Atlanto occipital joint. Medical search

Part of the back and base of the CRANIUM that encloses the FORAMEN MAGNUM.

Also known as articulations, these are points of connection between the ends of certain separate bones, or where the borders of other bones are juxtaposed.

A synovial hinge connection formed between the bones of the FEMUR; TIBIA; and PATELLA.

The articulation between the head of one phalanx and the base of the one distal to it, in each finger.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

The joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the TALUS.

The point of articulation between the OCCIPITAL BONE and the CERVICAL ATLAS.

The joint that is formed by the articulation of the head of FEMUR and the ACETABULUM of the PELVIS.

The articulations between the various TARSAL BONES. This does not include the ANKLE JOINT which consists of the articulations between the TIBIA; FIBULA; and TALUS.

Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.

The joint that is formed by the distal end of the RADIUS, the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint, and the proximal row of CARPAL BONES; (SCAPHOID BONE; LUNATE BONE; triquetral bone).

The sac enclosing a joint. It is composed of an outer fibrous articular capsule and an inner SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.

The immovable joint formed by the lateral surfaces of the SACRUM and ILIUM.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.

Area of the OCCIPITAL LOBE concerned with the processing of visual information relayed via VISUAL PATHWAYS.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)

Lack of stability of a joint or joint prosthesis. Factors involved are intra-articular disease and integrity of extra-articular structures such as joint capsule, ligaments, and muscles.

A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)

Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere. It is located posterior to central sulcus, anterior to the OCCIPITAL LOBE, and superior to the TEMPORAL LOBES.

The articulation between a metatarsal bone (METATARSAL BONES) and a phalanx.

Brain tissue herniation through a congenital or acquired defect in the skull. The majority of congenital encephaloceles occur in the occipital or frontal regions. Clinical features include a protuberant mass that may be pulsatile. The quantity and location of protruding neural tissue determines the type and degree of neurologic deficit. Visual defects, psychomotor developmental delay, and persistent motor deficits frequently occur.

Partial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field(s) of one or both eyes. Subtypes include altitudinal hemianopsia, characterized by a visual defect above or below the horizontal meridian of the visual field. Homonymous hemianopsia refers to a visual defect that affects both eyes equally, and occurs either to the left or right of the midline of the visual field. Binasal hemianopsia consists of loss of vision in the nasal hemifields of both eyes. Bitemporal hemianopsia is the bilateral loss of vision in the temporal fields. Quadrantanopsia refers to loss of vision in one quarter of the visual field in one or both eyes.

The articulations extending from the ANKLE distally to the TOES. These include the ANKLE JOINT; TARSAL JOINTS; METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT; and TOE JOINT.

The electric response evoked in the cerebral cortex by visual stimulation or stimulation of the visual pathways.

The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience.

The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.

Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.

The articulation between the head of the HUMERUS and the glenoid cavity of the SCAPULA.

The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment. The spinal nerve plexuses and the spinal roots are also included.

The large hole at the base of the skull through which the SPINAL CORD passes.

Prostheses used to partially or totally replace a human or animal joint. (from UMDNS, 1999)

Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for auditory, olfactory, and semantic processing. It is located inferior to the lateral fissure and anterior to the OCCIPITAL LOBE.

The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.

A plate of fibrous tissue that divides the temporomandibular joint into an upper and lower cavity. The disc is attached to the articular capsule and moves forward with the condyle in free opening and protrusion. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p92)

The gliding joint formed by the outer extremity of the CLAVICLE and the inner margin of the acromion process of the SCAPULA.

Fractures of the skull which may result from penetrating or nonpenetrating head injuries or rarely BONE DISEASES (see also FRACTURES, SPONTANEOUS). Skull fractures may be classified by location (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE, BASILAR), radiographic appearance (e.g., linear), or based upon cranial integrity (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE, DEPRESSED).

Brain waves characterized by a relatively high voltage or amplitude and a frequency of 8-13 Hz. They constitute the majority of waves recorded by EEG registering the activity of the parietal and occipital lobes when the individual is awake, but relaxed with the eyes closed.

A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.

The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.

The first cervical vertebra.

A congenital or acquired protrusion of the meninges, unaccompanied by neural tissue, through a bony defect in the skull or vertebral column.

Mental process to visually perceive a critical number of facts (the pattern), such as characters, shapes, displays, or designs.

Neoplasms of the bony part of the skull.

Large endothelium-lined venous channels situated between the two layers of DURA MATER, the endosteal and the meningeal layers. They are devoid of valves and are parts of the venous system of dura mater. Major cranial sinuses include a postero-superior group (such as superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, straight, transverse, and occipital) and an antero-inferior group (such as cavernous, petrosal, and basilar plexus).

The part of the cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus, and anterior and superior to the lateral sulcus.

A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.

The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.

A congenital abnormality of the central nervous system marked by failure of the midline structures of the cerebellum to develop, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and upward displacement of the transverse sinuses, tentorium, and torcula. Clinical features include occipital bossing, progressive head enlargement, bulging of anterior fontanelle, papilledema, ataxia, gait disturbances, nystagmus, and intellectual compromise. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp294-5)

A primary headache disorder that is characterized by severe, strictly unilateral PAIN which is orbital, supraorbital, temporal or in any combination of these sites, lasting 15-180 min. occurring 1 to 8 times a day. The attacks are associated with one or more of the following, all of which are ipsilateral: conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, facial SWEATING, eyelid EDEMA, and miosis. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)

Set of cell bodies and nerve fibers conducting impulses from the eyes to the cerebral cortex. It includes the RETINA; OPTIC NERVE; optic tract; and geniculocalcarine tract.

A double gliding joint formed by the CLAVICLE, superior and lateral parts of the manubrium sterni at the clavicular notch, and the cartilage of the first rib.

A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact.

The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE. It contains mucin, albumin, fat, and mineral salts and serves to lubricate joints.

A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (From Neurol Clin 1994 Feb;12(1):57-8)

The anterior portion of the head that includes the skin, muscles, and structures of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and jaw.

Methods of delivering drugs into a joint space.

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

Dominance of one cerebral hemisphere over the other in cerebral functions.

A subjective visual sensation with the eyes closed and in the absence of light. Phosphenes can be spontaneous, or induced by chemical, electrical, or mechanical (pressure) stimuli which cause the visual field to light up without optical inputs.

Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating.

The articulations between the CARPAL BONES and the METACARPAL BONES.

The infratentorial compartment that contains the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM. It is formed by the posterior third of the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid (SPHENOID BONE), by the occipital, the petrous, and mastoid portions of the TEMPORAL BONE, and the posterior inferior angle of the PARIETAL BONE.

Inflammation of a synovial membrane. It is usually painful, particularly on motion, and is characterized by a fluctuating swelling due to effusion within a synovial sac. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Loss of the ability to comprehend the meaning or recognize the importance of various forms of stimulation that cannot be attributed to impairment of a primary sensory modality. Tactile agnosia is characterized by an inability to perceive the shape and nature of an object by touch alone, despite unimpaired sensation to light touch, position, and other primary sensory modalities.

Tomography using radioactive emissions from injected RADIONUCLIDES and computer ALGORITHMS to reconstruct an image.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

The inner membrane of a joint capsule surrounding a freely movable joint. It is loosely attached to the external fibrous capsule and secretes SYNOVIAL FLUID.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

The distance and direction to which a bone joint can be extended. Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles, and connective tissues involved. Joint flexibility can be improved through appropriate MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES.

The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.

The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.

The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).

The measurement of magnetic fields over the head generated by electric currents in the brain. As in any electrical conductor, electric fields in the brain are accompanied by orthogonal magnetic fields. The measurement of these fields provides information about the localization of brain activity which is complementary to that provided by ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY. Magnetoencephalography may be used alone or together with electroencephalography, for measurement of spontaneous or evoked activity, and for research or clinical purposes.

One of a pair of irregularly shaped quadrilateral bones situated between the FRONTAL BONE and OCCIPITAL BONE, which together form the sides of the CRANIUM.

Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.

ARTHRITIS that is induced in experimental animals. Immunological methods and infectious agents can be used to develop experimental arthritis models. These methods include injections of stimulators of the immune response, such as an adjuvant (ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC) or COLLAGEN.

Roentgenography of a joint, usually after injection of either positive or negative contrast medium.

A meshlike structure composed of interconnecting nerve cells that are separated at the synaptic junction or joined to one another by cytoplasmic processes. In invertebrates, for example, the nerve net allows nerve impulses to spread over a wide area of the net because synapses can pass information in any direction.

