Theory and development of COMPUTER SYSTEMS which perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, LEARNING; VISUAL PERCEPTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; reasoning, PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, and translation of language.
The ability to learn and to deal with new situations and to deal effectively with tasks involving abstractions.
Computer programs based on knowledge developed from consultation with experts on a problem, and the processing and/or formalizing of this knowledge using these programs in such a manner that the problems may be solved.
Approximate, quantitative reasoning that is concerned with the linguistic ambiguity which exists in natural or synthetic language. At its core are variables such as good, bad, and young as well as modifiers such as more, less, and very. These ordinary terms represent fuzzy sets in a particular problem. Fuzzy logic plays a key role in many medical expert systems.
A computer architecture, implementable in either hardware or software, modeled after biological neural networks. Like the biological system in which the processing capability is a result of the interconnection strengths between arrays of nonlinear processing nodes, computerized neural networks, often called perceptrons or multilayer connectionist models, consist of neuron-like units. A homogeneous group of units makes up a layer. These networks are good at pattern recognition. They are adaptive, performing tasks by example, and thus are better for decision-making than are linear learning machines or cluster analysis. They do not require explicit programming.
Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs, CNS, kidneys, liver, blood cells and fetuses. Synonym: 2-chlorobutadiene.
Use of an interactive computer system designed to assist the physician or other health professional in choosing between certain relationships or variables for the purpose of making a diagnostic or therapeutic decision.
Standardized tests that measure the present general ability or aptitude for intellectual performance.
Application of computer programs designed to assist the physician in solving a diagnostic problem.
The ability to understand and manage emotions and to use emotional knowledge to enhance thought and deal effectively with tasks. Components of emotional intelligence include empathy, self-motivation, self-awareness, self-regulation, and social skill. Emotional intelligence is a measurement of one's ability to socialize or relate to others.
A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.
Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.
Tests designed to measure intellectual functioning in children and adults.
Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.
Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.
An individual intelligence test designed primarily for school children to predict school performance and the ability to adjust to everyday demands.
Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.
Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.
The continuous sequential physiological and psychological maturing of an individual from birth up to but not including ADOLESCENCE.
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)
A learning situation involving more than one alternative from which a selection is made in order to attain a specific goal.
A set of cognitive functions that controls complex, goal-directed thought and behavior. Executive function involves multiple domains, such as CONCEPT FORMATION, goal management, cognitive flexibility, INHIBITION control, and WORKING MEMORY. Impaired executive function is seen in a range of disorders, e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; and ADHD.

E-CELL: software environment for whole-cell simulation. (1/4007)

MOTIVATION: Genome sequencing projects and further systematic functional analyses of complete gene sets are producing an unprecedented mass of molecular information for a wide range of model organisms. This provides us with a detailed account of the cell with which we may begin to build models for simulating intracellular molecular processes to predict the dynamic behavior of living cells. Previous work in biochemical and genetic simulation has isolated well-characterized pathways for detailed analysis, but methods for building integrative models of the cell that incorporate gene regulation, metabolism and signaling have not been established. We, therefore, were motivated to develop a software environment for building such integrative models based on gene sets, and running simulations to conduct experiments in silico. RESULTS: E-CELL, a modeling and simulation environment for biochemical and genetic processes, has been developed. The E-CELL system allows a user to define functions of proteins, protein-protein interactions, protein-DNA interactions, regulation of gene expression and other features of cellular metabolism, as a set of reaction rules. E-CELL simulates cell behavior by numerically integrating the differential equations described implicitly in these reaction rules. The user can observe, through a computer display, dynamic changes in concentrations of proteins, protein complexes and other chemical compounds in the cell. Using this software, we constructed a model of a hypothetical cell with only 127 genes sufficient for transcription, translation, energy production and phospholipid synthesis. Most of the genes are taken from Mycoplasma genitalium, the organism having the smallest known chromosome, whose complete 580 kb genome sequence was determined at TIGR in 1995. We discuss future applications of the E-CELL system with special respect to genome engineering. AVAILABILITY: The E-CELL software is available upon request. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The complete list of rules of the developed cell model with kinetic parameters can be obtained via our web site at: http://e-cell.org/.  (+info)

A prognostic computer model to individually predict post-procedural complications in interventional cardiology: the INTERVENT Project. (2/4007)

AIMS: The purpose of this part of the INTERVENT project was (1) to redefine and individually predict post-procedural complications associated with coronary interventions, including alternative/adjunctive techniques to PTCA and (2) to employ the prognostic INTERVENT computer model to clarify the structural relationship between (pre)-procedural risk factors and post-procedural outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a multicentre study, 2500 data items of 455 consecutive patients (mean age: 61.1+/-8.3 years: 33-84 years) undergoing coronary interventions at three university centres were analysed. 80.4% of the patients were male, 16.7% had unstable angina, and 5.1%/10.1% acute/subacute myocardial infarction. There were multiple or multivessel stenoses in 16.0%, vessel bending >90 degrees in 14.5%, irregular vessel contours in 65.0%, moderate calcifications in 20.9%, moderate/severe vessel tortuosity in 53.2% and a diameter stenosis of 90%-99% in 44.4% of cases. The in-lab (out-of-lab) complications were: 0.4% (0.9%) death, 1.8% (0.2%) abrupt vessel closure with myocardial infarction and 5.5% (4.0) haemodynamic disorders. CONCLUSION: Computer algorithms derived from artificial intelligence were able to predict the individual risk of these post-procedural complications with an accuracy of >95% and to explain the structural relationship between risk factors and post-procedural complications. The most important prognostic factors were: heart failure (NYHA class), use of adjunctive/alternative techniques (rotablation, atherectomy, laser), acute coronary ischaemia, pre-existent cardiac medication, stenosis length, stenosis morphology (calcification), gender, age, amount of contrast agent and smoker status. Pre-medication with aspirin or other cardiac medication had a beneficial effect. Techniques, such as laser angioplasty or atherectomy were predictors for post-procedural complications. Single predictors alone were not able to describe the individual outcome completely.  (+info)

Virtual management of radiology examinations in the virtual radiology environment using common object request broker architecture services. (3/4007)

In the Department of Defense (DoD), US Army Medical Command is now embarking on an extremely exciting new project--creating a virtual radiology environment (VRE) for the management of radiology examinations. The business of radiology in the military is therefore being reengineered on several fronts by the VRE Project. In the VRE Project, a set of intelligent agent algorithms determine where examinations are to routed for reading bases on a knowledge base of the entire VRE. The set of algorithms, called the Meta-Manager, is hierarchical and uses object-based communications between medical treatment facilities (MTFs) and medical centers that have digital imaging network picture archiving and communications systems (DIN-PACS) networks. The communications is based on use of common object request broker architecture (CORBA) objects and services to send patient demographics and examination images from DIN-PACS networks in the MTFs to the DIN-PACS networks at the medical centers for diagnosis. The Meta-Manager is also responsible for updating the diagnosis at the originating MTF. CORBA services are used to perform secure message communications between DIN-PACS nodes in the VRE network. The Meta-Manager has a fail-safe architecture that allows the master Meta-Manager function to float to regional Meta-Manager sites in case of server failure. A prototype of the CORBA-based Meta-Manager is being developed by the University of Arizona's Computer Engineering Research Laboratory using the unified modeling language (UML) as a design tool. The prototype will implement the main functions described in the Meta-Manager design specification. The results of this project are expected to reengineer the process of radiology in the military and have extensions to commercial radiology environments.  (+info)

Meta-manager: a requirements analysis. (4/4007)

The digital imaging network-picture-archiving and communications system (DIN-PACS) will be implemented in ten sites within the Great Plains Regional Medical Command (GPRMC). This network of PACS and teleradiology technology over a shared T1 network has opened the door for round the clock radiology coverage of all sites. However, the concept of a virtual radiology environment poses new issues for military medicine. A new workflow management system must be developed. This workflow management system will allow us to efficiently resolve these issues including quality of care, availability, severe capitation, and quality of the workforce. The design process of this management system must employ existing technology, operate over various telecommunication networks and protocols, be independent of platform operating systems, be flexible and scaleable, and involve the end user at the outset in the design process for which it is developed. Using the unified modeling language (UML), the specifications for this new business management system were created in concert between the University of Arizona and the GPRMC. These specifications detail a management system operating through a common object request brokered architecture (CORBA) environment. In this presentation, we characterize the Meta-Manager management system including aspects of intelligence, interfacility routing, fail-safe operations, and expected improvements in patient care and efficiency.  (+info)

