Asbestos
Asbestos, Serpentine
Asbestos, Amphibole
Asbestos, Amosite
Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids
Dipsacaceae
Mesothelioma
Mineral Fibers
Soil
Pleural Neoplasms
Catharanthus
Pleura
Occupational Exposure
Electrophoresis, Microchip
Magnesium Silicates
Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome
Hyperpigmentation
Brassicaceae
Pregnadienediols
Intracranial Thrombosis
Receptors, Cyclic AMP
Picea
Intracranial Aneurysm
Frizzled Receptors
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
Nickel
Talc
Environmental Exposure
Ships
Air Pollutants, Occupational
Lung
Biomass
Soil Microbiology
Manufactured Materials
Industry
Embolization, Therapeutic
Zeolites
Neoplasms, Mesothelial
Dictyostelium
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Silicic Acid
Carcinogens
Silicon Dioxide
Quartz
Polyploidy
Plastids
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
Cerebral Angiography
Biodiversity
Pneumoconiosis
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Inhalation Exposure
Signal Transduction
Adaptation, Physiological
Ecosystem
Microscopy, Phase-Contrast
Mutation
Biological effects of naturally occurring and man-made fibres: in vitro cytotoxicity and mutagenesis in mammalian cells. (1/222)
Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of tremolite, erionite and the man-made ceramic (RCF-1) fibre were studied using the human-hamster hybrid A(L) cells. Results from these fibres were compared with those of UICC Rhodesian chrysotile fibres. The A(L) cell mutation assay, based on the S1 gene marker located on human chromosome 11, the only human chromosome contained in the hybrid cell, has been shown to be more sensitive than conventional assays in detecting deletion mutations. Tremolite, erionite and RCF-1 fibres were significantly less cytotoxic to A(L) cells than chrysotile. Mutagenesis studies at the HPRT locus revealed no significant mutant yield with any of these fibres. In contrast, both erionite and tremolite induced dose-dependent S1- mutations in fibre-exposed cells, with the former inducing a significantly higher mutant yield than the latter fibre type. On the other hand, RCF-1 fibres were largely non-mutagenic. At equitoxic doses (cell survival at approximately 0.7), erionite was found to be the most potent mutagen among the three fibres tested and at a level comparable to that of chrysotile fibres. These results indicate that RCF-1 fibres are non-genotoxic under the conditions used in the studies and suggest that the high mesothelioma incidence previously observed in hamster may either be a result of selective sensitivity of hamster pleura to fibre-induced chronic irritation or as a result of prolonged fibre treatment. Furthermore, the relatively high mutagenic potential for erionite is consistent with its documented carcinogenicity. (+info)Magnetometric evaluation for the effect of chrysotile on alveolar macrophages. (2/222)
Alveolar macrophages are thought to play an important role in fibrogenesis due to asbestos exposure. In this experiment, we evaluated the effect mainly by unique magnetometry and also by conventional methods such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity measurement and morphological observations. Alveolar macrophages obtained from Syrian golden hamsters by bronchoalveolar lavages were exposed 18 hours in vitro to Fe3O4 as an indicator for magnetometry and chrysotile for experiments. A rapid decrease of the remanent magnetic field, so called "relaxation", was observed after the cessation of an external magnetic field in macrophages phagocytizing Fe3O4 alone, while relaxation was delayed in those concurrently exposed to chrysotile. Since relaxation is thought due to the cytoskeleton-driven random rotation of phagosomes containing iron oxide particles, chrysotile is considered to interfere with the cytoskeletal function of macrophages. Release of LDH from chrysotile-exposed macrophages into the medium was recognized, but it was not significantly higher than the controls. Apoptosis was negligible in macrophages exposed to chrysotile by the DNA ladder detection, the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method and morphological observations. Electron microscopical examinations revealed early necrotic changes in macrophages exposed to chrysotile. These findings indicate that cell magnetometry detects impaired cytoskeletal function due to in vitro exposure to chrysotile. (+info)Comparative hazards of chrysotile asbestos and its substitutes: A European perspective. (3/222)
Although the use of amphibole asbestos (crocidolite and amosite) has been banned in most European countries because of its known effects on the lung and pleura, chrysotile asbestos remains in use in a number of widely used products, notably asbestos cement and friction linings in vehicle brakes and clutches. A ban on chrysotile throughout the European Union for these remaining applications is currently under consideration, but this requires confidence in the safety of substitute materials. The main substitutes for the residual uses of chrysotile are p-aramid, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and cellulose fibers, and it is these materials that are evaluated here. Because it critically affects both exposure concentrations and deposition in the lung, diameter is a key determinant of the intrinsic hazard of a fiber; the propensity of a material to release fibers into the air is also important. It is generally accepted that to be pathogenic to the lung or pleura, fibers must be long, thin, and durable; fiber chemistry may also be significant. These basic principles are used in a pragmatic way to form a judgement on the relative safety of the substitute materials, taking into account what is known about their hazardous properties and also the potential for uncontrolled exposures during a lifetime of use (including disposal). We conclude that chrysotile asbestos is intrinsically more hazardous than p-aramid, PVA, or cellulose fibers and that its continued use in asbestos-cement products and friction materials is not justifiable in the face of available technically adequate substitutes. (+info)Chrysotile, tremolite and fibrogenicity. (4/222)
Recently published analyses have shown that the risks of mesothelioma and lung cancer in Quebec chrysotile miners and millers were related to estimated level of fibrous tremolite in the mines where they had worked. An analysis has therefore been made of radiographic changes in men who in 1965 were employed by companies in Thetford Mines where the same question could be examined for fibrogenicity. Of 294 men who met the necessary requirements, 129 had worked in six centrally located mines, where the tremolite content was thought to be high, 81 in 10 peripheral mines where it was thought to be low and 84 in both. The median prevalence of small parenchymal opacities (> or = 1/0) in chest radiographs read by six readers was higher among men ever than never employed in the central mines (13.6% against 7.4%), despite the fact that the mean cumulative exposure was lower in the former (430 mpcf.y vs 520 mpcf.y). After accounting by logistic regression for cigarette smoking, age, smoking-age interaction and cumulative exposure, the adjusted odds ratio for central mine employment was 2.44 (95% lower bound: 1.06). Together with other surveys of asbestos miners and millers, this study suggests that amphibole fibres, including tremolite, are more fibrogenic than chrysotile, perhaps to the same extent that they are carcinogenic, though the data available were not sufficient to address the latter question. (+info)Asbestos-exposed blood monocytes--deoxyribonucleic acid strand lesions in co-cultured bronchial epithelial cells. (5/222)
