Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.
Lung infections with the invasive forms of ASPERGILLUS, usually after surgery, transplantation, prolonged NEUTROPENIA or treatment with high-doses of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis can progress to CHRONIC NECROTIZING PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS or hematogenous spread to other organs.
Hypersensitivity reaction (ALLERGIC REACTION) to fungus ASPERGILLUS in an individual with long-standing BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. It is characterized by pulmonary infiltrates, EOSINOPHILIA, elevated serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN E, and skin reactivity to Aspergillus antigen.
Infections of the respiratory tract with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS. Infections may result in allergic reaction (ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS), colonization in pulmonary cavities as fungus balls (MYCETOMA), or lead to invasion of the lung parenchyma (INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS).
A species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic fumigatin is obtained. Its spores may cause respiratory infection in birds and mammals.
Pulmonary diseases caused by fungal infections, usually through hematogenous spread.
A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family Trichocomaceae.
Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.
Infections of the nervous system caused by fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS, most commonly ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS. Aspergillus infections may occur in immunocompetent hosts, but are more prevalent in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES. The organism may spread to the nervous system from focal infections in the lung, mastoid region, sinuses, inner ear, bones, eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and heart. Sinus infections may be locally invasive and enter the intracranial compartment, producing MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; cranial neuropathies; and abscesses in the frontal lobes of the brain. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch 27, pp62-3)
Polysaccharides consisting of mannose units.
Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.
Triazoles are a class of synthetic antifungal and antiprotozoal drugs that inhibit the enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase, disrupting ergosterol synthesis in fungal cells.
Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.
Cyclic hexapeptides of proline-ornithine-threonine-proline-threonine-serine. The cyclization with a single non-peptide bond can lead them to be incorrectly called DEPSIPEPTIDES, but the echinocandins lack ester links. Antifungal activity is via inhibition of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase production of BETA-GLUCANS.
A species of imperfect fungi which grows on peanuts and other plants and produces the carcinogenic substance aflatoxin. It is also used in the production of the antibiotic flavicin.
A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.
A human or animal whose immunologic mechanism is deficient because of an immunodeficiency disorder or other disease or as the result of the administration of immunosuppressive drugs or radiation.
An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.
Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors.
MYCOSES of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges which may result in ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; MYELITIS; BRAIN ABSCESS; and EPIDURAL ABSCESS. Certain types of fungi may produce disease in immunologically normal hosts, while others are classified as opportunistic pathogens, causing illness primarily in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME).
Compounds consisting of a short peptide chain conjugated with an acyl chain.
Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.
Glucose polymers consisting of a backbone of beta(1->3)-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl units with beta(1->6) linked side chains of various lengths. They are a major component of the CELL WALL of organisms and of soluble DIETARY FIBER.
A family of 6-membered heterocyclic compounds occurring in nature in a wide variety of forms. They include several nucleic acid constituents (CYTOSINE; THYMINE; and URACIL) and form the basic structure of the barbiturates.
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.
The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of fungi, and MYCOSES.
Peptides whose amino and carboxy ends are linked together with a peptide bond forming a circular chain. Some of them are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. Some of them are biosynthesized non-ribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NON-RIBOSOMAL).
Mycoses are infections caused by fungi that affect humans and other animals.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.
A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.
Cell wall components constituting a polysaccharide core found in fungi. They may act as antigens or structural substrates.
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.
The architecture, functional design, and construction of hospitals.
The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antifungal agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation.
Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order Mucorales (e.g., Absidia, Mucor, Rhizopus etc.) There are many clinical types associated with infection of the central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an opportunistic infection in patients with a chronic debilitating disease, particularly uncontrolled diabetes, or who are receiving immunosuppressive agents. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
An imperfect fungus causing smut or black mold of several fruits, vegetables, etc.
Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom.
Reproductive bodies produced by fungi.
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Tracheitis is an inflammation of the trachea, the tube that carries air to and from the lungs.
A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)
A chronic progressive subcutaneous infection caused by species of fungi (eumycetoma), or actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). It is characterized by tumefaction, abscesses, and tumor-like granules representing microcolonies of pathogens, such as MADURELLA fungi and bacteria ACTINOMYCETES, with different grain colors.
A naturally occurring glucocorticoid. It has been used in replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone itself is inactive. It is converted in the liver to the active metabolite HYDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p726)
Microscopic threadlike filaments in FUNGI that are filled with a layer of protoplasm. Collectively, the hyphae make up the MYCELIUM.
A genus in the family Trichocomaceae, order EUROTIALES. The anamorph is ASPERGILLUS.
Infection in humans and animals caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes. It includes MUCORMYCOSIS and entomophthoramycosis. The latter is a tropical infection of subcutaneous tissue or paranasal sinuses caused by fungi in the order Entomophthorales. Phycomycosis, closely related to zygomycosis, describes infection with members of Phycomycetes, an obsolete classification.
A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.
The ability of lymphoid cells to mount a humoral or cellular immune response when challenged by antigen.
Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.
One of the paired air spaces located in the body of the SPHENOID BONE behind the ETHMOID BONE in the middle of the skull. Sphenoid sinus communicates with the posterosuperior part of NASAL CAVITY on the same side.
Deliberate prevention or diminution of the host's immune response. It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Meningitis caused by fungal agents which may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts.
An order of zygomycetous fungi, usually saprophytic, causing damage to food in storage, but which may cause respiratory infection or MUCORMYCOSIS in persons suffering from other debilitating diseases.
The presence of fungi circulating in the blood. Opportunistic fungal sepsis is seen most often in immunosuppressed patients with severe neutropenia or in postoperative patients with intravenous catheters and usually follows prolonged antibiotic therapy.
FEVER accompanied by a significant reduction in NEUTROPHIL count associated with CHEMOTHERAPY.
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.
A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.
A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mucoraceae, order MUCORALES, a common saprophyte and facultative parasite of mature fruits and vegetables. It may cause cerebral mycoses in diabetes and cutaneous infection in severely burned patients.
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.
Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions.
Transference of a tissue or organ from either an alive or deceased donor, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.
X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs.
An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).
Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
X-ray image-detecting devices that make a focused image of body structures lying in a predetermined plane from which more complex images are computed.
Procedures for identifying types and strains of fungi.
Air-filled spaces located within the bones around the NASAL CAVITY. They are extensions of the nasal cavity and lined by the ciliated NASAL MUCOSA. Each sinus is named for the cranial bone in which it is located, such as the ETHMOID SINUS; the FRONTAL SINUS; the MAXILLARY SINUS; and the SPHENOID SINUS.
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

Early diagnosis of central nervous system aspergillosis with combination use of cerebral diffusion-weighted echo-planar magnetic resonance image and polymerase chain reaction of cerebrospinal fluid. (1/1559)

We treated a patient diagnosed as central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis with the combined use of cerebral diffusion-weighted echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and polymerase chain reaction of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-PCR). DWI, a cutting-edge imaging modality to reveal the earliest changes of cerebral infarction, detected cerebral fungal embolization when the conventional computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging failed to reveal it. CSF-PCR demonstrated the presence of Aspergillus-specific DNA in the specimen, when the conventional examination and culture of CSF were nonspecific or negative. These diagnostic methods could be useful in the early diagnosis of CNS aspergillosis.  (+info)

Survival and prognostic factors of invasive aspergillosis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (2/1559)

To determine prognostic factors for survival in bone marrow transplant recipients with invasive aspergillosis (IA), we retrospectively reviewed 27 IA cases observed in our bone marrow transplantation unit between January 1994 and October 1994. On 30 September 1997, six patients were alive and disease-free. The median survival after IA diagnosis was 36 days. Of eight variables found to be related to survival according to the univariate analysis, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) status at IA diagnosis (P = .0008) and the cumulative prednisolone dose taken during the week preceding IA diagnosis (CPDlw) (P < .0001) were selected by a backward stepwise Cox regression model. A three-stage classification was established: CPD1w of < or =7 mg/kg (3 of 8 patients died; 60-day survival rate, 88%), CPD1w of >7 mg/kg and no GVHD (9 of 10 patients died; 60-day survival rate, 20%), and CPD1w of >7 mg/kg and active acute grade 2 or more or extensive chronic GVHD (9 of 9 patients died; 30-day survival rate, 0) (P < .0001).  (+info)

Aspergillus meningitis: diagnosis by non-culture-based microbiological methods and management. (3/1559)

The performance of antibody detection, antigen detection, and Aspergillus genus-specific PCR for diagnosing Aspergillus meningitis was investigated with 26 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from a single patient with proven infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. Immunoglobulin G antibodies directed against Aspergillus were not detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in CSF or serum. The antigen galactomannan was detected in the CSF 45 days before a culture became positive, and Aspergillus DNA was detected 4 days prior to culture. Decline of the galactomannan antigen titer in the CSF during treatment with intravenous and intraventricular amphotericin B and intravenous voriconazole corresponded with the clinical response to treatment.  (+info)

Production of specific monoclonal antibodies to Aspergillus species and their use in immunohistochemical identification of aspergillosis. (4/1559)

Two anti-Aspergillus murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), designated 164G and 611F, have been produced; both specifically recognize cytoplasmic antigens of A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The MAbs can identify Aspergillus spp. both in frozen sections by immunofluorescence and in paraffin-embedded clinical specimens by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining.  (+info)

Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis. (5/1559)

Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most ubiquitous of the airborne saprophytic fungi. Humans and animals constantly inhale numerous conidia of this fungus. The conidia are normally eliminated in the immunocompetent host by innate immune mechanisms, and aspergilloma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, uncommon clinical syndromes, are the only infections observed in such hosts. Thus, A. fumigatus was considered for years to be a weak pathogen. With increases in the number of immunosuppressed patients, however, there has been a dramatic increase in severe and usually fatal invasive aspergillosis, now the most common mold infection worldwide. In this review, the focus is on the biology of A. fumigatus and the diseases it causes. Included are discussions of (i) genomic and molecular characterization of the organism, (ii) clinical and laboratory methods available for the diagnosis of aspergillosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, (iii) identification of host and fungal factors that play a role in the establishment of the fungus in vivo, and (iv) problems associated with antifungal therapy.  (+info)

Femur osteomyelitis due to a mixed fungal infection in a previously healthy man. (6/1559)

We describe a previously healthy, 22-year-old man who, after a closed fracture of the femur and subsequent operation, developed chronic osteomyelitis. Within a few days, infected bone fragments, bone, and wound drainage repeatedly yielded three different filamentous fungi: Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Chalara ellisii. Histologic examination of the bone revealed septate hyphae. After sequential necrotomies of the femur and irrigation-suction drainage with added antimycotic therapy, the infection ceased and the fracture healed. This case is unique in that it is the only known instance in which a long bone was affected in an immunocompetent individual, with no evidence of any systemic infection, by a mixed population of two different Aspergillus spp. and the rare filamentous fungus C. ellisii. Environmental factors that could potentiate the infection include blood and edema fluid resulting from the surgical procedure and the presence of the osteosynthetic plate.  (+info)

Invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus ustus: case report and review. (7/1559)

A case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient caused by Aspergillus ustus is presented. A. ustus was also recovered from the hospital environment, which may indicate that the infection was nosocomially acquired. A literature review revealed seven cases of invasive infections caused by A. ustus, and three of these were primarily cutaneous infections. In vitro susceptibility testing of 12 A. ustus isolates showed that amphotericin B and terbinafine had fungicidal activity and that itraconazole and voriconazole had fungistatic activity.  (+info)

Pseudoepidemic of Aspergillus niger infections traced to specimen contamination in the microbiology laboratory. (8/1559)

We report a pseudo-outbreak of Aspergillus niger that followed building construction in our clinical microbiology laboratory. Because outbreaks of invasive aspergillosis have been linked to hospital construction, strategies to minimize dust in patient care areas are common practice. We illustrate that the impact of false-positive cultures on patient care should compel laboratories to prevent specimen contamination during construction.  (+info)

Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by the Aspergillus species of fungi. It can affect various parts of the body, including the lungs, sinuses, brain, and skin. There are several types of aspergillosis, including: 1. Aspergillus fumigatus: This is the most common cause of aspergillosis and can cause both invasive and allergic forms of the disease. 2. Aspergillus flavus: This species can cause invasive aspergillosis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. 3. Aspergillus terreus: This species can cause invasive aspergillosis, particularly in individuals with pre-existing lung disease. 4. Aspergillus niger: This species can cause invasive aspergillosis, particularly in individuals with pre-existing lung disease. Symptoms of aspergillosis can vary depending on the affected area of the body. Common symptoms include fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. In severe cases, aspergillosis can cause life-threatening complications, such as pneumonia, meningitis, and brain abscesses. Diagnosis of aspergillosis typically involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, such as cultures and serological tests. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, such as voriconazole or amphotericin B, and may also involve surgery in severe cases.

Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA) is a serious and potentially life-threatening fungal infection that affects the lungs. It is caused by the Aspergillus fungus, which is commonly found in the environment, such as in soil, decaying vegetation, and indoor dust. IPA occurs when the Aspergillus fungus enters the lungs and causes an infection. It can occur in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or organ transplantation, as well as in people who have undergone surgery or have chronic lung diseases. Symptoms of IPA may include fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, such as cultures of respiratory secretions or biopsy of lung tissue. Treatment for IPA typically involves antifungal medications, such as voriconazole or isavuconazole, which are used to kill the Aspergillus fungus. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing the risk of complications and death.

Aspergillosis, allergic bronchopulmonary, is a type of allergic reaction that occurs when the immune system overreacts to the spores of the Aspergillus fungus. This can cause inflammation and damage to the airways in the lungs, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. In severe cases, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis can cause life-threatening complications such as respiratory failure. It is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as chest X-rays or CT scans. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications and medications to manage symptoms.

Pulmonary Aspergillosis is a type of lung infection caused by the fungus Aspergillus. It is a common infection in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or organ transplantation. The infection can also occur in people with chronic lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary Aspergillosis can present with a variety of symptoms, including cough, fever, chest pain, shortness of breath, and. In severe cases, the infection can spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain, and can be life-threatening. Diagnosis of Pulmonary Aspergillosis typically involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies such as chest X-rays or CT scans, and laboratory tests to identify the fungus in sputum or other respiratory samples. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which may be given orally or intravenously, depending on the severity of the infection. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue.

Lung diseases caused by fungi are a group of respiratory infections that can affect people of all ages and can range from mild to severe. These infections are caused by fungi that are normally found in the environment, such as Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, and Pneumocystis jirovecii. Fungal lung diseases can be classified into several categories, including: 1. Pulmonary Aspergillosis: This is an infection caused by the fungus Aspergillus, which can cause inflammation and damage to the lungs. 2. Cryptococcosis: This is an infection caused by the fungus Cryptococcus, which can cause inflammation and damage to the lungs, as well as other organs. 3. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP): This is an infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii, which is commonly found in the lungs of healthy individuals. However, it can cause severe pneumonia in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS. 4. Other fungal lung diseases: There are several other fungal lung diseases, including histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and blastomycosis, which are caused by different types of fungi. Fungal lung diseases can be diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and cultures of respiratory secretions. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which may be taken orally or intravenously, depending on the severity of the infection. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue.

Neuroaspergillosis is a rare fungal infection of the central nervous system caused by the Aspergillus fungus. It typically affects people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or organ transplantation. The fungus can enter the brain through the bloodstream or by spreading from other parts of the body, such as the lungs or sinuses. Symptoms of neuroaspergillosis can include headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, confusion, seizures, and changes in mental status. In some cases, the infection can cause inflammation and damage to the brain, leading to permanent neurological damage or death. Diagnosis of neuroaspergillosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, and laboratory tests to detect the presence of the fungus in the body. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, such as amphotericin B or voriconazole, which are administered intravenously or orally. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or drain fluid from the brain.

Mannans are a type of polysaccharide, which are complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of sugar molecules. In the medical field, mannans are often used as a dietary supplement or as an ingredient in certain medications. Mannans are found in many foods, including fruits, vegetables, and grains, but they are also produced by certain types of fungi and bacteria. Some studies have suggested that mannans may have immune-boosting properties and may be beneficial for people with certain health conditions, such as allergies, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. In the medical field, mannans are sometimes used as an ingredient in dietary supplements or as an active ingredient in certain medications. For example, some dietary supplements contain mannan-chitosan complexes, which are believed to help reduce cholesterol levels and improve digestion. Mannans are also used in some medications to treat certain types of infections, such as fungal infections of the skin and nails. It's important to note that while mannans may have potential health benefits, more research is needed to fully understand their effects on the body. As with any dietary supplement or medication, it's important to talk to a healthcare provider before starting to take mannans or any other supplement or medication.

Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication that is used to treat a variety of fungal infections, including systemic candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and histoplasmosis. It is a polyene antifungal agent that works by disrupting the fungal cell membrane, leading to cell death. Amphotericin B is available in both intravenous and oral forms. The intravenous form is typically used for severe or life-threatening infections, while the oral form is used for less severe infections or as a maintenance therapy. Amphotericin B can cause serious side effects, including kidney damage, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and allergic reactions. It is therefore typically administered under close medical supervision, and the dosage and duration of treatment are carefully adjusted based on the patient's response and the severity of the infection.

Triazoles are a class of synthetic organic compounds that contain a three-membered ring of nitrogen atoms. They are widely used in the medical field as antifungal agents, particularly for the treatment of invasive fungal infections such as candidiasis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis. The most commonly used triazole antifungal agents are fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole. These drugs work by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a vital component of fungal cell membranes, which leads to the disruption of the membrane's integrity and ultimately the death of the fungal cell. Triazoles are also used in other medical applications, such as in the treatment of certain types of cancer, as well as in the development of new drugs for the treatment of other diseases.

Echinocandins are a class of antifungal drugs that are used to treat invasive fungal infections caused by Candida and Aspergillus species. They work by inhibiting the synthesis of β-1,3-glucan, a major component of the fungal cell wall, which leads to cell death. Echinocandins are administered intravenously and are generally well-tolerated, with side effects including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. They are often used as a first-line treatment for invasive candidiasis and as salvage therapy for patients who have failed to respond to other antifungal agents.