Integrated radiology information system, picture archiving and communications system, and teleradiology--workflow-driven and future-proof. (5/4007)

The proliferation of integrated radiology information system/picture archiving and communication system (RIS/PACS) and teleradiology has been slow because of two concerns: usability and economic return. A major dissatisfaction on the usability issue is that contemporary systems are not intelligent enough to support the logical workflow of radiologists. We propose to better understand the algorithms underlying the radiologists' reading process, and then embed this intelligence into the software program so that radiologists can interact with the system with less conscious effort. Regarding economic return issues, people are looking for insurance against obsolescence in order to protect their investments. We propose to future-proof a system by sticking to the following principles: compliance to industry standards, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, and modularity. An integrated RIS/PACS and teleradiology system designed to be workflow-driven and future-proof is being developed at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center.  (+info)

Mapping of putative binding sites on the ectodomain of the type II TGF-beta receptor by scanning-deletion mutagenesis and knowledge-based modeling. (6/4007)

Binding surfaces of the type II transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor extracellular domain (TbetaRII-ECD) are mapped by combining scanning-deletion mutagenesis results with knowledge-based modeling of the ectodomain structure. Of the 17 deletion mutants produced within the core binding domain of TbetaRII-ECD, only three retained binding to TGF-beta. Comparative modeling based on the crystal structure of the activin type II receptor extracellular domain (ActRII-ECD) indicates that the TbetaRII mutants which retain TGF-beta binding are deleted in some of the loops connecting the beta-strands in the TbetaRII-ECD model. Interpretation of the mutagenesis data within the structural framework of the ectodomain model allows for the prediction of potential binding sites at the surface of TbetaRII-ECD.  (+info)

Integrated databases and computer systems for studying eukaryotic gene expression. (7/4007)

MOTIVATION: The goal of the work was to develop a WWW-oriented computer system providing a maximal integration of informational and software resources on the regulation of gene expression and navigation through them. Rapid growth of the variety and volume of information accumulated in the databases on regulation of gene expression necessarily requires the development of computer systems for automated discovery of the knowledge that can be further used for analysis of regulatory genomic sequences. RESULTS: The GeneExpress system developed includes the following major informational and software modules: (1) Transcription Regulation (TRRD) module, which contains the databases on transcription regulatory regions of eukaryotic genes and TRRD Viewer for data visualization; (2) Site Activity Prediction (ACTIVITY), the module for analysis of functional site activity and its prediction; (3) Site Recognition module, which comprises (a) B-DNA-VIDEO system for detecting the conformational and physicochemical properties of DNA sites significant for their recognition, (b) Consensus and Weight Matrices (ConsFrec) and (c) Transcription Factor Binding Sites Recognition (TFBSR) systems for detecting conservative contextual regions of functional sites and their recognition; (4) Gene Networks (GeneNet), which contains an object-oriented database accumulating the data on gene networks and signal transduction pathways, and the Java-based Viewer for exploration and visualization of the GeneNet information; (5) mRNA Translation (Leader mRNA), designed to analyze structural and contextual properties of mRNA 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) and predict their translation efficiency; (6) other program modules designed to study the structure-function organization of regulatory genomic sequences and regulatory proteins. AVAILABILITY: GeneExpress is available at http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc. ru/systems/GeneExpress/ and the links to the mirror site(s) can be found at http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/links/mirrors.html+ ++.  (+info)

Automated diagnosis of data-model conflicts using metadata. (8/4007)

The authors describe a methodology for helping computational biologists diagnose discrepancies they encounter between experimental data and the predictions of scientific models. The authors call these discrepancies data-model conflicts. They have built a prototype system to help scientists resolve these conflicts in a more systematic, evidence-based manner. In computational biology, data-model conflicts are the result of complex computations in which data and models are transformed and evaluated. Increasingly, the data, models, and tools employed in these computations come from diverse and distributed resources, contributing to a widening gap between the scientist and the original context in which these resources were produced. This contextual rift can contribute to the misuse of scientific data or tools and amplifies the problem of diagnosing data-model conflicts. The authors' hypothesis is that systematic collection of metadata about a computational process can help bridge the contextual rift and provide information for supporting automated diagnosis of these conflicts. The methodology involves three major steps. First, the authors decompose the data-model evaluation process into abstract functional components. Next, they use this process decomposition to enumerate the possible causes of the data-model conflict and direct the acquisition of diagnostically relevant metadata. Finally, they use evidence statically and dynamically generated from the metadata collected to identify the most likely causes of the given conflict. They describe how these methods are implemented in a knowledge-based system called GRENDEL and show how GRENDEL can be used to help diagnose conflicts between experimental data and computationally built structural models of the 30S ribosomal subunit.  (+info)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the medical context refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using the rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions), and self-correction.

In healthcare, AI is increasingly being used to analyze large amounts of data, identify patterns, make decisions, and perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence. This can include tasks such as diagnosing diseases, recommending treatments, personalizing patient care, and improving clinical workflows.

Examples of AI in medicine include machine learning algorithms that analyze medical images to detect signs of disease, natural language processing tools that extract relevant information from electronic health records, and robot-assisted surgery systems that enable more precise and minimally invasive procedures.

I must clarify that I cannot provide a "medical definition" of intelligence, as intelligence is not a concept that is typically defined within the field of medicine. Intelligence is a term used to describe the ability to learn, understand, and make judgments or decisions based on reason, experience, and information. It is often measured through various cognitive abilities such as problem-solving, critical thinking, creativity, and knowledge acquisition.

The concept of intelligence is studied in many fields, including psychology, neuroscience, and education. In medicine, healthcare professionals may assess a person's cognitive abilities to better understand their health status or develop treatment plans. However, there is no specific "medical definition" for intelligence. Instead, it is a multifaceted concept that can be influenced by various genetic, environmental, and experiential factors.

An Expert System is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) program that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert in a specific field or domain. It is designed to solve complex problems by using a set of rules, heuristics, and knowledge base derived from human expertise. The system can simulate the problem-solving process of a human expert, allowing it to provide advice, make recommendations, or diagnose problems in a similar manner. Expert systems are often used in fields such as medicine, engineering, finance, and law where specialized knowledge and experience are critical for making informed decisions.

The medical definition of 'Expert Systems' refers to AI programs that assist healthcare professionals in diagnosing and treating medical conditions, based on a large database of medical knowledge and clinical expertise. These systems can help doctors and other healthcare providers make more accurate diagnoses, recommend appropriate treatments, and provide patient education. They may also be used for research, training, and quality improvement purposes.

Expert systems in medicine typically use a combination of artificial intelligence techniques such as rule-based reasoning, machine learning, natural language processing, and pattern recognition to analyze medical data and provide expert advice. Examples of medical expert systems include MYCIN, which was developed to diagnose infectious diseases, and Internist-1, which assists in the diagnosis and management of internal medicine cases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Fuzzy Logic" is actually a term from the field of mathematics and computer science, not medicine. It is a form of many-valued logic that deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than fixed and exact. In contrast to traditional logic, where binary sets have distinct boundaries (true or false, 0 or 1, etc.), fuzzy logic allows for continuous values between 0 and 1, making it particularly useful in areas where precise definitions are difficult, such as medical diagnosis or robotics.

Chloroprene is a colorless liquid with a mild, rubbery odor. It is chemically known as 2-chlorobuta-1,3-diene and is primarily used in the industrial production of polychloroprene, a type of synthetic rubber that is resistant to heat, oil, and weathering.

In a medical context, chloroprene itself is not commonly used or encountered. However, exposure to chloroprene during its manufacture or use in industrial settings has been associated with an increased risk of certain health effects, including neurological damage, liver toxicity, and cancer. Therefore, occupational safety regulations exist to limit worker exposure to this chemical.

Computer-assisted decision making in a medical context refers to the use of computer systems and software to support and enhance the clinical decision-making process. These systems can analyze patient data, such as medical history, laboratory results, and imaging studies, and provide healthcare providers with evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment.

Computer-assisted decision making tools may include:

1. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS): CDSS are interactive software programs that analyze patient data and provide healthcare providers with real-time clinical guidance based on established best practices and guidelines.
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms: AI and ML can be used to analyze large datasets of medical information, identify patterns and trends, and make predictions about individual patients' health outcomes.
3. Telemedicine platforms: Telemedicine platforms enable remote consultations between healthcare providers and patients, allowing for real-time decision making based on shared data and clinical expertise.
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs): EHRs provide a centralized repository of patient information that can be accessed and analyzed by healthcare providers to inform clinical decision making.