OBJECTIVES: In lungs of asbestos-exposed persons alveolar and interstitial macrophages are able to release genotoxic substances such as reactive oxygen intermediates. It is unknown whether reactive oxygen intermediates released by macrophages are able to induce DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) strand lesions in neighboring bronchial epithelial cells. METHODS: A co-culture (transwell) system was established which allows exposure of human blood monocytes cultured on a polycarbonate membrane within a distance of 1 mm of a monolayer of the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. RESULTS: Exposure of blood monocytes to chrysotile B (100 microg/10(6)cells) caused an up to 2.8-fold increase in DNA strand lesions in co-cultured BEAS-2B cells measured by alkaline elution when compared with the levels of control cells after 1, 3, 24, and 48 hours. The main DNA damage thus occurred as early as within 1 hour of incubation, corresponding to the time course of the release of reactive oxygen intermediates by blood monocytes determined by chemiluminescence. The maximum release of reactive oxygen intermediates (3.2-fold increase over control values) was measured after 30 minutes of exposure of blood monocytes to chrysotile B. The addition of catalase (200 U/ml) or desferoxamine (100 microM) to the culture medium blocked almost completely the induction of DNA strand lesions in this system (maximum 85%). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure of blood monocytes to chrysotile B results in an increase in the release of reactive oxygen intermediates and induces DNA strand lesions in neighboring bronchial epithelial cells. (+info)Increased phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase immunoreactivity associated with proliferative and morphologic lung alterations after chrysotile asbestos inhalation in mice. (6/222)
Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) has been associated with the advent of asbestos-associated apoptosis and proliferation in mesothelial and alveolar epithelial cells and may be linked to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. The objective of studies here was to characterize the development of inflammation, cellular proliferation, and fibrosis in asbestos-exposed C57Bl/6 mice in relationship to patterns of ERK phosphorylation. Inflammation occurred after 10 and 20 days of asbestos exposure as evidenced by increases in total protein and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Increases in cell proliferation were observed at 30 days in bronchiolar epithelia and at 4, 14, and 30 days in the alveolar compartment of the lung. Trichrome-positive focal lesions of pulmonary fibrosis developed at 30 days in the absence of elevations in lung hydroxyproline or procollagen mRNA levels. Striking increases in ERK phosphorylation were observed within pulmonary epithelial cells at sites of developing fibrotic lesions after 14 and 30 days of inhalation. In addition to characterizing a murine inhalation model of asbestosis, we provide the first evidence showing activation of ERK signaling within lung epithelium in vivo, following inhalation of asbestos fibers. (+info)Vitronectin adsorption to chrysotile asbestos increases fiber phagocytosis and toxicity for mesothelial cells. (7/222)
Biological modification of asbestos fibers can alter their interaction with target cells. We have shown that vitronectin (VN), a major adhesive protein in serum, adsorbs to crocidolite asbestos and increases fiber phagocytosis by mesothelial cells via integrins. Because chrysotile asbestos differs significantly from crocidolite in charge and shape, we asked whether VN would also adsorb to chrysotile asbestos and increase its toxicity for mesothelial cells. We found that VN, either from purified solutions or from serum, adsorbed to chrysotile but at a lower amount per surface area than to crocidolite. Nevertheless, VN coating increased the phagocytosis of chrysotile as well as of crocidolite asbestos. VN coating of both chrysotile and crocidolite, but not of glass beads, increased intracellular oxidation and apoptosis of mesothelial cells. The additional apoptosis could be blocked by integrin-ligand blockade with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptides, confirming a role for integrins in the fiber-induced toxicity. We conclude that VN increases the phagocytosis of chrysotile as well as of crocidolite asbestos and that phagocytosis is important in fiber-induced toxicity for mesothelial cells. (+info)Differentially expressed genes in asbestos-induced tumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells: implication for mechanism. (8/222)
Although exposure to asbestos fibers is associated with the development of lung cancer, the underlying mechanism(s) remains unclear. Using human papillomavirus-immortalized human bronchial epithelial (BEP2D) cells, we previously showed that UICC chrysotiles can malignantly transform these cells in a stepwise fashion before they become tumorigenic in nude mice. In the present study we used cDNA expression arrays to screen differentially expressed genes among the tumorigenic cells. A total of 15 genes were identified, 11 of which were further confirmed by northern blot. Expression levels of these genes were then determined among transformed BEP2D cells at different stages of the neoplastic process, including non-tumorigenic cells that were resistant to serum-induced terminal differentiation, early and late passage transformed BEP2D cells, five representative tumor cell lines and fused tumorigenic-control cell lines which were no longer tumorigenic. A consistent 2- to 3-fold down-regulation of the DCC (deleted in colon cancer), Ku70 and heat shock protein 27 genes were detected in all the independently generated tumor cell lines while expression levels in early transformants as well as in the fusion cell lines remained normal. In contrast, all the tumor cell lines examined demonstrated 2- to 4-fold overexpression of the insulin receptor and its signal transduction genes. Differential expression of these genes was completely restored in the fusion cell lines examined. No alteration in c-jun or EGF receptor expression was found in any of the cell lines. Our data suggest that activation of the insulin receptor pathway and inactivation of DCC and Ku70 may cooperate in malignant transformation of BEP2D cells induced by asbestos. (+info)The symptoms of mesothelioma can vary depending on the location of the cancer, but they may include:
* Shortness of breath or pain in the chest (for pleural mesothelioma)
* Abdominal pain or swelling (for peritoneal mesothelioma)
* Fatigue or fever (for pericardial mesothelioma)
* Weight loss and night sweats
There is no cure for mesothelioma, but treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The prognosis for mesothelioma is generally poor, with a five-year survival rate of about 5% to 10%. However, the outlook can vary depending on the type of mesothelioma, the stage of the cancer, and the patient's overall health.
Asbestos exposure is the primary risk factor for developing mesothelioma, and it is important to avoid exposure to asbestos in any form. This can be done by avoiding old buildings and products that contain asbestos, wearing protective clothing and equipment when working with asbestos, and following proper safety protocols when handling asbestos-containing materials.
In summary, mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that develops in the lining of the heart or abdomen due to exposure to asbestos. It can be difficult to diagnose and treat, and the prognosis is generally poor. However, with proper medical care and avoidance of asbestos exposure, patients with mesothelioma may have a better chance of survival.
Some common types of pleural diseases include:
1. Pleurisy: This is an inflammation of the pleura that can be caused by infection, injury, or cancer. Symptoms include chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.
2. Pneumothorax: This is a collection of air or gas between the pleural membranes that can cause the lung to collapse. Symptoms include sudden severe chest pain, shortness of breath, and coughing up blood.
3. Empyema: This is an infection of the pleural space that can cause the accumulation of pus and fluid. Symptoms include fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
4. Mesothelioma: This is a type of cancer that affects the pleura and can cause symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and weight loss.
5. Pleural effusion: This is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space that can be caused by various conditions such as infection, heart failure, or cancer. Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and coughing up fluid.
Pleural diseases can be diagnosed through various tests such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and pleuroscopy (a minimally invasive procedure that uses a thin tube with a camera and light on the end to examine the pleura). Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause of the disease and can include antibiotics, surgery, or radiation therapy.
