Arterioles
Pia Mater
Vasodilation
Venules
Retinal Artery
Vasoconstriction
Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
Endothelium, Vascular
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
A complex of cells consisting of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangium lacis cells, the macula densa of the distal convoluted tubule, and granular epithelial peripolar cells. Juxtaglomerular cells are modified SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS found in the walls of afferent glomerular arterioles and sometimes the efferent arterioles. Extraglomerular mesangium lacis cells are located in the angle between the afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles. Granular epithelial peripolar cells are located at the angle of reflection of the parietal to visceral angle of the renal corpuscle.
Microscopy, Video
Vasomotor System
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Acetylcholine
Nitroarginine
Nitroprusside
Mesoporphyrins
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
Nitric Oxide Synthase
Swine, Miniature
Vascular Resistance
Enzyme Inhibitors
Mesocricetus
Muscle, Skeletal
Hydronephrosis
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
Kidney Glomerulus
Adenosine
Muscle Tonus
Indomethacin
Rats, Inbred WKY
Rats, Inbred SHR
Norepinephrine
Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Blood Flow Velocity
Kidney
Potassium Chloride
Rats, Wistar
Bradykinin
A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid
Microvessels
Angiotensin II
An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.
Retinal Vein
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
Prostaglandins
Corrosion Casting
A tissue preparation technique that involves the injecting of plastic (acrylates) into blood vessels or other hollow viscera and treating the tissue with a caustic substance. This results in a negative copy or a solid replica of the enclosed space of the tissue that is ready for viewing under a scanning electron microscope.
Stress, Mechanical
Potassium Channel Blockers
Mesentery
Pimozide
A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403)
Calcium responses induced by acetylcholine in submucosal arterioles of the guinea-pig small intestine. (1/2323)
1. Calcium responses induced by brief stimulation with acetylcholine (ACh) were assessed from the fluorescence changes in fura-2 loaded submucosal arterioles of the guinea-pig small intestine. 2. Initially, 1-1.5 h after loading with fura-2 (fresh tissues), ACh increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. This response diminished with time, and finally disappeared in 2-3 h (old tissues). 3. Ba2+ elevated [Ca2+]i to a similar extent in both fresh and old tissues. ACh further increased the Ba2+-elevated [Ca2+]i in fresh tissues, but reduced it in old tissues. Responses were not affected by either indomethacin or nitroarginine. 4. In fresh mesenteric arteries, mechanical removal of endothelial cells abolished the ACh-induced increase in [Ca2+]i, with no alteration of [Ca2+]i at rest and during elevation with Ba2+. 5. In the presence of indomethacin and nitroarginine, high-K+ solution elevated [Ca2+]i in both fresh and old tissues. Subsequent addition of ACh further increased [Ca2+]i in fresh tissues without changing it in old tissues. 6. Proadifen, an inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase, inhibited the ACh-induced changes in [Ca2+]i in both fresh and Ba2+-stimulated old tissues. It also inhibited the ACh-induced hyperpolarization. 7. In fresh tissues, the ACh-induced Ca2+ response was not changed by apamin, charybdotoxin (CTX), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) or glibenclamide. In old tissues in which [Ca2+]i had previously been elevated with Ba2+, the ACh-induced Ca2+ response was inhibited by CTX but not by apamin, 4-AP or glibenclamide. 8. It is concluded that in submucosal arterioles, ACh elevates endothelial [Ca2+]i and reduces muscular [Ca2+]i, probably through the hyperpolarization of endothelial or smooth muscle membrane by activating CTX-sensitive K+ channels. (+info)Interaction of amylin with calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in the microvasculature of the hamster cheek pouch in vivo. (2/2323)
1. This study used intravital microscopy to investigate the receptors stimulated by amylin which shares around 50% sequence homology with the vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the hamster cheek pouch microvasculature in vivo. 2. Receptor agonists dilated arterioles (diameters 20-40 microm). The -log of the concentrations (+/- s.e.mean; n = 8) causing 50% increase in arteriole diameter were: human betaCGRP (10.8 +/- 0.3), human alphaCGRP (10.8 +/- 0.4), rat alphaCGRP (10.4 +/- 0.3). Rat amylin and the CGRP2 receptor selective agonist [Cys(ACM2,7]-human alphaCGRP were 100 fold less potent (estimates were 8.5 +/- 0.4 and 8.2 +/- 0.3 respectively). 3. The GCRP1 receptor antagonist, CGRP8-37 (300 nmol kg(-1); i.v.) reversibly inhibited the increase in diameter evoked by human alphaCGRP (0.3 nM) from 178 +/- 22% to 59 +/- 12% (n = 8; P < 0.05) and by rat amylin (100 nM) from 138 +/- 23% to 68 +/- 24% (n = 6; P < 0.05). CGRP8-37 did not inhibit vasodilation evoked by substance P (10 nM; n = 4: P > 0.05). 4. The amylin receptor antagonist, amylin8-37 (300 nmol kg(-1); i.v.) did not significantly inhibit the increase in diameter evoked by human alphaCGRP (0.3 nM) which was 112 +/- 26% in the absence, and 90 +/- 29% in the presence of antagonist (n = 4; P < 0.05); nor that evoked by rat amylin (100 nM) which was 146 +/- 23% in the absence and 144 +/- 32% in the presence of antagonist (n = 4; P > 0.05). 5. The agonist profile for vasodilatation and the inhibition of this dilatation by CGRP8-37, although not the amylin8-37 indicates that amylin causes vasodilatation through interaction with CGRP1 receptors in the hamster cheek pouch. (+info)Spread of vasodilatation and vasoconstriction along feed arteries and arterioles of hamster skeletal muscle. (3/2323)
