Aspartic acid. Medical search

One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.

A subclass of peptide hydrolases that depend on an ASPARTIC ACID residue for their activity.

A sub-subclass of endopeptidases that depend on an ASPARTIC ACID residue for their activity.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)

N-acylated oligopeptides isolated from culture filtrates of Actinomycetes, which act specifically to inhibit acid proteases such as pepsin and renin.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

An ASPARTIC ACID residue in polypeptide chains that is linked at the beta-carboxyl group instead of at the normal, alpha-carboxyl group, polypeptide linkage. It is a result of the spontaneous decomposition of aspartic acid or ASPARAGINE residues.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

An aspartic endopeptidase that is similar in structure to CATHEPSIN D. It is found primarily in the cells of the immune system where it may play a role in processing of CELL SURFACE ANTIGENS.

Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.

Formed from pig pepsinogen by cleavage of one peptide bond. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain and is inhibited by methyl 2-diaazoacetamidohexanoate. It cleaves peptides preferentially at the carbonyl linkages of phenylalanine or leucine and acts as the principal digestive enzyme of gastric juice.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.

A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

An enzyme that activates aspartic acid with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.12.

An intracellular proteinase found in a variety of tissue. It has specificity similar to but narrower than that of pepsin A. The enzyme is involved in catabolism of cartilage and connective tissue. EC 3.4.23.5. (Formerly EC 3.4.4.23).

A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde, orthophosphate, and NADP+ to yield L-4-aspartyl phosphate and NADPH. EC 1.2.1.11.

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A course of study offered by an educational institution.

Disciplines that apply sciences to law. Forensic sciences include a wide range of disciplines, such as FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY; FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY; FORENSIC MEDICINE; FORENSIC DENTISTRY; and others.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A type II keratin found expressed in the upper spinous layer of epidermal KERATINOCYTES. Mutations in genes that encode keratin-2A have been associated with ICHTHYOSIS BULLOSA OF SIEMENS.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds are separated on an adsorbent paper (stationary phase) by their varied degree of solubility/mobility in the eluting solvent (mobile phase).

An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A mutation in which a codon is mutated to one directing the incorporation of a different amino acid. This substitution may result in an inactive or unstable product. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, King & Stansfield, 5th ed)

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain.

An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.

A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.

Homogeneous liquid preparations that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved, i.e., molecularly dispersed, in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents. For reasons of their ingredients, method of preparation, or use, they do not fall into another group of products.

An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of aspartic beta-semialdehyde to homoserine, which is the branch point in biosynthesis of methionine, lysine, threonine and leucine from aspartic acid. EC 1.1.1.3.

A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds.

Root-like underground horizontal stem of plants that produces shoots above and roots below. Distinguished from true roots which don't have buds and nodes. Similar to true roots in being underground and thickened by storage deposits.

The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Physiologically inactive substances that can be converted to active enzymes.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

Steroid derivatives formed by oxidation of a methyl group on the side chain or a methylene group in the ring skeleton to form a ketone.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.

ENDOPEPTIDASES which have a cysteine involved in the catalytic process. This group of enzymes is inactivated by CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS such as CYSTATINS and SULFHYDRYL REAGENTS.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.

An electrochemical process in which macromolecules or colloidal particles with a net electric charge migrate in a solution under the influence of an electric current.

A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Organic compounds that contain the (-NH2OH) radical.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

Rebuilding of the ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT to restore functional stability of the knee. AUTOGRAFTING or ALLOGRAFTING of tissues is often used.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.

A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying aspartic acid to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.

Rhodopsins found in the PURPLE MEMBRANE of halophilic archaea such as HALOBACTERIUM HALOBIUM. Bacteriorhodopsins function as an energy transducers, converting light energy into electrochemical energy via PROTON PUMPS.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of aspartic acid to ammonia and fumaric acid in plants and some microorganisms. EC 4.3.1.1.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of beta-aspartyl phosphate from aspartic acid and ATP. Threonine serves as an allosteric regulator of this enzyme to control the biosynthetic pathway from aspartic acid to threonine. EC 2.7.2.4.

A genus of BACILLACEAE that are spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. Most species are saprophytic soil forms with only a few species being pathogenic.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

The chemical processes, enzymatic activities, and pathways of living things and related temporal, dimensional, qualitative, and quantitative concepts.

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.

A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.

A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mucoraceae, order Mucorales. It is primarily saprophytic, but may cause MUCORMYCOSIS in man from spores germinating in the lungs.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

Specialized afferent neurons capable of transducing sensory stimuli into NERVE IMPULSES to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sometimes sensory receptors for external stimuli are called exteroceptors; for internal stimuli are called interoceptors and proprioceptors.

Transmembrane proteins that form the beta subunits of the HLA-DQ antigens.

A genus of HALOBACTERIACEAE whose growth requires a high concentration of salt. Binary fission is by constriction.

A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.

The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

A group of lysosomal proteinases or endopeptidases found in aqueous extracts of a variety of animal tissues. They function optimally within an acidic pH range. The cathepsins occur as a variety of enzyme subtypes including SERINE PROTEASES; ASPARTIC PROTEINASES; and CYSTEINE PROTEASES.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Streptomyces griseus.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)

An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.

The study of the composition, chemical structures, and chemical reactions of living things.

Proteins produced from GENES that have acquired MUTATIONS.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Hemoglobins characterized by structural alterations within the molecule. The alteration can be either absence, addition or substitution of one or more amino acids in the globin part of the molecule at selected positions in the polypeptide chains.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The accumulation of an electric charge on a object

A class of enzymes that transfers substituted phosphate groups. EC 2.7.8.

Enzymes that catalyze the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond leading to unsaturated products via the removal of water. EC 4.2.1.

A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mucoraceae, order MUCORALES, a common saprophyte and facultative parasite of mature fruits and vegetables. It may cause cerebral mycoses in diabetes and cutaneous infection in severely burned patients.

Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID that contain one or more amino groups attached to the aliphatic structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobutryrate structure.

A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.

A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.

A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

Derivatives of SUCCINIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,4-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure.

A multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), its fragmentation and analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Metschnikowiaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. Its antifungal activity is used to inhibit postharvest decay of fruit.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)

A group of the D-related HLA antigens found to differ from the DR antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight.

Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl-, phospho-, amino- or other groups from one position within a molecule to another. EC 5.4.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

The physical phenomena describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum.

Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Carica papaya. It is also the name used for a purified mixture of papain and CHYMOPAPAIN that is used as a topical enzymatic debriding agent. EC 3.4.22.2.

The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and processes.

An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

A genus of owlet moths of the family Noctuidae. These insects are used in molecular biology studies during all stages of their life cycle.

The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.

An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.

Chemical groups containing the covalent disulfide bonds -S-S-. The sulfur atoms can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.

Activation of c-Abl tyrosine kinase requires caspase activation and is not involved in JNK/SAPK activation during apoptosis of human monocytic leukemia U937 cells. (1/4935)

Genotoxic stress triggers the activation of several sensor molecules, such as p53, JNK1/SAPK and c-Abl, and occasionally promotes the cells to apoptosis. We previously reported that JNK1/SAPK regulates genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis in p53-negative U937 cells by activating caspases. c-Abl is expected to act upstream of JNK1/SAPK activation upon treatment with genotoxic stressors, but its involvement in apoptosis development is still unclear. We herein investigated the kinase activities of c-Abl and JNK1/SAPK during apoptosis elicited by genotoxic anticancer drugs and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in U937 cells and their apoptosis-resistant variant UK711 cells. We found that the activation of JNK1/SAPK and c-Abl correlated well with apoptosis development in these cell lines. Unexpectedly, however, the JNK1/SAPK activation preceded the c-Abl activation. Moreover, the caspase inhibitor Z-Asp suppressed c-Abl activation and the onset of apoptosis but not the JNK1/SAPK activation. Interestingly, c-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibition by CGP 57148 reduced apoptosis without interfering with JNK1/SAPK activation. These results indicate that c-Abl acts not upstream of JNK1/ SAPK but downstream of caspases during the development of p53-independent apoptosis and is possibly involved in accelerating execution of the cell death pathway. (+info)

Hemoglobin Providence. A human hemoglobin variant occurring in two forms in vivo. (2/4935)

Hemoglobin Providence Asn and Hemoglobin Providence Asp are two abnormal hemoglobins which apparently arise from a single genetic change that substitutes asparagine for lysine at position 82 (EF6) in the beta chain of human hemoglobin. The second form appears to be thr result of a partial in vivo deamidation of the asparagine situated at position beta 82. Cellulose acetate and citrate agar electrophoresis of hemolysates from patients with this abnormality shows three bands. Globin chain electrophoresis at acid and alkaline pH shows three beta chains. These three chains correspond to the normal beta A chain and two abnormal beta chains. Sequence analysis indicates that the two abnormal chains differ from beta A at only position beta 82. In the two abnormal chains, the residue which is normally lysine is substituted either by asparagine or by aspartic acid. These substitutions are notable because beta 82 lysine is one of the residues involved in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate binding. Additionally, beta 82 lysine is typically invariant in hemoglobin beta chain sequences. Sequence data on the two forms of Hemoglobin Providence are given in this paper. The functional properties of these two forms are described in the next paper. (+info)

N-Acetylaspartate distribution in rat brain striatum during acute brain ischemia. (3/4935)

Brain N-acetylaspartate (NAA) can be quantified by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and is used in clinical settings as a marker of neuronal density. It is, however, uncertain whether the change in brain NAA content in acute stroke is reliably measured by 1H-MRS and how NAA is distributed within the ischemic area. Rats were exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion. Preischemic values of [NAA] in striatum were 11 mmol/L by 1H-MRS and 8 mmol/kg by HPLC. The methods showed a comparable reduction during the 8 hours of ischemia. The interstitial level of [NAA] ([NAA]e) was determined by microdialysis using [3H]NAA to assess in vivo recovery. After induction of ischemia, [NAA]e increased linearly from 70 micromol/L to a peak level of 2 mmol/L after 2 to 3 hours before declining to 0.7 mmol/L at 7 hours. For comparison, [NAA]e was measured in striatum during global ischemia, revealing that [NAA]e increased linearly to 4 mmol/L after 3 hours and this level was maintained for the next 4 h. From the change in in vivo recovery of the interstitial space volume marker [14C]mannitol, the relative amount of NAA distributed in the interstitial space was calculated to be 0.2% of the total brain NAA during normal conditions and only 2 to 6% during ischemia. It was concluded that the majority of brain NAA is intracellularly located during ischemia despite large increases of interstitial [NAA]. Thus, MR quantification of NAA during acute ischemia reflects primarily changes in intracellular levels of NAA. (+info)