Benign pleural neoplasms include:
1. Pleomorphic adenoma: A rare, slow-growing tumor that usually occurs in the soft tissues of the chest wall.
2. Pneumoschisis: A condition where there is a tear or separation in the membrane that lines the lung, which can cause air to leak into the pleural space and create a benign tumor.
3. Pleural plaques: Calcified deposits that form in the pleura as a result of inflammation or injury.
Malignant pleural neoplasms include:
1. Mesothelioma: A rare and aggressive cancer that originates in the pleura, usually caused by exposure to asbestos.
2. Lung cancer: Cancer that spreads to the pleura from another part of the body, such as the lungs.
3. Metastatic tumors: Tumors that have spread to the pleura from another part of the body, such as the breast or colon.
Pleural neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms, including chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing, and fatigue. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of imaging tests, such as CT scans and PET scans, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment options for pleural neoplasms depend on the type and stage of the tumor, and may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
HCS was first described in the medical literature in 1980 and has since been found to affect individuals of all ages and backgrounds, although it is more common in certain populations such as those of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. The syndrome is usually diagnosed based on a combination of clinical features and genetic testing, which can identify the presence of mutations in the IL12B gene.
Treatment for HCS typically focuses on managing the symptoms and preventing complications, and may include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, and other supportive therapies. In some cases, bone marrow transplantation may be considered as a potential treatment option. The long-term outlook for individuals with HCS varies depending on the severity of their symptoms and the presence of any complications, but many individuals with the syndrome can lead active and productive lives with proper management and care.
Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome is also known as chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) type 3 or autoinflammatory disease 10 (AID10). It is a rare and complex condition that requires careful monitoring and management by a team of healthcare professionals, including specialists in immunology, infectious diseases, and genetics.
There are several types of hyperpigmentation, including:
1. Melasma: A common form of hyperpigmentation that occurs in women, especially during pregnancy, and is characterized by dark patches on the face.
2. Post-inflammatory hypopigmentation (PIH): This type of hyperpigmentation occurs after an inflammatory condition such as acne, eczema, or a skin infection, and is characterized by lighter areas of skin.
3. Freckles: Small, dark spots that can occur anywhere on the body, but are more common in people with fair skin.
4. Age spots (liver spots): These are flat, brown spots that can occur due to aging and exposure to the sun.
5. Sun damage: Prolonged exposure to the sun can cause hyperpigmentation in the form of freckles, age spots, or uneven skin tone.
There are several treatment options for hyperpigmentation, including topical creams and laser therapy. These treatments can help to reduce the appearance of dark patches and improve the overall appearance of the skin. It is important to consult a dermatologist to determine the best course of treatment for your specific condition.
1. Asbestosis: a lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers.
2. Carpal tunnel syndrome: a nerve disorder caused by repetitive motion and pressure on the wrist.
3. Mesothelioma: a type of cancer caused by exposure to asbestos.
4. Pneumoconiosis: a lung disease caused by inhaling dust from mining or other heavy industries.
5. Repetitive strain injuries: injuries caused by repetitive motions, such as typing or using vibrating tools.
6. Skin conditions: such as skin irritation and dermatitis caused by exposure to chemicals or other substances in the workplace.
7. Hearing loss: caused by loud noises in the workplace.
8. Back injuries: caused by lifting, bending, or twisting.
9. Respiratory problems: such as asthma and other breathing difficulties caused by exposure to chemicals or dust in the workplace.
10. Cancer: caused by exposure to carcinogens such as radiation, certain chemicals, or heavy metals in the workplace.
Occupational diseases can be difficult to diagnose and treat, as they often develop gradually over time and may not be immediately attributed to the work environment. In some cases, these diseases may not appear until years after exposure has ended. It is important for workers to be aware of the potential health risks associated with their job and take steps to protect themselves, such as wearing protective gear, following safety protocols, and seeking regular medical check-ups. Employers also have a responsibility to provide a safe work environment and follow strict regulations to prevent the spread of occupational diseases.
There are several types of intracranial thrombosis, including:
1. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST): This type of thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in the veins that drain blood from the brain. CVST is more common in young adults and is often associated with certain risk factors, such as cancer, infection, or trauma.
2. Cerebral arterial thrombosis (CAT): This type of thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in an artery that supplies blood to the brain. CAT is more common in older adults and is often associated with risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart disease.
3. Pial sinus thrombosis: This type of thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in the pial sinuses, which are specialized blood vessels that surround the brain. Pial sinus thrombosis is more common in children and young adults.
The symptoms of intracranial thrombosis can vary depending on the location and size of the clot, but may include:
1. Headache: A severe headache is often the first symptom of intracranial thrombosis. The headache may be sudden and severe, or it may develop gradually over time.
2. Confusion: Patients with intracranial thrombosis may experience confusion, disorientation, or difficulty concentrating.
3. Weakness or numbness: Patients may experience weakness or numbness in their arms, legs, or face on one side of the body.
4. Vision problems: Intracranial thrombosis can cause vision problems, such as blurred vision, double vision, or loss of peripheral vision.
5. Speech difficulties: Patients may experience difficulty speaking or understanding speech.
6. Seizures: In some cases, intracranial thrombosis can cause seizures.
7. Fever: Patients with intracranial thrombosis may develop a fever, especially if the clot is infected.
8. Weakness in the limbs: Patients may experience weakness or paralysis in their arms or legs.
9. Difficulty swallowing: Patients may have difficulty swallowing or experience drooling.
10. Change in mental status: Patients with intracranial thrombosis may exhibit changes in their mental status, such as lethargy, agitation, or confusion.
If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Intracranial thrombosis can be diagnosed through imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans, and treated with anticoagulant medications, thrombolysis, or surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent long-term damage and improve outcomes for patients.
Intracranial aneurysms are relatively rare but can have serious consequences if they rupture and cause bleeding in the brain.
The symptoms of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm may include headaches, seizures, and visual disturbances.
If an intracranial aneurysm ruptures, it can lead to a subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding in the space around the brain), which is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
Diagnosis of an intracranial aneurysm typically involves imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans, and may also involve catheter angiography.
Treatment for intracranial aneurysms usually involves surgical clipping or endovascular coiling, depending on the size, location, and severity of the aneurysm.
Preventing rupture of intracranial aneurysms is important, as they can be difficult to treat once they have ruptured.
Endovascular coiling is a minimally invasive procedure in which a catheter is inserted into the affected artery and a small coil is inserted into the aneurysm, causing it to clot and preventing further bleeding.
Surgical clipping involves placing a small metal clip across the base of the aneurysm to prevent further bleeding.
In addition to these treatments, medications such as anticonvulsants and antihypertensives may be used to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
There are several types of lung neoplasms, including:
1. Adenocarcinoma: This is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 40% of all lung cancers. It is a malignant tumor that originates in the glands of the respiratory tract and can be found in any part of the lung.