Arthritis caused by BACTERIA; RICKETTSIA; MYCOPLASMA; VIRUSES; FUNGI; or PARASITES.

Artery formed by the bifurcation of the BASILAR ARTERY. Branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply portions of the OCCIPITAL LOBE; PARIETAL LOBE; inferior temporal gyrus, brainstem, and CHOROID PLEXUS.

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

A dead body, usually a human body.

The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.

The sensory discrimination of a pattern shape or outline.

Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)

Pain in the joint.

Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.

The articulations between the various CARPAL BONES. This does not include the WRIST JOINT which consists of the articulations between the RADIUS; ULNA; and proximal CARPAL BONES.

Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.

The awareness of the spatial properties of objects; includes physical space.

The first seven VERTEBRAE of the SPINAL COLUMN, which correspond to the VERTEBRAE of the NECK.

The dorsal portion or roof of the midbrain which is composed of two pairs of bumps, the INFERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPERIOR COLLICULI. These four colliculi are also called the quadrigeminal bodies (TECTUM MESENCEPHALI). They are centers for visual sensorimotor integration.

The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.

Devices that help people with impaired sensory responses.

Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)

Application of electric current in treatment without the generation of perceptible heat. It includes electric stimulation of nerves or muscles, passage of current into the body, or use of interrupted current of low intensity to raise the threshold of the skin to pain.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)

A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.

The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.

A group of congenital malformations involving the brainstem, cerebellum, upper spinal cord, and surrounding bony structures. Type II is the most common, and features compression of the medulla and cerebellar tonsils into the upper cervical spinal canal and an associated MENINGOMYELOCELE. Type I features similar, but less severe malformations and is without an associated meningomyelocele. Type III has the features of type II with an additional herniation of the entire cerebellum through the bony defect involving the foramen magnum, forming an ENCEPHALOCELE. Type IV is a form a cerebellar hypoplasia. Clinical manifestations of types I-III include TORTICOLLIS; opisthotonus; HEADACHE; VERTIGO; VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS; APNEA; NYSTAGMUS, CONGENITAL; swallowing difficulties; and ATAXIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p261; Davis, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp236-46)

The articulation between the articular surface of the PATELLA and the patellar surface of the FEMUR.

Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.

Sensation of making physical contact with objects, animate or inanimate. Tactile stimuli are detected by MECHANORECEPTORS in the skin and mucous membranes.

Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.

The physical state of supporting an applied load. This often refers to the weight-bearing bones or joints that support the body's weight, especially those in the spine, hip, knee, and foot.

The application, via IMPLANTED ELECTRODES, of short bursts of electrical energy in the radiofrequency range, interspersed with pauses in delivery of the current long enough to dissipate the generated heat and avoid heat-induced tissue necrosis.

A technique that involves the use of electrical coils on the head to generate a brief magnetic field which reaches the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is coupled with ELECTROMYOGRAPHY response detection to assess cortical excitability by the threshold required to induce MOTOR EVOKED POTENTIALS. This method is also used for BRAIN MAPPING, to study NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, and as a substitute for ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY for treating DEPRESSION. Induction of SEIZURES limits its clinical usage.

The joint involving the CERVICAL ATLAS and axis bones.

The human being as a non-anatomical and non-zoological entity. The emphasis is on the philosophical or artistic treatment of the human being, and includes lay and social attitudes toward the body in history. (From J. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

A characteristic symptom complex.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

Partial or total replacement of a joint.

Fractures which extend through the base of the SKULL, usually involving the PETROUS BONE. Battle's sign (characterized by skin discoloration due to extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissue behind the ear and over the mastoid process), CRANIAL NEUROPATHIES, TRAUMATIC; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; and CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OTORRHEA are relatively frequent sequelae of this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p876)

Veins draining the cerebrum.

A diagnostic technique that incorporates the measurement of molecular diffusion (such as water or metabolites) for tissue assessment by MRI. The degree of molecular movement can be measured by changes of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with time, as reflected by tissue microstructure. Diffusion MRI has been used to study BRAIN ISCHEMIA and tumor response to treatment.

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.

The outermost of the three MENINGES, a fibrous membrane of connective tissue that covers the brain and the spinal cord.

An inherited disorder of copper metabolism transmitted as an X-linked trait and characterized by the infantile onset of HYPOTHERMIA, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, SEIZURES, bony deformities, pili torti (twisted hair), and severely impaired intellectual development. Defective copper transport across plasma and endoplasmic reticulum membranes results in copper being unavailable for the synthesis of several copper containing enzymes, including PROTEIN-LYSINE 6-OXIDASE; CERULOPLASMIN; and SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE. Pathologic changes include defects in arterial elastin, neuronal loss, and gliosis. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p125)

The observable response of a man or animal to a situation.

Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system.

The real or apparent movement of objects through the visual field.

Paired bodies containing mostly GRAY MATTER and forming part of the lateral wall of the THIRD VENTRICLE of the brain.

Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.

A convolution on the inferior surface of each cerebral hemisphere, lying between the hippocampal and collateral sulci.

The part of a human or animal body connecting the HEAD to the rest of the body.

Secondary headache attributed to TRAUMA of the HEAD and/or the NECK.

The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).

Brain waves seen on EEG characterized by a high amplitude and a frequency of 4 Hz and below. They are considered the "deep sleep waves" observed during sleep in dreamless states, infancy, and in some brain disorders.

Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.

Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.

Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.

The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.

In horses, cattle, and other quadrupeds, the joint between the femur and the tibia, corresponding to the human knee.

Loss of the power to comprehend written materials despite preservation of the ability to write (i.e., alexia without agraphia). This condition is generally attributed to lesions that "disconnect" the visual cortex of the non-dominant hemisphere from language centers in the dominant hemisphere. This may occur when a dominant visual cortex injury is combined with underlying white matter lesions that involve crossing fibers from the occipital lobe of the opposite hemisphere. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p483)

Remembrance of information for a few seconds to hours.

The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus).

Observable changes of expression in the face in response to emotional stimuli.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

A symptom complex consisting of pain, muscle tenderness, clicking in the joint, and limitation or alteration of mandibular movement. The symptoms are subjective and manifested primarily in the masticatory muscles rather than the temporomandibular joint itself. Etiologic factors are uncertain but include occlusal dysharmony and psychophysiologic factors.

The knowledge or perception that someone or something present has been previously encountered.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

NECROSIS induced by ISCHEMIA in the POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which supplies portions of the BRAIN STEM; the THALAMUS; TEMPORAL LOBE, and OCCIPITAL LOBE. Depending on the size and location of infarction, clinical features include OLFACTION DISORDERS and visual problems (AGNOSIA; ALEXIA; HEMIANOPSIA).

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.

Fixation and immobility of a joint.

Differential response to different stimuli.

A disorder characterized by the onset of myoclonus in adolescence, a marked increase in the incidence of absence seizures (see EPILEPSY, ABSENCE), and generalized major motor seizures (see EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). The myoclonic episodes tend to occur shortly after awakening. Seizures tend to be aggravated by sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Hereditary and sporadic forms have been identified. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p323)

An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.

A receptive visual aphasia characterized by the loss of a previously possessed ability to comprehend the meaning or significance of handwritten words, despite intact vision. This condition may be associated with posterior cerebral artery infarction (INFARCTION, POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY) and other BRAIN DISEASES.

Surgically placed electric conductors through which ELECTRIC STIMULATION is delivered to or electrical activity is recorded from a specific point inside the body.

An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.

Any operation on the cranium or incision into the cranium. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peripheral vision. These may result from EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; VISUAL PATHWAY diseases; OCCIPITAL LOBE diseases; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS; and other conditions (From Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p132).

Methods for visualizing REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW, metabolic, electrical, or other physiological activities in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM using various imaging modalities.

The process by which the nature and meaning of tactile stimuli are recognized and interpreted by the brain, such as realizing the characteristics or name of an object being touched.

Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.

Drugs that are used to treat RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.

Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.

A private, voluntary, not-for-profit organization which establishes standards for the operation of health facilities and services, conducts surveys, and awards accreditation.

Manner or style of walking.

Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)

Cognitive disorders characterized by an impaired ability to perceive the nature of objects or concepts through use of the sense organs. These include spatial neglect syndromes, where an individual does not attend to visual, auditory, or sensory stimuli presented from one side of the body.

N-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes best known for the ones found in PLANTS.