Overall, computer-assisted decision making has the potential to improve the quality and safety of medical care by providing healthcare providers with timely and accurate information to support their clinical judgments. However, it is important to note that these tools should always be used in conjunction with clinical expertise and human judgment, as they are not a substitute for the knowledge and experience of trained healthcare professionals.

Intelligence tests are standardized procedures used to assess various aspects of an individual's cognitive abilities, such as their problem-solving skills, logical reasoning, verbal comprehension, and spatial relations. These tests provide a quantitative measurement of intelligence, often reported as an Intelligence Quotient (IQ) score. It is important to note that intelligence is a multifaceted concept, and intelligence tests measure only certain aspects of it. They should not be considered the sole determinant of an individual's overall intellectual capabilities or potential.

Computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) is the use of computer systems to aid in the diagnostic process. It involves the use of advanced algorithms and data analysis techniques to analyze medical images, laboratory results, and other patient data to help healthcare professionals make more accurate and timely diagnoses. CAD systems can help identify patterns and anomalies that may be difficult for humans to detect, and they can provide second opinions and flag potential errors or uncertainties in the diagnostic process.

CAD systems are often used in conjunction with traditional diagnostic methods, such as physical examinations and patient interviews, to provide a more comprehensive assessment of a patient's health. They are commonly used in radiology, pathology, cardiology, and other medical specialties where imaging or laboratory tests play a key role in the diagnostic process.

While CAD systems can be very helpful in the diagnostic process, they are not infallible and should always be used as a tool to support, rather than replace, the expertise of trained healthcare professionals. It's important for medical professionals to use their clinical judgment and experience when interpreting CAD results and making final diagnoses.

Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to recognize, understand, and manage our own emotions and the emotions of others. It involves the skills of perception, understanding, reasoning with emotions, and managing emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth. EI includes four key components:

1. Perception and Expression of Emotion: The ability to accurately perceive, identify, and express emotions in oneself and others.
2. Understanding and Analyzing Emotion: The ability to understand the causes and consequences of emotions and how they may combine and change over time.
3. Emotional Reasoning: The ability to use emotions to facilitate thinking and problem solving, and to make decisions based on both emotional and rational information.
4. Emotional Management: The ability to manage emotions in oneself and others, including the regulation of one's own emotions and the ability to influence the emotions of others.

Emotional intelligence is not a fixed trait, but rather can be developed and improved through practice and learning. It has been shown to have significant implications for personal well-being, interpersonal relationships, and professional success.

An algorithm is not a medical term, but rather a concept from computer science and mathematics. In the context of medicine, algorithms are often used to describe step-by-step procedures for diagnosing or managing medical conditions. These procedures typically involve a series of rules or decision points that help healthcare professionals make informed decisions about patient care.

For example, an algorithm for diagnosing a particular type of heart disease might involve taking a patient's medical history, performing a physical exam, ordering certain diagnostic tests, and interpreting the results in a specific way. By following this algorithm, healthcare professionals can ensure that they are using a consistent and evidence-based approach to making a diagnosis.

Algorithms can also be used to guide treatment decisions. For instance, an algorithm for managing diabetes might involve setting target blood sugar levels, recommending certain medications or lifestyle changes based on the patient's individual needs, and monitoring the patient's response to treatment over time.

Overall, algorithms are valuable tools in medicine because they help standardize clinical decision-making and ensure that patients receive high-quality care based on the latest scientific evidence.

A computer simulation is a process that involves creating a model of a real-world system or phenomenon on a computer and then using that model to run experiments and make predictions about how the system will behave under different conditions. In the medical field, computer simulations are used for a variety of purposes, including:

1. Training and education: Computer simulations can be used to create realistic virtual environments where medical students and professionals can practice their skills and learn new procedures without risk to actual patients. For example, surgeons may use simulation software to practice complex surgical techniques before performing them on real patients.
2. Research and development: Computer simulations can help medical researchers study the behavior of biological systems at a level of detail that would be difficult or impossible to achieve through experimental methods alone. By creating detailed models of cells, tissues, organs, or even entire organisms, researchers can use simulation software to explore how these systems function and how they respond to different stimuli.
3. Drug discovery and development: Computer simulations are an essential tool in modern drug discovery and development. By modeling the behavior of drugs at a molecular level, researchers can predict how they will interact with their targets in the body and identify potential side effects or toxicities. This information can help guide the design of new drugs and reduce the need for expensive and time-consuming clinical trials.
4. Personalized medicine: Computer simulations can be used to create personalized models of individual patients based on their unique genetic, physiological, and environmental characteristics. These models can then be used to predict how a patient will respond to different treatments and identify the most effective therapy for their specific condition.

Overall, computer simulations are a powerful tool in modern medicine, enabling researchers and clinicians to study complex systems and make predictions about how they will behave under a wide range of conditions. By providing insights into the behavior of biological systems at a level of detail that would be difficult or impossible to achieve through experimental methods alone, computer simulations are helping to advance our understanding of human health and disease.

The Wechsler Scales are a series of intelligence and neuropsychological tests used to assess various aspects of cognitive functioning in individuals across the lifespan. The scales include:

1. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI): Designed for children aged 2 years 6 months to 7 years 3 months, it measures verbal (e.g., vocabulary, comprehension) and performance (e.g., visual-motor integration, spatial reasoning) abilities.
2. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC): Developed for children aged 6 to 16 years, it evaluates verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed.
3. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS): Created for adults aged 16 to 90 years, it assesses similar domains as the WISC but with more complex tasks.
4. Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS): Designed to measure various aspects of memory functioning in individuals aged 16 to 89 years, including visual and auditory immediate and delayed recall, working memory, and attention.
5. Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI): A brief version of the WAIS used for quicker intelligence screening in individuals aged 6 to 89 years.

These scales are widely used in clinical, educational, and research settings to identify strengths and weaknesses in cognitive abilities, diagnose learning disabilities and other neurodevelopmental disorders, monitor treatment progress, and provide recommendations for interventions and accommodations.

I am not aware of a widely accepted medical definition for the term "software," as it is more commonly used in the context of computer science and technology. Software refers to programs, data, and instructions that are used by computers to perform various tasks. It does not have direct relevance to medical fields such as anatomy, physiology, or clinical practice. If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try to help with those instead!

Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring, processing, and utilizing information. These processes include perception, attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision-making. Cognitive functions allow us to interact with our environment, understand and respond to stimuli, learn new skills, and remember experiences.

In a medical context, cognitive function is often assessed as part of a neurological or psychiatric evaluation. Impairments in cognition can be caused by various factors, such as brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), infections, toxins, and mental health conditions. Assessing cognitive function helps healthcare professionals diagnose conditions, monitor disease progression, and develop treatment plans.

The Stanford-Binet Test is a widely used, individually administered intelligence test that was revised from the original Binet-Simon Scale by Lewis Terman at Stanford University in 1916. It is designed to measure various cognitive abilities and intelligence across a broad age range, from early childhood to adulthood. The test assesses five factors of cognitive ability: fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory.

The Stanford-Binet Test consists of several subtests that measure different skills and abilities. It yields a composite score, called the Intelligence Quotient (IQ), which is a ratio of mental age to chronological age, multiplied by 100. The test also provides detailed information about an individual's strengths and weaknesses in various areas of cognitive functioning.

Over the years, the Stanford-Binet Test has undergone several revisions to improve its psychometric properties, update its content, and reflect current theories of intelligence. The most recent version, the Stanford-Binet Fifth Edition (SB5), was published in 2003 and includes updated norms, a broader age range (2-85+ years), and a more comprehensive assessment of cognitive abilities.

The Stanford-Binet Test is used for various purposes, including identifying individuals who may have intellectual disabilities or giftedness, educational planning, career counseling, and research. It is considered a reliable and valid measure of intelligence, but like all psychological tests, it should be administered and interpreted by trained professionals who are aware of its limitations and potential sources of bias.

Neuropsychological tests are a type of psychological assessment that measures cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and perception. These tests are used to help diagnose and understand the cognitive impact of neurological conditions, including dementia, traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and other disorders that affect the brain.

The tests are typically administered by a trained neuropsychologist and can take several hours to complete. They may involve paper-and-pencil tasks, computerized tasks, or interactive activities. The results of the tests are compared to normative data to help identify any areas of cognitive weakness or strength.

Neuropsychological testing can provide valuable information for treatment planning, rehabilitation, and assessing response to treatment. It can also be used in research to better understand the neural basis of cognition and the impact of neurological conditions on cognitive function.

