Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.
Cerebellar Ataxia
Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)
Friedreich Ataxia
An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)
Spinocerebellar Ataxias
A group of dominantly inherited, predominately late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divided into multiple subtypes based on clinical features and genetic mapping. Progressive ataxia is a central feature of these conditions, and in certain subtypes POLYNEUROPATHY; DYSARTHRIA; visual loss; and other disorders may develop. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch65, pp 12-17; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998 Jun;57(6):531-43)
Gait Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal ambulation (WALKING) which may result from impairments of motor function or sensory feedback. This condition may be associated with BRAIN DISEASES (including CEREBELLAR DISEASES and BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES); SPINAL CORD DISEASES; or PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES.
Ataxia Telangiectasia
An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by choreoathetosis beginning in childhood, progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA; TELANGIECTASIS of CONJUNCTIVA and SKIN; DYSARTHRIA; B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, and RADIOSENSITIVITY to IONIZING RADIATION. Affected individuals are prone to recurrent sinobronchopulmonary infections, lymphoreticular neoplasms, and other malignancies. Serum ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS are usually elevated. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p688) The gene for this disorder (ATM) encodes a cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase and has been mapped to chromosome 11 (11q22-q23).
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
A group of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES which activate critical signaling cascades in double strand breaks, APOPTOSIS, and GENOTOXIC STRESS such as ionizing ultraviolet A light, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. These proteins play a role in a wide range of signaling mechanisms in cell cycle control.
Machado-Joseph Disease
A dominantly-inherited ATAXIA first described in people of Azorean and Portuguese descent, and subsequently identified in Brazil, Japan, China, and Australia. This disorder is classified as one of the SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIAS (Type 3) and has been associated with a mutation of the MJD1 gene on chromosome 14. Clinical features include progressive ataxia, DYSARTHRIA, postural instability, nystagmus, eyelid retraction, and facial FASCICULATIONS. DYSTONIA is prominent in younger patients (referred to as Type I Machado-Joseph Disease). Type II features ataxia and ocular signs; Type III features MUSCULAR ATROPHY and a sensorimotor neuropathy; and Type IV features extrapyramidal signs combined with a sensorimotor neuropathy. (From Clin Neurosci 1995;3(1):17-22; Ann Neurol 1998 Mar;43(3):288-96)
Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
An increased number of contiguous trinucleotide repeats in the DNA sequence from one generation to the next. The presence of these regions is associated with diseases such as FRAGILE X SYNDROME and MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY. Some CHROMOSOME FRAGILE SITES are composed of sequences where trinucleotide repeat expansion occurs.
Trinucleotide Repeats
Cerebellum
The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.
Tumor Suppressor Proteins
Cell Cycle Proteins
Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.
Pedigree
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases
Cerebellar Diseases
Mutation
Ocular Motility Disorders
Disorders that feature impairment of eye movements as a primary manifestation of disease. These conditions may be divided into infranuclear, nuclear, and supranuclear disorders. Diseases of the eye muscles or oculomotor cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI) are considered infranuclear. Nuclear disorders are caused by disease of the oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nuclei in the BRAIN STEM. Supranuclear disorders are produced by dysfunction of higher order sensory and motor systems that control eye movements, including neural networks in the CEREBRAL CORTEX; BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; and BRAIN STEM. Ocular torticollis refers to a head tilt that is caused by an ocular misalignment. Opsoclonus refers to rapid, conjugate oscillations of the eyes in multiple directions, which may occur as a parainfectious or paraneoplastic condition (e.g., OPSOCLONUS-MYOCLONUS SYNDROME). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p240)
Fragile X Syndrome
A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)
Apraxias
A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)
Age of Onset
Dysarthria
Disorders of speech articulation caused by imperfect coordination of pharynx, larynx, tongue, or face muscles. This may result from CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; CEREBELLAR DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; BRAIN STEM diseases; or diseases of the corticobulbar tracts (see PYRAMIDAL TRACTS). The cortical language centers are intact in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p489)
DNA-Binding Proteins
Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein
DNA Damage
Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.