1. In arterioles of the hamster cheek pouch, vasodilatation and vasoconstriction can spread via the conduction of electrical signals through gap junctions between cells that comprise the vessel wall. However, conduction in resistance networks supplying other tissues has received relatively little attention. In anaesthetized hamsters, we have investigated the spread of dilatation and constriction along feed arteries and arterioles of the retractor muscle, which is contiguous with the cheek pouch. 2. When released from a micropipette, acetylcholine (ACh) triggered vasodilatation that spread rapidly along feed arteries external to the muscle and arterioles within the muscle. Responses were independent of changes in wall shear rate, perivascular nerve activity, or release of nitric oxide, indicating cell-to-cell conduction. 3. Vasodilatation conducted without decrement along unbranched feed arteries, yet decayed markedly in arteriolar networks. Thus, branching of the conduction pathway dissipated the vasodilatation. 4. Noradrenaline (NA) or a depolarizing KCl stimulus evoked constriction of arterioles and feed arteries of the retractor muscle that was constrained to the vicinity of the micropipette. This behaviour contrasts sharply with the conduction of vasodilatation in these microvessels and with the conduction of vasoconstriction elicited by NA and KCl in cheek pouch arterioles. 5. Focal electrical stimulation produced constriction that spread rapidly along feed arteries and arterioles. These responses were inhibited by tetrodotoxin or prazosin, confirming the release of NA along perivascular sympathetic nerves, which are absent from arterioles studied in the cheek pouch. Thus, sympathetic nerve activity co-ordinated the contraction of smooth muscle cells as effectively as the conduction of vasodilatation co-ordinated their relaxation. 6. In the light of previous findings in the cheek pouch, the properties of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation in feed arteries and arterioles of the retractor muscle indicate that substantive differences can exist in the nature of signal transmission along microvessels of tissues that differ in structure and function. (+info)Neovascularization at the vascular pole region in diabetic glomerulopathy. (4/2323)
BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy is associated with renal structural changes involving all of the compartments. Most characteristic is the diabetic glomerulopathy. Studies of the histological changes during the early phases of nephropathy have included the glomerulopathy and also the juxtaglomerular structures. Neovascularization, well-known in diabetic retinopathy, has also been observed in the kidney. The present study concerns estimates of frequency of neovascularization at the vascular pole region in early stages of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: Extra efferent arterioles at the glomerular vascular pole were detected during measurements of the vascular pole area applying 1-microm serial sections through kidney biopsies. It was observed that more than one efferent arteriole existed occasionally. The present study was carried out with the aim of estimating the frequency of this phenomenon in diabetic patients and in non-diabetic controls, the diabetic patients categorized according to the level of albumin excretion rate. RESULTS: Neovascularization was first observed in IDDM patients with microalbuminuria. Some of the cases presented the phenomenon in all of the glomeruli studied. As the examinations of many kidney biopsies continued the phenomenon was observed also in the non-diabetic control group and in one IDDM patient with normoalbuminuria. However, the frequency was statistically highly significantly increased in patients with elevated albumin-excretion. Within this group a strong correlation between frequency of neovascularization and the severity of diabetic glomerulopathy is seen. CONCLUSIONS: The vascular abnormality localized to the vascular pole region is observed occasionally in the normal kidney, but the frequency is increased in patients with diabetic glomerulopathy. The abnormality may develop as a consequence of a long-standing diabetic glomerulopathy and might lead to less pronounced elevation of albumin excretion. (+info)Inhibition of NO synthesis or endothelium removal reveals a vasoconstrictor effect of insulin on isolated arterioles. (5/2323)
In this study we tested the hypothesis that insulin may differentially affect isolated arterioles from red (RGM) and white gastrocnemius muscles (WGM) because of their differences in function and metabolic profile. We also determined whether the responses of these arterioles are endothelium dependent and mediated by either prostaglandins or nitric oxide (NO). Arterioles were isolated, pressurized to 85 mmHg, equilibrated in Krebs bicarbonate-buffered solution (pH 7.4) gassed with 10% O2 (5% CO2-85% N2), and studied in a no-flow state. Control diameters for first-order arterioles from RGM averaged 77 +/- 8 micrometers and from WGM averaged 77 +/- 5 micrometers. Cumulative dose-response curves to insulin (10 microU/ml, 100 microU/ml, 1 mU/ml, and 10 mU/ml) were obtained in arterioles before and after endothelium removal or administration of either indomethacin (Indo, 10(-5) M) or NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 10(-4) M). Insulin evoked concentration-dependent increases in control diameter of intact RGM and WGM arterioles of 6-26% and 9-28%, respectively. Indo was without any effect on insulin-induced dilation in RGM and WGM arterioles. Insulin-evoked dilation in both RGM and WGM arterioles was completely inhibited and converted to vasoconstriction by endothelium removal and administration of L-NNA. These results indicate that in endothelium-intact arterioles from RGM and WGM, insulin evokes an endothelium-dependent dilation that is equivalent and mediated by NO. In contrast, in the absence of a functional endothelium, insulin evokes arteriolar constriction. The finding that insulin can constrict arterioles, at physiological concentrations, suggests that insulin may play a more significant role in the regulation of vascular tone and total peripheral resistance than previously appreciated. (+info)Conducted signals within arteriolar networks initiated by bioactive amino acids. (6/2323)
