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A mitosporic Oxygenales fungal genus causing various diseases of the skin and hair. The species Microsporum canis produces TINEA CAPITIS and tinea corporis, which usually are acquired from domestic cats and dogs. Teleomorphs includes Arthroderma (Nannizzia). (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th edition, p305)
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Phylogenetic classification and species identification of dermatophyte strains based on DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions. (1/162)
The mutual phylogenetic relationships of dermatophytes of the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton were demonstrated by using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region ribosomal DNA sequences. Trichophyton spp. and Microsporum spp. form a cluster in the phylogenetic tree with Epidermophyton floccosum as an outgroup, and within this cluster, all Trichophyton spp. except Trichophyton terrestre form a nested cluster (100% bootstrap support). Members of dermatophytes in the cluster of Trichophyton spp. were classified into three groups with ITS1 homologies, with each of them being a monophyletic cluster (100% bootstrap support). The Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii-Arthroderma simii group consists of A. vanbreuseghemii, A. simii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates from humans, T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum, Trichophyton tonsurans, and Trichophyton schoenleinii. Arthroderma benhamiae, T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei, and Trichophyton verrucosum are members of the Arthroderma benhamiae group. Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton violaceum form the T. rubrum group. This suggests that these "species" of dermatophytes have been overclassified. The ITS1 sequences of 11 clinical isolates were also determined to identify the species, and all strains were successfully identified by comparison of their base sequences with those in the ITS1 DNA sequence database. (+info)Species identification and strain differentiation of dermatophyte fungi by analysis of ribosomal-DNA intergenic spacer regions. (2/162)
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) identified in the ribosomal-DNA (rDNA) repeat were used for molecular strain differentiation of the dermatophyte fungus Trichophyton rubrum. The polymorphisms were detected by hybridization of EcoRI-digested T. rubrum genomic DNAs with a probe amplified from the small-subunit (18S) rDNA and adjacent internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. The rDNA RFLPs mapped to the nontranscribed spacer (NTS) region of the rDNA repeat and appeared similar to those caused by short repetitive sequences in the intergenic spacers of other fungi. Fourteen individual RFLP patterns (DNA types A to N) were recognized among 50 random clinical isolates of T. rubrum. A majority of strains (19 of 50 [38%]) were characterized by one RFLP pattern (DNA type A), and four types (DNA types A to D) accounted for 78% (39 of 50) of all strains. The remaining types (DNA types E to N) were represented by one or two isolates only. A rapid and simple method was also developed for molecular species identification of dermatophyte fungi. The contiguous ITS and 5.8S rDNA regions were amplified from 17 common dermatophyte species by using the universal primers ITS 1 and ITS 4. Digestion of the amplified ITS products with the restriction endonuclease MvaI produced unique and easily identifiable fragment patterns for a majority of species. However, some closely related taxon pairs, such as T. rubrum-T. soudanense and T. quinkeanum-T. schoenlenii could not be distinguished. We conclude that RFLP analysis of the NTS and ITS intergenic regions of the rDNA repeat is a valuable technique both for molecular strain differentiation of T. rubrum and for species identification of common dermatophyte fungi. (+info)rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 sequences of asexual, anthropophilic dermatophytes related to Trichophyton rubrum. (3/162)
The ribosomal region spanning the two internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the 5.8S ribosomal DNA region was sequenced for asexual, anthropophilic dermatophyte species with morphological similarity to Trichophyton rubrum, as well as for members of the three previously delineated, related major clades in the T. mentagrophytes complex. Representative isolates of T. raubitschekii, T. fischeri, and T. kanei were found to have ITS sequences identical to that of T. rubrum. The ITS sequences of T. soudanense and T. megninii differed from that of T. rubrum by only a small number of base pairs. Their continued status as species, however, appears to meet criteria outlined in the population genetics-based cohesion species concept of A. R. Templeton. The ITS sequence of T. tonsurans differed from that of the biologically distinct T. equinum by only 1 bp, while the ITS sequence of the recently described species T. krajdenii had a sequence identical to that of T. mentagrophytes isolates related to the teleomorph Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii. (+info)Dermatophytosis: association between ABO blood groups and reactivity to the trichophytin. (4/162)
