Aspartic acid. Medical search

One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.

A subclass of peptide hydrolases that depend on an ASPARTIC ACID residue for their activity.

A sub-subclass of endopeptidases that depend on an ASPARTIC ACID residue for their activity.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)

N-acylated oligopeptides isolated from culture filtrates of Actinomycetes, which act specifically to inhibit acid proteases such as pepsin and renin.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

An ASPARTIC ACID residue in polypeptide chains that is linked at the beta-carboxyl group instead of at the normal, alpha-carboxyl group, polypeptide linkage. It is a result of the spontaneous decomposition of aspartic acid or ASPARAGINE residues.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

An aspartic endopeptidase that is similar in structure to CATHEPSIN D. It is found primarily in the cells of the immune system where it may play a role in processing of CELL SURFACE ANTIGENS.

Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.

Formed from pig pepsinogen by cleavage of one peptide bond. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain and is inhibited by methyl 2-diaazoacetamidohexanoate. It cleaves peptides preferentially at the carbonyl linkages of phenylalanine or leucine and acts as the principal digestive enzyme of gastric juice.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.

A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

An enzyme that activates aspartic acid with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.12.

An intracellular proteinase found in a variety of tissue. It has specificity similar to but narrower than that of pepsin A. The enzyme is involved in catabolism of cartilage and connective tissue. EC 3.4.23.5. (Formerly EC 3.4.4.23).

A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde, orthophosphate, and NADP+ to yield L-4-aspartyl phosphate and NADPH. EC 1.2.1.11.

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

Disciplines that apply sciences to law. Forensic sciences include a wide range of disciplines, such as FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY; FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY; FORENSIC MEDICINE; FORENSIC DENTISTRY; and others.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A type II keratin found expressed in the upper spinous layer of epidermal KERATINOCYTES. Mutations in genes that encode keratin-2A have been associated with ICHTHYOSIS BULLOSA OF SIEMENS.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds are separated on an adsorbent paper (stationary phase) by their varied degree of solubility/mobility in the eluting solvent (mobile phase).

An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A mutation in which a codon is mutated to one directing the incorporation of a different amino acid. This substitution may result in an inactive or unstable product. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, King & Stansfield, 5th ed)

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain.

An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.

A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of aspartic beta-semialdehyde to homoserine, which is the branch point in biosynthesis of methionine, lysine, threonine and leucine from aspartic acid. EC 1.1.1.3.

A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Physiologically inactive substances that can be converted to active enzymes.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

Steroid derivatives formed by oxidation of a methyl group on the side chain or a methylene group in the ring skeleton to form a ketone.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.

ENDOPEPTIDASES which have a cysteine involved in the catalytic process. This group of enzymes is inactivated by CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS such as CYSTATINS and SULFHYDRYL REAGENTS.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Proenzymes secreted by chief cells, mucous neck cells, and pyloric gland cells, which are converted into pepsin in the presence of gastric acid or pepsin itself. (Dorland, 28th ed) In humans there are 2 related pepsinogen systems: PEPSINOGEN A (formerly pepsinogen I or pepsinogen) and PEPSINOGEN C (formerly pepsinogen II or progastricsin). Pepsinogen B is the name of a pepsinogen from pigs.

Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.

An electrochemical process in which macromolecules or colloidal particles with a net electric charge migrate in a solution under the influence of an electric current.

A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Organic compounds that contain the (-NH2OH) radical.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.

A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying aspartic acid to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.

Rhodopsins found in the PURPLE MEMBRANE of halophilic archaea such as HALOBACTERIUM HALOBIUM. Bacteriorhodopsins function as an energy transducers, converting light energy into electrochemical energy via PROTON PUMPS.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of aspartic acid to ammonia and fumaric acid in plants and some microorganisms. EC 4.3.1.1.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of beta-aspartyl phosphate from aspartic acid and ATP. Threonine serves as an allosteric regulator of this enzyme to control the biosynthetic pathway from aspartic acid to threonine. EC 2.7.2.4.

A genus of BACILLACEAE that are spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. Most species are saprophytic soil forms with only a few species being pathogenic.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

The chemical processes, enzymatic activities, and pathways of living things and related temporal, dimensional, qualitative, and quantitative concepts.

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.

A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.

A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mucoraceae, order Mucorales. It is primarily saprophytic, but may cause MUCORMYCOSIS in man from spores germinating in the lungs.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Transmembrane proteins that form the beta subunits of the HLA-DQ antigens.

A genus of HALOBACTERIACEAE whose growth requires a high concentration of salt. Binary fission is by constriction.

A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.

An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

A group of lysosomal proteinases or endopeptidases found in aqueous extracts of a variety of animal tissues. They function optimally within an acidic pH range. The cathepsins occur as a variety of enzyme subtypes including SERINE PROTEASES; ASPARTIC PROTEINASES; and CYSTEINE PROTEASES.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Streptomyces griseus.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)

An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.

The study of the composition, chemical structures, and chemical reactions of living things.

Proteins produced from GENES that have acquired MUTATIONS.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Hemoglobins characterized by structural alterations within the molecule. The alteration can be either absence, addition or substitution of one or more amino acids in the globin part of the molecule at selected positions in the polypeptide chains.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The accumulation of an electric charge on a object

A class of enzymes that transfers substituted phosphate groups. EC 2.7.8.

Enzymes that catalyze the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond leading to unsaturated products via the removal of water. EC 4.2.1.

A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mucoraceae, order MUCORALES, a common saprophyte and facultative parasite of mature fruits and vegetables. It may cause cerebral mycoses in diabetes and cutaneous infection in severely burned patients.

Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID that contain one or more amino groups attached to the aliphatic structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobutryrate structure.

A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.

A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.

A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

Derivatives of SUCCINIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,4-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure.

A multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), its fragmentation and analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Metschnikowiaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. Its antifungal activity is used to inhibit postharvest decay of fruit.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)

A group of the D-related HLA antigens found to differ from the DR antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight.

Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl-, phospho-, amino- or other groups from one position within a molecule to another. EC 5.4.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

The physical phenomena describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum.

A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Carica papaya. It is also the name used for a purified mixture of papain and CHYMOPAPAIN that is used as a topical enzymatic debriding agent. EC 3.4.22.2.

The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and processes.

An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

A genus of owlet moths of the family Noctuidae. These insects are used in molecular biology studies during all stages of their life cycle.

The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.

An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.

Activation of c-Abl tyrosine kinase requires caspase activation and is not involved in JNK/SAPK activation during apoptosis of human monocytic leukemia U937 cells. (1/4935)

Genotoxic stress triggers the activation of several sensor molecules, such as p53, JNK1/SAPK and c-Abl, and occasionally promotes the cells to apoptosis. We previously reported that JNK1/SAPK regulates genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis in p53-negative U937 cells by activating caspases. c-Abl is expected to act upstream of JNK1/SAPK activation upon treatment with genotoxic stressors, but its involvement in apoptosis development is still unclear. We herein investigated the kinase activities of c-Abl and JNK1/SAPK during apoptosis elicited by genotoxic anticancer drugs and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in U937 cells and their apoptosis-resistant variant UK711 cells. We found that the activation of JNK1/SAPK and c-Abl correlated well with apoptosis development in these cell lines. Unexpectedly, however, the JNK1/SAPK activation preceded the c-Abl activation. Moreover, the caspase inhibitor Z-Asp suppressed c-Abl activation and the onset of apoptosis but not the JNK1/SAPK activation. Interestingly, c-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibition by CGP 57148 reduced apoptosis without interfering with JNK1/SAPK activation. These results indicate that c-Abl acts not upstream of JNK1/ SAPK but downstream of caspases during the development of p53-independent apoptosis and is possibly involved in accelerating execution of the cell death pathway. (+info)

Hemoglobin Providence. A human hemoglobin variant occurring in two forms in vivo. (2/4935)

Hemoglobin Providence Asn and Hemoglobin Providence Asp are two abnormal hemoglobins which apparently arise from a single genetic change that substitutes asparagine for lysine at position 82 (EF6) in the beta chain of human hemoglobin. The second form appears to be thr result of a partial in vivo deamidation of the asparagine situated at position beta 82. Cellulose acetate and citrate agar electrophoresis of hemolysates from patients with this abnormality shows three bands. Globin chain electrophoresis at acid and alkaline pH shows three beta chains. These three chains correspond to the normal beta A chain and two abnormal beta chains. Sequence analysis indicates that the two abnormal chains differ from beta A at only position beta 82. In the two abnormal chains, the residue which is normally lysine is substituted either by asparagine or by aspartic acid. These substitutions are notable because beta 82 lysine is one of the residues involved in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate binding. Additionally, beta 82 lysine is typically invariant in hemoglobin beta chain sequences. Sequence data on the two forms of Hemoglobin Providence are given in this paper. The functional properties of these two forms are described in the next paper. (+info)

N-Acetylaspartate distribution in rat brain striatum during acute brain ischemia. (3/4935)

