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Arthritis, Rheumatoid: A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.Arthritis Arthritis, Experimental: ARTHRITIS that is induced in experimental animals. Immunological methods and infectious agents can be used to develop experimental arthritis models. These methods include injections of stimulators of the immune response, such as an adjuvant (ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC) or COLLAGEN.Arthritis, Infectious: Arthritis caused by BACTERIA; RICKETTSIA; MYCOPLASMA; VIRUSES; FUNGI; or PARASITES.Arthritis, Juvenile: Arthritis of children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.Arthritis, Psoriatic: A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.Arthritis, Reactive: An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. The initiating trigger pathogens are usually SHIGELLA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; or CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Reactive arthritis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 ANTIGEN.Synovial Membrane: The inner membrane of a joint capsule surrounding a freely movable joint. It is loosely attached to the external fibrous capsule and secretes SYNOVIAL FLUID.Joints: Also known as articulations, these are points of connection between the ends of certain separate bones, or where the borders of other bones are juxtaposed.Synovial Fluid: The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE. It contains mucin, albumin, fat, and mineral salts and serves to lubricate joints.Arthritis, Gouty: Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular.Rheumatoid Factor: Antibodies found in adult RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS patients that are directed against GAMMA-CHAIN IMMUNOGLOBULINS.Mice, Inbred DBA Synovitis: Inflammation of a synovial membrane. It is usually painful, particularly on motion, and is characterized by a fluctuating swelling due to effusion within a synovial sac. (Dorland, 27th ed)Osteoarthritis: A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.Collagen Type II: A fibrillar collagen found predominantly in CARTILAGE and vitreous humor. It consists of three identical alpha1(II) chains.Methotrexate: An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Rats, Inbred Lew Autoantibodies: Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.Blood Sedimentation: Measurement of rate of settling of erythrocytes in anticoagulated blood.Injections, Intra-Articular: Methods of delivering drugs into a joint space.Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha: Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.Rheumatic Diseases: Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.Immunoglobulin G: The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.Arthrography: Roentgenography of a joint, usually after injection of either positive or negative contrast medium.Rheumatology: A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of inflammatory or degenerative processes and metabolic derangement of connective tissue structures which pertain to a variety of musculoskeletal disorders, such as arthritis.Knee Joint: A synovial hinge connection formed between the bones of the FEMUR; TIBIA; and PATELLA.Metacarpophalangeal Joint: The articulation between a metacarpal bone and a phalanx.Spondylitis, Ankylosing: A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907)Peptides, Cyclic: Peptides whose amino and carboxy ends are linked together with a peptide bond forming a circular chain. Some of them are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. Some of them are biosynthesized non-ribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NON-RIBOSOMAL).Autoimmune Diseases: Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Gold Sodium Thiomalate: A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or in the treatment of other forms of arthritis.Wrist Joint: The joint that is formed by the distal end of the RADIUS, the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint, and the proximal row of CARPAL BONES; (SCAPHOID BONE; LUNATE BONE; triquetral bone).Rheumatoid Nodule: Subcutaneous nodules seen in 20-30% of rheumatoid arthritis patients. They may arise anywhere on the body, but are most frequently found over the bony prominences. The nodules are characterized histologically by dense areas of fibrinoid necrosis with basophilic streaks and granules, surrounded by a palisade of cells, mainly fibroblasts and histiocytes.Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).HLA-DRB1 Chains: A subtype of HLA-DRB beta chains that includes over one hundred allele variants. The HLA-DRB1 subtype is associated with several of the HLA-DR SEROLOGICAL SUBTYPES.Finger Joint: The articulation between the head of one phalanx and the base of the one distal to it, in each finger.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Tarsal Joints: The articulations between the various TARSAL BONES. This does not include the ANKLE JOINT which consists of the articulations between the TIBIA; FIBULA; and TALUS.Lyme Disease: An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor: Cell surface receptors that bind TUMOR NECROSIS FACTORS and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells.HLA-DR4 Antigen: An HLA-DR antigen which is associated with HLA-DRB1 CHAINS encoded by DRB1*04 alleles.Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.Joint Diseases HLA-DR Antigens: A subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains. The inheritance of HLA-DR antigens differs from that of the HLA-DQ ANTIGENS and HLA-DP ANTIGENS.Citrulline Cytokines: Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.Spondylarthropathies: Heterogeneous group of arthritic diseases sharing clinical and radiologic features. They are associated with the HLA-B27 ANTIGEN and some with a triggering infection. Most involve the axial joints in the SPINE, particularly the SACROILIAC JOINT, but can also involve asymmetric peripheral joints. Subsets include ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; and others.Foot Joints: The articulations extending from the ANKLE distally to the TOES. These include the ANKLE JOINT; TARSAL JOINTS; METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT; and TOE JOINT.Psoriasis: A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.Cartilage, Articular: A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact.Ankle Joint: The joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the TALUS.Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.T-Lymphocytes: Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.Interleukin-17: A proinflammatory cytokine produced primarily by T-LYMPHOCYTES or their precursors. Several subtypes of interleukin-17 have been identified, each of which is a product of a unique gene.Edema: Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.Freund's Adjuvant: An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil. The complete form is made up of killed, dried mycobacteria, usually M. tuberculosis, suspended in the oil phase. It is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity (IMMUNITY, CELLULAR) and potentiates the production of certain IMMUNOGLOBULINS in some animals. The incomplete form does not contain mycobacteria.Tarsus, Animal: The region in the hindlimb of a quadruped, corresponding to the human ANKLE.Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.Tenosynovitis: Inflammation of the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the hand, wrist, shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced.HLA-B27 Antigen: A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*27 allele family.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Organogold Compounds: Organic compounds that contain GOLD as an integral part of the molecule. Some are used as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS. The term chrysotherapy derives from an ancient Greek term for gold.Drug Therapy, Combination: Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.Hand Joints: The articulations extending from the WRIST distally to the FINGERS. These include the WRIST JOINT; CARPAL JOINTS; METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINT; and FINGER JOINT.Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase: An aldose-ketose isomerase that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. In prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms it plays an essential role in glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. In mammalian systems the enzyme is found in the cytoplasm and as a secreted protein. This secreted form of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase has been referred to as autocrine motility factor or neuroleukin, and acts as a cytokine which binds to the AUTOCRINE MOTILITY FACTOR RECEPTOR. Deficiency of the enzyme in humans is an autosomal recessive trait, which results in CONGENITAL NONSPHEROCYTIC HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA.Disability Evaluation: Determination of the degree of a physical, mental, or emotional handicap. The diagnosis is applied to legal qualification for benefits and income under disability insurance and to eligibility for Social Security and workmen's compensation benefits.Pain: An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic: A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Interleukin-6: A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES and is also a growth factor for HYBRIDOMAS and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and FIBROBLASTS.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Interleukin-1: A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.Genetic Predisposition to Disease: A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein: A ligand that binds to but fails to activate the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR. It plays an inhibitory role in the regulation of INFLAMMATION and FEVER. Several isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA.Cartilage: A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (U.S.): Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. It supports research into the causes, treatment, and prevention of arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases; the training of basic and clinical scientists to carry out this research; and the dissemination of information on research progress. It was established in 1986.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Mice, Inbred C57BL Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.Autoantigens: Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.Borrelia burgdorferi: A specific species of bacteria, part of the BORRELIA BURGDORFERI GROUP, whose common name is Lyme disease spirochete.Immunoglobulin M: A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.Hindlimb: Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)Yersinia Infections: Infections with bacteria of the genus YERSINIA.Arthralgia: Pain in the joint.Spondylarthritis: Inflammation of the joints of the SPINE, the intervertebral articulations.Autoimmunity: Process whereby the immune system reacts against the body's own tissues. Autoimmunity may produce or be caused by AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.Pain Measurement: Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.Toe Joint: The articulation between the head of one phalanx and the base of the one distal to it, in each toe.