2. Squamous cell carcinoma: This type of lung cancer accounts for approximately 25% of all lung cancers and is more common in men than women. It is a malignant tumor that originates in the squamous cells lining the airways of the lungs.
3. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC): This is a highly aggressive form of lung cancer that accounts for approximately 15% of all lung cancers. It is often found in the central parts of the lungs and can spread quickly to other parts of the body.
4. Large cell carcinoma: This is a rare type of lung cancer that accounts for only about 5% of all lung cancers. It is a malignant tumor that originates in the large cells of the respiratory tract and can be found in any part of the lung.
5. Bronchioalveolar carcinoma (BAC): This is a rare type of lung cancer that originates in the cells lining the airways and alveoli of the lungs. It is more common in women than men and tends to affect older individuals.
6. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM): This is a rare, progressive, and often fatal lung disease that primarily affects women of childbearing age. It is characterized by the growth of smooth muscle-like cells in the lungs and can lead to cysts, lung collapse, and respiratory failure.
7. Hamartoma: This is a benign tumor that originates in the tissue of the lungs and is usually found in children. It is characterized by an overgrowth of normal lung tissue and can be treated with surgery.
8. Secondary lung cancer: This type of cancer occurs when cancer cells from another part of the body spread to the lungs through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. It is more common in people who have a history of smoking or exposure to other carcinogens.
9. Metastatic cancer: This type of cancer occurs when cancer cells from another part of the body spread to the lungs through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. It is more common in people who have a history of smoking or exposure to other carcinogens.
10. Mesothelioma: This is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that originates in the lining of the lungs or abdomen. It is caused by asbestos exposure and can be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Lung diseases can also be classified based on their cause, such as:
1. Infectious diseases: These are caused by bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms and can include pneumonia, tuberculosis, and bronchitis.
2. Autoimmune diseases: These are caused by an overactive immune system and can include conditions such as sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
3. Genetic diseases: These are caused by inherited mutations in genes that affect the lungs and can include cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia.
4. Environmental diseases: These are caused by exposure to harmful substances such as tobacco smoke, air pollution, and asbestos.
5. Radiological diseases: These are caused by exposure to ionizing radiation and can include conditions such as radiographic breast cancer and lung cancer.
6. Vascular diseases: These are caused by problems with the blood vessels in the lungs and can include conditions such as pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension.
7. Tumors: These can be benign or malignant and can include conditions such as lung metastases and lung cancer.
8. Trauma: This can include injuries to the chest or lungs caused by accidents or other forms of trauma.
9. Congenital diseases: These are present at birth and can include conditions such as bronchopulmonary foregut malformations and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation.
Each type of lung disease has its own set of symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any persistent or severe respiratory symptoms, as early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and quality of life.
Mesothelial neoplasms are relatively rare compared to other types of cancer, but they can be aggressive and difficult to treat. The most common type of mesothelial neoplasm is malignant mesothelioma, which can arise from any of the three layers of mesothelium. Other less common types include benign mesothelioma and sarcomatoid mesothelioma.
The symptoms of mesothelial neoplasms vary depending on the location and size of the tumor. They may include chest pain, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, or swelling in the affected area. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of imaging studies (such as CT scans or PET scans) and biopsy, where a sample of tissue is removed from the tumor for examination under a microscope.
Treatment options for mesothelial neoplasms depend on the location, size, and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy may be used alone or in combination to treat the disease. Prognosis is generally poor for malignant mesothelioma, with a five-year survival rate of less than 10%. However, patients with benign mesothelioma have a better prognosis, with a five-year survival rate of up to 50%.
There are several types of pulmonary fibrosis, including:
1. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): This is the most common and severe form of the disease, with no known cause or risk factors. It is characterized by a rapid decline in lung function and poor prognosis.
2. Connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary fibrosis: This type is associated with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and scleroderma.
3. Drug-induced pulmonary fibrosis: Certain medications, such as amiodarone and nitrofurantoin, can cause lung damage and scarring.
4. Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis: Exposure to high doses of radiation, especially in childhood, can increase the risk of developing pulmonary fibrosis later in life.
5. Environmental exposures: Exposure to pollutants such as silica, asbestos, and coal dust can increase the risk of developing pulmonary fibrosis.
Symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis include shortness of breath, coughing, and fatigue. The disease can be diagnosed through a combination of imaging tests such as chest X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as lung biopsy.
Treatment options for pulmonary fibrosis are limited and vary depending on the underlying cause of the disease. Medications such as pirfenidone and nintedanib can help slow the progression of the disease, while lung transplantation may be an option for advanced cases.
Polyploidy is a condition where an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes, which are the thread-like structures that carry genetic information. It can occur in both plants and animals, although it is relatively rare in most species. In humans, polyploidy is extremely rare and usually occurs as a result of errors during cell division or abnormal fertilization.
In medicine, polyploidy is often used to describe certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer or colon cancer, that have extra sets of chromosomes. This can lead to the development of more aggressive and difficult-to-treat tumors.
However, not all cases of polyploidy are cancerous. Some individuals with Down syndrome, for example, have an extra copy of chromosome 21, which is a non-cancerous form of polyploidy. Additionally, some people may be born with extra copies of certain genes or chromosomal regions due to errors during embryonic development, which can lead to various health problems but are not cancerous.
Overall, the term "polyploidy" in medicine is used to describe any condition where an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes, regardless of whether it is cancerous or non-cancerous.
There are several forms of pneumoconiosis, including:
* Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP): caused by inhalation of coal dust in coal miners.
* Silicosis: caused by inhalation of silica dust in workers such as quarry workers, miners, and others who work with silica-containing materials.
* Asbestosis: caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers, which can lead to inflammation and scarring of the lungs.
* Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: caused by exposure to specific organic dusts, such as those found in agricultural or woodworking settings.
The symptoms of pneumoconiosis can vary depending on the type and severity of the disease, but may include coughing, shortness of breath, fatigue, and fever. In severe cases, pneumoconiosis can lead to respiratory failure and other complications.
Diagnosis of pneumoconiosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and lung function tests. Treatment for pneumoconiosis may include medications to manage symptoms, pulmonary rehabilitation, and measures to reduce exposure to the offending particles. In severe cases, lung transplantation may be necessary.
Prevention of pneumoconiosis is critical, and this involves implementing appropriate safety measures in workplaces where workers are exposed to dusts or other particles. This can include using respiratory protection equipment, improving ventilation, and reducing exposure to hazardous materials. Early detection and treatment of pneumoconiosis can help to slow the progression of the disease and improve outcomes for affected individuals.
Cocarcinogenesis can occur through various mechanisms, such as:
1. Synergistic effects: The combined effect of two or more substances is greater than the sum of their individual effects. For example, smoking and exposure to asbestos can increase the risk of lung cancer more than either factor alone.
2. Antagonism: One substance may counteract the protective effects of another substance, leading to an increased risk of cancer. For example, alcohol consumption may antagonize the protective effects of a healthy diet against liver cancer.