Cognitive disorders are a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem-solving. These disorders can be caused by various factors such as brain injury, degenerative diseases, infection, substance abuse, or developmental disabilities. Examples of cognitive disorders include dementia, amnesia, delirium, and intellectual disability. It's important to note that the specific definition and diagnostic criteria for cognitive disorders may vary depending on the medical source or classification system being used.

Child development is a multidisciplinary field that examines the biological, psychological, emotional, and social growth and changes that occur in human beings between birth and the onset of adulthood. It involves a complex interaction of genetics, environment, culture, and experiences that shape a child's growth and development over time.

Child development is typically divided into several domains, including:

1. Physical Development: This refers to the growth and changes in a child's body, including their motor skills, sensory abilities, and overall health.
2. Cognitive Development: This involves the development of a child's thinking, learning, problem-solving, memory, language, and other mental processes.
3. Emotional Development: This refers to the development of a child's emotional awareness, expression, understanding, and regulation.
4. Social Development: This involves the development of a child's ability to interact with others, form relationships, communicate effectively, and understand social norms and expectations.

Child development is an ongoing process that occurs at different rates and in different ways for each child. Understanding typical patterns of child development can help parents, educators, and healthcare providers support children's growth and identify any potential delays or concerns.

Intellectual disability (ID) is a term used when there are significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.

Intellectual functioning, also known as intelligence, refers to general mental capacity, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and other cognitive skills. Adaptive behavior includes skills needed for day-to-day life, such as communication, self-care, social skills, safety judgement, and basic academic skills.

Intellectual disability is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. It can be mild, moderate, severe, or profound, depending on the degree of limitation in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.

It's important to note that people with intellectual disabilities have unique strengths and limitations, just like everyone else. With appropriate support and education, they can lead fulfilling lives and contribute to their communities in many ways.

In the context of medicine, problem-solving refers to the cognitive process by which healthcare professionals identify, analyze, and address clinical issues or challenges in order to provide optimal care for their patients. This may involve gathering relevant information, generating potential solutions, evaluating their feasibility and risks, selecting the most appropriate course of action, and implementing and monitoring the chosen intervention. Effective problem-solving skills are essential for making informed decisions, improving patient outcomes, and reducing medical errors.

Executive function is a term used to describe a set of cognitive processes that are necessary for the control and regulation of thought and behavior. These functions include:

1. Working memory: The ability to hold and manipulate information in mind over short periods of time.
2. Cognitive flexibility: The ability to switch between tasks or mental sets, and to adapt to new rules and situations.
3. Inhibitory control: The ability to inhibit or delay automatic responses, and to resist impulses and distractions.
4. Planning and organization: The ability to plan and organize actions, and to manage time and resources effectively.
5. Problem-solving: The ability to analyze problems, generate solutions, and evaluate the outcomes of actions.
6. Decision-making: The ability to weigh risks and benefits, and to make informed choices based on available information.
7. Emotional regulation: The ability to manage and regulate emotions, and to respond appropriately to social cues and situations.

Executive functions are primarily controlled by the frontal lobes of the brain, and they play a critical role in goal-directed behavior, problem-solving, decision-making, and self-regulation. Deficits in executive function can have significant impacts on daily life, including difficulties with academic performance, work productivity, social relationships, and mental health.