Myoclonic Cerebellar Dyssynergia
A condition marked by progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA combined with MYOCLONUS usually presenting in the third decade of life or later. Additional clinical features may include generalized and focal SEIZURES, spasticity, and DYSKINESIAS. Autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant patterns of inheritance have been reported. Pathologically, the dentate nucleus and brachium conjunctivum of the CEREBELLUM are atrophic, with variable involvement of the spinal cord, cerebellar cortex, and basal ganglia. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1991, Ch37, pp60-1)
Nystagmus, Pathologic
Involuntary movements of the eye that are divided into two types, jerk and pendular. Jerk nystagmus has a slow phase in one direction followed by a corrective fast phase in the opposite direction, and is usually caused by central or peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Pendular nystagmus features oscillations that are of equal velocity in both directions and this condition is often associated with visual loss early in life. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p272)
DNA Repeat Expansion
Kv1.1 Potassium Channel
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Phenotype
Nuclear Proteins
Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies
Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies
A group of inherited and sporadic disorders which share progressive ataxia in combination with atrophy of the CEREBELLUM; PONS; and inferior olivary nuclei. Additional clinical features may include MUSCLE RIGIDITY; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; RETINAL DEGENERATION; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; DEMENTIA; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and OPHTHALMOPLEGIA. The familial form has an earlier onset (second decade) and may feature spinal cord atrophy. The sporadic form tends to present in the fifth or sixth decade, and is considered a clinical subtype of MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1085)
Genes, Dominant
Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System
Mutation, Missense
Multiple System Atrophy
A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Gliadin
Vitamin E Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN E in the diet, characterized by posterior column and spinocerebellar tract abnormalities, areflexia, ophthalmoplegia, and disturbances of gait, proprioception, and vibration. In premature infants vitamin E deficiency is associated with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytosis, edema, intraventricular hemorrhage, and increasing risk of retrolental fibroplasia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. An apparent inborn error of vitamin E metabolism, named familial isolated vitamin E deficiency, has recently been identified. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1181)
Neurologic Examination
Myoclonus
Involuntary shock-like contractions, irregular in rhythm and amplitude, followed by relaxation, of a muscle or a group of muscles. This condition may be a feature of some CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; (e.g., EPILEPSY, MYOCLONIC). Nocturnal myoclonus is the principal feature of the NOCTURNAL MYOCLONUS SYNDROME. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp102-3).
Calcium Channels, P-Type
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Atrophy
DNA Repair
The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.
Nervous System Diseases
Checkpoint Kinase 2
Radiation, Ionizing
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION or particle radiation (high energy ELEMENTARY PARTICLES) capable of directly or indirectly producing IONS in its passage through matter. The wavelengths of ionizing electromagnetic radiation are equal to or smaller than those of short (far) ultraviolet radiation and include gamma and X-rays.
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.
Fasciculation
Involuntary contraction of the muscle fibers innervated by a motor unit. Fasciculations can often by visualized and take the form of a muscle twitch or dimpling under the skin, but usually do not generate sufficient force to move a limb. They may represent a benign condition or occur as a manifestation of MOTOR NEURON DISEASE or PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1294)
Miller Fisher Syndrome
A variant of the GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME characterized by the acute onset of oculomotor dysfunction, ataxia, and loss of deep tendon reflexes with relative sparing of strength in the extremities and trunk. The ataxia is produced by peripheral sensory nerve dysfunction and not by cerebellar injury. Facial weakness and sensory loss may also occur. The process is mediated by autoantibodies directed against a component of myelin found in peripheral nerves. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1313; Neurology 1987 Sep;37(9):1493-8)
Heterozygote
Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive
A heterogeneous group of primarily familial disorders characterized by myoclonic seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, ataxia, progressive intellectual deterioration, and neuronal degeneration. These include LAFORA DISEASE; MERRF SYNDROME; NEURONAL CEROID-LIPOFUSCINOSIS; sialidosis (see MUCOLIPIDOSES), and UNVERRICHT-LUNDBORG SYNDROME.
Genetic Linkage
Reflex, Abnormal
Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary
A group of inherited diseases that share similar phenotypes but are genetically diverse. Different genetic loci for autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and x-linked forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia have been identified. Clinically, patients present with slowly progressive distal limb weakness and lower extremity spasticity. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Jan;64(1):61-6; Curr Opin Neurol 1997 Aug;10(4):313-8)
Cerebellar Nuclei
Epilepsies, Myoclonic
A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic (i.e., occurring secondary to known disease processes such as infections, hypoxic-ischemic injuries, trauma, etc.).
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)
Ophthalmoplegia
Optic Atrophy
Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.