Our purpose was to determine the specificity of L-arginine (L-Arg)-induced conducted signals for intra- vs. extracellular actions of L-Arg. Diameter and red blood cell velocities were measured for arterioles [18 +/- 1.6 (SE) micrometer] in the cremaster muscle of pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized (Nembutal, 70 mg/kg) hamsters (n = 53). Remote (conducted) responses were viewed approximately 1,000 micrometer upstream from the local (micropipette) application. Six amino acids were tested: L-arginine, L-cystine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-histidine, and L-aspartate (100 microM each). Only L-Arg induced a remote dilation; L-lysine and L-aspartate had no effect, and the others each induced a significant remote constriction. There is a second conducted signal initiated by L-arginine that preconditions the arteriolar network and upregulates a direct response of L-arginine to dilate the remote site. This was blocked by inhibition of L-arginine uptake at the local (preconditioning) site (100 microM L-histidine or 1 mM phenformin). Arginine-glycine-aspartate (100 microM)-induced remote dilations (+3. 2 +/- 0.3 micrometer) were not mimicked by a peptide control and were prevented by anti- integrin alphav monoclonal antibody. Remote dilations were greater in animals with a higher wall shear stress for arginine-glycine-aspartate (r2 = 0.92) but not for L-arginine (r2 = 0.12). Thus L-arginine initiates separate conducted signals related to system y+ transport, integrins, and baseline flow. (+info)Endothelin antagonists block alpha1-adrenergic constriction of coronary arterioles. (7/2323)
We have previously observed that intracoronary administration of the alpha1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE) over a period of minutes induced both an immediate and long-lasting (2 h) vasoconstriction of epicardial coronary arterioles. Because it is unlikely that alpha1-adrenergic constriction would persist for hours after removal of the agonist, this observation supports the view that another constrictor(s) is released during alpha1-adrenergic activation and induces the prolonged vasoconstriction. Therefore, we hypothesized that the prolonged microvascular constriction after PE is due to the production of endothelin (ET). We focused on ET not only because this peptide produces potent vasoconstriction but also because its vasoconstrictor action is characterized by a long duration. To test this hypothesis, the diameters of coronary arterioles (<222 micrometers) in the beating heart of pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs with stroboscopic intravital microscopy were measured during a 15-min intracoronary infusion of PE (1 microgram. kg-1 . min-1) and at 15-min intervals for a total of 120 min. All experiments were performed in the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol. At 120 min, arterioles in the PE group were constricted (-23 +/- 9% change in diameter vs. baseline). Pretreatment with the ET-converting enzyme inhibitor phosphoramidon or the ETA-receptor antagonist FR-139317 prevented the PE-induced constriction at 120 min (-1 +/- 3 and -6 +/- 3%, respectively, P < 0.01 vs. PE). Pretreatment with the selective alpha1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin (Prz) also prevented the sustained constriction (0 +/- 2%, P < 0.01 vs. PE) but Prz given 60 min after PE infusion did not (-13 +/- 3%). In the aggregate, these results show that vasoconstriction of epicardial coronary arterioles via alpha1-adrenergic activation is blocked by an ET antagonist and an inhibitor of its production. From these data, we conclude that alpha1-adrenergic activation promotes the production and/or release of ET, which produces or facilitates microvascular constriction of epicardial canine coronary arterioles. (+info)Flow regulation of ecNOS and Cu/Zn SOD mRNA expression in porcine coronary arterioles. (8/2323)
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that increased flow through coronary arterioles increases endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) mRNA expression. Single porcine coronary arterioles (ID 100-160 micrometers; pressurized) were cannulated, perfused, and exposed to intraluminal flow sufficient to produce maximal flow-induced dilation of coronary arterioles (high flow; 7.52 +/- 0.22 microliter/min), low flow (0.84 +/- 0.05 microliter/min), or no flow for 2 or 4 h. Mean shear stress was calculated to be 5.7 +/- 1.0 dyn/cm2 for high-flow arterioles and 1. 6 +/- 1.0 dyn/cm2 for low-flow arterioles. At the end of the treatment period, mRNA was isolated from each vessel, and ecNOS and SOD mRNA expression was assessed using a semiquantitative RT-PCR. All data were standardized by coamplifying ecNOS or SOD with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The results indicate that ecNOS mRNA expression is increased in arterioles exposed to 2 or 4 h of high flow. In contrast, SOD mRNA expression was increased only after 4 h of high flow. Neither gene is induced by exposure to low flow. On the basis of these data, we concluded that ecNOS and SOD mRNA expression is regulated by flow in porcine coronary arterioles. In addition, we concluded that a threshold level of flow and shear stress must be sustained to elicit the upregulation of ecNOS and SOD mRNA expression. (+info)
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Afferent arterioles
The afferent arterioles branch from the renal artery, which supplies blood to the kidneys. The afferent arterioles later ... The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems. They play an important ... If the efferent arterioles are constricted then the blood pressure in the capillaries of the kidneys will increase. Efferent ... The macula densa cell can also increase the blood pressure of the afferent arterioles by decreasing the synthesis of adenosine ...