Distinct sensitivities of OmpF and PhoE porins to charged modulators. (4/4935)

The inhibition of the anion-selective PhoE porin by ATP and of the cation-selective OmpF porin by polyamines has been previously documented. In the present study, we have extended the comparison of the inhibitor-porin pairs by investigating the effect of anions (ATP and aspartate) and positively charged polyamines (spermine and cadaverine) on both OmpF and PhoE with the patch-clamp technique, and by comparing directly the gating kinetics of the channels modulated by their respective substrates. The novel findings reported here are (1) that the activity of PhoE is completely unaffected by polyamines, and (2) that the kinetic changes induced by ATP on PhoE or polyamines on OmpF suggest different mechanisms of inhibition. ATP induces a high degree of flickering in the PhoE-mediated current and appears to behave as a blocker of ion flow during its presumed transport through PhoE. Polyamines modulate the kinetics of openings and closings of OmpF, in addition to promoting a blocker-like flickering activity. The strong correlation between sensitivity to inhibitors and ion selectivity suggests that some common molecular determinants are involved in these two properties and is in agreement with the hypothesis that polyamines bind inside the pore of cationic porins. (+info)

His ... Asp catalytic dyad of ribonuclease A: histidine pKa values in the wild-type, D121N, and D121A enzymes. (5/4935)

Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) has a conserved His ... Asp catalytic dyad in its active site. Structural analyses had indicated that Asp121 forms a hydrogen bond with His119, which serves as an acid during catalysis of RNA cleavage. The enzyme contains three other histidine residues including His12, which is also in the active site. Here, 1H-NMR spectra of wild-type RNase A and the D121N and D121A variants were analyzed thoroughly as a function of pH. The effect of replacing Asp121 on the microscopic pKa values of the histidine residues is modest: none change by more than 0.2 units. There is no evidence for the formation of a low-barrier hydrogen bond between His119 and either an aspartate or an asparagine residue at position 121. In the presence of the reaction product, uridine 3'-phosphate (3'-UMP), protonation of one active-site histidine residue favors protonation of the other. This finding is consistent with the phosphoryl group of 3'-UMP interacting more strongly with the two active-site histidine residues when both are protonated. Comparison of the titration curves of the unliganded enzyme with that obtained in the presence of different concentrations of 3'-UMP shows that a second molecule of 3'-UMP can bind to the enzyme. Together, the data indicate that the aspartate residue in the His ... Asp catalytic dyad of RNase A has a measurable but modest effect on the ionization of the adjacent histidine residue. (+info)

Chemotactic responses of Escherichia coli to small jumps of photoreleased L-aspartate. (6/4935)

Computer-assisted motion analysis coupled to flash photolysis of caged chemoeffectors provides a means for time-resolved analysis of bacterial chemotaxis. Escherichia coli taxis toward the amino acid attractant L-aspartate is mediated by the Tar receptor. The physiology of this response, as well as Tar structure and biochemistry, has been studied extensively. The beta-2, 6-dinitrobenzyl ester of L-aspartic acid and the 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl ether of 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-tris-sulfonic acid were synthesized. These compounds liberated L-aspartate and the fluorophore 8-hydroxypyrene 1,3,6-tris-sulfonic acid (pyranine) upon irradiation with near-UV light. Photorelease of the fluorophore was used to define the amplitude and temporal stability of the aspartate jumps employed in chemotaxis experiments. The dependence of chemotactic adaptation times on aspartate concentration, determined in mixing experiments, was best fit by two Tar aspartate-binding sites. Signal processing (excitation) times, amplitudes, and adaptive recovery of responses elicited by aspartate jumps producing less than 20% change in receptor occupancy were characterized in photorelease assays. Aspartate concentration jumps in the nanomolar range elicited measurable responses. The response threshold and sensitivity of swimming bacteria matched those of bacteria tethered to glass by a single flagellum. Stimuli of similar magnitude, delivered either by rapid mixing or photorelease, evoked responses of similar strength, as assessed by recovery time measurements. These times remained proportional to change in receptor occupancy close to threshold, irrespective of prior occupancy. Motor excitation responses decayed exponentially with time. Rates of excitation responses near threshold ranged from 2 to 7 s-1. These values are consistent with control of excitation signaling by decay of phosphorylated pools of the response regulator protein, CheY. Excitation response rates increased slightly with stimulus size up to values limited by the instrumentation; the most rapid was measured to be 16 +/- 3 (SE) s-1. This increase may reflect simultaneous activation of CheY dephosphorylation, together with inhibition of its phosphorylation. (+info)

D-Aspartate stimulation of testosterone synthesis in rat Leydig cells. (7/4935)

D-Aspartate increases human chorionic gonadotropin-induced testosterone production in purified rat Leydig cells. L-Aspartate, D-,L-glutamate or D-,L-asparagine could not substitute for D-aspartate and this effect was independent of glutamate receptor activation. Testosterone production was enhanced only in cells cultured with D-aspartate for more than 3 h. The increased production of testosterone was well correlated with the amounts of D-aspartate incorporated into the Leydig cells, and L-cysteine sulfinic acid, an inhibitor of D-aspartate uptake, suppressed both testosterone production and intracellular D-aspartate levels. D-Aspartate therefore is presumably taken up into cells to increase steroidogenesis. Intracellular D-aspartate probably acts on cholesterol translocation into the inner mitochondrial membrane, the rate-limiting process in steroidogenesis. (+info)

Deamidation and isoaspartate formation in smeared tau in paired helical filaments. Unusual properties of the microtubule-binding domain of tau. (8/4935)

An extensive loss of a selected population of neurons in Alzheimer's disease is closely related to the formation of paired helical filaments (PHFs). The most striking characteristic of PHFs upon Western blotting is their smearing. According to a previously described protocol (Morishima-Kawashima, M., Hasegawa, M., Takio, K., Suzuki, M., Titani, K., and Ihara, Y. (1993) Neuron 10, 1151-1160), smeared tau was purified, and its peptide map was compared with that of soluble (normal) tau. A CNBr fragment from soluble tau (CN5; residues 251-419 according to the 441-residue isoform) containing the microtubule-binding domain migrated at 15 and 18 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas that from smeared tau exhibited two larger, unusually broad bands at approximately 30 and approximately 45 kDa, presumably representing dimers and trimers of CN5. In the peptide map of smeared tau-derived CN5, distinct peaks eluting at unusual locations were noted. Amino acid sequence and mass spectrometric analyses revealed that these distinct peptides bear isoaspartate at Asn-381 and Asp-387. Because no unusual peptides other than aspartyl or isoaspartyl peptide were found in the digests of smeared tau-derived CN5, it is likely that site-specific deamidation and isoaspartate formation are involved in its dimerization and trimerization and thus in PHF formation in vivo. (+info)

... that asparagine and aspartic acid itself are decomposed with a remarkable ease under the influence of nitrous acid, rendering ... Robiquet) and aspartic acid]. Annalen der Chemie (in German). 6: 75-88. doi:10.1002/jlac.18330060111. The empirical formula of ... "Asparagine and aspartic acid". Journal of the Chemical Society. 31: 457-459. See especially p. 458. Piutti A (1888). "Sintesi e ... and aspartic acid]. Annalen der Chemie (in German). 7 (14): 146-150. Bibcode:1834AnP...107..220L. doi:10.1002/andp.18341071405 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagine

... aspartic acid, and methanol. At 180 °C, aspartame undergoes decomposition to form a diketopiperazine derivative. Aspartic acid ... Aspartame is a methyl ester of the dipeptide of the natural amino acids L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalanine. Under strongly ... by treatment of aspartic acid with a mixture of formic acid and acetic anhydride. Phenylalanine is converted to its methyl ... including aspartic acid, phenylalanine, methanol, and further breakdown products including formaldehyde and formic acid. Human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartame

The amino acids are identified as V=valine; M=methionine; G=glycine; S=serine, D=aspartic acid; Y=tyrosine, R=arginine; W= ... GATA1-S lacks the first 83 amino acids of GATA1 and therefore consists of only 331 amino acids. GATA1 codes for two zinc finger ... In both GATA1 and GATA1-S, C-ZnF (i.e. C-terminus zinc finger) binds to DNA-specific nucleic acid sequences sites viz., (T/A( ... It is 7.74 kilobases in length, consists of 6 exons, and codes for a full-length protein, GATA1, of 414 amino acids as well as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GATA1

Polyaspartic acid Bennett GD (2005). "A Green Polymerization of Aspartic Acid for the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory". J. ... It is biodegradable condensation polymer based on the amino acid aspartic acid. The polymerization reaction is an example of a ... Low, K. C.; Wheeler, A. P.; Koskan, L. P. (1996). Commercial poly(aspartic acid) and Its Uses. Advances in Chemistry Series. ... step-growth polymerization to a polyamide and in one practical procedure aspartic acid is simply heated to 180 °C resulting in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_polyaspartate

Knizley H (October 1967). "The enzymatic synthesis of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid by a water-insoluble preparation of a cat brain ... Goldstein FB (1959). "Biosynthesis of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid". J. Biol. Chem. 234: 2702-2706. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartate_N-acetyltransferase

... and one aspartic acid. For the iron ion to bind, an anion is required, preferably carbonate (CO2− 3). Transferrin also has a ... The amino acids which bind the iron ion to the transferrin are identical for both lobes; two tyrosines, one histidine, ... In humans, each monomer consists of 760 amino acids. It enables ligand bonding to the transferrin, as each monomer can bind to ... Hsu SL, Lin YF, Chou CK (April 1992). "Transcriptional regulation of transferrin and albumin genes by retinoic acid in human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferrin

Ohmura E, Hayaishi O (1957). "Enzymatic conversion of formylaspartic acid to aspartic acid". J. Biol. Chem. 227: 181-190. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formylaspartate_deformylase

... in which a mixture or paste of crystalline aspartic acid and concentrated phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid in a thin ... The copoly-(succinimide-aspartic acid) formed by partial hydrolysis and especially polyaspartic acid (trade name Baypure® DS ... and its copolymeric derivatives by acid-catalysed polycondensation of L-aspartic acid", Polymer, 37 (16), pp. 4435-4437, doi: ... When dry aspartic acid was heated for about 20 hours at 190 °C to 200 °C, a colorless product was obtained. Above 200 °C, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysuccinimide

"TRDMT1 tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1 (Homo sapiens)". Entrez Gene. NCBI. 2010-11-01. Retrieved 2010-11-07. Mack GS ( ... The name for this methyltransferase has been changed from DNMT2 to TRDMT1 (tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1) to better ... The enzyme is about 1,620 amino acids long. The first 1,100 amino acids constitute the regulatory domain of the enzyme, and the ... the enzyme was shown to methylate position 38 in aspartic acid transfer RNA and does not methylate DNA. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_methyltransferase

