Arterioles. Medical search

The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.

The innermost layer of the three meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. It is the fine vascular membrane that lies under the ARACHNOID and the DURA MATER.

The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins.

Central retinal artery and its branches. It arises from the ophthalmic artery, pierces the optic nerve and runs through its center, enters the eye through the porus opticus and branches to supply the retina.

The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

The part of the face that is below the eye and to the side of the nose and mouth.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

A complex of cells consisting of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangium lacis cells, the macula densa of the distal convoluted tubule, and granular epithelial peripolar cells. Juxtaglomerular cells are modified SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS found in the walls of afferent glomerular arterioles and sometimes the efferent arterioles. Extraglomerular mesangium lacis cells are located in the angle between the afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles. Granular epithelial peripolar cells are located at the angle of reflection of the parietal to visceral angle of the renal corpuscle.

Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.

The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system.

Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules.

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6)

The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.

A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.

Porphyrins with four methyl, two ethyl, and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings.

A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the vessels of the KIDNEY.

The veins and arteries of the HEART.

The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.

Genetically developed small pigs for use in biomedical research. There are several strains - Yucatan miniature, Sinclair miniature, and Minnesota miniature.

The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.

The blood vessels which supply and drain the RETINA.

A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue.

A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.

The state of activity or tension of a muscle beyond that related to its physical properties, that is, its active resistance to stretch. In skeletal muscle, tonus is dependent upon efferent innervation. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

A strain of Rattus norvegicus used as a normotensive control for the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).

A strain of Rattus norvegicus with elevated blood pressure used as a model for studying hypertension and stroke.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.

A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)

The finer blood vessels of the vasculature that are generally less than 100 microns in internal diameter.

An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.

Central retinal vein and its tributaries. It runs a short course within the optic nerve and then leaves and empties into the superior ophthalmic vein or cavernous sinus.

Heterocyclic compounds in which an oxygen is attached to a cyclic nitrogen.

Compounds or agents that combine with cyclooxygenase (PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASES) and thereby prevent its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of eicosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.

A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.

An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions similar to those of chlorpropamide.

A tissue preparation technique that involves the injecting of plastic (acrylates) into blood vessels or other hollow viscera and treating the tissue with a caustic substance. This results in a negative copy or a solid replica of the enclosed space of the tissue that is ready for viewing under a scanning electron microscope.

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

A class of drugs that act by inhibition of potassium efflux through cell membranes. Blockade of potassium channels prolongs the duration of ACTION POTENTIALS. They are used as ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS and VASODILATOR AGENTS.

A layer of the peritoneum which attaches the abdominal viscera to the ABDOMINAL WALL and conveys their blood vessels and nerves.

A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403)

Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.

Calcium responses induced by acetylcholine in submucosal arterioles of the guinea-pig small intestine. (1/2323)

1. Calcium responses induced by brief stimulation with acetylcholine (ACh) were assessed from the fluorescence changes in fura-2 loaded submucosal arterioles of the guinea-pig small intestine. 2. Initially, 1-1.5 h after loading with fura-2 (fresh tissues), ACh increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. This response diminished with time, and finally disappeared in 2-3 h (old tissues). 3. Ba2+ elevated [Ca2+]i to a similar extent in both fresh and old tissues. ACh further increased the Ba2+-elevated [Ca2+]i in fresh tissues, but reduced it in old tissues. Responses were not affected by either indomethacin or nitroarginine. 4. In fresh mesenteric arteries, mechanical removal of endothelial cells abolished the ACh-induced increase in [Ca2+]i, with no alteration of [Ca2+]i at rest and during elevation with Ba2+. 5. In the presence of indomethacin and nitroarginine, high-K+ solution elevated [Ca2+]i in both fresh and old tissues. Subsequent addition of ACh further increased [Ca2+]i in fresh tissues without changing it in old tissues. 6. Proadifen, an inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase, inhibited the ACh-induced changes in [Ca2+]i in both fresh and Ba2+-stimulated old tissues. It also inhibited the ACh-induced hyperpolarization. 7. In fresh tissues, the ACh-induced Ca2+ response was not changed by apamin, charybdotoxin (CTX), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) or glibenclamide. In old tissues in which [Ca2+]i had previously been elevated with Ba2+, the ACh-induced Ca2+ response was inhibited by CTX but not by apamin, 4-AP or glibenclamide. 8. It is concluded that in submucosal arterioles, ACh elevates endothelial [Ca2+]i and reduces muscular [Ca2+]i, probably through the hyperpolarization of endothelial or smooth muscle membrane by activating CTX-sensitive K+ channels. (+info)

Interaction of amylin with calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in the microvasculature of the hamster cheek pouch in vivo. (2/2323)

1. This study used intravital microscopy to investigate the receptors stimulated by amylin which shares around 50% sequence homology with the vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the hamster cheek pouch microvasculature in vivo. 2. Receptor agonists dilated arterioles (diameters 20-40 microm). The -log of the concentrations (+/- s.e.mean; n = 8) causing 50% increase in arteriole diameter were: human betaCGRP (10.8 +/- 0.3), human alphaCGRP (10.8 +/- 0.4), rat alphaCGRP (10.4 +/- 0.3). Rat amylin and the CGRP2 receptor selective agonist [Cys(ACM2,7]-human alphaCGRP were 100 fold less potent (estimates were 8.5 +/- 0.4 and 8.2 +/- 0.3 respectively). 3. The GCRP1 receptor antagonist, CGRP8-37 (300 nmol kg(-1); i.v.) reversibly inhibited the increase in diameter evoked by human alphaCGRP (0.3 nM) from 178 +/- 22% to 59 +/- 12% (n = 8; P < 0.05) and by rat amylin (100 nM) from 138 +/- 23% to 68 +/- 24% (n = 6; P < 0.05). CGRP8-37 did not inhibit vasodilation evoked by substance P (10 nM; n = 4: P > 0.05). 4. The amylin receptor antagonist, amylin8-37 (300 nmol kg(-1); i.v.) did not significantly inhibit the increase in diameter evoked by human alphaCGRP (0.3 nM) which was 112 +/- 26% in the absence, and 90 +/- 29% in the presence of antagonist (n = 4; P < 0.05); nor that evoked by rat amylin (100 nM) which was 146 +/- 23% in the absence and 144 +/- 32% in the presence of antagonist (n = 4; P > 0.05). 5. The agonist profile for vasodilatation and the inhibition of this dilatation by CGRP8-37, although not the amylin8-37 indicates that amylin causes vasodilatation through interaction with CGRP1 receptors in the hamster cheek pouch. (+info)

Spread of vasodilatation and vasoconstriction along feed arteries and arterioles of hamster skeletal muscle. (3/2323)

1. In arterioles of the hamster cheek pouch, vasodilatation and vasoconstriction can spread via the conduction of electrical signals through gap junctions between cells that comprise the vessel wall. However, conduction in resistance networks supplying other tissues has received relatively little attention. In anaesthetized hamsters, we have investigated the spread of dilatation and constriction along feed arteries and arterioles of the retractor muscle, which is contiguous with the cheek pouch. 2. When released from a micropipette, acetylcholine (ACh) triggered vasodilatation that spread rapidly along feed arteries external to the muscle and arterioles within the muscle. Responses were independent of changes in wall shear rate, perivascular nerve activity, or release of nitric oxide, indicating cell-to-cell conduction. 3. Vasodilatation conducted without decrement along unbranched feed arteries, yet decayed markedly in arteriolar networks. Thus, branching of the conduction pathway dissipated the vasodilatation. 4. Noradrenaline (NA) or a depolarizing KCl stimulus evoked constriction of arterioles and feed arteries of the retractor muscle that was constrained to the vicinity of the micropipette. This behaviour contrasts sharply with the conduction of vasodilatation in these microvessels and with the conduction of vasoconstriction elicited by NA and KCl in cheek pouch arterioles. 5. Focal electrical stimulation produced constriction that spread rapidly along feed arteries and arterioles. These responses were inhibited by tetrodotoxin or prazosin, confirming the release of NA along perivascular sympathetic nerves, which are absent from arterioles studied in the cheek pouch. Thus, sympathetic nerve activity co-ordinated the contraction of smooth muscle cells as effectively as the conduction of vasodilatation co-ordinated their relaxation. 6. In the light of previous findings in the cheek pouch, the properties of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation in feed arteries and arterioles of the retractor muscle indicate that substantive differences can exist in the nature of signal transmission along microvessels of tissues that differ in structure and function. (+info)

Neovascularization at the vascular pole region in diabetic glomerulopathy. (4/2323)

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy is associated with renal structural changes involving all of the compartments. Most characteristic is the diabetic glomerulopathy. Studies of the histological changes during the early phases of nephropathy have included the glomerulopathy and also the juxtaglomerular structures. Neovascularization, well-known in diabetic retinopathy, has also been observed in the kidney. The present study concerns estimates of frequency of neovascularization at the vascular pole region in early stages of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: Extra efferent arterioles at the glomerular vascular pole were detected during measurements of the vascular pole area applying 1-microm serial sections through kidney biopsies. It was observed that more than one efferent arteriole existed occasionally. The present study was carried out with the aim of estimating the frequency of this phenomenon in diabetic patients and in non-diabetic controls, the diabetic patients categorized according to the level of albumin excretion rate. RESULTS: Neovascularization was first observed in IDDM patients with microalbuminuria. Some of the cases presented the phenomenon in all of the glomeruli studied. As the examinations of many kidney biopsies continued the phenomenon was observed also in the non-diabetic control group and in one IDDM patient with normoalbuminuria. However, the frequency was statistically highly significantly increased in patients with elevated albumin-excretion. Within this group a strong correlation between frequency of neovascularization and the severity of diabetic glomerulopathy is seen. CONCLUSIONS: The vascular abnormality localized to the vascular pole region is observed occasionally in the normal kidney, but the frequency is increased in patients with diabetic glomerulopathy. The abnormality may develop as a consequence of a long-standing diabetic glomerulopathy and might lead to less pronounced elevation of albumin excretion. (+info)