3. Potentiation: One substance may enhance the carcinogenic effects of another substance. For example, smoking can potentiate the carcinogenic effects of exposure to certain chemicals in tobacco smoke.
4. Multistage carcinogenesis: Cocarcinogens can contribute to the development of cancer through multiple stages of carcinogenesis, including initiation, promotion, and progression.
Understanding cocarcinogenesis is important for developing effective cancer prevention strategies and for identifying potential co-carcinogens in our environment and diet. By identifying and avoiding co-carcinogens, we can reduce our risk of cancer and improve our overall health.
Some common types of lung diseases include:
1. Asthma: A chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A progressive condition that causes chronic inflammation and damage to the airways and lungs, making it difficult to breathe.
3. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to fever, chills, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
4. Bronchiectasis: A condition where the airways are damaged and widened, leading to chronic infections and inflammation.
5. Pulmonary Fibrosis: A condition where the lungs become scarred and stiff, making it difficult to breathe.
6. Lung Cancer: A malignant tumor that develops in the lungs, often caused by smoking or exposure to carcinogens.
7. Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the respiratory and digestive systems, leading to chronic infections and inflammation in the lungs.
8. Tuberculosis (TB): An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body.
9. Pulmonary Embolism: A blockage in one of the arteries in the lungs, often caused by a blood clot that has traveled from another part of the body.
10. Sarcoidosis: An inflammatory disease that affects various organs in the body, including the lungs, leading to the formation of granulomas and scarring.
These are just a few examples of conditions that can affect the lungs and respiratory system. It's important to note that many of these conditions can be treated with medication, therapy, or surgery, but early detection is key to successful treatment outcomes.
Asbestos
Serpentine soil
Kumchon County
Serpentinite
San Benito Mountain
San Benito River
Peridotite
Geology of Tasmania
Yinyuan
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الفك vanadinite milleriteChrysotile-asbestos7
- Chrysotile asbestos. (who.int)
- Bulk quarry samples analyzed at the time of resurfacing contained 1 to 10 percent chrysotile-asbestos (12001295). (cdc.gov)
- Amphibole asbestos fibers are generally brittle and often have a rod- or needle-like shape, whereas chrysotile asbestos fibers are flexible and curved. (cdc.gov)
- Barry Castleman & members of the Rotterdam Convention Alliance (ROCA) demonstrated at the FAO rooftop to raise awareness on the banning of chrysotile asbestos. (asbestosfreeindia.org)
- however, one study that included an asbestos textile plant located in Marshville, North Carolina that processed chrysotile asbestos was used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2020 to help inform the agency's chrysotile asbestos risk assessment. (bvsalud.org)
- Our results show that the simultaneous use of portable devices such as p-µR and p-XRF may be useful in quickly identifying fibrous chrysotile asbestos in Eternit, as well as polyvinyl fibers in new material FRC used as substitutes for Eternit. (bvsalud.org)
- This study evaluated the potential for chrysotile asbestos exposure during maintenance and operation of older, nonautomated heavy equipment with chrysotile-containing brake and clutch linings. (bvsalud.org)
Crocidolite5
- At exposure levels seen in occupational cohorts it is concluded that the exposure specific risk of mesothelioma from the three principal commercial asbestos types is broadly in the ratio 1:100:500 for chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite respectively. (nih.gov)
- Minerals important in asbestos analysis include cummingtonite-grunerite, crocidolite, tremolite-actinolite and anthophyllite. (osha.gov)
- Asbestos includes chrysotile, cummingtonite-grunerite asbestos (amosite), anthophyllite asbestos, tremolite asbestos, crocidolite, actinolite asbestos and any of these minerals which have been chemically treated or altered. (osha.gov)
- Asbestos is the name given to a group of six different fibrous minerals (amosite, chrysotile, crocidolite, and the fibrous varieties of tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite) that occur naturally in the environment. (cdc.gov)
- The amphibole types of asbestos (crocidolite, amosite, tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite) are generally made up of straight, needle-like fibers consisting of strips of silica tetrahedra linked by one or more cations (calcium, sodium, magnesium, and iron). (nih.gov)
Anthophyllite1
- Ca(2)(Mg,Fe)(5)Si(8)O(22)(OH)(2) Anthophyllite asbestos. (osha.gov)
Mineral12
- Asbestos fibers are classified by mineral structure as serpentine or amphibole. (cdc.gov)
- Asbestos and other elongate mineral particles, or EMPs (see sidebar ), can cause cancers and a variety of noncancer health effects, Weis explained. (nih.gov)
- This study explored the use of microbe-mineral interactions between asbestos (and asbestos-like) minerals and thermophilic chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms as possible mineral dissolution treatments targeting their toxic properties. (nih.gov)
- We examined whether exudates from bacteria and fungi at environmentally relevant concentrations can alter chrysotile, the most widely used asbestos mineral, and lower its toxicity. (nih.gov)
- Serpentine: A mineral family consisting of minerals with the general composition Mg(3)(Si(2)O(5)(OH)(4) having the magnesium in brucite layer over a silicate layer. (osha.gov)
- However, the most common form of asbestos, chrysotile, may have some minor mineral loss in acidic environments. (cdc.gov)
- Pneumoconiosis is a lung disease that is caused by the inhalation and deposition of mineral dust, with asbestosis being a form of pneumoconiosis that is specifically caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers. (medscape.com)
- Asbestos is the generic term used for the group of fibrous mineral silicates of magnesium and iron whose chemical and physical properties make it ideal for a variety of commercial and industrial uses. (medscape.com)
- In many instances, nonasbestiform mineral particles have been identified as microscopic fibers of asbestos-related minerals. (cdc.gov)
- This paper summarizes the methods and terminology suggested by the Bureau of Mines to identify and characterize mineral particles by morphological, compositional, and structural data using various instrumental analytical techniques and also sharpens the distinction between common serpentine and amphibole minerals and their relatively rare asbestiform varieties. (cdc.gov)
- The mineral names are often distinguished by adding the modifier asbestos after the name for those minerals that may occur both as a fiber and not as a fiber. (nih.gov)
- California will never rid its air of some forms of asbestos because of the minerals in serpentine.The rock should be called Serpentinite and not Serpentine, Serpentine is a mineral group. (lithophiles.com)
Amphibole asbestos5
- amphibole asbestos [ 1332-21-4]. (cdc.gov)
- Amphibole asbestos is characterized by having a straight, jagged shape. (comparisonsmaster.com)
- During the EPA proceedings toxic tort defense consultants submitted comments to the EPA docket and made public presentations asserting that the Marshville plant had processed amphibole asbestos types and should not be used for the chrysotile risk assessment. (bvsalud.org)
- Amphibole asbestos has been found in some vermiculite sources used as home and building insulation. (lcarp.org)