Recording of the average amplitude of the resting potential arising between the cornea and the retina in light and dark adaptation as the eyes turn a standard distance to the right and the left. The increase in potential with light adaptation is used to evaluate the condition of the retinal pigment epithelium.

The inability to recognize a familiar face or to learn to recognize new faces. This visual agnosia is most often associated with lesions involving the junctional regions between the temporal and occipital lobes. The majority of cases are associated with bilateral lesions, however unilateral damage to the right occipito-temporal cortex has also been associated with this condition. (From Cortex 1995 Jun;31(2):317-29)

Techniques used mostly during brain surgery which use a system of three-dimensional coordinates to locate the site to be operated on.

A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.

Non-invasive methods of visualizing the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the brain, by various imaging modalities.

An amphetamine analog that is rapidly taken up by the lungs and from there redistributed primarily to the brain and liver. It is used in brain radionuclide scanning with I-123.

The use of diffusion ANISOTROPY data from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging results to construct images based on the direction of the faster diffusing molecules.

The misinterpretation of a real external, sensory experience.

The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.

A condition that is characterized by HEADACHE; SEIZURES; and visual loss with edema in the posterior aspects of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, such as the BRAIN STEM. Generally, lesions involve the white matter (nerve fibers) but occasionally the grey matter (nerve cell bodies).

A serious complication of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA; DEHYDRATION; serum hyperosmolarity; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA in the absence of KETOSIS and ACIDOSIS.

A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)

The science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. The term is also applied to the data themselves and to the summarization of the data.

Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.

A physical property showing different values in relation to the direction in or along which the measurement is made. The physical property may be with regard to thermal or electric conductivity or light refraction. In crystallography, it describes crystals whose index of refraction varies with the direction of the incident light. It is also called acolotropy and colotropy. The opposite of anisotropy is isotropy wherein the same values characterize the object when measured along axes in all directions.

Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium which may be associated with dilation of cerebral ventricles, INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; HEADACHE; lethargy; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and ATAXIA.

Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).

Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

Transoral decompression for craniovertebral osseous anomalies: perioperative management dilemmas. (1/92)

The surgical outcome of 74 patients, who underwent transoral decompression (TOD) for ventral irreducible craniovertebral junction anomalies between January 1989 to September 1997, was studied to evaluate the perioperative complications and problems encountered. The indications for TOD included irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (n=24), basilar invagination (n=16), and a combination of both (n=35). Following TOD, occipitocervical stabilization using Jain's technique was carried out in 50 (67.5%) and atlantoaxial fusion using Brooks' construct in 18 (24.3%) patients. The pre- and postoperative radiology was compared to assess the adequacy of decompression and stability. The major morbidity included pharyngeal wound sepsis leading to dehiscence (20.3%) and haemorrhage (4%), valopharyngeal insufficiency (8.1%), CSF leak (6.7%) and inadequate decompression (6.7%). Neurological deterioration occurred transiently in 17 (22.9%) and was sustained in 7 (9.4%) patients. The mortality in six cases was due to operative trauma, exanguination from pharyngeal wound (one each), postoperative instability and inability to be weaned off from the ventilator (two each). Of the 47 (63.5%) patients available at follow up ranging from 3 months to 2 years, 26 (55.3%) showed improvement from their preoperative status while 14 (29.8%) demonstrated stabilization of their neurological deficits. Seven (14.9%) of them deteriorated. Though TOD is logical and effective in relieving ventral compression due to craniovertebral junction anomalies, it carries the formidable risks of instability, incomplete decompression, neurological deterioration, CSF leak, infection and palatopharyngeal dysfunction. (+info)

Bow hunter's stroke associated with atlantooccipital assimilation--case report. (2/92)

A 39-year-old male presented with bow hunter's stroke manifesting as repeated vertebrobasilar ischemic attacks induced by head rotation 45 degrees to the left. Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography clearly showed the occluded right vertebral artery (VA) between the axis and atlas. Single photon emission computed tomography study showed diffuse hypoperfusion of the brain stem and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres, suggesting hemodynamic compromise of these regions. He refused surgery and was treated conservatively. The most likely mechanism is that the affected VA was fixed by the ossification of the atlantooccipital membrane, vascular groove, and transverse foramen of the atlas, and therefore became elongated and compressed by head-turning. (+info)

Surgical treatment of nonunited fractures of the odontoid process, with special reference to occipitocervical fusion for unreducible atlantoaxial subluxation or instability. (3/92)

Fifty-seven consecutive patients treated surgically for nonunited fractures of the odontoid process were reviewed. All patients presented late, exhibiting neurological deficits subsequent to nonunion. Delay in presentation was between 6 and 120 months (mean 32 months) after the original injury, due to missed diagnosis or inappropriate management. Seven patients who were reduced in traction underwent a Gallie atlantoaxial fusion. In the remaining 50 patients who were unreducible, an occipitocervical arthrodesis was performed. They were followed up for a minimum of 2 years, except one who died from postoperative respiratory failure. All patients obtained a solid bony union, including two in whom nonunion occurred following atlantoaxial fusion, and occipitocervical fusion was added as a rescue. Thirty-eight patients achieved excellent neurological recovery, nine still had some disability, five retained their neurological deficits and two reported a deterioration. In two patients, a recurrence in a traumatic episode was experienced long after a resolution. Our findings demonstrate that occipitocervical arthrodesis is preferable for unreducible subluxation or instability of atlantoaxial articulation in nonunion of odontoid fractures. (+info)

Bilateral type 1 proatlantal arteries with absence of vertebral arteries. (4/92)

The persistent proatlantal artery is a well-described communication between the carotid and vertebrobasilar system. However, persistence of bilateral proatlantal arteries is exceptionally rare. Although usually noted as an incidental finding, the presence of a proatlantal artery, particularly when bilateral, may result in unusual symptoms or may have implications for therapy. We report a case of bilateral proatlantal arteries, describe their embryology, and consider potential clinical implications of this finding. (+info)

Hindbrain stroke in children caused by extracranial vertebral artery trauma. (5/92)

Hindbrain transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) culminating in posterior circulation stroke are described in five children. Atlanto-axial subluxation and angiographical documentation of C1 to C2 level arterial pathology are documented in one patient. Four additional patients with nearly identical clinical presentations, posterior fossa TIAs, stroke and basilar angiographical pathology are reviewed. A mechanical traumatic etiology is suggested. Unexplained transient repeated brain stem and/or cerebellar sympotomatology may be due to extracranial vetebral artery stenosis or occlusion by atlanto-axial instability. After appropriate documentation, stabilization may prevent further TIAs or strokes. (+info)

Recognition and management of atlanto-occipital dislocation: improving survival from an often fatal condition. (6/92)

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of atlanto-occipital dislocation and associated occipital condyle fracturcs so as to alert physicians to this rare injury and potentially improve patient outcome. The pertinent anatomy, mechanism of injury, clinical and radiologic evaluation and the management of these rare injuries are discussed in an attempt to alert physicians to this type of injury and to improve outcome. DATA SOURCES: The data were obtained from a MEDLINE search of the English literature from 1966 to 1999 and the experience of 4 spine surgeons at a quaternary care acute spinal cord injury unit. STUDY SELECTION: Detailed anatomic and epidemiologically sound radiology studies were identified and analyzed. Only small retrospective studies or case series were available in the literature. DATA EXTRACTION: Valid anatomic, biomechanical and radiologic evaluation was extracted from studies. Clinical data came from limited studies and expert opinion. DATA SYNTHESIS: Early diagnosis is essential and is facilitated by a detailed clinical examination and strict adherence to an imaging algorithm that includes CT and MRI scanning. When the dislocation is identified, timely gentle reduction and prompt stabilization throuigh nonoperative or operative means is found to optimize patient outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Atlanto-occipital dislocation should be suspected in any patient involved in a high speed motor vehicle or pedestrian collision. Once suspected, proper imaging and appropriate management of these once fatal injuries can improve survival and neurologic outcome. (+info)

Skeletal aspects of the atlanto-occipital fusion in a Japanese brown calf. (7/92)

Atlanto-occipital fusion in a Japanese Brown calf was examined morphologically, paying special attention to skeletal changes. At the craniovertebral junction, the basal occipital bone fused to the cranial extremity of the ventral arch of the atlas with the rudiment of the atlantal centrum. The dens was not formed at the axis. These changes suggest that a hypocentrum and a centrum of the atlas derived from the first cervical sclerotome had failed to separate the occipital base from the proatlantal sclerotome including the apical element of the dens. Although a developmental disturbance at the cervical and thoracic vertebrae was also associated, critical neurological signs such as ataxia and paralysis were absent. (+info)

