building blocks of TERPENES that derive from MEVALONIC ACID or deoxyxylulose phosphate.
A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Inorganic oxides that contain nitrogen.
A process facilitated by specialized bacteria involving the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and nitrate.
Removal of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS or contaminants for the general protection of the environment. This is accomplished by various chemical, biological, and bulk movement methods, in conjunction with ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING.
A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.
A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE. The tree has smooth, resinous, varicolored or white bark, marked by horizontal pores (lenticels), which usually peels horizontally in thin sheets.
Discarded electronic devices containing valuable and sometimes hazardous materials such as LEAD, NICKEL, CADMIUM, and MERCURY. (from http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/ecycling/faq.htm#impact accessed 4/25/2010)
Supplying a building or house, their rooms and corridors, with fresh air. The controlling of the environment thus may be in public or domestic sites and in medical or non-medical locales. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.
A large group of rod-shaped bacteria that retains the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.
Sulfur compounds in which the sulfur atom is attached to three organic radicals and an electronegative element or radical.
A genus of gram-positive, spherical bacteria found in soils and fresh water, and frequently on the skin of man and other animals.
A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Environments or habitats at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and truly aquatic systems making them different from each yet highly dependent on both. Adaptations to low soil oxygen characterize many wetland species.
The application of smoke, vapor, or gas for the purpose of disinfecting or destroying pests or microorganisms.
A large and heterogenous group of fungi whose common characteristic is the absence of a sexual state. Many of the pathogenic fungi in humans belong to this group.
The Arctic Ocean and the lands in it and adjacent to it. It includes Point Barrow, Alaska, most of the Franklin District in Canada, two thirds of Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Lapland, Novaya Zemlya, and Northern Siberia. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p66)
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.
Organic and inorganic compounds that contain iron as an integral part of the molecule.
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.
The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means.
An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.
Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.
The enrichment of a terrestrial or aquatic ECOSYSTEM by the addition of nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, that results in a superabundant growth of plants, ALGAE, or other primary producers. It can be a natural process or result from human activity such as agriculture runoff or sewage pollution. In aquatic ecosystems, an increase in the algae population is termed an algal bloom.
Nitrate reduction process generally mediated by anaerobic bacteria by which nitrogen available to plants is converted to a gaseous form and lost from the soil or water column. It is a part of the nitrogen cycle.
Inorganic or organic compounds that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule.
The generic term for salts derived from silica or the silicic acids. They contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, and may contain hydrogen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th Ed)
Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.
A series of hydrocarbons containing both chlorine and fluorine. These have been used as refrigerants, blowing agents, cleaning fluids, solvents, and as fire extinguishing agents. They have been shown to cause stratospheric ozone depletion and have been banned for many uses.
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commensal in the respiratory tract.
A carboxy-lyase that plays a key role in photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE by catalyzing the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate from ribulose 1,5-biphosphate and CARBON DIOXIDE. It can also utilize OXYGEN as a substrate to catalyze the synthesis of 2-phosphoglycolate and 3-phosphoglycerate in a process referred to as photorespiration.
A plant genus of the family POLYGONACEAE that contains patientosides and other naphthalene glycosides.
Gases, fumes, vapors, and odors escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
The process in certain BACTERIA; FUNGI; and CYANOBACTERIA converting free atmospheric NITROGEN to biologically usable forms of nitrogen, such as AMMONIA; NITRATES; and amino compounds.
Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.
The use of chemical agents in TERRORISM. This includes the malevolent use of nerve agents, blood agents, blister agents, and choking agents (NOXAE).
Chemical bond cleavage reactions resulting from absorption of radiant energy.
A high-molecular-weight polymeric elastomer derived from the milk juice (LATEX) of HEVEA brasiliensis and other trees and plants. It is a substance that can be stretched at room temperature to at least twice its original length and after releasing the stress, retract rapidly, and recover its original dimensions fully.
A polyvinyl resin used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, including medical devices, tubing, and other packaging. It is also used as a rubber substitute.
An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.
Travel beyond the earth's atmosphere.
Decompression external to the body, most often the slow lessening of external pressure on the whole body (especially in caisson workers, deep sea divers, and persons who ascend to great heights) to prevent DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS. It includes also sudden accidental decompression, but not surgical (local) decompression or decompression applied through body openings.
A plant division of GYMNOSPERMS consisting of cone-bearing trees and shrubs.
The reproductive elements of lower organisms, such as BACTERIA; FUNGI; and cryptogamic plants.
Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.
Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
The period of history before 500 of the common era.
A family of gram-negative bacteria found primarily in the intestinal tracts and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Its organisms are sometimes pathogenic.
Any of a group of plants formed by a symbiotic combination of a fungus with an algae or CYANOBACTERIA, and sometimes both. The fungal component makes up the bulk of the lichen and forms the basis for its name.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
A large or important municipality of a country, usually a major metropolitan center.
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.
Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Free-floating minute organisms that are photosynthetic. The term is non-taxonomic and refers to a lifestyle (energy utilization and motility), rather than a particular type of organism. Most, but not all, are unicellular algae. Important groups include DIATOMS; DINOFLAGELLATES; CYANOBACTERIA; CHLOROPHYTA; HAPTOPHYTA; CRYPTOMONADS; and silicoflagellates.
Uncontrolled release of a chemical from its containment that either threatens to, or does, cause exposure to a chemical hazard. Such an incident may occur accidentally or deliberately.
Atomic species differing in mass number but having the same atomic number. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.
Myoglobin which is in the oxidized ferric or hemin form. The oxidation causes a change in color from red to brown.
Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
A genus of bacteria found in the reproductive organs, intestinal tract, and oral cavity of animals and man. Some species are pathogenic.