- Because chrysotile has different chemical and physical properties to other asbestos fibres, it is important to conduct studies specifically of chrysotile to improve knowledge about its carcinogenicity, as distinct from that of amphibole asbestos or mixtures of chrysotile and amphiboles. (who.int)
Exposure28
- Research showing a clear link between asbestos exposure and various serious diseases has resulted in increased regulation of asbestos and high burdens of corporate liability due to cessation of asbestos mining in the United States in 2002 and the dramatic decline in commercial use of imported asbestos in the United States since the late 1970s. (cdc.gov)
- We must fully characterize EMP exposure to understand the full spectrum of health implications," said Weis, on potential tests for whether asbestos occurs in cosmetics and personal care products. (nih.gov)
- Mortality reports on asbestos exposed cohorts which gave information on exposure levels from which (as a minimum) a cohort average cumulative exposure could be estimated were reviewed. (nih.gov)
- This public health statement tells you about asbestos and the effects of exposure. (cdc.gov)
- The classic radiographic appearance of asbestosis is nonspecific, but the presence of ancillary findings, such as pleural plaques or diffuse pleural thickening, strongly suggests asbestos exposure as the cause. (medscape.com)
- Individual HRCT scan findings are nonspecific, but the likelihood that the fibrosis is the result of asbestos exposure increases with the number of characteristic abnormalities observed and the presence of asbestos-related abnormalities, such as pleural disease. (medscape.com)
- Decades after asbestos exposure, deadly diseases like mesothelioma lung cancer and asbestosis can strike. (myinjuryattorney.com)
- In this case, the asbestos exposure affects family members of these workers, as well. (myinjuryattorney.com)
- Asbestos exposure accounts for about 80 percent of cases of mesothelioma. (myinjuryattorney.com)
- There are high chances of exposure when cutting, drilling, and sanding asbestos. (comparisonsmaster.com)
- The longer the period of exposure to asbestos, the higher the chances of getting related health complications. (comparisonsmaster.com)
- The 1958 Wrongs Act allows individuals seek full compensation if they experience loss of income due to illness caused by exposure to asbestos at their workplace. (comparisonsmaster.com)
- Given that exposure to asbestos is a serious health hazard, its rapid and reliable detection in situ on residential buildings is important both for citizens and for administrative bodies charged with safeguarding public health. (bvsalud.org)
- Exposure to asbestos-contaminated vermiculite occurs mostly during occupational exposure or exposure to contaminated clothing among worker's families. (lcarp.org)
- However, exposure can occur only when materials containing asbestos are disturbed in some way to release fibers into the air. (lcarp.org)
- When asbestos-containing materials are solidly embedded or contained, exposure risk will be minimal. (lcarp.org)
- Exposure to asbestos may occur from ambient air, indoor air, or water. (accas.info)
- Effects on the lung are a major health concern from asbestos, as chronic (long-term) exposure to asbestos in humans via inhalation can result in a lung disease termed asbestosis. (accas.info)
- Cancer is also a major concern associated with asbestos exposure, as inhalation exposure causes lung cancer and mesothelioma (a rare cancer of the thin membranes lining the abdominal cavity and surrounding internal organs), and possibly stomach, laryngeal, and colorectal cancer. (accas.info)
- Please Note: The main sources of information for this fact sheet are EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (2), which contains information on the carcinogenic effects of asbestos including the unit cancer risk for inhalation exposure, and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR's) Toxicological Profile for Asbestos. (accas.info)
- Airborne exposure to asbestos may occur through the erosion of natural deposits in asbestos bearing rocks, from a variety of asbestos-related industries, or from clutches and brakes on cars and trucks. (accas.info)
- Chronic inhalation exposure to asbestos in humans can lead to a lung disease called asbestosis, which consists of a diffuse fibrous scarring of the lungs. (accas.info)
- Other effects from asbestos exposure via inhalation in humans include pulmonary hypertension and immunological effects. (accas.info)
- A large number of occupational studies have reported that exposure to asbestos via inhalationcauses lung cancer and mesothelioma (a rare cancer of the membranes lining the abdominal cavity and surrounding internal organs). (accas.info)
- All asbestos work has to observe the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 to limit and prevent any exposure to asbestos fibres and dust. (asbestosremovalz.uk)
- Groups not described in this table, but for whom there is considerable concern about substantial asbestos exposure, include workers in the building and demolition trades and mainte- nance workers. (nih.gov)
- The number of workers exposed to asbestos in the United States has been variously calculated, but a detailed review by Nicholson and colleagues (1982) estimated that 18.8 million workers have had more than 2 months of exposure in occupations where significant asbestos exposure may have occurred. (nih.gov)
- First, asbestos-related cancers typically arise several decades after first exposure. (who.int)
Forms of asbestos8
- All forms of asbestos are hazardous, and all can cause cancer, but amphibole forms of asbestos are considered to be somewhat more hazardous to health than chrysotile. (cdc.gov)
- Serpentine forms of asbestos have curly fibers. (myinjuryattorney.com)
- A mphibole forms of asbestos have needle-like fibers. (myinjuryattorney.com)
- Different forms of asbestos serve different purposes. (myinjuryattorney.com)
- While all forms of asbestos have been determined to be carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as well as other authoritative bodies, the relative carcinogenic potency of chrysotile continues to be argued, largely in the context of toxic tort litigation. (bvsalud.org)
- The rock is composed of several minerals including several forms of asbestos. (lithophiles.com)
- WHO, in collaboration with the International Labour Organization and other intergovernmental organizations and civil society, has recognized that stopping the use of all forms of asbestos is the most efficient way to eliminate asbestos-related diseases ( WHO Fact Sheet No. 343 ). (who.int)
- This is evidenced in countries that now have the highest mesothelioma mortality rates worldwide, such as Australia, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, all of which have long banned the use of all forms of asbestos (bans were extended to include chrysotile in 1989 in Australia, in 1993 in the Netherlands, and in 1999 in the United Kingdom). (who.int)
White asbestos4
- Serpentine is curly and is mainly of one category called Chrysotile also known as 'white asbestos. (comparisonsmaster.com)
- Supporters of corporate barbarism like Russia, India, Pakistan and Canada compelled the UN conference TO miss the opportunity to list chrysotile (white) asbestos for the fourth time. (asbestosfreeindia.org)
- Chrysotile, a serpentine (white asbestos), comprises pliable, curl: fibers that are formed individually from fibrillar subunits. (nih.gov)
- Under a moderate magnification of 1000X, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image revealed some of the microcrystalline ultrastructure exhibited by a piece of raw chrysotile, or white asbestos, which had been excavated from the Lowell Asbestos Mine on Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. (cdc.gov)
Fibrous4