Traumatic posterior atlantooccipital dislocation with Jefferson fracture and fracture-dislocation of C6-C7: a case report with survival. (8/92)

Atlantooccipital dislocation (AOD) is a rare and usually fatal injury. In the current study, the authors reported an extremely rare case of posterior AOD with Jefferson fracture and fracture-dislocation of C6-C7. The patient survived the injury and had only incomplete quadriplegia below the C7 segment with anterior cord syndrome. He was successfully managed with in situ occipitocervical fusion using the Cotrel-Dubousset rod system, corpectomy of C6, and anterior interbody fusion of C5-C7 with plating. To our knowledge, this is the first report of posterior AOD with two other non-contiguous cervical spine injuries. A high index of suspicion and careful examination of the upper cervical spine should be considered as the key to the diagnosis of AOD in cases that involve multiple or lower cervical spine injuries. (+info)

It consists of a pair of condyloid joints. It is a synovial joint. The atlanto-occipital joint is an articulation between the ... "Traumatic dislocation of the atlanto-occipital joint". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. The Bone & Joint ... The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two articular capsules Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane Anterior atlanto-occipital ... The atlanto-occipital joint may be dislocated, especially from violent accidents such as traffic collisions. This may be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanto-occipital_joint

Its main actions are to extend and rotate the atlanto-occipital joint. Atlanto-occipital joint Rectus capitis lateralis Rectus ... Occipital bone. Outer surface. Rectus capitis posterior major's relationship to other suboccipital muscles. This article ... is inserted into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle

The atlanto-occipital joint allows the head to nod up and down on the vertebral column. The dens acts as a pivot that allows ... Upper surface: rectus capitis anterior - occipital bone (inferior surface of the base) rectus capitis lateralis - occipital ... The atlas is the topmost vertebra and, with the axis (the vertebra below it), forms the joint connecting the skull and spine. ... The posterior part of the arch presents above and behind a rounded edge for the attachment of the posterior atlantooccipital ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(anatomy)

Examples include: the wrist-joint metacarpophalangeal joints metatarsophalangeal joints atlanto-occipital joints These are also ... Radiocarpal joint and Metacarpo-phalangeal joint are examples of condyloid joints. An example of an Ellipsoid joint is the ... A condyloid joint (also called condylar, ellipsoidal, or bicondylar) is an ovoid articular surface, or condyle that is received ... These joints allow biaxial movements-i.e., forward and backward, or from side to side, but not rotation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condyloid_joint

It acts at the atlanto-occipital joint to extend the head and flex the head to the ipsilateral side. Position of obliquus ... Deep muscles of the back (obliquus capitis superior labeled at upper left) Occipital bone. Outer surface. Muscle attachments ... superiorly and posteriorly to insert into the lateral half of the inferior nuchal line on the external surface of the occipital ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obliquus_capitis_superior_muscle

... atlanto-occipital joints), and in cases of advanced decomposition. Visualization of the cardiovascular system. Replacement of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtopsy

... may refer to: Atlanto-axial joint Atlanto-occipital joint This disambiguation page lists articles associated with ... the title Atlas joint. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_joint

Atlanto-occipital joint Rectus capitis lateralis Rectus capitis posterior major muscle Rectus capitis anterior muscle This ... Connective tissue bridges were noted at the atlanto-occipital joint between the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPm) muscle ... Injury Threshold of Rectus Capitis Muscles at the Atlanto-occipital Joint https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ ... Included are the joint complexes of the upper three cervical segments, the dura mater, and spinal cord. The dura-muscular ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle

The movement of nodding the head takes place predominantly through flexion and extension at the atlanto-occipital joint between ... This movement between the atlas and occipital bone is often referred to as the "yes joint", owing to its nature of being able ... cervical vertebra Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and atlantoaxial ligament Median sagittal section through the occipital ... the atlanto-axial joint. A small amount of rotation of the vertebral column itself contributes to the movement. This movement ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae

The atlanto-occipital joint allows the skull to move up and down, while the atlanto-axial joint allows the upper neck to twist ... Vertebral joint Costovertebral joint A facet joint between the superior and inferior articular processes (labeled at top and ... The sacrum with the ilium forms a sacroiliac joint on each side of the pelvis, which articulates with the hips. The last three ... There are superior and inferior articular facet joints on each side of the vertebra, which serve to restrict the range of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebra

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane: genetic traits can sometimes result in ossification, turning the groove into a foramen. ... It is a pivot joint. The atlanto-axial joint is a joint between the atlas bone and the axis bone, which are the first and ... There are three atlanto-axial joints: one median and two lateral: The median atlanto-axial joint is sometimes considered a ... The atlanto-axial joint is a joint in the upper part of the neck between the atlas bone and the axis bone, which are the first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanto-axial_joint

... the atlanto-occipital, atlanto-axial, lumbosacral, sacroiliac, costotransverse and costovertebral joints. National guidelines ... Osteopathic manipulation Joint manipulation Joint mobilization Spinal adjustment Koes BW, van Tulder M, Lin CW, Macedo LG, ... Mennel JM (1964). Joint Pain; Diagnosis and Treatment Using Manipulative Techniques. Boston: Little Brown and Co. American ... Tullberg T, Blomberg S, Branth B, Johnsson R (May 1998). "Manipulation does not alter the position of the sacroiliac joint. A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_manipulation

To their margins are attached the capsules of the atlanto-occipital joints, and on the medial side of each is a rough ... Bilateral condyle fractures (e.g. as part of an atlanto-occipital dislocation or the "occipital ring fracture") are rare, but ... This injury tends to be unstable and may co-occur with atlanto-occipital subluxation or dislocation. Neurological injury may ... The occipital condyles are undersurface protuberances of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital_condyles

... above horizontal through the flexing of the atlanto-occipital joint between the occipital condyles of the skull and the atlas ... Their rhachitomous vertebrae, notochord, and lack of occipital condyles (which attached the head to the neck) were features ... Sigurdsen, Trond; Bolt, John R. (2009). "The lissamphibian humerus and elbow joint, and the origins of modern amphibians". ... Edopoids have several primitive or plesiomorphic features, including a single occipital condyle and a bone called the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temnospondyli

... arytenoid cartilage arytenoideus muscle astereognosis asterion asterixis astrocyte asynergy ataxia atlanto-occipital joint ... obturator externus muscle obturator foramen obturator internus muscle occipital artery occipital bone occipital horn occipital ... tuberosity ischiorectal fossa ischium Islets of Langerhans isthmus Jacksonian seizure jaw jejunum joint joint capsule joint ... Tectorial membrane of atlanto-axial joint tectospinal tract tectum tegmen tympani tegmentum tela choroidae telencephalon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_anatomy_articles

Albanerpetontids share with living lissamphibians an atlanto-occipital joint with two cotyles, a four fingered forelimb (manus ... Distinguishing apomorphic traits characteristic of albanerpetontids include a complex mortise and tenon like joint connecting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanerpetontidae

Plantar interossei Dorsal interossei torso/lumbar vertebrae Rectus abdominis muscle neck at atlanto-occipital joint Longus ... is a joint movement that decreases the angle between the bones that converge at the joint. For example, one's elbow joint ... A flexor is a muscle that flexes a joint. In anatomy, flexion (from the Latin verb flectere, to bend) ... in descending order of importance to the action of flexing the hip joint): Collectively known as the iliopsoas or inner hip ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flexors_of_the_human_body

... medical condition where there is excessive movement of the vertebrae at the atlanto-occipital joint and the atlanto-axial joint ... It can be brought on by a trauma, frequently whiplash; laxity of the ligaments surrounding the joint; or other damage to the ... Common symptoms include: Occipital headaches Migraine Headaches neck, shoulder and jaw pain difficulty swallowing, or the ... It is frequently co-morbid with atlanto-axial instability, Chiari malformation and tethered cord syndrome. It is more common in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniocervical_instability

... acromioclavicular joint MeSH A02.835.583.097 - atlanto-axial joint MeSH A02.835.583.101 - atlanto-occipital joint MeSH A02.835. ... tarsal joints MeSH A02.835.583.378.831.780 - subtalar joint MeSH A02.835.583.378.900 - toe joint MeSH A02.835.583.378.900.500 ... foot joints MeSH A02.835.583.378.062 - ankle joint MeSH A02.835.583.378.531 - metatarsophalangeal joint MeSH A02.835.583.378. ... carpal joints MeSH A02.835.583.405.200 - carpometacarpal joints MeSH A02.835.583.405.350 - finger joint MeSH A02.835.583.405. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A02)