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.Osteoclasts: A large multinuclear cell associated with the BONE RESORPTION. An odontoclast, also called cementoclast, is cytomorphologically the same as an osteoclast and is involved in CEMENTUM resorption.Glucocorticoids: A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.Antibodies, Antinuclear: Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease.Antigen-Antibody Complex: The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.C-Reactive Protein: A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.Hand Deformities, Acquired: Deformities of the hand, or a part of the hand, acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized: Antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to make them nearly identical with human antibodies. If the constant region and part of the variable region are replaced, they are called humanized. If only the constant region is modified they are called chimeric. INN names for humanized antibodies end in -zumab.Lymphocyte Activation: Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).Immunosuppressive Agents: Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Bone Resorption: Bone loss due to osteoclastic activity.Matrix Metalloproteinase 3: An extracellular endopeptidase of vertebrate tissues similar to MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 1. It digests PROTEOGLYCAN; FIBRONECTIN; COLLAGEN types III, IV, V, and IX, and activates procollagenase. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)Interleukin-1beta: An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Felty Syndrome: A rare complication of rheumatoid arthritis with autoimmune NEUTROPENIA; and SPLENOMEGALY.Foot: The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Hand: The distal part of the arm beyond the wrist in humans and primates, that includes the palm, fingers, and thumb.B-Lymphocytes: Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.Sternoclavicular Joint: A double gliding joint formed by the CLAVICLE, superior and lateral parts of the manubrium sterni at the clavicular notch, and the cartilage of the first rib.Inflammation Mediators: The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC).Metatarsophalangeal Joint: The articulation between a metatarsal bone (METATARSAL BONES) and a phalanx.Auranofin: An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious.Sjogren's Syndrome: Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.Macrophages: The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)Bone and Bones: A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22: A subtype of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases that is characterized by the presence of an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal PROLINE-rich domain. The phosphatase subtype is predominantly expressed in LYMPHOCYTES and plays a key role in the inhibition of downstream T-LYMPHOCYTE activation. Polymorphisms in the gene that encodes this phosphatase subtype are associated with a variety of AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.Gout: Hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of uric acid calculi.Interferon-gamma: The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.Spondylitis: Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions.Osteitis: Inflammation of the bone.Mice, Inbred BALB C Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine: A species of LENTIVIRUS, subgenus ovine-caprine lentiviruses (LENTIVIRUSES, OVINE-CAPRINE), closely related to VISNA-MAEDI VIRUS and causing acute encephalomyelitis; chronic arthritis; PNEUMONIA; MASTITIS; and GLOMERULONEPHRITIS in goats. It is transmitted mainly in the colostrum and milk.Biological Therapy: Treatment of diseases with biological materials or biological response modifiers, such as the use of GENES; CELLS; TISSUES; organs; SERUM; VACCINES; and humoral agents.Biological Products: Complex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or matter derived from organisms usually obtained by biological methods or assay.Statistics, Nonparametric: A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)RANK Ligand: A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B and OSTEOPROTEGERIN. It plays an important role in regulating OSTEOCLAST differentiation and activation.Health Status: The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.Epitopes: Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.Mice, Transgenic: Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Neutrophils: Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.Flow Cytometry: Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Early Diagnosis: Methods to determine in patients the nature of a disease or disorder at its early stage of progression. Generally, early diagnosis improves PROGNOSIS and TREATMENT OUTCOME.Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Th17 Cells: Subset of helper-effector T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete IL-17, IL-17F, and IL-22. These cytokines are involved in host defenses and tissue inflammation in autoimmune diseases.Activities of Daily Living: The performance of the basic activities of self care, such as dressing, ambulation, or eating.Aurothioglucose: A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals.Bone Diseases: Diseases of BONES.Disease Susceptibility: A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases.Borrelia burgdorferi Group: Gram-negative helical bacteria, in the genus BORRELIA, that are the etiologic agents of LYME DISEASE. The group comprises many specific species including Borrelia afzelii, Borellia garinii, and BORRELIA BURGDORFERI proper. These spirochetes are generally transmitted by several species of ixodid ticks.Sialoglycoproteins: Glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.Proteoglycans: Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.Spleen: An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.Arthrodesis: The surgical fixation of a joint by a procedure designed to accomplish fusion of the joint surfaces by promoting the proliferation of bone cells. (Dorland, 28th ed)Range of Motion, Articular: The distance and direction to which a bone joint can be extended. Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles, and connective tissues involved. Joint flexibility can be improved through appropriate MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES.Arthroplasty, Replacement: Partial or total replacement of a joint.CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes: A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.Immunologic Factors: Biologically active substances whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system.Immunoconjugates: Combinations of diagnostic or therapeutic substances linked with specific immune substances such as IMMUNOGLOBULINS; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; or ANTIGENS. Often the diagnostic or therapeutic substance is a radionuclide. These conjugates are useful tools for specific targeting of DRUGS and RADIOISOTOPES in the CHEMOTHERAPY and RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY of certain cancers.Joint Prosthesis: Prostheses used to partially or totally replace a human or animal joint. (from UMDNS, 1999)Monocytes: Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.Alleles: Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.Stifle: In horses, cattle, and other quadrupeds, the joint between the femur and the tibia, corresponding to the human knee.Arthroplasty: Surgical reconstruction of a joint to relieve pain or restore motion.Osteoarthritis, Knee: Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular: Tuberculosis of the bones or joints.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Foot Deformities, Acquired: Distortion or disfigurement of the foot, or a part of the foot, acquired through disease or injury after birth.Antibody Formation: The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.Elbow Joint: A hinge joint connecting the FOREARM to the ARM.Interleukin-10: A cytokine produced by a variety of cell types, including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; DENDRITIC CELLS; and EPITHELIAL CELLS that exerts a variety of effects on immunoregulation and INFLAMMATION. Interleukin-10 combines with itself to form a homodimeric molecule that is the biologically active form of the protein.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Receptors, IgG: Specific molecular sites on the surface of various cells, including B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that combine with IMMUNOGLOBULIN Gs. Three subclasses exist: Fc gamma RI (the CD64 antigen, a low affinity receptor), Fc gamma RII (the CD32 antigen, a high affinity receptor), and Fc gamma RIII (the CD16 antigen, a low affinity receptor).Serum Albumin, Bovine: Serum albumin from cows, commonly used in in vitro biological studies. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Atlanto-Axial Joint: The joint involving the CERVICAL ATLAS and axis bones.Matrilin Proteins: PROTEOGLYCANS-associated proteins that are major components of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of various tissues including CARTILAGE; and INTERVERTEBRAL DISC structures. They bind COLLAGEN fibers and contain protein domains that enable oligomer formation and interaction with other extracellular matrix proteins such as CARTILAGE OLIGOMERIC MATRIX PROTEIN.Hip Joint: The joint that is formed by the articulation of the head of FEMUR and the ACETABULUM of the PELVIS.Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic: Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable region of other antibodies.Age of Onset: The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.HLA Antigens: Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Arthroscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy and surgery of the joint.Chondrocalcinosis: Presence of calcium salts, especially calcium pyrophosphate, in the cartilaginous structures of one or more joints. When accompanied by attacks of goutlike symptoms, it is called pseudogout. (Dorland, 27th ed)Matrix Metalloproteinases: A family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases that is involved in the degradation of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX components.Connective Tissue Diseases: A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.Leukocytes, Mononuclear: Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.Sacroiliac Joint: The immovable joint formed by the lateral surfaces of the SACRUM and ILIUM.Hand Bones: The CARPAL BONES; METACARPAL BONES; and FINGER PHALANGES. In each hand there are eight carpal bones, five metacarpal bones, and 14 phalanges.Terpenes: A class of compounds composed of repeating 5-carbon units of HEMITERPENES.Aggrecans: Large HYALURONAN-containing proteoglycans found in articular cartilage (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR). They form into aggregates that provide tissues with the capacity to resist high compressive and tensile forces.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Bursa, Synovial: A fluid-filled sac lined with SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE that provides a cushion between bones, tendons and/or muscles around a joint.

Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis by gene delivery of soluble p75 tumour necrosis factor receptor. (1/2364)

Collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice can be passively transferred to SCID mice with spleen B- and T-lymphocytes. In the present study, we show that infection ex vivo of splenocytes from arthritic DBA/1 mice with a retroviral vector, containing cDNA for the soluble form of human p75 receptor of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-R) before transfer, prevents the development of arthritis, bone erosion and joint inflammation in the SCID recipients. Assessment of IgG subclass levels and studies of synovial histology suggest that down-regulating the effector functions of T helper-type 1 (Th1) cells may, at least in part, explain the inhibition of arthritis in the SCID recipients. In contrast, the transfer of splenocytes infected with mouse TNF-alpha gene construct resulted in exacerbated arthritis and enhancement of IgG2a antibody levels. Intriguingly, infection of splenocytes from arthritic DBA/1 mice with a construct for mouse IL-10 had no modulating effect on the transfer of arthritis. The data suggest that manipulation of the immune system with cytokines, or cytokine inhibitors using gene transfer protocols can be an effective approach to ameliorate arthritis. (+info)

Modulation of acute and chronic inflammatory processes by cacospongionolide B, a novel inhibitor of human synovial phospholipase A2. (2/2364)

1. Cacospongionolide B is a novel marine metabolite isolated from the sponge Fasciospongia cavernosa. In in vitro studies, this compound inhibited phospholipase A2 (PLA2), showing selectivity for secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) versus cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2), and its potency on the human synovial enzyme (group II) was similar to that of manoalide. 2. This activity was confirmed in vivo in the 8 h zymosan-injected rat air pouch, on the secretory enzyme accumulating in the pouch exudate. Cacospongionolide B, that is bioavailable when is given orally, reduced the elevated levels of sPLA2 present in paw homogenates of rats with adjuvant arthritis. 3. This marine metabolite showed topical anti-inflammatory activity on the mouse ear oedema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) and decreased carrageenin paw oedema in mice after oral administration of 5, 10 or 20 mg kg(-1). 4. In the mouse air pouch injected with zymosan, cacospongionolide B administered into the pouch, induced a dose-dependent reduction in the levels of eicosanoids and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in the exudates 4 h after the stimulus. It also had a weak effect on cell migration. 5. The inflammatory response of adjuvant arthritis was reduced by cacospongionolide B, which did not significantly affect eicosanoid levels in serum, paw or stomach homogenates and did not induce toxic effects. 6 Cacospongionolide B is a new inhibitor of sPLA2 in vitro and in vivo, with anti-inflammatory properties in acute and chronic inflammation. This marine metabolite was active after oral administration and able to modify TNFalpha levels, and may offer an interesting approach in the search for new anti-inflammatory agents. (+info)

Localization of non-Mhc collagen-induced arthritis susceptibility loci in DBA/1j mice. (3/2364)

One approach to understanding common human diseases is to determine the genetic defects responsible for similar diseases in animal models and place those defective genes in their corresponding biochemical pathways. Our laboratory is working with an animal model for human rheumatoid arthritis called collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). We are particularly interested in determining the location of disease-predisposing loci. To that end, we performed experiments to localize susceptibility loci for CIA in an F2 cross between the highly susceptible mouse strain DBA/1j and the highly resistant mouse strain SWR/j. Specifically, a quantitative trait locus analysis was performed to localize regions of the mouse genome responsible for susceptibility/severity to CIA. One susceptibility locus, Cia1 in the major histocompatibility locus, had been identified previously. Two additional loci were detected in our analysis that contribute to CIA severity (Cia2, Cia3) on chromosomes 2 and 6. A third locus was detected that contributes to the age of onset of the disease. This locus (Cia4) was located on chromosome 2 and was linked to the same region as Cia2. Determining the identity of these loci may provide insights into the etiology of human rheumatoid arthritis. (+info)

Effects of petrosaspongiolide M, a novel phospholipase A2 inhibitor, on acute and chronic inflammation. (4/2364)

The marine product petrosaspongiolide M is a novel inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), showing selectivity for secretory PLA2 versus cytosolic PLA2, with a potency on the human synovial enzyme (group II) similar to that of manoalide. This compound was more potent than manoalide on bee venom PLA2 (group III) and had no effect on group I enzymes (Naja naja and porcine pancreatic PLA2). Inhibition of PLA2 was also observed in vivo in the zymosan-injected rat air pouch, on the secretory enzyme accumulated in the pouch exudate. Petrosaspongiolide M decreased carrageenan paw edema in mice after the oral administration of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg. This marine metabolite (0.01-1.0 micromol/pouch) induced a dose-dependent reduction in the levels of prostaglandin (PG)E2, leukotriene B4, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the mouse air pouch injected with zymosan 4 h after the stimulus. It also had a weaker effect on cell migration. The inflammatory response of adjuvant arthritis was reduced by petrosaspongiolide M, which also inhibited leukotriene B4 levels in serum and PGE2 levels in paw homogenates. In contrast with indomethacin, this marine compound did not reduce PGE2 levels in stomach homogenates. Petrosaspongiolide M is a new inhibitor of secretory PLA2 in vitro and in vivo, with anti-inflammatory properties in acute and chronic inflammation. (+info)

Efficacy of sustained blood levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in animal models of arthritis: comparison of efficacy in animal models with human clinical data. (5/2364)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in rat adjuvant arthritis and rat type II collagen-induced arthritis, and to compare the efficacy in rat models with that seen in human clinical trials of IL-1Ra. METHODS: Rats with developing adjuvant arthritis or established collagen-induced arthritis were treated with IL-1Ra by continuous infusion in order to determine and maintain efficacious blood levels of this IL-1 inhibitory protein in the rats for comparison with human clinical data. The effects of treatment in the rats were monitored by sequential caliper measurement of the ankle joints, determination of final paw weights, and histologic evaluation with particular emphasis on bone and cartilage lesions. The effects of IL-1Ra on joint swelling and radiographic bone damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a 6-month trial were compared with the findings in rats. RESULTS: Dramatic differences in the profile of IL-1Ra activity were seen between the 2 groups of rats. Modest antiinflammatory effects were observed in the adjuvant arthritis rats treated with IL-1Ra. However, marked inhibition of bone resorption occurred, even at doses with which antiinflammatory activity was not seen. In contrast, IL-1Ra treatment of rats with established collagen-induced arthritis resulted in nearly complete suppression of all aspects of the disease when adequate blood levels of IL-1Ra were maintained. Treatment of RA patients with IL-1Ra (150 mg daily) resulted in modest inhibition of joint swelling and inhibition of radiographic progression of bone lesions. CONCLUSION: IL-1 appears to be of major importance in mediating the bone resorption that occurs in rat adjuvant arthritis, but is less important in the pathogenesis of periarticular inflammation in this disease. In contrast, IL-1 is of major importance in mediating all aspects of disease progression in rat collagen-induced arthritis. Similar to the response in adjuvant arthritic rats, RA patients treated with IL-1Ra showed only modest antiinflammatory activity, but had evidence of inhibition of progression of bone resorption. However, a comparison of the plasma levels of IL-1Ra in humans and rats suggests that the optimal level of dosing for continuous saturation of IL-1 receptors may not have been achieved in humans, although this was achieved in the rat studies. (+info)

Somatostatin receptor subtype expression in cells of the rat immune system during adjuvant arthritis. (6/2364)