Primary amino acids include aspartic acid and proline. It also is a good source of calcium, potassium, and manganese. In growth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroptilium_atropurpureum

"Entrez Gene: TRDMT1 tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1". Goll MG, Kirpekar F, Maggert KA, et al. (2006). "Methylation of ... been shown that human DNMT2 does not methylate DNA but instead methylates cytosine 38 in the anticodon loop of aspartic acid ... Nucleic Acids Res. 26 (11): 2536-40. doi:10.1093/nar/26.11.2536. PMC 147598. PMID 9592134. Van den Wyngaert I, Sprengel J, Kass ... Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (2): 439-48. doi:10.1093/nar/29.2.439. PMC 29660. PMID 11139614. Franchina M, Hooper J, Kay PH (2001). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRDMT1

The aspartic acids are the acid/base catalysts. Lastly, once the ligand is attached to the active site, a series of methionines ... The two aspartic acids mentioned above act as proton donors and acceptors. Asp37 and Asp175 are both hydrogen bonded to the ... Mutagenesis studies have also indicated that two aspartic acids are located within the active site and help mediate catalysis ... Phosphopentose utilizes an acid/base type of catalytic mechanism. The reaction proceeds in such a way that trans-2,3-enediol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphopentose_epimerase

... aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid; D-cycloserine; L-aspartate; quinolinate, etc. Partial agonists : N-methyl-D-aspartic acid ( ... Ligands: Agonists: Glutamate, AMPA, 5-Fluorowillardiine, Domoic acid, Quisqualic acid, etc. Antagonists: CNQX, Kynurenic acid, ... GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), the endogenous ligand for these receptors, is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the ... Honoré T, Lauridsen J, Krogsgaard-Larsen P (January 1982). "The binding of [3H]AMPA, a structural analogue of glutamic acid, to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand-gated_ion_channel

... is an aspartic acid-containing dipeptide sweetener. It was developed by Pfizer in the early 1980s and currently ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alitame

Aspartic acid. 2.200 g. Glutamic acid. 3.610 g. Glycine. 1.583 g. Proline. 1.190 g. ... At one or more points on most abattoirs, chemical sprays and baths (e.g. bleach, acids, peroxides, etc.) are used to partially ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_(food)

Aspartic acid. 1.368 g. Glutamic acid. 2.885 g. Glycine. 0.708 g. Proline. 0.571 g. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carya_(genus)

Aspartic acid. 2.911 g. Glutamic acid. 6.810 g. Glycine. 1.469 g. Proline. 1.032 g. ... monounsaturated oleic acid (an omega-9 fatty acid), 13% linoleic acid (a polyunsaturated omega-6 essential fatty acid), and 10 ... saturated fatty acid (mainly as palmitic acid, USDA link in table). Linolenic acid, a polyunsaturated omega-3 fat, is not ... of which is palmitic acid), 70 grams of oleic acid, and 17 grams of linoleic acid (oil table). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almond

Aspartic acid. 1.222 g. Glutamic acid. 2.393 g. Glycine. 0.650 g. Proline. 0.471 g. ... "Cultivation of pili nut Canarium ovatum and the composition of fatty acids and triglycerides of the oil". Fett Wissenschaft ... It yields a light yellowish oil, mainly of glycerides of oleic (44.4 to 59.6%) and palmitic acids (32.6 to 38.2%). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pili_nut

Aspartic acid. 3.662 g. Glutamic acid. 6.269 g. Glycine. 1.611 g. Proline. 1.597 g. ... of the energy in hemp seeds is in the form of fats and essential fatty acids,[20] mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic ... Hemp seeds' amino acid profile is comparable to other sources of protein such as meat, milk, eggs, and soy.[21] Protein ... Hemp oil is cold-pressed from the seed and is high in unsaturated fatty acids.[16] The leaves of the hemp plant, while not as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp

Aspartic acid. 2.911 g. Glutamic acid. 6.810 g. Glycine. 1.469 g. Proline. 1.032 g. ... monounsaturated oleic acid (an omega-9 fatty acid), 13% linoleic acid (a polyunsaturated omega-6 essential fatty acid), and 5% ... saturated fatty acid (USDA link in table). Linolenic acid, a polyunsaturated omega-3 fat, is not present (table). Almond oil is ... Almonds contain polyphenols in their skins consisting of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, hydroxybenzoic acids and flavanones[41] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_dulcis

Aspartic acid. 5.793 g. Glutamic acid. 8.386 g. Glycine. 3.099 g. Proline. 2.382 g. ... gamma-linolenic acid,[14][15] alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, stearidonic acid,[16] eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), ... docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid.[17] In contrast to those 2003 estimates (of DHA and EPA each at 2 to 3% of ... "Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid production potential of microalgae and their heterotrophic growth" (PDF). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirulina_(dietary_supplement)

Aspartic acid. 0.417 g. Glutamic acid. 0.312 g. Glycine. 0.124 g. Proline. 0.127 g. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castanea_sativa

Aspartic acid. 1.550 g. Glutamic acid. 0.595 g. Glycine. 0.488 g. Proline. 0.545 g. ... The composition (by weight) of the most prevalent fatty acids in egg yolk typically is:[8] ... and pantothenic acid of the egg. In addition, yolks cover all of the fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, and K in the egg, as well ... as all of the essential fatty acids. A single yolk from a large egg contains roughly 22 mg of calcium, 66 mg of phosphorus, 9.5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolk

Aspartic acid. 0.325 g. Glutamic acid. 0.761 g. Glycine. 0.158 g. Proline. 0.138 g. ... It has a total fat content of 24%, most of which (89%) is saturated fat, with lauric acid as a major fatty acid.[67] When ... Coconut is also a source of lauric acid, which can be processed in a particular way to produce sodium lauryl sulfate, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconuts

Aspartic acid. 1.261 g. Glutamic acid. 2.259 g. Glycine. 1.636 g. Proline. 0.698 g. ... Making up about 5% of the total fatty acids of amaranth, squalene[28] is extracted as a vegetable-based alternative to the more ... pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, folate, and several dietary minerals (table). Uncooked amaranth is particularly rich in manganese ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus

Aspartic acid Asp D MT-TD 7,518-7,585 L Cysteine Cys C MT-TC 5,761-5,826 H ... those may be high energy requirements or a need for the catabolism or anabolism of a specific neurotransmitter or nucleic acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_mitochondrial_genetics

D'Souza SE, Ginsberg MH, Plow EF (July 1991). "Arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD): a cell adhesion motif". Trends in ... Other minimum sequence motifs have been identified, including the GFOGER 30 amino acid sequence from collagen 1 and the YGISR ... It was originally identified as the amino acid sequence within the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin that mediates cell ... recognize the same specific amino acid sequence, GFOGER, in native (triple-helical) collagens". The Journal of Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGD_motif

Working with gliadin, he identified α-aminoglutaric acid or glutamic acid in 1866. Then he identified aspartic acid in an ... the discovery of glutamic and aspartic acids as products of the hydrolysis of proteins; second, the realization that hydrolysis ... Karl Heinrich Ritthausen (13 January 1826 - 16 October 1912) was a German biochemist who identified two amino acids and made ... the statement that if proteins differ in amino acid composition, they should also differ in nutritive value to the animal. A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Heinrich_Ritthausen

... and D-aspartic acid-activating enzyme. Staudenbauer W, Strominger JL (1972). "Activation of D-aspartic acid for incorporation ... Staudenbauer W, Willoughby E, Strominger JL (1972). "Further studies of the D-aspartic acid-activating enzyme of Streptococcus ... the D-aspartate ligase responsible for the addition of D-aspartic acid onto the peptidoglycan precursor of Enterococcus faecium ... This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds as acid-D-ammonia (or amine) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-aspartate_ligase

L-aspartic acid. Over 1% is excreted in urine as carnitine conjugate of 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid. Other minor metabolites form ... Latter is a dipeptide of phenylalanine and aspartic acid. Neotame has 2 stereocenters and 4 stereoisomers. Sweetness is due to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotame

... and poor in acidic amino acids like aspartic acid and glutamic acid.[42] In an aqueous solution, the transit sequence forms a ... Chloroplast transit peptides exhibit huge variation in length and amino acid sequence.[42] They can be from 20-150 amino acids ... Tic100 is a nuclear encoded protein that's 871 amino acids long. The 871 amino acids collectively weigh slightly less than 100 ... At the N-terminal end is the A-domain, which is rich in acidic amino acids and takes up about half the protein length.[38][48] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast_DNA

Shi D، Nakamura T، Dai J، Yi L، Qin J، Chen D، Xu Z، Wang Y، Ikegawa S، Jiang Q (2007). "Association of the aspartic acid- ... "An aspartic acid repeat polymorphism in asporin inhibits chondrogenesis and increases susceptibility to osteoarthritis". Nature ... "Lack of association of a variable number of aspartic acid residues in the asporin gene with osteoarthritis susceptibility: case ... "Replication of the association of the aspartic acid repeat polymorphism in the asporin gene with knee-osteoarthritis ...