Itraconazole is an antifungal medication that is used to treat a variety of fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and onychomycosis. It is available in both oral and intravenous forms and works by inhibiting the growth of fungi. Itraconazole is also used to treat certain types of invasive fungal infections in patients with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or cancer. It is important to note that Itraconazole can interact with other medications and may cause side effects, so it should only be taken under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Opportunistic infections (OIs) are infections that occur when a person's immune system is weakened or compromised, making them more susceptible to infections caused by normally harmless microorganisms. These infections can occur in people with weakened immune systems due to a variety of factors, including HIV/AIDS, cancer, organ transplantation, and certain medications. Opportunistic infections can affect any part of the body and can range from mild to life-threatening. Some common examples of opportunistic infections include pneumonia caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and candidiasis caused by the yeast Candida albicans. The treatment of opportunistic infections depends on the specific infection and the underlying cause of the weakened immune system. In many cases, antifungal, antiviral, or antibiotic medications are used to treat the infection. In some cases, the underlying cause of the weakened immune system may need to be addressed in order to prevent further infections.

Antibodies, fungal, are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of fungal antigens. These antigens are molecules found on the surface of fungi that can trigger an immune response. When the immune system encounters fungal antigens, it produces antibodies that can recognize and bind to these antigens. This binding can help to neutralize the fungi and prevent them from causing harm to the body. Antibodies, fungal, can be detected in the blood or other bodily fluids of individuals who have been exposed to fungi or who have an active fungal infection. They are an important part of the immune response to fungal infections and can be used as a diagnostic tool to help identify and monitor fungal infections.

Paranasal sinus diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the paranasal sinuses, which are air-filled cavities located within the skull. These sinuses are lined with a mucous membrane that helps to filter, warm, and humidify the air that we breathe. When the paranasal sinuses become inflamed or infected, they can cause a range of symptoms, including facial pain, congestion, runny nose, and sinus pressure. There are several types of paranasal sinus diseases, including: 1. Sinusitis: This is the most common type of paranasal sinus disease, and it occurs when the sinuses become inflamed or infected. Sinusitis can be acute (lasting less than four weeks) or chronic (lasting more than 12 weeks). 2. Sinus Polyps: These are benign growths that develop on the lining of the sinuses. Sinus polyps can cause blockages in the sinuses, leading to symptoms such as congestion, facial pain, and difficulty breathing. 3. Aspergillosis: This is an infection caused by the fungus Aspergillus. It can cause inflammation and damage to the sinuses, leading to symptoms such as facial pain, headache, and fever. 4. Rhinosinusitis: This is a chronic inflammation of the nasal passages and sinuses. It can cause symptoms such as congestion, runny nose, and facial pain. 5. Nasal Polyps: These are benign growths that develop in the nasal passages. They can cause blockages and lead to symptoms such as congestion, runny nose, and difficulty breathing. Treatment for paranasal sinus diseases depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. It may include medications such as antibiotics, decongestants, and corticosteroids, as well as procedures such as nasal irrigation, sinus surgery, or allergy shots.

Central Nervous System (CNS) fungal infections refer to infections caused by fungi that affect the brain and spinal cord. These infections can be either primary or secondary, with primary infections occurring when fungi enter the CNS directly, and secondary infections occurring when fungi spread to the CNS from another part of the body. CNS fungal infections can be caused by a variety of fungi, including Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus spp., Candida spp., and Histoplasma capsulatum. These infections can present with a range of symptoms, including headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, confusion, seizures, and altered mental status. Diagnosis of CNS fungal infections typically involves a combination of clinical examination, laboratory testing, and imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which may be administered orally or intravenously, depending on the severity of the infection and the specific fungus involved. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or relieve pressure on the brain.

Lipopeptides are a class of biomolecules that consist of a peptide chain covalently attached to a lipid moiety. They are amphipathic, meaning they have both hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) regions, which allows them to interact with both polar and nonpolar molecules. In the medical field, lipopeptides have been studied for their potential therapeutic applications. For example, some lipopeptides have been shown to have antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, making them potential candidates for the development of new antibiotics. Other lipopeptides have been found to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, which could make them useful for the treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Lipopeptides have also been used as adjuvants in vaccines, as they can enhance the immune response to the vaccine antigens. Additionally, lipopeptides have been studied as potential drug delivery agents, as their amphipathic nature allows them to penetrate cell membranes and deliver their cargo directly to the target cells.

Beta-glucans are a type of polysaccharide (a complex carbohydrate) that are found in the cell walls of fungi, yeast, and some types of bacteria. They are also found in certain grains, such as oats and barley, and in some dietary supplements. In the medical field, beta-glucans have been studied for their potential health benefits. Some research suggests that they may have immune-boosting properties and may help to reduce inflammation in the body. They may also have a role in reducing the risk of certain diseases, such as heart disease and cancer. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential health benefits of beta-glucans and to determine the appropriate dosage and duration of use. It is important to speak with a healthcare provider before taking any dietary supplements, including beta-glucans.

Pyrimidines are a class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds that are important in the field of medicine. They are composed of six carbon atoms arranged in a planar ring, with four nitrogen atoms and two carbon atoms in the ring. Pyrimidines are found in many biological molecules, including nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and are involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as DNA replication and repair, gene expression, and metabolism. In the medical field, pyrimidines are often used as drugs to treat a variety of conditions, including cancer, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. For example, the drug 5-fluorouracil is a pyrimidine analog that is used to treat a variety of cancers, including colon cancer and breast cancer. Pyrimidines are also used as components of antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, which is used to treat herpes simplex virus infections.

Dermatomycoses are a group of fungal infections that affect the skin and nails. These infections are caused by dermatophytes, which are a type of fungus that thrives in warm, moist environments, such as the skin, nails, and hair. Dermatomycoses can be classified into three main types: superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic. Superficial dermatomycoses affect only the outer layers of the skin and nails, and are usually mild and self-limiting. Examples of superficial dermatomycoses include athlete's foot, ringworm, and jock itch. Subcutaneous dermatomycoses involve deeper layers of the skin and can cause more serious symptoms, such as swelling, redness, and pain. Examples of subcutaneous dermatomycoses include sporotrichosis and chromoblastomycosis. Systemic dermatomycoses are rare and can affect multiple organs, including the lungs, brain, and heart. These infections are more difficult to treat and can be life-threatening if left untreated. Examples of systemic dermatomycoses include histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis. Treatment for dermatomycoses typically involves the use of antifungal medications, such as creams, ointments, or oral tablets. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for intravenous antifungal therapy. Prevention of dermatomycoses involves maintaining good hygiene, avoiding contact with infected individuals or animals, and wearing protective clothing in high-risk environments.

Neutropenia is a medical condition characterized by a low number of neutrophils, which are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the body's immune system. Neutrophils are responsible for fighting off infections and are a key component of the body's defense against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Neutropenia is typically defined as a neutrophil count of less than 1,500 cells per microliter (µL) of blood. However, the normal range of neutrophil counts can vary depending on the laboratory and the individual's age and sex. Neutropenia can be caused by a variety of factors, including certain medications, infections, autoimmune disorders, and cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It can also be a symptom of other medical conditions, such as bone marrow disorders, genetic disorders, and nutritional deficiencies. Neutropenia can increase the risk of infections, as the body has fewer neutrophils to fight off pathogens. Symptoms of neutropenia may include fever, chills, fatigue, and sore throat. Treatment for neutropenia depends on the underlying cause and may include medications to stimulate the production of neutrophils, antibiotics to treat infections, or changes to the individual's medications or treatment plan.

In the medical field, peptides are short chains of amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds. Cyclic peptides are a type of peptide in which the amino acids are linked in a ring-like structure, rather than in a linear chain. These cyclic peptides can have a variety of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects. They are being studied for their potential use in the development of new drugs and therapies.

Mycoses are a group of infections caused by fungi. They can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, hair, nails, respiratory system, and internal organs. Mycoses can be classified into superficial mycoses, which affect the skin and nails, and systemic mycoses, which can spread throughout the body and cause serious health problems. Superficial mycoses are usually mild and can be treated with antifungal creams, ointments, or powders. Examples of superficial mycoses include athlete's foot, ringworm, and jock itch. Systemic mycoses, on the other hand, are more severe and require stronger antifungal medications. Examples of systemic mycoses include candidiasis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis. Mycoses can be caused by different types of fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds. They can be acquired through contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, inhaling fungal spores, or through weakened immune systems.

DNA, Fungal refers to the genetic material of fungi, which is a type of eukaryotic microorganism that includes yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. Fungal DNA is composed of four types of nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G), which are arranged in a specific sequence to form the genetic code that determines the characteristics and functions of the fungus. In the medical field, fungal DNA is often studied in the context of infections caused by fungi, such as candidiasis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis. Fungal DNA can be detected in clinical samples, such as blood, sputum, or tissue, using molecular diagnostic techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or DNA sequencing. These tests can help diagnose fungal infections and guide treatment decisions. Additionally, fungal DNA can be used in research to study the evolution and diversity of fungi, as well as their interactions with other organisms and the environment.

