Arthropod proteins. Medical search

Proteins synthesized by organisms belonging to the phylum ARTHROPODA. Included in this heading are proteins from the subdivisions ARACHNIDA; CRUSTACEA; and HORSESHOE CRABS. Note that a separate heading for INSECT PROTEINS is listed under this heading.

Members of the phylum Arthropoda, composed of organisms having a hard, jointed exoskeleton and paired jointed legs. It includes the class INSECTS and the subclass ARACHNIDA, many species of which are important medically as parasites or as vectors of organisms capable of causing disease in man.

Arthropods, other than insects and arachnids, which transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.

Arthropods of the class ARACHNIDA, order Araneae. Except for mites and ticks, spiders constitute the largest order of arachnids, with approximately 37,000 species having been described. The majority of spiders are harmless, although some species can be regarded as moderately harmful since their bites can lead to quite severe local symptoms. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, p508; Smith, Insects and Other Arthropods of Medical Importance, 1973, pp424-430)

A large subphylum of mostly marine ARTHROPODS containing over 42,000 species. They include familiar arthropods such as lobsters (NEPHROPIDAE), crabs (BRACHYURA), shrimp (PENAEIDAE), and barnacles (THORACICA).

A class of Arthropoda that includes SPIDERS; TICKS; MITES; and SCORPIONS.

A genus of bacteria comprised of a heterogenous group of gram-negative small rods and coccoid forms associated with arthropods. (From Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol 1, 1984)

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The class Insecta, in the phylum ARTHROPODA, whose members are characterized by division into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. They are the dominant group of animals on earth; several hundred thousand different kinds having been described. Three orders, HEMIPTERA; DIPTERA; and SIPHONAPTERA; are of medical interest in that they cause disease in humans and animals. (From Borror et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p1)

Venoms from animals of the phylum Arthropoda. Those most investigated are from scorpions and spiders of the class Arachnidae and from ant, bee, and wasp families of the Insecta order Hymenoptera. The venoms contain protein toxins, enzymes, and other bioactive substances and may be lethal to man.

Animals that have no spinal column.

A discipline or occupation concerned with the study of INSECTS, including the biology and the control of insects.

Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.

Proteins found in any species of insect.

Arthropods of the order Scorpiones, of which 1500 to 2000 species have been described. The most common live in tropical or subtropical areas. They are nocturnal and feed principally on insects and other arthropods. They are large arachnids but do not attack man spontaneously. They have a venomous sting. Their medical significance varies considerably and is dependent on their habits and venom potency rather than on their size. At most, the sting is equivalent to that of a hornet but certain species possess a highly toxic venom potentially fatal to humans. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Smith, Insects and Other Arthropods of Medical Importance, 1973, p417; Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, p503)

A phylum of metazoan invertebrates comprising the segmented worms, and including marine annelids (POLYCHAETA), freshwater annelids, earthworms (OLIGOCHAETA), and LEECHES. Only the leeches are of medical interest. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

A genus of small beetles of the family Tenebrionidae; T. confusum is the "confused flour beetle".

INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies and their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.

One of the largest orders of mostly marine CRUSTACEA, containing over 10,000 species. Like AMPHIPODA, the other large order in the superorder Peracarida, members are shrimp-like in appearance, have sessile compound eyes, and no carapace. But unlike Amphipoda, they possess abdominal pleopods (modified as gills) and their bodies are dorsoventrally flattened.

A yellowish fossil resin, the gum of several species of coniferous trees, found in the alluvial deposits of northeastern Germany. It is used in molecular biology in the analysis of organic matter fossilized in amber.

Blood-sucking acarid parasites of the order Ixodida comprising two families: the softbacked ticks (ARGASIDAE) and hardbacked ticks (IXODIDAE). Ticks are larger than their relatives, the MITES. They penetrate the skin of their host by means of highly specialized, hooked mouth parts and feed on its blood. Ticks attack all groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In humans they are responsible for many TICK-BORNE DISEASES, including the transmission of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; TULAREMIA; BABESIOSIS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER; and RELAPSING FEVER. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, pp543-44)

Family of spider MITES, in the superfamily Tetranychoidea, suborder Trombidiformes.

Any arthropod of the subclass ACARI except the TICKS. They are minute animals related to the spiders, usually having transparent or semitransparent bodies. They may be parasitic on humans and domestic animals, producing various irritations of the skin (MITE INFESTATIONS). Many mite species are important to human and veterinary medicine as both parasite and vector. Mites also infest plants.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Instinctual behavior pattern in which food is obtained by killing and consuming other species.

An order of parasitic, blood-sucking, wingless INSECTS with the common name of fleas.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Periodic casting off FEATHERS; HAIR; or cuticle. Molting is a process of sloughing or desquamation, especially the shedding of an outer covering and the development of a new one. This phenomenon permits growth in ARTHROPODS, skin renewal in AMPHIBIANS and REPTILES, and the shedding of winter coats in BIRDS and MAMMALS.

An arthropod subclass (Xiphosura) comprising the North American (Limulus) and Asiatic (Tachypleus) genera of horseshoe crabs.

A large, subclass of arachnids comprising the MITES and TICKS, including parasites of plants, animals, and humans, as well as several important disease vectors.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain STILBENES.

A diverse genus of minute freshwater CRUSTACEA, of the suborder CLADOCERA. They are a major food source for both young and adult freshwater fish.

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

A suborder of HEMIPTERA, called true bugs, characterized by the possession of two pairs of wings. It includes the medically important families CIMICIDAE and REDUVIIDAE. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Eating of excrement by animal species.

The injection of drugs, most often analgesics, into the spinal canal without puncturing the dura mater.

A large order of insects characterized by having the mouth parts adapted to piercing or sucking. It is comprised of four suborders: HETEROPTERA, Auchenorrhyncha, Sternorrhyncha, and Coleorrhyncha.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

The branch of medicine concerned with diseases, mainly of parasitic origin, common in tropical and subtropical regions.

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day.

A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

The period of recovery following an illness.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.

TCR-mediated activation of allergen-specific CD45RO(+) memory T lymphocytes results in down-regulation of cell-surface CXCR4 expression and a strongly reduced capacity to migrate in response to stromal cell-derived factor-1. (1/346)

The selective migration of functional T(h) lymphocyte subsets with different cytokine production profiles into inflamed tissue is likely to depend on the state of activation of the cells, as well as on the differential expression of various adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors. In this study, we have analyzed the effect of allergen-specific activation on the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 on T lymphocytes. We show that stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopic patients with the allergen Der p results in down-regulation of CXCR4 surface expression on Der p-activated CD25(+)CD45RO(+) antigen-specific memory cells which was caused by a decrease in CXCR4 gene transcription and did not seem to be mediated by endogenous cytokines, such as IFN-gamma. In contrast, however, CXCR4 surface expression was enhanced on naive CD25(-)CD45RO(-) and resting CD25(-)CD45RO(+) memory T cells, as a result of the presence of endogenous IL-4, most likely produced by Der p-activated memory T cells. Antigen-specific CD25(+)CD45RO(+) T lymphocytes, purified 7 days after stimulation with Der p, had a strongly reduced capacity to migrate in response to stimulation with stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1, the ligand for CXCR4. Together, these results suggest that differential expression of CXCR4 on activated and resting T cells is due to the counteracting effects of TCR-mediated down-regulation and IL-4-mediated up-regulation of this chemokine receptor respectively, and furthermore indicate that antigen-activated memory T cells are unlikely to migrate into inflamed tissue in response to SDF-1. (+info)

Functional and structural diversities of C-reactive proteins present in horseshoe crab hemolymph plasma. (2/346)

Limulin, a sialic-acid-binding and phosphorylethanolamine-binding hemagglutinin in the hemolymph plasma of the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), is a hemolytic C-reactive protein [Armstrong, P.B., Swarnakar, S., Srimal, S., Misquith, S., Hahn, E.A., Aimes, R. T. & Quigley, J.P. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 14717-14721]. We have now identified three types of C-reactive protein in the plasma of the Japanese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus), based on different affinities against fetuin-agarose and phosphorylethanolamine-agarose determined by quantitative precipitin assays using fetuin and an artificial phosphorylethanolamine-protein conjugate. Partial amino acid sequences of the isolated C-reactive proteins identified homologous proteins which were named Tachypleus tridentatus CRP-1 (tCRP-1), tCRP-2 and tCRP-3, each of which possibly constitute isoprotein mixtures. tCRP-2 and tCRP-3, but not tCRP-1, agglutinated mammalian erythrocytes. tCRP-1, the most abundant C-reative protein in the plasma, exhibited the highest affinity to the phosphorylethanolamine-protein conjugate but lacked both sialic-acid-binding and hemolytic activities. tCRP-2 bound to both fetuin-agarose and phosphorylethanolamine-agarose, and exhibited Ca2+-dependent hemolytic and sialic-acid-binding activities, suggestive of limulin-like properties. Furthermore, tCRP-2 exhibited a higher affinity to colominic acid, a bacterial polysialic acid. By contrast, tCRP-3 shows stronger hemolytic, sialic-acid-binding and hemagglutinating activities than tCRP-2. tCRP-3 has no affinity to phosphorylethanolamine-agarose, phosphorylethanolamine-protein conjugate and colominic acid. This suggests tCRP-3 is a novel hemolytic C-reactive protein lacking a common characteristic of phosphorylethanolamine-agarose binding affinity. Twenty-two clones of tCRPs with different deduced amino acid sequences were obtained by PCR using oligonucleotide primers based on the N-terminal and C-terminal sequences of tCRPs and with templates including genomic DNA and cDNA of hemocytes or hepatopancreas derived from one individual. The translation products of the tCRP clones possess high molecular diversity which falls into three related groups, consistent with classification based on their biological activities. Only tCRP-3 contained a unique hydrophobic nonapeptide sequence that appears in the transmembrane domain of a major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chain of rainbow trout, suggesting the importance of the hydrophobic patch to the hemolytic activity of tCRP-3. The structural and functional diversities of tCRPs provide a good model for studying the properties of innate immunity in invertebrates, which survive without the benefit of acquired immunity. (+info)

A remarkable, precisely timed release of hyperglycemic hormone from endocrine cells in the gut is associated with ecdysis in the crab Carcinus maenas. (3/346)