To facilitate a bottom dwelling lifestyle these organisms possess a special jaw joint, the atlanto-occipital joint, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiosauridae

This maneuver involves flexion of the neck and extension of the head at Atlanto-occipital joint (also called the sniffing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway_management

... closing muscles attach at the median portion of the lower jaw and the jaw hinge attaches to the atlanto-occipital joint, ... The vertebrae of eusuchians had one convex and one concave articulating surface, allowing for a ball and socket type joint ... Their ankle joints flex in a different way from those of other reptiles, a feature they share with some early archosaurs. One ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodilia

However, the atlanto-occipital joint, which controls neck movement, was stronger than it is in other sloths, which was probably ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalassocnus

Occipital bone. Outer surface. Base of skull. Inferior surface. Atlanto-occipital joint Rectus capitis posterior major muscle ... Skull has been removed (except occipital bone). Lateral view. Still image. ... and is inserted into the under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone. Position of rectus capitis lateralis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle

... and adequate extension of the cervical spine at the atlanto-occipital joint. If any of these variables is in any way ... the range of motion of the jaw (the temporomandibular joint): three of the subject's fingers should be able to fit between the ... temporomandibular joint or arytenoid cartilages, decreased oxygen content, elevated arterial carbon dioxide, and vocal cord ... full range of motion of the temporomandibular joint), sufficient pharyngeal space (determined by examining the back of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheal_intubation

... is attached to the basilar groove of the occipital bone, in front of the foramen magnum, where it blends with the cranial dura ... The tectorial membrane of atlanto-axial joint (occipitoaxial ligaments) is situated within the vertebral canal. It is a broad, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectorial_membrane_of_atlanto-axial_joint

The cruciate ligament of the atlas prevents abnormal movement of the atlanto-axial joint. It may be torn, such as by fractures ... The longitudinal bands prevent hyperflexion and hyperextension of the occipital bone, and hold the transverse ligament of the ... It forms part of the atlanto-axial joint. The ligament is named after its cross shape. It consists of transverse and ... The cruciate ligament of the atlas prevents abnormal movements of the atlanto-axial joint. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruciate_ligament_of_atlas

... joints Temporomandibular joint Sphenomandibular ligament Stylomandibular ligament Atlanto-occipital joint Vertebral joints ... sheath Plane joint Cylindrical joint Pivot joint Hinge joint Bicondylar joint Saddle joint Condylar joint Ball and socket joint ... joint Synovial joints of thorax Costovertebral joints Sternocostal joints Costochondral joints Interchondral joints Joints of ... ligament of dens Lateral atlanto-axial joint Zygapophysial joints Lumbosacral joint Sacrococcygeal joint Thoracic joints ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_human_anatomy

... in the temporomandibular joint: Mandibular condyle On the occipital bone, in the atlanto-occipital joint: Occipital condyles ... in the knee joint: Medial condyle Lateral condyle On the humerus, in the elbow joint: Condyle of humerus (Condylus humeri) On ... It is one of the markings or features of bones, and can refer to: On the femur, in the knee joint: Medial condyle Lateral ... and the femur head acts as a condyle in the hip joint. OED 2nd edition, 1989. Entry "condyle" in Merriam-Webster Online ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condyle

When the occipital bone and the atlas (C1) are fused together in a condition called atlanto-occipital assimilation, it causes ... For example GDF6 gene plays an important role in bone development and joint formation. The mutation in these genes can result ... "Atlanto-occipital assimilation , Radiology Reference Article , Radiopaedia.org". Radiopaedia. Retrieved 2020-12-17. Halmova, K ... It affects men and women equally when occurring due to atlanto-occipital assimilation. Increased incidences[spelling?] among ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervicocranial_syndrome

Atlanto-axial joint Gray's anatomy, 1918 Takeuchi, Mikinobu; Yasuda, Muneyoshi; Takahashi, Emiko; Funai, Mikiko; Joko, Masahiro ... The former is attached to the basilar part of the occipital bone, in close relation with the membrana tectoria; the latter is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_ligament_of_atlas

The muscle is responsible for rotation of the head and first cervical vertebra (atlanto-axial joint). It forms the lower ... Vertebral column, occipital bone and obliquus capitis inferior muscle. The muscle arises from the apex of the spinous process ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obliquus_capitis_inferior_muscle

Subaxial cervical spine Atlanto-axial joint The elderly Because of such symptoms, people often mistake cervical spine disorder ... It results in occipital pain and myelopathy. Occipito-cervical junction This disorder may result from rheumatoid arthritis, ... Dormans, John P. (January 2002). "Evaluation of Children with Suspected Cervical Spine Injury". The Journal of Bone and Joint ... The cervical spine contains many different anatomic compositions, including muscles, bones, ligaments, and joints. All of these ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_spine_disorder

... and the Functional Implications of an Atypical Atlanto-Occipital Morphology". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 23 (2): 201-207. ... 2016). A study on the shape of the elbow joint of Thylacoleo carnifex and its implications for the predatory behavior of the ... as revealed by elbow joint morphology". Paleobiology. 42 (3): 508-531. doi:10.1017/pab.2015.55. hdl:1983/1f3ac566-0b08-48fb- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_in_paleomammalogy

Position the head and neck in the sniffing position by flexing the neck and extending the atlanto-occipital joint. Reposition ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/80222-155633/what-causes-decreased-consciousness-and-loss-of-airway-reflexes-requiring-rapid-sequence-intubation-rsi

assess occipital-atlanto joint flexion/extension assess atlanto-axial joint rotation assess side glides C2-C7 Other ... cranio-caudal joint glides medio-lateral joint glides joint distractions joint compression (neutral) joint compression in ... lateral distraction joint glide long leg traction glide joint scouring at different ranges joint compression at different ... joint compressions - different ranges joint distration patellar stability test cranial drawer tibial compression meniscal ...

https://form.jotform.com/220466301484047

The atlanto-occipital joint frequently is affected. Exudate in joints often is fibrinous and gray to green. An infrequent ... Often there are swollen leg joints (and in some outbreaks arthritis predominates) and the animal will favor an affected leg ... As a septicemia, H. parasuis has predilection for growth on serosal surfaces (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium, joints, meninges ... One or more major leg joints often are swollen, perhaps in combination with lesions at other sites. ...

https://vetmed.iastate.edu/vdpam/FSVD/swine/index-diseases/glasser-disease

Atlanto-Axial and Atlanto-Occipital Joint Injections. 37. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation. 38. Occipital Stimulation. ...

https://www.nysora.com/techniques/lower-extremity/page/2/

Isolation of Brucella species from a diseased atlanto-occipital joint of an Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/16/12/10-1008

Immediate effects of atlanto-occipital joint manipulation on active mouth opening and pressure pain sensitivity in women with ... The Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders: Executive Summary *Haldeman S ... Joint mobilization vs massage for chronic mechanical neck pain: A pilot study to assess recruitment strategies and estimate ... The effect of sacro occipital technique category II blocking on spinal ranges of motion: a case series *Hochman JI ...

https://www.chiroindex.org/?search_page=search&action=doSearch&search1=%22Neck%20Pain%20/%20therapy%22&type1=subject

I have seen some very severe injuries to dogs (neck atlanto-occipital joints) caused by head collars. It is NOT the same as a ...

https://susangarrettdogagility.com/2015/11/leash-aggression-in-dogs-are-we-trying-to-put-out-a-fire-with-gasoline/comment-page-4/?replytocom=1476816

This study was designed to evaluate the biomechanical stability of AATS fixation for the atlanto-occipital joint and compare it ... Atlanto-occipital instability is commonly treated with posterior fixation. However, in patients with congenital or acquired ... Anterior atlanto-occipital transarticular screw fixation: a biomechanical comparison with posterior fixation techniques ... For these situations, a novel anterior atlanto-occipital transarticular screw (AATS) fixation technique has been introduced ...

https://thejns.org/browse?access=user&f_0=author&pageSize=10&sort=datedescending

Carcass was obtained after removing the head (section at the atlanto-occipital joint), the forelegs and hindlegs (sections at ... distance from the cervical-thoracic joint to the 1st intercoccygeal joint; croup width (CW): maximum width between the ... above the femoro-tibial patellar joint); carcass internal length (CIL): distance between the anterior edge of the pubic bone ... distance between the greater trochanter of the femur and the edge of the tarsometatarsal joint; and, thoracic depth: distance ...