Passive exchanges during water vapour absorption in mealworms (Tenebrio molitor): a new approach to studying the phenomenon. (1/768)

The weights of single mealworms were continuously recorded at 20 degrees C during exposure to periods of constant humidity and to abrupt changes in atmospheric vapour pressure. Two exchange stages were recognized in each animal. Weight changes were either limited to slow losses, suggesting transpiration through the external cuticle, or showed more rapid humidity-dependent gains as well as losses. Rapid exchanges indicated that water was gained or lost through permeable barriers, from a fluid compartmet of significantly lower vapour pressure than the haemolymph, equivalent to about 90% R.H. Weight gains and losses during humidity changes provided evidence of a significant, passively exchanging fluid compartment located between the exchange surface and absorbing mechanism. Weight changes in faecal pellets following their elimination provide further support for a rectal site of atmospheric absorption.  (+info)

Volatile anaesthetics and the atmosphere: atmospheric lifetimes and atmospheric effects of halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, desflurane and sevoflurane. (2/768)

The atmospheric lifetimes of the halogenated anaesthetics halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, desflurane and sevoflurane with respect to reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH.) and UV photolysis have been determined from observations of OH. reaction kinetics and UV absorption spectra. Rate coefficients for the reaction with OH radicals for all halogenated anaesthetics investigated ranged from 0.44 to 2.7 x 10(-14) cm3 molec-1 s-1. Halothane, enflurane and isoflurane showed distinct UV absorption in the range 200-350 nm. In contrast, no absorption in this wavelength range was detected for desflurane or sevoflurane. The total atmospheric lifetimes, as derived from both OH. reactivity and photolysis, were 4.0-21.4 yr. It has been calculated that up to 20% of anaesthetics enter the stratosphere. As a result of chlorine and bromine content, the ozone depletion potential (ODP) relative to chlorofluorocarbon CFC-11 varies between 0 and 1.56, leading to a contribution to the total ozone depletion in the stratosphere of approximately 1% for halothane and 0.02% for enflurane and isoflurane. Estimates of the greenhouse warming potential (GWP) relative to CFC-12 yield values of 0.02-0.14, resulting in a relative contribution to global warming of all volatile anaesthetics of approximately 0.03%. The stratospheric impact of halothane, isoflurane and enflurane and their influence on ozone depletion is of increasing importance because of decreasing chlorofluorocarbons globally. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on greenhouse warming is small.  (+info)

Effects of in vitro atmospheric ammonia exposure on recovery rate and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of bovine neutrophils and bronchoalveolar macrophages. (3/768)

The effects of atmospheric ammonia, a major pollutant in animal confinement facilities, on bovine neutrophils and bronchoalveolar macrophages were evaluated in vitro. Ammonia exposure at concentrations 50, 100 and 200 ppm for one hour impaired recovery rates of neutrophils dose-dependently but enhanced their chemiluminescence activity per cell at lower concentrations (50 and 100 ppm). Macrophages were resistant to the exposure. Their recovery rates and chemiluminescence remained unaffected even at 200 ppm exposure. The present results suggest that ammonia exposure is unfavorable for bovine neutrophils in vitro, and probably in vivo also, in light of causing cell damage and triggering wider inflammatory responses.  (+info)

Galileo imaging of atmospheric emissions from Io. (4/768)

The Galileo spacecraft has detected diffuse optical emissions from Io in high-resolution images acquired while the satellite was eclipsed by Jupiter. Three distinct components make up Io's visible emissions. Bright blue glows of more than 300 kilorayleighs emanate from volcanic plumes, probably due to electron impact on molecular sulfur dioxide. Weaker red emissions, possibly due to atomic oxygen, are seen along the limbs, brighter on the pole closest to the plasma torus. A faint green glow appears concentrated on the night side of Io, possibly produced by atomic sodium. Io's disk-averaged emission diminishes with time after entering eclipse, whereas the localized blue glows brighten instead.  (+info)

Archean molecular fossils and the early rise of eukaryotes. (5/768)

Molecular fossils of biological lipids are preserved in 2700-million-year-old shales from the Pilbara Craton, Australia. Sequential extraction of adjacent samples shows that these hydrocarbon biomarkers are indigenous and syngenetic to the Archean shales, greatly extending the known geological range of such molecules. The presence of abundant 2alpha-methylhopanes, which are characteristic of cyanobacteria, indicates that oxygenic photosynthesis evolved well before the atmosphere became oxidizing. The presence of steranes, particularly cholestane and its 28- to 30-carbon analogs, provides persuasive evidence for the existence of eukaryotes 500 million to 1 billion years before the extant fossil record indicates that the lineage arose.  (+info)

Increased summertime UV radiation in New Zealand in response to ozone loss. (6/768)

Long-term decreases in summertime ozone over Lauder, New Zealand (45 degrees S), are shown to have led to substantial increases in peak ultraviolet (UV) radiation intensities. In the summer of 1998-99, the peak sunburning UV radiation was about 12 percent more than in the first years of the decade. Larger increases were seen for DNA-damaging UV radiation and plant-damaging UV radiation, whereas UV-A (315 to 400 nanometers) radiation, which is insensitive to ozone, showed no increase, in agreement with model calculations. These results provide strong evidence of human-induced increases in UV radiation, in a region where baseline levels of UV radiation were already relatively high.  (+info)

Climate change as a regulator of tectonics on Venus. (7/768)

Tectonics, volcanism, and climate on Venus may be strongly coupled. Large excursions in surface temperature predicted to follow a global or near-global volcanic event diffuse into the interior and introduce thermal stresses of a magnitude sufficient to influence widespread tectonic deformation. This sequence of events accounts for the timing and many of the characteristics of deformation in the ridged plains of Venus, the most widely preserved volcanic terrain on the planet.  (+info)

The gravity field of Mars: results from Mars Global Surveyor. (8/768)

Observations of the gravity field of Mars reveal a planet that has responded differently in its northern and southern hemispheres to major impacts and volcanic processes. The rough, elevated southern hemisphere has a relatively featureless gravitational signature indicating a state of near-isostatic compensation, whereas the smooth, low northern plains display a wider range of gravitational anomalies that indicates a thinner but stronger surface layer than in the south. The northern hemisphere shows evidence for buried impact basins, although none large enough to explain the hemispheric elevation difference. The gravitational potential signature of Tharsis is approximately axisymmetric and contains the Tharsis Montes but not the Olympus Mons or Alba Patera volcanoes. The gravity signature of Valles Marineris extends into Chryse and provides an estimate of material removed by early fluvial activity.  (+info)

Hyperoxia can cause damage to the body's tissues and organs, particularly the lungs and brain. In severe cases, hyperoxia can lead to respiratory failure, seizures, and even death.