- Asbestos is the generic name given to a commercially and legally defined group of six naturally occurring fibrous silicate minerals that have been widely used in commercial products. (cdc.gov)
- Asbestos is a group of fibrous silicate minerals. (cdc.gov)
- Asbestos: A term for naturally occurring fibrous minerals. (osha.gov)
- However, because they are not fibrous, they are not classified as asbestos minerals. (cdc.gov)
Minerals10
- Many of these minerals are not included in the legal definition of asbestos and are not regulated. (cdc.gov)
- Other amphibole particles that have aspect ratios greater than 3:1 and elemental compositions similar to the asbestos minerals may interfere in the TEM analysis. (cdc.gov)
- In nature, plants, fungi, and microorganisms release exudates, which can alter the physical and chemical properties of soil minerals including asbestos minerals. (nih.gov)
- Minerals important in asbestos analysis included in this family are chrysotile, lizardite, antigorite. (osha.gov)
- One of these, namely chrysotile, belongs to the serpentine family of minerals, while all of the others belong to the amphibole family. (cdc.gov)
- Asbestos minerals consist of thin, separable fibers that have a parallel arrangement. (cdc.gov)
- Asbestos is a set of silicate minerals or rock-forming minerals that contain silicon compounds. (myinjuryattorney.com)
- Asbestos is a group of naturally occurring silicate minerals characterized by small, but relatively long and thin fibers. (lcarp.org)
- The asbestos minerals are classified according to structural features into two groups, serpentine and amphibole. (nih.gov)
- The minerals in the serpentine family contain mostly magnesium and silicon, but also can contain iron and aluminum. (lithophiles.com)
Form of asbestos2
- While asbestos is the most common form of asbestos in the United States. (myinjuryattorney.com)
- Chrysotile is the most used form of asbestos worldwide and the only one that is commercially mined today. (who.int)
Amphiboles2
- Some non-asbestos amphibole m inerals may give electron diffraction patterns similar to asbestos amphiboles. (cdc.gov)
- Asbestos is classified into 2 groups, based on its physical properties: the serpentines, which tend to be wavy and long, and the amphiboles, which are straight and rodlike. (medscape.com)
Building insulation1
- For example, in 1973 the EPA banned the use of spray-on building insulation and fireproofing containing more than 1 percent asbestos under authority of the Clean Air Act [EPA 2013] https://www.epa.gov/asbestos/asbestos-laws-and-regulations#phaseout . (cdc.gov)
Toxicity3
- The Fe content and the morphometry of asbestos are two major factors linked to its toxicity. (nih.gov)
- Siderophore-mediated iron removal from chrysotile: Implications for asbestos toxicity reduction and bioremediation. (nih.gov)
- No studies were located on the acute (short-term) toxicity of asbestos in animals or humans. (accas.info)
Silicate1
- A type of asbestos that occurs in nature as the dihydrate of magnesium silicate. (nih.gov)
Wearing down of manufactu1
- However, pieces of fibers can enter the air and water from the weathering of natural deposits and the wearing down of manufactured asbestos products. (cdc.gov)
Diseases3
- Although asbestos is noncancerous, it causes deadly respiratory diseases as asbestos fibers cause scarring in the lungs. (comparisonsmaster.com)
- Many asbestos-related diseases take up to 40 to 50 years before showing signs and symptoms. (comparisonsmaster.com)
- The World Health Assembly, in Resolution WHA 60.26, requested the World Health Organization (WHO) to conduct global campaigns for the elimination of asbestos-related diseases. (who.int)
Asbestosis3
- This article focuses on asbestosis, which specifically refers to the bilateral, diffuse, interstitial fibrosis of the lungs caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. (medscape.com)
- The irreversible scarring of the lungs caused by asbestos fibres can't be cured, and asbestosis has no known remedy. (asbestosremovalz.uk)
- Mortality from asbestos-related dis: - eases in various cohort studies Asbestosis Lung cancer Type of Percent § Number in Total Meso- (pneumo- activity Study Place Fiber type smoking cohort deaths thelioma coniosis) Observed Expected SMR Mining McDonald et al. (nih.gov)
OSHA2
- In the 1970s, following enactment of various laws that established Federal agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) with missions to protect the environment, the general public, workers, and consumers, some uses of asbestos began to be banned or otherwise regulated. (cdc.gov)
- The OSHA standard for asbestos fibers greater than 5microm in length is 10f/cc. (cdc.gov)
Lung1
- The most recent IARC Monograph on this topic concluded that there is sufficient evidence that asbestos causes cancers of the lung, larynx, and ovary as well as mesothelioma ( 1 ). (who.int)
Make asbestos2
- These properties make asbestos commercially useful but also stable in the environment. (cdc.gov)
- In its coarse form, Serpentine was used to make asbestos. (thatcrystalsite.com)
Occurs2
- Asbestos occurs naturally, but much of its current presence in the environment stems from mining and commercial uses. (cdc.gov)
- It occurs in glaucophane schist in a serpentine body. (lithophiles.com)
Uses of asbestos2
Effects of asbestos1
- No studies were located on the developmental or reproductive effects of asbestos in animals or humans via inhalation. (accas.info)
Known to cause cancer in humans1
- Every kind of asbestos is known to cause cancer in humans. (myinjuryattorney.com)
Cement4
- accordingly, in recent decades, fiber-reinforced cement (FRC) has been used as a substitute for asbestos cement (AC). (bvsalud.org)
- Asbestos can be found in a variety of building materials, such as insulation, ceiling or floor tiles, and cement pipes. (lcarp.org)
- Asbestos may be released into water from a number of sources, including erosion of natural deposits, corrosion from asbestos-cement pipes, and disintegration of asbestos roofing materials with subsequent transport into sewers. (accas.info)
- Because of how some asbestos components are made and their likelihood to release harmful fibres into the air, items like loose fill cavity insulations, asbestos insulation boards and pipe lagging are classed as a greater risk to health than roofing panels and asbestos cement sheets. (asbestosremovalz.uk)
MICROSCOPY4
- This method is use d to determine asbestos fibers in the optically visible range and is intended to complement the results obtained by phase con trast microscopy (Method 7400). (cdc.gov)
- This method describes the collection and analysis of asbestos bulk materials by light microscopy techniques including phase-polar illumination and central-stop dispersion microscopy. (osha.gov)
- This manuscript focuses on portable micro-Raman spectroscopy coupled with portable microscopy (p-µR) and portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) as a means to identify chrysotile fibers in AC (Eternit) and fibers present in the asbestos-free FRC used as a substitute. (bvsalud.org)
- The combined use of detection methods called light microscopy, electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis offer the most accurate approach to identify asbestos and to estimate concentrations that may become airborne upon disturbance. (lcarp.org)
Fibres1
- But, with asbestos dust and fibres capable of doing long term damage and cause lasting effects on people's health, it's better to be safe than sorry. (asbestosremovalz.uk)
Respiratory1
- These days, it isn't commonly used as asbestos has been linked to respiratory infections. (thatcrystalsite.com)
Cancers3
- This law allows asbestos-related cancers to seek compensation. (comparisonsmaster.com)
- The Monograph also reported that positive associations have been observed between asbestos and cancers of the stomach, pharynx, and colorectum. (who.int)