Inhibition of NO synthesis or endothelium removal reveals a vasoconstrictor effect of insulin on isolated arterioles. (5/2323)

In this study we tested the hypothesis that insulin may differentially affect isolated arterioles from red (RGM) and white gastrocnemius muscles (WGM) because of their differences in function and metabolic profile. We also determined whether the responses of these arterioles are endothelium dependent and mediated by either prostaglandins or nitric oxide (NO). Arterioles were isolated, pressurized to 85 mmHg, equilibrated in Krebs bicarbonate-buffered solution (pH 7.4) gassed with 10% O2 (5% CO2-85% N2), and studied in a no-flow state. Control diameters for first-order arterioles from RGM averaged 77 +/- 8 micrometers and from WGM averaged 77 +/- 5 micrometers. Cumulative dose-response curves to insulin (10 microU/ml, 100 microU/ml, 1 mU/ml, and 10 mU/ml) were obtained in arterioles before and after endothelium removal or administration of either indomethacin (Indo, 10(-5) M) or NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 10(-4) M). Insulin evoked concentration-dependent increases in control diameter of intact RGM and WGM arterioles of 6-26% and 9-28%, respectively. Indo was without any effect on insulin-induced dilation in RGM and WGM arterioles. Insulin-evoked dilation in both RGM and WGM arterioles was completely inhibited and converted to vasoconstriction by endothelium removal and administration of L-NNA. These results indicate that in endothelium-intact arterioles from RGM and WGM, insulin evokes an endothelium-dependent dilation that is equivalent and mediated by NO. In contrast, in the absence of a functional endothelium, insulin evokes arteriolar constriction. The finding that insulin can constrict arterioles, at physiological concentrations, suggests that insulin may play a more significant role in the regulation of vascular tone and total peripheral resistance than previously appreciated. (+info)

Conducted signals within arteriolar networks initiated by bioactive amino acids. (6/2323)

Our purpose was to determine the specificity of L-arginine (L-Arg)-induced conducted signals for intra- vs. extracellular actions of L-Arg. Diameter and red blood cell velocities were measured for arterioles [18 +/- 1.6 (SE) micrometer] in the cremaster muscle of pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized (Nembutal, 70 mg/kg) hamsters (n = 53). Remote (conducted) responses were viewed approximately 1,000 micrometer upstream from the local (micropipette) application. Six amino acids were tested: L-arginine, L-cystine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-histidine, and L-aspartate (100 microM each). Only L-Arg induced a remote dilation; L-lysine and L-aspartate had no effect, and the others each induced a significant remote constriction. There is a second conducted signal initiated by L-arginine that preconditions the arteriolar network and upregulates a direct response of L-arginine to dilate the remote site. This was blocked by inhibition of L-arginine uptake at the local (preconditioning) site (100 microM L-histidine or 1 mM phenformin). Arginine-glycine-aspartate (100 microM)-induced remote dilations (+3. 2 +/- 0.3 micrometer) were not mimicked by a peptide control and were prevented by anti- integrin alphav monoclonal antibody. Remote dilations were greater in animals with a higher wall shear stress for arginine-glycine-aspartate (r2 = 0.92) but not for L-arginine (r2 = 0.12). Thus L-arginine initiates separate conducted signals related to system y+ transport, integrins, and baseline flow. (+info)

Endothelin antagonists block alpha1-adrenergic constriction of coronary arterioles. (7/2323)

We have previously observed that intracoronary administration of the alpha1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE) over a period of minutes induced both an immediate and long-lasting (2 h) vasoconstriction of epicardial coronary arterioles. Because it is unlikely that alpha1-adrenergic constriction would persist for hours after removal of the agonist, this observation supports the view that another constrictor(s) is released during alpha1-adrenergic activation and induces the prolonged vasoconstriction. Therefore, we hypothesized that the prolonged microvascular constriction after PE is due to the production of endothelin (ET). We focused on ET not only because this peptide produces potent vasoconstriction but also because its vasoconstrictor action is characterized by a long duration. To test this hypothesis, the diameters of coronary arterioles (<222 micrometers) in the beating heart of pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs with stroboscopic intravital microscopy were measured during a 15-min intracoronary infusion of PE (1 microgram. kg-1 . min-1) and at 15-min intervals for a total of 120 min. All experiments were performed in the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol. At 120 min, arterioles in the PE group were constricted (-23 +/- 9% change in diameter vs. baseline). Pretreatment with the ET-converting enzyme inhibitor phosphoramidon or the ETA-receptor antagonist FR-139317 prevented the PE-induced constriction at 120 min (-1 +/- 3 and -6 +/- 3%, respectively, P < 0.01 vs. PE). Pretreatment with the selective alpha1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin (Prz) also prevented the sustained constriction (0 +/- 2%, P < 0.01 vs. PE) but Prz given 60 min after PE infusion did not (-13 +/- 3%). In the aggregate, these results show that vasoconstriction of epicardial coronary arterioles via alpha1-adrenergic activation is blocked by an ET antagonist and an inhibitor of its production. From these data, we conclude that alpha1-adrenergic activation promotes the production and/or release of ET, which produces or facilitates microvascular constriction of epicardial canine coronary arterioles. (+info)

Flow regulation of ecNOS and Cu/Zn SOD mRNA expression in porcine coronary arterioles. (8/2323)

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that increased flow through coronary arterioles increases endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) mRNA expression. Single porcine coronary arterioles (ID 100-160 micrometers; pressurized) were cannulated, perfused, and exposed to intraluminal flow sufficient to produce maximal flow-induced dilation of coronary arterioles (high flow; 7.52 +/- 0.22 microliter/min), low flow (0.84 +/- 0.05 microliter/min), or no flow for 2 or 4 h. Mean shear stress was calculated to be 5.7 +/- 1.0 dyn/cm2 for high-flow arterioles and 1. 6 +/- 1.0 dyn/cm2 for low-flow arterioles. At the end of the treatment period, mRNA was isolated from each vessel, and ecNOS and SOD mRNA expression was assessed using a semiquantitative RT-PCR. All data were standardized by coamplifying ecNOS or SOD with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The results indicate that ecNOS mRNA expression is increased in arterioles exposed to 2 or 4 h of high flow. In contrast, SOD mRNA expression was increased only after 4 h of high flow. Neither gene is induced by exposure to low flow. On the basis of these data, we concluded that ecNOS and SOD mRNA expression is regulated by flow in porcine coronary arterioles. In addition, we concluded that a threshold level of flow and shear stress must be sustained to elicit the upregulation of ecNOS and SOD mRNA expression. (+info)

There are five types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the arterioles; the capillaries ... In general, arteries and arterioles transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body and its organs, and veins and venules ... There are various kinds of blood vessels: Arteries Elastic arteries Distributing arteries Arterioles Capillaries (smallest ... Blood is propelled through arteries and arterioles through pressure generated by the heartbeat. Blood vessels also transport ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vessel

Prominent arterioles. Angiolymphatic invasion common. Up to 10-15 mitotic figures per 10 HPF in most active areas. Tongue-like ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_stromal_sarcoma

... contraction of arterioles; dilatation of bronchioles; increased levels of blood sugar; sweating; widening of the pupils and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon–Bard_theory

Affects capillaries, venules, or arterioles. Thought to be part of a group that includes granulomatosis with polyangiitis since ... Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Systemic vasculitis of medium and small arteries, including venules and arterioles. ... or arterioles. Therefore, complement will be low with histology showing vessel inflammation with immune deposits. Vasculitis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_vasculitis

Dilate arterioles to skeletal muscle. In the normal eye, beta-2 stimulation by salbutamol increases intraocular pressure via ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-2_adrenergic_receptor

There, arterioles control the flow of blood to the capillaries. Arterioles contract and relax, varying their diameter and ... The microvessels include terminal arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, and venules. Arterioles carry oxygenated blood to the ... Metarterioles connect arterioles and capillaries. A tributary to the venules is known as a thoroughfare channel. The ... Arterioles respond to metabolic stimuli that are generated in the tissues. When tissue metabolism increases, catabolic products ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcirculation

As with the arteriole distribution, the veins follow the same pattern: the interlobular provide blood to the arcuate veins then ... Each arcuate artery supplies several interlobular arteries that feed into the afferent arterioles that supply the glomeruli. ... Note 4: The efferent arterioles do not directly drain into the interlobular vein, but rather they go to the peritubular ... The efferent arterioles of the juxtamedullary nephron drain into the vasa recta. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal

Immediately following the arterioles are the capillaries. Following the logic observed in the arterioles, we expect the blood ... This is why[citation needed] the arterioles have the highest pressure-drop. The pressure drop of the arterioles is the product ... In the arterioles blood pressure is lower than in the major arteries. This is due to bifurcations, which cause a drop in ... The high resistance observed in the arterioles, which factor largely in the ∆P is a result of a smaller radius of about 30 µm. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemodynamics

"Significance of bright plaques in the retinal arterioles". JAMA. 178: 23-29. doi:10.1001/jama.1961.03040400025005. PMC 1316410 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hollenhorst

ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes > Diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99) > Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries ( ... ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Codes > Diseases of the circulatory system (390-459) > Diseases of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromelalgia

Hollenhorst RW (1961). "Significance of bright plaques in the retinal arterioles". JAMA. 178: 23-29. doi:10.1001/jama. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollenhorst_plaque

In some subjects, arterioles and venules can be seen to run parallel with each other. Paired arterioles are generally smaller ... The bulbar conjunctival microvasculature contains arterioles, meta-arterioles, venules, capillaries, and communicating vessels ... Hypertension is associated with an increase in the tortuosity of bulbar conjunctival blood vessels and capillary and arteriole ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunctiva

Efferent arterioles appear to play a lesser role; experimental evidence supports both vasoconstriction and vasodilation, with ... The muscle tension in the afferent arteriole is modified based on the difference between the sensed concentration and a target ... Constricting the smooth muscle cells in the afferent arteriole, results in a reduced concentration of chloride at the MD. TGF ... Adenosine constricts the afferent arteriole by binding with high affinity to the A1 receptors a Gi/Go. Adenosine binds with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubuloglomerular_feedback

Another determinant of vascular resistance is the pre-capillary arterioles. These arterioles are less than 100 μm in diameter. ... Because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of vessel radius, changes to arteriole diameter can result in ... known as resistance arterioles) tone. These vessels are from 450 μm down to 100 μm in diameter. (As a comparison, the diameter ... but the small arteries and arterioles are the site of about 70% of the pressure drop, and are the main regulators of SVR. When ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistance

... angiotensin II also constricts the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus in addition to the efferent arteriole it normally ... Prostaglandins normally dilate the afferent arterioles of the glomeruli. This helps maintain normal glomerular perfusion and ... Since NSAIDs block this prostaglandin-mediated effect of afferent arteriole dilation, particularly in kidney failure, NSAIDs ... which removes angiotensin II's vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole) and a diuretic (which drops plasma volume, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug

The myogenic mechanism is how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow ... This is especially relevant in arterioles of the body. When blood pressure is increased in the blood vessels and the blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myogenic_mechanism

... located on the afferent arteriole wall). This leads to renin secretion that causes the angiotensinogen conversion to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renovascular_hypertension

Hand-warming involves arteriole vasodilation produced by a beta-2 adrenergic hormonal mechanism. Hand-cooling involves ... Skin temperature mainly reflects arteriole diameter. Hand-warming and hand-cooling are produced by separate mechanisms, and ... arteriole vasoconstriction produced by the increased firing of sympathetic C-fibers. Biofeedback therapists use temperature ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofeedback

Left heart → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava → (Right heart) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterial_tree

The germinal centers are supplied by arterioles called penicilliary radicles. The spleen is innervated by the splenic plexus, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleen

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins make up the vasculature. The cardiovascular system circulates about 5 ... circulations take the blood through large arteries first and then branches into smaller arteries before reaching arterioles and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofluid_dynamics

Human arteries or arterioles that are around 0.2 mm or smaller contribute to creation of the blood flow resistance and are ... Resistance arteries are usually arterioles or end-points of arteries. Having thick muscular walls and narrow lumen they ... arterioles, pre- and postcapillaries. Metabolic vessels - capillaries Capacitance vessels - veins Particular feature of ... Arteriole Cardiovascular Physiology By William R. Milnor. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_artery

The occluded arterioles can be seen as dark red lines. They eventually turn into white silver-wire vessels. Stage of peripheral ... Salmon patches occur due to retinal hemorrhages, especially in mid-peripheral retina, adjacent to a retinal arteriole. Since ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_retinopathy

The arterioles end by opening freely into the splenic pulp; their walls become much attenuated, they lose their tubular ... The arterioles, supported by the minute trabeculae, traverse the pulp in all directions in bundles (penicilli) of straight ... The altered coat of the arterioles, consisting of adenoid tissue, presents here and there thickenings of a spheroidal shape, ... or central arterioles). Branches of the central arteries are given to the red pulp, and these are called penicillar arteries). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabecular_arteries

However, this assumption fails when considering forward flow within arterioles. At the microscopic scale, the effects of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomechanics

... s are substances or medications that preferentially dilate arterioles. When used on people with certain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteriolar_vasodilator

The germinal centers are supplied by arterioles called penicilliary radicles. Until the fifth month of prenatal development, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_system

The rest passes into an efferent arteriole. The diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than that of the afferent, and ... The arterioles from the renal circulation enter and leave the glomerulus at the vascular pole. The glomerular filtrate leaves ... Although the figure labels the efferent vessel as a vein, it is actually an arteriole.) Glomerulus is red; Bowman's capsule is ... Each glomerulus receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal circulation. The glomerular blood pressure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephron

"Renal Vasculature: Efferent Arterioles & Peritubular Capillaries". *Histology image: 15901lba - Histology Learning System at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlobar_arteries

The arterioles are thickened and occlusion by thrombi are occasionally present. Though a neuroma is a soft-tissue abnormality ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morton's_neuroma

Words related to arterioles:. = 48 && event.charCode <= 57 value="Num letters..." onfocus="inputFocus(this)" onblur="inputBlur ...

http://rhymezone.com/r/rhyme.cgi?Word=arterioles&org1=syl&org2=l&org3=y&typeofrhyme=syn

... hands caused by spasms in arterioles (small arteries) of the skin. Less commonly, the feet are affected. The fingers or toes ... of the smallest arteries, or arterioles, is reached. The threadlike arterioles carry blood to networks of microscopic vessels ... In arterioles, the tunica intima is still present as a lining covered by a layer of thin longitudinal fibres; however,… ... The transition from artery to arteriole is a gradual one, marked by a progressive thinning of the vessel wall and a decrease in ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/arteriole

... Arterioles are the smallests vessels of the arterial system, with a diameter of about 1/3 millimeter or ... OTHER ARTERIOLES: Most of the arterioles in the body are affected to at least some extent by local chemical factors that adjust ... This is determined by the lumped effects of all the arterioles in the body and is termed the total peripheral resistance. ... The arterioles are absolutely a key effector organ in the control of mean arterial pressure. Recall our model for the arterial ...

http://courses.washington.edu/conj/heart/arterioles2011.htm

Pulmonary arterioles are a noteworthy exception as they vasodilate in response to high oxygen. Brain arterioles are ... An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to ... Arterioles have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle) and are the primary site of vascular ... Arterioles receive autonomic nervous system innervation and respond to various circulating hormones in order to regulate their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteriole

Arteries and arterioles: …off short branches called the afferent arterioles, which carry blood to the glomeruli where they ... Other articles where Afferent arteriole is discussed: renal system: ... In renal system: Arteries and arterioles. …off short branches called the afferent arterioles, which carry blood to the ... of plasma so that the afferent arterioles skim off more plasma than cells. If the arteriolar blood pressure rises, the skimming ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/afferent-arteriole

The efferent arterioles are blood vessels that are part of the urinary tract of organisms. Efferent (from Latin ex + ferre) ... The efferent arterioles form a convergence of the capillaries of the glomerulus, and carry blood away from the glomerulus that ... The efferent arterioles of the juxtamedullary glomeruli are much different. They do break up, but they form bundles of vessels ... The efferent arterioles of the undifferentiated cortical glomeruli are the most complex. Promptly on leaving the glomerulus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efferent_arteriole

Afferent arterioles synonyms, Afferent arterioles pronunciation, Afferent arterioles translation, English dictionary definition ... of Afferent arterioles. adj. Carrying inward to a central organ or section, as nerves that conduct impulses from the periphery ... redirected from Afferent arterioles). Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. af·fer·ent. (ăf′ər-ənt). adj. ... But one key way hypertension hurts kidneys is by blunting the function of afferent arterioles, tiny blood vessels that feed the ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Afferent+arterioles

Definition of capillary arteriole. Provided by Stedmans medical dictionary and Drugs.com. Includes medical terms and ...

https://www.drugs.com/dict/capillary-arteriole.html

Efferent Arteriole. The efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus. Because it has a smaller diameter than the ... afferent arteriole, it creates some resistance to blood flow, producing the back-up of blood in the glomerulus which creates ...

http://www.innerbody.com/image_card08/card80-new.html

... very tiny branches coming off of my small artery and lets follow this one right here and this one is my arterial arteriole so ... even smaller artery lets call it small artery small artery from there were actually going to get into what we call arterioles ... here and actually a lot of that resistance and change in the constriction or vasoconstriction is happening at the arteriole ...

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/human-anatomy-and-physiology/heart-introduction/v/arteries-arterioles-venules-and-veins

precapillary arteriole synonyms, precapillary arteriole pronunciation, precapillary arteriole translation, English dictionary ... definition of precapillary arteriole. n. One of the small terminal branches of an artery, especially one that connects with a ... arteriole. (redirected from precapillary arteriole). Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia.. Related to precapillary ... arteriole. (ɑːˈtɪərɪˌəʊl) n. (Anatomy) anatomy any of the small subdivisions of an artery that form thin-walled vessels ending ...