Somatostatin is a neuropeptide that is widely distributed throughout the body. It acts as a neurohormone and a neurotransmitter and may also have an immunomodulatory role. The genes for five subtypes of somatostatin receptors (sst) have been cloned, suggesting that the diverse effects of the peptide might be mediated by different receptors. We are interested in studying the role of sst ininflammation, using an animal model. Because of the up-regulation of sst expression in inflamed joints in human rheumatoid arthritis, we chose rat adjuvant arthritis as an experimental model. In order to determine which of the sst subtypes might be important in immune modulation, subtype expression in leukocytes isolated from different lymphoid tissues of the rat was studied. Also, the expression levels of the most abundantly expressed sst mRNAs in leukocytes from spleen and blood were compared in rats with adjuvantarthritis and controls, using a semi-quantitative approach. Furthermore, the effect of systemic administration of a long-acting somatostatin analogue, octreotide, which binds selectively to sst subtypes 2 and 5 (sst2 and sst5), on the incidence and the severity of rat adjuvant arthritis, was studied. The main sst expressed in cells of the rat immune system, both resting and activated, were found to be sst3 and sst4. This contrasts with the human and murine situations, in which sst2 appears to be the main subtype expressed in the immune system. No quantitative differences in sst subtype mRNA levels in leukocytes from spleen and blood were found between rats with adjuvant arthritis and controls. Finally, no effect of systemic administration of octreotide on either the incidence or severity of adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats was found. As octreotide binds selectively to sst2 and sst5, the absence of an immunomodulatory effect of this analogue in rat adjuvant arthritis corroborates our finding that these sst subtypes are not expressed in cells of the rat immune system. In conclusion, cells of the rat immune system appear to express a spectrum of sst (sst3 and sst4) different from that found in human granulomatous and autoimmune disease (mainly sst2). Therefore, the rat adjuvant arthritis model appears to be suitable only for studying the immunomodulatory effects of somatostatin analogues which have a high affinity for sst3 and sst4, but not for studying the immunomodulatory effects of octreotide, which has a high affinity only for sst2 and sst5. (+info)

Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by a polyphenolic fraction from green tea. (7/2364)

Identification of common dietary substances capable of affording protection or modulating the onset and severity of arthritis may have important human health implications. An antioxidant-rich polyphenolic fraction isolated from green tea (green tea polyphenols, GTPs) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties in experimental animals. In this study we determined the effect of oral consumption of GTP on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. In three independent experiments mice given GTP in water exhibited significantly reduced incidence of arthritis (33% to 50%) as compared with mice not given GTP in water (84% to 100%). The arthritis index also was significantly lower in GTP-fed animals. Western blot analysis showed a marked reduction in the expression of inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase 2, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in arthritic joints of GTP-fed mice. Histologic and immunohistochemical analysis of the arthritic joints in GTP-fed mice demonstrated only marginal joint infiltration by IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha-producing cells as opposed to massive cellular infiltration and fully developed pannus in arthritic joints of non-GTP-fed mice. The neutral endopeptidase activity was approximately 7-fold higher in arthritic joints of non-GTP-fed mice in comparison to nonarthritic joints of unimmunized mice whereas it was only 2-fold higher in the arthritic joints of GTP-fed mice. Additionally, total IgG and type II collagen-specific IgG levels were lower in serum and arthritic joints of GTP-fed mice. Taken together our studies suggest that a polyphenolic fraction from green tea that is rich in antioxidants may be useful in the prevention of onset and severity of arthritis. (+info)

Specific targeting of activated endothelium in rat adjuvant arthritis with a 99mTc-radiolabeled E-selectin-binding peptide. (8/2364)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential of an E-selectin-binding peptide (ESbp) to specifically bind activated endothelium in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) animal models. METHODS: ESbp (KYDGDITWDQLWDLMK; 2,027 daltons) was labeled with biotin and 99mTc. The affinity of ESbp derivatives for E-selectin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The binding of biotin-ESbp was compared with that of an anti-E-selectin antibody, by immunohistochemical analyses of human synovial sections and sections from the Mycoplasma pulmonis MRL-lpr/lpr mouse arthritis model. 99mTc-ESbp was sequentially imaged in vivo with a gamma camera in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model. RESULTS: E-selectin expression was detected in human RA synovium and mouse arthritic synovium using biotin-ESbp. Both biotin-ESbp and 99mTc-labeled ESbp had high affinity for E-selectin (dissociation constant 2-5 nM). In vivo imaging showed specific binding of 99mTc-ESbp to the rat ankle joint prior to clinical manifestations of inflammation. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that activated endothelium can be targeted with 99mTc-ESbp. The specificity of targeting can be used to evaluate up-regulation of E-selectin in RA models, and to follow changes in this up-regulation during treatment trials. (+info)

Bernard Fantus

The Effect of Salicylates on Experimental Arthritis in Rabbits. Chicago: American Medical Association, 1917. Fantus, Bernard. ... to strengthen New Jersey's competitive position for business and industry The effect of salicylates on experimental arthritis ... Tolu and sugar coating in the disguising of medicines Tungstates of alkaloids-An experimental pharmacologic study X‐Ray ... "Tungstates of alkaloids-An Experimental Pharmacologic Study." YMLC The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 3, no. 3 ( ...

Regulatory B cells

"Novel suppressive function of transitional 2 B cells in experimental arthritis". Journal of Immunology. 178 (12): 7868-78. PMID ... By contrast mouse Bregs in model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were mainly CD21 and CD23 positive. Breg were found in ... Then a role of Bregs was found in many mouse models of autoimmune diseases as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus ... Mauri, C; Gray, D; Mushtaq, N; Londei, M (Feb 17, 2003). "Prevention of arthritis by interleukin 10-producing B cells". The ...

Cathepsin K

... -dependent toll-like receptor 9 signaling revealed in experimental arthritis. Science, 319(5863), 624-627. Hussein, ...

Etanercept

"Dominant-negative inhibitors of soluble TNF attenuate experimental arthritis without suppressing innate immunity to infection ... It has U.S. F.D.A. approval to treat rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, plaque ... juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and, potentially, in a variety of other ... Moderate to Severe Polyarticular Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (May 1999) Psoriatic Arthritis (Jan 2002) Ankylosing Spondylitis ...

ERB-26

"Suppression of the inflammatory response in experimental arthritis is mediated via estrogen receptor alpha but not estrogen ... receptor beta". Arthritis Res. Ther. 12 (3): R101. doi:10.1186/ar3032. PMC 2911889 . PMID 20497523. ...

ERB-79

"Suppression of the inflammatory response in experimental arthritis is mediated via estrogen receptor alpha but not estrogen ... ERB-79 is active in preclinical models of arthritis. The chemical structure of ERB-79 does not appear to have been disclosed. ... receptor beta". Arthritis Res. Ther. 12 (3): R101. doi:10.1186/ar3032. PMC 2911889 . PMID 20497523. Attia DM, Ederveen AG (2012 ...

Binding immunoglobulin protein

... molecular chaperone BiP is an autoantigen for rheumatoid arthritis and prevents the induction of experimental arthritis". ... relevance to the treatment of inflammatory arthritis". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 50 (4): 1164-71. doi:10.1002/art.20134. PMID ... Arthritis and Rheumatism. 54 (3): 854-63. doi:10.1002/art.21654. PMID 16508967. Roe ND, Ren J (March 2013). "Oxidative ... Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 165 (3): 292-300. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04433.x. PMC 3170978 . PMID 21671907. ...

Tyrosine kinase 2

A role of Tyk2 in rheumatoid arthritis is directly observed in Tyk2-deficient mice that were resistant to experimental ... arthritis. Tyk2−/− mice displayed a lack of responsiveness to a small amount of IFN-α, but they respond normally to a high ...

Electroacupuncture

"CB1 and CB2 contribute to antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of electroacupuncture on experimental arthritis of the ... and CB2 receptors contribute to antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of electroacupuncture on experimental arthritis ... "Acupuncture and electroacupuncture for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4): CD003788. doi: ... The Cochrane Collaboration also reviewed acupuncture and electroacupuncture for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Because ...

Microfracture surgery

Arthroscopy 2(1):54-69 Key JA (1931) Experimental arthritis: The changes in joints produced by creating defects in the ...

Gingerol

"Comparative Effects of Two Gingerol-Containing Zingiber officinale Extracts on Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis". Journal of ... Gingerol seems to be effective in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. Gingerol and its analogues have a favourable ...

Eicosanoid receptor

... of capillary permeability in inflammation and allergic responses as well as partial suppression of experimental arthritis in ... activation is critical for the development of arthritis in different animal models. PGF2α: FP-(PGF2α) (PTGFR) - PTGFR; FP is ...