Gliotoxin is a mycotoxin produced by certain species of fungi, including Aspergillus fumigatus. It is a toxic compound that can cause damage to various organs in the body, including the lungs, liver, and kidneys. In the medical field, gliotoxin is primarily associated with its role in the pathogenesis of invasive aspergillosis, a serious fungal infection that can occur in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or organ transplantation. Gliotoxin has been shown to play a role in the ability of A. fumigatus to evade the host immune response and establish infection. Gliotoxin has also been studied for its potential therapeutic applications. Some research has suggested that gliotoxin may have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, and it has been investigated as a potential treatment for various conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cancer. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of gliotoxin therapy.

Fungal polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates that are produced by fungi. They are composed of long chains of sugar molecules and are found in the cell walls of fungi, as well as in various extracellular matrices. Fungal polysaccharides have a variety of biological activities and are being studied for their potential therapeutic applications in the medical field. Some examples of fungal polysaccharides include chitin, glucans, and mannans. These molecules have been shown to have immune-stimulating properties, and are being investigated for their potential use in the treatment of infections, cancer, and other diseases.

Hematologic neoplasms are a group of disorders that affect the blood and bone marrow, including the production of blood cells. These disorders are characterized by the abnormal growth and proliferation of blood cells, which can lead to an overproduction of certain types of blood cells (such as leukemias) or a deficiency of certain types of blood cells (such as anemia). Hematologic neoplasms can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can affect people of all ages. Some common types of hematologic neoplasms include leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndromes. Treatment for hematologic neoplasms typically involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or stem cell transplantation.

Mucormycosis is a rare but serious fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes. These molds are commonly found in soil, decaying plants, and organic matter. Mucormycosis can affect various parts of the body, including the sinuses, lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. The infection is usually acquired through inhalation of fungal spores, but it can also occur through skin contact or ingestion of contaminated food or water. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with diabetes, cancer, or HIV, are at higher risk of developing mucormycosis. Symptoms of mucormycosis can vary depending on the affected area of the body. Common symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, headache, and facial pain or swelling. In severe cases, the infection can spread to the brain, leading to neurological symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and coma. Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, surgery to remove infected tissue, and supportive care to manage symptoms and complications.

Azoles are a class of synthetic organic compounds that contain a five-membered heterocyclic ring with one or two nitrogen atoms. In the medical field, azoles are commonly used as antifungal agents to treat a variety of fungal infections, including dermatophytosis, candidiasis, and aspergillosis. There are several different types of azoles, including fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole, each with its own specific mechanism of action and indications for use. Azoles work by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a vital component of fungal cell membranes, which leads to cell death and the resolution of the infection. Azoles are generally well-tolerated and have a low risk of side effects, although some patients may experience gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. In addition, azoles can interact with other medications, including some antibiotics and immunosuppressants, so it is important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking before starting treatment with an azole.

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by the Candida species of yeast. It can affect various parts of the body, including the mouth, throat, esophagus, genitals, and skin. In the mouth and throat, candidiasis is commonly known as thrush and can cause white patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, and roof of the mouth. In the esophagus, it can cause a burning sensation during swallowing and difficulty swallowing. In the genitals, it can cause itching, burning, and white discharge. Candidiasis can be treated with antifungal medications, which are available in various forms such as creams, ointments, tablets, and suppositories. The choice of treatment depends on the location and severity of the infection. In some cases, candidiasis can recur, and long-term treatment may be necessary.

Tracheitis is an inflammation of the trachea, which is the tube that carries air from the larynx (voice box) to the lungs. It can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, and it can also be a complication of other respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Symptoms of tracheitis may include a hoarse voice, difficulty breathing, coughing, and throat pain. Treatment typically involves managing the underlying cause of the inflammation and providing symptom relief with medications such as antibiotics or corticosteroids. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.

A brain abscess is a collection of pus that forms in the brain or spinal cord. It is a serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Brain abscesses can be caused by bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections, as well as by injury or inflammation. Symptoms of a brain abscess may include headache, fever, nausea and vomiting, seizures, confusion, and changes in consciousness. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to treat the underlying infection, as well as surgery to drain the abscess and remove any infected tissue.,,。

Mycetoma is a chronic infectious disease caused by fungi or bacteria that produce grains or nodules in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The disease is also known as Madura foot, chromoblastomycosis, or sporotrichosis. Mycetoma typically presents as a painful swelling or mass in the affected area, which may be accompanied by fever, fatigue, and other systemic symptoms. The disease is most common in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Africa, Asia, and South America. Treatment typically involves a combination of surgical removal of the infected tissue, antibiotics or antifungal medications, and supportive care.,mycetoma,。

Cortisone is a synthetic form of the hormone cortisol, which is produced by the adrenal glands. It is a corticosteroid medication that is used to treat a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and psoriasis. Cortisone can also be used to treat allergies, asthma, and other respiratory conditions, as well as to reduce swelling and inflammation in the body. It is available in various forms, including tablets, injections, and creams. Cortisone is a potent medication and should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Zygomycosis is a type of fungal infection caused by Zygomycetes, a group of fungi that includes species such as Mucor, Rhizopus, and Absidia. These fungi are commonly found in soil, decaying vegetation, and the gastrointestinal tracts of animals. Zygomycosis can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, respiratory system, and central nervous system. The most common form of zygomycosis is mucormycosis, which affects the sinuses and upper respiratory tract. Other forms of zygomycosis include rhinocerebral zygomycosis, which affects the sinuses and brain, and disseminated zygomycosis, which affects multiple organs. Symptoms of zygomycosis can vary depending on the affected area of the body. Common symptoms include fever, headache, cough, nasal congestion, and facial swelling. In severe cases, zygomycosis can be life-threatening and may require aggressive medical treatment, including surgery and antifungal medications. Zygomycosis is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory testing, including cultures and histopathology. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which may be administered orally or intravenously, depending on the severity of the infection. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue.

Deoxycholic acid is a bile acid that is produced in the liver and secreted into the small intestine. It plays a role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. Deoxycholic acid is also used in medical treatments, such as in the treatment of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It is also used in cosmetic procedures to improve the appearance of the skin.

Meningitis, fungal refers to an infection of the meninges, the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord, caused by fungi. Fungal meningitis is a rare but serious condition that can lead to inflammation, swelling, and damage to the brain and spinal cord. Fungal meningitis can be caused by a variety of fungi, including Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, and Candida. Cryptococcal meningitis is the most common form of fungal meningitis and is often associated with HIV/AIDS. Symptoms of fungal meningitis can include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, and confusion. In severe cases, fungal meningitis can lead to seizures, coma, and death. Diagnosis of fungal meningitis typically involves a lumbar puncture to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which may be administered intravenously or orally. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or drain excess fluid from the brain or spinal cord. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a favorable outcome.

Fungemia is a medical condition in which fungi (yeasts or molds) are present in the bloodstream. It is also known as systemic mycosis or fungemia. Fungemia can be caused by various types of fungi, including Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, and others. Fungemia can be either invasive or non-invasive. Invasive fungemia occurs when the fungi enter the bloodstream and cause infection in other organs, such as the liver, spleen, or brain. Non-invasive fungemia occurs when the fungi are present in the bloodstream but do not cause infection in other organs. Fungemia can be diagnosed through blood cultures, which involve taking a sample of blood and incubating it in a special medium to see if any fungi grow. Other diagnostic tests may include imaging studies, such as CT scans or MRIs, and serological tests, which detect antibodies to specific fungi. Fungemia is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which may be administered intravenously or orally, depending on the severity of the infection and the type of fungi involved. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or drain abscesses.

Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia is a medical condition that occurs when a person receiving chemotherapy treatment experiences a high fever (usually above 38.3°C or 101°F) along with a low white blood cell count (neutropenia). This condition is considered a serious complication of chemotherapy because it can lead to infections that can be difficult to treat and may even be life-threatening. Febrile neutropenia is caused by a drop in the number of white blood cells, which are an important part of the body's immune system. Chemotherapy drugs can damage or destroy white blood cells, leaving the body more vulnerable to infections. When the white blood cell count drops below a certain level, the body may not be able to fight off infections effectively, leading to fever and other symptoms. Treatment for chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia typically involves antibiotics to treat the infection and medications to boost the immune system. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary. It is important for people receiving chemotherapy to be closely monitored for signs of febrile neutropenia and to seek medical attention immediately if they develop a fever or other symptoms.

Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease characterized by the abnormal widening and dilatation of the bronchi, which are the airways that carry air from the trachea to the lungs. This abnormal widening can lead to the accumulation of mucus and other secretions in the bronchi, which can cause inflammation, infection, and damage to the lung tissue. Bronchiectasis can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, and bronchopneumonia, as well as genetic disorders, environmental factors, and immune system disorders. Symptoms of bronchiectasis may include chronic cough, coughing up mucus, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest pain, and fever. Treatment for bronchiectasis typically involves a combination of medications to manage symptoms and prevent infections, as well as lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and avoiding exposure to irritants. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged lung tissue or to improve airflow in the affected bronchi.