There are several ways to diagnose hyperoxia, including:

1. Blood tests: These can measure the levels of oxygen in the blood.
2. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis: This is a test that measures the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
3. Pulse oximetry: This is a non-invasive test that measures the amount of oxygen in the blood by shining a light through the skin.

Treatment for hyperoxia depends on the underlying cause, but may include:

1. Oxygen therapy: This involves administering oxygen to the patient through a mask or nasal tubes.
2. Medications: These may be used to treat any underlying conditions that are causing hyperoxia.
3. Mechanical ventilation: In severe cases, this may be necessary to support the patient's breathing.

In summary, hyperoxia is a condition where there is too much oxygen in the body, and it can cause damage to the body's tissues and organs. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests or other tests, and treatment may involve oxygen therapy, medications, or mechanical ventilation.

The severity of decompression sickness can vary widely, ranging from mild discomfort to life-threatening complications. In severe cases, the condition can cause respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and even death.

The risk of developing decompression sickness increases with the depth and duration of the dive, as well as the speed at which the diver surfaces. To minimize the risk of this condition, divers are advised to follow established diving procedures and protocols, including gradual ascent from depth and regular stops at specific depths to allow for decompression.

Treatment for decompression sickness typically involves hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber to help dissolved gases in the body to be absorbed and excreted more quickly. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat complications such as respiratory or cardiac failure.

Prevention is key when it comes to decompression sickness, and divers are advised to take a number of precautions to minimize their risk, including:

1. Planning dives carefully to avoid excessive depth and duration.
2. Following established diving procedures and protocols.
3. Using proper equipment and maintaining it in good condition.
4. Making gradual ascents from depth and regular stops at specific depths to allow for decompression.
5. Avoiding alcohol and sedatives before and after diving.
6. Getting plenty of rest before and after diving.
7. Seeking medical attention if any symptoms of decompression sickness are experienced.