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asporin

In this process, fats, obtained from adipose tissue, or fat cells, are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids, which can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_plan

Two enzymes convert L-amino acids to D-amino acids. D-Amino-acid racemase, a PLP-dependent enzyme, racemizes amino acids via ... D-Amino acids are amino acids where the stereogenic carbon alpha to the amino group has the D-configuration. For most naturally ... L-amino-acid oxidases convert L-amino acids to the alpha-ketoacids, which are susceptible to reductive amination. Some amino ... L- and D-amino acids are usually enantiomers. The exceptions are two amino acids with two stereogenic centers, threonine and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-amino_acids

... hydrolysate was shown to be rich in L-aspartic acid and the necessary minerals manganese and selenium[3][unreliable source?] ... Protein hydrolysate has special application in sports medicine because its consumption allows amino acids to be absorbed by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolysate

Amino acid-derived. Major excitatory/inhibitory systems. Glutamate system. *Agmatine. *Aspartic acid (aspartate) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysophosphatidylinositol

Food and Nutrition Board (2002/2005). Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol ... Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Page 769 Archived 12 September 2006 at the Wayback ... or increased levels of uric acid, a risk factor for gout.[39] ... Amino acids. *Alanine. *Arginine. *Asparagine. *Aspartic acid. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-glycemic_diet

fatal familial insomnia - aspartic acid-178 is replaced by asparagine while methionine is present at amino acid 129[51] ... Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - glutamic acid-200 is replaced by lysine while valine is present at amino acid 129 ... "Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (3): 753-758. doi:10.1093/nar/29.3.753. PMC 30388. PMID 11160898.. ... The primary sequence of PrP is 253 amino acids long before post-translational modification. Signal sequences in the amino- and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRNP

... and membrane fatty acid composition". J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 61 (8): 781-94. doi:10.1093/gerona/61.8.781. PMID 16912094 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloric_restriction

peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation. • peptidyl-asparagine hydroxylation. • positive regulation of myoblast differentiation. • ... carboxylic acid binding. • cofactor binding. • oxidoreductase activity. • peptidyl-histidine dioxygenase activity. • oxygen ...

https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIF1AN

ઍસ્પાર્ટીક ઍસિડ (Aspartic acid). 2.91 બદામ ખાવાથે સ્વાસ્થ્ય લાભ જાણીતા છે પણ તેને વૈજ્ઞાનિક રીતે સાબિત નથી કરી શકાયા જેમ કે ... 1988). "Oil content and fatty acid composition of developing almond seeds". J. Agric. Food Chem. 36 (4): 695-697. doi:10.1021/ ...

https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/બદામ

Amino acids. *Alanine. *Arginine. *Asparagine. *Aspartic acid. *Cysteine. *Glutamic acid. *Glutamine. *Glycine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-vegetarianism

... the most abundant amino acids in Chinese soy sauce product are glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and leucine.[35] ... Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein[edit]. Some brands of soy sauce are made from acid-hydrolyzed soy protein instead of brewed ... Lactic acid bacteria ferments the sugars into lactic acid and yeast makes ethanol, which through aging and secondary ... Acid-hydrolyzed soy sauce (산분해간장) - made by hydrolyzing raw materials containing protein with acid. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecap

Aspartic acid (aspartate). *DIDS. *Direct blue 71. *Erythro-4-methyl-L-glutamic acid ... derived from the related proteinogenic L-amino acid glutamic acid. Theanine is an analog of this amino acid, and its primary ... Theanine /ˈθiːəniːn/, also known as L-γ-glutamylethylamide and N5-ethyl-L-glutamine, is an amino acid analogue of the ... to the amide formed from ethylamine and L-glutamic acid at its γ- (5-) side chain carboxylic acid group (as the name γ-L- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-theanine

Amino acids. *Alanine. *Arginine. *Asparagine. *Aspartic acid. *Cysteine. *Glutamic acid. *Glutamine. *Glycine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_product

Amino acid-derived. Major excitatory/inhibitory systems. Glutamate system. *Agmatine. *Aspartic acid (aspartate) ... In the cysteine sulfinic acid pathway, cysteine is first oxidized to its sulfinic acid, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine ... Kalir, Asher; Kalir, Henry H. "Biological activity of sulfinic acid derivatives" in Chemistry of Sulphinic Acids, Esters Their ... Hypotaurine is a sulfinic acid that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of taurine. Like taurine, it also acts as an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypotaurine

Aspartic acid g 0.20 Glutamic acid g 0.13 Glycine g 0.035 Proline g 0.027 ...

https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry

Changes in postsynaptic signaling are most commonly associated with a N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long- ... An example of chemical synapse by the release of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine or glutamic acid. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapses

Aspartic acid. 0.635 g. Glutamic acid. 0.986 g. Glycine. 0.285 g. Proline. 0.246 g. ...

https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aicorn

The molecule is a tetracarboxylic acid with four -COOH groups. One section of the molecule is the amino acid aspartic acid. ... and isoserine with aspartic acid is formed. Titration reveals changes in ionisation at pK 3.5 and 4.5 due to carboxylic acid ... Hydrolysis produces L-aspartic acid and racemic[why?] 2,3-diamino-propionic acid. [α]20°D at pH 7 is -48°.[contradictory] With ... In P. teres, a biosynthetic precursor of aspergillomarasmine A, L,L-N-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-aspartic acid has also been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillomarasmine_A

Aspartic acid. 3.662 g. Glutamic acid. 6.269 g. Glycine. 1.611 g. Proline. 1.597 g. ... of the energy in hempseed is in the form of fats and essential fatty acids,[19] mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic, ... oleic, and alpha-linolenic acids.[20]. Hempseed's amino acid profile is comparable to other sources of protein such as meat, ... products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method". Journal of Agricultural and Food ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp

Aspartic acid (aspartate). *DIDS. *Direct blue 71. *Erythro-4-methyl-L-glutamic acid ... Glutamic acid decarboxylase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and impaired function ... "Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid treatment affects citrate and amino acid accumulation to improve fruit quality and storage ... Glutamate decarboxylase or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAD_antibodies

Homoquinolinic acid - synthetic glutamate site partial agonist. *N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) - synthetic glutamate site ... The discovery of NMDA receptors was followed by the synthesis and study of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) in the 1960s by Jeff ... N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA), which the NMDA receptor was named after, is a partial agonist of the active or glutamate ... N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA), a synthetic partial agonist of the main site of the NMDAR. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMDA_receptor

... acid aspartic, acid glutamic, arginină, lizină, histidină (acesta din urmă constituie un aminoacid esențial pentru copiii cu ... acid aminosuccinic (acid asparagic) H. O. O. C. −. C. H. −. C. H. 2. −. C. H. 2. −. C. O. O. H. ,. N. H. 2. {\displaystyle {\ ... acid α-amino-propanoic (α-alanină) C. H. 3. −. C. H. −. C. H. −. C. O. O. H. ,. ,. C. H. 3. N. H. 2. {\displaystyle {\begin{ ... acid α amino β hidroxi propanoic (serină) Aminoacizi tioliciModificare. C. H. 2. −. C. H. −. C. O. O. H. ,. ,. S. H. N. H. 2. ...

https://ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacid

These five are alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid and serine. There are six conditionally essential amino acids ... The requirement for nonspecific nitrogen for the synthesis of the nutritionally dispensable amino acids (aspartic acid, ... Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein and Amino Acids, Institute of ... When amino acids are in excess of needs, the liver takes up the amino acids and deaminates them, a process converting the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_

Aspartic acid. 0.674 g. Glutamic acid. 1.479 g. Glycine. 0.278 g. Proline. 0.461 g. ...

https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyo

"A region rich in aspartic acid, arginine, tyrosine, and glycine (DRYG) mediates eukaryotic initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) self- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIF3A

BMAA is a derivative of the amino acid alanine with a methylamino group on the side chain. This non-proteinogenic amino acid is ... Vega, A; Bell, A. (1967). "a-amino-β-methylaminopropionic acid, a new amino acid from seeds of cycas circinalis". ... β-Methylamino-L-alanine, or BMAA, is a non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria. BMAA is a neurotoxin and its ... Neurotoxic non-protein amino acid BMAA in brain from patients dying with ALS and Alzheimer's disease[permanent dead link] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Methylamino-L-alanine

Aspartic. acid GGT Glycine GTC GCC GAC GGC GTA GCA GAA Glutamic. acid GGA ... Had the amino acid sequences come from different ancestors, they would have been coded for by any of the redundant codons, and ... Since many species use the same codon at the same place to specify an amino acid that can be represented by more than one codon ... The way that codons (DNA triplets) are mapped to amino acids seems to be strongly optimised. Richard Egel argues that in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_descent

L-Aspartic acid; Aspartic acid, L-; «alpha»-Aminosuccinic acid, (L)-; (S)-Aspartic acid; (2S)-Aspartic acid; Asparagic acid; ... Asparaginic acid; Butanedioic acid, amino-, (S)-; L-(+)-Aspartic acid; L-Aminosuccinic acid; L-Asparagic acid; L-Asparaginic ... acid; Aminosuccinic acid; Aspatofort; L-2-Aminobutanedioic acid; (S)-Aminobutanedioic acid; H-Asp-OH; NSC 3973 ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=56-84-8

Aspartic acid, like glutamic acid, is classified as an acidic amino acid, with a pKa of 3.9, however in a peptide this is ... The name "aspartic acid" can refer to either enantiomer or a mixture of two. Of these two forms, only one, "L-aspartic acid", ... In addition, aspartic acid acts as a hydrogen acceptor in a chain of ATP synthase. Dietary L-aspartic acid has been shown to ... Aspartic acid". The Merck Index (11th ed.). p. 132. ISBN 978-0-911910-28-5. "ICSC 1439 - L-ASPARTIC ACID". inchem.org. Haynes, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartic_acid

... a nonessential amino acid, C4H7NO4, produced by the hydrolysis of asparagine and proteins, found chiefly in young sugar cane ... aspartic acid. in Science. aspartic acid. [ə-spär′tĭk]. *A nonessential amino acid. Chemical formula: C4H7NO4. See more at ... aspartic acid. in Medicine. aspartic acid. (ə-spär′tĭk). n.. *One of the nonessential amino acids that occur in proteins.. .css ... a nonessential amino acid, C4H7NO4, produced by the hydrolysis of asparagine and proteins, found chiefly in young sugar cane ...

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/aspartic-acid

Carbamoyl aspartic acid (or ureidosuccinic acid) is a carbamate derivative, serving as an intermediate in pyrimidine ... "ureidosuccinic acid - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbamoyl_aspartic_acid

Aspartic acid, also called asparaginic acid and alpha-aminosuccinic acid, is an acidic, α-amino acid that is found in many ... Aspartic acid is pervasive in biosynthesis and is the precursor to several amino acids. Aspartic acid is a metabolite in the ... The conversion of aspartic acid to these other amino acids begins with reduction of aspartic acid to its "semialdehyde," HO2CCH ... The 20 Common Amino Acids. Analogues of nucleic acids:. Alanine (dp) , Arginine (dp) , Asparagine (dp) , Aspartic acid (dp) , ...

https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Aspartic_acid

D-aspartic acid side effects are minimal when using d-aspartic acid bodybuilding supplements. But studies are limited and do ... What Is Aspartic Acid? Aspartic acid, or d-aspartic acid, is a non-essential amino acid. This means that your body produces an ... D-Aspartic Acid Side Effects There is limited research on d-aspartic acid. In the research, there is limited to no mention of ... D-Aspartic Acid Sperm Effects Men have also used d-aspartic acid for improving their fertility. There is limited, but promising ...

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Aspartic acid, N-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-sulfopropyl)-N-(C16-C18 (even numbered), C18 unsaturated alkyl) tetrasodium salts. ...

https://echa.europa.eu/en/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5836/7/1

What is Amino Z D-Aspartic Acid Powder?In no other time in history have we witnessed such a plummet in the testosterone levels ... You need Amino Z D-Aspartic Acid Powder.. Clinically dosed with pharmaceutical grade D-Aspartic Acid powder, this Amino Z ... With 3 grams of clinically dosed D-Aspartic Acid, Amino Z D-Aspartic Acid Powder is the ideal testosterone, fertility, and mood ... Two phases of life - pre-aspartic acid and post-aspartic acid By Clair reviewed on 29/12/2017 ...