The authors investigated the relationship between dermatophytosis and ABO blood groups through blood typing, identification of isolated dermatophytes and specific cellular immune response of 40 individuals carriers of this mycosis. They verified that the fungus Trichophyton rubrum, isolated from 54.5% of the patients, was more frequent in individuals belonging to blood group A. The cellular immune response, evaluated through the trichophytin antigen, was positive in 25% of the studied patients; the presence of immediate reactions (30 minutes) was verified in 35%. The blood group distribution among patients with dermatophytosis and control groups was, respectively: 47.5% X 36% in group A, 40% X 50% in group O, 12. 5% X 11% in group B. Even though the authors have found a higher number of patients belonging to blood group A infected by T. rubrum, these results suggest that there is no statistical evidence that these individuals are more susceptible to dermatophytosis. (+info)Antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes: establishing a medium for inducing conidial growth and evaluation of susceptibility of clinical isolates. (5/162)
A standardized reference method for dermatophyte in vitro susceptibility testing is lacking. In a previous study, Norris et al. (H. A. Norris, B. E. Elewski, and M. A. Ghannoum, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 40(6, part 2):S9-S13) established the optimal medium and other growth variables. However, the earlier study did not address two issues: (i) selection of an optimal medium for conidial formation by dermatophytes and (ii) validation of the method with a large number of dermatophytes. The present study addresses these two points. To select which agar medium best supported conidial growth, representative isolates of dermatophytes were grown on different agars. Preliminary experiments showed that only oatmeal cereal agar supported the production of conidia by Trichophyton rubrum. We tested the abilities of 251 T. rubrum isolates to form conidia using three different cereal agars and potato dextrose agar. Overall, oatmeal cereal and rice agar media were comparable in their abilities to support T. rubrum conidial growth. Next, we used the oatmeal cereal agar for conidial formation along with the optimal conditions for dermatophyte susceptibility testing proposed by Norris et al. and determined the antifungal susceptibilities of 217 dermatophytes to fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, and terbinafine. Relative to the other agents tested, terbinafine possessed the highest antifungal activity against all of the dermatophytes. The mean +/- standard error of the mean MICs of fluconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin were 2.07 +/- 0.29, 0.13 +/- 0.01, 0.002 +/- 0.0003, and 0.71 +/- 0.05 microgram/ml, respectively. This study is the first step in the identification of optimal conditions that could be used for the standardization of the antifungal susceptibility testing method for dermatophytes. Inter- and intralaboratory agreement as well as clinical correlations need to be established. (+info)Isolation of dermatophytes, Candida species and systemic fungi from dermatologic specimens in Montreal, 1963 to 1973. (6/162)
Of 10 057 specimens of scrapings from skin, nails and scalp examined for dermatophytes, yeasts, pityriasis versicolor and systemic mycoses between 1963 and 1973, 30.4 percent were positive for fungi. Skin produced the highest proportion (68.6 percent) of positive scrapings, scalp the lowest (4.2 percent). Trichophyton rubrum was the predominant species (23.6 percent); of lesser prevalence were Microsporum canis (9.3 percent), T. mentagrophytes (8.4 percent) and Epidermophyton floccosum (4.8 percent). Double infections were encountered on 102 occasions; T. rubrum and Candida parapsilosis were the most frequent cohabiting species. The introduction in 1966 of periodic acid-Schiff staining for routine examination of scrapings resulted in better diagnostic results, particularly in the case of culturally nonproductive specimens and cases of pityriasis versicolor. Blastomyces dermatitidis and Cryptococcus neoformans were isolated from two patients in the course of routine investigation for dermatophytes. (+info)Lymphocyte transformation in syphilis: an in vitro correlate of immune suppression in vivo? (7/162)
Suppression of cellular immunity during primary and secondary infection may explain, in part, the unusual clinical evolution of syphilis. We have previously shown that lymphocytes from normal subjects undergo blastic transformation when exposed in vitro to Treponema refringens. This response was suppressed in patients with syphilis. the suppression being unrelated to serum factors. In the present paper we studied lymphocyte response in vitro to T. refringens, T. reiter, and T. pallidum as well as to monilia and trychophytins. The response to these antigens was suppressed in patients with syphilis although the response to phytohemagglutinin. pokeweed mitogen, and streptolysin was normal. These data support the hypothesis that human infection with T. pallidum is followed by a complex interaction between cellular and humoral immunity, the former being suppressed in primary and secondary stages. (+info)Detection of fungi in clinical specimens by phase-contrast microscopy. (8/162)
During 1973 and 1974, the following fungi were detected in clinical specimens by using phase-contrast microscopy: Blastomyces dermatitidis, 5; Coccidioides immitis, 3; Cryptococcus neoformans, 11; other yeasts 918; dermatophytes, 863; Mucor species, 1; and Aspergillus fumigatus, 16. This technique allows rapid detection and, in many instances, immediate identification of fungi in clinical specimens. (+info)
Arthroderma benhamiae Ajello et Cheng ATCC ® 16781™
Molecular identification and strain typing of dermatophyte fungi.