... of the Sun Atmosphere of Mercury Atmosphere of Venus Atmosphere of Earth Atmosphere of the Moon Atmosphere of Mars ... Atmosphere of Ceres Atmosphere of Jupiter Atmosphere of Io Atmosphere of Callisto Atmosphere of Europa Atmosphere of Ganymede ... Atmosphere of Saturn Atmosphere of Titan Atmosphere of Enceladus Atmosphere of Uranus Atmosphere of Titania Atmosphere of ... A planet retains an atmosphere when the gravity is great and the temperature of the atmosphere is low. A stellar atmosphere is ...
... : Ballads and Banjo Tunes from Virginia and North Carolina is a 1975 compilation album released by Rounder ... "allmusic ((( High Atmosphere > Overview )))". allmusic. Retrieved 2008-12-28. Smith, Hazel (April 25, 2005). "HOT DISH: The ... 1992 includes three covers of songs from High Atmosphere. Jeff Tweedy is the vocalist on all of these cover versions. Allmusic ... review http://www.discogs.com/Various-High-Atmosphere/release/3769167 and the actual LP for confirmation Mathews, Burgin. " ...
The atmosphere has a plane-parallel atmosphere geometry. The atmosphere is in a thermal radiative equilibrium. This set of ... is a useful set of approximations made for radiative transfer applications in studies of stellar atmospheres (atmospheres of ... The grey atmosphere approximation is the primary method astronomers use to determine the temperature and basic radiative ... Although this may be true for lower depths within the stellar atmosphere, near the surface it almost certainly isn't. However, ...
The stellar atmosphere is divided into several regions of distinct character: The photosphere, which is the atmosphere's lowest ... The stellar atmosphere is the outer region of the volume of a star, lying above the stellar core, radiation zone and convection ... This part of the atmosphere first cools down and then starts to heat up to about 10 times the temperature of the photosphere. ... The outermost part of the stellar atmosphere is the corona, a tenuous plasma which has a temperature above one million Kelvin. ...
... is a jazz standard by Dizzy Gillespie originally recorded in 1945 with Charlie Parker. Harmonically, it is ...
In the study of Earth's atmosphere, subsidence is the downward movement of an air parcel as it cools and becomes denser. By ... Atmosphere, Meteorological phenomena, All stub articles, Atmospheric science stubs). ...
The prebiotic atmosphere is the second atmosphere present on Earth before today's biotic, oxygen-rich third atmosphere, and ... after the first atmosphere of Earth's formation. The formation of the Earth, roughly 4.5 billion years ago, involved multiple ...
A controlled atmosphere is an agricultural storage method in which the concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, ... Such controlled atmosphere treatments of grains may take several weeks at lower temperatures (. ... Both dry commodities and fresh fruit and vegetables can be stored in controlled atmospheres. Grains, legumes and oilseed are ... stored in a controlled atmosphere primarily to control insect pests. Most insects cannot survive indefinitely without oxygen or ...
Primary atmospheres are very thick compared to secondary atmospheres like the one found on Earth. The primary atmosphere was ... A primary atmosphere is an atmosphere of a planet that forms by accretion of gaseous matter from the accretion disc of the ... v t e (Atmosphere, Planetary atmospheres, Atmospheric sciences, All stub articles, Atmospheric science stubs). ... James Schombert (2004). "Primary Atmospheres (Astronomy 121: Lecture 14 Terrestrial Planet Atmospheres)". Department of Physics ...
... is a collective term that refers to various layers of the atmosphere of the Earth above the troposphere and ... CS1 German-language sources (de), Atmosphere of Earth, Atmosphere). ... "middle atmosphere" rather than the upper atmosphere The thermosphere, which on Earth lies between the altitudes of about 80 and ... an ionized portion of the upper atmosphere which includes the upper mesosphere, thermosphere, and lower exosphere and on Earth ...
... is a collective term sometimes used to refer to various layers of the atmosphere of the Earth and ... "middle atmosphere" rather than the lower atmosphere This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Lower ... atmosphere. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. ( ... corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets, and includes: The troposphere, which on Earth extends from the ...
Mercury - the tenuous atmosphere contains trace amounts of methane. Venus - the atmosphere may contain a large amount of ... Comparisons of these atmospheres to one another and to Earth's atmosphere broaden our basic understanding of atmospheric ... Titan has by far the densest atmosphere of any moon. The Titanian atmosphere is in fact denser than Earth's, with a surface ... This may ionize and carry away some molecules from the top of the atmosphere. Titan's atmosphere supports an opaque cloud layer ...
... is a collective term sometimes used to refer to various layers of the atmosphere of the Earth and ... "lower atmosphere" rather than the middle atmosphere The mesosphere, which on Earth lies between the altitudes of about 50 and ... rather than the middle atmosphere This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Middle atmosphere. If an ... corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets, and includes: The stratosphere, which on Earth lies between the ...
The time required to form a new ionic atmosphere on the right or time required for ionic atmosphere on the left to fade away is ... the central ion at the centre of the ionic atmosphere is influenced to move towards the pole opposite its ionic atmosphere. ... This influence on the speed of an ion is known as the "Asymmetry effect" because the ionic atmosphere moving around the ion is ... Ionic Atmosphere is a concept employed in Debye-Hückel theory which explains the electrolytic conductivity behaviour of ...
Official Stormy Atmosphere Facebook page Stormy Atmosphere Official YouTube channel Stormy Atmosphere on SoundCloud (Pages ... "Stormy Atmosphere". Encyclopaedia Metallum. Retrieved 3 April 2015. "Stormy Atmosphere page on Encyclopaedia Metallum". OV ... "Stormy Atmosphere Facebook Official "Pent Letters" release announsement". Retrieved 18 June 2015. "Stormy Atmosphere Tour ... "Stormy Atmosphere - 2012 - "Color Blind"". Progressor. Retrieved 3 April 2015. "STORMY ATMOSPHERE: COLOR BLIND (2012)". Music ...
... may refer to: A standard reference value for air pressure: Atmosphere (unit), an approximation of the value ... Standard Atmosphere, a series of models that give values for pressure, density, and temperature over a range of altitudes The ... International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), an international standard model, defining typical atmospheric properties with altitude ... conditions for temperature and pressure This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Standard atmosphere. ...
The only Atmosphere component still in use at Adobe is the scripting API; other Atmosphere components including scene graphs ... Henle, Greg (2003-01-20). "Re: How did you first learn about Atmosphere?". Newsgroup: adobe.atmosphere. Usenet: 1de77450.18@ ... Scented Nectar (2003-01-20). "Re: How did you first learn about Atmosphere?". Newsgroup: adobe.atmosphere. Usenet: 1de77450.9@ ... However, Viewpoint stopped supporting the Atmosphere subcomponent some time before Atmosphere was discontinued. Unlike the more ...