Granulomatous disease is a type of chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the formation of granulomas, which are collections of immune cells, including macrophages, lymphocytes, and giant cells, that form around foreign substances or damaged tissue. Chronic granulomatous disease refers specifically to a group of rare genetic disorders that affect the immune system's ability to fight off certain types of bacteria and fungi. These disorders are caused by mutations in genes that are involved in the production of enzymes that are necessary for the proper functioning of phagocytes, which are immune cells that engulf and destroy foreign substances. Chronic granulomatous disease can manifest in a variety of ways, depending on the specific gene mutation involved. Some common symptoms include recurrent infections, particularly with certain types of bacteria and fungi, as well as skin rashes, fever, and fatigue. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and other medications to manage symptoms and prevent infections. In some cases, bone marrow transplantation may be necessary to replace damaged immune cells.

Brain diseases refer to a wide range of medical conditions that affect the structure, function, or chemistry of the brain. These diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, infections, injuries, toxins, and degenerative processes. Some common examples of brain diseases include: 1. Alzheimer's disease: A progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. 2. Parkinson's disease: A movement disorder caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. 3. Multiple sclerosis: An autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, causing inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibers. 4. Huntington's disease: A genetic disorder that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain, leading to movement, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. 5. Epilepsy: A neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, which can be caused by a variety of factors, including brain injury, genetic mutations, and brain tumors. 6. Stroke: A medical emergency caused by a disruption of blood flow to the brain, which can result in brain damage or death. 7. Brain tumors: Benign or malignant growths of abnormal cells in the brain that can cause a range of symptoms, depending on their location and size. These are just a few examples of the many different types of brain diseases that can affect people. Treatment options for brain diseases depend on the specific condition and its severity, and may include medications, surgery, physical therapy, and other interventions.

Spondylitis is a medical condition that refers to inflammation of the spinal column, specifically the vertebrae and the surrounding tissues. It can affect any part of the spine, from the neck to the lower back, and can be caused by a variety of factors, including infection, autoimmune disorders, and degenerative conditions. The most common form of spondylitis is ankylosing spondylitis, which is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. Other forms of spondylitis include reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and enteropathic arthritis. Symptoms of spondylitis can include back pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion, particularly in the morning or after prolonged periods of inactivity. In severe cases, spondylitis can lead to spinal deformities and loss of mobility. Treatment for spondylitis typically involves a combination of medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes, such as exercise and maintaining a healthy weight. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct spinal deformities or relieve nerve compression.

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody that plays a key role in the immune system's response to allergens and parasites. It is produced by B cells in response to specific antigens, such as those found in pollen, dust mites, or certain foods. When an allergen enters the body, it triggers the production of IgE antibodies by B cells. These antibodies then bind to mast cells and basophils, which are immune cells that are involved in the inflammatory response. When the same allergen enters the body again, the IgE antibodies on the mast cells and basophils bind to the allergen and cause the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals. This leads to symptoms such as itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing. IgE is also involved in the immune response to parasites, such as worms. In this case, the IgE antibodies help to trap and kill the parasites by binding to them and marking them for destruction by other immune cells. Overall, IgE is an important part of the immune system's defense against allergens and parasites, but it can also contribute to allergic reactions and other inflammatory conditions when it binds to inappropriate antigens.

In the medical field, "Disease Models, Animal" refers to the use of animals to study and understand human diseases. These models are created by introducing a disease or condition into an animal, either naturally or through experimental manipulation, in order to study its progression, symptoms, and potential treatments. Animal models are used in medical research because they allow scientists to study diseases in a controlled environment and to test potential treatments before they are tested in humans. They can also provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of a disease and help to identify new therapeutic targets. There are many different types of animal models used in medical research, including mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys. Each type of animal has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of model depends on the specific disease being studied and the research question being addressed.

... , MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website National Aspergillosis Centre, ... Aspergillosis occurs in chronic or acute forms which are clinically very distinct. Most cases of acute aspergillosis occur in ... Aspergillosis is thought to affect more than 14 million people worldwide, with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA, > ... Most commonly, aspergillosis occurs in the form of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), aspergilloma, or allergic ...
... is a rare skin condition most often occurring at the site of intravenous cannulas in ... immunosuppressed patients.: 330 Aspergillosis James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the ...
If chronic pulmonary aspergillosis has progressed to subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, there must be a degree of ... When chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis is left untreated, it can progress to a form of aspergillosis known as chronic ... Also known as subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, this form of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis leads to progressive ... The fibrosing form-chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis-has similar criteria to chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis ...
"Aspergillosis Statistics - Aspergillosis - Types of Fungal Diseases - Fungal Diseases". CDC. December 5, 2019. Retrieved ... "Global burden of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with asthma and its complication chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in ... Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a condition characterised by an exaggerated response of the immune system (a ... IgG may not be entirely specific for ABPA, as high levels are also found in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) alongside ...
"Definition of Aspergillosis , Aspergillosis , Types of Fungal Diseases , Fungal Diseases , CDC". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2017-05 ... Aspergillus flavus itself also exerts pathogenic effects through aspergillosis, or infection with the mold. This infection ...
Aspergillosis of the air passages is also frequently reported in birds, and certain species of Aspergillus have been known to ... "Aspergillosis". MedScape. Archived from the original on 2014-02-23. Retrieved 2014-06-29. Wilson WR, Sande MA, Drew WL, eds. ( ... "Aspergillosis , Types of Fungal Diseases , Fungal Diseases , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2022-09-02. Asan A. ( ... In humans, the major forms of disease are: Acute invasive aspergillosis, a form that grows into surrounding tissue, more common ...
Types of aspergillosis include allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), allergic aspergillus sinusitis, azole-resistant ... Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by spores of indoor and outdoor Aspergillus mold species. Due to the ubiquitous ... Aspergillosis is particularly frequent among horticultural workers who often inhale peat dust, which can be rich in Aspergillus ... Aspergillosis information, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services A. niger ATCC ...
... aspergillosis Disseminated aspergillosis Though all four disease outcomes can impose a great health risk to humans; invasive ... In fact, invasive aspergillosis has been named as the leading cause of death in leukemia and stem cell transplantation patients ... "Aspergillosis". Retrieved 10 November 2013. Louis, B; Roy P.; Sayanika D.; Talukdar N (2013). "Aspergillus terreus Thom a new ... Some successful animal models include the mouse and rabbit where A. terreus has formed pulmonary aspergillosis. These studies ...
Segal BH (April 2009). "Aspergillosis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 360 (18): 1870-84. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0808853. PMID ... Neutrophils are essential for aspergillosis resistance, as demonstrated in neutropenic individuals, and are capable of ... Dagenais TR, Keller NP (July 2009). "Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus in Invasive Aspergillosis". Clinical Microbiology ... Panackal AA, Bennett JE, Williamson PR (September 2014). "Treatment options in Invasive Aspergillosis". Current Treatment ...
If the invasive aspergillosis is kept untreated, the disease can spread from the lungs to any of the organs in the body. ... Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is difficult due to the non-specific clinical measures and symptoms. Some symptoms include ... Invasive aspergillosis may be caused by A. candidus in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, with high ... It is an uncommon agent of onychomycosis and aspergillosis. The species epithet candidus (L.) refers to the white pigmentation ...
"Aspergillosis. DermNet NZ". www.dermnetnz.org. Retrieved 16 November 2015. Dodge, C.W. (1935). Medical mycology. Fungous ...
"Pulmonary aspergillosis". Mediconotebook. Retrieved 29 May 2015. Air crescent sign on CXR Air crescent sign on CT v t e ( ... Classically, it is due to an aspergilloma, a form of aspergillosis, that occurs when the fungus Aspergillus grows in a cavity ... Curtis AM, Smith GJ, Ravin CE (October 1979). "Air crescent sign of invasive aspergillosis". Radiology. 133 (1): 17-21. doi: ...
In 2009 he became the director of the UK's National Aspergillosis Centre in Manchester, which treats people with CPA. He is the ... He became the director of the UK's National Aspergillosis Centre in Manchester, which treats people with chronic pulmonary ... Denning, David W. (1998). "Invasive Aspergillosis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 26 (4): 781-803. doi:10.1086/513943. ISSN ... "Voriconazole versus Amphotericin B for Primary Therapy of Invasive Aspergillosis". New England Journal of Medicine. 347 (6): ...
It was shown to be useful for acute sinopulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus flavus. Birch, Michael (19 September 2015 ... April 2018). "Pharmacodynamics of the Novel Antifungal Agent F901318 for Acute Sinopulmonary Aspergillosis Caused by ... and for invasive aspergillosis on 14 October 2016. As of May 2017, F901318 is in late phase 1 clinical trials. ... Aspergillosis Website. Retrieved 9 October 2017. Oliver, Jason D.; Sibley, Graham E. M.; Beckmann, Nicola; Dobb, Katharine S.; ...
"Professor Malcolm Richardson PhD, FSB, FRCPath, FISSE". Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website. Retrieved 7 June 2018. "MALCOLM ...
"A. aureofulgens , Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website". www.aspergillus.org.uk. Hubka, Vit; Nováková, Alena; Kolarik, Miroslav ...
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an inflammatory disease caused by hypersensitivity to the fungus Aspergillus ... "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice. 2 (6): 703-8. doi: ... "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: review of literature and proposal of new diagnostic and classification criteria". ...
"Aspergillus persii , Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website". www.aspergillus.org.uk. Lamoth, Frederic; Steinbach, William J. ( ... "Aspergillus persii , Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website". www.aspergillus.org.uk. " ...
"A. cejpii , Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website". www.aspergillus.org.uk. Varga, J.; Due, M.; Frisvad, J.C.; Samson, R.A. (2007 ...
Aspergillus and aspergillosis. New York: Plenum Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-306-42828-9. {{cite book}}: ,first= has generic name ( ...
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Aspergillus acidus is a heterothallic species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus which can cause aspergillosis in humans, dogs ... nov., an Emerging Agent of Invasive Aspergillosis in Humans, Cats, and Dogs". PLOS ONE. 8 (6): e64871. Bibcode:2013PLoSO... ... "A new fungal species causing invasive aspergillosis in cats and humans , Australian Veterinary Association". www.ava.com.au. ... "Aspergillus felis: new fungus found in Australia, causes infections in humans, cats , Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website". www ...
"A. brunneoviolaceus , Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website". www.aspergillus.org.uk. "Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus". www.uniprot ...
"A. biplanus , Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website". www.aspergillus.org.uk. "Aspergillus biplanus". www.uniprot.org. Varga, J ...
"A. dybowskii , Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website". www.aspergillus.org.uk. Contributions Toward a Mycobiota of Indonesia: ...
"Aspergillus bronchitis , Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website". www.aspergillus.org.uk. Kosmidis, Chris; Denning, David W. (1 ... Aspergillus bronchitis is one of the Aspergillosis spectrum of diseases, in which the bronchi are specifically subject to a ... This differs from the other pulmonary aspergillosis conditions, in that it need not affect just the immunocompromised. " ... March 2015). "The clinical spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis". Thorax. 70 (3): 270-277. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206291. ...
Infection caused by Aspergillus fungus is called aspergillosis. There are many types of aspergillosis, but infections typically ... This species of fungi is the most common cause of aspergillosis in humans. Gliotoxin is also the only toxin that has been ... The Aspergillosis Website . (n.d.). Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website. Retrieved May 08, 2017, from http://www.aspergillus. ... org.uk/content/aspergillosis-2 Dagenais, T. R. T.; Keller, N. P. (2009). "Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus in Invasive ...
"A. oerlinghausenensis , Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website". www.aspergillus.org.uk. Samson, R.A.; Hong, S.; Peterson, S.W.; ...
Aspergillosis Seifert, Keith A.; Samson, Robert A.; Chapela, Ignacio H. (1995). "Escovopsis aspergilloides, a Rediscovered ...
Davis, W. A.; McClung, L. S. (1940). "Aspergillosis in Wild Herring Gulls". Journal of Bacteriology. 40 (2): 321-323. doi: ...
Aspergillosis is an infection caused by Aspergillus, a common mold (a type of fungus) that lives indoors and outdoors. Most ...
... and treatment of aspergillosis, a disease caused by a fungus. ... Aspergillosis (American Thoracic Society) - PDF Also in Spanish ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Aspergillosis (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Aspergillosis, Allergic ... There are different kinds of aspergillosis. One kind is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (also called ABPA). Symptoms of ... Aspergillosis precipitin (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish * Pulmonary aspergilloma (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish ...
Noninvasive aspergillosis is usually seen in immunocompetent individuals, whereas invasive aspergillosis is seen in ... encoded search term (Pediatric Aspergillosis) and Pediatric Aspergillosis What to Read Next on Medscape ... In contrast, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), aspergilloma, and invasive aspergillosis syndrome involve mycelial ... Aspergillosis in children with cancer: A 34-year experience. Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Nov. 29(5):1210-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
The species Aspergillus fumigatus is responsible for more than 80% of human cases of aspergillosis. ... Aspergillosis is a term that refers to any infection caused by fungus (mold) belonging to the genus Aspergillus, whose spores ... HomeMedical CenterDisease sheetsAspergillosis. Aspergillosis. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus in scanning electron ... Invasive aspergillosis. This is the third leading cause of invasive fungal infection in France. Mainly caused by the species ...
Aspergillosis associated with severe influenza virus infection (influenza-associated aspergillosis, IAA) was reported in 1951, ... The syndromes of pulmonary aspergillosis complicating severe viral infections are distinct from classic invasive aspergillosis ... Zou P, Wang C, Zheng S, Guo F, Yang L, Zhang Y, et al. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in adults with avian influenza A (H7N9 ... van de Groep K, Verboom DM, van de Veerdonk FL, Haas PA, van der Poll T, Schultz MJ, et al. Detection of invasive aspergillosis ...
Vinh DC, Shea YR, Sugui JA, Parrilla-Castellar ER, Freeman AF, Campbell JW, Invasive aspergillosis due to Neosartorya udagawae. ... Walsh TJ, Anaissie EJ, Denning DW, Herbrecht R, Kontoyiannis DP, Marr KA, Treatment of aspergillosis: clinical practice ... Changes in causes of death over time after treatment for invasive aspergillosis. Cancer. 2008;112:2309-12. DOIPubMedGoogle ... Chronic Invasive Aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus viridinutans. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2009;15(8):1292-1294. doi: ...
Among these infections is invasive aspergillosis, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the severely ... Current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Apr 1;173(7):707-17. ... Invasive aspergillosis most commonly involves the sinopulmonary tract reflecting inhalation as the principal portal of entry. ... Among these infections is invasive aspergillosis, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the severely ...
Obstructive bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is an uncommon manifestation of non-invasive aspergillosis seen in patients with ... chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) *chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA). *chronic necrotizing pulmonary ... Obstructive bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Last revised by Jeremy Jones ◉ on 20 Sep 2021 ... Obstructive bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 26 Sep 2023) https://doi.org/ ...