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Early Release - Etymologia: Dermatophyte - Volume 26, Number 9-September 2020 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
The first succinylome profile of Trichophyton rubrum reveals lysine succinylation on proteins involved in various key cellular...
Photodynamic Inactivation of the Dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum¶
ORBi: Browsing ORBi
Clinical and Laboratory Features of Six Cases of Candida and Dermatophyte Folliculitis and a Review of Published Studies |...
A Comparison Of Cfw Stain, Koh And Culture For The Laboratory Diagnosis Of Superficial Mycoses | International Journal of...
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Trichophyton rubrum - Wikipedia
A Foot in the Door for Dermatophyte Research | proLékaře.cz
The prevalence of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Cheyletiella spp. in guinea pigs in Dutch petshops
Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from patients with dermatophytosis restrict the growth of Trichophyton rubrum and induce CD4-T...
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Characterization of the cellular immunity in patients presenting extensive dermatophytoses due to Trichophyton rubrum -...
FFTMV - Specimen: Trichophyton Mentagrophytes (var interdigitale) IgE
In vitro susceptibility testing of dermatophytes with their fragmented mycelia as inoculum
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Efficacy of NVC-422 in the treatment of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes using a guinea pig model -...
The novel azole R126638 is a selective inhibitor of ergosterol synthesis in <i>Candida albicans, Trichophyton</i> spp. and <i...
JoF | Free Full-Text | The Immunologic Response to Trichophyton Rubrum in Lower Extremity Fungal Infections
Human cases of cattle ringworm due to Trichophyton verrucosum in Victoria, Australia. - Semantic Scholar
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Phylogeny and taxonomy of three new Ctenomyces ( Arthrodermataceae , Onygenales ) species from China - ScienceOpen
Arthrodermataceae,/span, ,/span,, ,span xmlns:fn=http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions class=taxon-name, ,span class= ... Phylogeny and taxonomy of three new Ctenomyces ( Arthrodermataceae , Onygenales ) species from China. Author(s): Zhi-Yuan Zhang ... Twelve Ctenomyces ( Arthrodermataceae , Onygenales ) strains were obtained and identified during a survey of keratinophilic ...
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Trichophyton interdigitale - Wikipedia
Trichophyton interdigitale is a clonal line within sexual species T. mentagrophytes.[1] It causes onychomycosis and tinea pedis in humans, and has never been isolated from animals. Trichophyton interdigitale isolates cannot be reliably discriminated from T. mentagrophytes by cultural techniques or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and therefore ITS region DNA sequencing is recommended.[2] ...
Trichophyton rubrum - Wikipedia
As a preliminary test indicating infection, plucked hairs and skin and nail scrapings can be directly viewed under a microscope for detection of fungal elements. T. rubrum cannot be distinguished from other dermatophytes in this direct examination. It can be distinguished in vitro from other dermatophytes by means of characteristic micromorphology in culture, usually consisting of small, tear-drop-shaped microconidia, as well as its usual blood-red colony reverse pigmentation on most growth media. In addition, the Bromocresol purple (BCP) milk solid glucose agar test can be used to distinguish it. Different Trichophyton species release different amounts of ammonium ion, altering the pH of this medium. In this test, medium supporting T. rubrum remains sky blue, indicating neutral pH, until 7 to 10 days after inoculation.[6][9] In primary outgrowth on Sabouraud dextrose agar with cycloheximide and antibacterials, contaminating organisms may cause confusion, as T. rubrum colonies deprived of ...
Contact-sensing by hyphae of dermatophytic and saprophytic fungi
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Untersuchungen zur Taxonomie und Phylogeneie der Familie Arthrodermatadeae (Dermophyten) und Entwicklung einer spezifischen...