Cottrell atmospheres occur in body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) materials, such as iron or nickel, with ... Cottrell atmospheres lead to formation of Lüders bands and large forces for deep drawing and forming large sheets, making them ... The Cottrell atmosphere also has important consequences for material behavior at high homologous temperatures, i.e. when the ... While the Cottrell atmosphere is a general effect, there are additional related mechanisms that occur under more specialized ...
Atmosphere spun off from Chive Media Group in 2019 under the legal name of Rarified Atmosphere, Inc., with an initial launch of ... Atmosphere.TV or simply Atmosphere is a global over-the-top video on-demand service, headquartered in Austin, Texas, that ... "Chive Media Group Launches Atmosphere, the World's First OTT Ambient TV Platform". AP NEWS. December 17, 2021. "Atmosphere Gets ... Atmosphere News. Atmosphere customers include Taco Bell, Burger King, Meineke Car Care Centers, Westin Hotels & Resorts, other ...
Atmosphere is a luxury residential superstructure in Kolkata, India. Atmosphere consists of two tall towers and a 'Deya', the ... Atmosphere was selected by Nat Geo to feature in their Megastructures documentary series. List of tallest buildings in Kolkata ... The Atmosphere official site (All articles with dead external links, Articles with dead external links from May 2019, Articles ... Sitting 500 ft in the air, 'Deya' (which means cloud in Bengali) connects the two towers that make up Atmosphere. Deya houses ...
A reducing atmosphere is also used to produce specific effects on ceramic wares being fired. A reduction atmosphere is produced ... Although early in its history the Earth had a reducing atmosphere, it now instead has an oxidizing atmosphere with molecular ... which gradually increased the oxygen portion of the atmosphere, changing it to what is known as an oxidizing atmosphere. With ... entailed reactions in a reducing atmosphere composed of a mixed atmosphere of methane, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide. Some ...
Atmosphere (unit), a unit of pressure Atmosphere of Earth Extraterrestrial atmospheres Stellar atmosphere Atmosphere (music ... Atmosphere album) (1997) Atmosphere (Eloy Fritsch album) (2003) Atmosphere (Kaskade album) (2013), or the title song Atmosphere ... Look up atmosphere in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. An atmosphere is a gas layer around a celestial body. Atmosphere may ... "Atmosphere" (Joy Division song) (1980) "Atmosphere" (Kaskade song) (2013) "Atmosphere" (1975), from Let's Take It to the Stage ...
... is an album composed entirely by Texas-born saxophonist Julius Hemphill. Tzadik Records released the album in ... One Atmosphere at AllMusic. Retrieved March 12, 2012. Catalog Entry @ Tzadik v t e (Articles with short description, Short ... "One Atmosphere" - 9:01 "Savannah Suite" - 8:20 "Water Music for Woodwinds: Mr. Neptune" - 9:13 "Water Music for Woodwinds: Miss ...
"Atmosphere (2) - Ain't Nobody (CDr) at Discogs". "Atmosphere (2) - Bob Seger (File, MP3) at Discogs". "Atmosphere (2) - ... "Atmosphere - Pure Evil - YouTube". Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Atmosphere discography discography at Discogs (All ... Specific "Atmosphere Chart History: Billboard 200". Billboard. Retrieved 2018-10-16. "Atmosphere > Charts & Awards > Billboard ... ". "Atmosphere (2) - Bitter (File, MP3) at Discogs". "Atmosphere (2) - Kanye West (CDr) at Discogs". "Atmosphere - Ringo ( ...
A secondary atmosphere is an atmosphere of a planet that did not form by accretion during the formation of the planet's star. A ... Secondary atmospheres are relatively thin compared to primary atmospheres like Jupiter's. Further processing of a secondary ... "Primary Atmospheres (Astronomy 121: Lecture 14 Terrestrial Planet Atmospheres)". Department of Physics University of Oregon. ... atmosphere, for example by the processes of biological life, can produce a tertiary atmosphere, such as that of Earth[citation ...
Atmosphere is a monthly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering research related to the Earth's atmosphere. The ... "Atmosphere". 2020 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Clarivate Analytics. 2020. Official website (Articles ...
... packaging (MAP) is the practice of modifying the composition of the internal atmosphere of a package ( ... The atmosphere in an MA package consists mainly of adjusted amounts of N2, O2, and CO2. Reduction of O2 promotes delay in ... Atmosphere within the package can be modified passively or actively. In passive MAP, the high concentration of CO2 and low O2 ... Controlled atmosphere storage (CAS) was used from the 1930s when ships transporting fresh apples and pears had high levels of ...
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atmosphere (band). Atmosphere at AllMusic Slug of Atmosphere interview on Primat City TV ... In 2001, Atmosphere made three separate tours across North America and Europe. With Lucy Ford, Atmosphere also finally achieved ... "Free Atmosphere Ep "Leak at Will" - Myspace-Blog , Van Atmosphere". Blogs.myspace.com. November 5, 2004. Retrieved October 7, ... "Interview: Slug of Atmosphere". 4twk.com. October 20, 2008. Retrieved October 7, 2010. "Atmosphere: More than a Feeling". XLR8R ...
Fink, Uwe; Larson, Harold P.; Poppen, Richard F. (1974). "A new upper limit for an atmosphere of CO2, CO on Mercury". The ... The existence of a Mercurian atmosphere was contentious until 1974, although by that time a consensus had formed that Mercury, ... 2007). "Mercury's Atmosphere: A Surface-Bounded Exosphere". Space Science Reviews. 131 (1-4): 161-186. Bibcode:2007SSRv..131.. ... Rasool, S.I.; Gross, S.H.; McGovern, W.E. (1966). "The atmosphere of Mercury". Space Science Reviews. 5 (5): 565-584. Bibcode: ...
Uranus's atmosphere is the coldest of all the planets, with its temperature reaching as low as 49 K. The Uranian atmosphere can ... They generally confirmed that the atmosphere was made of mainly hydrogen and helium with around 2% methane. The atmosphere ... and to study the dynamics of the Uranian atmosphere. The composition of the Uranian atmosphere is different from that of Uranus ... The atmosphere of Uranus is calm compared to those of other giant planets. Only a limited number of small bright clouds at ...
... atmosphere: Vertical structure of the atmosphere: …and heterosphere, is called the turbopause. ... structure of the atmosphere. *. In atmosphere: Vertical structure of the atmosphere. …and heterosphere, is called the ...
... , an international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal. ... Submit to Atmosphere Review for Atmosphere Journal Menu. ► ▼ ... https://www.mdpi.com/journal/atmosphere/special_issues/9Y4T3T16J8/abstract. clear Back to TopTop ...
Watch the latest videos about #beautiful_atmosphere on TikTok. ... Beautiful_atmosphere. #explor. #صلي_على_النبي. #مربوعت_الخير ... Beautiful_atmosphere. #Honey_Munch. #Pizza. #Cuisine. #Fast_Foods. #viralvideo. #Raiwind. Road #Lahore. ... Beautiful_atmosphere. #longest_bridge. #Travel_Nepal. #Travel_Kushma. parbat #Beautiful_River. #foryoupage. viral this video ...