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/precapillary+arteriole

Afferent arterioles were perfused at 60 mm Hg to provide some basal tone and incubated with graded concentration of H2O2 for 15 ... TP receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in microperfused afferent arterioles: role O2- and NO. Am J Physiol. 2000;48:F302-F308. ... Superoxide Modulates Myogenic Contractions of Mouse Afferent Arterioles. En Yin Lai, Anton Wellstein, William J. Welch, ... Angiotensin II, reactive oxygen species, and Ca2+ signaling in afferent arterioles. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2005;289:F1012- ...

http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/58/4/650

G. L. Baumbach, C. D. Sigmund, T. Bottiglieri, and S. R. Lentz, "Structure of cerebral arterioles in cystathionine β-synthase- ... G. L. Baumbach, C. D. Sigmund, and F. M. Faraci, "Structure of cerebral arterioles in mice deficient in expression of the gene ... G. L. Baumbach, S. P. Didion, and F. M. Faraci, "Hypertrophy of cerebral arterioles in mice deficient in expression of the gene ... G. L. Baumbach, P. B. Dobrin, M. N. Hart, and D. D. Heistad, "Mechanics of cerebral arterioles in hypertensive rats," ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijhy/2013/793630/ref/

Treatment of visceral arterioles with L-NAME (light gray, triangle symbol) completely abolished indomethacin-induced ... Arterioles from visceral fat exhibited impaired endothelium-dependent, acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation, compared to the ... Cyclooxygenase inhibition improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction of visceral adipose arterioles in human obesity.. Farb MG1 ... Vasomotor function was assessed in response to endothelium-dependent agonists using videomicroscopy of small arterioles from ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23640904

Synonyms for arteriole at Thesaurus.com with free online thesaurus, antonyms, and definitions. Find descriptive alternatives ... RELATED WORDS AND SYNONYMS FOR ARTERIOLE. blood vessel. nounblood flow pathway ...

https://www.thesaurus.com/browse/arteriole

... changes in neural activity to alterations in cerebral blood flow by eliciting vasoconstriction or vasodilation of arterioles. ... Brain metabolism dictates the polarity of astrocyte control over arterioles Nature. 2008 Dec 11;456(7223):745-9. doi: 10.1038/ ... changes in neural activity to alterations in cerebral blood flow by eliciting vasoconstriction or vasodilation of arterioles. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18971930/?dopt=Abstract

... Microvasc Res. 2008 Nov;76(3):217-23. doi: ... Notably, the constriction occurred only in the arterioles that were in closer proximity to the venules draining the retina. ... Acute administration of ozagrel reversed the constriction of the closely venule-paired arterioles. In summary, the results ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18718478/?dopt=Abstract

Effect of intermittent normoxia on muscularization of pulmonary arterioles induced by chronic hypoxia in rats.. Kay JM, Suyama ... We studied the effect of continuous and intermittent normoxia for 6 and 20 wk on the muscularization of pulmonary arterioles in ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6452844?dopt=Abstract

Arterioles of the Lenticular Nucleus in CADASIL. Qing Miao, Timo Paloneva, Seppo Tuisku, Susanna Roine, Minna Poyhonen, Matti ... Arterioles of the Lenticular Nucleus in CADASIL. Qing Miao, Timo Paloneva, Seppo Tuisku, Susanna Roine, Minna Poyhonen, Matti ... Arterioles of the Lenticular Nucleus in CADASIL. Qing Miao, Timo Paloneva, Seppo Tuisku, Susanna Roine, Minna Poyhonen, Matti ...

http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/early/2006/07/27/01.STR.0000236838.84150.c2

1. Measurements of the internal diameters and lengths of branchless segments of mesenteric arterioles of frogs and mice show ... Saunders and Knisely (63) found that the maximal internal diameters to which the terminal mesenteric arterioles can distend as ... Saunders and Knisely (63) found unagglutinated blood flowing at physiologic rates through terminal arterioles as narrow as, ...

http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/16357939/concerning-geometric-shapes-arteries-arterioles

This manuscript describes a simple and reproducible protocol for isolation of intracerebral arterioles (a group of blood ... a group of blood vessels encompassing parenchymal arterioles, penetrating arterioles and pre-capillary arterioles) from mice, ... This manuscript describes a simple and reproducible protocol for isolation of intracerebral arterioles ( ...

https://www.jove.com/v/53835/isolation-and-cannulation-of-cerebral-parenchymal-arterioles

Cadmium Toxicity on Arterioles Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Benny Washington 1,* , Shunta ... "Cadmium Toxicity on Arterioles Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats." Int. J. Environ. Res. Public ... Cadmium Toxicity on Arterioles Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. International Journal of ... Washington, B.; Williams, S.; Armstrong, P.; Mtshali, C.; Robinson, J.T.; Myles, E.L. Cadmium Toxicity on Arterioles Vascular ...

http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/3/4/323/xml

Parenchymal arterioles (PAs) are high-resistance vessels in the brain that connect pial vessels to the microcirculation. We ... BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Parenchymal arterioles (PAs) are high-resistance vessels in the brain that connect pial vessels to the ... Sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to calcium was measured in permeabilized arterioles using Staphylococcus aureus α- ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Postischemic-Reperfusion-Causes-Smooth-Muscle/24968928.html

reported that, in the retinal arterioles, UI caused vasodilation only in endothelin-1 (ET-1)-pre-contracted arterioles but did ... Previous studies have reported the involvement of various K channels in the vasodilation of the retinal arterioles [9,10,12,18, ... Dilation of retinal arterioles induced by UI. The basal tone in all vessels (n=38) ranged from 53% to 78% (average, ~59% ± 4%) ... Cannulated, pressurized arterioles were bathed in physiologic salt solution (PSS) with albumin (0.1%) at 36 to 37 °C to allow ...

http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v21/699/

Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a section through the wall of an arteriole, showing smooth muscle (brown), ... Caption: Arteriole. Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a section through the wall of an arteriole, showing ... Keywords: anatomical, anatomy, arteriole, basal lamina, basement lamina, basement membrane, biological, biology, blood vessel, ...

http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/442820/view

What is capillary arteriole? Meaning of capillary arteriole medical term. What does capillary arteriole mean? ... Looking for online definition of capillary arteriole in the Medical Dictionary? capillary arteriole explanation free. ... capillary arteriole. cap·il·lar·y ar·te·ri·ole. a minute artery that terminates in a capillary. ... Capillary arteriole , definition of capillary arteriole by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/capillary+arteriole

Arteriole (Science: anatomy) a minute artery, especially one that leads to a capillary. One of the small thin-walled arteries ... These arterioles get progressively smaller the more distanced they are from the heart, as most of the blood supply is required ... that end in capillaries.Arterioles are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to all over the body. ... Retrieved from "https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/index.php?title=Arteriole&oldid=83013" ...

https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Arteriole

Constriction of Pial Arterioles Produced by Prostaglandin F2α. WILLIAM I. ROSENBLUM ... Prostaglandin F2α constricted pial arterioles when locally applied to the cerebral surface. Norepinephrine and serotonin each ...

http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/6/3/293

Functional Assessment of Isolated Coronary Arterioles. Individual left ventricular subepicardial arterioles (≈1 mm in length; ... In coronary arterioles isolated from normotensive pigs, both adenosine (Figure 1A) and serotonin (Figure 1B) produced a dose- ... Coronary arterioles (5 to 7 vessels/sample, ≈100 μm inner diameter, 1 to 2 mm in length) from normotensive and hypertensive ... Coronary arterioles from normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) pigs were isolated and pressurized for in vitro study. NT ...

http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/44/6/935

In contrast, vasomotion and dynamic Ca2+ signals were rarely observed in ear arterioles of anesthetized exMLCK biosensor mice. ... In contrast, vasomotion and dynamic Ca2+ signals were rarely observed in ear arterioles of anesthetized exMLCK biosensor mice. ... In a typical arteriole with an average diameter of ~35 μm, oscillatory vasomotion of a 5-6 μm magnitude was accompanied by ... In a typical arteriole with an average diameter of ~35 μm, oscillatory vasomotion of a 5-6 μm magnitude was accompanied by ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2014.00387/full

The pulmonary artery distributes blood to the alveoli via intrapulmonary arteries and arterioles that follow the branching pattern of the airways. (rupress.org)
Mean blood pressure drops over the whole circulation, although most of the fall occurs along the small arteries and arterioles. (hyperleap.com)
The increased peripheral resistance in established hypertension is mainly attributable to structural narrowing of small arteries and arterioles, although a reduction in the number or density of capillaries may also contribute. (hyperleap.com)
Intracerebral parenchymal arterioles (PAs), which include parenchymal arterioles, penetrating arterioles and pre-capillary arterioles, are high resistance blood vessels branching out from pial arteries and arterioles and diving into the brain parenchyma. (unr.edu)
Arteries and arterioles are two types of blood vessels that mainly carry oxygenated blood . (pediaa.com)
The main difference between arteries and arterioles is that arteries are the major blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood whereas arterioles are the small branches of arteries that lead to capillaries . (pediaa.com)
The main function of both arteries and arterioles is to carry nutrients and oxygen to different types of tissues in the body. (pediaa.com)
Arteries and arterioles carry oxygenated blood. (pediaa.com)
Both arteries and arterioles occur together in a closed circulation system. (pediaa.com)
Both arteries and arterioles are elastic blood vessels, consisting of muscular walls. (pediaa.com)
Both arteries and arterioles consist of a lumen. (pediaa.com)
Both arteries and arterioles are under the control of the sympathetic nervous system. (pediaa.com)
Nephrosclerosis, hardening of the walls of the small arteries and arterioles (small arteries that convey blood from arteries to the even smaller capillaries) of the kidney. (kidneytreatment.site)
Similar to other vascular beds, retinal pressure autoregulation is thought to be mediated largely through the myogenic response of small arteries and arterioles which constrict when transmural pressure increases or dilate when it decreases. (disease-connect.org)

The threadlike arterioles carry blood to networks of microscopic vessels called capillaries, which supply nourishment and oxygen to the tissues and carry away carbon dioxide and other products of metabolism by way of the veins. (britannica.com)
An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries. (wikipedia.org)
The greatest change in blood pressure and velocity of blood flow occurs at the transition of arterioles to capillaries. (wikipedia.org)
off short branches called the afferent arterioles, which carry blood to the glomeruli where they divide into four to eight loops of capillaries in each glomerulus. (britannica.com)
The efferent arterioles form a convergence of the capillaries of the glomerulus, and carry blood away from the glomerulus that has already been filtered. (wikipedia.org)
One of the small thin-walled arteries that end in capillaries.Arterioles are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to all over the body . (biology-online.org)
The renal afferent and efferent arterioles regulate glomerular inflow and outflow resistances, thereby controlling the pressure within the intervening glomerular capillaries (PGC). (ahajournals.org)
We studied the localization of blood flow control in skeletal muscle by short-term microocclusions (30-60 seconds) of capillaries and arterioles of the pectoralis muscle in anesthetized frogs ( Rana pipiens ). (ahajournals.org)
Arteries branch into arterioles within organs and deliver blood to the capillaries. (gettyimages.it)
A metarteriole is a short microvessel in the microcirculation that links arterioles and capillaries. (hyperleap.com)
Arterioles are narrower arteries that branch off from the ends of arteries and carry blood to capillaries. (innerbody.com)
These arteries further branch into arterioles and capillaries at tissues . (pediaa.com)
Arterioles are the small branches of arteries that lead to capillaries. (pediaa.com)
Here we show that Notch signalling in endothelial cells leads to the expansion of haematopoietic stem cell niches in bone, which involves increases in CD31-positive capillaries and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ)-positive perivascular cells, arteriole formation and elevated levels of cellular stem cell factor. (nature.com)
This anatomical arrangement ideally positions capillaries to detect neuronal activity and communicate it to upstream arterioles. (pnas.org)