Arteriole
Pulmonary arterioles are a noteworthy exception as they vasodilate in response to high oxygen. Brain arterioles are ... An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to ... Arterioles have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle cells) and are the primary site of vascular ... The arterioles achieve this decrease in pressure, as they are the site with the highest resistance (a large contributor to ...
Efferent arteriole
The efferent arterioles are blood vessels that are part of the urinary tract of organisms. Efferent (from Latin ex + ferre) ... The efferent arterioles form a convergence of the capillaries of the glomerulus, and carry blood away from the glomerulus that ... The efferent arterioles of the juxtamedullary glomeruli are much different. They do break up, but they form bundles of vessels ... The efferent arterioles of the undifferentiated cortical glomeruli are the most complex. Promptly on leaving the glomerulus ...
Blood vessel
There are five types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the arterioles; the capillaries ... In general, arteries and arterioles transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body and its organs, and veins and venules ... There are various kinds of blood vessels: Arteries Elastic arteries Distributing arteries Arterioles Capillaries (smallest ... Blood is propelled through arteries and arterioles through pressure generated by the heartbeat. Blood vessels also transport ...
Endometrial stromal sarcoma
Prominent arterioles. Angiolymphatic invasion common. Up to 10-15 mitotic figures per 10 HPF in most active areas. Tongue-like ...
Cannon-Bard theory
... contraction of arterioles; dilatation of bronchioles; increased levels of blood sugar; sweating; widening of the pupils and ...
Systemic vasculitis
Affects capillaries, venules, or arterioles. Thought to be part of a group that includes granulomatosis with polyangiitis since ... Systemic vasculitis of medium and small arteries, including venules and arterioles. Produces granulomatous inflammation of the ... or arterioles. Therefore, complement will be low with histology showing vessel inflammation with immune deposits. Vasculitis ...
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
Dilate arterioles to skeletal muscle. In the normal eye, beta-2 stimulation by salbutamol increases intraocular pressure via ...
Microcirculation
There, arterioles control the flow of blood to the capillaries. Arterioles contract and relax, varying their diameter and ... The microvessels include terminal arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, and venules. Arterioles carry oxygenated blood to the ... Metarterioles connect arterioles and capillaries. A tributary to the venules is known as a thoroughfare channel.[citation ... Arterioles respond to metabolic stimuli that are generated in the tissues. When tissue metabolism increases, catabolic products ...
Adventitial cystic disease
Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries). ...
Hemodynamics
Immediately following the arterioles are the capillaries. Following the logic observed in the arterioles, we expect the blood ... This is why[citation needed] the arterioles have the highest pressure-drop. The pressure drop of the arterioles is the product ... In the arterioles blood pressure is lower than in the major arteries. This is due to bifurcations, which cause a drop in ... The high resistance observed in the arterioles, which factor largely in the ∆P is a result of a smaller radius of about 30 µm. ...
Robert Hollenhorst
"Significance of bright plaques in the retinal arterioles". JAMA. 178: 23-29. doi:10.1001/jama.1961.03040400025005. PMC 1316410 ...
Hollenhorst plaque
Hollenhorst RW (1961). "Significance of bright plaques in the retinal arterioles". JAMA. 178: 23-29. doi:10.1001/jama. ...
Conjunctiva
In some subjects, arterioles and venules can be seen to run parallel with each other. Paired arterioles are generally smaller ... The bulbar conjunctival microvasculature contains arterioles, meta-arterioles, venules, capillaries, and communicating vessels ... Hypertension is associated with an increase in the tortuosity of bulbar conjunctival blood vessels and capillary and arteriole ...
Tubuloglomerular feedback
Efferent arterioles appear to play a lesser role; experimental evidence supports both vasoconstriction and vasodilation, with ... The muscle tension in the afferent arteriole is modified based on the difference between the sensed concentration and a target ... Constricting the smooth muscle cells in the afferent arteriole, results in a reduced concentration of chloride at the MD. TGF ... Adenosine constricts the afferent arteriole by binding with high affinity to the A1 receptors a Gi/Go. Adenosine binds with ...