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Electron-transfer dissociation allows differentiation of isoaspartic acid and aspartic acid residues using the same c + 57 and ... Characterization of aspartic acid and beta-aspartic acid in peptides by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry and tandem mass ... Electron-transfer dissociation allows differentiation of isoaspartic acid and aspartic acid residues using the same c + 57 and ... Radkiewics, J. L.; Zipse, H.; Clarke, S.; Houk, K. N. Accelerated racemization of aspartic acid and asparigine residues via ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1016%2Fj.jasms.2005.08.019

Aspartic and glutamic acid-rich protein1 Publication. ,p>Manually curated information that is based on statements in scientific ... sp,B7W112,DQRP_ACRMI Aspartic and glutamic acid-rich protein OS=Acropora millepora OX=45264 PE=1 SV=1 ... Component of the acid-soluble organic matrix of the aragonitic skeleton (at protein level).1 Publication. ,p>Manually curated ... section describes the position of regions of compositional bias within the protein and the particular amino acids that are over ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B7W112

Structure of malonic acid-based inhibitors bound to human neutrophil collagenase. A new binding mode explains apparently ... MMP8 WITH MALONIC AND ASPARTIC ACID BASED INHIBITOR. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb1a86/pdb ...

http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/litView.do?structureId=1A86

What is aspartic acid? Meaning of aspartic acid as a legal term. What does aspartic acid mean in law? ... Definition of aspartic acid in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. ... Aspartic acid legal definition of aspartic acid https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aspartic+acid ... Amino acid CV, % Alanine 5.0 Arginine 6.8 Asparagine 8.6 Aspartic acid 7.4 Citrulline 8.8 Cystine 8.1 Glutamic acid 8.8 ...

https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aspartic+acid

Switchable Chiral Selection of Aspartic Acids by Dynamic States of Brushite. United States: N. p., Web. doi:10.1021/jacs. ... Here, we show the chiral recognition and separation of aspartic acid (Asp) enantiomers by achiral brushite due to the ... title = {Switchable Chiral Selection of Aspartic Acids by Dynamic States of Brushite},. author = {Jiang, Wenge and Pan, Haihua ... Switchable Chiral Selection of Aspartic Acids by Dynamic States of Brushite. United States. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b03116. ...

https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1390026-switchable-chiral-selection-aspartic-acids-dynamic-states-brushite

It was observed that, under these conditions, activation of the α-carboxylic acid of the intermediates led to near complete ... L-Aspartic acid building blocks bearing galactosyl moieties were used to synthesise glycolipid mimetics of variable hydrocarbon ... Amino acids that allow for side chain functionalization with glycosyl moieties, such as serine and aspartic acid, have been ... The carboxylic acid present on the aspartic acid side chain offers the possibility for attachment of mono or oligosaccharides, ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/17/10/11346/htm

However, peptides composed of D-amino acids are more stable in vivo than those composed of their L-equivalents. In this study, ... In hydroxyapatite binding assay, binding of 67Ga-DOTA-(D-Asp)n tended to increase with increasing length of the amino acid ... In this compound, L-aspartic acid is used as a composite component of the aspartic acid peptide linker. A D-aspartic acid ... In this study, no differences in the biodistributions between L-aspartic acid [67Ga-DOTA-(L-Asp)n] and D-aspartic acid [67Ga- ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-14149-7?error=cookies_not_supported&code=748b4030-575b-4523-8816-dc810ad4af05

D-Aspartic Acid, N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid and sodium-d-aspartate how they work. By MAxximal in forum Supplements ... 99% Pure N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid Pat,. What youre take on this product. Is there anything to it or just another gimmick? ... Not a gimmick, sodium d-aspartic acid or NMDA are both proven to raise free testosterone levels in health makes by 33-44%. ... Not a gimmick, sodium d-aspartic acid or NMDA are both proven to raise free testosterone levels in health makes by 33-44%. ...

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1 mCi quantities of L-[2,3-3H]-ASPARTIC ACID are available for your research. Application of L-[3H] Aspartic Acid can be found ... 1 mCi quantities of L-[2,3-3H]-ASPARTIC ACID are available for your research. ...

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ALANINE OR ARGININE OR ASPARTIC ACID OR GLUTAMIC ACID OR GLYCINE ... (18624) ALANINE OR ARGININE OR ASPARTIC ACID OR GLUTAMIC ... "acid"[All Fields]) OR "aspartic acid"[All Fields]) OR ("glutamic acid"[MeSH Terms] OR ("glutamic"[All Fields] AND "acid"[All ... Search: ALANINE OR ARGININE OR ASPARTIC ACID OR GLUTAMIC ACID OR GLYCINE OR HISTIDINE OR ISOLEUCINE OR LEUCINE OR LYSINE OR ... Search: ALANINE OR ARGININE OR ASPARTIC ACID OR GLUTAMIC ACID OR GLYCINE OR HISTIDINE OR ISOLEUCINE OR LEUCINE OR LYSINE OR ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501922/?term=ALANINE+OR+ARGININE+OR+ASPARTIC+ACID+OR+GLUTAMIC+ACID+OR+GLYCINE+OR+HISTIDINE+OR+ISOLEUCINE+OR+LEUCINE+OR+LYSINE+OR+METHIONINE+OR+PHENYLALANINE+OR+PROLINE+OR+SERINE+OR+THREONINE+OR+TRYPTOPHAN+OR+TYROSINE+OR+VALINE

L-Aspartic Acid. CAS# 56-84-8; MW 133.1; USP Grade; MF: C4H7NO4; Storage: 15-30 Degrees Celcius ...

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... which means that it is manufactured from other amino acids in the liver; it does not have to be obtained directly through the ... Aspartic acid is a nonessential amino acid, which means that it is manufactured from other amino acids in the liver; it does ... Aspartic acid is a nonessential amino acid, which means that it is manufactured from other amino acids in the liver; it does ... Aspartic acid is very important in the urea cycle for the proper elimination of waste products from dietary protein. Poor ...

http://www.springboard4health.com/notebook/proteins_aspartic.html

where to buy 56-84-8(L-Aspartic acid).Also offer free database of 56-84-8(L-Aspartic acid) including MSDS sheet(poisoning, ... Aspartic acid;(+)-Aspartic acid;Aspartic acid, L- (8CI);(S)-Aminobutanedioic acid;L-Aspartate;(S)-Aspartic acid;Aspartic acid, ... Product Name: L-Aspartic acid Synonyms: ASP;ASPARTIC(L-);ASPARTIC ACID;ASPARTIC ACID, L-;H-ASP-OH;FEMA 3656;H-L-ASP-OH;L-ALPHA- ... L-Aspartic acid Identification: Chemical Name: L-Aspartic acid Synonyms: L(+)-Aspartic acid; L-Aminosuccinic acid CAS No.: 56- ...

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Aspartic Acid*Calcium (Calcium Gluconate Monohydrate)*Chloride (Chromium Chloride Hexahydrate)*Chloride (Manganese Chloride ... Injectable; Injection; Alanine 1.44 g; Arginine 0.96 g; Aspartic Acid 0.96 g; Calcium (Calcium Gluconate Monohydrate) 4.2 g; ... Glutamic Acid*Glycine*Histidine*Iodine (Potassium Iodide)*Isoleucine*Leucine*Lysine*Magnesium (Magnesium Lactate Dihydrate)* ... Glutamic Acid 1.64 g; Glycine 0.48 g; Histidine 0.48 g; Iodine (Potassium Iodide) 0.01 mg; Isoleucine 0.72 g; Leucine 1.6 g; ...

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Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Completed Phase 3 Trials for Aspartic acid (DB00128). Back to Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia ...

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This novel sweetening agent is a 2-substituted acyl derivative of L-aspartic or L-glutamic acid and has the general formula ## ... so as to create two amide bonds at the alpha-amino and alpha-carboxyl groups of the L-aspartic acid or L-glutamic acid; and. if ... on the one hand L-aspartic acid or L-glutamic acid in which the beta- or gamma-carboxyl group, respectively, is protected if ... 14 compounds are derivatives of aspartic acid and only one is a derivative of glutamic acid. The sweetening potency (SP) of ...

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Aspartic acid, like glutamic acid, is classified as an acidic amino acid, with a pKa of 3.9, however in a peptide this is highly dependent on the local environment, and could be as high as 14. (wikipedia.org)
Asparagine is derived from aspartate via transamidation: -O2CCH(NH2)CH2CO2- + GC(O)NH3+ O2CCH(NH2)CH2CONH3+ + GC(O)O (where GC(O)NH2 and GC(O)OH are glutamine and glutamic acid, respectively) In the urea cycle, aspartate and ammonia donate amino groups leading to the formation of urea. (wikipedia.org)
Along with glutamic acid , it is classified as an acidic amino acid. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Aspartic acid behaves similarly to glutamic acid. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Ohtani S, Yamamoto K (1991) Age estimation by amino acid racemization in teeth - a comparison of aspartic acid with glutamic acid and alanine as indicators. (springer.com)
Daechon Kamakmen Bay Aspartic acid 16.5 (2.5) 18.5 (2.1) Glutamic acid 28.3 (7.7) 34.2 (6.8) Serine 13.2 (1.5) 10.1 (1.7) Glycine 69.0 (20.6) 42.8 (8.7) [beta]-Alanine 15.9 (3.3) 5.2 (0.1) Taurine 200.7 (48.3) 324.4 (45.1) L-Alanine 37.3 (11.0) 29.7 (7.2) T/G ratio 2.9 7.6 TOTAL 380.8 (91.9) 464.8 (60.6) TABLE 2. (thefreedictionary.com)
Amino acid CV, % Alanine 5.0 Arginine 6.8 Asparagine 8.6 Aspartic acid 7.4 Citrulline 8.8 Cystine 8.1 Glutamic acid 8.8 Glutamine 4.1 Glycine 5.2 Histidine 6.6 Isoleucine 9.0 Leucine 5.0 Lysine 4.0 Methionine 5.5 Ornithine 4.0 Phenylalanine 9.2 Proline 12.1 Serine 4.8 Taurine 7.3 Threonine 4.5 Tryptophan 9.8 Tyrosine 5.9 Valine 8.8 Table 3. (thefreedictionary.com)
Equal amount of aspartic acid and glutamic acid by weight were substituted for the graded amounts of methionine in the basal diet to maintain the isonitrogenous of the seven experimental diets. (thefreedictionary.com)
Here the conversion of glutamic acid (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp) was investigated. (rsc.org)
This novel sweetening agent is a 2-substituted acyl derivative of L-aspartic or L-glutamic acid and has the general formula ##STR1## R being an acyl group of the formula ##STR2## and R' being a group of the formula ##STR3## R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, X, Y and Z being variously defined. (patentgenius.com)
The present invention relates to a novel sweetening agentderived from L-aspartic or L-glutamic acid and to its method of preparation. (patentgenius.com)
Likely impurities are glutamic acid, cystine and asparagine. (chemicalbook.com)
L-Aspartic acid di-tert-butyl ester hydrochloride may be used in neurological comparison studies with structurally similar compounds such as L-Glutamic acid di-tert-butyl ester. (alfa.com)
Convulsant properties of L-glutamic acid di-tert butyl ester. (alfa.com)
The viruses recovered with 3Dpol genes with a methionine mutation also contained a second mutation at amino acid 108 resulting in a glutamic acid-to-aspartic acid change (3D-E-108 to 3D-D-108) in the poliovirus RNA polymerase. (asm.org)