Aspergillosis - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version. ... Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is an ... Symptoms of Aspergillosis Pulmonary aspergillosis A fungus ball in the lungs may cause no symptoms and may be discovered only ... Pulmonary aspergillosis: Aspergillosis usually develops in open spaces in the body, such as cavities in the lungs caused by ...
Invasive Aspergillosis as an Under-recognized Superinfection in COVID-19. Open Forum Infect. Dis., 7 (7). CARY: OXFORD UNIV ...
The main objective here is to define the prevalence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) ... Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in COVID-19 critically ill patients: Results of a French monocentric cohort.. Feb 22, 2021 ... The main objective here is to define the prevalence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in a cohort of COVID-19 patients ...
FLORENZANO, Stéfano et al. Endodontic material diffusion in the pathogenesis of maxillary sinus aspergillosis. Stomatos [online ... which may represent a risk factor for maxillary sinus aspergillosis (MSA). Diverse clinical presentations of aspergillosis have ... Keywords : Aspergillosis; Endodontic Treatment; Material Diffusion; Maxillary Sinus. · abstract in Portuguese · text in English ... Histopathological features were compatible with aspergillosis. Treatment consisted of surgery and adjunctive anti-fungal ...
Search by Diagnosis: "Aspergillosis". Show Diagnoses. Week 296: Case 6. Diagnosis: Aspergillosis Week 168: Case 2. Diagnosis: ...
Surgery in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis offered good outcomes with an acceptable morbidity in a difficult ... Retrospective study of patients who underwent surgery for pulmonary aspergillosis between September 1996 and September 2011. ... Surgery for pulmonary aspergillosis is infrequent and often challenging. Risk assessment is imprecise and new antifungals may ... Results of surgery for chronic pulmonary Aspergillosis, optimal antifungal therapy and proposed high risk factors for ...
Educational Resources for Optimizing Recognition and Management
Disseminated aspergillosis in a patient with ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. T. M. Bosley, K. J. Kaufman, R. Folberg, R. C. ... Disseminated aspergillosis in a patient with ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. / Bosley, T. M.; Kaufman, K. J.; Folberg, R. et al ... Disseminated aspergillosis in a patient with ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. In: British Journal of Ophthalmology. 1987 ; Vol. ... Disseminated aspergillosis in a patient with ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 1987;71(7):526- ...
in patients who have laboratory-confirmed aspergillosis (467). Nosocomial aspergillosis has been recognized increasingly as a ... spore counts in such hospitals and have been associated with nosocomial aspergillosis (476,478,479,519-522). Aspergillosis in ... ASPERGILLOSIS * Epidemiology Aspergillus sp. are ubiquitous fungi that commonly occur in soil, water, and decaying vegetation. ... Outbreaks of invasive aspergillosis reinforce the importance of maintaining an environment as free as possible of Aspergillus ...
Fungal diseases; Fungi; Respiratory diseases; Allergic reactions; Aspergillosis; Aspergillus infection; Immune reaction ... the development of targeted therapies to reduce fungal-driven allergic diseases such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ...
CDC - Blogs - NIOSH Science Blog - Workplace Medical Mystery: Influenza-like Illness Sickens Golf Course Worker -
Dive into the research topics of Kinetics of cytokine expression in mice with invasive aspergillosis: Lethal infection and ... Kinetics of cytokine expression in mice with invasive aspergillosis: Lethal infection and protection. ...
Categories: Aspergillosis Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 50 ...
Nutrition for Preventing Aspergillosis, Part 2. As we see the pieces of the puzzle fall into place for preventing aspergillosis ...
The expanding cohort of aspergillosis and mixed fungal infections in covid 19 pandemic: our experience. Author: Dr. Nilam U ... The development of Aspergillosis in Post Covid patients is a novel presentation of the fungus and with the advent of new data, ... Conclusion-Thus, Aspergillosis should also be a cause for suspicion especially in post Covid patients, as a reason for invasive ... However, with new data and going by the fungal culture reports, the incidence of mixed fungal infections and aspergillosis has ...
Treatment of invasive aspergillosis in cancer patients. J. Auberger, G. Russ, R. Greil, A. Egle ...
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: Immunoglobulin E level (IGE), Aspergillus fumagatus #1 (ASPF1), Aspergillus polyvalent ...
Invasive aspergillosis in patients with disease that is refractory to amphotericin B or itraconazole or in patients who are ...
Pancoasts syndrome associated with invasive aspergillosis. Thorax. 1986 Feb. 41(2):156-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
  • Recently, coronavirus disease-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has been detected through rapid reports, primarily from centers in Europe. (cdc.gov)
  • The syndromes of pulmonary aspergillosis complicating severe viral infections are distinct from classic invasive aspergillosis, which is recognized most frequently in persons with neutropenia and in other immunocompromised persons. (cdc.gov)
  • described fatal infection in a woman with cavitary invasive pulmonary aspergillosis noted on autopsy ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in COVID-19 critically ill patients: Results of a French monocentric cohort. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Similarly to influenza, several authors have described a higher risk of fungal infection after COVID-19, in particular for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • The main objective here is to define the prevalence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in a cohort of COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS). (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Results of surgery for chronic pulmonary Aspergillosis, optimal antifungal therapy and proposed high risk factors for recurrence--a National Centre's experience. (bvsalud.org)
  • Surgery for pulmonary aspergillosis is infrequent and often challenging. (bvsalud.org)
  • Retrospective study of patients who underwent surgery for pulmonary aspergillosis between September 1996 and September 2011. (bvsalud.org)
  • Twelve (40%) patients had simple aspergilloma (including 2 with Aspergillus nodules) while the remaining 18 (60%) had chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA) (complex aspergilloma). (bvsalud.org)
  • Proven or probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and candidemia emerged as the two most common infections with overall prevalence of 14.9% and 6.2% respectively. (eurekalert.org)
  • Finally, dexamethasone combined with anti-IL-6R, two key drugs for treating severe forms of COVID-19, significantly increase the risk of patients developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. (eurekalert.org)
  • Invasive Mold in Patients With COVID-19 COVID-19 is likely to increase the risk for pulmonary aspergillosis and mucormycosis, life-threatening infections caused by environmental molds. (medscape.com)
  • Occasional cases of sinus aspergillosis arise as a result of metastasis from pulmonary aspergillosis or iatrogenic factors following dental procedures such as extractions, endodontics, or implants in the maxilla. (medscape.com)
  • Aspergillosis is an infection caused by Aspergillus , a common mold (a type of fungus) that lives indoors and outdoors. (cdc.gov)
  • Aspergillosis is a disease caused by a fungus (or mold) called Aspergillus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Probable cases of invasive aspergillosis have been defined to include those with a clinically documented site of infection, and a culture from this site positive for Aspergillus species. (medscape.com)
  • Aspergillosis is a term that refers to any infection caused by fungus (mold) belonging to the genus Aspergillus , whose spores are present in the air and breathed in by people every day. (pasteur.fr)
  • The species Aspergillus fumigatus is responsible for more than 80% of human cases of aspergillosis. (pasteur.fr)
  • Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common cause of invasive aspergillosis afflicting various immunocompromised patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Aspergillosis is an infection, usually of the lungs, caused by the fungus Aspergillus . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Usually, aspergillosis is caused by inhaling Aspergillus spores. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Orofacial lesions caused by Aspergillus species include antral aspergilloma, invasive aspergillosis of the antrum, indolent chronic sinusitis, allergic sinusitis, and oral lesions. (medscape.com)
  • Interestingly, subclinical defects in cell-mediated immune responses to Aspergillus species have been observed in patients with sinus aspergillosis. (medscape.com)
  • Reacción de hipersensibilidad (REACCIÓN ALÉRGICA) al hongo ASPERGILLUS en individuos con ASMA BRONQUIAL de larga duración. (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), aspergilloma, and invasive aspergillosis syndrome involve mycelial growth in the body of the host. (medscape.com)
  • In the sinuses and lungs, aspergillosis typically develops as a ball (aspergilloma) composed of a tangled mass of fungus fibers, blood clots, and white blood cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Oral lesions of aspergillosis are seen predominantly in some immunocompromised patients with invasive aspergillosis. (medscape.com)
  • The mucocutaneous lesions of aspergillosis are nonspecific, forcing several differential diagnoses, and as in this case, the biopsy for histopathological and mycological study is required for diagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Aspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal infection that primarily affects immunocompromised patients with neutropenia, in whom invasive disease often results in fulminant course. (bvsalud.org)
  • One kind is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (also called ABPA). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Obstructive bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is an uncommon manifestation of non-invasive aspergillosis seen in patients with AIDS . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The novel findings in this paper will pave the way for a better understanding of the antiinflammatory driving mechanisms following TLR/MyD88 signaling in DCs to potentially lead to the development of targeted therapies to reduce fungal-driven allergic diseases such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and allergic airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • Possible invasive aspergillosis is defined as a clinically documented infection with undetermined microbiological etiology that did not respond to antibacterial therapy during persistent neutropenia. (medscape.com)
  • Risk factors for invasive aspergillosis include prolonged and severe neutropenia, hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation, advanced AIDS, and chronic granulomatous disease. (nih.gov)
  • La Aspergilosis es una infección micótica oportunista que afecta principalmente a pacientes inmunodeprimidos con neutropenia, en quienes produce a menudo enfermedad invasiva de curso fulminante. (bvsalud.org)
  • Comunicamos un caso de Aspergilosis en una mujer adulta con neutropenia severa por enfermedad hematológica, con afectación pulmonar y sinusal, que presenta múltiples lesiones ulceronecróticas en piel y mucosas, con evolución fatal. (bvsalud.org)
  • We report a case of aspergillosis in an adult woman with severe neutropenia for hematologic disease, lung and sinus disease, having multiple ulceronecróticas skin lesions and mucous membranes, with fatal outcome. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cutaneous manifestations of aspergillosis are rare, occurring in 5-10% of cases scattered. (bvsalud.org)
  • Disease was distinct from typical aspergillosis, being chronic and spreading in a contiguous manner across anatomical planes. (cdc.gov)
  • We emphasize the recognition of fumigati -mimetic molds as agents of chronic or refractory aspergillosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Chronic sinus aspergillosis is uncommon, and patients present with a diffusely opaque antrum radiographically, sometimes with dense punctate radiopacities. (medscape.com)
  • Conclusion-Thus, Aspergillosis should also be a cause for suspicion especially in post Covid patients, as a reason for invasive fungal sinusitis. (journalcra.com)
  • Much recent work has focused on describing epidemiology and significance of aspergillosis occurring after severe viral infections, especially influenza and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). (cdc.gov)
  • Among these infections is invasive aspergillosis, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the severely immunocompromised. (nih.gov)
  • I'm also a professor at the University of Manchester and do quite a lot of research on different aspects of fungal disease, particularly aspergillosis, including resistance and new diagnostic tests, and I'm also the leader and president of the Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections, which has as its main objective to improve the quality of care and therefore the outcome of patients with fungal diseases across the world. (cdc.gov)
  • Introduction-This study is aimed to present the clinical features, incidence, associated complications and management strategies in post Covid aspergillosis and mixed fungal infections at a tertiary health care setup. (journalcra.com)