Hypoalbuminemia
Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
Disease Models, Animal
Shaw Potassium Channels
Alleles
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
Ataxia, ocular telangiectasia, chromosome instability, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a patient with an unknown breakage syndrome. (1/764)
An 8 year old boy who had Langerhans cell histiocytosis when he was 15 months old showed psychomotor regression from the age of 2 years. Microcephaly, severe growth deficiency, and ocular telangiectasia were also evident. Magnetic nuclear resonance imaging showed cerebellar atrophy. Alphafetoprotein was increased. Chromosome instability after x irradiation and rearrangements involving chromosome 7 were found. Molecular study failed to show mutations involving the ataxia-telangiectasia gene. This patient has a clinical picture which is difficult to relate to a known breakage syndrome. Also, the relationship between the clinical phenotype and histiocytosis is unclear. (+info)Biological activity of netilmicin, a broad-spectrum semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic. (2/764)
Netilmicin (Sch 20569) is a new broad-spectrum semisynthetic aminoglycoside derived from sisomicin. Netilmicin was compared to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin in a variety of in vitro test systems as well as in mouse protection tests. Netilmicin was found to be similar in activity to gentamicin against aminoglycoside-susceptible strains in both in vitro and in vivo tests. Netilmicin was also active against many aminoglycoside-resistant strains of gram-negative bacteria, particularly those known to possess adenylating enzymes (ANT 2') or those with a similar resistance pattern. Netilmicin was found to be markedly less toxic than gentamicin in chronic studies in cats, although gentamicin appeared less toxic in acute toxicity tests in mice. The concentrations of netilmicin and gentamicin in serum were compared in dogs after intramuscular dosing, and the pharmacokinetics including peak concentrations in serum were found to be similar. (+info)Targeted disruption of the murine Nhe1 locus induces ataxia, growth retardation, and seizures. (3/764)
In most cells, the ubiquitously expressed Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) is thought to be a primary regulator of pH homeostasis, cell volume regulation, and the proliferative response to growth factor stimulation. To study the function of NHE1 during embryogenesis when these cellular processes are very active, we targeted the Nhe1 gene by replacing the sequence encoding transmembrane domains 6 and 7 with the neomycin resistance gene. NHE activity assays on isolated acinar cells indicated that the targeted allele is functionally null. Although the absence of NHE1 is compatible with embryogenesis, Nhe1 homozygous mutants (-/-) exhibit a decreased rate of postnatal growth that is first evident at 2 wk of age. At this time, Nhe1 -/- animals also begin to exhibit ataxia and epileptic-like seizures. Approximately 67% of the -/- mutants die before weaning. Postmortem examinations frequently revealed an accumulation of a waxy particulate material inside the ears, around the eyes and chin, and on the ventral surface of the paws. Histological analysis of adult tissues revealed a thickening of the lamina propria and a slightly atrophic glandular mucosa in the stomach. (+info)Anticonvulsant efficacy of N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists against convulsions induced by cocaine. (4/764)
Convulsions associated with cocaine abuse can be life threatening and resistant to standard emergency treatment. Cocaine (75 mg/kg, i. p.) produced clonic convulsions in approximately 90% of male, Swiss-Webster mice. A variety of clinically used antiepileptic agents did not significantly protect against cocaine convulsions (e. g., diazepam and phenobarbital). Anticonvulsants in clinical practice that did significantly protect against convulsion did so only at doses with significant sedative/ataxic effects (e.g., clonazepam and valproic acid). In contrast, functional N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists all produced dose-dependent and significant protection against the convulsant effects of cocaine. Anticonvulsant efficacy was achieved by blockade of both competitive and noncompetitive modulatory sites on the NMDA receptor complex. Thus, competitive antagonists, ion-channel blockers, polyamine antagonists, and functional blockers of the strychnine-insensitive glycine modulatory site all prevented cocaine seizures. The role of NMDA receptors in the control of cocaine-induced convulsions was further strengthened by the positive correlation between the potencies of noncompetititve antagonists or competitive antagonists to block convulsions and their respective affinities for their specific binding sites on the NMDA receptor complex. Although some NMDA blockers produced profound behavioral side effects at efficacious doses (e.g., noncompetitive antagonists), others (e.g., some low-affinity channel blockers, some competitive antagonists, and glycine antagonists) demonstrated significant and favorable separation between their anticonvulsant and side effect profiles. The present results provide the most extensive evidence to date identifying NMDA receptor blockade as a potential strategy for the discovery of agents for clinical use in averting toxic sequelae from cocaine overdose. Given the literature suggesting a role for these drugs in other areas of drug abuse treatments, NMDA receptor antagonists sit in a unique position as potential therapeutic candidates. (+info)Neurotoxicity and behavioral effects of thiram in rats. (5/764)