the ionic form is known as aspartate), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Aspartic acid has an acidic side chain (CH2COOH) which reacts with other amino acids, enzymes and proteins in the body. (wikipedia.org)
The L-isomer of Asp is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Of these two forms, only one, "L-aspartic acid", is directly incorporated into proteins. (wikipedia.org)
a nonessential amino acid, C 4 H 7 NO 4 , produced by the hydrolysis of asparagine and proteins, found chiefly in young sugar cane and sugar-beet molasses, and used in the preparation of culture media and as a dietary supplement. (dictionary.com)
One of the nonessential amino acids that occur in proteins. (dictionary.com)
Aspartic acid, also called asparaginic acid and alpha-aminosuccinic acid, is an acidic, α- amino acid that is found in many proteins and is common in young sugar cane and sugar beets. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Most amino acids occur in two possible optical isomers, called D and L. The L amino acids represent the vast majority of amino acids found in proteins . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
L-aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid that is a functional component in many proteins. (purebulk.com)
ABSTRACT: Racemization of aspartic acid (Asp) residues in proteins plays an important role in the molecular biology of aging. (scirp.org)
Variant ASPN proteins are due to a microsatellite in the ASPN coding sequence that determines a variable number of aspartic acid (D) residues in the amino terminal region. (biomedcentral.com)
Aspartic acid helps transport minerals needed to form healthy RNA and DNA to the cells, and strengthens the immune system by promoting increased production of immunoglobulins and antibodies (immune system proteins). (nutriscienceusa.com)
Amino acids are multifaceted in the human body's function, as they form the building blocks of proteins, including hormones and neurotransmitters. (alphabolix.com)
L-aspartic acid occurs naturally in the body and is used to build proteins. (alphabolix.com)
On the other hand, D-aspartic acid isn't instrumental in building proteins- it functions in making and releasing hormones in the body. (alphabolix.com)
L-aspartic acid is the only form incorporated directly into proteins, while the biological role of D-aspartic acid is more limited. (aminoacidstudies.org)
It is an isomer of L-aspartic acid, which is one of the 23 amino acids that synthesize proteins in our body. (supplementinvestigator.com)
L-aspartic acid is produced both in nature and by our bodies, it is used to build proteins. (supplementinvestigator.com)
For example, L-aspartic acid is used by the body to build proteins. (adrianjamesnutrition.com)
L-Aspartic Acid can help the human body in the making of proteins. (fitnessgreed.com)

Supplementation of L-aspartic acid helps support energy metabolism, as well as helping assist the body in disposing of excess nitrogen. (purebulk.com)
Athletes and body builders may consider L-aspartic acid supplementation during their workout program. (purebulk.com)
You should not take D-Aspartic Acid if you have any prior medical condition, and should always consult your health practitioner before beginning any exercise or supplementation program. (supplementcentral.com)
Three and six grams supplementation of d-aspartic acid in resistance trained men. (mindandmuscle.net)
D-aspartic acid supplementation combined with 28 days of heavy resistance training has no effect on body composition, muscle strength, and serum hormones associated with the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in resistance-trained men. (mindandmuscle.net)
When combined with a healthy regimen of nutritional supplementation - especially folic acid, Vitamin D, Magnesium and Zinc, d-aspartate has produced a significant increase in testosterone levels that can initiate an extreme bodybuilding program. (testosteroneland.com)
While L-Aspartic is commonly found in many foods, DAA is is not present in sufficient quantities and therefore the only way to get full testosterone boosting benefits from this ingredient is by direct supplementation. (healthymale.co.uk)
D-Aspartic acid is one of the few sorts supplements that has actually been clinically tested, tried and approved - it makes an excellent addition to any body builders daily supplementation. (healthymale.co.uk)
One study looked at the effects of D-aspartic acid supplementation on healthy adult males. (adrianjamesnutrition.com)
D-Aspartic Acid supplementation is ideal for individuals with a goal of increasing strength and lean muscle mass. (australianmuscle.com.au)

The lower resolution of the ion trap instrument makes detection of the aspartic acid residue's diagnostic peak difficult because of interference with side-chain fragment ions from arginine residues, but the aspartic acid residues are still clearly observed in the backbone cleavages and can be inferred from the absence of the isoaspartic acid diagnostic ions. (springer.com)
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness and safety of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide matrix in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. (diabetesjournals.org)
However, whether this is due to aspartic acid, arginine (also an amino acid), or the mineral, is not clear. (loveysmarket.com)
The aspartic acid plays a very vital role in the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, in which it involved in the formation of other biochemical and amino acids like asparagine , methionine, isoleucine and arginine, threonine, lysine , are synthesized. (byjus.com)

The biosynthesis of aspartate is facilitated by an aminotransferase enzyme: the transfer of an amine group from another molecule such as alanine or glutamine yields aspartate and an alpha-keto acid. (wikipedia.org)
Gluconeogenesis is the generation of glucose from non-sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids (primarily alanine and glutamine ). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
However, in the reference R0 min group, the mean CV was greater than 10% for aspartic acid , [alpha]-amino adipic acid, alanine and lysine. (thefreedictionary.com)

Where enzymatic synthesis will produce one or the other, most chemical syntheses will produce both forms, "DL-aspartic acid", known as a racemic mixture. (wikipedia.org)
In humans, the L-isomer, which is the only form that is involved in protein synthesis, is one of the 20 standard amino acids required for normal functioning. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
As the name "proteinogenic" (literally, protein building) suggests, these amino acid are encoded by the standard genetic code and participate in the process of protein synthesis. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In aspartic acid, only the L-stereoisomer is involved in protein synthesis. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Amino acids are potential substrates to replace fossil feedstocks for the synthesis of nitriles via oxidative decarboxylation using vanadium chloroperoxidase (VCPO), H 2 O 2 and bromide. (rsc.org)
Aminosyn II, Sulfite-Free, (an amino acid injection) provides crystalline amino acids to promote protein synthesis and wound healing, and to reduce the rate of endogenous protein catabolism. (nih.gov)
The role and molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and rats. (discount-supplements.co.uk)
Aspartic acid is an acidic amino acid that is used by humans as a building block for protein synthesis. (loveysmarket.com)
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Enantiopure β-Amino-γ-hydroxy Acids and γ-Amino-δ-hydroxy Acids. (growkudos.com)
This amino acid also regulates the synthesis and release of growth hormone (GH). (aminoacidstudies.org)
2009, "The role and molecular mechanism of D-Aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and rats", Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1-11. (bulknutrients.co.nz)

According to a small study of 24 participants published in April 2015 in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition participants who took 6 grams of d-aspartic acid saw a reduction in their total testosterone and free testosterone levels. (livestrong.com)
In their study, the overweight men took 3 grams of d-aspartic acid for 28 days. (livestrong.com)
For example, the same study published in October 2012 in Advances in Sexual Medicine looking at fertility issues found that of their 30 participants taking 3 grams of d-aspartic acid for 90 days reported no side effects. (livestrong.com)
It features 3 grams of D-Aspartic Acid per serving, which is an industry leading, scientifically verified dosage. (aminoz.com.au)
The study concluded that "a daily dose of six grams of d-aspartic acid decreased levels of total testosterone and free testosterone (D6), without any concurrent change in other hormones measured. (alphabolix.com)
Three grams of d-aspartic acid had no significant effect on either testosterone markers. (alphabolix.com)
In another study, the effects of ingesting 2.6 grams of D-aspartic acid daily for 90 days were examined, with in-depth blood testing to determine any side effects to the supplement. (alphabolix.com)

Many athletes turn to D-aspartic acid bodybuilding supplements to help them build more muscle. (livestrong.com)
According to the University of Rochester Medical Center , taking amino acid supplements can lead to some side effects. (livestrong.com)
D-Aspartic Acid was all the rage in supplements a few years ago and it's sadly fallen off the map even though the right form of it absolutely boosts testosterone. (mindandmuscle.net)
As usual, there are so many "hacks" in the sports nutrition industry and of course people just read the headline "D-Aspartic Acid" and started making supplements. (mindandmuscle.net)
What that means is that 99% of the D-Aspartic Acid supplements on the market don't work and that you are wasting your time and your money taking DAA supplements that don't contain either Sodium D-Aspartate or Calcium D-Aspartate. (mindandmuscle.net)
People can purchase D-aspartic acid supplements online. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Aspartic acid is also useful in culture media, detergents, dietary supplements, germicides and fungicides. (byjus.com)
In the conditions of body stress, like other non-essential amino acids, the extra dose of aspartic acid will be helpful which generally provided by protein supplements often marketed as energy boosters. (byjus.com)
One standard method to increasing this hormone production is the use of supplements alleged to boost testosterone, and these products often have amino acid D-aspartic acid (DAA). (alphabolix.com)
This explains why D-aspartic acid commonly features in testosterone-boosting supplements (5Trusted Source). (alphabolix.com)
Furthermore this amino acid is often a component of dietary supplements. (aminoacidstudies.org)
Used in many testosterone boosting supplements, D Aspartic Acid can improve the ability to build muscle. (bulknutrients.co.nz)
D Aspartic Acid is an essential amino acid that's a key ingredient in Bulk Nutrients' Test Max and is used in various testosterone boosting anti-estrogen supplements. (bulknutrients.co.nz)
If you're familiar with the world of sports nutrition supplements , then you'll know all about amino acids. (adrianjamesnutrition.com)
In 2017, researchers looked at the results of 23 studies performed on men taking D-aspartic acid supplements. (adrianjamesnutrition.com)
Supplements based on D-aspartic acid DAA are used by athletes mainly as a testosterone booster. (bodyshock.pro)
Supplements rich in d-aspartic acid increase strength and muscle mass. (bodyshock.pro)