List of MeSH codes (C05)

... arthritis, experimental MeSH C05.550.114.099 --- arthritis, infectious MeSH C05.550.114.099.500 --- arthritis, reactive MeSH ... C05.550.114.145 --- arthritis, psoriatic MeSH C05.550.114.154 --- arthritis, rheumatoid MeSH C05.550.114.154.114 --- arthritis ... arthritis, psoriatic MeSH C05.116.900.845.800.150 --- arthritis, reactive MeSH C05.116.900.845.800.782 --- reiter disease MeSH ... arthritis, psoriatic MeSH C05.550.114.865.800.150 --- arthritis, reactive MeSH C05.550.114.865.800.782 --- reiter disease MeSH ...

Laboratory rat

Current research applications include transplantation research, induced arthritis and inflammation, experimental allergic ... Drachman RH, Root RK, Wood WB Jr (1966). "Studies on the effect of experimental nonketotic diabetic mellitus on antibacterial ... The reproductive function of rats was studied at Institute for Experimental Biology at University of California, Berkeley by ... Krinke, George J. (June 15, 2000). "History, Strains and Models". The Laboratory Rat (Handbook of Experimental Animals). ...

Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system

published their experimental findings that arthritis-induced mice infected with the parasitic worm Schistosoma mansoni had down ... describe their experimental findings that an allergic response against peanuts is inhibited in mice infected with an intestinal ... This led to resistance to arthritis. In 2007, Dr. Jorge Correale et al. studied the effects of parasitic infection on multiple ... 2008). "Schistosoma mansoni infection reduces severity of collagen-induced arthritis via down-regulation of pro-inflammatory ...

Enzyme potentiated desensitization

Despite encouraging results in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis the company was placed into liquidation in April ... EPD is considered experimental by some doctors and allergists. However, there is evidence for the efficacy of EPD in the ... EPD treatment of rheumatoid arthritis proof of concept results on Epidyme website use of EPD to treat autoimmune diseases. ...

Anakinra

... which is already used for rheumatoid arthritis in experimental studies of stroke: MRI scans revealed that the rats that were ... from rheumatoid arthritis to adult-onset Still's disease and systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis". Expert Opin ... also known as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) or Still's Disease. A 2005 article published in Arthritis & Rheumatism ... Among 5,300 rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with anakinra in clinical trials for a mean of 15 months (approximately 6,400 ...

Infliximab

These experimental mice develop arthritis as a result of their production of human TNF-α, and when administered after disease ... It was approved for treating ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis. Infliximab is also ... psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. It is used off-label outside its FDA approval for ... psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Only its use in rheumatoid arthritis requires the concomitant use of ...

HNRNPA2B1

... by RNA Interference-Mediated Silencing of Heterogeneous Nuclear RNP A2/B1 in Two Experimental Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis". ... HnRNPA2B1 is an autoantigen in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed ... Arthritis & Rheumatology. 67: 2536-2546. doi:10.1002/art.39223. PMID 26017221. Kentaro I, Shinji K, Shoko U, Akihito M, Nozomi ...

CCL8

2010). "Genetic variants of CC chemokine genes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid ... arthritis". Genes Immun. 11 (2): 142-54. doi:10.1038/gene.2009.82. PMID 19865101. Xie Z, Zhang J, Wu J, et al. (2008). " ...

Inflammatory reflex

Evidence from experimental disease models of arthritis, colitis, sepsis, hemorrhagic shock, and congestive heart failure ...

Mesobuthus eupeus

... eupeus has anti-inflammatory properties and is effective as an anti-arthritis treatment in an experimental rat model, but the ... venom in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats" (PDF). Archives of Razi Institute. 64 (1): 51-56. Ozkan, O.; Kat, I. (Oct 30, 2005 ...

Bath salts

"Dead Sea bath salts for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis". Clinical and experimental rheumatology. 8 (4): 353-357. PMID ... Researchers have also studied their use in treating arthritis. Bath fizzies are material products designed to effervesce in ...

Poseltinib

... (HM71224, LY3337641) is an experimental Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis ... Phase II clinical trials began in August 2016 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Additional phase II trials are planned for ...

Sandra Saouaf

... is an American immunologist who researches autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, ... Experimental and Molecular Pathology. 83 (3): 283-295. doi:10.1016/j.yexmp.2007.08.014. Saouaf, Sandra J; Brennan, Patrick J; ... Experimental and Molecular Pathology. 87 (2): 99-104. doi:10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.06.003. Friedman, Sally (8 July 2014). " ... "Deacetylase inhibition increases regulatory T cell function and decreases incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis ...

PSMD7

Several experimental and clinical studies have indicated that aberrations and deregulations of the UPS contribute to the ... Lastly, autoimmune disease patients with SLE, Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) predominantly exhibit ...

Patente US4925787 - Monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody, method for production thereof, and ... - Google Patentes

Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 158, pages 718-730 (1983)]; H35.1.1,0467.3 strain [Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol ... The G(Ag1)2 -cl 7B strain is obtained by transforming peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient of rheumatoid arthritis with ... T1 B20 ; Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 148, page 313 (1978)], and MPC-11 strain [ATCC No. CCL 167; Journal of ... Experimental Medicine, Vol. 131, page 515 (1970)]; myeloma cell strains originating in rats such as Y3-Ag 1.2.3. strain [ATCC ...

http://www.google.es/patents/US4925787

Experimental Arthritis Summary Report | CureHunter

Immunological methods and infectious agents can be used to develop experimental arthritis models. These methods include ... Experimental Arthritis: ARTHRITIS that is induced in experimental animals. ... Experimental Arthritis. Subscribe to New Research on Experimental Arthritis ARTHRITIS that is induced in experimental animals. ... Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Adjuvant; Collagen Arthritis; Arthritides, Collagen; Arthritis, Collagen; Collagen ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryD001169-Experimental-Arthritis.do

Experimental arthritis drug prevents stem cell transplant complication | EurekAlert! Science News

An investigational drug in clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis prevents a common, life-threatening side effect of stem ... experimental-arthritis-drug-prevents-stem-cell-transplant-complication/. More in Medicine & Health. * A Trojan Horse delivery ... Experimental arthritis drug prevents stem cell transplant complication Drug fights graft-versus-host-disease in mice ... Experimental arthritis drug prevents stem cell transplant complication. Washington University in St. Louis ...

https://eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-04/wuis-ead042418.php

Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation Centre (CREATE) - Research - Cardiff University

... to develop and test drugs to treat patients with Rheumatoid and Psoriatic arthritis. ... The Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation Centre works alongside volunteer patients from Cardiff and ... Protocol for a randomised controlled trial for Reducing Arthritis Fatigue by clinical Teams (RAFT) using cognitive-behavioural ... Functional analysis of a complement polymorphism (rs17611) associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Immunology 194 ...

http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/research/explore/research-units/cardiff-regional-experimental-arthritis-treatment-and-evaluation-centre

JCI - Peptide-siRNA nanocomplexes targeting NF-κB subunit p65 suppress nascent experimental arthritis

Peptide-siRNA nanocomplexes targeting NF-κB subunit p65 suppress nascent experimental arthritis. ... Peptide-siRNA nanocomplexes targeting NF-κB subunit p65 suppress nascent experimental arthritis. ... The NF-κB signaling pathway is implicated in various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA); therefore, ... The p5RHH-p65 siRNA nanocomplexes potently suppressed early inflammatory arthritis without affecting p65 expression in off- ...

https://jci.org/articles/view/75673/figure/1

JCI - Peptide-siRNA nanocomplexes targeting NF-κB subunit p65 suppress nascent experimental arthritis