1) Diabetic retinopathy is a microangiopathy affecting precapillary arterioles and post-capillary venules. (thefreedictionary.com)
Notably, the constriction occurred only in the arterioles that were in closer proximity to the venules draining the retina. (nih.gov)
They discovered that people with FM had more vasodilation in the tiny little arterioles (smaller than arteries) that connect to the tiny little venules (smaller than veins) that connect to each other through shunts. (prohealth.com)
Yet these tiny arterioles and venules deliver oxygen and nutrients to energy-hungry brain cells and carry away wastes. (thefreedictionary.com)
Differences in the capsaicin-induced dilation of arterioles and venules in rat striated muscle. (aspetjournals.org)
Experiments were done to determine 1) whether capsaicin has similar effects on larger arterioles and venules and 2) whether relaxation involves endogenous CGRP and synthesis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. (aspetjournals.org)
N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester also blocked CGRP-induced dilation of both orders of venules, but not arterioles. (aspetjournals.org)
These data suggest that capsaicin-induced dilation may involve synthesis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in the venules but not in the arterioles. (aspetjournals.org)
A velocity profile equation for blood flow in small arterioles and venules of small mammals in vivo and an evaluation based on literature data. (biomedsearch.com)
An empirical parametric equation with 2 bluntness parameters was introduced for describing the velocity profile of blood in the small arterioles and venules of small mammals, in vivo, with the basic approximations of the axisymmetric flow in cylindrical geometry, zero velocity at the wall and a blunter than parabolic flow profile. (biomedsearch.com)
Leukocyte-endothelial interactions in pial arterioles and venules on development of cerebral ischemia in rats. (curehunter.com)
Specimens were obtained from 40 arterioles and 30 venules (diameter up to 40 micron) of the pia mater from Wistar rats (n = 7) subjected to ischemia for 5 h to respiratory arrest. (curehunter.com)
They are the smallest blood vessels in the body: they convey blood between the arterioles and venules. (hyperleap.com)
The middle layer is poorly developed so that venules have thinner walls than arterioles. (hyperleap.com)

One mechanism that can lower blood pressure is the direct dilation of arterioles by docosahexaenoic metabolites. (elsevier.com)
The constriction and the dilation of arterioles are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system . (pediaa.com)
The constriction of arterioles causes the blood pressure to increase while dilation of arterioles causes the blood pressure to decrease. (pediaa.com)
Any reduction in the availability of NO due to increased levels of superoxide released by high pressure in the arterioles (or in response to other pathophysiological alterations in hypertension) would likely cause an impaired dilation of arterioles in response to shear stress- and other NO-dependent vasodilator stimuli, leading to the maintained elevation of wall shear stress and peripheral vascular resistance that exists in hypertension. (alpfmedical.info)

First, let's make a list of the most important factors causing vasoconstriction or vasodilation in arterioles. (washington.edu)
Sympathetic nerves control the skin arterioles for this purpose, with greater release of norepinephrine causing vasoconstriction . (washington.edu)
Other mechanisms of Amphotericin B induced nephrotoxicity suggested in the literature are direct toxic effects to the afferent arterioles and tubules and direct renal and systemic vasoconstriction. (thefreedictionary.com)
Calcium signalling in astrocytes couples changes in neural activity to alterations in cerebral blood flow by eliciting vasoconstriction or vasodilation of arterioles. (nih.gov)
Postischemic Reperfusion Causes Smooth Muscle Calcium Sensitization and Vasoconstriction of Parenchymal Arterioles. (biomedsearch.com)
Vasoconstriction must be balanced with vasodilation, particularly in the arterioles that supply tissues with blood. (sciencemag.org)
9 10 Moreover, we have shown that Ang II-induced afferent vasoconstriction is closely coupled to membrane depolarization, whereas the contractile response of the efferent arteriole to Ang II is fully dissociated from changes in membrane potential. (ahajournals.org)
Gonadectomy potentiated the responsiveness of the afferent arteriole to ET B -induced vasoconstriction in females, but not males, suggesting that female sex hormones influence ET B -mediated vasoconstriction in the renal microcirculation. (springer.com)
Effects of endothelin receptor antagonist on cyclosporine-induced vasoconstriction in isolated rat renal arterioles. (semanticscholar.org)
Dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to nitroglycerin and vasoconstriction in response to the thromboxane analogue (U-46619) were similar in non-ethanol- fed and ethanol-fed rats. (elsevier.com)

The efferent arterioles are blood vessels that are part of the urinary tract of organisms. (wikipedia.org)
The efferent arterioles of the undifferentiated cortical glomeruli are the most complex. (wikipedia.org)
The efferent arterioles of the juxtamedullary glomeruli are much different. (wikipedia.org)
To compensate, the efferent arterioles constrict to a greater degree than the other arteries, in response to increased levels of angiotensin II. (wikipedia.org)
27) has measured renal arteriolar diameter using a vascular cast technique and have found that the afferent arterioles were constricted while the efferent arterioles were dilated in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. (thefreedictionary.com)
The effects of atriopeptin III (AP III) on in vitro prepared afferent (AA) and efferent arterioles (EA) from rat kidneys were tested in a system in which lumen diameter could be measured. (physiology.org)
Nifedipine blocked the Ang II-induced Ca 2+ influx in afferent arterioles but not in efferent arterioles. (ahajournals.org)
SKF 96365 inhibited Ang II-induced Ca 2+ entry in efferent arterioles and CPA-induced Ca 2+ entry in efferent myocytes over identical concentrations. (ahajournals.org)
2 The relative reactivity of the afferent versus efferent arterioles to vasoconstrictors is also modified by physiological or pathophysiological conditions. (ahajournals.org)
The possible role of store-operated Ca 2+ influx was investigated using myocytes freshly dispersed from individually isolated afferent and efferent arterioles. (ahajournals.org)
Nitric oxide synthase inhibition activates L- and T-type Ca2+ channels in afferent and efferent arterioles. (semanticscholar.org)

Because arginase has recently been shown to modulate NO-mediated dilation of coronary arterioles by reducing l -arginine availability, we hypothesized that upregulation of vascular arginase in hypertension contributes to decreased NO-mediated vasodilation. (ahajournals.org)
Coronary arterioles from normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) pigs were isolated and pressurized for in vitro study. (ahajournals.org)
These results suggest that NO-mediated dilation of coronary arterioles is inhibited in hypertension by an increase in arginase activity in EC, which limits l -arginine availability to NOS for NO production. (ahajournals.org)
We have recently documented the constitutive expression of arginase-I in porcine coronary arterioles and demonstrated its functional role in modulating coronary microvascular tone under physiological 12 and pathophysiological conditions. (ahajournals.org)
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of coronary arterioles was investigated in DM ( n = 41) and non-DM ( n = 37) patients undergoing heart surgery. (diabetesjournals.org)
Previously, we demonstrated that in a mouse model of type 2 DM ( db / db mice), WSS-induced dilation is diminished in coronary arterioles, which is due to the reduced availability of nitric oxide (NO) ( 10 , 11 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Vascular endothelium contains cytochrome P-450 epoxygenases that transform the n-6 fatty acid arachidonate into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), potent dilators of coronary arterioles and activators of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK Ca ) channels. (elsevier.com)
n = 5) BK Ca channels in myocytes from the porcine coronary arterioles. (elsevier.com)

The transition from artery to arteriole is a gradual one, marked by a progressive thinning of the vessel wall and a decrease in the size of the lumen, or passageway. (britannica.com)
The vessel is an arteriole, a small artery. (fineartamerica.com)
Layers in an artery and arteriole. (brainscape.com)
While these studies provided valuable information, it is difficult to know how well the responses of SMCs of the pulmonary artery reflect the physiology of small intrapulmonary arterioles. (rupress.org)
Arterioles are the smallest type of artery. (medicalnewstoday.com)
We demonstrate that this conjugated nanoparticle binds to CVA deposits in arterioles of AD transgenic mice (Tg2576) after infusion into the external carotid artery using 3 different approaches. (elsevier.com)

However, the arterioles of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and pulmonary circulation vasodilate in response to these hormones when they act on beta-adrenergic receptors. (wikipedia.org)
In skeletal muscle arterioles, this feedback can be activated by Ca 2+ signals passing from smooth muscle through gap junctions to endothelial cells, which protrude through holes in the internal elastic lamina to make contact with vascular smooth muscle cells. (sciencemag.org)
Skeletal muscle arterioles dilate in response to application of acetylcholine (ACh), eliciting a conducted vasodilation (CVD) that travels along unbranched segments without decrement. (umsystem.edu)
On the basis of studies of endothelial cells in culture, suggesting that platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) is specifically involved in sensing and coupling high temporal gradients of fluid shear stress with activation of eNOS, we hypothesized that dilations of isolated skeletal muscle arterioles from PECAM-1 knockout mice (PECAM-KO) will be reduced to rapid increases in WSS elicited by increases in perfusate flow. (ahajournals.org)
Nitric oxide-dependent relaxation and prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation are both impaired in skeletal muscle arterioles of spontaneously hypertensive rats. (alpfmedical.info)