Aspartic acid was first discovered in 1827 by Auguste-Arthur Plisson and Étienne Ossian Henry by hydrolysis of asparagine, which had been isolated from asparagus juice in 1806. (wikipedia.org)
It is closely related to the amino acid asparagine . (newworldencyclopedia.org)

The body can produce DAA from the nonessential amino acid L-aspartic acid (the dietary form of aspartic acid). (supplementcentral.com)
The neutral form of aspartic acid is dominant between pH 1.88 and 3.65, thus the isoelectric point is halfway between these two values, i.e. 1/2 (pKa1 + pKa3), so isoelectric point will be 2.77. (byjus.com)
D Aspartic Acid is a form of Aspartic Acid and the short form of its name is DAA, which is an amino acid. (fitnessgreed.com)

D-Aspartic Acid (DAA) is the newest natural testosterone booster on the market. (supplementcentral.com)
D Aspartic Acid er amínósýra sem er afar vinsæl í testosterone booster blöndum. (hreysti.is)
D-Aspartic Acid is a Natural Testosterone Booster manufactured by AI Sports Nutrition . (supplementreviews.com)
D-Aspartic Acid is the reverse, or 'right-hand' form of a common amino acid, Aspartic Acid, and may be the most effective testosterone booster available to the athlete. (adrenalinehq.com.au)
D-Aspartic Acid is one of the most common ingredients of a testosterone booster supplement, we have seen this in our many reviews that it is almost present in 80% of boosters that we reviewed. (fitnessgreed.com)

The N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor dysfunction in the brain of aged animals has been shown. (news-medical.net)
Aspartate (the conjugate base of aspartic acid) stimulates NMDA receptors, though not as strongly as the amino acid neurotransmitter L-glutamate does. (wikipedia.org)
New rodent findings show that PFC neuron N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors are especially sensitive to concentrations of alcohol achieved during drinking. (news-medical.net)

AllMax D Aspartic Acid 32 serv. (proteinemag.ro)
Allmax D-Aspartic Acid 32 serv vine în atenția dumneavoastră sub formă de pulbere liberă. (proteinemag.ro)
Allmax D-Aspartic Acid 32 serv este recomandat pentru toți bărbații care știu ce rezultate vor să obțină. (proteinemag.ro)
Dimensiune de servire: (1 linguriță) 3,12 g de Allmax D-Aspartic Acid 32 serv pe recipient. (proteinemag.ro)

Houk, K. N. Accelerated racemization of aspartic acid and asparigine residues via succinimide intermediates: An ab initio theoretical exploration of mechanism. (springer.com)
Ohtani S, Yamamoto K (1987) Age estimation using the racemization of aspartic acid on human dentine. (springer.com)

Electron-transfer dissociation allows differentiation of isoaspartic acid and aspartic acid residues using the same c + 57 and z − 57 peaks that were previously observed with electron capture dissociation. (springer.com)
These peaks clearly define both the presence and the position of isoaspartic acid residues and they are relatively abundant. (springer.com)
Takahashi, O. and Oda, A. (2012) Amide-iminol tautomerization of the C-terminal peptide groups of aspartic acid residues. (scirp.org)
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors contain a region encompassing the second and third transmembrane domains that is rich in conserved aspartic acid residues. (aspetjournals.org)
Alleles of this microsatellite determine the variable number of aspartic acid residues in the amino-terminal end of the asporin protein. (biomedcentral.com)
The OA-associated allele, with 14 aspartic acid residues, inhibits the anabolic effects of transforming growth factor beta more strongly than other asporin alleles, leading to increased OA liability. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results, together with reports from the United Kingdom and Greece, indicate that the stretch of aspartic acid residues in asporin is not an important factor in OA susceptibility among European Caucasians. (biomedcentral.com)

Does D-Aspartic Acid Boost Testosterone? (mindandmuscle.net)
D-aspartic acid has been hyped for its ability to help boost testosterone levels and improve recovery. (swansonvitamins.com)

Takao, T. Characterization of aspartic acid and beta-aspartic acid in peptides by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. (springer.com)
Ohtani S, Yamamoto K (1990) Estimating age through the amino acid racemization of acid-soluble dentinal peptides. (springer.com)
However, peptides composed of D-amino acids are more stable in vivo than those composed of their L-equivalents. (nature.com)

L-aspartic acid is a metabolite in the citric acid cycle, the urea cycle, as well as participating in gluconeogenesis. (purebulk.com)
This non-essential amino acid has an important role in the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle. (aminoacidstudies.org)

In plants and microorganisms, aspartate is the precursor to several amino acids, including four that are essential for humans: methionine, threonine, isoleucine, and lysine. (wikipedia.org)

Racemic aspartic acid can be synthesized from diethyl sodium phthalimidomalonate, (C6H4(CO)2NC(CO2Et)2). (wikipedia.org)
Racemic aspartic acid (equal amounts of left- and right-handed stereoisomers) can be synthesized from diethyl sodium phthalimidomalonate, (C 6 H 4 (CO) 2 NC(CO 2 Et) 2 ) (Dunn and Smart 1963). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
DL-Aspartic acid (DL-Asp) is a racemic mixture of the proteinogenic amino acid L-aspartate and the non-proteinogenic amino acid D-aspartate. (chemicalbook.com)
D Acidul aspartic este un izomer racemic al acidului L aspartic mai obișnuit. (proteinemag.ro)

This means that your body produces an adequate amount of it without a need to supplement or get the amino acid from food sources. (livestrong.com)
Clinically dosed with pharmaceutical grade D-Aspartic Acid powder, this Amino Z supplement may be able to help promote natural testosterone production and fitness goals. (aminoz.com.au)
Amino Z D-Aspartic Acid Powder is an elite quality supplement, proudly made in Australia. (aminoz.com.au)
In this unflavored DAA supplement from Primaforce, 3,000 mg of D-aspartic acid is delivered to the body per serving. (swansonvitamins.com)
D- Aspartic Acid is relatively new to the ever evolving supplement world. (discount-supplements.co.uk)
D-Aspartic acid is also present in the testes which is utilised by the body to further stimulate testosterone production, meaning D-aspartic acid could be a very useful accompaniment to your supplement regime (Kreider, Wilborb, Campbell, 2010). (discount-supplements.co.uk)
D-Aspartic acid is a supplement which is also known as DAA. (tribulusblog.com)
testosterone boosting products, one product that has hit the headlines recently is Testo Fuel - a natural based supplement that includes powerful doses of both Vitamin D (5000 iu) and D-Aspartic Acid (2300mg) as part of its daily formula. (healthymale.co.uk)
D Aspartic Acid can be an effective supplement for building muscle in males . (bulknutrients.co.nz)
We mention the benefits of each ingredient present in any supplement but today we are discussing D-Aspartic Acid Benefits in brief and in explain as well. (fitnessgreed.com)

And it is important to be in testosterone boosters because D-Aspartic Acid has so many health benefits and that is the reason for making this post of D-Aspartic Acid Benefits. (fitnessgreed.com)
And that is the one of the biggest reasons for having D Aspartic Acid in their testosterone boosters. (fitnessgreed.com)

Amino acids that allow for side chain functionalization with glycosyl moieties, such as serine and aspartic acid, have been popular choices as the starting point for the preparation of glycolipid analogues [ 8 , 9 ]. (mdpi.com)
To further investigate this possibility, we have constructed a series of constructs in which the poliovirus RNA polymerases contained a mutation at amino acid 108 (3D-E-108 to 3D-D-108) as well as a mutation in which the tyrosine amino acid (3D-Y-326) was substituted with cysteine (3D-C-326) or serine (3D-S-326). (asm.org)

According to a study in the International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine , D-Aspartic acid increases testosterone levels in some animals. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Although there has been no consensus on the exact molecular mechanism by which D-Aspartic acid increases testosterone levels, studies strongly suggest that this particular acid contains testosterone-boosting properties. (testosteroneland.com)
D-aspartic acid is an effective libido enhancer, increases testosterone levels and LH luteinizing hormone. (bodyshock.pro)

Aspartic acid, also called asparaginic acid, is one of the nonessential amino acids . (northside.com)
But humans can produce D Aspartic Acid inside their bodies naturally and that is the reason it comes under nonessential amino acids. (fitnessgreed.com)

Know that there is no safe upper limit or even recommended dosage for d-aspartic acid. (livestrong.com)
The abovementioned 40% increase in testosterone was seen after the ingestion of 3g of D-aspartic acid, leading to many companies setting the ideal dosage recommendation at 3g per day. (discount-supplements.co.uk)
Offered in a convenient dosage, D Aspartic Acid Capsules remove the unpleasant taste of the raw powder. (bulknutrients.com.au)

Welcome to the nutritional aspartic acid content in 6 different types of salad, ranging from 0.732 g to 0.137 g per 100g. (dietandfitnesstoday.com)
The basic type of salad is Fast foods, salad, vegetable, tossed, without dressing , where the amount of aspartic acid in 100g is 0.137 g. (dietandfitnesstoday.com)
Below is a summary list for the top five salad items ranked by the amount or level of aspartic acid in 100g. (dietandfitnesstoday.com)
The nutritional content and facts for 100g, which includes Calories, Protein, Fat and Carbohydrate is shown in the RDA chart below as percentages of the recommended daily allowance along with the aspartic acid levels in salad. (dietandfitnesstoday.com)

100% pure Sodium D-Aspartic Acid. (adrenalinehq.com.au)
In this study , 23 men were given sodium D-aspartic acid daily for 12 days, and another group of 20 men was given a placebo. (supplementinvestigator.com)
In the animal study, a group of 10 rats were given either sodium D-aspartic acid or a placebo for 12 days. (supplementinvestigator.com)

Aspartic acid is important for the production of immunoglobulins and antibodies. (aminoacidstudies.org)

You need Amino Z D-Aspartic Acid Powder. (aminoz.com.au)
What are the Benefits of Using Amino Z D-Aspartic Acid Powder? (aminoz.com.au)
Who Should Use Amino Z D-Aspartic Acid Powder? (aminoz.com.au)
When to take 100% D-Aspartic Acid Powder? (myprotein.com)
What does 100% D-Aspartic Acid Powder work well with? (myprotein.com)
GEN-TEC NUTRACEUTICALS source, blend and package 100% pure pharmaceutical grade D-Aspartic Acid powder. (australianmuscle.com.au)