Eight of 24 female rats fed 66.9 mg/kg-day of thiram developed neurotoxicity. The neurotoxic effects were characterized by ataxia and paralysis of the hind legs. There were demyelination, degeneration of the axis cylinders, and presence of macrophages in the nerve bundle of the sciatic nerve. Degeneration in the ventral horn of the lower lumbar region of the spinal cord was evidenced by chromatolysis of motorneurons, pyknosis, and satellitosis. During a second experiment, 4 of 24 females fed 65.8 mg/kg--day also developed ataxia and paralysis. An additional 9 females showed clasping of the hind feet when picked up by the tail. Nerve conduction could not be measured for one severely ataxic rat and the electromyogram indicated a loss of motor unit function. Histopathology of this rat, along with the others, suggests the peripheral nerve as the primary site of the lesion. Thiram also caused behavioral changes in apparently normal rats. The walking pattern of the hind legs was altered with decreases in stride width and the angle between contralateral steps. These rats required significantly more shock-motivations and cleared a lower height in a jump/climb ability test. An open-field study indicated that thiram caused hyperactivity in the nonataxic rats of both sexes. Three of 24 rats fed 95.8 mg/kg-day of ferbam also developed ataxia or paralysis. (+info)A lysosomal storage disease induced by Ipomoea carnea in goats in Mozambique. (6/764)
A novel plant-induced lysosomal storage disease was observed in goats from a village in Mozambique. Affected animals were ataxic, with head tremors and nystagmus. Because of a lack of suitable feed, the animals consumed an exotic hedge plant growing in the village that was identified as Ipomoea carnea (shrubby morning glory, Convolvulaceae). The toxicosis was reproduced by feeding I. carnea plant material to goats. In acute cases, histologic changes in the brain and spinal cord comprised widespread cytoplasmic vacuolation of neurons and glial cells in association with axonal spheroid formation. Ultrastructurally, cytoplasmic storage vacuoles in neurons were membrane bound and consistent with lysosomes. Cytoplasmic vacuolation was also found in neurons in the submucosal and mesenteric plexuses in the small intestine, in renal tubular epithelial cells, and in macrophage-phagocytic cells in the spleen and lymph nodes in acute cases. Residual alterations in the brain in chronic cases revealed predominantly cerebellar lesions characterized by loss of Purkinje neurons and gliosis of the Purkinje cell layer. Analysis of I. carnea plant material by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry established the presence of the mannosidase inhibitor swainsonine and 2 glycosidase inhibitors, calystegine B2 and calystegine C1, consistent with a plant-induced alpha-mannosidosis in the goats. The described storage disorder is analogous to the lysosomal storage diseases induced by ingestion of locoweeds (Astragalus and Oxytropis) and poison peas (Swainsona). (+info)A novel mutation in the human voltage-gated potassium channel gene (Kv1.1) associates with episodic ataxia type 1 and sometimes with partial epilepsy. (7/764)
Episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by brief episodes of ataxia associated with continuous interattack myokymia. Point mutations in the human voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv1.1) gene on chromosome 12p13 have recently been shown to associate with EA1. A Scottish family with EA1 harbouring a novel mutation in this gene is reported. Of the five affected individuals over three generations, two had partial epilepsy in addition to EA1. The detailed clinical, electrophysiological and molecular genetic findings are presented. The heterozygous point mutation is located at nucleotide position 677 and results in a radical amino acid substitution at a highly conserved position in the second transmembrane domain of the potassium channel. Functional studies indicated that mutant subunits exhibited a dominant negative effect on potassium channel function and would be predicted to impair neuronal repolarization. Potassium channels determine the excitability of neurons and blocking drugs are proconvulsant. A critical review of previously reported EA1 families shows an over-representation of epilepsy in family members with EA1 compared with unaffected members. These observations indicate that this mutation is pathogenic and suggest that the epilepsy in EA1 may be caused by the dysfunctional potassium channel. It is possible that such dysfunction may be relevant to other epilepsies in man. (+info)Neurotoxic effects of 2,5-hexanedione on normal and neurofilament-deficient quail. (8/764)
The neurotoxic effects of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) were investigated using neurofilament (NF)-deficient (Quv) Japanese quail in comparison with normal Japanese quail. Both Quv and normal Japanese quail were inoculated intraperitoneally with 350 mg/kg/day 2,5-HD for 6 consecutive wk. The results of 2,5-HD exposure differed substantially between the 2 strains of Japanese quail. The 2,5-HD-exposed normal quail showed leg paralysis about 4 wk after initiation of dosing. Some treated normal quail fell into dysstasia and died of nutritional disturbances. Histologically, 2,5-HD-treated normal quail had NF-rich axonal swellings and degeneration in the distal parts of the peripheral nerves, spinal cord, and cerebellar peduncles. In contrast, 2,5-HD-injected Quv quail showed tonic convulsion, ataxia gait, severe quivering, and excitation about 2-3 days after administration. Some treated Quv birds died immediately after systemic tonic convulsion, probably because of asphyxia. Although all treated Quv quail showed neurologic signs, there were no recognizable 2,5-HD-induced lesions in the nervous system. After about 4-6 wk of dosing, 2,5-HD induced distal axonopathy in normal quail and acute neurotoxicity in Quv quail. (+info)Autofluorescence-based analyses of intranuclear inclusions of Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome<...