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/75673/figure/1

Molecules | Free Full-Text | Ferulaldehyde Improves the Effect of Methotrexate in Experimental Arthritis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect FRA and MTX administered alone or in combination in adjuvant arthritis. The ... is still the gold standard for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The therapeutic efficacy of low-dose of MTX can be ... rheumatoid arthritis ferulaldehyde; methotrexate; adjuvant arthritis; combination treatment; rheumatoid arthritis ... Ferulaldehyde Improves the Effect of Methotrexate in Experimental Arthritis. Lukáš Slovák 1,* , Karol Švík 1. ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/11/1911

Therapeutic effect of cortistatin on experimental arthritis by downregulating inflammatory and Th1 responses

Arthritis induction and treatment. Animal experimental protocols were reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of the ... CST decreases the severity of collagen‐induced arthritis. CIA is a murine experimental disease model that shares a number of ... 9. Delgado M, Abad C, Martinez C, Receta J, Gomariz R P. Vasoactive intestinal peptide prevents experimental arthritis by ... Therapeutic effect of cortistatin on experimental arthritis by downregulating inflammatory and Th1 responses. Elena Gonzalez‐ ...

http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC1954632/

A1.69 C1Q is absolutely required for disease development in experimental arthritis | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

You need to be signed in to access email alerts. If you have an account log in with your user name and password. If you dont have an account you can just enter your email address in the email box below ...

http://ard.bmj.com/content/73/Suppl_1/A30.1.alerts

Dominant-Negative Inhibitors of Soluble TNF Attenuate Experimental Arthritis without Suppressing Innate Immunity to Infection |...

DN-TNF and decoy receptor reduce arthritis in the mouse collagen-induced arthritis model. Arthritis was induced using a 5 mg/kg ... Experimental arthritis was induced on day 0 by i.v. injection of four anti-collagen mAbs (MD Biosciences) at 25 mg/kg each ... Experimental arthritis was induced as in A and hind paw thickness (mean ± SEM) was monitored for 28 days. XENP1595 and ... CIA is another established experimental arthritis model and has been used to demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity of Ab and ...

http://www.jimmunol.org/content/179/3/1872.long

Suppression of Ongoing Experimental Arthritis by a Chinese Herbal Formula (Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling Dan) Involves Changes in Antigen...

Suppression of Ongoing Experimental Arthritis by a Chinese Herbal Formula (Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling Dan) Involves Changes in Antigen- ... F. H. Durie, R. A. Fava, and R. J. Noelle, "Collagen-induced arthritis as a model of rheumatoid arthritis," Clinical Immunology ... "Activation of T cells recognizing self 60-kD heat shock protein can protect against experimental arthritis," Journal of ... γ regulates susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis through suppression of interleukin-17," Arthritis and Rheumatism, vol ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/642027/ref/

Brief report: Autologous stem cell transplantation restores immune tolerance in experimental arthritis by renewal and...

Brief report: Autologous stem cell transplantation restores immune tolerance in experimental arthritis by renewal and ... ABMT resulted in amelioration and stabilization of arthritis scores. BM grafts containing T cells and T cell-depleted grafts ... induces long-term drug-free disease remission in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. This study was undertaken to ... further unravel the immunologic mechanisms underlying ASCT by using a mouse model of proteoglycan-induced arthritis (PGIA). For ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/24504807

Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy, 660 nm, in Experimental Septic Arthritis

... Bruna Formentão Araujo,1 Lígia Inez Silva,1 ... M. E. Shirtliff and J. T. Mader, "Acute septic arthritis," Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 527-544, 2002. ... Implications for joint destruction and repair," Arthritis and Rheumatism, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1170-1179, 1990. View at Google ... Kaya, M. Kaya, N. Gürsan, E. Kireççi, M. Güngörmüş, and H. Balta, "The use of 808 nm light therapy to treat experimental ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2013/341832/ref/

Anti-inflammatory effects of cell-based therapy with tyrosine hydroxylase-positive catecholaminergic cells in experimental...

Conclusions The anti-inflammatory effect of TH+ neuronal cells on experimental arthritis has been presented for the first time ... Objectives Studies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and mice with arthritis demonstrated tyrosine hydroxylase- ... inflammatory effects of cell-based therapy with tyrosine hydroxylase-positive catecholaminergic cells in experimental arthritis ... inflammatory effects of cell-based therapy with tyrosine hydroxylase-positive catecholaminergic cells in experimental arthritis ...

http://ard.bmj.com/content/74/2/444

Suppression of ongoing experimental arthritis by a Chinese herbal formula (Huo-luo-xiao-ling dan) involves changes in antigen...

Suppression of ongoing experimental arthritis by a Chinese herbal formula (Huo-luo-xiao-ling dan) involves changes in antigen- ... Suppression of ongoing experimental arthritis by a Chinese herbal formula (Huo-luo-xiao-ling dan) involves changes in antigen- ... Suppression of ongoing experimental arthritis by a Chinese herbal formula (Huo-luo-xiao-ling dan) involves changes in antigen- ... Suppression of ongoing experimental arthritis by a Chinese herbal formula (Huo-luo-xiao-ling dan) involves changes in antigen- ...

https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/4874817

Technetium-99m labelled liposomes to image experimental arthritis. - Semantic Scholar

METHODS Adjuvant arthritis was induced in the ankle joint of the left hind foot by injection of Mycobacterium butyricum in ... In addition to their use as vehicles for scintigraphic imaging of arthritis PEG-liposomes might also be used for the site ... CONCLUSION This study shows that 99mTc-labelled PEG-liposomes may be an excellent agent to visualise arthritis. Increased label ... labelled with technetium-99m were tested for their ability to image adjuvant arthritis in a rat model. ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Technetium-99m-labelled-liposomes-to-image-Boerman-Oyen/6511bd0c64ac43923383b4816e411ba07625080f

Estrogen regulates T helper 17 phenotype and localization in experimental autoimmune arthritis. | Sigma-Aldrich

Arthritis research & therapy 2015-4-19 Estrogen regulates T helper 17 phenotype and localization in experimental autoimmune ... This is the first study in which the effects of E2 on Th17 cells have been characterized in experimental autoimmune arthritis. ... The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of estrogen on Th17 cells in experimental arthritis. Ovariectomized DBA/1 ... Treatment with estradiol potently inhibits experimental autoimmune arthritis. Interleukin-17-producing T helper cells (Th17) ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/25888974

Genome-wide gene expression in experimental arthritis: defining new targets of chronic/destructive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) |...

Genome-wide gene expression in experimental arthritis: defining new targets of chronic/destructive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ... Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a complex multigenic disease with yet unknown ethiology, and consequently, suitable target for ... Seventy-seven common candidates, possibly involved in sub-chronic or destructive arthritis, were defined. Many of these are ... Possible candidate genes for (sub)chronic inflammation or destructive arthritis were defined by two-parameter and cluster ...

https://arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ar467

Gene therapy with an improved doxycycline-regulated plasmid encoding a tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor in experimental...

When pGTTMIK was delivered after the onset of arthritis, progression of the disease in terms of both paw thickness and clinical ... encoding dTNFR was delivered by the same route with and without administration of Dox to mice with collagen-induced arthritis. ... alpha with biological molecules has proven an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, achieving a 20% improvement in ... Inhibition of collagen-induced arthritis by pGTTMIK Development of arthritis in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was ...

https://arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ar2113

Autoimmunity to type II collagen an experimental model of arthritis. | JEM

Autoimmunity to type II collagen an experimental model of arthritis.. D E Trentham, A S Townes, A H Kang ... The disease is a chronic proliferative synovitis, resembling adjuvant arthritis in rats and rheumatoid arthritis in humans. ... Journal of Experimental Medicine Sep 1977, 146 (3) 857-868; DOI: 10.1084/jem.146.3.857 ... Native type II co-lagen modified by limited pepsin digestion still produces arthritis, suggesting that type-specific ...

http://jem.rupress.org/content/146/3/857.abstract

Therapeutic Effect of a Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor on Experimental Arthritis by Downregulating Inflammation and...