https://www.scielo.br/j/cab/a/nRG9X5DJqjRpd9KcThwkXwK/?lang=en

Atlanto-axial facet joints displacement during regional mobilisation into rotation: in vitro 3D kinematic analysis. Buzzatti, L ... Analysis of facet joint displacement during passive upper cervical mobilization. Cattrysse, E., Siccardi, D., Michele, M. & ... Atlanto-axial facet displacement during rotational high-velocity low-amplitude thrust: An in vitro 3D kinematic analysis. ... Automated Motion Analysis of Bony Joint Structures from Dynamic Computer Tomography Images: A Multi-Atlas Approach. Keelson, B. ...

https://researchportal.vub.be/nl/persons/luca-buzzatti/publications/

... atlanto-occipital joint, median and lateral atlanto-axial joints, C2-3 intervertebral disc, C2-3 zygapophysial joint, upper ... C2-3 Zygaphphysial Joint and Third Occipital Nerve. The C2-3 zygapophyseal joint is innervated by the third occipital nerve, ... It may account for 16% of patients with occipital headache.[13] In human volunteers distending the lateral atlanto-axial joint ... Then it curves medially to go through the foramen magnum crossing the medial posterior aspect of the atlanto-occipital joint ( ...

https://www.asra.com/news-publications/asra-updates/blog-landing/legacy-b-blog-posts/2019/08/06/cervicogenic-headache

They are the atlanto-occipital joint, the spine, and the hip joint. ... So to begin our lesson lets take a look at the atlanto occipital joint (a.k.a the AOJ) ... The major joints that are responsible for movement in the body are the AOJ, the hip joint, the knees, and the ankles (and of ... In conclusion for Alexander Anatomy 101: the AOJ, hip joint, and joints of the legs are responsible for movement, while the ...

https://www.alexandertechniqueamelia.com/post/alexander-technique-anatomy-101

Specifically, abnormal atlanto-occipital (AO) and/or atlanto-axial (AA) joint morphology leads to chronic cervical instability ... or the atlanto-occipital (AO) joint and the cerebellar tonsils herniate to prevent mechanical pinching. However, only a small ... Functional or dynamic imaging technology, which images a person while joints are under stress or in extremes of motion is more ... The combination of CSF obstruction and occipital headache has a common etiology in upper cervical instability and on many ...

https://www.caringmedical.com/prolotherapy-news/cerebellar-tonsillar-ectopia-herniation-and-chiari-1-malformation/

What Is the Atlanto-Occipital (AO) Joint. The pain at the base of your skull is getting worse. It started gradually and now has ... What is the C1? What is the C2? What is the Atlantoaxial (AA) Joint? What are the key components of the AA Joint? What is a … ... What is the Atlas? What is the Axis bone? What is the Atlantoaxial joint? What are the key components of the Atlantoaxial Joint ... What Is the Atlantoaxial Joint?. The headaches and upper neck pain are getting worse. Medication and therapy has not helped. ...

https://centenoschultz.com/category/neck-cervical-spine/craniocervical-instability/

... atlanto-occipital joint, thyroid cartilage, hyoid bone, larynx, tongue, etc. ...

https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/forensicsautopsyinternal.html

Atlanto Occipital Joint Atlanto-Occipital Joints Atloido Occipital Joint Atloido-Occipital Joint Atloido-Occipital Joints Joint ... Atlanto Occipital Joint. Atlanto-Occipital Joints. Atloido Occipital Joint. Atloido-Occipital Joint. Atloido-Occipital Joints. ... Joint, Atlanto-Occipital. Joint, Atloido-Occipital. Joints, Atlanto-Occipital. Joints, Atloido-Occipital. ... Atlanto-Occipital Joint, Atloido-Occipital Joints, Atlanto-Occipital Joints, Atloido-Occipital ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=1276

Atlanto-occipital joint sprain (disorder). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Atlanto-occipital joint sprain (disorder). ...

https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewCodeSystemConcept.action?oid=2.16.840.1.113883.6.96&code=209561004

1 Atlanto-Occipital joint extension.... *. suivant , Date publié. *29 2016. IMSEAR is the collaborative product of Health ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/150212/simple-search?locale=fr

... at the atlanto-occipital joint, C4-5 segment, cervicothoracic joint, glenohumeral joint, and T4-5 segment (3). ... Forward head carriage may promote accelerated aging of intervertebral joints resulting in degenerative joint disease (5)." PT ... Besides the imbalances and postural deviations mentioned above, physical therapists may also find joint dysfunction ...

http://www.cyberpt.com/uppercrossedsyndrome.asp

Joints. *Zygapophyseal joints. *Atlanto-axial joint. *Atlanto-occipital joint. *Intervertebral discs. *Cartilaginous endplates ... They will analyze posture, and spinal alignment, check for tenderness, tightness, and how well the spinal joints move. ... The entire spine is hyperextending with an intense force that causes the facet joint capsules to compress. ... A chiropractor will identify areas of restricted joint motion, muscle tension, muscle spasm, intervertebral disc injury, and ...

https://personalinjurydoctorgroup.com/2022/11/15/wad-whiplash-associated-disorders-personal-injury-doctor-group/

Atlanto Occipital Joint. Click "Why?" to see why a person matched the search. ...

https://profiles.ouhsc.edu/search/default.aspx?searchtype=people&searchfor=Atlanto-Occipital%20Joint&perpage=15&offset=0&new=true

keywords = "Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Atlanto-Occipital Joint, Child, Disease Progression, External Fixators, Female, Humans, ... Atlanto-Occipital Joint, Child, Disease Progression, External Fixators, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ... Occipitocervical fusion is required when the occipitoatlantal joint is unstable. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ... N2 - Occipitocervical fusion is required when the occipitoatlantal joint is unstable. The purpose of this paper is to discuss ...

https://publires.unicatt.it/it/publications/the-role-of-imaging-in-the-pre-and-postoperative-evaluation-of-po-20

Atlanto-occipital joint. Atlanto-axial joint. Intrathecal puncture. Joints between vertebrae and ribs ... and self-evaluation tests that will help readers acquire knowledge and form a better understanding of joint anatomy and ...

https://store.grupoasis.com/es/anatomia/1428-673-atlas-of-canine-arthrology-updated-edition.html

This jaw is also known as temporomandibular joint, or TMJ in short. What is temporomandibular joint disorder? Any pain that ... Get relief from temporomandibular joint disorder through natural methods The jaw joint plays a vital role in enabling us to ... Upper Cervical Chiropractic works on the atlanto-occipital joint of the upper spine. Since 1930s, this special branch of ... What is temporomandibular joint disorder?. Any pain that affects the jaw joints is called TMJ disorder. It most cases, it makes ...

https://backinbalanceredmond.com/pain-relief-from-temporomandibular-joint-disorder-tmj-through-natural-methods/

Atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial dislocations with spinal cord compression in Downs syndrome: a case report and review of ... The atlantooccipital joints allow movement in extension and flexion. In flexion, an anterior translation of C1 on C2, which ... Dawson EG, Smith L. Atlanto-axial subluxation in children due to vertebral anomalies. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979 Jun. 61(4):582 ... Posterior atlanto-occipital subluxation with or without atlantoaxial instability has been described, including malformations of ...

http://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/1180354-overview

Atlanto-Occipital Joint Injuries Medical Exhibit Atlanto-Occipital Joint Injuries exh79703c Medical Exhibit This stock medical ... Bilateral Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) i… Medical Exhibit Bilateral Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) i… exh44784a Medical Exhibit ... This stock medical exhibit illustrates bilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ), cervical… Last Updated: Mar 5, 2020 View Item ...

https://nmal.nucleusmedicalmedia.com/search?q=odontoid

C3-C4 facet joints; AA joints; C2-C3/C3-C4 intervertebral discs; atlantooccipital joints; GONs; and LONs [37]. Given the ... In conclusion, based on the available literature, occipital nerve blocks, cervical facet joint injection, AA joint injection, ... RFA of lateral C1-C2 joint. Halim et al. 2010 [31]. Retrospective study. 86 patients with CeH. Lateral C1-C2 joint PRF using ... RFA of facet joint and medial branches supplying the facet joint. Stovner et al. 2004 [25]. Randomized, double-blind. 12 ...