Arthrodermataceae. In both phylogenetic pedigrees the species of the family Arthrodermataceae formed a monophyletic group with ... Within the family Arthrodermataceae the genus Trichophyton is polyphyletic and the genus Microsporum paraphyletic. The genus ... Zur Analyse der Taxonomie und Phylogenie wurde die Gesamt-ITS-Region von 72 Arthrodermataceae-Isolaten mittels PCR amplifiziert ... The whole ITS region of 72 Arthrodermataceae isolates was amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic relationships among these ...
dmaW - Tryptophan dimethylallyltransferase - Arthroderma benhamiae (strain ATCC MYA-4681 / CBS 112371) - dmaW gene & protein
... the metabolites downstream of chanoclavine-I aldehyde in Arthrodermataceae have not been identified yet (PubMed:22403186). ... However, the metabolites downstream of chanoclavine-I aldehyde in Arthrodermataceae have not been identified yet (PubMed: ... presence of a conserved gene cluster for the biosynthesis of ergot alkaloid precursors in the fungal family Arthrodermataceae." ... presence of a conserved gene cluster for the biosynthesis of ergot alkaloid precursors in the fungal family Arthrodermataceae." ...
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Swainsonine Biosynthesis Genes in Diverse Symbiotic and Pathogenic Fungi | G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics
All Arthrodermataceae possessed swnH1, swnH2, swnK, swnN, and swnR, but in the Trichophyton species swnR was present in a ... No.14919 (Table S1 in File S1). As in the Arthrodermataceae, Metarhizium species, A. oxytropis and ICE, these species had ... with SWN clusters, as well as all but one of the Arthrodermataceae, produced swainsonine. These results suggest a new ... Furthermore, the ubiquity of SWN genes in the Arthrodermataceae raises the possibility that swainsonine has a role in the ...
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- The Arthrodermataceae are a family of fungi containing four dermatophytes-genera Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Nannizzia, and Trichophyton. (wikipedia.org)
- Within the family Arthrodermataceae the genus Trichophyton is polyphyletic and the genus Microsporum paraphyletic. (hu-berlin.de)
- One of the families of fungi capable of infecting skin (Dermatophytes) is Arthrodermataceae, A family that includes the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton . (blogspot.com)
Onygenales2
- Twelve Ctenomyces ( Arthrodermataceae , Onygenales ) strains were obtained and identified during a survey of keratinophilic fungi in soils from China. (scienceopen.com)
- The order Onygenales sensu Currah comprises the four families Onygenaceae, Myxotrichaceae, Arthrodermataceae, and Gymnoascaceae and contains nearly species. (aftermarketgoodies.com)
Fungi3
- SWN gene clusters were identified in six out of seven sequenced genomes of Metarhzium species, and in all 15 sequenced genomes of Arthrodermataceae, a family of fungi that cause athlete's foot and ringworm diseases in humans and other mammals. (g3journal.org)
- Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi belonging to the family Arthrodermataceae. (readbyqxmd.com)
- Detailed analysis showed wheel of fortune casino game odds that these fungi belong to the families aspergillaceae, slots of vegas free spins no deposit clavicipitaceae, arthrodermataceae, helotiaceae and thermoascaceae. (calissascounseling.com)
Dermatophytes2
- Phylogenetic relationships among these dermatophytes were reconstructed using parsimony and neighbour joining methods which lead both to a highly similar topology for the family Arthrodermataceae. (hu-berlin.de)
- Arthrodermataceae have a lot of gene clusters that many think are involved in host specificity and pathogenicity, especially when compared to other dermatophytes. (blogspot.com)
Species2
- In both phylogenetic pedigrees the species of the family Arthrodermataceae formed a monophyletic group with Arachiotus ruber and Chrysosporum keratinophilum as outgroups. (hu-berlin.de)
- It would take additional genome sequencing of closely related species in Arthrodermataceae, to determine the more likely of these two scenarios. (blogspot.com)
Epidermophyton1
- Ang Epidermophyton kay sakop sa pamilya nga Arthrodermataceae . (wikipedia.org)
Infection1
- Prevalencia de infecci n por dermatofitos y candida en regi n Podal Sana, Lima, Per / Prevalence of infection of dermatofitos and candida in region Podal Sana. (bireme.br)
Clusters1
- with SWN clusters, as well as all but one of the Arthrodermataceae, produced swainsonine. (g3journal.org)
Search1
- WHO HQ Library catalog › Results of search for 'su:{Arthrodermataceae. (who.int)