Polymerase-1 Inhibitor on Experimental Arthritis by Downregulating Inflammation and Th1 Response. Gonzalez_Arthritis.pdf (318.4 ... Here, we investigate the impact of a selective PARP-1 inhibitor in experimental arthritis. PARP-1 inhibition with 5- ... Therapeutic Effect of a Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor on Experimental Arthritis by Downregulating Inflammation and ... Our results provide evidence of the contribution of PARP-1 to the progression of arthritis and identify this protein as a ...

http://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/30951

Optical imaging of experimental arthritis using allogeneic leukocytes labeled with a near-infrared fluorescent probe<...

Optical imaging of experimental arthritis using allogeneic leukocytes labeled with a near-infrared fluorescent probe. European ... Optical imaging of experimental arthritis using allogeneic leukocytes labeled with a near-infrared fluorescent probe. / Simon, ... Optical imaging of experimental arthritis using allogeneic leukocytes labeled with a near-infrared fluorescent probe. ... title = "Optical imaging of experimental arthritis using allogeneic leukocytes labeled with a near-infrared fluorescent probe", ...

https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/optical-imaging-of-experimental-arthritis-using-allogeneic-leukoc

Experimental approach may reverse rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis - ScienceBlog.com

... because they effectively prevent bone loss and inflammation in most patients with rheumatoid arthritis. They have also been ... a powerful new way to limit bone destruction and inflammation-induced bone loss seen in osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis ...

https://scienceblog.com/25401/experimental-approach-may-reverse-rheumatoid-arthritis-and-osteoporosis/

Total glucosides of paeony prevents juxta-articular bone loss in experimental arthritis | BMC Complementary and Alternative...

TGP has been used in rheumatoid arthritis therapy for many years. However, the mechanism by which TGP prevents bone loss has ... TGP was orally administered for 3 months to New Zealand rabbits with antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). Digital x-ray knee images ... Total glucosides of paeony prevents juxta-articular bone loss in experimental arthritis. ... Arthritis Res Ther. 2011, 13: 215-10.1186/ar3280.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar. ...

https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-13-186

T cell activation Rho GTPase activating protein (TAGAP) is upregulated in clinical and experimental arthritis. - Nuffield...

... and there were differences in the expression level of TAGAP in the tissues of mice with experimental arthritis. Gene expression ... CD4+ T cells subsets from healthy humans and in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC ... association studies have identified various susceptibility variants and loci associated with incidence of rheumatoid arthritis ... T cell activation Rho GTPase activating protein (TAGAP) is upregulated in clinical and experimental arthritis. Share Share ...

https://www.ndorms.ox.ac.uk/publications/735205

Lymph node Th17 cells were also examined in ovariectomized estrogen receptor α-knockout mice (ERα-/-) and wild-type littermates, treated with E2 or placebo and subjected to antigen-induced arthritis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
TGP was orally administered for 3 months to New Zealand rabbits with antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). (biomedcentral.com)

We report here a traditional Chinese medicine-based herbal formula, Huo luo xiao ling dan (HLXL), which has potent antiarthritic activity as validated in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) model. (harvard.edu)
Suppression of adjuvant-induced arthritis by liposomally conjugated methotrexate in the rat. (semanticscholar.org)

Here, we investigate the impact of a selective PARP-1 inhibitor in experimental arthritis. (ugr.es)

The p5RHH-p65 siRNA nanocomplexes potently suppressed early inflammatory arthritis without affecting p65 expression in off-target organs or eliciting a humoral response after serial injections. (jci.org)
We have found that intradermal injection of native type II collagen extracted from human, chick or rat cartilage induces an inflammatory arthritis in approximately 40% of rats of several strains whether complete Freund's adjuvant or incomplete Freund's adjuvant is used. (rupress.org)
We used a pertinent inflammatory arthritis model, murine collagen-induced arthritis (mCIA), to define the timecourse of STAT3 expression within the inflamed joint and to test the potency of timely targeted therapy with an inhibitor of IL-6 trans-signalling (sgp130Fc). (cf.ac.uk)
Pharmacological inhibition of γ-secretase and antisensemediated knockdown of Notch attenuates the severity of inflammatory arthritis, including arthritis indices, paw thickness, tissue damage and neutrophil infiltration, and reduces the levels of active NF-KB, ICAM-1, proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase-3 activity in the mouse model of RA. (elsevier.com)

Cortistatin treatment significantly reduced the severity of established collagen‐induced arthritis, completely abrogating joint swelling and destruction of cartilage and bone. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
E2-treated mice with established CIA showed reduced severity of arthritis and fewer Th17 cells in joints compared with controls. (sigmaaldrich.com)
PARP-1 inhibition with 5-aminoisoquinolinone (AIQ) significantly reduces incidence and severity of established collagen-induced arthritis, completely abrogating joint swelling and destruction of cartilage and bone. (ugr.es)
Histopathological assessment of joint sections demonstrated that HYPER-IL-6 increased arthritis severity and controlled intrasynovial mononuclear leukocyte recruitment through the CC-chemokine CCL2. (cf.ac.uk)
Conclusion: Timely targeted inhibition of IL-6 trans-signalling with sgp130Fc potently reduces clinical disease severity in an experimental model of arthritis. (cf.ac.uk)
Severity of arthritis was monitored by clinical and histological scores, and in vivo non-invasive near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) images. (elsevier.com)

Technetium-99m labelled polyclonal human IgG scintigraphy before and 26 weeks after initiation of parenteral gold treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (semanticscholar.org)

Selective blockade of IL-6 trans-signalling could have therapeutic applicability in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. (cf.ac.uk)

TGP has been used in rheumatoid arthritis therapy for many years. (biomedcentral.com)

suppresses the induction and progression of autoimmune arthritis by modulating immune response to heat-shock protein 65," Arthritis Research and Therapy , vol. 9, no. 4, article R70, 2007. (hindawi.com)
On the other hand, adenoviral mediated gene transfer of IL-4 completely inhibits progression into the destructive phase in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). (biomedcentral.com)
When pGTTMIK was delivered after the onset of arthritis, progression of the disease in terms of both paw thickness and clinical score was inhibited when Dox was also administered. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results provide evidence of the contribution of PARP-1 to the progression of arthritis and identify this protein as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (ugr.es)
Studies in IL-6-deficient (IL-6-/-) mice highlight that IL-6 contributes to arthritis progression. (cf.ac.uk)

This work provides a powerful rationale for the assessment of the efficacy of cortistatin as a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
To investigate the therapeutic influence of ibuprofen and Boigor-10 on experimentally induced mice with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (scirp.org)
The therapeutic activity of low-dose irradiation on experimental arthritis depends on the induction of endogenous regulatory T cell activity. (ox.ac.uk)
Consequently, soluble IL-6R-mediated signaling represents a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (cf.ac.uk)

Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and selected musculoskeletal disorders in the United States," Arthritis and Rheumatism , vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 778-799, 1998. (hindawi.com)
Arthritis and Rheumatism 63 (s10) , S446-S447. (cf.ac.uk)

Treatment with estradiol potently inhibits experimental autoimmune arthritis. (sigmaaldrich.com)

DBA/1J mice with collagen‐induced arthritis were treated with cortistatin after the onset of disease, and the clinical score and joint histopathology were evaluated. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
The vector pGTTMIK encoding dTNFR was delivered by the same route with and without administration of Dox to mice with collagen-induced arthritis. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study sought to measure the expression of TAGAP in RA patients, CD4+ T cells subsets from healthy humans and in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. (ox.ac.uk)

TNF sequestration by monoclonal anti-TNF Abs (infliximab and adalimumab) and the IgG1 Fc-TNF receptor (TNFR) 2 fusion protein (etanercept) has been a successful treatment strategy for several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. (jimmunol.org)
Interleukin-17-producing T helper cells (Th17) are key players in several autoimmune diseases, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis are chronic inflammatory joint conditions that result in pain, disability, joint damage and reduced quality of life. (cardiff.ac.uk)
METHODS Adjuvant arthritis was induced in the ankle joint of the left hind foot by injection of Mycobacterium butyricum in Freund's incomplete adjuvant in the foot pad. (semanticscholar.org)
RANKL promotes osteoclast differentiation and plays an important role in the joint destruction seen in arthritis. (biomedcentral.com)
Background/Purpose: Cytohistomorphological analysis of the synovial joint provides researchers with an opportunity to unmask specific intra- and extra- cellular mechanisms that regulate the switch from acute to chronic pathology in arthritis. (cf.ac.uk)
Method: Joint tissues were collected (pre and post arthritis) over the timecourse of mCIA. (cf.ac.uk)