Figure 7-1: Transport aircraft cruise speed progress ...
Plutos atmosphere may completely collapse and freeze by 2030, according to a 28-year study of the small, cold dwarf planet on ... is the most distant of its kind with an atmosphere in our solar system. The atmosphere is largely made up of nitrogen, with ... Plutos atmosphere may completely collapse and freeze by 2030, according to a 28-year study of the small, cold dwarf planet on ... If Plutos atmosphere collapses and freezes over, the dwarf planet may appear brighter in our sky because it will reflect more ...
Mining Publication: Use of Vacutainers for Collection of Mine Atmosphere Samples. Keywords: Atmospheric monitoring Gas ... investigated accurate and convenient gas samplers for use by mine inspectors in sampling mine atmospheres. The samplers are ...
However, such an atmosphere would have far lower oxidizing potential than our present atmosphere. Millers1 work reported in ... HCN formation, since a cold atmosphere is not likely on a hot but cooling earth, and also an atmosphere with a high partial ... The following table compares this atmosphere with the composition of the present oxidizing atmosphere. ... The Primitive atmosphere. by D. Denner. Popular views on evolution include the concept that life originally arose from non- ...
Navigating the complex landscape of global hazardous locations and explosive atmospheres is a challenge. ... Global HazLoc and Explosive Atmosphere Markings. Navigating the complex landscape of global hazardous locations and explosive ... Navigating the complex landscape of global hazardous locations and explosive atmospheres is a challenge. ULs expertise is here ... This webinar covers HazLoc and Explosive Atmospheres markings and certifications, including North American Listings, ATEX and ...
Find Nitrogen Tetroxide in Atmosphere of Venus By Science News. November 14, 1959. ... Jupiters Satellite Ganymede Has an Atmosphere By Science News. October 6, 1973. ...
A British-based team of astronomers discovered poisonous carbon monoxide gas in the atmosphere of the dwarf planet Pluto. The ... Fluctuations in the atmosphere have been seen before, but only in the lower atmosphere, where methane - the only other gas to ... "This cold simple atmosphere that is strongly driven by the heat from the sun could give us important clues to how some of the ... The atmosphere of Pluto was known to extend more than 60 miles (about 100 kilometers) above the surface, the researchers said, ...
The atmosphere of a school is more than just academics-it is made up of those tiny, everyday interactions and observations that ... But the atmosphere of a college is essential to determining whether or not you like the school-even if its not a priority, the ... But the atmosphere of a school is more than just academics-it is made up of those tiny, everyday interactions and observations ... The atmosphere was one of palpable excitement, and I left feeling like this could maybe be the right place for me. ...
Tim Berglund discusses creating an atmosphere of psychological safety for a team and the impact it can have. ... Creating an atmosphere of safety is key to making that collaborative process work well. ... Tim Berglund discusses creating an atmosphere of psychological safety for a team and the impact it can have. ...
Copyright © 2021 Young Living Essential Oils. All rights reserved.. YOUNG LIVING ESSENTIAL OILS. ...
Atmosphere 23 registration is open! Join us April 23-28 at The Venetian Resort Las Vegas. ...
Create the Online Atmosphere You Want with Ambiance Pro. Brian Gardner on March 11, 2014. ... Some themes try to define your sites character and atmosphere for you. Better themes get out of your way and let you do it - ... A memorable website has a character that connects with readers and an atmosphere that makes them want to stay. ...
The amount of heat-trapping carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has shot past a key milestone -- more than 50% higher than pre- ... In other words, if youre measuring the atmosphere, youre not seeing anything happening right now in terms of change, said ... Both changes were small compared to how much carbon dioxide is pumped into the atmosphere each year, especially considering ... so humans have significantly changed the atmosphere. Some activists and scientists want a level of 350 parts per million. ...
Importance of the Atmosphere * Historical Study Efforts * Pesticides Found in the Atmosphere * Geographic Distribution of ... Pesticides in the Atmosphere U.S. Geological Survey, Fact Sheet FS-152-95. Current Understanding of Distribution and Major ... Amounts of Applied Pesticides that Reach the Atmosphere * Significance to Water Quality * Conclusions ... Pesticides have been detected in the atmosphere in all areas of the nation sampled. *Concentrations of a pesticide in air and ...
A New Scopes Trial Atmosphere?--. In David Brooks latest editorial in the New York Times, he rightly dismisses the ...
Plutos atmosphere, icecaps and other surprises. The dwarf planet is a weird cross between icy Antarctica and smoggy Los ... Equally baffling is the measurement of the mass of the atmosphere. Two methods have been used. One is the method that was first ... It relies on watching a star passing behind and observing how much of its light is dimmed by Plutos atmosphere - this way, ... If the new measurement is correct, it doesnt necessarily mean the atmosphere has been lost to space. Because of its extreme ...
ATMOSPHERE URINE - Supreme and Antihero work in collaboration on a collection designed for the Fall/Winter 2020 season entitled ... Supreme and Antihero work in collaboration on a collection designed for the Fall/Winter 2020 season entitled ATMOSPHERE URINE ... Supreme and Antihero Join Forces on the ATMOSPHERE URINE Capsule. Amy Duong - December 1, 2020 - Lifestyle ...
"The concentration of oxygen in Diones atmosphere is roughly similar to what you would find in Earths atmosphere at an ... Tagsatmosphere, Cassini, exosphere, Los Alamos, O2, oxygen, Saturn, Solar System, Tokar. 3 Replies to "Saturns "Wispy" Moon ... Saturns "Wispy" Moon Has An Oxygen Atmosphere. [/caption]. Theres oxygen around Dione, a research team led by scientists at ... been found by the Los Alamos researchers to confirm the presence of molecular oxygen high in Diones extremely thin atmosphere ...
The perfectly fitting full face mask Atmosphere protects your face from cold and contaminated water. Compatible with any ... atmosphere. The perfectly fitting Atmosphere protects your face from the cold. Install communication equipment to talk with a ... The perfectly fitting Atmosphere is the fullface mask of choice for professional and cold water divers. Developed initially for ...
Digital Atmosphere. This is the place to get help with Digital Atmosphere, suggest improvements, and get tips. ... Ordering Digital Atmosphere Last post by munley « Sun Nov 17, 2019 4:50 pm. ... Creating soundings causes Digital Atmosphere to hang Last post by ianp « Tue Jun 21, 2022 2:42 pm. ... Digital Atmosphere scripting laboratory has moved to the main menu of the forum ...