Molting or ecdysis is the most fundamentally important process in arthropod life history, because shedding of the exoskeleton is an absolute prerequisite for growth and metamorphosis. Although the hormonal mechanisms driving ecdysis in insects have been studied extensively, nothing is known about these processes in crustaceans. During late premolt and during ecdysis in the crab Carcinus maenas, we observed a precise and reproducible surge in hemolymph hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) levels, which was over 100-fold greater than levels seen in intermolt animals. The source of this hormone surge was not from the eyestalk neurosecretory tissues but from previously undescribed endocrine cells (paraneurons), in defined areas of the foregut and hindgut. During premolt (the only time when CHH is expressed by these tissues), the gut is the largest endocrine tissue in the crab. The CHH surge, which is a result of an unusual, almost complete discharge of the contents of the gut endocrine cell, regulates water and ion uptake during molting, thus allowing the swelling necessary for successful ecdysis and the subsequent increase in size during postmolt. This study defines an endocrine brain/gut axis in the arthropods. We propose that the ionoregulatory process controlled by CHH may be common to arthropods, in that, for insects, a similar mechanism seems to be involved in antidiuresis. It also seems likely that a cascade of very precisely coordinated release of (neuro) hormones controls ecdysis. (+info)

Characterization of an alpha-macroglobulin-like glycoprotein isolated from the plasma of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata. (4/346)

We report the identification of the first representative of the alpha-2-macroglobulin family identified in terrestrial invertebrates. An abundant acidic glycoprotein was isolated from the plasma of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata. Its molecular mass is about 420 kDa in the native state, whereas in SDS/PAGE it migrates as one band of 190 kDa under nonreducing conditions and a band of 92 kDa when reduced. Chemical deglycosylation reveals that it is composed of two different subunits, designated A and B. The N-terminal amino-acid sequence of subunit A is similar to the N-terminus of invertebrate alpha-2-macroglobulin. Sequence analysis of several internal peptides confirms that the tick protein belongs to the alpha-2-macroglobulin family, and the protein is therefore referred to as tick alpha-macroglobulin (TAM). Functional analyses strengthen this assignment. TAM inhibits trypsin and thermolysin cleavage of the high-molecular-weight substrate azocoll in a manner similar to that of bovine alpha-2-macroglobulin. This effect is abolished by pre-treatment of TAM with methylamine. In the presence of TAM, trypsin is protected against active-site inhibition by soybean trypsin inhibitor. We cloned and sequenced a PCR product containing sequences from both subunits and spanning the N-terminus of subunit B and the putative 'bait region' (a segment of alpha-2-macroglobulin which serves as target for various proteases). This indicates that the two subunits are generated from a precursor polypeptide by post-translational processing. (+info)

Cloning and characterization of a novel nuclease from shrimp hepatopancreas, and prediction of its active site. (5/346)

Approximately 95% of the amino acid sequence of a shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) nuclease was derived from protease-digested peptides. A 1461-base cDNA for the nuclease was amplified and sequenced with degenerate primers based on the amino acid sequence and then specific primers by 3' and 5' RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). It contains an open reading frame encoding a putative 21-residue signal peptide and a 381-residue mature protein. The N-terminus of the enzyme is pyroglutamate, deduced from composition and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight MS analyses, and confirmed by a glutamine residue in the cDNA sequence. The enzyme has 11 Cys residues, forming five intramolecular disulphides. The eleventh Cys residue was linked to a thiol compound with an estimated molecular mass of between 500 and 700 Da. A sequence similarity search revealed no homologous proteins but residues 205-255 shared a conserved active-site motif within a distinct group of nucleases. His(211) in this conserved motif was shown to be very important in catalysis by site-specific modification with (14)C-labelled iodoacetate. The shrimp nuclease, previously designated DNase I, does indeed possess a low level of hydrolytic activity towards RNA in the presence of Mg(2+) and Ca(2+). The conservation of functionally important residues during distant evolution might imply that the catalytic mechanisms are similar in these nucleases, which should be classified in one subfamily. Finally, an active-site structure for shrimp nuclease was proposed on the basis of published structural data and the results of mutational and biochemical analyses of Serratia nuclease. (+info)

Structure of tick anticoagulant peptide at 1.6 A resolution complexed with bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. (6/346)

The structure of tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP) has been determined by X-ray crystallography at 1.6 A resolution complexed with bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI). The TAP-BPTI crystals are tetragonal, a = b = 46.87, c = 50.35 A, space group P41, four complexes per unit cell. The TAP molecules are highly dipolar and form an intermolecular helical array along the c-axis with a diameter of about 45 A. Individual TAP units interact in a head-to-tail fashion, the positive end of one molecule associating with the distal negative end of another, and vice versa. The BPTI molecules have a uniformly distributed positively charged surface that interacts extensively through 14 hydrogen bonds and two hydrogen bonded salt bridges with the helical groove around the helical TAP chains. Comparing the structure of TAP in TAP-BPTI with TAP bound to factor Xa(Xa) suggests a massive reorganization in the N-terminal tetrapeptide and the first disulfide loop of TAP (Cys5T-Cys15T) upon binding to Xa. The Tyr1(T)OH atom of TAP moves 14.2 A to interact with Asp189 of the S1 specificity site, Arg3(T)CZ moves 5.0 A with the guanidinium group forming a cation-pi-electron complex in the S4 subsite of Xa, while Lys7(T)NZ differs in position by 10.6 A in TAP-BPTI and TAP-Xa, all of which indicates a different pre-Xa-bound conformation for the N-terminal of TAP in its native state. In contrast to TAP, the BPTI structure of TAP-BPTI is practically the same as all those of previously determined structures of BPTI, only arginine and lysine side-chain conformations showing significant differences. (+info)

The underlying mechanism for the diversity of disulfide folding pathways. (7/346)

The disulfide folding pathway of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) is characterized by the predominance of folding intermediates with native-like structures. Our laboratory has recently analyzed the folding pathway(s) of four 3-disulfide-containing proteins, including hirudin, potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor, epidermal growth factor, and tick anticoagulant peptide. Their folding mechanism(s) differ from that of BPTI by 1) a higher degree of heterogeneity of 1- and 2-disulfide intermediates and 2) the presence of 3-disulfide scrambled isomers as folding intermediates. To search for the underlying causes of these diversities, we conducted kinetic analyses of the reductive unfolding of these five proteins. The experiment of reductive unfolding was designed to evaluate the relative stability and interdependence of disulfide bonds in the native protein. It is demonstrated here that among these five proteins, there exists a striking correlation between the mechanism(s) of reductive unfolding and that of oxidative folding. Those proteins with their native disulfide bonds reduced in a collective and simultaneous manner exhibit both a high degree of heterogeneity of folding intermediates and the accumulation of scrambled isomers along the folding pathway. A sequential reduction of the native disulfide bonds is associated with the presence of predominant intermediates with native- like structures. (+info)

Synthetic endotoxin-binding peptides block endotoxin-triggered TNF-alpha production by macrophages in vitro and in vivo and prevent endotoxin-mediated toxic shock. (8/346)

Lipid A, the conserved portion of endotoxin, is the major mediator of septic shock; therefore, endotoxin-neutralizing molecules could have important clinical applications. Here we show that peptides derived from Limulus anti-LPS factor (LALF), bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) and endotoxin-binding protein, bind to lipid A and block the recombinant LALF/lipid A interaction in vitro. Because their neutralizing capacity in vitro as well as in vivo has been limited, we created hybrid peptides comprising two endotoxin-binding domains. The hybrid molecule LL-10-H-14, containing endotoxin-binding domains from LALF and endotoxin-binding protein, turned out to be the most active peptide within the series of peptides tested here to inhibit the CD14/lipid A interaction and is able in vitro to block the endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha release of murine macrophages up to 90%. Furthermore, LL-10-H-14 not only reduced peak serum levels of TNF-alpha of mice when preinjected but also reduced TNF-alpha levels when given 15 min after the endotoxin challenge. As compared with other peptides, only LL-10-H-14 is able to strongly decrease endotoxin-stimulated TNF-alpha release by human macrophage cell lines as well as by PBMC. Furthermore, the hybrid peptide is protective against endotoxin-provoked lethal shock. As such, LL-10-H-14 could have prophylactic and/or therapeutic properties in humans for the management of septic shock. (+info)

Play media Resilin is an elastomeric protein found in many insects and other arthropods. It provides soft rubber-elasticity to ... elastin: a vertebrate protein Deming T (2012). Peptide-Based Materials. Springer Publishing. Neurath H (1966). The Proteins ... and tri-tyrosine cross-links between proteins. Resilin is a disordered protein; however its segments may take on secondary ... Like other elastomeric proteins, the degree of cross linking in resilin is low, which ensures the low stiffness and high ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resilin

The arthropod 'Brain Tumor' protein (Brat; Q8MQJ9) is one such growth regulator that contains a 6-bladed NHL-repeat beta- ... The NHL repeat has also been used to design a family of fully symmetrical 6-blade beta-propeller proteins called "Pizza". These ... The NHL repeats are also found in serine/threonine protein kinase (STPK) in diverse range of pathogenic bacteria. These STPK ... Kano S, Miyajima N, Fukuda S, Hatakeyama S (July 2008). "Tripartite motif protein 32 facilitates cell growth and migration via ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHL_repeat

A Rubberlike Protein in Arthropod Cuticle". Advances in Insect Physiology Volume 2. Advances in Insect Physiology. 2. p. 1. doi ... Weis-Fogh then went to the University of Cambridge in England for four years, where he discovered a rubbery protein, resilin, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkel_Weis-Fogh

... proteins, and lipids). The primary oxygen transporter molecule is hemocyanin. Arthropod hemolymph contains high levels of free ... Proteins present in the hemolymph vary in quantity during the course of development. These proteins are classified by their ... and those involved in the immune responses of arthropods. Some hemolymphic proteins incorporate carbohydrates and lipids into ... Arthropod hormones are present, most notably the juvenile hormone. Trehalose can be present and sometimes in great amounts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolymph

P. fuscatus eats arthropod prey, animal proteins, carbohydrates and protein. They will eat caterpillars, flies, ants, termites ... They use the scavenged animal protein from both vertebrates and arthropods such as: caterpillars, flies, alate ants, termites, ... and hunt arthropod prey or scavenge animal proteins." Water is used for the following processes: nest cooling, construction, ... Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification Web. 21 Sept. 2014. . MacLean, Bonnie, Leland Chandler, and David Maclean. (1978 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polistes_fuscatus

"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... "Crustacean (arthropod)". Encyclopædia Britannica. G. L. Pesce. "Remipedia Yager, 1981". D. E. Aiken; V. Tunnicliffe; C. T. Shih ... Although most crustaceans are small, their morphology varies greatly and includes both the largest arthropod in the world - the ... They are distinguished from other groups of arthropods, such as insects, myriapods and chelicerates, by the possession of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustacean

"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... The Myriochelata or Paradoxopoda, is a proposed grouping of arthropods comprising the Myriapoda (including millipedes and ... and protein-coding genes. More recent molecular studies, however, favour grouping the myriapods with the Pancrustacea, rather ... A congruent solution to arthropod phylogeny: phylogenomics, microRNAs and morphology support monophyletic Mandibulata. Proc R ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myriochelata

Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) J.G. Duman (2001). "Antifreeze and ice nucleator proteins in terrestrial arthropods". ... The winter flounder is one such fish that utilizes these proteins to survive in its frigid environment. Noncolligative proteins ... There are many techniques that aid in maintaining a liquid state, such as the production of antifreeze proteins, which bind to ... There are many techniques that aid in maintaining a liquid state, such as the production of antifreeze proteins, or AFPs, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercooling

Duman JG (2001). "Antifreeze and ice nucleator proteins in terrestrial arthropods". Annu. Rev. Physiol. 63: 327-57. doi:10.1146 ... It is a type V antifreeze protein with a molecular weight of 12.8 kDa; this type of AFP is noted for its hyperactivity. R. ... The TxTxTxT domains are irregularly spaced within the protein and have been shown to be conserved from the TxT binding motif of ... These data suggest that RiAFP is a well-folded β-helical protein, having six β-strand regions consisting of 13-amino acids ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RiAFP

Its protein source is small arthropods such as insects. It is normally solitary and can be found at varying heights above the ... and feeds on insects and other small insect-like arthropods as a source of protein. It seems to prefer epiphytes. It is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collared_inca

The wasps acquire protein from hunting several groups of arthropods. Foraging wasps crush their caught prey and carry the ... Foraging for animal proteins is the most complex task for worker wasps. In order to successfully hunt prey, wasps require prey ... P. exigua are small wasps that find nourishment from nectar and prey on arthropods. Their nests are disc-shaped and hang from ... Wasps were reported to share this food with other adults and offer the protein in a macerated form to larvae. The water ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protopolybia_exigua

Protein is acquired through the general predation of land arthropods. A. vicina are known to prey most heavily on insects of ... They are predators of land arthropods, consuming both insects and spiders alike. Recent sperm morphology studies have shown ... Colonies forage for water, plant tissue, protein and carbohydrates. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agelaia_vicina

"Reconstructing the phylogeny of 21 completely sequenced arthropod species based on their motor proteins". BMC Genomics. 10: 173 ... Indeed, whereas the mean protein length in D. pulex is quite similar to that of Drosophila, the average gene size is 1000 bp ... D. pulex is an arthropod whose body segments are difficult to distinguish. It can only be recognised by its appendages (only ... its 12 chromosomes contain a minimum set of 30,907 predicted protein-coding genes, more than the 20,000-25,000 contained in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daphnia_pulex

"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... Crustaceans portal Arthropods portal Data related to Anostraca at Wikispecies Media related to Anostraca at Wikimedia Commons. ... ISBN 978-0-471-35837-4. D. R. Khanna (2004). "Segmentation in arthropods". Biology of Arthropoda. Discovery Publishing House. ... Fortey, R.; Thomas, H. (2012). Arthropod Relationships. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 104-105. Minelli, A. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anostraca

"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... Inferences from expressed sequence tags and comparisons with neural cladistics". Arthropod Structure & Development. 40: 289-302 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenocarida

"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapulmonata

"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... Recent analysis based on nuclear protein-coding genes implies that remipedes (along with Cephalocarida) are the sister group of ... Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2012-01-07). "Reevaluating the Arthropod Tree of Life". Annual Review of Entomology. ... arthropods most closely related to insects. Remipedia and Cephalocarida are grouped together form the clade Xenocarida. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remipedia

"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... The name "Mandibulata" refers to the mandibles or jaws, which are the characterizing feature of its member arthropods. ... Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the living arthropods are related as shown in the cladogram below. Crustaceans do ... Mandibulata, termed "mandibulates", is a clade of arthropods that comprises the extant subphyla Myriapoda (millipedes and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibulata

"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-83. ... the anterior part of the arthropod brain and found in the first head segment that in all other arthropods give rise to the eyes ... One theory is that this reflects how a common ancestor of all arthropods evolved; starting its life as a small animal with a ... This is in dispute, however, as genetic evidence suggests they may be the sister group to all other living arthropods. Sea ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_spider

Jeffrey W. Shultz & Jerome C. Regier (22 May 2000). "Phylogenetic analysis of arthropods using two nuclear protein-encoding ... "Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... used the signal in the 62 protein-coding genes assembled by Regier et al. in 2010 to improve the knowledge of the internal ... Gonzalo Giribet & Carles Ribera (June 2000). "A review of arthropod phylogeny: new data based on ribosomal DNA sequences and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancrustacea

Workers forage diurnally, scavenging and predating live arthropods (primarily leaf cutter ants and termites). Opportunistically ... consuming dead and alive animal protein is typical of Ectatomma. However, E. opaciventre has the least diverse diet of studied ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectatomma_opaciventre

"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... Like all arthropods, arachnids have an exoskeleton, and they also have an internal structure of cartilage-like tissue, called ... Extant (living) arthropods are a monophyletic group and are divided into three main clades: chelicerates (including arachnids ... Arthropods portal Arachnophobia Endangered spiders Glossary of spider terms List of extinct arachnids Cracraft, Joel & Donoghue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnid

These proteins are involved in the process of sclerotization of arthropod cuticle, in wound healing, and humoral immune defense ... Also, larval storage proteins in many insects appear to be derived from hemocyanins. The arthropod hemocyanin superfamily is ... Burmester, T (Feb 2002). "Origin and evolution of arthropod hemocyanins and related proteins". Journal of Comparative ... "Evolution of arthropod hemocyanins and insect storage proteins (hexamerins)". Mol Biol Evol. 11 (3): 493-503. doi:10.1093/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemocyanin

Arthropod cuticle consists of chitin linked by a catechol moiety to protein. The cuticle may be strengthened by cross-linking ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechol

... see arthropod exoskeleton). The main structural components of the nematode cuticle are proteins, highly cross-linked collagens ... The proteins and chitin are cross-linked. The rigidity is a function of the types of proteins and the quantity of chitin. It is ... The main structural component of arthropod cuticle is chitin, a polysaccharide composed of N-acetylglucosamine units, together ... Often, in the cuticle of arthropods, structural coloration-producing nanostructures are observed. In botany, plant cuticles are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuticle

Member viruses infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates. It is the only order in the class Ellioviricetes. The ... The S segment encodes the nucleocapsid protein (N). Most bunyaviruses have a negative-sense L and M segment. The S segment of ... The ambisense S segment codes for the viral nucleoprotein (N) in the negative sense and a nonstructural protein (NSs) in the ... In addition, there is a group of bunyaviruses whose replication is restricted to arthropods and is known as insect-specific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunyavirales

... is cleaved from a larger protein to form a mature peptide at two flanking dibasic (K or R) cleavage sites. The sequences ... A gene encoding CNMa was found in most arthropods and comparison among the precursor sequences of several representative ... The receptor for CNMa (CG33696) is a G protein-coupled receptor. Phylogenetic analysis identified two separate clades of CNMaRs ... is a cyclic neuropeptide identified by computational analysis of Drosophila melanogaster protein sequences and named after its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNMa

Hughes, AL (March 1998). "Protein phylogenies provide evidence of a radical discontinuity between arthropod and vertebrate ... Hemolin is thought to be a gene duplication of the developmental protein neuroglian, but has lost two of the protein domains ... In the potential function as a developmental protein, Hemolin has been shown to increase close to pupation in Manduca sexta, ... Hemolin is an immunoglobulin-like protein exclusively found in Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). It was first discovered in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolin

Softer shells are mostly protein. It may be fibrous or quite liquid. Some arthropod eggs do not actually have shells, rather, ... Without the protein, the crystal structure would be too brittle to keep its form and the organic matrix is thought to have a ... Insects and other arthropods lay a large variety of styles and shapes of eggs. Some of them have gelatinous or skin-like ... Arthropod eggs can have extensive ornamentation on their outer surfaces. Fish and amphibians generally lay eggs which are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggshell

Carnivorous mammals have a simple digestive tract because the proteins, lipids and minerals found in meat require little in the ... insectivorous birds eat 400-500 million metric tons of arthropods annually.[46] ... Other peptides in the hypothalamus that induce eating are neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AGRP).[20] ... 1/4 protein food as meat, ... and 1/4 carbohydrates as pasta, rice, ...) will then account to some 1800-2000 kcal, which is the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eat

... which code for proteins with antiviral properties.[51] EBOV's V24 protein blocks the production of these antiviral proteins by ... Between 1976 and 1998, in 30,000 mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and arthropods sampled from regions of EBOV outbreaks, no ... which are then translated into structural and nonstructural proteins. The most abundant protein produced is the nucleoprotein, ... EBOV replication overwhelms protein synthesis of infected cells and the host immune defences. The GP forms a trimeric complex, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

They feed on copepods, arthropod larvae and other zooplankton, eventually settling on the ocean floor and developing directly ... Editing is concentrated in the nervous system and affects proteins involved in neural excitability and neuronal morphology. ... the proteins that guide the connections neurons make with each other. The California two-spot octopus has had its genome ... Octopus blood contains the copper-rich protein haemocyanin to transport oxygen. This makes the blood very viscous and it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda

A hexavalent (OspA) protein subunit-based vaccine candidate VLA15 was granted fast track designation by the U.S. Food and Drug ... "Protection against Mosquitoes, Ticks, & Other Arthropods". Travelers' Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ... Within the tick midgut, the Borrelia's outer surface protein A (OspA) binds to the tick receptor for OspA, known as TROSPA. ... A recombinant vaccine against Lyme disease, based on the outer surface protein A (ospA) of B. burgdorferi, was developed by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

"More DNA support for a Cetacea/Hippopotamidae clade: the blood-clotting protein gene gamma-fibrinogen" (PDF). Molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale

Arthropod * sw:Arthropod. Artificial intelligence * sw:Akili bandia. ASEAN * sw:ASEAN. Ashoka * sw:Ashoka. Asia * sw:Asia. ... Protein * sw:Protein. Protestant Reformation * sw:Protestant Reformation. Protist * sw:Protist. Psychology * sw:Psychology. ...

https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Makala_za_msingi_za_kamusi_elezo/Zote_1000

If you go into a hospital and have a blood test which measures viral proteins, cancer proteins, hormones, vitamins, bacterial ... Arthropods *fireflies. *click beetles. *glow worms *railroad worms. *certain mycetophilid flies. *certain centipedes, such as ... proteins, drugs, it will almost certainly use this technique".[8] The structure of photophores, the light producing organs in ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluminescence

Byrd, J. H.; J. L. Castner (2001). Forensic Entomology: The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations. Boca Raton, FL: CRC ... Hide beetles are the only beetle with the enzymes necessary for breaking down keratin, a protein component of hair. ... Through their own experiments and interest in arthropods and death, Sung Tzu, Francesco Redi, Bergeret d'Arbois, Jean Pierre ... Forensic entomology is the scientific study of the invasion of the succession pattern of arthropods with their developmental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_entomology

Another feature that sets S. coleoptrata apart from other centipedes is that their hemolymph was found to contain proteins for ... House centipedes feed on spiders, bed bugs, termites, cockroaches, silverfish, ants, and other household arthropods. They ... As with many other arthropods, the larvae look like miniature versions of the adult, albeit with fewer legs. Young centipedes ... it kills and eats other arthropods, such as insects and arachnids.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutigera_coleoptrata

They serve as protein and starch storage units serving as a nutrient source for newly developed plants. ... "Disparate effects of plant genotypic diversity on foliage and litter arthropod communities - Semantic Scholar". Retrieved 2018- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clone_

The rearing of one larva requires 125-187.5 mg pollen or 25-37.5 mg protein for proper development.[31] Dietary proteins are ... Adult worker honey bees consume 3.4-4.3 mg of pollen per day to meet a dry matter requirement of 66-74% protein.[31] ... In the hive, pollen is used as a protein source necessary during brood-rearing. In certain environments, excess pollen can be ... Pollen is the only natural protein source for honey bees. ... which produce the protein-rich royal jelly needed by the queen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_Bee

This leads to antiviral protein production, such as protein kinase R, which inhibits viral protein synthesis, or the 2′,5′- ... In the hemolymph, which makes up the fluid in the circulatory system of arthropods, a gel-like fluid surrounds pathogen ... "Resistance" (R) proteins, encoded by R genes, are widely present in plants and detect pathogens. These proteins contain domains ... The cascade is composed of many plasma proteins, synthesized in the liver, primarily by hepatocytes. The proteins work together ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system

... fleas store muscle energy in a pad of the elastic protein named resilin before releasing it rapidly (like a human using a bow ... "Adult Cat Flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) Excretion of Host Blood Proteins in Relation to Larval Nutrition" (PDF). Journal of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea

G protein. A family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are implicated in transmitting signals from a ... and arthropods.. insulin. An anabolic peptide hormone produced in the pancreas which helps to regulate the metabolism of ... A biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids, bound to the proteins, which allow fats to move through the ... protein. A polypeptide chain of amino acids. It is a body-building nutrient.. protist. psychobiology. Also called behavioral ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology

Invertebrate paleontology deals with fossils of invertebrates such as molluscs, arthropods, annelid worms and echinoderms. ... by comparing sequences of DNA or proteins. The result of a successful analysis is a hierarchy of clades - groups that share a ... Although this early study compared proteins from apes and humans, most molecular phylogenetics research is now based on ... "First steps on land: Arthropod trackways in Cambrian-Ordovician eolian sandstone, southeastern Ontario, Canada". Geology. 30 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleontology

In this process the first protein encoded on the genome, and this the first to be translated, is a replicase. This protein will ... Virus Structure Gray, Stewart M.; Banerjee, Nanditta (March 1999). "Mechanisms of Arthropod Transmission of Plant and Animal ... In non-persistent and semi-persistent viruses, these domains are in the coat protein and another protein known as the helper ... Viruses use the plant ribosomes to produce the 4-10 proteins encoded by their genome. However, since many of the proteins are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_virus

2010), "Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences", 》네이처》 463 (7284): 1079- ...

https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/연갑강

2001). Encyclopedia of Arthropod-Transmitted Infections of Man and Domesticated Animals. New York: Centre for Agriculture and ... Procyclins are proteins developed in the surface coating of trypanosomes whilst in their tsetse fly vector.[22] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsetse_fly

The virus consists of four nonstructural proteins and three structural proteins.[12] The structural proteins are the capsid and ... Because it is transmitted by arthropods, namely mosquitoes, it can also be referred to as an arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus ... monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 ... a nonstructural protein that degrades RBP1 and turns off the host cell's ability to transcribe DNA.[51] NS2 interferes with the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikungunya_vaccine

Anaphylaxis from the injection of serum and other nonspecific proteins has been rarely documented.[5][10] Due to each bite ... Bircher, Andreas J (2005). "Systemic Immediate Allergic Reactions to Arthropod Stings and Bites". Dermatology. 210 (2): 119-127 ... Reactions often become more brisk after multiple bites due to possible sensitization to the salivary proteins of the bed bug.[3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_Bug

Felix Rey, of the Pasteur Institute in Paris has constructed the 3D structure of the EFF1 protein[39] and shown it does the ... However, Weismannist development is relatively rare (e.g. vertebrates, arthropods, Volvox), as great part of species have the ... About 800 million years ago,[37] a minor genetic change in a single molecule called guanylate kinase protein-interaction domain ... part of a whole family of FF proteins. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicellular_organisms

... cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes ... Evolutionarily, specialized forms of skeletal and cardiac muscles predated the divergence of the vertebrate/arthropod ... Within the cells of the muscle are myofibrils, which themselves are bundles of protein filaments. The term "myofibril" should ... argue that molecular markers such as the myosin II protein used to determine this single origin of striated muscle actually ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle

"Assessing the Cretaceous superordinal divergence times within birds and placental mammals by using whole mitochondrial protein ... because of the need to hold captured arthropods and crush their exoskeletons. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_mammals

The second most common oxygen-transporting protein found in nature, it is found in the blood of many arthropods and molluscs. ... Each subunit is composed of a protein chain tightly associated with a non-protein prosthetic heme group. Each protein chain ... In all proteins, it is the amino acid sequence that determines the protein's chemical properties and function. ... Protein alignment of human hemoglobin proteins, alpha, beta, and delta subunits respectively. The alignments were created using ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_deficiency

2010). "Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature 463 (7284): 1079 ...

https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remipedia

Whereas the pollen of animal-pollinated flowers tends to be large-grained, sticky, and rich in protein (another "reward" for ... Whereas the pollen of entomophilous flowers tends to be large-grained, sticky, and rich in protein (another "reward" for ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/✿

"Plants: the potentials for extracting protein, medicines, and other useful chemicals (workshop proceedings). DIANE Publishing. ... molluscs and some arthropods) or hemerythrin (spiders and lobsters).[59] A liter of blood can dissolve 200 cm3 of O. 2.[59] ... This class of compounds includes the heme proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin.[115] An exotic and unusual reaction occurs with ... such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats, as do the major constituent inorganic compounds of animal shells, ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/اکسیژن?match=en

It contains no detergents but is created by whipping up proteins and lectins secreted by the female.[81][82] ... Air-breathing arthropods evolved and invaded the land where they provided food for the carnivorous amphibians that began to ... "Proteins of frog foam nests". School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow. Retrieved August 24, 2012.. ... The enzyme chitinase produced in the stomach helps digest the chitinous cuticle of arthropod prey.[63] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian

"Ordinal-level phylogenomics of the arthropod class Diplopoda (Millipedes) based on an analysis of 221 nuclear protein-coding ... In: Roques et al. (Eds). Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe". BIORISK - Biodiversity and Ecosystem Risk Assessment. 4: 97- ... "Arthropod Structure & Development. 39 (2-3): 174-190. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2009.11.002. PMID 19944188.. ... Millipedes are a group of arthropods that are characterised by having two pairs of jointed legs on most body segments; they are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millipede

Nielsen, D.W. (1990). "Arthropod communities associated with Darlingtonia californica". Annals of the Entomological Society of ... Douglas Darnowski published a paper describing the active digestion of proteins when they come in contact with a trichome of a ... Frank, J.H.; O'Meara, G.F. (1984). "The bromeliad Catopsis berteroniana traps terrestrial arthropods but harbors Wyeomyia ... This species can still trap and digest arthropod prey in its specialized bladder traps, but does so sparingly. Instead, it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocarnivorous_plant

The effects of mechanical and chemical damage and three types of biotic damage on the activities of four foliar proteins of the ... These proteins are putative plant defenses in tomato. Differential induction of these proteins by the various damage-treatments ... Defense-related proteins in higher plants.Annu. Rev. Biochem. 59:873-907.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar ... The effects of mechanical and chemical damage and three types of biotic damage on the activities of four foliar proteins of the ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02036193

Expression of engrailed proteins in arthropods, annelids, and chordates.. Patel NH1, Martin-Blanco E, Coleman KG, Poole SJ, ... Other arthropods, including grasshopper and two crustaceans, have similar patterns of engrailed expression. However, these ... Here we describe a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a conserved epitope in the homeodomain of engrailed proteins of a number ... In Drosophila embryos, the antibody reveals engrailed protein in the posterior portion of each segment during segmentation, and ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2570637?dopt=Abstract