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Hereditary cerebellar ataxia meaning in Urdu is موروثی سیریبلر اٹیکسیا, موروثی سیریبلر اٹیکسیا - English to Urdu Dictionary
Ataxia in Dogs
Cerebellar ataxia; Ataxia, Cerebellar; Adiadochokinesis; Cerebellar Dysmetria; Dysmetria
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Caudal fossa respiratory epithelial cyst in a dog: clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathologic findings |...
Information:Ataxia
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When to Euthanize a Dog with Ataxia?
Ataxia
It accounts for 40% of ataxias of unknown origin and 15% of all ataxias. Less than 10% of people with gluten ataxia present any ... Hereditary disorders causing ataxia include autosomal dominant ones such as spinocerebellar ataxia, episodic ataxia, and ... episodic ataxia type 2, gluten ataxia, glutamic acid decarboxylase ataxia. Novel therapies target the RNA defects associated ... The term sensory ataxia is used to indicate ataxia due to loss of proprioception, the loss of sensitivity to the positions of ...
Ataxia (album)
All songs on Ataxia were written and performed by Robert Pollard, Todd Tobias, and Tim Tobias. "The music jumps from dark ... Ataxia is the sixth studio album released by alternative / psychedelic-rock band Circus Devils on October 31, 2008. ... Ataxia is Yes's Tales From Topographic Oceans remade in miniature from pottery fragments and human toenail clippings." -- ... "The overall tone of Ataxia is almost Gothic in its dark mystique. Songs seem to bubble up amidst a cauldron of haunting, ...
Ataxia cayennensis
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940. It is ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia cayennensis. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... matches Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1940, All stub articles, ...
Spinocerebellar ataxia
... spastic ataxia. Disorder subdivisions: Friedreich's ataxia, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Ataxia telangiectasia, Vasomotor ataxia, ... Friedreich ataxia, ataxia-telangiectasia, ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, ataxia with oculomotor apraxia (AOA), ... The symptoms of an ataxia vary with the specific type and with the individual patient. In many cases a person with ataxia ... ataxia at NINDS msa at NINDS opca_doc at NINDS MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Olivopontocerebellar atrophy Spinocerebellar ataxia 27 ...
Ataxia operaria
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson in 1848, ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia operaria. Retrieved 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1848, All stub articles, Pteropliini ...
Ataxia mucronata
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1866. It is known ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia mucronata. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Taxonbars with automatically added original combinations, Ataxia (beetle), ...
Ataxia spinipennis
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chevrolat in 1862. It is known from ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia spinipennis. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... matches Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1862, All stub articles, ...
Ataxia spinicauda
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Schaeffer in 1904. It is known from ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia spinicauda. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1904, All stub articles, Pteropliini ...
Sensory ataxia
... is both a symptom and a sign in neurology. It is a form of ataxia (loss of coordination) caused not by ... Sensory ataxia also lacks the associated features of cerebellar ataxia such as pendular tendon reflexes, scanning dysarthria, ... Sensory ataxia is distinguished from cerebellar ataxia by the presence of near-normal coordination when the movement is ... Moeller JJ, Macaulay RJ, Valdmanis PN, Weston LE, Rouleau GA, Dupré N (September 2008). "Autosomal dominant sensory ataxia: a ...