Vascular resistance
Another determinant of vascular resistance is the pre-capillary arterioles. These arterioles are less than 100 μm in diameter. ... Because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of vessel radius, changes to arteriole diameter can result in ... known as resistance arterioles) tone. These vessels are from 450 μm down to 100 μm in diameter. (As a comparison, the diameter ... but the small arteries and arterioles are the site of about 70% of the pressure drop, and are the main regulators of SVR. When ...
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
... angiotensin II also constricts the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus in addition to the efferent arteriole it normally ... Prostaglandins normally dilate the afferent arterioles of the glomeruli. This helps maintain normal glomerular perfusion and ... Since NSAIDs block this prostaglandin-mediated effect of afferent arteriole dilation, particularly in kidney failure, NSAIDs ... which removes angiotensin II's vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole) and a diuretic (which drops plasma volume, and ...
Myogenic mechanism
The myogenic mechanism is how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow ... This is especially relevant in arterioles of the body. When blood pressure is increased in the blood vessels and the blood ...
Renovascular hypertension
... located on the afferent arteriole wall). This leads to renin secretion that causes the angiotensinogen conversion to ...
Biofeedback
Hand-warming involves arteriole vasodilation produced by a beta-2 adrenergic hormonal mechanism. Hand-cooling involves ... Skin temperature mainly reflects arteriole diameter. Hand-warming and hand-cooling are produced by separate mechanisms, and ... arteriole vasoconstriction produced by the increased firing of sympathetic C-fibers. Biofeedback therapists use temperature ...
Spleen
The germinal centers are supplied by arterioles called penicilliary radicles. The spleen is innervated by the splenic plexus, ...
Biofluid dynamics
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins make up the vasculature. The cardiovascular system circulates about 5 ... circulations take the blood through large arteries first and then branches into smaller arteries before reaching arterioles and ...
Sickle cell retinopathy
The occluded arterioles can be seen as dark red lines. They eventually turn into white silver-wire vessels. Stage of peripheral ... They are usually seen adjacent to the retinal arteriole. Bleeding in the deeper layers of the retina leads to the appearance of ...
Artery
... down to the arterioles. The arterioles supply capillaries, which in turn empty into venules. The first branches off of the ... Arterioles have the greatest collective influence on both local blood flow and on overall blood pressure. They are the primary ... Arterioles help in regulating blood pressure by the variable contraction of the smooth muscle of their walls, and deliver blood ... Systemic arteries deliver blood to the arterioles, and then to the capillaries, where nutrients and gases are exchanged. After ...
Trabecular arteries
The arterioles end by opening freely into the splenic pulp; their walls become much attenuated, they lose their tubular ... The arterioles, supported by the minute trabeculae, traverse the pulp in all directions in bundles (penicilli) of straight ... The altered coat of the arterioles, consisting of adenoid tissue, presents here and there thickenings of a spheroidal shape, ... or central arterioles). Branches of the central arteries are given to the red pulp, and these are called penicillar arteries). ...
Biomechanics
However, this assumption fails when considering forward flow within arterioles. At the microscopic scale, the effects of ...
Arteriolar vasodilator
... s are substances or medications that preferentially dilate arterioles. When used on people with certain ...
Lymphatic system
The germinal centers are supplied by arterioles called penicilliary radicles. In the human until the fifth month of prenatal ...
Nephron
The rest passes into an efferent arteriole. The diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than that of the afferent, and ... Although the figure labels the efferent vessel as a vein, it is actually an arteriole.) Glomerulus is red; Bowman's capsule is ... Each glomerulus receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal circulation. The glomerular blood pressure ... 397 The arterioles from the renal circulation enter and leave the glomerulus at the vascular pole. The glomerular filtrate ...
Morton's neuroma
The arterioles are thickened and occlusion by thrombi are occasionally present. Though a neuroma is a soft-tissue abnormality ...
2011 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code 447.9 : Unspecified disorders of arteries and arterioles
Shear-controlled dilation in single or branched arterioles leads to unstable behavior which can be stabilized by series fluid...
Harrigan, T. P. (1995). Shear-controlled dilation in single or branched arterioles leads to unstable behavior which can be ... Harrigan, Timothy P. / Shear-controlled dilation in single or branched arterioles leads to unstable behavior which can be ... Harrigan, TP 1995, Shear-controlled dilation in single or branched arterioles leads to unstable behavior which can be ... Shear-controlled dilation in single or branched arterioles leads to unstable behavior which can be stabilized by series fluid ...
Segmentally distinct effects of depolarization on intracellular [Ca2+] in renal arterioles.
... in renal arterioles and the possible role of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in these responses. Glomeruli with attached arterioles ... Segmentally distinct effects of depolarization on intracellular [Ca2+] in renal arterioles. Academic Article ... In contrast to the behavior of afferent arterioles, the 100 mM K+ solution reduced efferent arteriolar [Ca2+]i from 188 +/- 17 ... Animals, Arterioles, Calcium, Female, In Vitro Techniques, Kidney Glomerulus, Kinetics, Membrane Potentials, Muscle, Smooth, ...