Here we describe a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a conserved epitope in the homeodomain of engrailed proteins of a number ... Expression of Engrailed Proteins in Arthropods, Annelids, and Chordates Cell. 1989 Sep 8;58(5):955-68. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674( ... Other arthropods, including grasshopper and two crustaceans, have similar patterns of engrailed expression. However, these ... Here we describe a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a conserved epitope in the homeodomain of engrailed proteins of a number ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2570637/?dopt=Abstract

2005 Arthropod-derived protein EV131 inhibits histamine action and allergic asthma. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ... Arthropods express several biologically active proteins in their saliva, which may allow a prolonged blood meal on the host. ... Proteins identified and expressed include histamine, serotonin, tryptase, and complement binding proteins. We review here data ... that scavenging of endogenous histamine by the histamine-binding protein EV131 has a profound inhibitory effect on allergic ...

http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/20013/

Use of graph theory to characterize human and arthropod vector cell protein response to infection with Anaplasma ... Since most proteins were linked to several cell processes, the changes in protein representation affected simultaneously ... identify host derived key proteins in response to infection that may be used to develop novel control strategies for arthropod- ... To address these challenges, the graph theory was applied to characterize the tick vector and human cell protein response to ...

https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/174867

"Arthropod Proteins" by people in this website by year, and whether "Arthropod Proteins" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Arthropod Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Arthropod Proteins" by people in Profiles. ... Proteins synthesized by organisms belonging to the phylum ARTHROPODA. Included in this heading are proteins from the ...

https://profiles.rush.edu/display/20812

Visualizing proteins accessing the brain. Sign up for Nature Research e-alerts to get the lastest research in your inbox every ... The evolutionary interrelationship of arthropods (jointed-legged animals) has long been a matter of dispute. A new phylogeny ... that crustaceans comprise a diverse assemblage of at last three distinct arthropod types, and that myriapods (millipedes and ... based on an analysis of over 41,000 base pairs of DNA from 75 species, including representatives of every major arthropod ...

http://www.natureasia.com/en/nature/hot-topics/detail/186

Females ingest relatively more protein than carbohydrate during the early stages of egg growth, but relatively more ... They will not reproduce without a protein diet2. ... that the blowfly Calliphora has a cyclic preference for protein ... Electrophysiological Studies of Arthropod Chemoreception IV. Latency, Independence, and Specificity of labellar chemoreceptors ... Response of the Labellar Hairs of the Blowfly, Phormia regina Meigen, to Protein. *D. I. WALLIS1. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/191917a0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=6847f63b-141b-46bd-a6c4-2a30624a8135

Arthropod transcriptional activator protein-1 (AP-1) aids tick-rickettsial pathogen survival in the cold *Supreet Khanal ... Protein structural data that support the findings of this study have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank with the primary ... Protein interactomes. We acquired the top related proteins interacting with the human XIAP and ML-IAP based on previously ... PGRP-LC interacts with the protein IMD3, which recruits the molecule Fas-Associated protein with Death Domain (FADD)4. FADD ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14401?error=cookies_not_supported&code=e12a933e-6bd6-4205-b5cd-d254fcfd1d9a

... oxygen free radicals and several proteins ..."; 2) the CD-ROM included has technical problems-under BugCoach, none of the 4 ... and in its emphasis on arthropods as the cause of disease. A specific arthropod is described in each section, which begins with ... Physicians Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, 5th Edition On This Page ... The concept of symptomatic treatment at the local level may no longer be sufficient to treat certain major types of arthropod- ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/13/9/07-0706

As anticipated for one of the most prominent proteins in the flytraps "green stomach" during prey digestion, transcription of ... Secreted major Venus flytrap chitinase enables digestion of Arthropod prey Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Feb;1844(2):374-83. doi: ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24275507/

Instead, animal cells are held together by structural proteins such as collagen. All animals, except for the sponges, are made ... see also Annelid; Arthropod; Cambrian Explosion; Cell; Chordata; Cnidarian; Echinoderm; Mollusk; Nematode; Platyhelminthes; ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/zoology-and-veterinary-medicine/zoology-general/animalia

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term. Data waiving:. study scientifically not necessary / other information available ... and proteins. It may contain impurities consisting chiefly of carbohydrates and lipids along with smaller quantities of ...

https://www.echa.europa.eu/web/guest/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14739/6/4/3

Protein production systems[edit]. Commonly used protein production systems include those derived from bacteria,[2] yeast,[3][4] ... Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein. It is typically achieved by the ... In biology, to make too many copies of a protein or other substance. Overexpression of certain proteins or other substances may ... Hence, multi-domain eukaryotic proteins expressed in bacteria often are non-functional. Also, many proteins become insoluble as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_expression_%28biotechnology%29

Although strongly positive histidine rich protein 2 (HRP2) line intensities (equal to or greater than the control band) in ... Techniques for Hemagglutination and Hemagglutination-Inhibition with Arthropod-Borne Viruses D. H. Clarke and J. Casals ... f Detection of histidine rich protein 2 and panmalarial ICT Malaria Pf/Pv test antigens after chloroquine treatment of ... Although strongly positive histidine rich protein 2 (HRP2) line intensities (equal to or greater than the control band) in ...

http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.593

The interaction between Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein II (PvDBPII) and human erythrocyte Duffy antigen is necessary ... Techniques for Hemagglutination and Hemagglutination-Inhibition with Arthropod-Borne Viruses D. H. Clarke and J. Casals ... Age-acquired immunity to a Plasmodium vivax invasion ligand, the Duffy binding protein. J Infect Dis 186 : 531-539.. [Google ... Diversity and natural selection in Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein gene. Mol Biochem Parasitol 127 : 121-132.. [Google ...

http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2007.77.955

The influence of these genes/proteins on…. ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ARTHROPODS IN CORN. ... A. Characterize dispersal of arthropod corn pests, and assess its implications for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and for ... Objective 1: Characterization of the effects and interactions of barley glycine-rich RNA--binding proteins and NAC ... Investigate the ecology, biology, evolution, genetics, genomics, and behavior of corn arthropods. ...

https://www.nal.usda.gov/fsrio/research-projects/?f%5B0%5D=category%3A7&f%5B1%5D=category%3A9&f%5B2%5D=funding%3A162&full_text=&status=All&f%5B0%5D=category%3A7&f%5B1%5D=category%3A9&f%5B2%5D=funding%3A162&page=7

Fibrinogen-related proteins in molluscs and arthropods. Fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs), originally discovered and ... LRR proteins are involved in many protein-protein interactions. Examples of immune proteins containing LRRs are plant ... 2008). Localization and diversity of 185/333 proteins from the purple sea urchin - unexpected protein-size range and protein ... thioester-containing protein. TLR. toll-like receptor. VCBP. variable region-containing chitin-binding protein. VLR. variable ...

https://jeb.biologists.org/content/216/23/4313?ijkey=b819e62d64e33e362acb9ba650aec06731ba2334&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

The outer coating is a waxy protein. The middle horny layer and an inner flexible one are made of chitin, a tough ... Groups of Arthropods. The arthropods are often classified, or divided, into four distinct groups, or subphyla. They are ... Arthropod Evolution. Many biologists suspect that the arthropods evolved from the annelids, a phylum of segmented worms that ... Like all animals, arthropods need oxygen to survive. Some small arthropods simply absorb oxygen through their thin body ...

http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/explorations/bug/libraryarticle.asp?ItemID=108&SubjectID=120&categoryID=4

Intro Dengue (DEN) is the most common arthropod-borne viral illness in the world [1]. Approximately 3 billion folks who are ... Dengue (DEN) represents probably the most serious arthropod-borne viral disease. leakage. Dengue (DEN) represents probably the ... It is translated as a single polyprotein that is cleaved by viral and sponsor proteases into three structural proteins (capsid ... Author Summary Dengue (DEN) is an arthropod-transmitted viral disease which affects approximately 390 million individuals in ...

https://onetownmanyvoices.com/dengue-den-represents-probably-the-most-serious-arthropod-borne-viral-disease-leakage/

... DSpace Repository. ... Ribotyping and whole-cell protein analysis of spirochetes isolated from arthropods in the Czech Republic. Annals of ... Ribotyping and whole-cell protein analysis of spirochetes isolated from arthropods in the Czech Republic. ... The wholecell protein profiles of genospecies were more heterogenous than the ribotype patterns. The non-identified spirochetal ...

https://publikace.k.utb.cz/handle/10563/1002135

2.5.3.4 Arthropod-inducible proteins.. 2.5.3.5 Volatile compounds.. 2.6 Defenses used against vertebrate herbivores.. 2.6.1 ...

https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Plant+Defense%3A+Warding+off+attack+by+pathogens%2C+herbivores+and+parasitic+plants-p-9781444347739

QBI presents QBI Arthropod-borne Diseases in the Age of Quantitative Biology - Tuesday, June 18, 2019 , Wednesday, June 19, ... "Understanding flavivirus replication and pathogenesis through comparative protein-protein interaction mapping". 9:45 Ellen Yeh ... QBI Arthropod-borne Diseases in the Age of Quantitative Biology at Gladstone Institutes 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA ... QBI Arthropod-borne Diseases in the Age of Quantitative Biology by QBI ...

https://www.eventbrite.com/e/qbi-arthropod-borne-diseases-in-the-age-of-quantitative-biology-tickets-59554167117?aff=erelexpmlt

PH_BCR_arthropod; Breakpoint Cluster Region-related pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. cl14603. Location:770 → 878. C2; C2 domain ... General protein information Go to the top of the page Help Preferred Names. Rho GTPase activating protein at 1A. Names. CG40494 ... mRNA and Protein(s) * NM_001297796.1 → NP_001284725.1 Rho GTPase activating protein at 1A, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster] ... RhoGAP1A Rho GTPase activating protein at 1A [Drosophila melanogaster] RhoGAP1A Rho GTPase activating protein at 1A [Drosophila ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5740235

2008). Predation risk induces stress proteins and reduces antioxidant defense. Funct. Ecol. 22, 637-642. ... 1991). Arthropod corpses in a temperate grassland - a limited supply. Holarctic Ecol. 14, 63-67. ... 1980). A serological study of arthropod predation on woodlice in a dune grassland ecosystem. J. Anim. Ecol. 49, 987-1004. ... 2007). Stable isotope methods in biological and ecological studies of arthropods. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 124, 3-16. ...