... (AI) is the intelligence of machines or software, as opposed to the intelligence of humans or animals. ... "Logic and Artificial Intelligence". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Artificial Intelligence. ... ISBN 978-0-201-51752-1. Lighthill, James (1973). "Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey". Artificial Intelligence: a paper ... Artificial Intelligence: 171 Beal, J.; Winston, Patrick (2009), "The New Frontier of Human-Level Artificial Intelligence", IEEE ...
... how Artificial Intelligence helped techno grow up" The Guardian. WARP Records Artificial Intelligence Series (Articles with ... Artificial Intelligence is a series of albums by Warp Records released from 1992-1994 to exhibit the capabilities and sounds of ... The video release Motion, released on VHS (and Laserdisc in Japan), mostly contained tracks from Artificial Intelligence II. ... Muggs, Joe (February 2013). "The Wire 300: Joe Muggs on Warp's Artificial Intelligence series". The Wire. Cardew, Ben (July ...
... (Blended AI) refers to the blending of different artificial intelligence techniques or ... Advancements in Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain Technology, and IoT in Higher Education: Mitigating the Impact of COVID-19 ... Agents and Artificial Intelligence: 12th International Conference, ICAART 2020, Valletta, Malta, February 22-24, 2020, Revised ... F5: How AI can be blended into IT automation security - Intelligent CIO Africa A New Artificial Intelligence (AI) Study ...
... (AIM) is a form of marketing that leverages artificial intelligence concepts and models such ... artificial intelligence technologies are used. The most advanced form of behavioral targeting aided by artificial intelligence ... This is the phase where artificial intelligence and machine learning in particular play a key role. With the intelligence ... Artificial Intelligence Marketing provides a set of tools and techniques that enable behavioral targeting. Machine learning is ...
... (also generative AI or GenAI) is artificial intelligence capable of generating text, images ... Artificial general intelligence - Hypothetical human-level or stronger AI Artificial imagination - Artificial simulation of ... Artificial neural networks, Deep learning, Emerging technologies, Machine learning, Generative artificial intelligence). ... Generative artificial intelligence (AI) will become one of the most important features for creative designers and marketers. ...
Ethics of artificial intelligence Generative artificial intelligence Hyperreality Misaligned goals in artificial intelligence ... of computers Artificial consciousness Artificial imagination Artificial intelligence detection software Artificial stupidity ... In the field of artificial intelligence (AI), a hallucination or artificial hallucination (also called confabulation or ... Artificial intelligence, Artificial neural networks, Computational linguistics, Computational neuroscience, Deep learning, ...
In artificial intelligence and law, legal norms are considered in computational tools to automatically reason upon them. In ... Artificial intelligence and law applications using an explicit representation of norms range from checking the compliance of ... With the arrival of computer applications into the legal domain, and especially artificial intelligence applied to it, logic ... Norms can be considered from different perspectives in artificial intelligence to create computers and computer software that ...
In artificial intelligence, symbolic artificial intelligence is the term for the collection of all methods in artificial ... p. 6. Honavar, Vasant (1995). Symbolic Artificial Intelligence and Numeric Artificial Neural Networks: Towards a Resolution of ... Brooks, Rodney A. (1991). "Intelligence without representation". Artificial Intelligence. 47 (1): 139-159. doi:10.1016/0004- ... "Artificial intelligence is not, by definition, simulation of human intelligence". Pamela McCorduck writes that there are "two ...
Artificial Intelligence Center, SRI International, 1992 Minsky's "A Framework for Representing Knowledge" Artificial ... In the 1980s Artificial Intelligence generated a great deal of interest in the business world fueled by expert systems. This ... Frames are an artificial intelligence data structure used to divide knowledge into substructures by representing "stereotyped ... A frame language is a technology used for knowledge representation in artificial intelligence. They are similar to class ...
... takeover Ambient intelligence Applications of artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence arms race Artificial intelligence ... Friendly artificial intelligence (also friendly AI or FAI) is hypothetical artificial general intelligence (AGI) that would ... Seth Baum argues that the development of safe, socially beneficial artificial intelligence or artificial general intelligence ... Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig's leading artificial intelligence textbook, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, ...
Applications of artificial intelligence Edge computing Industrial artificial intelligence Continuous integration Barnett, ... Operational artificial intelligence, or operational AI, is a type of intelligent system designed for real-world applications, ... "Operational Artificial Intelligence". University of Waterloo. 30 January 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018. Han, Meghan. "New ... Researchers in the University of Waterloo's Artificial Intelligence Group describe operational AI in terms of the focus on ...
ISBN 1-55860-249-6. Artificial intelligence in healthcare AI effect Applications of artificial intelligence List of emerging ... As a subfield in artificial intelligence, diagnosis is concerned with the development of algorithms and techniques that are ... Artificial intelligence, Articles needing additional categories from June 2020). ... technologies Outline of artificial intelligence DX is the annual International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis that started ...
Artificial Intelligence incorporates elements of comedy music. Artificial Intelligence was supported by the lead single, "Mixed ... later naming it Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence was released on 6 August 2021, before subsequently being ... Artificial Intelligence was recorded during July 2021 in Cardy's home studio. Cardy solely wrote, produced, and mixed the EP ... "Artificial Intelligence by Tom Cardy on Apple Music". Apple Music. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 29 ...
v t e (Artificial intelligence, All stub articles, Artificial intelligence stubs). ... Machine perception Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2010). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle ... ISBN 978-0-13-604259-4. Poole, David; Mackworth, Alan (2017). Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents (2nd ...
... of artificial intelligence Artificial general intelligence Hardware for artificial intelligence Synthetic intelligence Dvorsky ... Weak artificial intelligence (weak AI) is artificial intelligence that implements a limited part of mind, or, as narrow AI, is ... Artificial intelligence A.I. Rising Deep learning Expert system History of artificial intelligence Virtual assistant Machine ... Artificial general intelligence: a machine with the ability to apply intelligence to any problem, rather than just one specific ...
Artificial Intelligence is a scientific journal on artificial intelligence research. It was established in 1970 and is ... Artificial intelligence publications, Computer science journals, Elsevier academic journals, Academic journals established in ...
ISBN 0-679-75574-8. Artificial Intelligence II at Discogs (list of releases) Artificial Intelligence II at MusicBrainz (list of ... Richardson, Mark (25 August 2005). "Various Artists: Artificial Intelligence / Artificial Intelligence II". Pitchfork. ... Artificial Intelligence II is a compilation album released via Warp on 30 May 1994. It is the eighth and final release in ... "Various Artists: Artificial Intelligence II". Warp. Archived from the original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2019. " ...
... is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering applications of artificial intelligence in ... Artificial intelligence publications, Taylor & Francis academic journals, English-language journals, Academic journals ...
... (DAI) also called Decentralized Artificial Intelligence is a subfield of artificial ... In 1975 distributed artificial intelligence emerged as a subfield of artificial intelligence that dealt with interactions of ... "Trends in distributed artificial intelligence". Artificial Intelligence Review. 6 (1): 35-66. doi:10.1007/BF00155579. S2CID ... Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) is an approach to solving complex learning, planning, and decision-making problems. ...
In artificial intelligence (AI), anticipation occurs when an agent makes decisions based on its explicit beliefs about the ... Action selection Cognition Dynamic planning The History of artificial intelligence MindRACES Nature and nurture The Physical ... A Unifying Framework for the Analysis and Design of Artificial Cognitive Systems. Springer. p. 6. ISBN 978-3-540-87702-8. ...
Annual AI competition Hardware for artificial intelligence Weak artificial intelligence - Form of artificial intelligence See ... "What is Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)? , 4 Tests For Ensuring Artificial General Intelligence". Talky Blog. 13 July ... Liu, Feng; Shi, Yong; Liu, Ying (2017). "Intelligence Quotient and Intelligence Grade of Artificial Intelligence". Annals of ... Shapiro, Stuart C. (1992). "Artificial Intelligence" (PDF). In Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.). Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence ...
Artificial consciousness Blue Brain Outline of artificial intelligence "Artificial Intelligence System Video". OVGuide.com. ... Artificial Intelligence System (AIS) was a volunteer computing project undertaken by Intelligence Realm, Inc. with the long- ... complete with artificial consciousness and artificial general intelligence. They claimed to have found, in research, the " ... Artificial neural networks, Computational neuroscience, History of artificial intelligence). ...
Look up artificial intelligence or artificial-intelligence in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Artificial intelligence is the ... Artificial intelligence may also refer to: Artificial Intelligence (EP), or the title track, by Tom Cardy, 2021 Artificial ... "Artificial Intelligence", a song by OneRepublic from the 2016 album Oh My My A.I. Artificial Intelligence, a 2001 film directed ... by Steven Spielberg Artificial Intelligence (journal), a scientific journal Artificial intelligence in video games Artificial ...
In artificial intelligence, a fluent is a condition that can change over time. In logical approaches to reasoning about actions ... v t e v t e (Logic in computer science, All stub articles, Artificial intelligence stubs, Programming language theory stubs). ...
... is any visual artwork created through the use of artificial intelligence (AI) programs. Artists ... Victor, Palace (January 2019). "What if Artificial Intelligence Wrote This? Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Law". Fla. L ... Artificial intelligence art, Generative artificial intelligence, Visual arts, Digital art, Computer art, Art controversies, ... creativity Cybernetic art Generative art List of artificial intelligence artists Music and artificial intelligence Neural style ...
... may refer to: Kiev Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence, a research institute in Kiev, ... the artificial intelligence research laboratory of Stanford University This disambiguation page lists articles associated with ... Ukraine MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, an interdisciplinary research entity at the Massachusetts ... the title Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point ...
The proposed EU Artificial Intelligence Act aims to classify and regulate artificial intelligence applications based on their ... Ethics of artificial intelligence Regulation of algorithms Regulation of artificial intelligence Algorithmic bias "EUR-Lex - ... "Cybersecurity certification of Artificial Intelligence: a missed opportunity to coordinate between the Artificial Intelligence ... The Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) is a proposed regulation of the European Union. Proposed by the European Commission on ...
In artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML), ablation is the removal of a component of an AI system. An ... The term is credited to Allen Newell, one of the founders of artificial intelligence, who used it in his 1974 tutorial on ... ablation studies have been deemed a convenient technique in investigating artificial intelligence and its durability to ... Newell compared the human brain to artificial computers. With this in thought, Newell saw both as knowledge systems whereas ...
Bostrom, N., & Yudkowsky, E. (2014). The ethics of artificial intelligence. The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, ... Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Prentice Hall Series in Artificial Intelligence (Second ed.). Upper Saddle River, ... Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence. Van Lent, M.; Fisher, W.; Mancuso, M. (July 2004). "An explainable artificial ... Gunning, D.; Stefik, M.; Choi, J.; Miller, T.; Stumpf, S.; Yang, G.-Z. (2019-12-18). "XAI-Explainable artificial intelligence ...
Empowerment in the field of artificial intelligence formalises and quantifies (via information theory) the potential an agent ... The empowerment formalism depends on a probabilistic model commonly used in artificial intelligence. An autonomous agent ... Advances in Artificial Life, pages 744-753. Klyubin, A., Polani, D., and Nehaniv, C. (2005b). Empowerment: A universal agent- ... In 2007 IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life (pp. 207-213). Ieee. Jung, T., Polani, D., & Stone, P. (2011). Empowerment for ...
The Eindhoven Artificial Intelligent Systems Institute (EAISI) aims to develop AI-technology for real-time autonomous decision- ... Artificial Intellige.... Artificial Intelligence The Eindhoven Artificial Intelligent Systems Institute (EAISI) aims to develop ... TU/e offers various education programs in the field of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence. ...
Ever since he warned us about artificial intelligence, all sorts of people have been jumping on the bandwagon, including ... So, perhaps by "intelligence" we mean "understanding." After writing Artificial Intelligence: Summoning the Demon, I had a ... And if we dont know what constitutes human intelligence, why are we even talking about artificial intelligence? ... Artificial intelligence?. AI scares us because it could be as inhuman as humans.. by Mike Loukides , @mikeloukides , +Mike ...
... so how long before they acquire intelligence too? ... Artificial life forms evolve basic intelligence. By Catherine ...
Bots are becoming more common today, as we have chatbots, marketing bots, botnets and other forms of intelligence software ... Traditionally, swarm intelligence has been focused on spatial and temporal awareness in the physical world - think Battle Bots ... The concept of singularity and swarm intelligence is one that is evolving rapidly in the back rooms of research centers and is ... In a similar paradigm to starling murmurations or swarms of bees, there is an emerging AI technology called swarm intelligence ...
Call for Participation in AI KR (Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Representation) Community Group. W3C Team , Posted on: July ... The AI KR (Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Representation) Community Group has been launched:. The overall goal/mission of ... Should Explainable AI be applied to more general artificial intelligence - such as AGI but not restricted to - rather than just ... An open W3C community group called AIKR which stands for Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Representation was started around ...
2: Creativity and (Early) Cognitive Development: A Perspective from Artificial Creativity, Developmental AI, and Robotics ...
Artificial cognitive systems *Brain-computer interfacing *Brain-inspired computing *Computational cognitive science * ...
Artificial intelligence might not be as smart as we think. University and military researchers are studying how attackers could ... Adversarial AI - Fooling Artificial Intelligence : Short Wave Artificial intelligence might not be as smart as we think. ... Artificial intelligence might not be as smart as we think. University and military researchers are studying how attackers could ...
We define native intelligence as the specified complexity inherent in the information content of an artificial system. ... We define native intelligence as the specified complexity inherent in the information content of an artificial system. The ... Horst, J. (2002), A Native Intelligence Metric for Artificial Systems, Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems, Workshop ... but promising native intelligence metric. Several anticipated objections to this native intelligence metric are discussed. ...
Hillary Clinton and others call for international cooperation on artificial intelligence News ...
... How AI Could Boost Artificial Reality. Can AI invigorate a sluggish ... Another possibility is leveraging artificial emotional intelligence in AI/AR environments to enhance marketing experiences. "We ... Analytics and Emotion: An Evolution in Business IntelligenceAnalytics and Emotion: An Evolution in Business Intelligence. by ... Possible Applications for Artificial Reality. Current applications of AI-enhanced AR are largely experiential and contextual, ...
2017 saw an explosion of machine learning in production use, with even deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) being ... Meley points to Teradatas recently released 2017 State of Artificial Intelligence for Enterprises report, which identified a ... "As companies look to innovate and improve with machine learning and artificial intelligence, more specialized tooling and ... "For example, any organization using a chatbot feature to engage with customers is using artificial intelligence." ...
Artificial intelligence for space. The application of Artificial Intelligence to space systems is a growing research strength ... Artificial intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly important role in our daily lives. AI is being used in everything from self- ... Artificial Intelligence (AI) is designed to replicate the cognitive functions of human beings and, therefore, expertise from a ... This emerging field of research focuses on understanding how human-machine interactions and artificial intelligence can be used ...
Artificial intelligence: a new platform for the biomedical community Artificial intelligence methods such as deep learning are ... DECIDER: artificial intelligence to improve diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer The Institut Pasteurs Systems Biology ... Artificial intelligence will play a key role in personalized medicine.. Christophe ZimmerHead of the Imaging and Modeling Unit ... Artificial intelligence is likely to play a key role in personalized medicine based on genomic data. Medicine remains mostly an ...
... *Overview of the AI Index Report: Measuring Trends in Artificial Intelligence - Apr 25, 2023.. Lets ... Artificial Intelligence. *How Artificial Intelligence Will Change Mobile Apps - Dec 5, 2022.. There are numerous ways in which ... Artificial Intelligence. *5 Ways AI Is Impacting STEM Education in 2023 - Apr 4, 2023.. Artificial education is changing the ... Artificial Intelligence. *Efficiency Spells the Difference Between Biological Neurons and Their Artificial Counterparts - Nov ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines or software, as opposed to the intelligence of humans or animals. ... "Logic and Artificial Intelligence". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Artificial Intelligence. ... ISBN 978-0-201-51752-1. Lighthill, James (1973). "Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey". Artificial Intelligence: a paper ... Artificial Intelligence: 171 Beal, J.; Winston, Patrick (2009), "The New Frontier of Human-Level Artificial Intelligence", IEEE ...
Artificial Intelligence Integrate artificial intelligences into a creative chain, while reflecting on the consequences of their ... Cultural normalisation is not new, but with the massive emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in the production of images ... Artificial Intelligence course from August 30, 2023 until September 2,2023. © HEAD - Genève ...
im using c# in creating artificial intelligence for my thesis, but i dont know where to start creating artificial intelligence ... im using c# in creating artificial intelligence for my thesis, but i dont know where to start creating artificial intelligence ... it is possible that artificial intelligence can response on what user saying?... That is the general idea.. nEar_mO wrote:. can ... C# Artificial Intelligence (AI) Programming. MAchine Learning for LanguagE Toolkit. Encog project ...
Applied Artificial Intelligence Group (GIAA). Commercial datasheet:. Commercial Profile. Description. The Applied Artificial ... known for their ability to resolve engineering problems by incorporating the newest artificial intelligence techniques: ... Intelligence Group, GIAA, is made up of a team of nationally prestigious physicists, telecommunications and information ... Applied Artificial Intelligence Group (GIAA). *Grupos de investigación. *Engineering. *Applied Artificial Intelligence Group ( ...
Artificial Intelligence, Volume 48. Volume 48, Number 1, February 1991. *Manfred Schmidt-Schauß, Gert Smolka: Attributive ...
Scientists have been working on artificial intelligence since the middle of the last century. Here is an overview of the ... With MYCIN, artificial intelligence finds its way into medical practices: The expert system developed by Ted Shortliffe at ... The history of artificial intelligence From Turing to Watson: The development of thinking systems ... Scientists have been working on artificial intelligence since the middle of the last century. Their goal: To develop machines ...
Laboratory of Artificial Chemical Intelligence (LIAC). Welcome! At LIAC, we develop artificial intelligence and machine ...
Kristen Stewart Co-Wrote an Academic Paper About Artificial Intelligence The paper outlines the use of neural style transfer in ...
... reconfigurable artificial intelligence chip.. The design comprises alternating layers of sensing and processing elements, along ... It does so via a layering of image sensors, LEDs, and processors made from artificial synapses - arrays of memory resistors, or ... In their new chip design, the researchers paired image sensors with artificial synapse arrays, each of which they trained to ... and artificial synapse array for classifying one of three letters, M, I, or T. They then shone a pixellated image of random ...
Could GPT-3 be the most powerful artificial intelligence ever developed? When OpenAI, a research business co-founded by Elon ... Theres been a great deal of hype and excitement in the artificial intelligence (AI) world around a newly developed technology ... More technically, it has also been described as the largest artificial neural network every created - I will cover that further ... The scale of this dynamic "weighting" process is what makes GPT-3 the largest artificial neural network ever created. It has ...
Artificial Intelligence Resources * What Is Artificial General Intelligence? Downloads from TechRepublic Premium ... Artificial Intelligence Resources * What Is Artificial General Intelligence? Downloads from TechRepublic Premium ... What Is Artificial General Intelligence? Artificial general intelligence, or AGI, is a hypothetical form of AI designed to ... Artificial Intelligence. Youre on page 4, See the latest articles on Artificial Intelligence. ...
Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence *General informationGeneral information *Admission & Enrollment *The AI ... Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence *OrganisationOrganisation *The Programme *Bachelors Degree Programme Committee ... Artificial Intelligence *Preface *Course Overview 2017-2018 *Alphabetical list of courses 2016-2017 ... Applications for the Artificial Intelligence bachelors degree *Study guidence / study advisors *Special needs provisions for ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) could make cancer imaging faster, more accurate, and more informative. But is it ready for ... What is artificial intelligence?. Artificial intelligence refers to computer programs, or algorithms, that use data to make ... On the other side of the screen, an artificial intelligence (AI) computer program has done the same-and the results are nearly ... With other artificial intelligence approaches, like machine learning, the algorithm teaches itself how to analyze and interpret ...