Friedreich's ataxia
The Friedreich's Ataxia Global Patient Registry is the only worldwide registry of Friedreich's ataxia patients to characterize ... "Friedreich Ataxia Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019. "Friedreich ataxia ... Other diagnoses might include Charcot-Marie-Tooth types 1 and 2, ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, ataxia-oculomotor apraxia ... Bürk K (2017). "Friedreich Ataxia: current status and future prospects". Cerebellum & Ataxias. 4: 4. doi:10.1186/s40673-017- ...
Truncal ataxia
... is different from appendicular ataxia. Appendicular ataxia affects the movements of the arms and legs. It is ... Truncal ataxia is caused by midline damage to the cerebellar vermis. There are at least 34 conditions that cause truncal ataxia ... Truncal ataxia (or trunk ataxia) is a wide-based "drunken sailor" gait characterised by uncertain starts and stops, lateral ... As a result of this gait impairment, falling is a concern in patients with ataxia. Truncal ataxia affects the muscles closer to ...
Cerebellar ataxia
Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia Sensory ataxia Spinocerebellar ataxia Vestibulocerebellar syndrome "Cerebellar ataxia". ... Gluten ataxia accounts for 40% of all sporadic idiopathic ataxias and 15% of all ataxias. Primary auto-immune ataxias (PACA) ... Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia originating in the cerebellum. Non-progressive congenital ataxia (NPCA) is a classical ... Drugs have only been studied in degenerative ataxia, and the level of evidence is low." Some effects of cerebellar ataxia may ...
Ataxia (band)
Ataxia wrote and recorded songs for two weeks, and the material was separated into two albums: Automatic Writing (2004) and AW ... Ataxia performed two shows, both at the Knitting Factory in Los Angeles, on February 2 and February 3, 2004. Following this, ... Ataxia was a short-lived American experimental rock supergroup formed in 2004 by guitarist John Frusciante (Red Hot Chili ...
Ataxia obscura
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1801. It is ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia obscura. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1801, All stub articles, Pteropliini ...
Ataxia illita
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885. It is known ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia illita. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1885, All stub articles, Pteropliini ...
Ataxia crypta
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomas Say in 1831, originally under the ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia crypta. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1831, All stub articles, Pteropliini ...
Harding ataxia
Cerebellar ataxia Friedreich ataxia Harding, A. E. (1981). "Early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes: a ... This form of ataxia is characterized by onset in the first 20 years, and is less severe than Friedreich ataxia. Additional ... Harding ataxia is an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia originally described by Harding in 1981. This form of cerebellar ... Harding ataxia at the Office of Rare Diseases Research (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, ...
Ataxia arizonica
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Warren Samuel Fisher in 1920. It is ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia arizonica. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1920, All stub articles, Pteropliini ...
Ataxia brunnea
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Champlain and Knull in 1926. It is known ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia brunnea. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1926, All stub articles, Pteropliini ...
Ataxia alboscutellata
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Warren Samuel Fisher in 1926. It ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia alboscutellata. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... matches Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1926, All stub articles, ...
Ataxia estoloides
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940. It is ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia estoloides. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is ... different from Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1940, All stub articles, ...
Ataxia prolixa
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1866. It is known ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia prolixa. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Taxonbars with automatically added original combinations, Ataxia (beetle), ...
Ataxia fulvifrons
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885. It is ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia fulvifrons. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1885, All stub articles, Pteropliini ...
Ataxia tibialis
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Schaeffer in 1908. It is known from the ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia tibialis. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1908, All stub articles, Pteropliini ...
Ataxia cylindrica
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940. It is ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia cylindrica. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1940, All stub articles, Pteropliini ...
Ataxia hovorei
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lingafelter and Nearns in 2007. It is ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia hovorei. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 2007, All stub articles, Pteropliini ...
Ataxia perplexa
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1892. It is ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia perplexa. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1892, All stub articles, Pteropliini ...
Ataxia variegata
... is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Warren Samuel Fisher in 1925. It is ... BioLib.cz - Ataxia variegata. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), Beetles described in 1925, Endemic fauna of Cuba, All stub ...