Brain N-acetylaspartate (NAA) can be quantified by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and is used in clinical settings as a marker of neuronal density. It is, however, uncertain whether the change in brain NAA content in acute stroke is reliably measured by 1H-MRS and how NAA is distributed within the ischemic area. Rats were exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion. Preischemic values of [NAA] in striatum were 11 mmol/L by 1H-MRS and 8 mmol/kg by HPLC. The methods showed a comparable reduction during the 8 hours of ischemia. The interstitial level of [NAA] ([NAA]e) was determined by microdialysis using [3H]NAA to assess in vivo recovery. After induction of ischemia, [NAA]e increased linearly from 70 micromol/L to a peak level of 2 mmol/L after 2 to 3 hours before declining to 0.7 mmol/L at 7 hours. For comparison, [NAA]e was measured in striatum during global ischemia, revealing that [NAA]e increased linearly to 4 mmol/L after 3 hours and this level was maintained for the next 4 h. From the change in in vivo recovery of the interstitial space volume marker [14C]mannitol, the relative amount of NAA distributed in the interstitial space was calculated to be 0.2% of the total brain NAA during normal conditions and only 2 to 6% during ischemia. It was concluded that the majority of brain NAA is intracellularly located during ischemia despite large increases of interstitial [NAA]. Thus, MR quantification of NAA during acute ischemia reflects primarily changes in intracellular levels of NAA. (+info)

Distinct sensitivities of OmpF and PhoE porins to charged modulators. (4/4935)

The inhibition of the anion-selective PhoE porin by ATP and of the cation-selective OmpF porin by polyamines has been previously documented. In the present study, we have extended the comparison of the inhibitor-porin pairs by investigating the effect of anions (ATP and aspartate) and positively charged polyamines (spermine and cadaverine) on both OmpF and PhoE with the patch-clamp technique, and by comparing directly the gating kinetics of the channels modulated by their respective substrates. The novel findings reported here are (1) that the activity of PhoE is completely unaffected by polyamines, and (2) that the kinetic changes induced by ATP on PhoE or polyamines on OmpF suggest different mechanisms of inhibition. ATP induces a high degree of flickering in the PhoE-mediated current and appears to behave as a blocker of ion flow during its presumed transport through PhoE. Polyamines modulate the kinetics of openings and closings of OmpF, in addition to promoting a blocker-like flickering activity. The strong correlation between sensitivity to inhibitors and ion selectivity suggests that some common molecular determinants are involved in these two properties and is in agreement with the hypothesis that polyamines bind inside the pore of cationic porins. (+info)

His ... Asp catalytic dyad of ribonuclease A: histidine pKa values in the wild-type, D121N, and D121A enzymes. (5/4935)

Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) has a conserved His ... Asp catalytic dyad in its active site. Structural analyses had indicated that Asp121 forms a hydrogen bond with His119, which serves as an acid during catalysis of RNA cleavage. The enzyme contains three other histidine residues including His12, which is also in the active site. Here, 1H-NMR spectra of wild-type RNase A and the D121N and D121A variants were analyzed thoroughly as a function of pH. The effect of replacing Asp121 on the microscopic pKa values of the histidine residues is modest: none change by more than 0.2 units. There is no evidence for the formation of a low-barrier hydrogen bond between His119 and either an aspartate or an asparagine residue at position 121. In the presence of the reaction product, uridine 3'-phosphate (3'-UMP), protonation of one active-site histidine residue favors protonation of the other. This finding is consistent with the phosphoryl group of 3'-UMP interacting more strongly with the two active-site histidine residues when both are protonated. Comparison of the titration curves of the unliganded enzyme with that obtained in the presence of different concentrations of 3'-UMP shows that a second molecule of 3'-UMP can bind to the enzyme. Together, the data indicate that the aspartate residue in the His ... Asp catalytic dyad of RNase A has a measurable but modest effect on the ionization of the adjacent histidine residue. (+info)

Chemotactic responses of Escherichia coli to small jumps of photoreleased L-aspartate. (6/4935)

Computer-assisted motion analysis coupled to flash photolysis of caged chemoeffectors provides a means for time-resolved analysis of bacterial chemotaxis. Escherichia coli taxis toward the amino acid attractant L-aspartate is mediated by the Tar receptor. The physiology of this response, as well as Tar structure and biochemistry, has been studied extensively. The beta-2, 6-dinitrobenzyl ester of L-aspartic acid and the 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl ether of 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-tris-sulfonic acid were synthesized. These compounds liberated L-aspartate and the fluorophore 8-hydroxypyrene 1,3,6-tris-sulfonic acid (pyranine) upon irradiation with near-UV light. Photorelease of the fluorophore was used to define the amplitude and temporal stability of the aspartate jumps employed in chemotaxis experiments. The dependence of chemotactic adaptation times on aspartate concentration, determined in mixing experiments, was best fit by two Tar aspartate-binding sites. Signal processing (excitation) times, amplitudes, and adaptive recovery of responses elicited by aspartate jumps producing less than 20% change in receptor occupancy were characterized in photorelease assays. Aspartate concentration jumps in the nanomolar range elicited measurable responses. The response threshold and sensitivity of swimming bacteria matched those of bacteria tethered to glass by a single flagellum. Stimuli of similar magnitude, delivered either by rapid mixing or photorelease, evoked responses of similar strength, as assessed by recovery time measurements. These times remained proportional to change in receptor occupancy close to threshold, irrespective of prior occupancy. Motor excitation responses decayed exponentially with time. Rates of excitation responses near threshold ranged from 2 to 7 s-1. These values are consistent with control of excitation signaling by decay of phosphorylated pools of the response regulator protein, CheY. Excitation response rates increased slightly with stimulus size up to values limited by the instrumentation; the most rapid was measured to be 16 +/- 3 (SE) s-1. This increase may reflect simultaneous activation of CheY dephosphorylation, together with inhibition of its phosphorylation. (+info)

D-Aspartate stimulation of testosterone synthesis in rat Leydig cells. (7/4935)

D-Aspartate increases human chorionic gonadotropin-induced testosterone production in purified rat Leydig cells. L-Aspartate, D-,L-glutamate or D-,L-asparagine could not substitute for D-aspartate and this effect was independent of glutamate receptor activation. Testosterone production was enhanced only in cells cultured with D-aspartate for more than 3 h. The increased production of testosterone was well correlated with the amounts of D-aspartate incorporated into the Leydig cells, and L-cysteine sulfinic acid, an inhibitor of D-aspartate uptake, suppressed both testosterone production and intracellular D-aspartate levels. D-Aspartate therefore is presumably taken up into cells to increase steroidogenesis. Intracellular D-aspartate probably acts on cholesterol translocation into the inner mitochondrial membrane, the rate-limiting process in steroidogenesis. (+info)

Deamidation and isoaspartate formation in smeared tau in paired helical filaments. Unusual properties of the microtubule-binding domain of tau. (8/4935)

An extensive loss of a selected population of neurons in Alzheimer's disease is closely related to the formation of paired helical filaments (PHFs). The most striking characteristic of PHFs upon Western blotting is their smearing. According to a previously described protocol (Morishima-Kawashima, M., Hasegawa, M., Takio, K., Suzuki, M., Titani, K., and Ihara, Y. (1993) Neuron 10, 1151-1160), smeared tau was purified, and its peptide map was compared with that of soluble (normal) tau. A CNBr fragment from soluble tau (CN5; residues 251-419 according to the 441-residue isoform) containing the microtubule-binding domain migrated at 15 and 18 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas that from smeared tau exhibited two larger, unusually broad bands at approximately 30 and approximately 45 kDa, presumably representing dimers and trimers of CN5. In the peptide map of smeared tau-derived CN5, distinct peaks eluting at unusual locations were noted. Amino acid sequence and mass spectrometric analyses revealed that these distinct peptides bear isoaspartate at Asn-381 and Asp-387. Because no unusual peptides other than aspartyl or isoaspartyl peptide were found in the digests of smeared tau-derived CN5, it is likely that site-specific deamidation and isoaspartate formation are involved in its dimerization and trimerization and thus in PHF formation in vivo. (+info)

... that asparagine and aspartic acid itself are decomposed with a remarkable ease under the influence of nitrous acid, rendering ... Robiquet) and aspartic acid]. Annalen der Chemie (in German). 6: 75-88. doi:10.1002/jlac.18330060111. The empirical formula of ... "Asparagine and aspartic acid". Journal of the Chemical Society. 31: 457-459. See especially p. 458. Piutti A (1888). "Sintesi e ... and aspartic acid]. Annalen der Chemie (in German). 7 (14): 146-150. Bibcode:1834AnP...107..220L. doi:10.1002/andp.18341071405 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagine

Aspartic acid (aspartate) is one of the most common amino acids in the typical diet. As with methanol and phenylalanine, intake ... Aspartame is a methyl ester of the dipeptide of the natural amino acids L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalanine. Under strongly ... by treatment of aspartic acid with a mixture of formic acid and acetic anhydride. Phenylalanine is converted to its methyl ... aspartic acid, and further metabolites, such as formaldehyde and formic acid. Due to its rapid and complete metabolism, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartame

The amino acids are identified as V=valine; M=methionine; G=glycine; S=serine, D=aspartic acid; Y=tyrosine, R=arginine; W= ... GATA1-S lacks the first 83 amino acids of GATA1 and therefore consists of only 331 amino acids. GATA1 codes for two zinc finger ... In both GATA1 and GATA1-S, C-ZnF (i.e. C-terminus zinc finger) binds to DNA-specific nucleic acid sequences sites viz., (T/A( ... It is 7.74 kilobases in length, consists of 6 exons, and codes for a full-length protein, GATA1, of 414 amino acids as well as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GATA1