... and DJ Rare Groove are rocking two more shows in the great state of Tennessee together before Atmosphere heads out to play two ... Atmosphere, Blueprint, I Self Devine,and DJ Rare Groove are rocking two more shows in the great state of Tennessee together ... Atmosphere: Facebook , Twitter , Google+ , Ping , Myspace Rhymesayers: Facebook , Twitter , YouTube , Google+ , Flickr , ... Atmosphere can be seen holding it down for RSE at in Kentucky and New York this week at Forecastle Fest and Camp Bisco. Dont ...
... atmosphere for clues to origins of the planets water. ... "Venus today has a thick atmosphere that contains very little ... Venus Watery History Under Scanner: NASA To Send Rocket To Probe Planets Atmosphere. By Kukil Bora @KukilBora 11/26/13 AT 12: ... A week after launching a probe to examine Mars upper atmosphere, NASA is now set to send up a research rocket to inspect the ... "VeSpR will peek at Venus from above Earths absorbing atmosphere, and MAVEN will journey to Mars to do a long-term study." ...
... : A comprehensive series of articles on this ... Matt Fitzpatrick relishing hostile atmosphere awaiting Team Europe at Ryder Cup. Matt Fitzpatrick will make his second Ryder ... Europes players are braced for a hostile atmosphere when they attempt to retain the Ryder Cup against the United States at ...
So, it seems to us that the most likely explanation for this is a large ejection of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. And, ... He has calculated that the size of an eruption needed to put the amount of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere that his team ... Atmosphere of Venus yields evidence of volcanic activity on Earths sister planet ...
... allowing exercise and fitness in a socially distant atmosphere, but how difficult is it to keep patrons safe while theyre ... Gyms in Arizona have re-opened, allowing exercise and fitness in a socially distant atmosphere, but how difficult is it to keep ...
  • In their research into the possible chemical environs and reactions necessary for such an event, many early evolutionary researchers (pre 1930) assumed that the earth's atmosphere had never been radically different than the present, i.e. contained free oxygen (O 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ) and minor carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). (creation.com)
  • Adding into their calculations the present known rate at which the hydrogen in the earth's atmosphere (from whatever source) escapes into space they concluded that to produce present known quantities of O 2 from H 2 O and to let the double volume of H 2 escape until it reached its present value of 1 x 10- 6 atm, would have taken many thousands of trillions of years. (creation.com)
  • This age for earth's atmosphere was felt to be unrealistically high. (creation.com)
  • This cold simple atmosphere that is strongly driven by the heat from the sun could give us important clues to how some of the basic physics works, and act as a contrasting test-bed to help us better understand the Earth's atmosphere. (space.com)
  • The concentration of oxygen in Dione's atmosphere is roughly similar to what you would find in Earth's atmosphere at an altitude of about 300 miles," said Robert Tokar, researcher at Los Alamos National Laboratory and lead author of the paper published in Geophysical Research Letters. (universetoday.com)
  • VeSpR will peek at Venus from above Earth's absorbing atmosphere, and MAVEN will journey to Mars to do a long-term study. (ibtimes.com)
  • Scientists said measurements like these cannot be done using ground-based telescopes because Earth's atmosphere absorbs most UV light before it reaches the planet. (ibtimes.com)
  • In this case, the sounding rocket will carry the telescope more than 65 miles above the Earth's surface, and at that altitude, the atmosphere thins out enough to allow UV readings. (ibtimes.com)
  • A British-based team of astronomers, led by Jane Greaves of the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, found a strong signal of carbon monoxide gas in Pluto's atmosphere using the 15-meter James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii. (space.com)
  • The atmosphere of Pluto was known to extend more than 60 miles (about 100 kilometers) above the surface, the researchers said, but the new findings raise that height to more than 1,860 miles (3,000 km) - equivalent to a quarter of the distance out to Pluto's largest moon, Charon. (space.com)
  • Pluto's resulting atmosphere is probably the most fragile in our solar system, the researchers said, with the top layers blowing off into the cosmos. (space.com)
  • The height to which we see the carbon monoxide agrees well with models of how the solar wind strips Pluto's atmosphere," said Christiane Helling, a member of the research team at the University of St. Andrews. (space.com)
  • In Pluto's atmosphere, carbon monoxide acts as a coolant, while methane absorbs sunlight, which produces heating. (space.com)
  • The newly discovered carbon monoxide could play a key role in slowing the loss of Pluto's atmosphere. (space.com)
  • We're having to start from scratch, changing what we thought we knew about Pluto's atmosphere. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Backlit by the Sun, Pluto's atmosphere forms a glowing halo in this image from NASA's New Horizons spacecraft. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • One is the method that was first used to detect Pluto's atmosphere. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • It relies on watching a star passing behind and observing how much of its light is dimmed by Pluto's atmosphere - this way, scientists can measure its density and mass. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • This webinar covers HazLoc and Explosive Atmospheres markings and certifications, including North American Listings, ATEX and IECEx Certifications. (ul.com)
  • Poisonous carbon monoxide gas has been discovered in the atmosphere of the dwarf planet Pluto, after a worldwide search that lasted nearly two decades, according to a new study that also detected the planet's atmosphere extendingmuch higher above the surface than previously thought. (space.com)
  • The processes on Pluto could also help scientists understand the mechanisms that govern the behavior of our own planet's atmosphere. (space.com)
  • Now its snapshots have revealed the dwarf planet's fine hazy upper atmosphere - images that "brought tears to our eyes", says Michael Summers, a planetary scientist from George Mason University in Virginia and a co-investigator on the mission. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • A week after launching a probe to examine Mars' upper atmosphere, NASA is now set to send up a research rocket to inspect the atmosphere of Venus, and to determine if the planet's surface ever harbored water. (ibtimes.com)
  • VeSpR will study the ultraviolet, or UV, light that is emitted by Venus' atmosphere for information about the history of the planet's water. (ibtimes.com)
  • Fluctuations in the atmosphere have been seen before, but only in the lower atmosphere, where methane - the only other gas to be positively identified - has also been seen to vary, the researchers said. (space.com)