Locomotor ataxia
... is the inability to precisely control one's own bodily movements. People afflicted with this disease may walk ... Bram Stoker's death certificate named the cause of death as "Locomotor Ataxia 6 months", presumed to be a reference to syphilis ... additional citation(s) needed] Denslow, Legrand N. (1909). "I. The Surgical Treatment of Locomotor Ataxia". Annals of Surgery. ...
Ataxia hubbardi
BioLib.cz - Ataxia hubbardi. Retrieved on 8 September 2014. Wikispecies has information related to Ataxia hubbardi. v t e ( ... Ataxia hubbardi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Warren Samuel Fisher in 1924. It is ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Ataxia (beetle), ...
Ataxia Telangiectasia | AT | MedlinePlus
Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) is an inherited disease that affects several body systems, including the nervous system and immune ... About Ataxia-Telangiectasia (Ataxia-Telangiectasia Childrens Project) * Ataxia - telangiectasia (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in ... Ataxia Telangiectasia (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) * Ataxia-Telangiectasia (For Parents) (Nemours ... Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare, inherited disease. It affects the nervous system, immune system, and other body systems ...
Cycling to Help Cure Friedrich's Ataxia - Cross-Country Race to Raise Funds
Kyle Bryant learned he had the progressive neurological disorder Friedrichs ataxia. For years he struggled, until cycling gave ... Friedrichs ataxia. The rare genetic disease, also known as FA, slowly breaks down the nervous system, progressively eroding ... Then in 2009, he became the full time director of rideATAXIA, a program within the Friedrichs Ataxia Research Alliance, or ... a cure for Friedrichs ataxia. Genetic research, funded in part by grants from FARA that rideATAXIA helps make possible, has ...
Physiotherapy Benefits Patients With Degenerative Ataxia
The improvement in ataxia symptoms was less pronounced in the afferent group and did not persist for long-term assessment, the ... As there is no efficient drug treatment for ataxia, we have been telling our patients that they should train a lot and do ... "For us, it would even have been a good result if the patients with cerebellar ataxia were not worse than before training. We ... "We had hoped that at least the patients with cerebellar ataxia would indeed be able to sustain the benefit achieved by the 4- ...
Ataxia-Telangiectasia in Ophthalmology: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
The first case described in the literature was a 9-year-old child with progressive cerebellar ataxia and bilateral ... is an autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, and ... encoded search term (Ataxia-Telangiectasia in Ophthalmology) and Ataxia-Telangiectasia in Ophthalmology What to Read Next on ... Progressive cerebellar ataxia usually becomes clinically apparent when the child begins to walk. The ataxia affects station, ...
VIRTUAL Global Ataxia Support Group Meeting - Time Slot #1 - National Ataxia Foundation
Our generous donors help us fund promising Ataxia research and offer support services to people with Ataxia. Your gift today ... VIRTUAL Global Ataxia Support Group Meeting - Time Slot #1. May 5 @ 3:00 pm - 5:00 pm. ... As a member you will receive access to the latest Ataxia news with our e-newsletter and Generations publication. ... Early-bird registration discount for 2023 Annual Ataxia Conference ending soon. LEARN MORE! ...
Medical Definition of Progressive dementia with cerebellar ataxia
Paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia due to autoantibodies against a glutamate receptor
Ataxia Case Study - 1161 Words | Internet Public Library
Progressive ataxia due to alpha tocopherol deficiency in Pakistan Introduction Ataxia is a common neurological symptom which is ... ataxias due to metabolic disorders, mitochondrial ataxias, ataxias with a DNA repair defect, and degenerative ataxia with ... Ataxia Telangiectasia Research Paper. 944 Words , 4 Pages. Ataxia Telangiectasia Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T) is an inherited ... Ataxia Telangiectasia ( ATM gene defect), ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (Alpha tocopherol transfer protein defect), ataxia ...
DonateSummerMatch - National Ataxia Foundation
Ataxia | Sparrow
Autosomal recessive ataxias. * Friedreichs ataxia. This is the most common hereditary ataxia. It involves damage to the ... RFC1 associated ataxia: This is the most common cause of late-onset ataxia. The ataxia symptoms are usually accompanied by ... Autosomal dominant ataxias. *Spinocerebellar ataxias. Researchers have identified more than 40 autosomal dominant ataxia genes ... Ataxia can develop over time or come on suddenly. Ataxia is a sign of several neurological disorders and can cause:. *Poor ...