Objective: To test the hypothesis that Notch signalling plays a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to determine whether pharmacological inhibition of Notch signalling with γ-secretase inhibitors can ameliorate the RA disease process in an animal model. (elsevier.com)
abstract = "Objective: To test the hypothesis that Notch signalling plays a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to determine whether pharmacological inhibition of Notch signalling with γ-secretase inhibitors can ameliorate the RA disease process in an animal model.Methods Collagen-induced arthritis was induced in C57BL/6 or Notch antisense transgenic mice by immunisation with chicken type II collagen (CII). (elsevier.com)

In 1996 Janeway´s group observed an immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by B cells. (wikipedia.org)

Autoimmunity to type II collagen an experimental model of arthritis. (rupress.org)
Type I or III collagen extracted from skin, cartilage proteoglycans and alpha1(II) chains were incapable of eliciting arthritis, as was type II collagen injected without adjuvant. (rupress.org)
Since homologous type II collagen emulsified in oil without bacterial preparations regularly causes the disease, this new animal model of arthritis represents a unique example of experimentally-inducible autoimmunity to a tissue component. (rupress.org)
Methods Collagen-induced arthritis was induced in C57BL/6 or Notch antisense transgenic mice by immunisation with chicken type II collagen (CII). (elsevier.com)

Methotrexate (MTX) is still the gold standard for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (mdpi.com)
To propose a new strategy for the treatment of arthritis based on the administration of cortistatin, a newly discovered neuropeptide with anti‐inflammatory actions. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
The aim of this research is to address the possible treatment of rheumatoid arthritis disease by comparing and contrasting the effectiveness and influence that treatments have on treating the disease. (scirp.org)
We hypothesize that these treatments will improve the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis disease. (scirp.org)
sgp130Fc treatment was therefore initiated at arthritis onset. (cf.ac.uk)

Acute aseptic arthritis was induced in 8 healthy donkeys aged 3-4 years and weighing 80-100 kg. (eurekamag.com)

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, either antibodies to TNF-α (infliximab, adalimumab) or TNF receptors (TNFRs) fused to an immunoglobulin G-Fc backbone (etanercept), used in combination with methotrexate are the most effective disease-modifying agents for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in terms of improvement in symptoms, quality of life, and prevention of structural damage. (biomedcentral.com)

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) induces long-term drug-free disease remission in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. (sigmaaldrich.com)

METHODS: Low-dose irradiation was used before the induction of arthritis or at the onset of disease. (ox.ac.uk)

Genome-wide association studies have identified various susceptibility variants and loci associated with incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in different populations. (ox.ac.uk)
sgp130Fc and etanercept delayed mCIA onset, after 5 doses arthritis incidence was 0% (sgp130Fc) versus 17% (etanercept) and 83% (vehicle). (cf.ac.uk)

An investigational drug in clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis prevents a common, life-threatening side effect of stem cell transplants, new research from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis shows. (eurekalert.org)

Increased TAGAP expression was observed in RA patients compared to healthy controls, and there were differences in the expression level of TAGAP in the tissues of mice with experimental arthritis. (ox.ac.uk)

The Journal of Experimental Medicine. (wikipedia.org)

Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis by gene delivery of soluble p75 tumour necrosis factor receptor. (1/2364)

Modulation of acute and chronic inflammatory processes by cacospongionolide B, a novel inhibitor of human synovial phospholipase A2. (2/2364)

Localization of non-Mhc collagen-induced arthritis susceptibility loci in DBA/1j mice. (3/2364)

Effects of petrosaspongiolide M, a novel phospholipase A2 inhibitor, on acute and chronic inflammation. (4/2364)

Efficacy of sustained blood levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in animal models of arthritis: comparison of efficacy in animal models with human clinical data. (5/2364)

Somatostatin receptor subtype expression in cells of the rat immune system during adjuvant arthritis. (6/2364)

Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by a polyphenolic fraction from green tea. (7/2364)

Specific targeting of activated endothelium in rat adjuvant arthritis with a 99mTc-radiolabeled E-selectin-binding peptide. (8/2364)

Bernard Fantus

Regulatory B cells

Cathepsin K

Etanercept

ERB-26

ERB-79

Binding immunoglobulin protein

Tyrosine kinase 2

Electroacupuncture

Microfracture surgery

Gingerol

Eicosanoid receptor

List of MeSH codes (C05)

Laboratory rat

Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system

Enzyme potentiated desensitization

Anakinra

Infliximab

HNRNPA2B1

CCL8

Inflammatory reflex

Mesobuthus eupeus

Bath salts

Poseltinib

Sandra Saouaf

PSMD7

Patente US4925787 - Monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody, method for production thereof, and ... - Google Patentes

Experimental Arthritis Summary Report | CureHunter

Experimental arthritis drug prevents stem cell transplant complication | EurekAlert! Science News

Cardiff Regional Experimental Arthritis Treatment and Evaluation Centre (CREATE) - Research - Cardiff University

JCI - Peptide-siRNA nanocomplexes targeting NF-κB subunit p65 suppress nascent experimental arthritis

JCI - Peptide-siRNA nanocomplexes targeting NF-κB subunit p65 suppress nascent experimental arthritis

Molecules | Free Full-Text | Ferulaldehyde Improves the Effect of Methotrexate in Experimental Arthritis

Therapeutic effect of cortistatin on experimental arthritis by downregulating inflammatory and Th1 responses

A1.69 C1Q is absolutely required for disease development in experimental arthritis | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

Dominant-Negative Inhibitors of Soluble TNF Attenuate Experimental Arthritis without Suppressing Innate Immunity to Infection |...

Suppression of Ongoing Experimental Arthritis by a Chinese Herbal Formula (Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling Dan) Involves Changes in Antigen...

Brief report: Autologous stem cell transplantation restores immune tolerance in experimental arthritis by renewal and...

Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy, 660 nm, in Experimental Septic Arthritis

Anti-inflammatory effects of cell-based therapy with tyrosine hydroxylase-positive catecholaminergic cells in experimental...

Suppression of ongoing experimental arthritis by a Chinese herbal formula (Huo-luo-xiao-ling dan) involves changes in antigen...

Technetium-99m labelled liposomes to image experimental arthritis. - Semantic Scholar

Estrogen regulates T helper 17 phenotype and localization in experimental autoimmune arthritis. | Sigma-Aldrich

Genome-wide gene expression in experimental arthritis: defining new targets of chronic/destructive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) |...

Gene therapy with an improved doxycycline-regulated plasmid encoding a tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor in experimental...

Autoimmunity to type II collagen an experimental model of arthritis. | JEM

Therapeutic Effect of a Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor on Experimental Arthritis by Downregulating Inflammation and...

Optical imaging of experimental arthritis using allogeneic leukocytes labeled with a near-infrared fluorescent probe<...

Experimental approach may reverse rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis - ScienceBlog.com

Total glucosides of paeony prevents juxta-articular bone loss in experimental arthritis | BMC Complementary and Alternative...

T cell activation Rho GTPase activating protein (TAGAP) is upregulated in clinical and experimental arthritis. - Nuffield...

Antigen-induced arthritis2

Adjuvant-induced arthritis2

Inhibitor in experimental arthritis1

Inflammatory arthritis4

Severity6

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis1

Blockade1

Rheumatoid arthritis therapy1

Progression5

Therapeutic4

Rheumatism2

Potently1

Mice with collagen3

Several autoimmune diseases2

Joint5

Inhibition2

19961

Type II colla4

Treatment5

Acute1

Methotrexate1