  • Maintaining a balance between the two gases, which are actually just trace elements in what is thought to be an atmosphere dominated by nitrogen , is critical during the long seasons on Pluto that last several decades. (space.com)
  • According to NASA, VeSpR will take measurements specifically in the upper atmosphere to solve this uncertainty. (ibtimes.com)
  • We think the atmosphere may have grown in size, or the carbon monoxide abundance may have been boosted. (space.com)
  • The amount of heat-trapping carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has shot past a key milestone -- more than 50% higher than pre-industrial times -- and is at levels not seen since millions of years ago when Earth was a hothouse ocean-inundated planet , federal scientists announced Friday. (ktvu.com)
  • Before the industrial revolution in the late 19th century carbon dioxide levels were at 280 parts per million, scientists said, so humans have significantly changed the atmosphere. (ktvu.com)
  • Both changes were small compared to how much carbon dioxide is pumped into the atmosphere each year, especially considering that carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere hundreds to a thousand years, Tans said. (ktvu.com)
  • Pluto is the only dwarf planet known to have an atmosphere. (space.com)
  • Astronomers have known that Pluto has an atmosphere since 1988, when they watched the dwarf planet as a star passed directly behind it. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • The second method involved NASA scientists beaming radio waves toward Pluto, timed so they'd pierce the atmosphere and be picked up by New Horizons passing behind. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Scientists have long speculated that by the time Pluto reaches its furthest point in 2113 - nearly half again as distant from the Sun as its present position - its atmosphere will have frozen out completely. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Data acquired during a flyby of the moon by the Cassini spacecraft in 2010 have been found by the Los Alamos researchers to confirm the presence of molecular oxygen high in Dione's extremely thin atmosphere - so thin, in fact, that scientists prefer the term exosphere . (universetoday.com)
  • Scientists say it is still unclear whether water existed on the surface of Venus or only high up in its atmosphere, where temperatures are cooler. (ibtimes.com)
  • NASA is launching a sounding rocket to study ultraviolet light being emitted from the atmosphere of Venus, shown here in false color to highlight subtle contrasts in cloud markings. (ibtimes.com)
  • Venus today has a thick atmosphere that contains very little water, but we think the planet started out with an ocean's worth of water," John T. Clarke of Boston University, and the mission's principal investigator, said in a statement. (ibtimes.com)
  • Some previous estimates had indicated that Venus could have had enough ancient water to cover the whole globe with 23 feet of liquid, before it was found that the amounts of hydrogen and deuterium, a heavier version of hydrogen, can vary at different heights in Venus' atmosphere, changing the calculations. (ibtimes.com)
  • It would be impossible to produce such molecules in the presence of an oxidizing atmosphere. (creation.com)
  • The molecules in the atmosphere can "freeze out", settling on the surface like frost. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Results of search for 'su:{Atmosphere. (who.int)
  • Tim Berglund discusses creating an atmosphere of psychological safety for a team and the impact it can have. (infoq.com)
  • Creating an atmosphere of safety is key to making that collaborative process work well. (infoq.com)
  • NASA launched the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution, or MAVEN, mission from its Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida on Nov. 18. (ibtimes.com)
  • Mars atmosphere. (bvsalud.org)
  • In any closed environment containing humans, a safe breathing atmosphere is critical. (cdc.gov)
  • This is the place to get help with Digital Atmosphere, suggest improvements, and get tips. (weathergraphics.com)
  • Sitting on Tappan Square with my friends during Orientation Week, marveling at how the slight breeze, bumblebees lazily floating by, and faint strains of music combined to create a feeling of contentment, I felt an atmosphere of peace. (oberlin.edu)
  • When I arrived and felt the vibrant atmosphere at the office, my heart said "Yes - do it, too! (who.int)
  • The only feasible alternative atmosphere envisaged to provide a 'protective' environment for organic reactions, was a reducing atmosphere-one which had little or no free oxidizing compounds present. (creation.com)
  • The following table compares this atmosphere with the composition of the present oxidizing atmosphere. (creation.com)
  • However, such an atmosphere would have far lower oxidizing potential than our present atmosphere. (creation.com)
  • Urey's work is very dependent upon his concept that the present observable atmosphere on Jupiter represents what the original earth must have been like. (creation.com)
  • Low levels of long-lived pesticides are present in the atmosphere throughout the year. (usgs.gov)
  • The perfectly fitting Atmosphere is the fullface mask of choice for professional and cold water divers. (poseidon.com)
  • This study investigated the relationship between family violence, family atmosphere and symptoms of mental disorders in the adolescence. (bvsalud.org)
  • Methods of reducing bacterial contamination of the atmosphere arising from use of an air-polisher. (bvsalud.org)
  • Supreme and Antihero work in collaboration on a collection designed for the Fall/Winter 2020 season entitled 'ATMOSPHERE URINE. (trendhunter.com)
  • If the new measurement is correct, it doesn't necessarily mean the atmosphere has been lost to space. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • A memorable website has a character that connects with readers and an atmosphere that makes them want to stay. (studiopress.com)
  • In reality, choosing a college requires an in-depth personal reflection of what you want to get out of these four years, and this, admittedly, goes beyond the atmosphere of a school. (oberlin.edu)
  • Urey in collaboration with Miller, 4 attempted to quantify his views about early atmosphere composition. (creation.com)
  • The perfectly fitting Atmosphere protects your face from the cold. (poseidon.com)
  • the total amount of free O 2 in today's atmosphere. (creation.com)
  • I honestly believe that seemingly insignificant effects, like a place's atmosphere, can have tangible effects on how comfortable one feels in that place, so I was excited and nervous to figure out how I would perceive Oberlin's atmosphere. (oberlin.edu)
  • The atmosphere was one of palpable excitement, and I left feeling like this could maybe be the right place for me. (oberlin.edu)
  • But the atmosphere of a school is more than just academics-it is made up of those tiny, everyday interactions and observations that define one's relation to a place. (oberlin.edu)
  • This report summarizes a comprehensive analysis of existing information on national and regional patterns of pesticides in the atmosphere and major influences on their sources and transport. (usgs.gov)

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