Search of: 'ataxia with oculomotor apraxia' - Results by Topic - ClinicalTrials.gov
620077: Friedreich Ataxia Genetic Testing (Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion) | Labcorp
Labcorp test details for Friedreich Ataxia Genetic Testing (Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion) ... Friedreich Ataxia Genetic Testing (Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion). TEST: 620077 Test number copied ... Friedreich ataxia is a genetic condition that affects the nervous system and causes movement problems. ...
Ataxia - AHealthyMe - Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts
People with ataxia lose muscle control in their arms and legs, which may lead to a lack of balance, coordination, and trouble ... Ataxia may affect the fingers, hands, arms, legs, body, speech, and even eye movements. ... Ataxia. What is ataxia?. Ataxia is a loss of muscle control. People with ataxia lose muscle control in their arms and legs. ... Key points about ataxia. * People with ataxia lose muscle control in their arms and legs. This may lead to a lack of balance, ...
Ataxia MRI - wikidoc
Friedreich's Ataxia Research Alliance - Privacy Policy
Friedreichs Ataxia Research Alliance collects information about our readers so that we can provide a more interesting and ... Friedreichs Ataxia Research Alliance is committed to respecting and protecting your privacy. This Privacy Policy explains what ... such as when you enter contests or other promotions sponsored by Friedreichs Ataxia Research Alliance and/or our partners. We ...
Friedreichs Ataxia Archives - PediaStaff
Cite the term, Ataxia | Psychology Glossary | AlleyDog.com
Psychology definition for Ataxia in normal everyday language, edited by psychologists, professors and leading students. Help us ... Ataxia. Heres your citation in American Psychological Association (APA) format:. Ataxia. (n.d.). In Alleydog.coms online ... Retrieved from: https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition-cit.php?term=Ataxia ...
Template:Ataxia: Difference between revisions - wikidoc
SciELO - Brazil - Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 in Brazil Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 in Brazil
spinocerebelar ataxia type 6; autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia; pure cerebellar ataxia; CACNA1A gene ... Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA 6) is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia caused by CAG repeat expansion in the SCA6 ... Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 in Brazil Ataxia espinocerebelar tipo 6 no Brasil. ... We report three index patients, with pure, late onset, cerebellar ataxia, belonging to three different Brazilian families, all ...
Cerebellum & Ataxias - v2.sherpa
Episodic Ataxia Mutations in Kv1.1 Alter Potassium Channel Function by Dominant Negative Effects or Haploinsufficiency |...
1995) Episodic ataxia results from voltage-dependent potassium channels with altered functions. Neuron 15:1449-1454. ... 1994) Episodic ataxia/myokymia syndrome is associated with point mutations in the human potassium channel gene, KCNA1. Nat ... Episodic Ataxia Mutations in Kv1.1 Alter Potassium Channel Function by Dominant Negative Effects or Haploinsufficiency. ... 1995) Identification of two new KCNA1 mutations in episodic ataxia/myokymia families. Hum Mol Genet 4:1671-1672. ...
What is the definition of Hereditary ataxia? | Dictionary.net
National Ataxia Foundation | Cars Helping Charities
NAF is a membership supported, nonprofit organization established in1957 to help persons with ataxia and their families. The ... The National Ataxia Foundation is dedicated to improving the lives of persons affected by ataxia through support, education, ... The National Ataxia Foundation is dedicated to improving the lives of persons affected by ataxia through support, education, ... The Foundations primary purpose is to support promising ataxia research and to provide vital programs and services for ataxia ...
Friedreich's Ataxia - St. Jude Children's Research Hospital - Aids Project CI
Cause of Friedreichs Ataxia. Friedreichs ataxia is hereditary. This means that it is transmitted from parent to child. It is ... How Friedreichs Ataxia Is Diagnosed. Your health care provider does a detailed exam to find out if your child has FA. They ... How Friedreichs Ataxia Is Treated. FA currently has no FDA-approved cure or treatment. But your healthcare team can help your ... Friedreichs ataxia does not affect the part of the brain that controls thinking, learning, and cognition, but it is important ...
Reader Response: Clinical Reasoning: An 8-Year-Old With Acute Onset Ataxia | Neurology
Despite the patients presentation of truncal ataxia, failure to ambulate independently, and a sudden inability to walk or ... Clinical Reasoning: An 8-Year-Old With Acute Onset Ataxia. Neurology. 2022;99(7):305-310. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000200906 ... Reader Response: Clinical Reasoning: An 8-Year-Old With Acute Onset Ataxia. ...