  • However, with new data and going by the fungal culture reports, the incidence of mixed fungal infections and aspergillosis has not been well studied, and the clinical features and management strategies is an evolving spectrum on which we plan to shed some light. (journalcra.com)
  • It has been demonstrated that patients with severe influenza virus respiratory infections are at high risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and susceptible to developing invasive aspergillosis, a secondary infection caused by microscopic fungi. (eurekalert.org)
  • COVID-19 patients are therefore at risk of developing invasive fungal infections (IFIs) such as invasive aspergillosis. (eurekalert.org)
  • There is significant interest in combination antifungal therapy pairing an echinocandin with either an azole or amphotericin B formulation as therapy for invasive aspergillosis. (nih.gov)
  • The histopathologic/cytopathologic view of invasive aspergillosis from a needle aspiration or biopsy demonstrates septate acutely branching hyphae or spherule formation (filamentous fungi without yeast forms), with evidence of associated tissue damage (either microscopically or unequivocally by imaging). (medscape.com)
  • Combined with severe viral infection, aspergillosis comprises a constellation of airway-invasive and angio-invasive disease and results in risks associated with poor airway fungus clearance and killing, including virus- or inflammation-associated epithelial damage, systemic immunosuppression, and underlying lung disease. (cdc.gov)
  • As we see the pieces of the puzzle fall into place for preventing aspergillosis, we keep coming back to the pivotal role that nutrition plays in having our birds be healthy and disease free. (parrotmag.com)
  • Patients with leukemia, lymphoma, HIV disease, or iatrogenic immunosuppression (eg, those undergoing bone marrow or renal transplantation) are at particular risk from such invasive sinus aspergillosis. (medscape.com)
  • Aspergillosis complicating severe influenza infection has been increasingly detected worldwide. (cdc.gov)
  • Aspergillosis associated with severe influenza virus infection (influenza-associated aspergillosis, IAA) was reported in 1951, when Abbott et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Invasive aspergillosis is frequently recognized in persons who have severe immunosuppression, especially that associated with hematologic malignancies and transplantation. (cdc.gov)
  • In these COVID-19 patients, aspergillosis is linked to a higher risk of death with overall mortality of 61.8% versus 32.1% in patients with severe COVID-19 but no secondary fungal infection. (eurekalert.org)
  • The high prevalence and mortality associated with invasive aspergillosis and candidemia revealed by the MYCOVID study highlight the urgent need to establish an index of suspicion and implement active surveillance of IFI's in patients with severe forms of COVID-19 in ICUs. (eurekalert.org)
  • Noninvasive aspergillosis is usually seen in immunocompetent individuals, whereas invasive aspergillosis is seen in immunocompromised patients. (medscape.com)
  • big problem because the azoles are the only class of drugs that we've got that we can give orally to patients with aspergillosis. (cdc.gov)
  • We also miss aspergillosis in intensive care and other critical care settings, and also in patients with emphysema or COPD. (cdc.gov)
  • The development of Aspergillosis in Post Covid patients is a novel presentation of the fungus and with the advent of new data, our horizons regarding the association of Apsergillosis and Covid is ever expanding. (journalcra.com)
  • Early treatment can help in early recovery and less morbidity, a direct association has been detected with Diabetes Mellitus and Aspergillosis, thus controlling blood sugar levels is of utmost importance in the management of these patients Incessant use of steroids should be avoided as it is a significant risk factor in the development of post Covid Aspergillosis could not be derived. (journalcra.com)
  • Diverse clinical presentations of aspergillosis have been reported and they vary depending on the immune status of the host. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chest computed tomography scans and new non-culture-based assays such as antigen detection and polymerase chain reaction may facilitate the early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, but have limitations. (nih.gov)
  • Without treatment, this form of invasive aspergillosis is fatal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The second-generation triazole, voriconazole, was superior to conventional amphotericin B as primary therapy for invasive aspergillosis, and is the new standard of care for this infection. (nih.gov)
  • Invasive sinus aspergillosis is rare and affects mainly immunocompromised hosts, although it is also seen in some apparently healthy individuals, predominantly in subtropical countries with a warm climate (eg, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, India). (medscape.com)
  • Invasive aspergillosis most commonly involves the sinopulmonary tract reflecting inhalation as the principal portal of entry. (nih.gov)
  • One undesirable sequela of root canal treatment is the overextension of endodontic material into the maxillary sinus, which may represent a risk factor for maxillary sinus aspergillosis (MSA). (bvsalud.org)
  • Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with COPD: a report of five cases and systematic review of the literature. (medscape.com)
  • Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in acute leukemia: characteristic findings on CT, the CT halo sign, and the role of CT in early diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Invasive nosocomial pulmonary aspergillosis]. (nih.gov)
  • Nursing care after pneumonectomy in patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. (nih.gov)
  • Comparing Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Mortality Between Liposomal Amphotericin B and Voriconazole in Patients With Hematological Malignancy or Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. (nih.gov)
  • Impact of negative air pressure in ICU rooms on the risk of pulmonary aspergillosis in COVID-19 patients. (nih.gov)
  • Recent evidence has identified other populations at risk for invasive aspergillosis, including those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and nontransplant patients in intensive care units (ICUs) ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Airway-invasion-associated pulmonary computed tomography presentations characteristic of invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis in non-immunocompromised adults: a National Multicenter Retrospective Survey in China. (bvsalud.org)
  • The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer / Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/ MSG ) criteria are widely used in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), but they only apply to immunocompromised patients . (bvsalud.org)
  • One kind is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (also called ABPA). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Effects of itraconazole therapy in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. (medscape.com)
  • A randomized trial of itraconazole in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. (medscape.com)
  • Azoles for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis associated with asthma. (medscape.com)
  • Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a US perspective. (medscape.com)
  • When aspergillosis causes an allergic reaction, it affects the lungs, triggering symptoms such as wheezing, coughing up of brown mucus, and a low-grade fever. (healthychildren.org)
  • This form of aspergillosis is called allergic aspergillosis and occurs most often in children with chronic asthma or cystic fibrosis. (healthychildren.org)
  • If he has the allergic type of aspergillosis, your pediatrician will order blood tests to measure immunoglobulin E levels and antibodies to the fungus. (healthychildren.org)
  • Treatment for invasive infection involves the use of antifungal medications such as amphotericin B. Treatment of allergic aspergillosis involves steroids as well as antifungal agents. (healthychildren.org)
  • Two cases of non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. (nih.gov)
  • in humans they appear to occur 60-year-old man who had chronic lymphocytic leukemia predominantly in patients who have chronic granulomatous and in whom cerebral aspergillosis later developed and disease (CGD), a rare disorder of phagocytes in which the was confi rmed by biopsy. (cdc.gov)
  • Review of 20 cases of cerebral aspergillosis that were treated with itraconazole revealed that three of the four patients who received high doses (800 mg/d in the adults) of the drug responded favorably, while only two of the 16 patients who received a dose of 400 mg/d were cured. (curehunter.com)
  • Aspergillosis is an infection that frequently affects the lungs. (healthychildren.org)
  • This is a serious infection ( invasive aspergillosis) that often destroys the lungs and can result in death. (healthychildren.org)
  • Aspergillosis is a disease with exceptionally high health care costs, not only because of the chronic course of disease and high mortality rates, but also because of the lost investment in expensive medical procedures such as bone marrow (BMTx) and organ transplantation that place patients at risks for infection. (nih.gov)
  • Invasive aspergillosis is an uncommon, serious infection of the lung or other body systems and is a major cause of mortality in immunocompromised individuals. (nih.gov)
  • Describe diagnostic and management strategies for invasive aspergillosis following influenza infection. (cdc.gov)
  • We report 2 patients with invasive aspergillosis after infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009. (cdc.gov)
  • We recently treated 2 immunocompetent patients who had invasive aspergillosis after infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and are aware of similar cases at other centers ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Golden retrievers that spend a lot of time outside or on farms are especially susceptible to Aspergillosis due to their increased exposure to the threat of fungal infection. (thinkersvine.com)
  • Aspergillosis is the most common type of fungal infection and is found in grass clippings, hay, straw, and dust. (vetrxdirect.com)
  • I'm also a professor at the University of Manchester and do quite a lot of research on different aspects of fungal disease, particularly aspergillosis, including resistance and new diagnostic tests, and I'm also the leader and president of the Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections, which has as its main objective to improve the quality of care and therefore the outcome of patients with fungal diseases across the world. (cdc.gov)
  • Aspergillosis is a fungal disease that can affect humans and dogs, including golden retrievers. (thinkersvine.com)
  • In the sinuses and lungs, aspergillosis typically develops as a ball (aspergilloma) composed of a tangled mass of fungus fibers, blood clots, and white blood cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We emphasize the recognition of fumigati -mimetic molds as agents of chronic or refractory aspergillosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Uses/Indications - Itraconazole may have use in veterinary medicine in the treatment of systemic mycoses, including aspergillosis, cryptococcal meningitis, blastomycosis, and histoplasmosis. (elephantcare.org)
  • Pfeiffer CD, Fine JP, Safdar N. Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis using a galactomannan assay: a meta-analysis. (medscape.com)
  • Aspergillosis usually develops in open spaces in the body, such as cavities in the lungs caused by preexisting lung disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Less often, aspergillosis becomes very aggressive and rapidly spreads throughout the lungs and often through the bloodstream to the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Objectives: In the current study we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the new intravenous formulation of POS in a non-neutropenic murine model of invasive aspergillosis (IA) using POS-susceptible and POS-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. (nih.gov)
  • Aspergillosis is a chameleon syndrome that can affect both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts. (medscape.com)
  • This PA, Aspergillosis, Ehrlichioses and Drug Resistance, is related to the priority areas of immunization and infectious diseases. (nih.gov)
  • RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Background The purpose of this initiative is to advance the development of research in three specific areas: aspergillosis, ehrlichioses and drug resistance. (nih.gov)
  • I manage the UK's National Aspergillosis Centre and we receive about five hundred new patient referrals per year. (cdc.gov)
  • Without treatment, this form of invasive aspergillosis is fatal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These abnormalities and use of high-dose corticosteroids during treatment for influenza-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may form a unique group of risk factors for invasive aspergillosis. (cdc.gov)
  • One undesirable sequela of root canal treatment is the overextension of endodontic material into the maxillary sinus, which may represent a risk factor for maxillary sinus aspergillosis (MSA). (bvsalud.org)
  • To diagnose aspergillosis, your pediatrician will evaluate your child's symptoms. (healthychildren.org)
  • Identify historical outcomes of influenza-associated invasive aspergillosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Incidence of aspergillosis is estimated at 10 to 20 percent of all BMTx, with >10,000 new transplants each year in the U.S. Incidence is also increasing in AIDS. (nih.gov)
  • Another kind is invasive aspergillosis, which damages tissues in the body. (medlineplus.gov)