Knizley H (October 1967). "The enzymatic synthesis of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid by a water-insoluble preparation of a cat brain ... Goldstein FB (1959). "Biosynthesis of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid". J. Biol. Chem. 234: 2702-2706. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartate_N-acetyltransferase

... of a serine amino acid, with the help of two other amino acids (histidine and aspartic acid), on the carbonyl group of the ... The fatty acid, stearic acid, was detected to be the prevailing fatty acid attached to HEF, whereas the fatty acid palmitic ... aspartic acid 352 and histidine 355 are the important amino acids for the esterase activity. Also, early studies showed that ... Along with that, aspartic acid polarizes histidine. X-ray crystallography of the crystalline structure of HEF showed that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutinin_esterase

... and one aspartic acid. For the iron ion to bind, an anion is required, preferably carbonate (CO2− 3). Transferrin also has a ... The amino acids which bind the iron ion to the transferrin are identical for both lobes; two tyrosines, one histidine, ... In humans, each monomer consists of 760 amino acids. It enables ligand bonding to the transferrin, as each monomer can bind to ... Hsu SL, Lin YF, Chou CK (April 1992). "Transcriptional regulation of transferrin and albumin genes by retinoic acid in human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferrin

Ohmura E, Hayaishi O (1957). "Enzymatic conversion of formylaspartic acid to aspartic acid". J. Biol. Chem. 227: 181-190. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formylaspartate_deformylase

"TRDMT1 tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1 (Homo sapiens)". Entrez Gene. NCBI. 2010-11-01. Retrieved 2010-11-07. Yang X, Han ... The name for this methyltransferase has been changed from DNMT2 to TRDMT1 (tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1) to better ... The enzyme is about 1,620 amino acids long. The first 1,100 amino acids constitute the regulatory domain of the enzyme, and the ... the enzyme was shown to methylate position 38 in aspartic acid transfer RNA and does not methylate DNA. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_methyltransferase

Primary amino acids include aspartic acid and proline. It also is a good source of calcium, potassium, and manganese. In growth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroptilium_atropurpureum

"Entrez Gene: TRDMT1 tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1". Goll MG, Kirpekar F, Maggert KA, et al. (2006). "Methylation of ... been shown that human DNMT2 does not methylate DNA but instead methylates cytosine 38 in the anticodon loop of aspartic acid ... Nucleic Acids Res. 26 (11): 2536-40. doi:10.1093/nar/26.11.2536. PMC 147598. PMID 9592134. Van den Wyngaert I, Sprengel J, Kass ... Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (2): 439-48. doi:10.1093/nar/29.2.439. PMC 29660. PMID 11139614. Franchina M, Hooper J, Kay PH (2001). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRDMT1

The aspartic acids are the acid/base catalysts. Lastly, once the ligand is attached to the active site, a series of methionines ... The two aspartic acids mentioned above act as proton donors and acceptors. Asp37 and Asp175 are both hydrogen bonded to the ... Mutagenesis studies have also indicated that two aspartic acids are located within the active site and help mediate catalysis ... Phosphopentose utilizes an acid/base type of catalytic mechanism. The reaction proceeds in such a way that trans-2,3-enediol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphopentose_epimerase

... aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid; D-cycloserine; L-aspartate; quinolinate, etc. Partial agonists : N-methyl-D-aspartic acid ( ... Ligands include: Agonists: Glutamate, AMPA, 5-Fluorowillardiine, Domoic acid, Quisqualic acid, etc. Antagonists: CNQX, ... Honoré T, Lauridsen J, Krogsgaard-Larsen P (January 1982). "The binding of [3H]AMPA, a structural analogue of glutamic acid, to ... The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (also known as AMPA receptor, or quisqualate receptor) is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand-gated_ion_channel

... is an aspartic acid-containing dipeptide sweetener. It was developed by Pfizer in the early 1980s and currently ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alitame

Working with gliadin, he identified α-aminoglutaric acid or glutamic acid in 1866. Then he identified aspartic acid in an ... the discovery of glutamic and aspartic acids as products of the hydrolysis of proteins; second, the realization that hydrolysis ... Karl Heinrich Ritthausen (13 January 1826 - 16 October 1912) was a German biochemist who identified two amino acids and made ... the statement that if proteins differ in amino acid composition, they should also differ in nutritive value to the animal. A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Heinrich_Ritthausen

... and D-aspartic acid-activating enzyme. Staudenbauer W, Strominger JL (1972). "Activation of D-aspartic acid for incorporation ... Staudenbauer W, Willoughby E, Strominger JL (1972). "Further studies of the D-aspartic acid-activating enzyme of Streptococcus ... the D-aspartate ligase responsible for the addition of D-aspartic acid onto the peptidoglycan precursor of Enterococcus faecium ... This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds as acid-D-ammonia (or amine) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-aspartate_ligase

... versatile disulfide-reducing agent from aspartic acid". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 134 (9): 4057-9. doi:10.1021/ ... The presence of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) to chelate divalent metal ions (Fe2+, Cu2+ and others) considerably ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dithiothreitol

"Homoserine as an Aspartic Acid Precursor for Synthesis of Proteoglycan Glycopeptide Containing Aspartic Acid and a Sulfated ... or citric acid cycle or the Krebs cycle, and the aspartate metabolic pathway. It forms by two reductions of aspartic acid via ... A Synthesis of l -Homoserine from l -Aspartic Acid". Agricultural and Biological Chemistry. 25 (9): 678-679. doi:10.1080/ ... l-Homoserine is not one of the common amino acids encoded by DNA. It differs from the proteinogenic amino acid serine by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoserine

Substitution of asparagine for aspartic acid in the 288. position leads to 10-fold reduction in the ability to recognize ... These amino acids are not present in DC-SIGN. Langerin is expressed in LCs which are located in the epidermis and in vaginal ... All the binding sites are flanked by positively charged amino acids (K299 and K313) which enable binding of negatively charged ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langerin

It contains a catalytic dyad using serine-aspartic acid. ATGL catalyses the first reaction of lipolysis. It hydrolysis ... doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386456-7.04408-7. ISBN 978-0-12-386457-4. Lehner R, Quiroga AD (2016). "Chapter 5 - Fatty Acid Handling ... May 2006). "The ATGL gene is associated with free fatty acids, triglycerides, and type 2 diabetes". Diabetes. 55 (5): 1270-5. ... Fatty Acids and Mitochondria.". In Brady ST, Siegel GJ, Albers RW, Price DL (eds.). Basic Neurochemistry (Eighth ed.). New York ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipose_triglyceride_lipase

Kazakova OW; Kariakina, T. I.; Weinova, M. K.; Sidelnikova, L. I.; Kazakova, O. W. (1981). "The synthesis of aspartic acid in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartate_dehydrogenase

Other amino acids that contribute highly include: alanine (Ala) 8-11%; arginine (Arg) 8-9%; aspartic acid (Asp) 6-7%; and ... The amino acid content of hydrolyzed collagen is the same as collagen. Hydrolyzed collagen contains 19 amino acids, ... Collagen hydrolysis is performed by one of three different methods: acid-, alkali-, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Acid treatment is ... If the raw material used in the production of the gelatin is derived from bones, dilute acid solutions are used to remove ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelatin

... aspartic acid, and anthranilic acid. Nicotinic acid can be synthesized from tryptophan or aspartic acid. Ways of alkaloid ... Compounds like amino acid peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acid, amines, and antibiotics are usually not called ... Those originate from the amino acid phenylalanine, but acquire their nitrogen atom not from the amino acid but through ... they would therefore find their place before plant acids [since 'Alkaloid' would precede 'Säure' (acid) but follow 'Alkalien ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid

Azevedo RA (2002). "Analysis of the aspartic acid metabolic pathway using mutant genes". Amino Acids. 22 (3): 217-230. doi: ... Once the C4 carboxylic acid is reduced to an aldehyde and the C1 aldehyde is oxidized to a carboxylic acid, experiments suggest ... Likewise, (S) 2-amino-4-oxo-5-hydroxypentanoic acid (RI-331), another amino acid analog, has also been shown to inhibit HSD. ... The overall reaction reduces the C4 carboxylic acid functional group of ASA to a primary alcohol and oxidizes the C1 aldehyde ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoserine_dehydrogenase

3-dimethylbutyric acid. The side products for the minor pathway is methanol, aspartic acid and phenylalanine. Methanol from ... The latter is a dipeptide of phenylalanine and aspartic acid. Neotame has 2 stereocenters and 4 stereoisomers. Sweetness is due ... Over 1% is excreted in urine as carnitine conjugate of 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid. Other minor metabolites form. The major ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotame

... that transfers the amino acid aspartic acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosome site of protein synthesis during ... Mitochondrially encoded tRNA aspartic acid also known as MT-TD is a transfer RNA which in humans is encoded by the ... "MT-TD mitochondrially encoded tRNA aspartic acid [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. "tRNA / transfer RNA , Learn ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MT-TD