D-Aspartate is one of two D-amino acids commonly found in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Because aspartate can be synthesized by the body it is classified as a non-essential amino acid. (wikipedia.org)
The conversion of aspartate to these other amino acids begins with reduction of aspartate to its "semialdehyde", O2CCH(NH2)CH2CHO. (wikipedia.org)
It carries reducing equivalents in the malate-aspartate shuttle, which utilizes the ready interconversion of aspartate and oxaloacetate, which is the oxidized (dehydrogenated) derivative of malic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Aspartic acid has been used as mineral salts such as magnesium aspartate or potassium aspartate to help improve energy production in exercising muscles. (springboard4health.com)
Glutamate and aspartate are also very important in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Kreb's cycle), from which most of the energy is produced by metabolism. (springboard4health.com)
The studies that show an increase in testosterone use the D-Aspartate form and the studies that show no activity use the Acid subtype. (mindandmuscle.net)
Thus, you can see why so many people were disappointed using the D-Aspartic Acid products and ones that took D-Aspartate had great results. (mindandmuscle.net)
Morphine, fentanyl and pethidine exhibited a biphasic dose response relationship with respect to their effects on seizure thresholds to bicuculline, pentylenetetrazole, N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMDLA) and kainic acid in mice. (nih.gov)
This ligand entry also represents L-aspartate ( CHEBI:29993 ), the carboxylate anion and salt form of the acid. (guidetopharmacology.org)
An aspartate is any salt of aspartic acid. (loveysmarket.com)
Human studies using aspartic acid alone are needed in order to determine whether its effectiveness is due to the aspartate or the mineral or amino acid to which it is bonded. (loveysmarket.com)
Aspartic acid, also known as L-aspartate, is a non-essential amino acid, which is used to promote a robust metabolism. (nutriscienceusa.com)
L-aspartic acid is often referred to as L-aspartate, or simply aspartic acid. (aminoacidstudies.org)

Aspartic acid is a natural dibasic amino acid with two carboxyl groups (one on alpha carbon atom and another in side chain) and also called as amino succinic acid. (byjus.com)

They are called proteinogenic amino acids. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

D- Aspartic Acid is an endogenous amino acid, meaning it is made within the body placing it in the 'non-essential' amino acid category. (discount-supplements.co.uk)
D-Aspartic acid: an endogenous amino acid with an important neuroendocrine role. (discount-supplements.co.uk)
D-Aspartic acid is a naturally occurring, endogenous amino acid that is found in nervous and endocrine tissues of the human body. (bulknutrients.com.au)

Amino acids occur naturally within protein which helps to build and repair new muscle 1 - important whatever your activity and fitness goals. (myprotein.com)
Deficiencies of a nonessential amino acid will not occur if a well-balanced diet is consumed because the intake of proper foods will allow the body to produce exactly the amount of amino acid required to function optimally. (springboard4health.com)
Almost all amino acids occur in two distinct forms. (alphabolix.com)
Each amino acid can occur in two forms. (supplementinvestigator.com)

Carbamoyl aspartic acid (or ureidosuccinic acid) is a carbamate derivative, serving as an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)

An amino acid involved in many fundamental biochemical processes, L-aspartic acid is a key player in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the fuel that powers every cell in the human body. (swansonvitamins.com)
During this process the body synthesises biochemical components and other amino acids . (aminoacidstudies.org)

Aspartates are salts of aspartic acid that include potassium and magnesium aspartates. (loveysmarket.com)
Additionally there is an association between low levels of this amino acid and deficiencies in magnesium and calcium. (aminoacidstudies.org)

Also called aminosuccinic acid . (dictionary.com)

C 4 H 7 NO 4 A nonessential, crystalline dicarboxylic amino acid found in plants and animals, especially in molasses from young sugarcane and sugarbeet. (thefreedictionary.com)
Hence aspartic acid is dicarboxylic amino acids. (byjus.com)

Previous studies from this laboratory have used oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis to substitute the tyrosine amino acid at this motif with other amino acids (S. A. Jablonski and C. D. Morrow, J. Virol. (asm.org)

The United States L-aspartic acid Industry 2016 Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the L-aspartic acid industry. (bigmarketresearch.com)

To study the feasibility of Leucine-Aspartic Acid-Valine (LDV) as targeting ligand and drug carrier for targeted delivery to integrin α 4 β 1 over-expressing cancer cells. (springer.com)
Poly(L,D,V) was randomly copolymerized using N-carboxyanhydrides of leucine, β-benzyl-aspartic acid, and valine. (springer.com)

Studies have shown that this amino acid is very effective in regulating and increase free testosterone levels. (testosteroneland.com)

Injection: 20% (0.2 grams/mL), 20 grams of amino acids per 100 mL in 2000 mL flexible containers. (nih.gov)

ProName: L-Aspartic acid CasNo: 56-84-8 Molecular Formula: C4H7NO4 Appearance: white crystal or white crystalline pow. (lookchem.com)
The IUPAC name of aspartic acid is 2-Aminobutanoic acid with the molecular formula HOOCCH (NH 2 )CH 2 COOH. (byjus.com)

Aspartic acid also is a metabolite (intermediates and products of metabolism ) in the urea cycle and participates in gluconeogenesis. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Aspartic acid is very important in the urea cycle for the proper elimination of waste products from dietary protein. (springboard4health.com)

A study by Topo, Soricelli, and D'Aniello, (2009) demonstrated a 40% increase in testosterone production as a result of D-aspartic acid consumption. (discount-supplements.co.uk)
Each study examines whether (and how) D-Aspartic acid leads to an increase in testosterone levels and analyzes the flow-on effects as a result. (testosteroneland.com)

Aspartic acid is an amino acid which contains an acidic side chain and is considered to be non-essential. (supplementreviews.com)

Here, site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and enzyme kinetic studies have been used to confirm the role of residue D221 as the catalytic acid. (hud.ac.uk)

This amino acid plays an important role in regulating the production and release of certain hormones. (aminoacidstudies.org)
D-aspartic can increase the release of hormones in the brain that can, in turn, lead to testosterone production. (supplementinvestigator.com)
Not only that, but amino acids are also essential for the production of neurotransmitters (the chemical messages sent to and from our brains) and certain hormones. (adrianjamesnutrition.com)
Its mirror image D-aspartic acid is used to manufacture and release hormones. (adrianjamesnutrition.com)
But we are discussing D-Aspartic Acid, this amino acid cannot help in the making of protein instead it helps the body in releasing other hormones. (fitnessgreed.com)

Some people, such as weight lifters and body builders, take supplemental amounts of d-aspartic acid in order to help build muscle mass. (livestrong.com)
An amino acid known for enhancing the blood testosterone level, D-Aspartic acid contains properties that improve muscle strength, increases lean body mass and boosts energy levels. (testosteroneland.com)
Amino acids are the 'building blocks' of protein, and we need protein to help build lean muscle mass and for energy. (adrianjamesnutrition.com)
That said, if we're training and exercising hard, then we can benefit from additional amino acids, of both kinds since they're so beneficial for energy production and layering on lean muscle mass. (adrianjamesnutrition.com)
One of the key amino acids when it comes to gaining muscle and boosting testosterone levels is D-Aspartic Acid. (testofuel.com)
Branched Chain Amino Acid Capsules can help with muscle growth and recovery in a handy capsulated form. (bulknutrients.com.au)
D-Aspartic Acid have shown more effective training results, muscle gain and strength. (bodyshock.pro)

Like all other amino acids, it contains an amino group and a carboxylic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Its α-amino group is in the protonated -NH+ 3 form under physiological conditions, while its α-carboxylic acid group is deprotonated −COO− under physiological conditions. (wikipedia.org)
It was observed that, under these conditions, activation of the α-carboxylic acid of the intermediates led to near complete racemisation of the chiral centre if the reaction was carried out in the presence of a base such as triethylamine. (mdpi.com)
The carboxylic acid present on the aspartic acid side chain offers the possibility for attachment of mono or oligosaccharides, while both the amino and carboxylic acid groups at the α-carbon allow for further functionalization. (mdpi.com)
In this study, l-phenylalanine and l-aspartic acid were used to synthesize poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) with pendant carboxylic acid groups through an interfacial polycondensation approach. (sigmaaldrich.com)
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and immunofluorescence demonstrated the conjugation of transforming growth factor-β1 to the surface of the functional PEA through the pendant carboxylic acid groups. (sigmaaldrich.com)

D-Aspartic Acid is also available in single 120 Capsule containers . (bulknutrients.co.nz)

Anatomy9

Organisms14

Chemicals and Drugs123

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Phenomena and Processes60

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Health Care2

Activation of c-Abl tyrosine kinase requires caspase activation and is not involved in JNK/SAPK activation during apoptosis of human monocytic leukemia U937 cells. (1/4935)

Hemoglobin Providence. A human hemoglobin variant occurring in two forms in vivo. (2/4935)

N-Acetylaspartate distribution in rat brain striatum during acute brain ischemia. (3/4935)

Distinct sensitivities of OmpF and PhoE porins to charged modulators. (4/4935)

His ... Asp catalytic dyad of ribonuclease A: histidine pKa values in the wild-type, D121N, and D121A enzymes. (5/4935)

Chemotactic responses of Escherichia coli to small jumps of photoreleased L-aspartate. (6/4935)

D-Aspartate stimulation of testosterone synthesis in rat Leydig cells. (7/4935)

Deamidation and isoaspartate formation in smeared tau in paired helical filaments. Unusual properties of the microtubule-binding domain of tau. (8/4935)

Aspartic Acid

Aspartic Acid Proteases

Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases

Amino Acid Sequence

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acids

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

Asparagine

Pepstatins

Binding Sites

Mutation

Amino Acid Substitution

Isoaspartic Acid

Base Sequence

Cathepsin E

Glutamates

Pepsin A

Models, Molecular

Structure-Activity Relationship

Kinetics

Histidine

Protein Conformation

Substrate Specificity

Recombinant Proteins

Escherichia coli

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Serine

Glycine

Cloning, Molecular

Alanine

Peptides

Point Mutation

Catalysis

Aspartate-tRNA Ligase

Cathepsin D

Endopeptidases

Glutamic Acid

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Peptide Fragments

Sequence Alignment

Protein Binding

Protein Structure, Secondary

Threonine

Protease Inhibitors

Oligopeptides

Cell Line

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase

Carbohydrates

Conserved Sequence

Molecular Weight

Curriculum

Forensic Sciences

Hydrolysis

Phosphorylation

Keratin-2

Plasmids

Chromatography, Paper

Lysine

Bacterial Proteins

Mutation, Missense

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

DNA Primers

Chemistry

Transfection

Radiometric Dating

Arginine

Proline

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Homoserine Dehydrogenase

Hydrogen Bonding

Rhizome

Chymosin

Crystallography, X-Ray

Chromatography, Gel

Enzyme Precursors

Mutagenesis

Protein Processing, Post-Translational

Ketosteroids