... cloud computing adoption rates are increasing in the artificial intelligence field. To support the demand for artificial ... cloud computing adoption rates are increasing in the artificial intelligence field. To support the demand for artificial ... A robust artificial intelligence based traffic sign recognition system can support the driver and significantly reduce driving ... However, artificial intelligence and cloud computing also raise many research challenges, such as research management, data ...
... wanted to find out if artificial intelligence could create a menu that didnt taste, well, artificial. So, she fed a computer ... 8 Hilarious Mistakes Made by Artificial Intelligence Readers Digest EditorsUpdated: Sep. 27, 2022 ... News outlets are turning to artificial intelligence to create content, including weather and quarterly earnings reports, as ...
  • More technically, it has also been described as the largest artificial neural network every created - I will cover that further down. (forbes.com)
  • It does so via a layering of image sensors, LEDs, and processors made from artificial synapses - arrays of memory resistors, or "memristors," that the team previously developed , which together function as a physical neural network, or "brain-on-a-chip. (scienceblog.com)
  • The chip is stacked with three image recognition "blocks," each comprising an image sensor, optical communication layer, and artificial synapse array for classifying one of three letters, M, I, or T. They then shone a pixellated image of random letters onto the chip and measured the electrical current that each neural network array produced in response. (scienceblog.com)
  • Neural network for artificial intelligence. (istockphoto.com)
  • To identify risk factors in medical registers, a non-linear method such as artificial neural network (ANN) may better describe the correlations between different health risk factors. (lu.se)
  • In addition, students will hear about ongoing research in this area at Lund University and develop a project plan for an artificial intelligence research project in their own research domain. (lu.se)
  • Bounding the Impact of Artificial General Intelligence. (routledge.com)
  • 2017 saw an explosion of machine learning in production use, with even deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) being leveraged for practical applications. (cio.com)
  • Meley points to Teradata's recently released 2017 State of Artificial Intelligence for Enterprises report, which identified a lack of IT infrastructure as the greatest barrier to realizing benefits from AI, surpassing issues like access to talent, lack of budget, and weak or unknown business cases. (cio.com)
  • In June 2021, The World Health Organizational Regional Office for African (WHO AFRO) and the International Telecommunications (ITU) organized a virtual technical workshop on artificial intelligence (AI) for health that targeted about 200 participants from 47 countries. (who.int)
  • By studying business and artificial intelligence and through hands on workshops, the course focuses on how AI and business digitalisation alters internal and external parts of business within and across organisations. (lu.se)
  • This course aims to provide an insight into designing business and Artificial Intelligence supporting business. (lu.se)
  • Even more recent is how OpenAI has trained a group of AI agents to play hide and seek, using reinforcement learning to provide feedback loops into their learned intelligence. (forbes.com)
  • Committed to ensuring that artificial general intelligence benefits humanity, OpenAI is a reliable source for businesses aiming to harness AI's power responsibly and effectively. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Sam Altman, chief executive officer of ChatGPT-maker OpenAI, and Geoffrey Hinton, the artificial intelligence pioneer known as the 'Godfather of AI' who recently quit Google to focus on AI threat issues, joined hundreds of tech leaders to sign a single-sentence, 22-word " Statement on AI Risk . (upi.com)
  • Should Explainable AI be applied to more general artificial intelligence - such as AGI but not restricted to - rather than just machine learning, which is just one of many ways of implementing AI solutions? (w3.org)
  • Path to More General Artificial Intelligence. (routledge.com)
  • Christophe Zimmer, Head of the Imaging and Modeling Unit at the Institut Pasteur, looks at artificial neural networks, algorithms with learning ability (deep learning), which fuel the renewed interest in artificial intelligence. (pasteur.fr)
  • Deep learning is a recent name for algorithms using artificial neural networks with many layers of neurons (deep nets). (pasteur.fr)
  • Artificial intelligence refers to computer programs, or algorithms, that use data to make decisions or predictions. (cancer.gov)
  • We define native intelligence as the specified complexity inherent in the information content of an artificial system. (nist.gov)
  • News outlets are turning to artificial intelligence to create content, including weather and quarterly earnings reports, as well as sports recaps-anything data driven that doesn't necessitate a human's touch. (rd.com)
  • The new AI supercomputer will be the fastest in the U.K. when it launches in 2024 and will leverage artificial intelligence to drive breakthroughs in cutting-edge science. (techrepublic.com)
  • Scientists have been working on artificial intelligence since the middle of the last century. (bosch.com)
  • Like the nuclear bomb developed in the 1940s, the AI genie is out of the bottle and it has been since the 1940s when scientists from different fields contemplated building an artificial brain thus giving birth to the formalize scientific discipline of AI in 1956. (countercurrents.org)
  • May 30 (UPI) -- Artificial intelligence researchers, scientists and tech industry leaders issued a dire warning Tuesday about AI's threat to humankind and the "risk of extinction. (upi.com)
  • Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1956. (wikipedia.org)
  • British code breaker Alan Turing is known as the Father of Computer Science, also a pioneer in the domain of artificial intelligence, was only at the theoretical stage in the middle of the 20th century when he was conducting research. (countercurrents.org)
  • To solve these problems, AI researchers have adapted and integrated a wide range of problem-solving techniques, including search and mathematical optimization, formal logic, artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics, operations research, and economics. (wikipedia.org)
  • This model is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the intersection of artificial intelligence and cancer research. (cancer.gov)
  • Janelle Shane, an optics research scientist, wanted to find out if artificial intelligence could create a menu that didn't taste, well, artificial. (rd.com)
  • Artificial intelligence can analyze large amounts of data to ascertain patterns and deliver meaningful UX research results. (uxmatters.com)
  • Vincent C. Müller's research focuses on the nature and future of computational systems, particularly on the prospects and dangers of artificial intelligence. (routledge.com)
  • The general aim for our research group, using large and unique global medical databases, to bring the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and simulation techniques in risk stratification research a step further, in achieve a higher quality of treatment and improve the outcome for patients with cardiothoracic diseases. (lu.se)
  • Artificial intelligence is rapidly entering medicine and life science research as well as pharmaceutical industry and health care institutions. (lu.se)
  • Our research group has many years of experience of working with a broad range of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI/ML) methods, mainly for medical applications. (lu.se)
  • Our research on AI/ML focuses on artificial neural networks and deep learning. (lu.se)
  • The use of artificial intelligence in register-based research. (lu.se)
  • For example, any organization using a chatbot feature to engage with customers is using artificial intelligence. (cio.com)
  • The deep learning system (DLS) is a new artificial intelligence (AI) technology that processes large amounts of data and extracts meaningful patterns from them. (medscape.com)
  • They are software entities capable of machine learning, cognitive computing intelligence, behavioral analysis, understanding the ontology of things and capable of detecting entity state. (forbes.com)
  • The course focuses on the challenges that business digitalisation and artificial intelligence poses in today's organisations. (lu.se)
  • The course focuses on the challenges that business digitalisation and Artificial Intelligence poses in the modern organisation. (lu.se)
  • This introduction course will give an overview over artificial intelligence concepts and methods and over current and future applications of artificial intelligence in medicine and life sciences. (lu.se)
  • I am particularly excited about emerging technologies and big data analytic methods, such as artificial intelligence,' says NICHD researcher Nahida Chakhtoura, M.D. 'I hope this will help integrate genome data [and] nutritional, social, and behavioral data so that we can learn more and inform prevention efforts and address health disparities. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Computational methods such as machine learning and artificial intelligence have gained significant interest in both academic and industrial settings to predict pharmacokinetic properties of small molecules. (bvsalud.org)
  • Artificial intelligence is a generic term that refers to many different approaches besides deep learning, but the breakthroughs achieved by deep learning are the main driver behind the current resurgence of interest in AI. (pasteur.fr)
  • At LIAC, we develop artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches for accelerating the synthesis and discovery of novel molecules and materials. (epfl.ch)
  • With other artificial intelligence approaches, like machine learning , the algorithm teaches itself how to analyze and interpret data. (cancer.gov)
  • Module 1 Artificial and natural cognition (10 ECTS) a. (lu.se)
  • In contrast to traditional crowds, swarm intelligence refers to stigmergic collaborative behavior of large groups of independent agents that form a closed-loop system, resulting in an collective super intelligence whose capacity exceeds that of any individual agent. (nature.com)
  • Show basic knowledge of symbolic artificial intelligence and how the behavior created by AI relates to cognitive phenomena. (lu.se)
  • These two examples demonstrate the capabilities of artificial intelligence: In June, 'Project Debater' from IBM debated complex topics with two master debaters - and performed remarkably well. (bosch.com)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) is designed to replicate the cognitive functions of human beings and, therefore, expertise from a range of fields is required to harness the opportunities and tackle the challenges presented by this rapidly evolving technology. (edu.au)
  • The ultimate goal of artificial general intelligence is to replicate the broad range of human cognitive abilities. (accenture.com)
  • The Eindhoven Artificial Intelligent Systems Institute (EAISI) aims to develop AI-technology for real-time autonomous decision-making, which has a direct impact on the real world. (tue.nl)
  • In the journey toward this potential technology revolution is something that I have been focused on called artificial swarm intelligence. (forbes.com)
  • In a similar paradigm to starling murmurations or swarms of bees, there is an emerging AI technology called swarm intelligence . (forbes.com)
  • As AI computer vision technology advances, its applications will extend into artificial reality, predicts Joseph Tou, managing director of Sony Ventures, which manages Sony's venture investment activities. (informationweek.com)