https://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/15/2640.full

Temperature rise and rainforest arthropod abundance. Researchers report that arthropods in the tropics of Puerto Rico have ... and protein concentration of the supernatant was determined by using the Bradford assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins were separated by ... PV levels were 8.7 ± 1.6 μg/mg of protein in PV+/+ mice and 3.4 ± 0.6 in PV+/− mice (40% compared with PV+/+), and no ... After blocking additional protein binding sites, purified recombinant PV or brain samples were added to the wells. Standard ...

http://www.pnas.org/content/97/24/13372

Temperature rise and rainforest arthropod abundance. Researchers report that arthropods in the tropics of Puerto Rico have ... The design of binding sites for nonnatural ligands into natural proteins is a very topical subject in protein design. This also ... Design of an allosterically modulated doxycycline and doxorubicin drug-binding protein. Karin Schmidt, Bernd R. Gardill, Alina ... Design of an allosterically modulated doxycycline and doxorubicin drug-binding protein. Karin Schmidt, Bernd R. Gardill, Alina ...

http://www.pnas.org/content/115/22/5744.short?rss=1

The 287,405 protein sequences from the 18 proteomes were automatically clustered into 20,933 families, including 799 singletons ... the wasp and ants have an order of magnitude more TNAP families and proteins relative to species that belong to Diptera ( ... revealing evolutionary trends and charting functional relationships of proteins remain challenging. We analyzed the relatedness ... b Size distribution of the protein families from 18 Arthropods-complete proteomes. The histogram of protein families is ranked ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-015-1771-2

Ordinal-Level Phylogenomics of the Arthropod Class Diplopoda (Millipedes) Based on an Analysis of 221 Nuclear Protein-Coding ... Brewer, Michael S., and Bond, Jason E.. "Ordinal-Level Phylogenomics of the Arthropod Class Diplopoda (Millipedes) Based on an ... Brewer, Michael S. and Bond, Jason E., "Ordinal-Level Phylogenomics of the Arthropod Class Diplopoda (Millipedes) Based on an ... Brewer, Michael S., Bond, Jason E.. Ordinal-Level Phylogenomics of the Arthropod Class Diplopoda (Millipedes) Based on an ...

https://thescholarship.ecu.edu/handle/10342/7703

A cysteine-rich protein from an arthropod stabilizes clotting mesh and immobilizes bacteria at injury sites. Journal of ... A cysteine-rich protein from an arthropod stabilizes clotting mesh and immobilizes bacteria at injury sites. ：: Journal of ... A cysteine-rich protein from an arthropod stabilizes clotting mesh and immobilizes bacteria at injury sites. / Matsuda, ... Matsuda, Y., Osaki, T., Hashii, T., Koshiba, T., & Kawabata, S-I. (2007). A cysteine-rich protein from an arthropod stabilizes ...

https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/a-cysteine-rich-protein-from-an-arthropod-stabilizes-clotting-mes

The data support the idea that insects are land-living crustaceans, that crustaceans comprise a diverse assemblage of at last three distinct arthropod types, and that myriapods (millipedes and centipedes) are the closest relatives of this great 'pancrustacean' group. (natureasia.com)
In insects, peptidoglycan recognition protein LC (PGRP-LC) and PGRP-LE sense diaminopimelic-type peptidoglycans (DAP-PGN) present in most Gram-negative bacteria. (nature.com)
To address these concerns, expressions systems using multiple eukaryotic cells were developed for applications requiring the proteins be conformed as in, or closer to eukaryotic organisms: cells of plants (i.e. tobacco), of insects or mammalians (i.e. bovines) are transfected with genes and cultured in suspension and even as tissues or whole organisms, to produce fully folded proteins. (wikipedia.org)
To combine the high yield/productivity and scalable protein features of bacteria and yeast, and advanced epigenetic features of plants, insects and mammalians systems, other protein production systems are developed using unicellular eukaryotes (i.e. non-pathogenic ' Leishmania ' cells). (wikipedia.org)
Insects and some other land arthropods breathe through a system of tiny body tubes called tracheae. (scholastic.com)
They are distinguished from other groups of arthropods, such as insects , myriapods and chelicerates , by the possession of biramous (two-parted) limbs, and by their larval forms , such as the nauplius stage of branchiopods and copepods . (wikipedia.org)
Play media Resilin is an elastomeric protein found in many insects and other arthropods. (wikipedia.org)
Dr Christopher J. Coates is an Associate Professor in Comparative Immunology at Swansea University specialising in shellfish health and disease, insects as toxicology models, and the roles of oxygen binding/transport proteins in innate immunity. (swansea.ac.uk)
Dear scientists, Find a comparison of six Arthropod species EST gene assemblies here http://insects.eugenes.org/arthropods/summaries/PASA-EST-assemblies.html EST assembly data are provided, along with gene model udpates produced with PASA EST assembly software. (bio.net)
Two of the largest groups of arthropods - crustaceans and insects - form a single clade, the Pancrustacea. (els.net)
Among the compounds identified during the course of this research are proteins from microbes, predators, and plants that have toxicity that is specific to insects. (mdpi.com)
According to a study published last week, your house could be home to more than 500 different kinds of insects, spiders, and other arthropods. (slate.com)
That is one of the surprise discoveries made by a pair of Vanderbilt biologists when they sequenced the genome of a virus that attacks Wolbachia, a bacterial parasite that has successfully infected not only black widow spiders but more than half of all arthropod species, which include insects, spiders and crustaceans. (newswise.com)

Major groups of arthropods exhibit a characteristic tagmosis. (els.net)

2001. Hox genes and the phylogeny of the arthropods. (tolweb.org)
Here, we address this issue by analysing two independent molecular datasets: a phylogenomic dataset of 198 protein-coding genes including new sequences for myriapods, and novel microRNA complements sampled from all major arthropod lineages. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
undant genes expressing the same proteins. (psu.edu)
Heat shock genes are a subset of a larger group of genes coding for molecular chaperones, i.e. proteins that are involved in 'house-keeping' functions in the cell. (wiley.com)
Transcription of viral genes is initiated by association of the L protein with the three nucleocapsid species. (cdc.gov)
Protein components are identified, their functions in developmental processes are known, and the time and place in the embryo of expression of the genes encoding them are known. (nap.edu)
The molecular data consists of comparisons of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes , mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes, and protein coding genes. (wikipedia.org)

Other arthropods, including grasshopper and two crustaceans, have similar patterns of engrailed expression. (nih.gov)
For added protection, the exoskeleton of ocean-dwelling arthropods (the crustaceans) is strengthened by the addition of the mineral calcium carbonate. (scholastic.com)
Crustaceans ( Crustacea / k r ʌ ˈ s t eɪ ʃ ə / ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as crabs , lobsters , crayfish , shrimps , prawns , krill , woodlice , and barnacles . (wikipedia.org)
Like other arthropods , crustaceans have an exoskeleton , which they moult to grow. (wikipedia.org)

A new phylogeny based on an analysis of over 41,000 base pairs of DNA from 75 species, including representatives of every major arthropod lineage, should ease the way towards a consensus on the matter. (natureasia.com)
Indeed, arthropods far outnumber all other types of animals combined, with an estimated 1 million species. (scholastic.com)
All species of arthropods also share a basic body plan. (scholastic.com)
In the simplest arthropod species, this fluid simply squishes to and fro. (scholastic.com)
Specifically, the wasp and ants have an order of magnitude more TNAP families and proteins relative to species that belong to Diptera (mosquitoes and flies). (biomedcentral.com)
Almost all arthropods lay eggs, but many species give birth to live young after the eggs have hatched inside the mother, and a few are genuinely viviparous, such as aphids. (wikipedia.org)
Estimates of the number of arthropod species vary between 1,170,000 and 5 to 10 million and account for over 80 percent of all known living animal species. (wikipedia.org)
A study in 1992 estimated that there were 500,000 species of animals and plants in Costa Rica alone, of which 365,000 were arthropods. (wikipedia.org)
The hedgehog protein N-product constitutes the active species in both local and long-range signaling, whereas the C-terminal product has no signaling activity. (uniprot.org)
With over 1 million living species described and a rich 520 Myr fossil record, arthropods are the most species-rich clade of animals on Earth, accounting for nearly 80 per cent of animal biodiversity [ 1 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
In an attempt to simplify the complex interactions between multiple species (vertebrate host, arthropod vector, and microbial pathogen) that occur during the blood meal and following the deposition of pathogen in the host, researchers routinely use artificial animal models, which do not account for a number of potential parameters. (frontiersin.org)
We are currently developing a database to support the European arthropod species selection process. (admin.ch)
We describe the protein composition of the digestive fluids of the mygalomorph Acanthoscurria geniculata and the araneomorph Stegodyphus mimosarum , in comparison with previously published data on a third spider species. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we found species specific differences in the protein overlap between venom and digestive fluid, with the difference being significantly greater in S. mimosarum compared to A. geniculata . (biomedcentral.com)
The protein composition of the digestive fluid of all the three species we compared is highly similar, suggesting that the cocktail of enzymes is highly conserved and adapted to spider EOD. (biomedcentral.com)
Of relevance also are the energetic mechanisms of low-oxygen tolerant species, such as the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, whose quiescent embryos respond to long-term anoxia through down-regulation of metabolic processes and cessation of the transcription of mitochondrial proteins (Kwast & Hand 1996. (thefreelibrary.com)

Scorpions are among the oldest terrestrial arthropods plus they have got passed through little morphological changes throughout their evolutionary background on property. (antibodyassay.com)
Devonian terrestrial arthropods from Gondwana. (tolweb.org)
and Parastacidae, emerged much later, after the first terrestrial arthropods conquered land during the Silurian [443 to 419 million years ago (mya)], and are assumed to have their monophyletic origins during the Triassic period (185 to 22 mya) before Pangea split (Crandall et al. (thefreelibrary.com)

An arthropod (/ˈɑːrθrəpɒd/, from Ancient Greek ἄρθρον (arthron) 'joint', and πούς (pous) 'foot' (gen. ποδός)) is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. (wikipedia.org)
Arthropods are characterised by a segmented, jointed and hardened exoskeleton that has internal musculature. (els.net)
Like all arthropods, arachnids have an exoskeleton , and they also have an internal structure of cartilage -like tissue, called the endosternite , to which certain muscle groups are attached. (wikipedia.org)
The insect exoskeleton, or cuticle, is a composite material composed of fibers of the polysaccharide chitin embedded in a matrix of cuticular proteins. (nmu.edu)