- Estimation of the risk of cancers of the ovary and larynx (recently classified as asbestos-related cancers) and other cancers, especially those for which there is some evidence of an association with chrysotile (cancers of the pharynx, stomach, and colorectum). (who.int)
Carcinogen3
- Asbestos fibers are highly toxic (Group 1 carcinogen) due to their high aspect ratio, durability, and the presence of iron. (nih.gov)
- You deserve better than being exposed to a known carcinogen by your workplace or losing a family member to a disease caused by asbestos. (myinjuryattorney.com)
- EPA has classified asbestos as a Group A, known human carcinogen. (accas.info)
NIOSH1
- However, asbestos is still in use in some products today and asbestos remains in many older buildings [NIOSH 2011a]. (cdc.gov)
Hazardous7
- Note: R.H. Khwaja, Additional Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forests has betrayed the Indians and compromised their health to protect asbestos industry at the UN meeting of the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade in Rome. (asbestosfreeindia.org)
- NEW DELHI: Reacting to the "anti-worker and anti-science" position of few "reckless governments" that has created a stalemate for the U.N. hazardous chemicals treaty, the Ban Asbestos Network of India (BANI) has accused Canadian, Russian and Indian governments of turning a blind eye towards the poisonous atmosphere around the asbestos factories and the dangers it poses to the health and life of citizens. (asbestosfreeindia.org)
- Chemical and chrystolite asbestos industries and countries like India, Russia and Canada are opposed to the inclusion of these chemicals in the list although they meet the criteria to be listed as hazardous chemical. (asbestosfreeindia.org)
- The Indian government took an untenable position at a U.N. meeting in Rome by opposing the inclusion of chrystolite asbestos in the U.N.'s hazardous chemical list under the "influence" of asbestos industry and Canadian and Russian governments. (asbestosfreeindia.org)
- When the matter came up for discussion on October 28, head of the Indian delegation R.H. Khawaja, Additional Secretary, Ministry of Environment opposed the listing of chrystolite asbestos and endosulphan in the PIC list for hazardous chemicals and pesticides. (asbestosfreeindia.org)
- It is crucial that any hazardous asbestos waste is disposed of in the appropriate way, observing the stated guidelines from your local authority. (asbestosremovalz.uk)
- By using an established asbestos removal company, you can be assured they are observing all the HSE and local authority regulations with regards to hazardous waste. (asbestosremovalz.uk)
Concentrations1
- Two of six current samples contained asbestos at concentrations of 0.17 and 0.18 fiber per cubic centimeter (f/cc), length greater than 5 micrometers (microm). (cdc.gov)
Heat-resistant3
- Because of these properties, asbestos has been mined for use in a wide range of manufactured products, mostly in building materials, friction products, and heat-resistant fabrics. (cdc.gov)
- Asbestos is used to make heat resistant products, as an acoustic insulator and a thermal insulator. (comparisonsmaster.com)
- Because of its strength and heat resistant properties, asbestos has been used for several manufactured goods. (lcarp.org)
Fiber2
Aggregate1
- The road was resurfaced (SIC-1610) in 1983 with a serpentine aggregate material. (cdc.gov)
Airborne1
- When asbestos products are damaged or disturbed, fibers become airborne and can cause significant health problems when they are inhaled. (lcarp.org)
Mortality1
- The occupations and industries in which the major mortality studies of asbestos-exposed workers have been conducted are pre- sented in Table 1. (nih.gov)
Naturally3
- Asbestos belongs to a class of six naturally occurring metals made of thin, needle-like fibers. (comparisonsmaster.com)
- Naturally occurring asbestos can be released from rocks or soils by routine human activities, such as construction, or natural weathering processes. (lcarp.org)
- If naturally occurring asbestos is not disturbed and fibers are not released into the air, then it is not a health risk. (lcarp.org)
Commercially1
- Brown asbestos and blue asbestos were also used commercially. (myinjuryattorney.com)
Types3
- There are two types of asbestos fibers. (myinjuryattorney.com)
- A detailed evaluation of defense consultant assertions and supporting information and a full assessment of the available information concerning asbestos types used at the Marshville plant was undertaken. (bvsalud.org)
- There are two general types of asbestos, amphibole and serpentine. (lcarp.org)
Particulate1
- Make sure the work area is well sealed off with plastic sheets, * Turn off then air conditioning when working with asbestos materials, * Wear a respirator with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, * When working with asbestos, wear protective gears like coveralls and gloves, * Clean the work area with wet wipes or a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter. (comparisonsmaster.com)
Health hazard1
- Responsible for around five thousand deaths each year (according to the HSE), asbestos is categorised as a material that is a health hazard. (asbestosremovalz.uk)
Lungs1
- Mesothelioma causes tumor that spreads in the lungs with majority of cases attributed to asbestos. (comparisonsmaster.com)
Brake1
- Everybody is potentially exposed to low levels of asbestos in the air, however, people who work in industries such as, mining, making asbestos products, automobile brake or clutch repair industry or the construction industry, especially demolition or renovation may have been exposed to higher levels of asbestos at the workplace. (lcarp.org)
Products4
- The recommendations were developed by the Interagency Working Group on Asbestos in Consumer Products, on which Weis and Miller represent NIEHS. (nih.gov)
- The latter makes up 95% of all asbestos products. (nih.gov)
- Several products contain asbestos. (comparisonsmaster.com)
- Christopher Weis and others discussed updating methods to test talc-containing products for asbestos and similar particles. (nih.gov)
Tiles1
- Asbestos has been detected in indoor air, where it is released from a variety of building materials such as insulation and ceiling and floor tiles. (accas.info)
Materials6
- Friable is the substance formed when asbestos-containing materials are crumbled with hand pressure. (comparisonsmaster.com)
- If we continue to landfill asbestos-containing materials, consequently, we are burdening the future generation to deal with unpredictable cleanup costs and an infinite amount of asbestos-related deaths. (environmental-expert.com)
- Yearly, landfills that store asbestos-containing materials are quickly attenuating. (environmental-expert.com)
- We believe that our study provides valuable insight into the potential use of portable devices for identifying asbestos and asbestos-free materials. (bvsalud.org)
- You ought to ask for help from a certified asbestos removal company if you are uncertain about the risks of any asbestos materials in your home or business premises in Crosby. (asbestosremovalz.uk)
- There are various levels of risk relating to the range of asbestos materials that might be found in older buildings. (asbestosremovalz.uk)
Widely3
- During much of the past century, asbestos was widely used for industrial and construction applications. (cdc.gov)
- Asbestos is now used much less widely in the United States and many other countries than in the past. (cdc.gov)
- Asbestos was banned from being used in 1999 in Britain, although it was not widely used after 1985. (asbestosremovalz.uk)
Damaged or disturbed1
- Bear in mind that asbestos is only a danger to health if damaged or disturbed. (asbestosremovalz.uk)