1998). "Autocatalytic activation of human legumain at aspartic acid residues". FEBS Lett. 438 (1-2): 114-8. doi:10.1016/S0014- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGMN

... asparagine is converted to aspartic acid or isoaspartic acid. Glutamine is converted to glutamic acid or pyroglutamic acid (5- ... or isoaspartic acid, which is a beta amino acid (in green at bottom right). However, there is a concern that aspartic acid can ... Asparagine Aspartic acid Peptide bond Post-translational modification Clarke, S (2003). "Aging as war between chemical and ... Deamidation is a chemical reaction in which an amide functional group in the side chain of the amino acids asparagine or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deamidation

For example, aspartic acid is chemically similar to phospho-serine. Therefore, when an aspartic acid replaces a serine, it is a ... but when serine amino acid residues were mutated to aspartic acid, the activity increased 90-fold. Phosphomimetics are commonly ... However some non-phosphorylated amino acids appear chemically similar to phosphorylated amino acids. Therefore, by replacing an ... with an aspartic acid (which would not need to be phosphorylated). In a laboratory setting, the use of recombinant proteins to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphomimetics

Aspartic acid (D) by alanine (A) in the 109th position Aspartic acid (D) by arginine (R) in the 109th position. It is important ... Aspartic acid (D) by alanine (A) in the 108th position. Glutamic acid (E) by alanine (A) in the 115th and 117th position. In ... Aspartic acid (D) by glutamic acid (E) in the 157th position. Nevertheless, not always a mutation due to a substitution of one ... and aspartic acid 157 (D157). ATAT1 presents seven different isoforms due to alternative splicing, a process which consists in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-tubulin_N-acetyltransferase

The molecule is a tetracarboxylic acid with four -COOH groups. One section of the molecule is the amino acid aspartic acid. ... and isoserine with aspartic acid is formed. Titration reveals changes in ionisation at pK 3.5 and 4.5 due to carboxylic acid ... Hydrolysis produces L-aspartic acid and racemic[why?] 2,3-diaminopropionic acid. Even though the precursor component is chiral ... 2,3-diaminopropionic acid easily racemizes in acid. Aspergillomarasmine A has [α]20°D at pH 7 of -48°. With nitrous acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillomarasmine_A

Silvente-Poirot S, Escrieut C, Galès C, et al. (1999). „Evidence for a direct interaction between the penultimate aspartic acid ... Beinborn M, Lee YM, McBride EW, et al. (1993). „A single amino acid of the cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor determines ... Silvente-Poirot S, Wank SA (1996). „A segment of five amino acids in the second extracellular loop of the cholecystokinin-B ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holecistokininski_receptor_B

... aspartic acid =5.793 g, glutamic acid =8.386 g, glycine =3.099 g, proline =2.382 g, serine =2.998 g, right=1 , source_usda=1 }} ...

https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/சிறப்பு:MobileDiff/3045183

Amino acid-derived. *Major excitatory/inhibitory systems: Glutamate system: Agmatine. *Aspartic acid (aspartate) ...

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/അഡിനോസിൻ_ഡൈഫോസ്ഫേറ്റ്

Aspartic acid protease. *Metalloendopeptidase. *Threonine endopeptidase *Proteasome endopeptidase complex. *HslU-HslV peptidase ... mACE2 also regulates the membrane trafficking of the neutral amino acid transporter SLC6A19 and has been implicated in ... sACE2, as part of RAAS's protective phase, cleaves the carboxyl-terminal amino acid phenylalanine from angiotensin II (Asp-Arg- ... The spike protein binds to ACE2 and subsequently down regulated ACE2 protein expression and resulted in worsened acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensin_converting_enzyme_2

... (Aβ or Abeta) denotes peptides of 36-43 amino acids that are the main component of the amyloid plaques found in ... "Beta-secretase cleavage of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein by the transmembrane aspartic protease BACE". Science. 286 ... cleaves within the transmembrane region of APP and can generate a number of isoforms of 30-51 amino acid residues in length.[60 ... and results in a valine to isoleucine amino acid substitution. Histochemical analysis of the APP V717I mutation has revealed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_amyloid

Alanina (Ala) • Arginina (Arg) • Asparagina (Asn) • Acid aspartic (Asp) • Cisteïna (Cys) • Acid glutamic (Glu) • Glutamina (Gln ...

https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagina

Aspartic acid. 3.662 g. Glutamic acid. 6.269 g. Glycine. 1.611 g. Proline. 1.597 g. ... of the energy in hemp seeds is in the form of fats and essential fatty acids,[19] mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic ... The amino acid profile of hemp seeds is comparable to the profiles of other protein-rich foods, such as meat, milk, eggs, and ... Despite the rich nutrient content of hemp seeds, the seeds contain antinutritional compounds, including phytic acid,[23] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp

The name "aspartic acid" can refer to either enantiomer or a mixture of two.[9] Of these two forms, only one, "L-aspartic acid ... Aspartic acid, like glutamic acid, is classified as an acidic amino acid, with a pKa of 3.9, however in a peptide this is ... In addition, aspartic acid acts as a hydrogen acceptor in a chain of ATP synthase. Dietary L-aspartic acid has been shown to ... Additionally, aspartic acid is found in: *Dietary supplements, either as aspartic acid itself or salts (such as magnesium ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartic_acid

"The role of the locus coeruleus and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) and AMPA receptors in opiate withdrawal". ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicomania

... threonine is synthesized from aspartic acid via α-aspartyl-semialdehyde and homoserine. Homoserine undergoes O-phosphorylation ... "Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrates, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington ... The amino acid was named threonine because it was similar in structure to threonic acid, a four-carbon monosaccharide with ... Threonine (symbol Thr or T)[2] is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group ( ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threonine

For example, the code CCU GAC UAC CUA codes for the amino acids proline, aspartic acid, tyrosine, and leucine. If the U in CCU ... Amino acid substitution (e.g., D111E) - The first letter is the one letter code of the wild-type amino acid, the number is the ... Amino acid deletion (e.g., ΔF508) - The Greek letter Δ (delta) indicates a deletion. The letter refers to the amino acid ... if a missense mutation occurs in an amino acid codon that results in the use of a different, but chemically similar, amino acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_mutation

白色念珠菌可以分泌天冬胺酸蛋白酶（secreted aspartic proteinases, Saps）、磷脂酶與脂酶，可分解宿主細胞的胞外基質與細胞膜表面物質[82]，有助其黏著、侵入宿主的組織中[83]，甚至可能可以用以破壞免疫細胞[82]。 ... Nucleic Acids Research. August 1993, 21 (17): 1039-4045. PMC 309997 . PMID 8371978. doi:10.1093/nar/21.17.4039.. ... Nucleic Acids Res. October 2010, 38 (19): e184. PMC 2965261 .

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/白色念珠菌

Changes in postsynaptic signaling are most commonly associated with a N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long- ... An example of chemical synapse by the release of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine or glutamic acid. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapse

"Spreading depression and focal brain ischemia induce cyclooxygenase-2 in cortical neurons through N-methyl-D-aspartic acid- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_ischemia

... it contains two aspartic acid residues (Asp117 and Asp224) where CAD is identified and, consequently, it stays bounded until ... What is more, combining C3's amino acids leads to 5 α helices, 4 β lamina and a loop at the catalytic C-terminal which interact ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspase-activated_DNase

... which is synthesized using atoms from the amino acids glycine, glutamine, and aspartic acid, as well as formate transferred ... lack all amino acid synthesis and take their amino acids directly from their hosts. All amino acids are synthesized from ... Fatty acids are made by fatty acid synthases that polymerize and then reduce acetyl-CoA units. The acyl chains in the fatty ... Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoderm_and_flatworm_mitochondrial_code

Interaction of its chiral surfaces (see Form) with aspartic acid molecules results in a slight bias in chirality; this is one ... Calcite, like most carbonates, will dissolve in acids via the reaction CaCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) → Ca2+(aq) + H2O + CO2(g) The carbon ... Meierhenrich, Uwe (2008). Amino acids and the asymmetry of life caught in the act of formation. Berlin: Springer. pp. 76-78. ... and D-amino acids. Rhombohedral faces are not chiral. Calcite is transparent to opaque and may occasionally show ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcite

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of ... Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes that undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two ... Nucleic Acids Res. 25 (11): 2055-61. doi:10.1093/nar/25.11.2055. PMC 146702. PMID 9153302. Shu HB, Halpin DR, Goeddel DV (1997 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspase_10

Like other parvoviruses, the VP1 unique region contains a phospholipase A(2) motif with a conserved Histidine-Aspartic acid-XXY ... that have amino acid sequences that are at least 85% identical to those encoded by all other members of the species. Marmots ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocaparvovirus

ATPase through the change of glutamic acid to aspartic acid.[verification needed] Thus, the insects were found to have a higher ... found 87% amino acid identity among insect sequences, which shows a high level of molecular convergence among four orders of ... amino acids and other nutrients into the cell by use of the sodium ion gradient. Another important task of the Na⁺-K⁺ pump is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium–potassium_pump