The evolutionary interrelationship of arthropods (jointed-legged animals) has long been a matter of dispute. (natureasia.com)
Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein: a modular evolutionary proposal. (ajtmh.org)
In view of such diverse collection of genomes, revealing evolutionary trends and charting functional relationships of proteins remain challenging. (biomedcentral.com)
Evolutionary biology - Sum of the arthropod parts. (tolweb.org)
The evolutionary ancestry of arthropods dates back to the Cambrian period. (wikipedia.org)
Oakley TH and Cunningham CW (2002) Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the independent evolutionary origin of an arthropod compound eye. (els.net)
In this review, we will focus on the ecological and evolutionary roles of stress-inducible heat shock proteins (Hsps), especially on Hsp70, one of the major heat shock proteins that has been intensively studied in model organisms and in naturally occurring populations. (wiley.com)

Most heat shock proteins (Hsp) function as molecular chaperones that help organisms to cope with stress of both an internal and external nature. (wiley.com)
Serum Heat Shock Proteins as Novel Biomarker for Heart. (indigo.ca)

1995. Deducing the pattern of arthropod phylogeny from mitochondrial DNA rearrangements. (tolweb.org)
Progress and problems in arthropod phylogeny. (tolweb.org)
Arthropod fossils and phylogeny. (tolweb.org)
Anderson DT (1973) Embryology and Phylogeny in Annelids and Arthropods. (els.net)

Spiders are predaceous arthropods that are capable of subduing and consuming relatively large prey items compared to their own body size. (biomedcentral.com)

Proteins synthesized by organisms belonging to the phylum ARTHROPODA. (rush.edu)
Our phylogenomic analyses also provide strong support for the inclusion of pycnogonids in a monophyletic Chelicerata, a paraphyletic Cycloneuralia, and a common origin of Arthropoda (tardigrades, onychophorans and arthropods), suggesting that previous phylogenies grouping tardigrades and nematodes may also have been subject to tree-reconstruction artefacts. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
Hi all we did several assemblies of arthropod ESTs a couple of years ago and posted them on the www at http://www.nematodes.org/NeglectedGenomes/ARTHROPODA/ There are only 65 or so taxa in those databases, but we are adding 200 more at present. (bio.net)

The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. (wikipedia.org)

The respiratory and excretory systems of arthropods vary, depending as much on their environment as on the subphylum to which they belong. (wikipedia.org)
Arachnids are a class ( Arachnida ) of joint-legged invertebrate animals ( arthropods ), in the subphylum Chelicerata . (wikipedia.org)

These proteins are putative plant defenses in tomato. (springer.com)
Here we show that open reading frame 104 of Culex nigripalpus nucleopolyhedrovirus (CuniNPV), the only deltabaculovirus member, encodes a putative F-homolog (Cuni-F). When expressed alone, this protein is located on the surface of cells and able to induce cell-cell fusion. (usda.gov)
Mandibulata is further supported by the phylogenetic analysis of a comprehensive morphological dataset covering living and fossil arthropods, and including recently proposed, putative apomorphies of Myriochelata. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects and putative mechanism of action of evasin-1, a novel CCL3-binding protein, in the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). (jimmunol.org)
A putative fibronectin type III domain-containing tick gut protein (Ixofin3D) was most frequently identified from this screen and prioritized for further analysis. (nih.gov)

Vector saliva can even exhibit its effect on the course of an infection when delivered separately from the infectious inoculum, as demonstrated by the injection of purified Plasmodium parasites followed by the bite of a non-infected mosquito and thus the delivery of salivary proteins in "trans" ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
In addition to these indirect effects, certain salivary proteins, such as Salp15 in ticks, can be used by the pathogen ( Borrelia burgdorferi in this case) to directly protect it from antibody-mediated killing when the pathogen coats itself with the vector-derived protein ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
Biomarkers of Vector Bites: Arthropod Immunogenic Salivary Proteins in Vector-Borne Diseases Control. (indigo.ca)

Arthropod Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
In addition, a sub-cuticular epidermis-derived protein forms a TGase-stabilized mesh at sites of injury. (biomedsearch.com)

For this, we develop methods and explore interactions between plants, herbivores and beneficial arthropods in the laboratory, in the greenhouse, and outdoors on the Protected Site. (admin.ch)

In Drosophila embryos, the antibody reveals engrailed protein in the posterior portion of each segment during segmentation, and in a segmentally reiterated subset of neuronal cells during neurogenesis. (nih.gov)
In 2005, a recombinant form of the resilin protein of the fly Drosophila melanogaster was synthesized by expressing a part of the fly gene in the bacterium Escherichia coli. (wikipedia.org)

The 287,405 protein sequences from the 18 proteomes were automatically clustered into 20,933 families, including 799 singletons. (biomedcentral.com)
We right here report a big dataset of transcribed and translated proteins sequences in the midgut and midgut glands which we from a scorpion. (antibodyassay.com)
1992. Evidence from 12S ribosomal RNA sequences that onychophorans are modified arthropods. (tolweb.org)
2010) Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein‐coding sequences. (els.net)
Within virions, the genomic RNAs of hantaviruses are thought to complex with the N protein to form helical nucleocapsids, which circularize due to sequence complementarity between the 5′ and 3′ terminal sequences of each genomic segment. (cdc.gov)

The uniqueness of this book lies in its portrayal of all arthropod pests, with and without human impact, and in its emphasis on arthropods as the cause of disease. (cdc.gov)
Written in a clear and readable style, the text presents complex, academic information on the biodiversity of arthropod pests that even a lay person can understand. (cdc.gov)
They produce insecticidal proteins that protect them against the main insect pests. (admin.ch)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus envelope (E) protein interacts with mitochondrial proteins and induces apoptosis. (sc.edu)

The molecular mechanisms behind this diversity are beginning to be unravelled and in several invertebrate taxa immune proteins exhibiting a broad range of diversity have been found. (biologists.org)
We will discuss some aspects of these complexities concerning variable invertebrate immune proteins and some recent progress made in the field in this Commentary. (biologists.org)
Arthropods include the only invertebrate group to evolve flight. (els.net)

Ecological Aspects of Nitrogen Acquisition covers how plants compete for nitrogen in complex ecological communities and the associations plants recruit with other organisms, ranging from soil microbes to arthropods. (nhbs.com)

Although further investigation is needed to determine how post-mortem physiology of diet items changes in the guts of consumers, the approaches developed in this study can be used to distinguish predation from scavenging by central-place foragers (particularly arthropods). (biologists.org)
Within this function, we looked into the molecular physiology of digestive function in the scorpion with a mix of transcriptomic, proteomic and enzymological techniques, mainly concentrating on proteins digestion. (antibodyassay.com)

Hence, multi-domain eukaryotic proteins expressed in bacteria often are non-functional. (wikipedia.org)
Review of treatment methods to remove Wolbachia bacteria from arthropods. (gc.ca)

Most prominent among these insecticidal proteins are the Bt crystal (Cry) δ-endotoxin proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis that form crystalline inclusions during sporulation [ 2 ]. (mdpi.com)

Substance obtained by acidic, alkaline, or enzymatic hydrolysis of mixed animals composed primarily of amino acids, peptides, and proteins. (europa.eu)
Many insect cuticular proteins include 35-36 amino acids forming a motif known as the R&R consensus. (nmu.edu)
My laboratory is examining how changing specific amino acids in the R&R consensus alters chitin-cuticular protein interactions, and is also trying to determine the optimal techniques for purifying the proteins and carrying out in vitro binding studies. (nmu.edu)

His research interests are centered on the physiological functions of different membrane proteins including beta-glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of chitin. (springer.com)
This motif is important for allowing proteins in the cuticle to bind chitin. (nmu.edu)
A conserved domain in arthropod cuticular proteins binds chitin. (nmu.edu)

The signal peptide guides pro-resilin into extracellular space, where resilin proteins aggregate and cross link to form a network, and then is cut off from the peptides, so that nascent resilin becomes mature resilin. (wikipedia.org)

Arthropods express several biologically active proteins in their saliva, which may allow a prolonged blood meal on the host. (nerc.ac.uk)
Both secretions contain an array of active proteins, and an overlap of some components has been anecdotally reported, but not quantified. (biomedcentral.com)

A taxonomic and morphologic comparison of Cambrian and Recent arthropods. (tolweb.org)
1994. Evidence for monophyly and arthropod affinity of cambrian giant predators. (tolweb.org)

The Chelicerata are a sub- phylum of the Arthropods . (wikipedia.org)

Thanks to their exoskeletons, arthropods became the world's first land animals some 300 million years ago. (scholastic.com)

To address these challenges, the graph theory was applied to characterize the tick vector and human cell protein response to infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. (csic.es)

Horseshoe crab hemocyte selectively responds to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which depends critically on the proteolytic activity of the LPS-responsive serine protease zymogen factor C. In response to stimulation by LPS, the hemocyte secretes several kinds of immunocompetent proteins. (biomedsearch.com)

The L protein produces nascent genomes by replication via a positive-sense RNA intermediate. (cdc.gov)

Can you name the Arthropod Morphology? (sporcle.com)
The morphology of Opabinia regalis and the reconstruction of the arthropod stem-group. (tolweb.org)

Expression of engrailed proteins in arthropods, annelids, and chordates. (nih.gov)
On the basis of these patterns, we suggest that engrailed is a gene whose ancestral function was in neurogenesis and whose function was co-opted during the evolution of segmentation in the arthropods, but not in the annelids and chordates. (nih.gov)

Hemolymph coagulation in arthropods plays key roles in host defense, including sealing wounds to staunch bleeding and immobilizing invading microorganisms. (elsevier.com)
Numerous reports have documented the potent and pleiotropic effects of the saliva of blood-feeding arthropods, which include anti-coagulation, vasodilation anti-inflammation [reviewed by ( 9 )], calling into question how minute amounts of proteins in the inoculum that is delivered during a blood meal could significantly alter the host's immune response against the vector-delivered pathogen. (frontiersin.org)