Cardiovascular: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Fluorescent imaging of nitric oxide production in neuronal varicosities associated with intraparenchymal arterioles in rat...
Which chemical released by white blood cells causes arterioles to dilate? - MediHealthWriter
Plasma fibronectin promotes thrombus growth and stability in injured arterioles<...
Plasma fibronectin promotes thrombus growth and stability in injured arterioles. Heyu Ni, Peter S.T. Yuen, Jessie M. Papalia, ... Plasma fibronectin promotes thrombus growth and stability in injured arterioles. / Ni, Heyu; Yuen, Peter S.T.; Papalia, Jessie ... Plasma fibronectin promotes thrombus growth and stability in injured arterioles. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of ... Plasma fibronectin promotes thrombus growth and stability in injured arterioles. Proceedings of the National Academy of ...
A case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with severe fibrinoid necrosis located mainly in the glomerular afferent...
We report here, a patient of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with severe fibrinoid necrosis in the afferent arteriole of the ... N2 - We report here, a patient of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with severe fibrinoid necrosis in the afferent arteriole ... AB - We report here, a patient of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with severe fibrinoid necrosis in the afferent arteriole ... Pathological investigation of renal tissue revealed severe fibrinoid necrosis of the arterioles mainly in the glomerular ...
Study on distribution of pericyte and fluorescent granular perithelial (FGP) cell in the transitional region between arteriole...
As an important complement to the field, our group proves the presence of PVMs in both peri‐arteriole space and peri‐venule ... As an important complement to the field, our group proves the presence of PVMs in both peri-arteriole space and peri-venule ... Multiple studies have reported the presence of PVMs surrounding musculated vessels, known as arterioles 10‐35 μm in diameter . ... Subsequent cell counting revealed more peri-arteriole PVMs than peri-venule PVMs in both cortical and subcortical regions in ...
Early recovery and functional outcome are related with causal stroke subtype: data from the tinzaparin in acute ischemic stroke...
Hyperaldosteronism Medication: Aldosterone Antagonists, Selective, Diuretics, Potassium-Sparing, Antihypertensives, Other
Figure 2 - Susceptibility of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) - Volume 13,...
Imaging intact human organs with local resolution of cellular structures using hierarchical phase-contrast tomography | Nature...
Relationships between retinal arteriole anatomy and aortic geometry and function and peripheral resistance in hypertensives
Medical Examination (Ages 1-74) Data (1971-75)
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Hypertensive retinopathy: Stages, causes, treatment, and more
Endocrine System Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy
Brimonidine evokes heterogeneous vasomotor response of retinal arterioles: diminished nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation when...
Brimonidine evokes heterogeneous vasomotor response of retinal arterioles: diminished nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation when ... All first-order arterioles (82 +/- 2 microm ID) dilated dose dependently to brimonidine (0.1 nM to 10 microM) with 10% dilation ... Second-order arterioles (50 +/- 1 microm ID) responded heterogeneously with either dilation or constriction. The incidence and ... Herein, we examined the vasomotor action of brimonidine on different branching orders of retinal arterioles in vitro and ...
Internet Scientific Publications
Endogenous nitric oxide and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids modulate angiotensin II-induced constriction in the rabbit afferent...
keywords = "Afferent arteriole, Angiotensin II, Endothelium, Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, Nitric oxide",. author = "K. Kohagura ... induced constriction in isolated microperfused afferent arteriole (Af-Art) of the rabbit kidney. When Af-Arts were treated with ... induced constriction in isolated microperfused afferent arteriole (Af-Art) of the rabbit kidney. When Af-Arts were treated with ... induced constriction in isolated microperfused afferent arteriole (Af-Art) of the rabbit kidney. When Af-Arts were treated with ...
Telangiectasia
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WEBVTT
51.952 two sets of arterioles. Arteriole that leads into the 48:51.946 48:56.466 glomerulus and an arteriole that leads out ... 03.462 sitting on either side of an arteriole--now what did 49:03.464 49:06.294 arterioles do? They were of the right size ... Well, the glomerular 49:34.690 49:39.410 capillaries sit here between two arterioles and they can 49:39.413 49:42.593 ... 05.113 across that arteriole so the pressures lower coming out. 50:05.110 50:08.260 If I want the higher pressure drop on ...
PDF] O(2) release from erythrocytes flowing in a narrow O(2)-permeable tube: effects of erythrocyte aggregation. | Semantic...
Effect of erythrocyte aggregation and flow rate on cell-free layer formation in arterioles.. *P. Ong, B. Namgung, Paul C. ... The results show that cell-free layer formation in the arterioles is enhanced by a combination of flow reduction and red blood ... Simulation of NO and O2 transport facilitated by polymerized hemoglobin solutions in an arteriole that takes into account wall ...