https://ekja.org/journal/view.php?number=8765

7. Atlanto-occipital joint axis angle. = formed by lines drawn parallel to atlantooccipital joints ... fibrous connective tissue joint between two parietal bones. Average width: 5.0 ± 0.2 mm (at birth), 2.4 ± 0.1 mm (1 month of ... between occipital bone + mastoid process of temporal bone as a continuation of the lambdoid suture toward skull base ... Variants of CVJ: precondylar tubercles, third occipital condyle, ossification of ligament of odontoid process ...

https://radiologykey.com/of-skull-and-spine/

Flexes the neck at the spinal joints.. *Extends the head at the atlanto-occipital joint. ...

https://learnmuscles.com/glossary/digastric/

Do you know where your atlanto occipital joint is?. We spend a lot of time learning. In school we learn how to write, how to ...

https://www.kaitlin-mae.com/blog/category/all

Additionally, diagnostic zygapophyseal joint injections and cervical nerve and medial branch blocks can be used to confirm the diagnosis and predict treatment efficacy [ 7 ]. (ekja.org)
A zygapophyseal joint is present on the superior and inferior aspect of the lateral mass. (neurosurg.org)

Therefore, every cervical structure innervated by the trigeminocervical caudalis nucleus (joint, muscles, nerves, ligaments, and dura) is implicated in the genesis of CeH [ 6 ]. (ekja.org)
In pathologic conditions (eg, abnormalities of the odontoid bone or in the ligaments that keep these joints together), this displacement increases, and bone structures can pressure the spinal cord, producing clinical symptoms. (medscape.com)

The superior articular facets articulate with the occipital condyles and are kidney-shaped, concave, projecting upward and inward, while the inferior articular facets are comparatively flat, projecting downward and inward, and articulate with the superior facets of the axis. (neurosurg.org)
Facet joints are synovial joints that give the spine it's flexibility by sliding on the articular processes of the vertebra below. (neurosurg.org)
The occipital has two articular condoyles that form a hinge joint with the first bone of the vertebral column, the atlas. (pharmacyinfoline.com)
The condyle of the occipital bone is biconvex, and fits into the bi-concave superior articular surface of the atlas, while the long axes of the two joints are directed horizontally forwards and medially. (co.ma)
It is attached to the rough non-articular surfaces surrounding the articular areas on the atlas and occipital bone. (co.ma)
Laterally it is in continuity with the articular capsules, while in the median plane, where it extends from the anterior tubercle of the atlas to the basilar part of the occipital bone, it presents a specially well-defined thickened band which might be regarded as a separate accessory ligament or as the beginning of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebræ. (co.ma)
As with any intra-articular fracture , a persistent articular surface step predisposed the joint to premature secondary osteoarthritis . (radiopaedia.org)

A chiropractor will identify areas of restricted joint motion, muscle tension, muscle spasm, intervertebral disc injury, and ligament injury. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)
The transverse ligament firmly opposes the odontoid process to the posterior portion of the anterior arch of atlas and provides stability to the atlantoaxial joint. (neurosurg.org)
The foremost stabilizing force at this joint is the transverse atlantal ligament (TAL). (chatstw.com)
The posterior covering atlanto-epistropheal ligament (O.T. posterior atlo-axoid ligament) (Fig. 296) occupies the position which is elsewhere taken by the ligamenta flava. (co.ma)

The atlas vertebra articulates with the occiput superiorly at the atlanto-occipital joint and with the axis inferiorly at the atlantoaxial joint. (neurosurg.org)
The temporal bone articulates with the mandible at the temporomandibular joint, the only movable joint of the skull. (pharmacyinfoline.com)
This bone occupies the middle portion of the base of the skull and articulates with the occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal bones. (pharmacyinfoline.com)
The atlas (C1) is a bony ring that articulates with the occipital condyles. (chatstw.com)

The hip joint is actually where the ball of the femur inserts and connects into the hip bone. (alexandertechniqueamelia.com)
Take your hand and touch the very top and outside of your leg bone, and that is the hip joint. (alexandertechniqueamelia.com)
The point of articulation between the OCCIPITAL BONE and the CERVICAL ATLAS . (bvsalud.org)
They articulate with each other at the sagittal suture with the occipital bone at the lambdoidal suture and with the temporal bones at the squamous sutures. (pharmacyinfoline.com)
There are two articulations between the atlas and the occipital bone. (co.ma)
It extends from the posterior surface of the body of the epistropheus to the basilar groove on the superior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone, spreading laterally on the circumference of the foramen magnum. (co.ma)
and a crus superius, also median and longitudinal, whose fibres extend from the crus transversum upwards to the posterior surface of the basilar part of occipital bone, immediately subjacent to the membrana tectoria. (co.ma)

Its inner surface is deeply concave and the concavity is occupied by the occipital lobes of the cerebrum by cerebellum. (pharmacyinfoline.com)

They are the atlanto-occipital joint, the spine, and the hip joint. (alexandertechniqueamelia.com)
The AOJ is the joint where the head connects to the spine. (alexandertechniqueamelia.com)
While the vertebrae have facet joints between them that give the spine some mobility and flexibility to rotate and bend, it's main purpose is for stability of the overall structure and the spinal column. (alexandertechniqueamelia.com)
Most people bend and 'break the back' when engaging in daily activities, meaning you treat your spine as if you had many major joints at places along the spine. (alexandertechniqueamelia.com)
Here is an example: if I go to bend down to pick something up (as in the picture below on the left), and I bend my back at the navel in order to accomplish this, I am acting as though I have a major joint located in my thoracic/lumbar spine. (alexandertechniqueamelia.com)
In conclusion for Alexander Anatomy 101: the AOJ, hip joint, and joints of the legs are responsible for movement, while the stability of the spine is essential. (alexandertechniqueamelia.com)
The entire spine is hyperextending with an intense force that causes the facet joint capsules to compress. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)
Upper Cervical Chiropractic works on the atlanto-occipital joint of the upper spine. (backinbalanceredmond.com)
Compared to other parts of the spine, the joint capsules are quite loose in the cervical region to facilitate smooth movement. (neurosurg.org)
The lower cervical spine is neutral with the atlanto-occipital joint slightly extended. (sparktrainingsystems.com)
This retraction flexes the atlanto-occipital joints while extending the C3-C7 joints (Bogduk, N. 2002) creating a neutral cervical spine, also known as the cervical braced position. (sparktrainingsystems.com)
In between each vertebrae there is an intervertebral disc which forms a fibrocartilaginous joint allowing slight movement between the vertebrae and functioning as a shock absorber for the spine. (anatomyzone.com)
The top joint in your body, where your head meets your spine is called the Atlanto-Occipital (A-O) Joint. (mollykampf.com)
Peripheral neuropathic joints or even neuropathic alteration of the spine itself may develop in long-standing cases of syringomyelia. (medscape.com)

The atlanto-occipital joint (base of the skull and first vertebrae called the atlas) is commonly involved from fixations, adhesions/scar tissue and/or muscular contraction. (sorebackblog.com)

Thus possible sources of cervicogenic headache are: atlanto-occipital joint, median and lateral atlanto-axial joints, C2-3 intervertebral disc, C2-3 zygapophysial joint, upper posterior neck and paravertebral muscles, the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles, spinal and posterior cranial fossa dura matter, cervical spinal nerves and roots, and the vertebral artery. (asra.com)

Eleven of twenty-three studies evaluated the effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA), 5 evaluated occipital nerve blocks, 2 each for facet joint injections and deep cervical plexus blocks, and 1 study each evaluated atlantoaxial (AA) joint injections, cervical epidural injection, and cryoneurolysis. (ekja.org)
In conclusion, based on the available literature, occipital nerve blocks, cervical facet joint injection, AA joint injection, deep cervical plexus block, cervical epidural injection may be reasonable options in refractory cases of CeH. (ekja.org)

Flexes the neck at the spinal joints. (learnmuscles.com)

The obliquus capitis superior is one of the suboccipital muscles that acts at the atlanto-occipital joint. (anatomy.app)
You can learn small balancing movements of the head, up and down and from side to side using the smaller sub-occipital muscles (rather than the larger trapesius muscles) and as a result you can fine tune the balance and increase your control of the small adjusting movements of the head on top of the spinal column. (londonpainclinic.com)

The coronal suture joins the frontal and parietal bones and other fibrous joints are formed with sphenoid, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, ethmoid bones. (pharmacyinfoline.com)
These bones lie one on each side of the head and form immovable joints with the parietal, occipital, sphenoid, zygomatic bones. (pharmacyinfoline.com)
It has immovable joints with the parietal, temporal, sphenoid bones. (pharmacyinfoline.com)