Arterioles are the smallests vessels of the arterial system, with a diameter of about 1/3 millimeter or smaller. (washington.edu)
An increase in the media to lumenal diameter ratio has been observed in hypertensive arterioles (arteriolosclerosis) as the vascular wall thickens and/or lumenal diameter decreases. (wikipedia.org)
Arterioles receive autonomic nervous system innervation and respond to various circulating hormones in order to regulate their diameter. (wikipedia.org)
Because it has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole, it creates some resistance to blood flow, producing the back-up of blood in the glomerulus which creates higher pressure in the glomerular cavity. (innerbody.com)
Saunders and Knisely (63) found unagglutinated blood flowing at physiologic rates through terminal arterioles as narrow as, depending upon species, from 5 to 7.7 micra in diameter. (ebscohost.com)
In a typical arteriole with an average diameter of ~35 μm, oscillatory vasomotion of a 5-6 μm magnitude was accompanied by nearly uniform [Ca 2+ ] oscillations from ~0.1 to 0.5 μM, with maximum [Ca 2+ ] occurring immediately before the rapid decrease in diameter. (frontiersin.org)
Porcine retinal arterioles (60-90 µm in internal diameter) were isolated, cannulated and pressurized (55 cmH 2 O) without flow for in vitro study. (arvojournals.org)
10 −6 to 5×10 −5 mol/L) were studied in cannulated and pressurized gracilis muscle arterioles (≈75 μm in diameter) isolated from 12-week-old male SHR before and after incubation with 10 −9 mol/L 17β-estradiol (17β-E 2 ) for 16 to 18 hours. (ahajournals.org)
After incubation with 17β-E 2 , basal diameter of arterioles was significantly increased (by ≈10%), and flow-induced dilation was significantly enhanced (79.8±2.9 versus 103.7±3.7 μm at 25 μL/min), resulting in a lowered shear stress (62.0±9.1 versus 32.5±4.2 dyne/cm 2 ). (ahajournals.org)
Gonadectomy had no significant effect on control arteriole diameter. (springer.com)
Selective ET B receptor activation by S6c induced a concentration-dependent decline in afferent arteriole diameter, with 10 −8 M S6c decreasing diameter by 77 ± 3 and 76 ± 3% in sham male and female rats, respectively. (springer.com)
To study the effect of an acute increase in the arterial blood pressure on the diameter response of retinal arterioles supplying areas with focal diabetic macular oedema before and after laser photocoagulation, and control arterioles supplying areas without oedema. (bmj.com)
In 17 diabetic patients the diameter response of arterioles after an increase in the arterial blood pressure induced by isometric exercise was studied using the retinal vessel analyser (RVA). (bmj.com)
In each patient a study arteriole supplying a focal area of macular oedema as well as a control arteriole supplying a retinal area without retinopathy lesions was selected, and the diameter response of these vessels was performed immediately before, and 1 hour and 3 months after focal laser photocoagulation of the focal oedema area. (bmj.com)
The diameter response was impaired in both study arterioles and control arterioles before focal laser photocoagulation. (bmj.com)
The treatment induced regression of the focal retinal oedema, but did not affect the diameter response in the arteriole supplying this area (p = 0.85). (bmj.com)
Impairment of the diameter response in small arterioles from diabetic patients does not parallel the regional distribution of retinopathy lesions. (bmj.com)
What are the local and reflex mechanisms for the control of arteriole diameter. (brainscape.com)
The arteriolar myogenic response, described as the ability of arterioles to regulate their diameter to changes in intra-luminal pressure, is prominent in the control of vascular resistance, autoregulation of blood flow and control of capillary hydrostatic pressure. (umsystem.edu)
The overall aim of the studies described in this dissertation was to investigate the relationships amongst intraluminal pressure, arteriolar myogenic tone, and transient intracellular Ca2+ regulation with particular emphasis on the mechanisms underlying the generation and propagation of Ca2+ waves.First order arterioles (passive diameter 100 - 200 μm) were dissected from the cremaster muscle tissue of male Sprague Dawley rats. (umsystem.edu)
Using intravital microscopy, we measured diameter of cerebral arterioles in non-ethanol- and ethanol-fed rats in response to acetylcholine, histamine, ADP, the thromboxane analogue (U- 46619), and nitroglycerin. (elsevier.com)

7 Recently, ROS have been implicated in the enhanced myogenic contractions of renal afferent arterioles from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), 8 although the more modest myogenic contractions of normotensive rats were independent of ROS. (ahajournals.org)
Background -Endothelial nitric oxide (NO)-mediated responses are impaired in arterioles of male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), but they are still present in female SHR. (ahajournals.org)
Agonists such as norepineph-rine and acetylcholine also cause an increased release of the endothelium-dependent vasoconstrictors thromboxane A2 and/or PGH2 in arterioles and resistance arteries of hypertensive rats, leading to a reduced sensitivity to acetylcholine and to an enhanced vasoconstrictor response to norepinephrine. (alpfmedical.info)
As noted earlier, arteriolar dilation in response to the physiological stimulus of increased flow or shear stress is also impaired in arterioles of hypertensive rats. (alpfmedical.info)
The impaired relaxation of arterioles of spontaneously hypertensive rats in response to increased flow and shear stress appears to be due to an impairment of the NO-mediated portion of flow-dependent dilation, but may also involve an enhanced release of endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factors such as PGH2. (alpfmedical.info)

Fluorescence deconvolution micrograph of a section through kidney tissue, showing an arteriole (upper right to lower left), a small arterial blood vessel. (sciencephoto.com)
For example, angiotensin II (Ang II), which is capable of constricting both vessels, 3 preferentially constricts the efferent arteriole in the setting of renal arterial stenosis, thereby maintaining PGC and GFR in the face of reduced perfusion pressure. (ahajournals.org)
The elastic tissue adds structural integrity to arterial and larger arteriolar walls during pulsatile distension from higher intravascular pressure, and the retained muscular layer in small arterioles helps provide an important component of the pre-capillary sphincter mechanism, whereby regulation of blood flow to capillary beds occurs. (arkanalabs.com)
Atherosclerosis , as well as, arterial stenosis may affect the blood flow through the arteriole. (pediaa.com)

We studied the effect of continuous and intermittent normoxia for 6 and 20 wk on the muscularization of pulmonary arterioles in rats with chronic hypoxic hypertension. (nih.gov)
4] causes inflammation resulting in arteriole occlusion and hypertension," said Joanne Quan, MD, Chief Medical Officer at Eiger. (thefreedictionary.com)
It has been proposed that the elevated hemodynamic forces present in hypertension may initiate alterations of signaling pathways in the endothelium and smooth muscle cells of arterioles that could, in turn, enhance the release of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide. (alpfmedical.info)

Effect of intermittent normoxia on muscularization of pulmonary arterioles induced by chronic hypoxia in rats. (nih.gov)
Control afferent arteriole diameters at 100 mmHg were similar between sham male and female rats averaging 14.6 ± 0.3 and 15.3 ± 0.3 μm, respectively. (springer.com)
In non-ethanol-fed rats, acetylcholine, histamine, and ADP produced dose-related dilatation of cerebral arterioles. (elsevier.com)

Although ET-1, the predominant endogenous isoform of ET, has been shown to cause constriction of retinal vessels, the expression and functional significance of its synthesis and the involved specific ET receptors in retinal arterioles remain unknown. (arvojournals.org)
The authors examined the roles of ET A and ET B receptors and of endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE)-1 in ET-1-induced vasomotor responses of single retinal arterioles. (arvojournals.org)
ET-1 elicits constriction of retinal arterioles predominantly through the activation of smooth muscle ET A receptors. (arvojournals.org)
Sympathetic nerve stimulation causes a constriction of submucosal arterioles that is mediated by ATP acting at P2 receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
These data indicate that P2X receptors mediate constriction of submucosal arterioles. (aspetjournals.org)
RePub, Erasmus University Repository: Facilitated diffusion of angiotensin II from perivascular interstitium to AT1 receptors of the arteriole. (eur.nl)
Background: A kinetic model for the binding of angiotensin (Ang) II to AT1 receptors (AT1R) in arterioles in vivo did suggest a novel mechanism of stimulus amplification. (eur.nl)
These results indicate that 5-HT, acting via 5-HT 2 receptors, induces arteriole contraction by initiating Ca 2+ oscillations and that KCl induces contraction via Ca 2+ transients resulting from the overfilling of internal Ca 2+ stores. (rupress.org)
Activation of GLP-1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells reduces the autoregulatory response in afferent arterioles and increases renal blood flow. (semanticscholar.org)
We further show that PIP 2 depletion through activation of G q protein-coupled receptors (G q PCRs) cripples capillary-to-arteriole signal transduction in vitro and in vivo, highlighting the potential regulatory linkage between G q PCR-dependent and electrical neurovascular-coupling mechanisms. (pnas.org)

The process of hyalinosis invariably also affects the glomerular arteriole in moderately advanced diabetic nephropathy. (thefreedictionary.com)

This manuscript describes a simple and reproducible protocol for isolation of intracerebral arterioles (a group of blood vessels encompassing parenchymal arterioles, penetrating arterioles and pre-capillary arterioles) from mice, to be used in pressure myography, immunofluorescence, biochemistry, and molecular studies. (jove.com)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Parenchymal arterioles (PAs) are high-resistance vessels in the brain that connect pial vessels to the microcirculation. (biomedsearch.com)

We previously found that capsaicin can dilate third-order arterioles in striated muscle by a mechanism that appears to involve release of endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). (aspetjournals.org)
They found a reduced ability to dilate of the brain arterioles in patients with MS in respect to control participants. (jamanetwork.com)