... and aspartic acid. In the provided figure, the first box shows the overall isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction. The necessary ... Isocitrate binds within the active site to a conserved sequence of about eight amino acids through hydrogen bonds. These acids ... binds to three conserved amino acids through hydrogen bonds. These amino acids include three Aspartate residues. NAD+ and NADP+ ... Two aspartate amino acid residues (below left) are interacting with two adjacent water molecules (w6 and w8) in the Mn2+ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocitrate_dehydrogenase

... aspartic acid in position 143) form a catalytic triad with the substrate for acetyl transfer. There are eight alpha helices ... These transgenic plants would contain more essential sulphur amino acids meaning a healthier diet for humans and animals. The ... This particular enzyme catalyses serine into cysteine which is eventually converted to the essential amino acid methionine. Of ... to create nutritionally essential amino acids and to exploit this ability through transgenic plants. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serine_O-acetyltransferase

Biology portal Aspartic acid Neurodegeneration Enzyme deficiency The enzyme is also known as N-acetylaspartate amidohydrolase, ... Amino acid aminoacylases I and II from hog kidney. Methods Enzymol. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 2. pp. 115-119. doi:10.1016/ ... Aspartoacylase is a dimer of two identical monomers of 313 amino acids and uses a zinc cofactor in each. There are two distinct ... Zhang C, Liu X, Xue Y (January 2012). "A general acid-general base reaction mechanism for human brain aspartoacylase: A QM/MM ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartoacylase

It contains 48 amino acid residues. Substitution of the 16th amino acid, asparagine (N), into an aspartic acid (D) is named ... It has two homologous amino acid substitutions (S17T and S19T) and one non-homologous substitution (V13S). This makes it 94% ... a replacement of the 14th amino acid, arginine (R), into histidine (H). Cangitoxin is to varying degrees homologous to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cangitoxin

... aspartic acid - atom - atomic absorption spectroscopy - atomic mass - atomic mass unit - atomic nucleus - atomic number - ... amino acid - amino acid receptor - amino acid sequence - amino acid sequence homology - aminobutyric acid - ammonia - AMPA ... nucleic acid - nucleic acid regulatory sequence - nucleic acid repetitive sequence - nucleic acid sequence homology - nucleon ... lactic acid - lactic acid autotroph - lactic fermentation - lagging strand - laminin - LDL receptor - Le Chatelier's principle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condylostoma_nuclear_code

... aspartic acid (D) and hence the name WD. WD-40-domain -repeat proteins are defined by the presence of at least four WD repeats ... The number of amino acids in this region varies greatly. The unique region of Dictyostelium has 22 amino acids whereas ... Contain 450-650 amino acids with C-terminus coiled coil region of 30-40 amino acids that mediates homophilic dimerization and/ ... The WD-repeat is a structural motif comprising approximately 40 amino acids usually ending with the amino acid sequence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronin

Other names in common use include D-glutamic-aspartic oxidase, and D-monoaminodicarboxylic acid oxidase. This enzyme ... Mizushima S (1957). "Purified D-glutamic-aspartic oxidase of Aspergillus ustus". J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 3: 233-239. Portal: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-glutamate(D-aspartate)_oxidase

Aspartic acid is a nonessential amino acid. Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. ... Aspartic acid is a nonessential amino acid. Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. ... "Nonessential" means that our bodies produce it, even if we do not get this amino acid from the food we eat. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002234.htm

Aspartic acid, like glutamic acid, is classified as an acidic amino acid, with a pKa of 3.9, however in a peptide this is ... The name "aspartic acid" can refer to either enantiomer or a mixture of two. Of these two forms, only one, "L-aspartic acid", ... In addition, aspartic acid acts as a hydrogen acceptor in a chain of ATP synthase. Dietary L-aspartic acid has been shown to ... Proteinogenic amino acids, Glucogenic amino acids, Acidic amino acids, Dicarboxylic acids, Excitatory amino acids, Urea cycle, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartic_acid

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartic_acid

See Also: Toxicological Abbreviations L-aspartic acid (ICSC) ...

https://inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jeceval/jec_167.htm

... *Formula: C21H43NO6Si2 ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/C21H43NO6Si2/c1-15

An ,locant,alpha,/locant,-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single ,locant,alpha,/locant,-amino substituent ... An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent ChEBI https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/ ... Ref: YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992) ECOSAR Class Program (ECOSAR v0.99h): Class(es) found: Aliphatic Amines-acid Henrys ... Aqueous Base/Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis (25 deg C) [HYDROWIN v1.67]: Rate constants can NOT be estimated for this structure! ...

http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.411.html

... acids, are neurotransmitters in the central nervous system1-3. But careful subcellular4,5 and regional studies6-8 have not ... provided supporting neurochemical evidence, because ammo-acids, with the possible exception of GABA, also have general ... Unique High Affinity Uptake Systems for Glycine, Glutamic and Aspartic Acids in Central Nervous Tissue of the Rat. *WILLIAM J. ... LOGAN, W., SNYDER, S. Unique High Affinity Uptake Systems for Glycine, Glutamic and Aspartic Acids in Central Nervous Tissue of ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/234297b0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=ecc40f8a-6430-41a1-b775-c5793f194f94

L-Aspartic acid-1-13C 99 atom % 13C; CAS Number: 81201-97-0; Linear Formula: HO2CCH2CH(NH2)13CO2H; find Sigma-Aldrich-489972 ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/ALDRICH/489972?context=product

Aspartic Acid)-Modified Zein Nanofibers for Promoting Bone Regeneration ... Preparation of L-Aspartic Acid β-Benzyl Ester N-Carboxyanhydride (BAA-NCA). L-aspartic acid β-benzyl ester (10.00 g, 44.80 mmol ... Louis, MO, USA). L-Aspartic acid β-benzyl ester (98%), propargylamine (98%), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 99%) 1-ethyl-3-(3- ... Rapid swelling and deswelling of semi-interpenetrating network poly(acrylic acid)/poly(aspartic acid) hydrogels prepared by ...

https://www.dovepress.com/electrospun-poly-aspartic-acid-modified-zein-nanofibers-for-promoting--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN

Results 1 - 2 of 2 for ALANINE OR ARGININE OR ASPARTIC ACID OR GLUTAMIC ACID OR GLYCINE OR HISTIDINE OR ISOLEUCINE OR LEUCINE ... Did you mean ALANINE OR ARGININE OR ASPARTIC ACID OR glutamine ACID OR GLYCINE OR HISTIDINE OR ISOLEUCINE OR LEUCINE OR LYSINE ... the amount of fluids and the balance of acids and bases in your body. Albumin , a protein made in the liver. Total protein , ... the amount of fluids and the balance of acids and bases in your body. BUN (blood urea ... function Fluid and electrolyte ...

https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?&v:project=medlineplus&query=ALANINE%20OR%20ARGININE%20OR%20ASPARTIC%20ACID%20OR%20GLUTAMIC%20ACID%20OR%20GLYCINE%20OR%20HISTIDINE%20OR%20ISOLEUCINE%20OR%20LEUCINE%20OR%20LYSINE%20OR%20METHIONINE%20OR%20N-ACETYLTYROSINE%20OR%20PHENYLALANINE%20OR%20PROLINE%20OR%20SERINE%20OR%20THREONINE%20OR%20TRYPTOPHAN%20OR%20VALINE&binning-state=group%3D%3DMedical%20Tests&

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https://www.tcichemicals.com/JP/en/c/12326

Patricks Arnolds Take on D-Aspartic Acid August 23, 2010, 01:20 PM. ...

https://forums.musculardevelopment.com/forum/md-nutrition-and-supplementation-forums/supplement-reviews-discussions-research/97174-patrick-s-arnold-s-take-on-d-aspartic-acid?view=thread

AspNH2) and supplemented with 2.6 mmol/l glycine (Gly), 1.9 mmol/l gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), 1.5 mmol/l aspartic acid ( ... The results suggest that some non-essential, transmitter amino acids exert either inhibitory or stimulating effect on tumor ... Asp) or 6.8 mmol/l glutamic acid (Glu). Gly significantly inhibited the proliferation of both types of tumor cells both in the ... Na+ transport increases as a result of changes in the extracellular/intracellular ratio of excitatory/inhibitory amino acids. ...

https://medscimonit.com/reprintOrder/index/idArt/502974

L-aspartic acid. 3-Pyridinecarboxamide. N-iodosuccinimide. 3-Hydroxypivalic acid. 2-Carboxythiophene-5-boronic acid. ... Synonyms: L-Asparticacid; asparagic acid; 1-amino-1,2-carboxyethane; L-Aspartic acid; ... L-Asparticacid; asparagic acid; 1-amino-1,2-carboxyethane; L-Aspartic acid; ... Aspartic acid (abbreviated as Asp or D; encoded by the codons [GAU and GAC]), also known as aspartate, is an α-amino acid that ...

https://www.chemindustry.com/encyclopedia-encyclopediashow-id-661.html

The analysis of aspartic acid racemization, however, has shown promising results. This scoping review aimed to present a ... The analysis of aspartic acid racemization in human dental tissues produced accurate and potentially reliable results for age ... Aspartic acid racemization stands out especially in the adulthood - age category in which other methods struggle to deliver ... The analysis of aspartic acid racemization, however, has shown promising results. This scoping review aimed to present a ...

https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/age-estimation-in-humans-through-the-analysis-of-aspartic-acid-ra