Damage to vasculature, apparent microscopically, probably facilitates formation of inflammatory exudate and increased synovial fluid in joints. (iastate.edu)

Clinical presentations suggestive of pain originating from the lateral atlanto-axial joint include: occipital or suboccipital pain, focal tenderness over the suboccipital area or over the transverse process of C1, restricted painful rotation of C1 on C2, and pain provocation by passive rotation of C1. (asra.com)

We took her to hospital and she was eventually diagnosed with a rotary subluxation of the atlanto occipital joint. (raisiebay.com)

The measurement of the movement of C1 over C2 is mainly measured by the gap between the anterior wall of the dens the posterior wall of the anterior rim of C1 (atlanto-dental interval, ADI). (medscape.com)
[2] Our concern in neural compression in this CVJ region may come from bony developmental anomalies such as occipital condylar hypoplasia, condylus tertius, basiocciput hypoplasia and C1 assimilation, C1 hypoplasia, C1 aplasia, split atlas (posterior and anterior arch rachischisis), persistent os terminal, odontoid aplasia, and os odontoideum. (ijos.in)
The membrana atlanto-occipitalis posterior (posterior occipito-atloid membrane) (Fig. 296) is another distinct but still thin membrane which is attached superiorly to the posterior half of the circumference of the foramen magnum, and inferiorly to the upper border of the posterior arch of the atlas. (co.ma)

The membrana atlanto-occipitalis anterior (anterior occipito-atloid membrane) (Fig. 296) is a strong although thin membrane, attached inferiorly to the anterior arch of the atlas, and superiorly to the anterior half of the circumference of the foramen magnum. (co.ma)

Depresses of the mandible at the temporomandibular joints (TMJs). (learnmuscles.com)

This joint and the small area surrounding it has many important roles: the carriage of the weight of the head, the balance mechanisms in the inner ear, jaw movement, passage for the spinal cord to the brain and nerves to our body. (mollykampf.com)
Occipital neuralgia is a condition in which the nerves that run from the top of the spinal cord up through the scalp, called the occipital nerves, are inflamed or injured. (sorebackblog.com)

They will analyze posture, and spinal alignment, check for tenderness, tightness, and how well the spinal joints move. (personalinjurydoctorgroup.com)

The atlantooccipital joints allow movement in extension and flexion. (medscape.com)
while the atlanto-occipital joint is responsible for half of the flexion and extension movements of the neck. (neurosurg.org)

The headache occurs in non-clustering episodes and is usually non-throbbing in nature, originating from the neck and spreading over the occipital, temporal, and frontal regions. (asra.com)

Forward head carriage may promote accelerated aging of intervertebral joints resulting in degenerative joint disease (5). (cyberpt.com)
Extends the head at the atlanto-occipital joint. (learnmuscles.com)

Bartsch and Goadsby showed that noxious stimulation of the greater occipital nerve induces increased central excitability of supratentorial afferents [10] and vice versa. (asra.com)

Once the athlete decides to begin the exercise, the fingers (distal and proximal interphalangeal joints) are flexed and strong. (sparktrainingsystems.com)

Besides the imbalances and postural deviations mentioned above, physical therapists may also find joint dysfunction particularly at the atlanto-occipital joint, C4-5 segment, cervicothoracic joint, glenohumeral joint, and T4-5 segment (3). (cyberpt.com)

Response to diagnostic block of the nerve supply of these cervical structures or intraarticular injection of local anesthetic into the culprit joint is now considered the major crtierion in the diganosis of cervicogenic headache. (asra.com)
The lateral atlanto-axial joint, which is innervated by the C2 ventral ramus, is not an uncommon cause of cervicogenic headache. (asra.com)
It may account for 16% of patients with occipital headache. (asra.com)
These clinical presentations merely indicate that the lateral atlanto-axial joint could be a possible source of occipital headache, however they are not specific and therefore cannot be used alone to establish the diagnosis. (asra.com)

The jaw joint plays a vital role in enabling us to perform all jaw movements like chewing foods and talking. (backinbalanceredmond.com)

This jaw is also known as temporomandibular joint , or TMJ in short. (backinbalanceredmond.com)
What is temporomandibular joint disorder? (backinbalanceredmond.com)

What is the Atlantoaxial (AA) Joint? (centenoschultz.com)
What are the key components of the Atlantoaxial Joint? (centenoschultz.com)

Any pain that affects the jaw joints is called TMJ disorder. (backinbalanceredmond.com)

Punto de articulación entre el HUESO OCCIPITAL y el ATLAS CERVICAL. (bvsalud.org)
However, in this updated edition of Atlas of Canine Arthrology, the information provided in the previous version has been enhanced and complemented with new tools, 3D animations, and self-evaluation tests that will help readers acquire knowledge and form a better understanding of joint anatomy and function elements of great importance for each dog's physical health and well-being. (grupoasis.com)
Atlas en color de anatomía veterinaria. (grupoasis.com)

[13] In human volunteers distending the lateral atlanto-axial joint with contrast agent produces occipital pain. (asra.com)

Hyperextension in joints will be addressed when present and solutions to overcome the harmful habit offered. (mollykampf.com)

When using the body and conceptualizing the body, it is very important to know where the major joints are in the body. (alexandertechniqueamelia.com)
The major joints that are responsible for movement in the body are the AOJ, the hip joint, the knees, and the ankles (and of course the arm joints as well, but I am focusing more on the postural anatomical parts necessary for standing, sitting, bending, etc. (alexandertechniqueamelia.com)
The major perform of the atlanto-occipital joint is motion in the sagittal plane. (chatstw.com)

Here is a side by side comparison of an older women 'breaking her back' to bend down, where the picture on the right is of a young child bending correctly at the joints while maintaining a good use of the back. (alexandertechniqueamelia.com)

Anatomy70

Diseases72

Chemicals and Drugs7

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment57

Psychiatry and Psychology39

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science6

Health Care11

Transoral decompression for craniovertebral osseous anomalies: perioperative management dilemmas. (1/92)

Bow hunter's stroke associated with atlantooccipital assimilation--case report. (2/92)

Surgical treatment of nonunited fractures of the odontoid process, with special reference to occipitocervical fusion for unreducible atlantoaxial subluxation or instability. (3/92)

Bilateral type 1 proatlantal arteries with absence of vertebral arteries. (4/92)

Hindbrain stroke in children caused by extracranial vertebral artery trauma. (5/92)

Recognition and management of atlanto-occipital dislocation: improving survival from an often fatal condition. (6/92)

Skeletal aspects of the atlanto-occipital fusion in a Japanese brown calf. (7/92)

Traumatic posterior atlantooccipital dislocation with Jefferson fracture and fracture-dislocation of C6-C7: a case report with survival. (8/92)

Occipital Bone

Joints

Knee Joint

Joint Diseases

Finger Joint

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Ankle Joint

Atlanto-Occipital Joint

Hip Joint

Tarsal Joints

Brain Mapping

Wrist Joint

Joint Capsule

Sacroiliac Joint

Brain

Photic Stimulation

Visual Cortex

Electroencephalography

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Epilepsies, Partial

Joint Instability

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Parietal Lobe

Metatarsophalangeal Joint

Encephalocele

Hemianopsia

Foot Joints

Evoked Potentials, Visual

Visual Perception

Cerebral Cortex

Functional Laterality

Shoulder Joint

Spinal Nerves

Foramen Magnum

Joint Prosthesis

Temporal Lobe

Blindness

Temporomandibular Joint Disc

Acromioclavicular Joint

Skull Fractures

Alpha Rhythm

Osteoarthritis

Headache

Cervical Atlas

Meningocele

Pattern Recognition, Visual

Skull Neoplasms

Cranial Sinuses

Frontal Lobe

Arthritis, Rheumatoid

Skull

Dandy-Walker Syndrome

Cluster Headache

Visual Pathways

Sternoclavicular Joint

Cartilage, Articular

Synovial Fluid

Epilepsy, Reflex

Face

Injections, Intra-Articular

Biomechanical Phenomena

Dominance, Cerebral

Phosphenes

Attention

Carpometacarpal Joints

Cranial Fossa, Posterior

Synovitis

Agnosia

Tomography, Emission-Computed

Reaction Time

Axis

Synovial Membrane

Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Range of Motion, Articular

Psychomotor Performance

Visual Fields

Scalp

Magnetoencephalography

Parietal Bone

Neurosurgical Procedures