Notch signaling functions in noncanonical juxtacrine manner in platelets to amplify thrombogenicity | eLife
The arteriole was injured by topically placing a Whatman filter paper saturated with ferric chloride (10%) solution for 3 min ... Intravital imaging of thrombus formation in murine mesenteric arterioles. Request a detailed protocol Ferric chloride-induced ... 15 or 20 min after ferric chloride-induced injury of the mesenteric arterioles. (B-D) Bar diagrams showing time to first ... equipped with monochrome CCD cooled camera was employed to image isolated mesenteric arterioles of diameter 100-150 µm. ...
Capillaries3
- Afferent arterioles pass blood into the glomerular capillaries, where hydrostatic pressure pushes water and solutes into Bowman's capsule. (justia.com)
- Ventricular contraction ejects blood into the major arteries resulting in flow from regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure as blood encounters smaller arteries and arterioles then capillaries then the venules and veins of the venous system. (medbeautys.com)
- Camphora used in this product fights against fungal infections and protects our skin from excessive irritation, itching and rashes and this compound is used to increase the blood flow in peripheral capillaries and arterioles. (yamunapharmacy.com)
Venules6
- As an important complement to the field, our group proves the presence of PVMs in both peri‐arteriole space and peri‐venule space (Figure B) by showing PVMs surrounding both musculated arterioles and nonmusculated venules. (scite.ai)
- Arterioles and venules have normal color, sheen, and course. (moviecultists.com)
- 1 - 4 In general, it is believed that the choriocapillaris hemodynamics involve arterioles at the center of the lobules that are responsible for feeding the lobules, after which the blood drains into the peripheral venules that are located in the outer rim of the lobules. (arvojournals.org)
- 1 - 4 However, it is still disputed as to whether the outer rim of these lobules consists of venules or arterioles. (arvojournals.org)
- Venules are followed along two sides of this arteriole and short precapillaries are branched out in tree-like manner from it forming capillary network surrounding arteriole and capillary plexuses. (scirp.org)
- Postcapillaries branched from the network are being emerged the venules accompanied arterioles. (scirp.org)
Capillary3
- Telangiectasia - facial spider veins caused by dilation of capillary vessels or arterioles. (amaramd.com)
- From the aorta blood flows into the arteries and arterioles and ultimately to the capillary beds. (medbeautys.com)
- Arteries terminate at the capillary bed where oxygen and nutrient rich blood leaks out of the smallest arteries (arterioles) and bathes our tissues in life sustaining fluid. (arcphysicaltherapy.com)
Afferent5
- In contrast to the behavior of afferent arterioles, the 100 mM K+ solution reduced efferent arteriolar [Ca2+]i from 188 +/- 17 to 148 +/- 13 nM (n = 11, P (uab.edu)
- We report here, a patient of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with severe fibrinoid necrosis in the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus, in whom antiphospholipid antibody might have contributed to the pathogenesis. (elsevier.com)
- Pathological investigation of renal tissue revealed severe fibrinoid necrosis of the arterioles mainly in the glomerular afferent arteriole associated with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. (elsevier.com)
- We examined whether endogenous NO or EETs modulate angiotensin II- (AngII) induced constriction in isolated microperfused afferent arteriole (Af-Art) of the rabbit kidney. (elsevier.com)
- Net filtration pressure is expressed as the hydrostatic pressure in the afferent arteriole minus the hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space minus the osmotic pressure in the efferent arteriole. (justia.com)
Dilation4
- Harrigan, TP 1995, ' Shear-controlled dilation in single or branched arterioles leads to unstable behavior which can be stabilized by series fluid resistances ', Paper presented at Proceedings of the 1995 Bioengineering Conference, Beever Creek, CO, USA, 6/28/95 - 7/2/95 pp. 527-528. (elsevier.com)
- All first-order arterioles (82 +/- 2 microm ID) dilated dose dependently to brimonidine (0.1 nM to 10 microM) with 10% dilation at the highest concentration. (tamu.edu)
- Second-order arterioles (50 +/- 1 microm ID) responded heterogeneously with either dilation or constriction. (tamu.edu)
- Therefore, dilation of arterial blood vessels (mainly arterioles) leads to a decrease in blood pressure. (fasting.ws)
Veins1
- Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, particularly in the large arteries, smaller arterioles and large veins. (fasting.ws)
Retinal9
- To study the relationships between retinal arteriole anatomy and aortic geometry and function and peripheral resistance in hypertensives. (imageens.com)
- This tudy highlights that wall-to-lumen ratio of the retinal arterioles is a marker of blood pressure regimen, total resistance and remodeling of the distal arterial tree. (imageens.com)
- Brimonidine evokes heterogeneous vasomotor response of retinal arterioles: diminished nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation when size goes small. (tamu.edu)
- Herein, we examined the vasomotor action of brimonidine on different branching orders of retinal arterioles in vitro and determined the contribution of the alpha2-AR subtype and the role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) in this vasomotor response. (tamu.edu)