Aspartic-acid oxidation and de-amination. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 1953 Jan; 41(1): 69-84. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/23249

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D-aspartic acid. D-aspartic acid (DAA) is an amino acid that plays a role in creating and releasing several different hormones ... 2009). The role of molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and ... Roshanzamir, F., & Safavi, S. M. (2017). The putative effects of D-Aspartic acid on blood testosterone levels: A systematic ... researchers evaluated the efficacy of d-aspartic acid (DAA) reported in 27 animal and human studies. ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/testosterone-boosters-uses-and-effectiveness

Be the first to review "Natural L-Aspartic Acid" Cancel reply. Your email address will not be published. Required fields are ...

https://www.aromiens.com/product/natural-l-aspartic-acid/

Reference standards of Aspartic Acid Hydrate API,and its pharmacopeial, non pharmacopeial impurities, and stable isotopes are ... Aspartic acid is an amino acid commonly found as a component in total parenteral nutrition. ... Aspartic Acid Hydrate and its Impurities Aspartic acid is an amino acid commonly found as a component in total parenteral ... Reference standards of Aspartic Acid Hydrate API,and its pharmacopeial, non pharmacopeial impurities, and stable isotopes are ...

https://www.pharmaffiliates.com/en/parentapi/aspartic-acid-hydrate-impurities

D-aspartic acid is active in the nervous and endocrine systems, and research suggests that it may have the ability t ... D-aspartic acid is a natural supplement commonly used to boost male testosterone levels. Low testosterone can mean low energy, ... D-aspartic acid is active in the nervous and endocrine systems, and research suggests that it may have the ability to increase ... For men who want to restore their vigor and vitality, D-aspartic acid is a natural supplement commonly used to boost male ...

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... In 2011, you would think that neuroscience is focused on discovering answers to high- ... Recently, a group from Naples reports that D-Aspartic acid functions as a neurotransmitter in both a mammal the rats (Rattus ... D-Aspartic acid (D-Asp) has been known to scientists for well over a century. However, its role as a neurotransmitter was only ... The DAbuello et.al demonstrate not only the presence of D-Asp acid in high concentrations in synaptic vesicles, but also show ...

http://blogs.dnalc.org/2011/05/13/a-new-neurotransmitter-d-aspartic-acid/

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Aspartic acid, like glutamic acid, is classified as an acidic amino acid, with a pKa of 3.9, however in a peptide this is highly dependent on the local environment, and could be as high as 14. (wikipedia.org)
Asparagine is derived from aspartate via transamidation: -O2CCH(NH2)CH2CO2- + GC(O)NH3+ O2CCH(NH2)CH2CONH3+ + GC(O)O (where GC(O)NH2 and GC(O)OH are glutamine and glutamic acid, respectively) Aspartate has many other biochemical roles. (wikipedia.org)
NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL experiments suggest that several aminoacids, especially glycine and glutamic, aspartic and gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) acids, are neurotransmitters in the central nervous system 1-3 . (nature.com)
Asp (and glutamic acid) is classified as acidic, with a pKa of 3.9, however in a peptide this is highly dependent on the local environment (as with all amino acids), and could be as high as 14. (chemindustry.com)
CSF glutamine is markedly reduced, whereas glutamic acid and proline levels are elevated. (medscape.com)
Another example is monosodium glutamate (MSG), a derivative of glutamic acid, widely used in Asian dishes to intensify the flavour. (news-medical.net)
Lysine, methionine, and glutamic acid are widely used in animal feeds. (news-medical.net)
Fermentation is currently only used for lysine and glutamic acid as certain mutant bacteria strains are needed which are difficult to produce. (news-medical.net)
Glutamic acid can be modified with the addition of sodium hydroxide to produce monosodium glutamate. (news-medical.net)
Tissue-culture studies suggest an interference with metabolic pathways of amino acids leading from glutamic acid to the citric acid cycle and to urea. (nih.gov)
Reversal of the antitumor effect of vinblastine sulfate by glutamic acid or tryptophan has been observed. (nih.gov)
In addition, glutamic acid and aspartic acid have protected mice from lethal doses of vinblastine sulfate. (nih.gov)
Release of an N-terminal amino acid, preferentially leucine, but not glutamic or aspartic acids. (ebi.ac.uk)
The major "workhorse" neurotransmitters of the brain are glutamic acid (glutamate) and amma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). (newworldencyclopedia.org)

BodyStrong Amino Complex is rich in glutamine, arginine, glycine and Branched-chain amino acids to facilitate better recovery and bigger muscle pumps. (allstarhealth.com)
Arginine is an amino acid which becomes an essential amino acid when the body is under stress or is in an injured state. (nutritionreview.org)
In the presence of food and other amino acids, L-arginine will act like food-source arginine but when L-arginine is separated from its nutrient boundaries by the removal of all other amino acids, then L-arginine undertakes a different role, becoming capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and stimulating growth hormone release secreted by the anterior pituitary. (nutritionreview.org)
Oral ingestion of another amino acid, Ornithine, results in growth hormone release, but since arginine turns into ornithine, and ornithine does not replace arginine for growth, arginine is the superior growth hormone releasing agent. (nutritionreview.org)

For example, when a person is exposed to large amounts of environmental toxins and pollutants, the amount of glycine (a non-essential amino acid) made by the body may be far from adequate. (nestacertified.com)
The ionotropic activation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) plays asignificant role in different type of neurodegenerative disease, as it is a tetramer withtwo Glycine binding subunit and two glutamate subunits. (who.int)

Valine (Essential amino acids) 360 mg. (albertsons.com)
Whey Isolate contains more Branched Chain Amino Acids - made up of Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine, as compared to regular Whey Concentrate. (puritan.com)

In addition, tranexamic acid and 6-aminohexanoic acid, which act as serine protease inhibitors, exerted inhibitory effects on TMPRSS2 protease activity. (biorxiv.org)

In plants and microorganisms, aspartate is the precursor to several amino acids, including four that are essential for humans: methionine, threonine, isoleucine, and lysine. (wikipedia.org)

L-aspartic acid is one of the two main ingredients of the artificial sweetener aspartame, along with L-phenylalanine. (chemindustry.com)
No, aspartame is a chemically formed sugar substitute that bonds L-phenylalanine to aspartic acid. (emergenc.com)
Phenylalanine and aspartic acid are combined to produce the dipeptide aspartame. (news-medical.net)
Not only does it decrease the availability of the building block for serotonin (L-tryptophan), but one of the two amino acids that comprise aspartame, phenylalanine, is a precursor for another very important neurotransmitter, norepinephrine. (chimachine4u.com)

Conjugation at lysine residues is the most prevalent, although conjugation of two glutamine residues, as well as the N-terminal aspartic acid residue is observed. (cdc.gov)
Preferred conjugation sites include the N-terminal amine, Lys199, and so-called dilysine (KK) motifs, all of which are expected to have lower pKa values than that of the free lysine amino acid. (cdc.gov)
Aspartic acid is acidic, lysine is basic, and alanine is neutral. (vernier.com)
17 Amino Acids- Key Collagen Builders: Lysine. (mirenesse.com)

the ionic form is known as aspartate), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
D-Aspartate is one of two D-amino acids commonly found in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
The biosynthesis of aspartate is facilitated by an aminotransferase enzyme: the transfer of an amine group from another molecule such as alanine or glutamine yields aspartate and an alpha-keto acid. (wikipedia.org)
The conversion of aspartate to these other amino acids begins with reduction of aspartate to its "semialdehyde", O2CCH(NH2)CH2CHO. (wikipedia.org)
It carries reducing equivalents in the malate-aspartate shuttle, which utilizes the ready interconversion of aspartate and oxaloacetate, which is the oxidized (dehydrogenated) derivative of malic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Aspartate (the conjugate base of aspartic acid) stimulates NMDA receptors, though not as strongly as the amino acid neurotransmitter L-glutamate does. (wikipedia.org)
The conversion of aspartate to these other amino acids begins with reduction of aspartate to its "semialdehyde", O 2 CCH(NH 2 )CH 2 CHO. (wikipedia.org)
encoded by the codons [GAU and GAC]), also known as aspartate, is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. (chemindustry.com)
Magnesium L- aspartate is a chelated magnesium salt of aspartic acid. (purebulk.com)

Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
Aspartic acid has an acidic side chain (CH2COOH) which reacts with other amino acids, enzymes and proteins in the body. (wikipedia.org)
The L-isomer of Asp is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Of these two forms, only one, "L-aspartic acid", is directly incorporated into proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Aspartic acid is one of the 20 basic amino acids that constitute proteins. (omizzur.com)
Proteins are composed of various proportions of about 20 commonly occurring amino acids. (pschemicals.com)
If the patient is in a catabolic state, proteins are degraded, resulting in the elevation of many amino acids and a nonspecific amino acid profile. (medscape.com)
The aspartic acid racemization rate at higher temperatures yields cellular protein doubling times that are consistent with the survival times of hyperthermophilic strains and predicts that at temperatures of 85 °C, cells must replace proteins every couple of days to maintain enzymatic activity. (princeton.edu)
Proteins are complex molecules comprised of a combination of different amino acids, compounds that contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur. (nestacertified.com)
Protein is an essential component of the diet, because it provides the amino acids the body needs to synthesize its own proteins. (nestacertified.com)
The body is only able to make the proteins it needs when there are sufficient quantities of all the necessary amino acids in the so-called "amino acid pool. (nestacertified.com)
If we are deficient in essential amino acids, the body is unable to make proteins and will have to break down muscle proteins to obtain the amino acids it needs. (nestacertified.com)
Beyond being the basis for muscle growth, amino acids are essential for synthesizing proteins, enzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters and just about every other body function you can name. (allstarhealth.com)
Enzymes and structural proteins are made of amino acids, and are used as precursors for other important biomolecules in the body. (news-medical.net)
Building muscle involves ingesting protein and amino acids that build up the proteins. (news-medical.net)
Amino acids are building blocks of proteins and essential for synthesizing hormones and neurotransmitters. (innophos.com)
A possibly high protein concentration means that the body can break those plant proteins down into usable amino acids which can be reformed into usable proteins. (organicfacts.net)
The body uses twenty-nine dietary amino acids to synthesize over 50,000 unique proteins and 20,000 enzymes necessary for optimal health. (nutritionreview.org)
Proteins are composed of monomers called amino acids. (vernier.com)
There are 20 different amino acids that are found in proteins, and each one has a different R-group. (vernier.com)
Of course, the ability to identify proteins en masse with mass spectrometry is relatively new, so it's certainly not earth-shattering news that quantifying their absolute or relative levels of expression with a mass spec is still a work in progress. (genomeweb.com)

A liquid unsaturated fatty acid that is found in liver, brain, glands, and fat of animals and humans. (peta.org)
Cashews are known to be a good source of healthy dietary fats, which are essential for our body to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins ( vitamin A , D, E, and K) and produce fatty acids that are vital for the development of the brain and blood clotting. (organicfacts.net)
Fish Oil 70% Omega-3 Fatty Acids. (supplementcritic.com)
Fatty acids are also receiving attention as the potential endogenous cannabinoid. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Aspartic acid was first discovered in 1827 by Auguste-Arthur Plisson and Étienne Ossian Henry by hydrolysis of asparagine, which had been isolated from asparagus juice in 1806. (wikipedia.org)
Calaspargase pegol catalyzes conversion of L-asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia. (medscape.com)
A) Sequence alignment of partial 6PGDH amino acid of CL isolates exhibit replacement of asparagine (N) with aspartic acid (D) at position 326 analogous to visceral leishmaniasis-causing and CL-causing isolates from Sri Lanka. (cdc.gov)

The sequence of these amino acids in the protein polypeptides determines the shape, properties, and hence biological role of the protein that function as chemical messengers and as intermediates in metabolism. (pschemicals.com)
Animals are not able to synthesize some amino acids necessary in metabolism in sufficient quantities. (pschemicals.com)
Official HCG Diet Drops is one of the best homeopathic HCG weight loss drops supplement available otc, that also come with amino acids, & appetite suppression and metabolism boosting ingredients like Garcinia Cambogia, Green coffee bean, Raspberry Ketones Drops, African Mango. (ipsnews.net)
Glutamine is the amino acid used most by your body during times of stress, and it's the key to metabolism and maintenance of muscle, cell division, and cell growth. (naturalhealthsource.com)
Magnesium and aspartic acid both play important roles in human metabolism, protein synthesis, and energy production. (purebulk.com)

Our D-Aspartic Acid powder is assayed by an independent lab in the US to be 99.5% pure, according to HPLC standardized testing methods. (altisendurance.com)
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D-Aspartic Acid powder by RawSeries is a vegan powdered food supplement based on chelated calcium D-aspartic acid salt. (hsnstore.eu)
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HSN's D-Aspartic Acid powder is made solely from the calcium chelate of the amino acid itself, without additives . (hsnstore.eu)
Particle size is the measure of the particle size of the amino acid powder. (hsnstore.eu)
PipingRock D-Aspartic Acid Powder delivers a powerful 3,000 mg serving of this amino acid in just one scoop. (pipingrock.com)

Aspartic acid derivatives have important applications in the treatment of heart disease, liver disease, hypertension and other medical research. (omizzur.com)
Several amino acids or their derivatives are used as flavour enhancers in foods. (news-medical.net)

Clinical research has surmised that you need to take 3,120 mg of DAA daily, and that it must be combined with vitamins B6, B12 and Folic Acid, for testosterone-supporting effects. (testosteronebooster.com)

TestoPrime has ingredients such as Fenugreek Extract, Panax Ginseng, and D-aspartic Acid that are proven to improve your testosterone levels. (jpost.com)
D-Aspartic acid calcium_Dietary supplements ingredients, vitamins and minerals. (health-sources.com)
D-aspartic acid (daa) is one of the most popular ingredients in many testosterone supplements. (ethosconsults.com)
It has better doses (e.g. 1,600mg of D-Aspartic Acid for long-term male health support), higher quality forms of ingredients (e.g. vitamin K2 over vitamin K1 for testosterone), and is more targeted for older people who want to regain youthful vitality in and out of the bedroom, and feel less stress mentally. (narsto.org)

Polymalic acid (PMLA) is a polyester of L-malic acid with a wide range of applications in the medical, food, and environmental industries due to its excellent biochemical properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and chemical modifiability(Zeng et al. (researchsquare.com)

Due to its effects, N-Methyl DL Aspartic Acid(NMA) has also been applied in bodybuilding supplements as one endocrine regulation tool, because N-Methyl DL Aspartic Acid(NMA) is much more potent than DAA at stimulating the NMDA receptor but it is also more economic compare to N-Methyl D Aspartic Acid(NMDA). (naturalmicron.com)
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What's even more significant, unlike many other nutritional supplements, HCG and amino acids diet drops can work efficiently for both men & women. (ipsnews.net)
Buy Liquid Aminos 50 Softgels & other Amino Acids supplements. (puritan.com)
Many amino acids are used in food supplements to help with certain conditions and disorders. (news-medical.net)
Calcium carbonate - This has the highest amount of bioavailable the calcium supplements and requires stomach acid to dissolve and absorb. (healthinsiders.com)

But careful subcellular 4,5 and regional studies 6-8 have not provided supporting neurochemical evidence, because ammo-acids, with the possible exception of GABA, also have general metabolic functions in nervous tissue. (nature.com)
D-Aspartic Acid can also enhance Nitric Oxide levels, and can induce the elevation of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and GABA, which are thought to be responsible for memory enhancement, improved sense of well-being, and nootropic effects (4, 7). (dpsnutrition.net)
N-methyl-d-Aspartic Acid Differentially Regulates Extracellular Dopamine, GABA, and Glutamate Levels in the Dorsolateral Neostriatum of the Halothane-Anesthetized Rat: An In Vivo Microdialysis Study. (dpsnutrition.net)
Magnesium binds to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors to calm neuron excitement for better relaxation. (purebulk.com)

Aspartic acid is a Non-Essential Amino Acid having an acidic carboxyl group on its side chain which can serve as both an acceptor and a donor of ammonia. (pschemicals.com)
Free amino acids formed by treating soybeans with an acidic solution. (bragg.com)

An increased lactate-to-pyruvate ratio is characteristic of citric acid cycle disorders. (medscape.com)
Like magnesium, aspartic acid helps produce energy, as it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. (purebulk.com)

There are 19 different amino acids required by the body. (nestacertified.com)
BodyStrong's Amino Complex contains 17 different amino acids from hydrolyzed protein. (allstarhealth.com)

HPAI virus was isolated in 9- to10-day-old uted to 2 nonsynonymous mutations coding for amino acid specific pathogen-free embryonated hens' eggs after incu- substitution S181P and H273Y (HA numbering based on bating 2 days as described ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
1436 and 1451 showed a scattered epidemic of 1996 and one isolate from the substitution of amino acids. (who.int)
Substitution of aspartic acid at position 57 of the DQbeta1 affects relapse of autoimmune pancreatitis. (cdc.gov)
Scale bar indicates the amino acid substitution per site. (cdc.gov)
The frequency of the amino acid substitution D222G in the hemagglutinin (HA) of 2009 H1N1 viruses isolated from severe but not mild human cases represents the first molecular marker associated with enhanced disease. (cdc.gov)

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SNS DAA capsules contains 3.12 grams (3,120 mg) of Sodium D-Aspartic Acid per serving. (dpsnutrition.net)
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These three amino acids, along with glutamine, also promote protein synthesis and prevent muscle breakdown. (allstarhealth.com)
Glutamine is the most common amino acid found in your muscles, plus it is 19 percent nitrogen, making it the primary nitrogen transporter to your muscle cells. (allstarhealth.com)

This t-booster is formulated with a combination of herbal extracts, vitamins, minerals, and selected amino acids. (mcisb.org)

This concept of "conditionally essential amino acids" tells us that all of the amino acids can be equally important when it comes to our diet, and that it's worthwhile for us to pay attention to all amino acids when thinking about the nourishment we get from our food. (nestacertified.com)