In the first experiment, each calf ( n = 3) was immunized twice with recombinant ferritin 2 from I. ricinus (IrFER2), TPE consisting of soluble proteins from the internal organs of partially fed I. ricinus females, or adjuvant, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
Like their exteriors, the internal organs of arthropods are generally built of repeated segments. (wikipedia.org)

Resilin was also found in the sound production organs of arthropods, such as the family Cicadae and family Pyralidae, where both high elasticity and high resilience of resilin play important roles due to the rapid stress-release cycles of tymbals. (wikipedia.org)

This includes the transcription of the recombinant DNA to messenger RNA ( mRNA ), the translation of mRNA into polypeptide chains, which are ultimately folded into functional proteins and may be targeted to specific subcellular or extracellular locations. (wikipedia.org)
The allosteric interplay between distant functional sites present in a single protein provides for one of the most important regulatory mechanisms in biological systems. (pnas.org)
This evidence suggests that Cuni-F is a functional fusion protein. (usda.gov)
The collective evidence suggests that CuniNPV encodes a functional F protein. (usda.gov)
It is known that up-regulation of the Hsps is a common cellular response to increased levels of non-native proteins that facilitates correct protein folding/refolding or degradation of non-functional proteins. (wiley.com)
Regulation of multi-functional viral protein functions by host-mediated post translational modifications. (utoledo.edu)
The present invention relates to the provision of leaf protein concentrate and food grade soluble functional proteins and possibly other high value products. (patents.com)

1997) Evidence for a clade of nematodes, arthropods and other moulting animals. (els.net)

Instead, animal cells are held together by structural proteins such as collagen. (encyclopedia.com)
The Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) encodes structural proteins, nucleoprotein (N), N-terminus glycoprotein (Gn), C-terminus glycoprotein (Gc) and L protein, 78-kDa and non-structural proteins NSm and NSs. (usda.gov)

ERK7 is a negative regulator of protein secretion in response to amino-acid starvation by modulating Sec16 membrane association. (nih.gov)
We utilized a yeast surface display library of tick gut proteins to perform a global screen for tick gut proteins that might interact with Borrelia membrane proteins. (nih.gov)
Once Wolbachia infect a host arthropod, it wraps itself in a layer of the arthropod's membrane. (newswise.com)

Diversity and natural selection in Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein gene. (ajtmh.org)
Arthropods: Developmental diversity within a (super) phylum. (tolweb.org)
Arthropods exhibit unparalleled diversity and abundance along with a correspondingly large ecological impact. (els.net)

The S RNA encodes the nucleocapsid (N) protein. (cdc.gov)
The L RNA encodes the L protein, which functions as the viral transcriptase/replicase. (cdc.gov)

In this study, the efficacy of immunization with recombinant ferritin 2 and native tick protein extracts (TPEs) against Ixodes ricinus infestations in calves was assessed in two immunization experiments. (frontiersin.org)
In this study a panel of recombinant proteins were developed that could be valuable for the development of diagnostic methods that differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). (usda.gov)
Western blot analysis using anti-His antibodies and monoclonal antibodies against Gne and N confirmed expression of the recombinant proteins and in vitro biochemical analysis showed that the two glycoproteins, Gne and Gc, were expressed in glycosylated form. (usda.gov)
Immunoreactivity profiles of the recombinant proteins in western blot and in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against a panel of antisera obtained from vaccinated or wild type (RVFV) challenged sheep confirmed the results obtained with anti-His antibodies and demonstrated the suitability of the baculo-expressed antigens for diagnostic assays. (usda.gov)
In addition, these recombinant proteins could be valuable for the development of diagnostic methods that differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). (usda.gov)

Conversely, biochemical interactions occur between x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the E2 conjugating enzyme Bendless. (nature.com)
Objective 1: Characterization of the effects and interactions of barley glycine-rich RNA--binding proteins and NAC transcription factors in the control of flowering, leaf senescence, and stress resistance. (usda.gov)
Identification of virus-specific antiviral or proviral molecules by characterizing virus and host protein interactions. (utoledo.edu)
Understanding how the virus protein can maintain different functions and protein interactions in distinct cellular regions may again lead to new therapeutic targets. (utoledo.edu)

2004. Phylogenetic relationships of basal hexapods among the mandibulate arthropods: a cladistics analysis based on comparative morphological characters. (tolweb.org)

The arthropods, or "joint-footed" animals, also fill every imaginable environment, from the deepest ocean trenches to the highest mountain peaks, from the frozen wasteland of Antarctica to the broiling Mojave Desert in the western United States. (scholastic.com)
Like all animals, arthropods need oxygen to survive. (scholastic.com)

section shows the unique identifier assigned by the NCBI to the source organism of the protein. (uniprot.org)

Protein production systems (in lab jargon also referred to as 'expression systems') are used in the life sciences , biotechnology , and medicine . (wikipedia.org)
The best expression system depends on the gene involved, for example the Saccharomyces cerevisiae is often preferred for proteins that require significant posttranslational modification . (wikipedia.org)
Nonetheless, bacterial expression has the advantage of easily producing large amounts of protein, which is required for X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance experiments for structure determination. (wikipedia.org)
A positive autoregulatory feedback loop for Sxl was known to maintain somatic cell female identity by producing SXL-F protein to continually instruct the target gene transformer ( tra ) to make its feminizing product, TRA-F. We discovered the reciprocal regulatory effect by studying genetically sensitized females: TRA-F from either maternal or zygotic tra expression stimulates Sxl -positive autoregulation. (genetics.org)

This methodological approach could be applied to other host-pathogen models to identify host derived key proteins in response to infection that may be used to develop novel control strategies for arthropod-borne pathogens. (csic.es)

We suspect it makes pores in the membranes of the arthropod cells that surround Wolbachia, thereby allowing the phage to overcome both the bacterial and arthropod membranes that surround it. (newswise.com)

Detection of histidine rich protein 2 and panmalarial ICT Malaria Pf/Pv test antigens after chloroquine treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria does not reliably predict treatment outcome in eastern Indonesia. (ajtmh.org)

O clado tamén foi sido chamado Tetraconata Dohle , 2001 , en referencia ao cadrado de omatidios que presentan moitos dos seus membros. (wikipedia.org)

As anticipated for one of the most prominent proteins in the flytrap's "green stomach" during prey digestion, transcription of VF chitinase-I is restricted to glands and enhanced by secretion-inducing stimuli. (nih.gov)

Cry proteins bind to receptors and insert into the membranes of insect midgut epithelial cells, forming pores and causing cellular lysis and fatal damage to the midgut epithelium [ 3 ]. (mdpi.com)

Envelope fusion proteins (F proteins) are major constituents of budded viruses (BVs) of alpha- and betabaculoviruses (Baculoviridae) and are essential for the systemic infection of insect larvae and insect cells in culture. (usda.gov)

The morphological data consists of ommatidial structures (see arthropod eye ), the presence of neuroblasts , and the form and style of axonogenesis by pioneer neurons . (wikipedia.org)

Arthropods use combinations of compound eyes and pigment-pit ocelli for vision. (wikipedia.org)
Many arthropods have compound eyes. (els.net)

"Advances in Crustacean Phylogenetics" Arquivado 22 de outubro de 2017 en Wayback Machine . (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy1

Organisms21

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs6

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care6

TCR-mediated activation of allergen-specific CD45RO(+) memory T lymphocytes results in down-regulation of cell-surface CXCR4 expression and a strongly reduced capacity to migrate in response to stromal cell-derived factor-1. (1/346)

Functional and structural diversities of C-reactive proteins present in horseshoe crab hemolymph plasma. (2/346)

A remarkable, precisely timed release of hyperglycemic hormone from endocrine cells in the gut is associated with ecdysis in the crab Carcinus maenas. (3/346)

Characterization of an alpha-macroglobulin-like glycoprotein isolated from the plasma of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata. (4/346)

Cloning and characterization of a novel nuclease from shrimp hepatopancreas, and prediction of its active site. (5/346)

Structure of tick anticoagulant peptide at 1.6 A resolution complexed with bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. (6/346)

The underlying mechanism for the diversity of disulfide folding pathways. (7/346)

Synthetic endotoxin-binding peptides block endotoxin-triggered TNF-alpha production by macrophages in vitro and in vivo and prevent endotoxin-mediated toxic shock. (8/346)

Arthropod Proteins

Arthropods

Arthropod Vectors

Spiders

Crustacea

Arachnida

Wolbachia

Phylogeny

Insects

Arthropod Venoms

Invertebrates

Entomology

Fossils

Insect Proteins

Scorpions

Annelida

Biological Evolution

Tribolium

Beetles

Isopoda

Amber

Ticks

Tetranychidae

Mites

Evolution, Molecular

Predatory Behavior

Siphonaptera

Molecular Sequence Data

Molting

Horseshoe Crabs

Acari

Caragana

Daphnia

Symbiosis

Heteroptera

Coprophagia

Injections, Epidural

Hemiptera

Encyclopedias as Topic

Cell Line

DNA

Genetic Vectors

Base Sequence

Plasmids

Tropical Medicine

Malaria, Falciparum

Malaria, Vivax

Malaria

Convalescence

Antigens, Protozoan

Plasmodium falciparum

TCR-mediated activation of allergen-specific CD45RO(+) memory T lymphocytes results in down-regulation of cell-surface CXCR4 expression and a strongly reduced capacity to migrate in response to stromal cell-derived factor-1. (1/346)

Functional and structural diversities of C-reactive proteins present in horseshoe crab hemolymph plasma. (2/346)

A remarkable, precisely timed release of hyperglycemic hormone from endocrine cells in the gut is associated with ecdysis in the crab Carcinus maenas. (3/346)

Characterization of an alpha-macroglobulin-like glycoprotein isolated from the plasma of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata. (4/346)

Cloning and characterization of a novel nuclease from shrimp hepatopancreas, and prediction of its active site. (5/346)

Structure of tick anticoagulant peptide at 1.6 A resolution complexed with bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. (6/346)

The underlying mechanism for the diversity of disulfide folding pathways. (7/346)

Synthetic endotoxin-binding peptides block endotoxin-triggered TNF-alpha production by macrophages in vitro and in vivo and prevent endotoxin-mediated toxic shock. (8/346)

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