- First- and second-order retinal arterioles of pigs were isolated, cannulated, and pressurized for functional studies. (tamu.edu)
- RT-PCR was performed for detection of alpha-AR and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) mRNA in retinal arterioles. (tamu.edu)
- Regardless of vessel size, vasomotor responses (i.e., vasodilation and vasoconstriction) of retinal arterioles were sensitive to the alpha2-AR antagonist rauwolscine. (tamu.edu)
- Consistent with the functional data, alpha2A-AR and eNOS mRNAs were detected in retinal arterioles. (tamu.edu)
- Collectively, our data demonstrate that brimonidine at clinical doses evokes a consistent NO-dependent vasodilation in first-order retinal arterioles but a heterogeneous response in second-order arterioles. (tamu.edu)
Vessels3
- Multiple studies have reported the presence of PVMs surrounding musculated vessels, known as arterioles 10-35 μm in diameter. (scite.ai)
- The patented BEMER EVO signal stimulates vasomotion in humans, i.e. the pumping movement of the smallest vessels (arterioles). (provenexpert.com)
- Modern research shows that acupoints are located in areas where there is a high density of free nerve endings, mast cells, small arterioles and lymphatic vessels. (burnthillsvethosp.com)
Dilate2
- Which chemical released by white blood cells causes arterioles to dilate? (medihealthwriter.com)
- Skeletal muscle arterioles dilate in response to application of acetylcholine (ACh), eliciting a conducted vasodilation (CVD) that travels along unbranched segments without decrement. (umsystem.edu)
Splenic1
- D) Splenic arteriole. (cdc.gov)
Peripheral1
- The choriocapillaris lobules appear to be supplied from peripheral arterioles, not central. (arvojournals.org)
Pulmonary1
- Results: MCT caused increased RVP, medial wall thickening of the pulmonary arterioles, and increased expression level of ET-1, ET receptor A, and NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4 proteins. (ewha.ac.kr)
Vasodilation2
Renal2
- Segmentally distinct effects of depolarization on intracellular [Ca2+] in renal arterioles. (uab.edu)
- Experiments were performed to determine the influence of depolarization on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in renal arterioles and the possible role of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in these responses. (uab.edu)
Pulp2
- The Greek word "Endodontics" literally means "inside the tooth" and relates to the tooth pulp, tissues, nerves, and arterioles. (harbordentalmn.com)
- The origin of accessory canals, particularly accessory furcation canals, is a failure in the formation of the Hertwig's sheath (3,6,18), which Figun and Garino (18) called a physiological periodontal fistula through which arterioles, pulp and collagen fibers can grow (3). (bvsalud.org)
Walls3
- It affects primarily the inner and middle layers of the walls of arterioles. (merckmanuals.com)
- The walls thicken, narrowing the arterioles. (merckmanuals.com)
- Either of these disorders may stress the walls of arterioles, resulting in thickening. (merckmanuals.com)
Vessel1
- Subsequent cell counting revealed more peri-arteriole PVMs than peri-venule PVMs in both cortical and subcortical regions in mouse brain, but no difference if normalized to vessel length ( Figure 1C). (scite.ai)
Rabbit kidney1
- Glomeruli with attached arterioles and thick ascending limb were dissected from rabbit kidney and loaded with fura 2. (uab.edu)
Kidneys1
- The heart needs the kidneys to constrict arterioles to maintain blood pressure and the kidneys need the heart to pump fluid for them to excrete. (foleyforsenate.com)
Accumulate1
- The clinical presentation is highly variable, in the feces, but the eggs accumulate in making its diagnosis a challenge, symptoms the arterioles that irrigate the affected such as malaise and myalgias are usually tissue4. (bvsalud.org)
Small1
- Arteriolosclerosis means hardening of the arterioles, which are small arteries. (merckmanuals.com)
Diameter1
- Periosteum of fetal vertebral bodies are distributed originating from fine arteries of 70 - 120 diameter and arterioles of 30 - 50 diameter which are part of arteries of network of micro blood circulation. (scirp.org)
Outer3
- During ICGA, C-shaped precapillary arterioles multiplied in numbers and emerged in the posterior pole, forming the outer rim of the numerous mosaics or lobules. (arvojournals.org)
- When the FA and ICGA images were superimposed, the C-shaped arterioles observed during the ICGA were shown to correspond to the outer dark rim of the mosaics seen during the FA. (arvojournals.org)
- to the outer single section of the arterioles pass out of the subcostai. (juanfreire.com)
Excessive1
- Excessive peptidergic sensory innervation of cutaneous arteriole-venule shunts (AVS) in the palmar glabrous skin of fibromyalgia patients: Implications for widespread deep tissue pain and fatigue. (bvsalud.org)
Central1
- The central zone of vertebral body is supplied with blood by the main arteriole. (scirp.org)
Receive1
- As a result, organs supplied by the affected arterioles do not receive enough blood. (merckmanuals.com)
Begins1
- The process begins with brief contraction of nearby arterioles ( see arteries). (britannica.com)
Control1
- The deficiency of pFN did not affect the initial platelet adhesion, but a delay of several minutes in thrombus formation was observed in the arterioles of pFN-deficient mice as compared with control mice. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)