This study also indicated that testosterone levels were still elevated 3 days after the discontinuation of D-Aspartic Acid, which indicates that it builds up over time, and then slowly decreases after supplementation is stopped (7). (dpsnutrition.net)
nbsp;D-Aspartic Acid is not made by the body, making supplementation essential. (pipingrock.com)
This classification would point out that under certain physiological circumstances, the body is unable to manufacture enough of these amino acids so they would have to be obtained through diet (or supplementation). (nestacertified.com)
The phosphatidic acid in Mass Extreme supplementation increases muscle growth by stimulating the mTOR kinase. (digitalangelcorp.com)

Hypercitrullinuria and hyperlysinemia result from a metabolic block in the urea cycle due to a low aspartic acid. (medscape.com)

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It is a non-essential amino acid in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it as needed. (wikipedia.org)
Many of the amino acids can be synthesized in the human or animal body from other cellular metabolites when needed (called Non-essential Amino Acids). (pschemicals.com)
It must therefore be present in the diet (called Essential Amino Acids). (pschemicals.com)
It is a non-essential amino acid. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In traditional nutrition textbooks, we typically learn the two types of amino acids: essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids. (nestacertified.com)
Essential amino acids are amino acids that our body cannot synthesize on its own. (nestacertified.com)
Essential amino acids must, therefore, be obtained from our diet. (nestacertified.com)
This traditional separation of amino acids into the categories of "essential" and "non-essential" seems complex. (nestacertified.com)
While it is true that the human body has the potential to manufacture all non-essential amino acids, this potential is not the same as actually making them. (nestacertified.com)
Amino acids in bold italic font are conditionally essential. (nestacertified.com)
For this reason, it may be more constructive to think about all non-essential amino acids as "conditionally essential. (nestacertified.com)
Amino Acids, the building blocks of protein, are essential for muscle growth, maintenance and repair. (allstarhealth.com)
BodyStrong's Amino Complex provides a full spectrum 1,500 mg array of essential and non-essential amino acids derived from hydrolyzed protein. (allstarhealth.com)
Great option to get essential amino acids into your diet. (allstarhealth.com)
Essential amino acids are amino acids that the body cannot produce itself, meaning an outside source is needed. (news-medical.net)
The experimental study of the origin of life kick-started with Miller s prebiotic soup experiment ( Miller 1953 , Miller-Urey experiment ) which produced amino acids, essential to life. (talkorigins.org)
As long as the body has a reliable source of dietary essential amino acids it can adequately meet most of its needs for new protein synthesis. (nutritionreview.org)
Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that can be manufactured by the body from other sources as needed. (nutritionreview.org)
Essential amino acids for adults and children 4 and older. (organickingdom.com)

In fact, you best testosterone booster d aspartic acid best. (ethosconsults.com)
Ce qui explique son rôle crucial dans le développement de la masse musculaire, best testosterone booster d aspartic acid. (ethosconsults.com)

DL aspartic acid and other protective amino acids can be used as raw materials for the synthesis of peptides. (omizzur.com)
Often, dividing them into amino acids , peptides , and monoamines is sufficient for many purposes. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

It has a very similar structure to N Methyl DL Aspartic Acid (NMDA) and they also have very similar effects. (naturalmicron.com)
N-Methyl DL Aspartic Acid(NMA) is also an amino acid derivative that acts as a specific agonist at the NMDA receptor mimicking the action of glutamate, the neurotransmitter which normally acts at that receptor. (naturalmicron.com)
the difference of N-Methyl DL Aspartic Acid(NMA) compare to glutamate is it only binds to and regulates the NMDA receptor and has no effect on other glutamate receptors (such as those for AMPA and kainate). (naturalmicron.com)
Induced fit score obtained were-614.38, -614.03 and -616.31 for ferulic acid, caffeic acid and scutellarein respectively.The result obtained in this study shows the potency of phytochemical from C. odorata toinhibit NMDA receptor. (who.int)

Our select line of products has everything you need to help support your fitness journey, from creatine to amino acids to protein powders. (puritan.com)

Low aspartic acid is due to the deficiency in the oxaloacetate precursor. (medscape.com)
Regardless of the microorganism used in PMLA production, L-malic acid is the only precursor in PMLA biosynthesis(Zeng et al. (researchsquare.com)

2019 ). The three major metabolic pathways in PMLA biosynthesis are the Tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA), Reductive TCA (rTCA), and Glyoxylate pathway(Chi et al. (researchsquare.com)

Testogen is formulated with one of the largest doses of this crucial amino acid than any other t-booster in the market. (mcisb.org)
More research is needed to determine effective d-aspartic acid doses. (supplementcritic.com)

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Chemical structure of D-aspartic acid , a common amino acid neurotransmitter. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

The analysis of aspartic acid racemization, however, has shown promising results. (dundee.ac.uk)
This scoping review aimed to present a descriptive synthesis of the current literature regarding dental age estimation through aspartic acid racemization. (dundee.ac.uk)
The analysis of aspartic acid racemization in human dental tissues produced accurate and potentially reliable results for age estimation. (dundee.ac.uk)
Aspartic acid racemization stands out especially in the adulthood - age category in which other methods struggle to deliver proper performances. (dundee.ac.uk)
Does aspartic acid racemization constrain the depth limit of the subsurface biosphere? (princeton.edu)
We have directly constrained the in situ average cellular protein turnover or doubling times for metabolically active micro-organisms based on cellular amino acid abundances, D/L values of cellular aspartic acid, and the in vivo aspartic acid racemization rate. (princeton.edu)
Experimental observations on the racemization rates of aspartic acid in living thermophiles and hyperthermophiles could test this hypothesis. (princeton.edu)
Dive into the research topics of 'Does aspartic acid racemization constrain the depth limit of the subsurface biosphere? (princeton.edu)
The effect of heat treatment during fish meal processing on amino acid racemization was studied. (unimi.it)
A preliminary experiment on laboratory-made herring meals cooked at 125°C for different time intervals showed aspartic acid (Asp) as the only amino acid with significant racemization before hydrolysis. (unimi.it)
Further studies are required in order to evaluate the effects of D-Asp in protein of fish feeds and the role of the raw material and processing parameters in inducing amino acid racemization in protein of fish meals. (unimi.it)
Aspartic acid racemization in fish meal as induced by thermal treatment / U. Luzzana, T. Mentasti, V.M. Moretti, A. Albertini, F. Valfrè. (unimi.it)

Its α-amino group is in the protonated -NH+ 3 form under physiological conditions, while its α-carboxylic acid group is deprotonated −COO− under physiological conditions. (wikipedia.org)
The carboxylic acid group is deprotonated to form -CO2- at high pH. (pschemicals.com)

The carbon atom in the carboxyl group of one amino acid binds covalently to the nitrogen atom in the amino group of another amino acid to form a peptide bond with the release of a water molecule. (pschemicals.com)
1] The peptide is made of three amino acids. (assignmentexpert.com)
Amino acids form polymers when the carboxyl group and amino group of two amino acids form a peptide bond, as shown in Figure 1. (vernier.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms14

Chemicals and Drugs123

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Phenomena and Processes60

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Health Care2

Activation of c-Abl tyrosine kinase requires caspase activation and is not involved in JNK/SAPK activation during apoptosis of human monocytic leukemia U937 cells. (1/4935)

Hemoglobin Providence. A human hemoglobin variant occurring in two forms in vivo. (2/4935)

N-Acetylaspartate distribution in rat brain striatum during acute brain ischemia. (3/4935)

Distinct sensitivities of OmpF and PhoE porins to charged modulators. (4/4935)

His ... Asp catalytic dyad of ribonuclease A: histidine pKa values in the wild-type, D121N, and D121A enzymes. (5/4935)

Chemotactic responses of Escherichia coli to small jumps of photoreleased L-aspartate. (6/4935)

D-Aspartate stimulation of testosterone synthesis in rat Leydig cells. (7/4935)

Deamidation and isoaspartate formation in smeared tau in paired helical filaments. Unusual properties of the microtubule-binding domain of tau. (8/4935)

Aspartic Acid

Aspartic Acid Proteases

Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases

Amino Acid Sequence

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acids

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

Asparagine

Pepstatins

Binding Sites

Mutation

Amino Acid Substitution

Isoaspartic Acid

Base Sequence

Cathepsin E

Glutamates

Pepsin A

Models, Molecular

Structure-Activity Relationship

Kinetics

Histidine

Protein Conformation

Substrate Specificity

Recombinant Proteins

Escherichia coli

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Serine

Glycine

Cloning, Molecular

Alanine

Peptides

Point Mutation

Catalysis

Aspartate-tRNA Ligase

Cathepsin D

Endopeptidases

Glutamic Acid

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Peptide Fragments

Sequence Alignment

Catalytic Domain

Protein Binding

Protein Structure, Secondary

Threonine

Protease Inhibitors

Oligopeptides

Cell Line

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase

Carbohydrates

Conserved Sequence

Molecular Weight

Trypsin

Forensic Sciences

Hydrolysis

Phosphorylation

Keratin-2

Plasmids

Chromatography, Paper

Lysine

Bacterial Proteins

Mutation, Missense

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

DNA Primers

Chemistry

Transfection

Radiometric Dating

Arginine

Proline

Chemical Phenomena

Homoserine Dehydrogenase

Hydrogen Bonding

Stereoisomerism

Chymosin

Crystallography, X-Ray

Chromatography, Gel

Enzyme Precursors

Mutagenesis

Protein Processing, Post-Translational