Thus, rat kidneys with oxidative stress caused by transforming growth factor-β 9 or by a high salt intake and angiotensin II infusion 10 had impaired myogenic responses that were preserved by the redox-cycling nitroxide Tempol, 11 whereas exposure of cerebral arterioles to ROS abolished autoregulation. (ahajournals.org)
Prostaglandin F 2α constricted pial arterioles when locally applied to the cerebral surface. (ahajournals.org)
These arterioles are a central player in the regulation of cerebral blood flow both globally (cerebrovascular autoregulation) and locally (functional hyperemia). (unr.edu)
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ethanol exposure on responses of cerebral arterioles in vivo. (elsevier.com)
Thus these findings suggest that chronic ethanol exposure impairs responses of cerebral arterioles to agonists, which produce dilatation via the release of an endothelium-derived relaxing factor. (elsevier.com)
Mayhan, W 1992, ' Responses of cerebral arterioles during chronic ethanol exposure ', American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology , vol. 262, no. 3 31-3. (elsevier.com)
Our data suggests that from young to middle-age, a well-regulated capillary oxygen supply maintains the oxygen availability in cerebral tissue, despite decreased tissue pO 2 next to arterioles. (nature.com)
Notable in this context, we recently reported that increases in extracellular K + concentration ([K + ] o ), such as those evoked by neuronal activity, trigger an ascending hyperpolarizing signal that dilates upstream arterioles and enhances capillary red blood cell (RBC) flux and cerebral blood flow ( 3 ). (pnas.org)

Porcine retinal arterioles were isolated, cannulated, and pressurized without flow in vitro. (molvis.org)
To exclude systemic confounding effects, porcine retinal arterioles were isolated for vasoreactivity and molecular studies. (arvojournals.org)

Arterioles were cannulated, pressurized and superperfused with a modified Krebs buffer solution at 34oC and allowed to develop spontaneous myogenic tone. (umsystem.edu)
Here, we review and extend previous work on the expression and spatial distribution of the plasma membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum ion channels present in retinal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and discuss their contribution to pressure-induced myogenic tone in retinal arterioles. (disease-connect.org)

Furthermore, 7-NI treatment abolished the glutamate-induced dilatation of pial arterioles. (elsevier.com)
We conclude that NO may be involved in aprikalim-induced dilation of pial arterioles. (elsevier.com)

A number of hormones influence arteriole tone such as angiotensin II (vasoconstrictive), endothelin (vasoconstrictive), bradykinin (vasodilation), atrial natriuretic peptide (vasodilation), and prostacyclin (vasodilation). (wikipedia.org)
Afferent arteriole responsiveness to endothelin receptor activation: does sex matter? (springer.com)
Attenuated vasoconstrictor responses to endothelin in afferent arterioles during a high-salt diet. (semanticscholar.org)

Myogenic mechanisms in the afferent arteriole are incompletely understood. (ahajournals.org)
The present study was undertaken to determine whether Ang II activates distinct Ca 2+ entry mechanisms in the afferent and efferent arteriole. (ahajournals.org)

FRET-based biosensor mice and two-photon imaging provided the first measurements of [Ca 2+ ] in vascular smooth muscle cells in arterioles of conscious animals. (frontiersin.org)
Endothelial cells protrude through holes in the internal elastic lamina in arterioles to make contact with vascular smooth muscle cells. (sciencemag.org)
METHODS AND Results: The model was refined in order to account for geometric characteristics of the vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells in arterioles with a single VSM cell layer. (eur.nl)

constriction of small arteries (arterioles), which causes an increase in blood pressure. (britannica.com)
The muscular contraction of arterioles is targeted by drugs that lower blood pressure (antihypertensives), for example the dihydropyridines (nifedipine and nicardipine), which block the calcium conductance in the muscular layer of the arterioles, causing relaxation. (wikipedia.org)
The efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus. (innerbody.com)
These arterioles get progressively smaller the more distanced they are from the heart , as most of the blood supply is required by the major organs positioned close to the heart and is provided by the [[arteries. (biology-online.org)
The specialized blood vessels known as arterioles may be small in stature, but they play a big role in heart health. (verywellhealth.com)
As the most highly regulated blood vessels in the body, arterioles also have the distinction of contributing the most to the rise and fall of blood pressure. (verywellhealth.com)
Before this, the blood must pass through the arterioles where its speed is constantly being adjusted. (verywellhealth.com)
The function of the arterioles, therefore, is to regulate blood pressure so that it remains steady and less prone to fluctuation. (verywellhealth.com)
When the body is functioning as it should, the arterioles help ensure that the blood pressure remains within normal, healthy limits. (verywellhealth.com)
The arterioles regulate the amount of blood that enters these capillary networks. (thefreedictionary.com)
A salmon patch haemorrhage is observed in sickle cell disease and appears as an oval-shaped area of intra-retinal or pre-retinal blood, believed to occur secondary to an obstructed retinal arteriole , which subsequently ruptures. (thefreedictionary.com)
There are no comments for Coloured Tem Of Red Blood Cells In An Arteriole . (fineartamerica.com)
What changes occur to blood flow from arteries to arterioles? (brainscape.com)
Conclusion : Relative high MI (0.3-0.4) provides the perfusion images at arteriole level in which blood flow speed might be high. (nii.ac.jp)
Arterioles carry blood away from the heart. (zfin.org)
Blood returns to the heart via larger veins that follow a route distinct from that of arterioles and airways. (rupress.org)
Red and white blood cells within an arteriole. (gettyimages.it)
Acute hemolysis triggered the development of αIIbβ3-dependent platelet-rich thrombi in precapillary pulmonary arterioles, which led to the transient impairment of pulmonary blood flow. (jci.org)
Consistent with a mechanism involving ADP release from hemolyzing erythrocytes, the inhibition of platelet-P2Y12 purinergic-receptor signaling attenuated pulmonary thrombosis and rescued blood flow in the pulmonary arterioles of mice following intravascular hemolysis. (jci.org)
Our preliminary study suggests that the helicine arterioles are functionally inactive during penile flaccidity while they are activated during penile tumescence and continue to supply blood to the corpora also during maximum penile rigidity. (ovid.com)
Arterioles have the greatest collective influence on both local blood flow and on overall blood pressure. (hyperleap.com)
By their constriction and dilation, under the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system, arterioles are the principal controllers of blood flow and pressure. (oup.com)
Arterioles, like arteries, are able to use smooth muscle to control their aperture and regulate blood flow and blood pressure. (innerbody.com)
Like arteries, arterioles are strong and elastic blood vessels, which are composed of smooth muscle layers. (pediaa.com)
Arterioles are the most highly-regulated blood vessels in a circulation system. (pediaa.com)
Therefore, arterioles are the major regulators of blood flow and blood pressure. (pediaa.com)

Cyclooxygenase inhibition improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction of visceral adipose arterioles in human obesity. (nih.gov)
Vasomotor function was assessed in response to endothelium-dependent agonists using videomicroscopy of small arterioles from fat. (nih.gov)
In the current study, we examined the direct effect and underlying mechanism of the vasomotor action of fenofibrate in porcine retinal arterioles. (arvojournals.org)
In a separate subset of arterioles, the effect of augmenting vasomotor tone on CVD was tested using elevated O2 or phenylephrine (PE) in the superfusion solution vs. control. (umsystem.edu)

1 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the increased vascular reactivity of the renal afferent arterioles to angiotensin II in states of oxidative stress. (ahajournals.org)
Interaction between endogenously produced carbon monoxide and nitric oxide in regulation of renal afferent arterioles. (semanticscholar.org)

Advective transport of nitric oxide in a mathematical model of the afferent arteriole. (semanticscholar.org)
This appears to be due to an impaired synthesis and/or action of nitric oxide (including reduced bioavailability of NO due to increased oxidative stress) and alterations in the metabolism of arachidonic acid to favor an enhanced production of the vasoconstrictor metabolite PGH2 and a reduced production of vasodilator prostaglandins in the arterioles. (alpfmedical.info)

Accordingly, we hypothesized that loss of sex hormones impairs afferent arteriole reactivity to ET-1. (springer.com)
These data demonstrate that sex does not significantly influence afferent arteriole reactivity to ET receptor activation. (springer.com)
Further, we show examples of experiments that can be performed with these arterioles, including agonist-induced constriction and myogenic reactivity. (unr.edu)

To study the mechanisms that regulate the contraction of intrapulmonary arteriole SMCs, the contractile and Ca 2+ responses of the arteriole SMCs to 5-hydroxytrypamine (5-HT) and KCl were observed with phase-contrast and scanning confocal microscopy in thin lung slices cut from mouse lungs stiffened with agarose and gelatin. (rupress.org)

Arterioles have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle) and are the primary site of vascular resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Arteriolosclerosis is the term specifically used for the hardening of arteriole walls. (wikipedia.org)
Walls of the arteriole (brown) are made up of a single layer of endothelial and muscle cells. (fineartamerica.com)
Arterioles have thick muscular walls and are the primary site of vascular resistance . (academickids.com)
Thus arteriole walls are much thinner than those of arteries. (innerbody.com)

RT-PCR assays revealed the expression of both angiotensin II receptor type 1A (AT(1A)) and angiotensin II receptor type 1B (AT(1B)) subtypes in freshly isolated afferent arterioles, while there was very little AT2 receptor expression. (unboundmedicine.com)
Abstract -Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced Ca 2+ signaling was studied in isolated rat renal arterioles using fura-2. (ahajournals.org)
Angiotensin II-induced changes in smooth muscle calcium in rat renal arterioles. (semanticscholar.org)

Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a section through the wall of an arteriole, showing smooth muscle (brown), endothelial cells (green), and an inner and outer lamina (membrane, blue). (sciencephoto.com)
Fig. 1 Direct activation of L-type VDCCs in arterioles with BayK increases Ca 2+ events in endothelial cells. (sciencemag.org)
A ) Confocal fluorescence images of endothelial cells (ECs) loaded with heparin-Cy5 (yellow) and the corresponding IP 3 R1 fluorescence in the same arteriole (magenta). (sciencemag.org)

hands caused by spasms in arterioles (small arteries) of the skin. (britannica.com)
their very small branches are arterioles. (britannica.com)
Arterioles are small, muscular branches of arteries. (heart.org)
Cutaneous arterioles and AVS receive a convergence of vasoconstrictive sympathetic innervation, and vasodilatory small-fiber sensory innervation. (prohealth.com)
Also, if such glands are found in close proximity to a thick-walled, medium or small arteriole , it most likely represents an invasive adenocarcinoma. (thefreedictionary.com)
Arterioles are small branches of arteries. (gettyimages.es)
Therefore, we examined the responses of small intrapulmonary arterioles in lung slices to correlate the Ca 2+ signaling of the SMCs with the contraction. (rupress.org)
The major determinant of vascular resistance is small arteriolar (known as resistance arterioles) tone. (hyperleap.com)
The contributions of active and passive wall tension to regulation of arteriolar diameters were determined for large (1A), intermediate (2A), and small (3A) arterioles in the small intestine of the anesthetized rat. (elsevier.com)
T(a) was ~90% of peak active tension (T(a,peak)) for large through small arterioles, even though absolute T(a) varied by fourfold. (elsevier.com)

We hypothesized that in vitro incubation of arterioles of male SHR with estrogen will restore NO-mediated responses by upregulation of endothelial NO synthase. (ahajournals.org)

Conclusions -Estrogen, via a receptor-mediated pathway, upregulates endothelial NO synthase gene expression, leading to increased NO production, and restores the regulation of wall shear stress in arterioles of male SHR. (ahajournals.org)
9 17 Our previous studies demonstrated that NO-mediated dilations to agonists 18 19 and flow/shear stress 20 21 are impaired in arterioles of male SHR. (ahajournals.org)
Conclusions- In isolated arterioles of PECAM-KO mice activation of eNOS and consequent dilation by agonists is maintained, but the dilation to high temporal gradients of wall shear stress elicited by increases in perfusate flow is reduced. (ahajournals.org)
6 We have shown previously that stepwise increases in perfusate flow, via increases in wall shear stress, elicit substantial dilations of isolated arterioles. (ahajournals.org)
In addition to an enhanced response to vasoconstrictor stimuli, arterioles of hypertensive animals exhibit an impaired relaxation in response to a variety of vasodilator stimuli including hypoxia, shear stress, and endothelium-dependent vasodilators, such as acetylcholine (ACh). (alpfmedical.info)

This leads to most examiners applying an almost binary approach to grading AVR by stating 2:3 in most cases, whereas in cases of vessels of the same size as 1:1 and retinal arterioles classed as generalised narrow, referred to as 1:2. (thefreedictionary.com)
Over recent years, we and others have investigated the signaling pathways underlying the myogenic response in retinal arterioles, with particular emphasis on the involvement of different ion channels expressed in the smooth muscle layer of these vessels. (disease-connect.org)

17 Although we found no effects of PEG-CAT on myogenic contractions in afferent arterioles from normal mice, we investigated the effects of bath addition of H 2 O 2 on basal contractility and myogenic responses to determine its potential role in states of vascular oxidative stress. (ahajournals.org)
1. Measurements of the internal diameters and lengths of branchless segments of mesenteric arterioles of frogs and mice show those geometrically to be cone-shaped, not cylindrical. (ebscohost.com)
Two-photon fluorescence microscopy and conscious, restrained optical biosensor mice were used to study smooth muscle Ca 2+ signaling in ear arterioles. (frontiersin.org)
In contrast, vasomotion and dynamic Ca 2+ signals were rarely observed in ear arterioles of anesthetized exMLCK biosensor mice. (frontiersin.org)
Inhibition of eNOS significantly reduced the initial phase of dilations in arterioles from WT, but not from those of PECAM-KO mice. (ahajournals.org)

Our findings suggest that cyclooxygenase-mediated vasoconstrictor prostanoids partly contribute to endothelial dysfunction of visceral adipose arterioles in human obesity. (nih.gov)
Human adipose arterioles were incubated in either euglycemic (NG, 5mM) or hyperglycemic (HG, 33mM) buffer for 4 hours. (ahajournals.org)

Pulmonary arterioles are a noteworthy exception as they vasodilate in response to high oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
These findings are the first in vivo studies to suggest that acute intravascular hemolysis promotes ADP-dependent platelet activation leading to thrombosis in the pre-capillary pulmonary arterioles and that thrombin generation most likely does not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of acute hemolysis-triggered pulmonary thrombosis. (jci.org)

At rest, sympathetic nerves constrict the arterioles in muscle. (washington.edu)

The image captures the transition of an arteriole as it loses its internal elastic lamina (black arrow). (arkanalabs.com)

Arterioles were incubated with the Ca2+ sensitive fluorescence indicator, Fluo 4-AM (10 μM) (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen) at room temperature for 1 hour. (umsystem.edu)

Isolated and pressurized retinal arterioles developed basal tone and constricted in a manner dependent on concentration to ET-1. (arvojournals.org)

Results indicate that in isolated renal arterioles AP III dilates preconstricted AA but constricts EA that have either not been pretreated or have been preconstricted with other agonists. (physiology.org)
For example, atrial natriuretic peptide dilates the afferent arteriole and constricts the efferent arteriole to increase GFR, 1 whereas thromboxane preferentially constricts the afferent arteriole, decreasing GFR. (ahajournals.org)
The molecular cornerstone of this mechanism is the capillary endothelial cell inward rectifier K + (Kir2.1) channel, which is activated by neuronal activity-dependent increases in external K + concentration, producing a propagating hyperpolarizing electrical signal that dilates upstream arterioles. (pnas.org)

Pharmacological inhibition of cyclooxygenase with indomethacin improved endothelium-dependent vasodilator function of arterioles from visceral fat by twofold (P = 0.01), whereas indomethacin had no effect in the subcutaneous depot. (nih.gov)
Fenofibrate elicits mainly endothelium-dependent dilation of retinal arterioles. (arvojournals.org)
Impaired relaxation of arterioles to endothelium-dependent vasodilator stimuli such as ACh has also been demonstrated in human hypertensive patients . (alpfmedical.info)

Anatomy20

Organisms7

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes11

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Calcium responses induced by acetylcholine in submucosal arterioles of the guinea-pig small intestine. (1/2323)

Interaction of amylin with calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in the microvasculature of the hamster cheek pouch in vivo. (2/2323)

Spread of vasodilatation and vasoconstriction along feed arteries and arterioles of hamster skeletal muscle. (3/2323)

Neovascularization at the vascular pole region in diabetic glomerulopathy. (4/2323)

Inhibition of NO synthesis or endothelium removal reveals a vasoconstrictor effect of insulin on isolated arterioles. (5/2323)

Conducted signals within arteriolar networks initiated by bioactive amino acids. (6/2323)

Endothelin antagonists block alpha1-adrenergic constriction of coronary arterioles. (7/2323)

Flow regulation of ecNOS and Cu/Zn SOD mRNA expression in porcine coronary arterioles. (8/2323)

Arterioles

Pia Mater

Vasodilation

Venules

Retinal Artery

Vasoconstriction

Microcirculation

Vasodilator Agents

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular

Cheek

Nitric Oxide

Endothelium, Vascular

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Microscopy, Video

Vasomotor System

Vasoconstrictor Agents

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Capillaries

Acetylcholine

Nitroarginine

Cerebral Arteries

Nitroprusside

Mesoporphyrins

NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester

Regional Blood Flow

Renal Circulation

Coronary Vessels

Arteries

Nitric Oxide Synthase

Swine, Miniature

Vascular Resistance

Blood Pressure

Enzyme Inhibitors

Mesocricetus

Muscle, Skeletal

Hydronephrosis

Retinal Vessels

Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III

Kidney Glomerulus

Adenosine

Muscle Tonus

Indomethacin

Rats, Inbred WKY

Rats, Inbred SHR

Norepinephrine

Swine

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Blood Flow Velocity

Kidney

Potassium Chloride

Rats, Wistar

Bradykinin

Hydrazines

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid

Microvessels

Angiotensin II

Retinal Vein

Cyclic N-Oxides

Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors

Prostaglandins

Glyburide

Corrosion Casting

Stress, Mechanical

Potassium Channel Blockers

Mesentery

Pimozide

Perfusion

Calcium responses induced by acetylcholine in submucosal arterioles of the guinea-pig small intestine. (1/2323)

Interaction of amylin with calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in the microvasculature of the hamster cheek pouch in vivo. (2/2323)

Spread of vasodilatation and vasoconstriction along feed arteries and arterioles of hamster skeletal muscle. (3/2323)

Neovascularization at the vascular pole region in diabetic glomerulopathy. (4/2323)

Inhibition of NO synthesis or endothelium removal reveals a vasoconstrictor effect of insulin on isolated arterioles. (5/2323)

Conducted signals within arteriolar networks initiated by bioactive amino acids. (6/2323)

Endothelin antagonists block alpha1-adrenergic constriction of coronary arterioles. (7/2323)

Flow regulation of ecNOS and Cu/Zn SOD mRNA expression in porcine coronary arterioles. (8/2323)

Renal arteriolar angiotensin responses during varied adenosine receptor activation. | Hypertension

Role of nNOS in Regulation of Renal Function in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension | Hypertension

Homocysteine Inhibition of Endothelium-Dependent Nitric Oxide-Mediated Dilation of Porcine Retinal Arterioles via Enhanced...

Vascular Endothelium and Smooth Muscle Remodeling Accompanies Hypertrophy of Intestinal Arterioles in Streptozotocin Diabetic...

Impaired retinal autoregulation in small retinal arterioles before and after focal laser treatment for diabetic maculopathy |...