  • Technology leaps in the hardware and software fields pave the way for artificial intelligence to enter everyday life. (bosch.com)
  • There's been a great deal of hype and excitement in the artificial intelligence (AI) world around a newly developed technology known as GPT-3. (forbes.com)
  • Advancements in artificial intelligence and machine-learning technology have made the development of enhanced user experiences possible. (uxmatters.com)
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) applies technology to make computers (seem to) act rationally. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate a novel collective intelligence technology designed to amplify the diagnostic accuracy of networked human groups by forming real-time systems modeled on biological swarms. (nature.com)
  • It seems like a natural match: combining the power of AI with immersive artificial reality, which replaces the user's vision, and augmented multimedia environments, which add to it. (informationweek.com)
  • Using historical data, artificial intelligence can anticipate a user's action or query and provide a possible solution or pertinent results. (uxmatters.com)
  • The time has come to consider these issues, and this consideration must include progress in artificial intelligence (AI) as much as insights from AI theory. (routledge.com)
  • Sharing insights from leading thinkers in artificial intelligence, this book provides you with an expert-level perspective of what is on the horizon for AI, whether it will be a threat for humanity, and how we might counteract this threat. (routledge.com)
  • Errors, Insights, and Lessons of Famous Artificial Intelligence Predictions. (routledge.com)
  • Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Icons - Monoline Series Vector line icon set appropriate for web and print applications. (istockphoto.com)
  • Students will learn applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques for spatial modelling and analysis, including predictive modelling. (lu.se)
  • Processes (BPs), decisions and Artificial Intelligence (AI) that are building today's businesses. (lu.se)
  • Most of today's managerial work requires knowledge and toolsets to manage business to be supported by and automated through Artificial Intelligence (AI). (lu.se)
  • Sometimes also called "strong AI," AGI aims to create machines capable of general intelligence-the kind we typically associate with broad competence such as common-sense reasoning. (accenture.com)
  • TU/e offers various education programs in the field of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence. (tue.nl)
  • Embark on a journey of continuous learning and professional growth with our cutting-edge programs in Data Science & Artificial Intelligence. (tue.nl)
  • The Applied Artificial Intelligence Group, GIAA, is made up of a team of nationally prestigious physicists, telecommunications and information engineers, known for their ability to resolve engineering problems by incorporating the newest artificial intelligence techniques: automatic learning, evolutionary computation, data analysis, multi-objective optimisation, fuzzy systems and intelligent agents. (uc3m.es)
  • It provides diverse datasets and hosts machine learning competitions, allowing users to gain hands-on experience with Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Data Science. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Chatbots, self-driving cars, delivery drones, Google Translate, Alexa, and Siri are all perfect examples of artificial intelligence using historical data to deliver enhanced services. (uxmatters.com)
  • In the field of UX design, artificial intelligence, or machine learning, can now power UX processes ranging from the analysis of data to creating design deliverables. (uxmatters.com)
  • For example, an artificial intelligence could generate questionnaires to collect data from users, then use that data for qualitative data analysis . (uxmatters.com)
  • Artificial intelligence can also provide relevant responses to users who need to carry out qualitative data analyses. (uxmatters.com)
  • CDC's Data Modernization Initiative supports artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and other powerful solutions for large or complex data. (cdc.gov)
  • The critical evaluation of the deep learning results constitutes an important cornerstone of IntelliAQ and lays a foundation for trustworthy artificial intelligence for environmental data analysis. (europa.eu)
  • A data-driven, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) based solution can address these uncertainties by replicating the most effective and efficient procedures throughout the learning stage of the algorithm. (halliburton.com)
  • Also tell me which is the good training courses in Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for beginners. (roseindia.net)
  • mit artificial intelligence course mit artificial intelligence course Hi, I am beginner in Data. (roseindia.net)
  • Artificial Intelligence is used to collect data about you and select the information that you should see first on the internet. (lu.se)
  • Today, every business sector and industry is incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) to automate processes, improve efficiency, and reduce costs, including the industry of digital transformation, which is using artificial intelligence specifically to improve the user experience. (uxmatters.com)
  • In this article, I'll discuss some impacts of artificial intelligence on user experiences, what UX processes artificial intelligence can make more efficient, how artificial intelligence can help UX designers, and how artificial intelligence might affect UX design jobs in the future. (uxmatters.com)
  • Google introduced a new large language model, used for training artificial intelligence tools like chatbots, known as PaLM 2, and said it has already woven it into many of the internet search company's marquee products. (arkansasonline.com)
  • Browse 135,800+ artificial intelligence stock illustrations and vector graphics available royalty-free, or search for machine learning or ai icon to find more great stock images and vector art. (istockphoto.com)
  • His insightful articles on Tech Pilot take you on a captivating journey through the cutting-edge realm of artificial intelligence. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing our world, reshaping industries, and redefining business strategies. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Artificial Intelligence: Ethical & Societal Challenges is a four-week course that explores ethical and societal aspects of the increasing use of artificial intelligent technologies (AI). (lu.se)
  • An AI might be a cold calculating engine, but if it's going to imitate human intelligence, it has to make mistakes. (oreilly.com)
  • And if we don't know what constitutes human intelligence, why are we even talking about artificial intelligence? (oreilly.com)
  • They believe that aspects of learning as well as other characteristics of human intelligence can be simulated by machines. (bosch.com)
  • The primary reason for using artificial intelligence is reducing the need for human attention. (uxmatters.com)
  • this approach could harness the best of human intelligence and artificial intelligence to create a collective super intelligence. (nature.com)
  • Since antiquity the human mind has been intrigued by artificial intelligence hence, rapid growth of computer science has raised many issues concerning the isolation of the human mind. (ipl.org)
  • The progression of artificial intelligence is not only allowing roots to obtain human attributes, but they are also being designed to analyze and make judgement. (ipl.org)
  • Cut through the hype with our practical guide to machine learning in business and find out whether your organization is truly ready for taking on artificial intelligence projects . (cio.com)
  • Anyway, I'm guessing you're well versed and well-read in machine learning and artifical neural networks etc.. and sounds like you want to do something with speech recognition. (codeproject.com)
  • In some respects, artificial intelligence, or machine learning (ML), and UX designers have similar functions. (uxmatters.com)
  • Integrating artificial intelligence, or machine learning, into these systems makes it possible to gather and analyze metrics that help product teams to understand how each individual user interacts with the elements of a user interface. (uxmatters.com)
  • Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Icons - Monoline. (istockphoto.com)
  • The success of machine learning on narrow tasks has sidetracked us from the goal of artificial general intelligence. (accenture.com)
  • In the last decade, in the artificial intelligence field, knowledge bases have attracted tremendous interest from both academia and industry, and many large knowledge bases are now available. (mdpi.com)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) is experiencing a wave of enthusiasm, since ground-breaking results have been published on cognitive problems such as image and speech recognition, automated language translation, robotics, and strategic games. (europa.eu)
  • In doing so, he lays the foundation for what we call artificial intelligence today. (bosch.com)
  • In the emerging swarm intelligence, we will have specialized bots that can group together to accomplish similar orchestrated missions. (forbes.com)
  • Traditionally, swarm intelligence has been focused on spatial and temporal awareness in the physical world - think Battle Bots or the Terminator. (forbes.com)
  • Deep learning tools use "artificial neural networks" that mimic how our brain cells take in, process, and react to signals from the rest of our body. (cancer.gov)
  • Spend a day learning about Artificial Intelligence and the IBM AI tools. (lu.se)
  • In a few centuries or perhaps a few decades, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and biosynthetic engineering will be perfected to the degree that androids will closely resemble humans and biosynthetically engineered humans will resemble androids. (countercurrents.org)
  • As a signal (for instance an image of a letter) reaches the image sensor, the image's light pattern encodes a certain configuration of LED pixels, which in turn stimulates another layer of photodetectors, along with an artificial synapse array, which classifies the signal based on the pattern and strength of the incoming LED light. (scienceblog.com)
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines or software, as opposed to the intelligence of humans or animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the intelligence of artificial systems were to surpass that of humans, humanity would face significant risks. (routledge.com)
  • Omohundro makes the point that even an innocuous artificial agent can easily turn into a serious threat for humans. (routledge.com)
  • Some examples of such tasks that artificial intelligence can automate include resizing images, making color corrections, and cropping images. (uxmatters.com)
  • It starts with an introduction to the problem of risk and the future of artificial intelligence, followed by a discussion (Armstrong/Sokala/ÓhÉigeartaigh) on how predictions of its future have fared to date. (routledge.com)
  • The goal of this briefing is to deepen understanding of artificial intelligence's (AI) current role in disaster risk reduction (DRR), project its potential future trajectories within this sector, and address arising concerns. (preventionweb.net)
  • Why this recent surge in deep learning and, more generally, in artificial intelligence? (pasteur.fr)
  • Critics, however, find fault with Deep Blue for winning merely by calculating all possible moves, rather than with cognitive intelligence. (bosch.com)
  • Using this definition of native intelligence, we employ a chance elimination argument in the literature to form a simple, but promising native intelligence metric. (nist.gov)
  • As discussed in a previous NIOSH Science Blog, artificial intelligence (AI) is in the process of transforming almost all aspects of society. (cdc.gov)
  • Artificial Intelligence in Cardiothoracic Science was funded 2006. (lu.se)
  • This is the first course in the new course package on "Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Life Science" and will not have any programming exercises. (lu.se)