Argonaute proteins. Medical search

Argonaute Proteins: A family of RNA-binding proteins that has specificity for MICRORNAS and SMALL INTERFERING RNA molecules. The proteins take part in RNA processing events as core components of RNA-induced silencing complex.Eukaryotic Initiation Factors: Peptide initiation factors from eukaryotic organisms. Over twelve factors are involved in PEPTIDE CHAIN INITIATION, TRANSLATIONAL in eukaryotic cells. Many of these factors play a role in controlling the rate of MRNA TRANSLATION.RNA-Induced Silencing Complex: A multicomponent, ribonucleoprotein complex comprised of one of the family of ARGONAUTE PROTEINS and the "guide strand" of the one of the 20- to 30-nucleotide small RNAs. RISC cleaves specific RNAs, which are targeted for degradation by homology to these small RNAs. Functions in regulating gene expression are determined by the specific argonaute protein and small RNA including siRNA (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING), miRNA (MICRORNA), or piRNA (PIWI-INTERACTING RNA).RNA Interference: A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.Ribonuclease III: An endoribonuclease that is specific for double-stranded RNA. It plays a role in POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL RNA PROCESSING of pre-RIBOSOMAL RNA and a variety of other RNA structures that contain double-stranded regions.MicroRNAs: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.RNA, Small Interfering: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.Alpha-Amanitin: A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2: Eukaryotic initiation factor of protein synthesis. In higher eukaryotes the factor consists of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. As initiation proceeds, eIF-2 forms a ternary complex with Met-tRNAi and GTP.Cytoplasmic Structures: Components of the cytoplasm excluding the CYTOSOL.Gene Silencing: Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.RNA-Binding Proteins: Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.RNA, Guide: Small kinetoplastid mitochondrial RNA that plays a major role in RNA EDITING. These molecules form perfect hybrids with edited mRNA sequences and possess nucleotide sequences at their 5'-ends that are complementary to the sequences of the mRNA's immediately downstream of the pre-edited regions.Drosophila Proteins: Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.RNA Stability: The extent to which an RNA molecule retains its structural integrity and resists degradation by RNASE, and base-catalyzed HYDROLYSIS, under changing in vivo or in vitro conditions.Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins: Proteins from the nematode species CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. The proteins from this species are the subject of scientific interest in the area of multicellular organism MORPHOGENESIS.Peptide Initiation Factors: Protein factors uniquely required during the initiation phase of protein synthesis in GENETIC TRANSLATION.RNA, Double-Stranded: RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.Protein Structure, Tertiary: The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.Caenorhabditis elegans: A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.Drosophila melanogaster: A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional: Post-transcriptional biological modification of messenger, transfer, or ribosomal RNAs or their precursors. It includes cleavage, methylation, thiolation, isopentenylation, pseudouridine formation, conformational changes, and association with ribosomal protein.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Germ Cells: The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during GAMETOGENESIS.Immunoprecipitation: The aggregation of soluble ANTIGENS with ANTIBODIES, alone or with antibody binding factors such as ANTI-ANTIBODIES or STAPHYLOCOCCAL PROTEIN A, into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Drosophila: A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.RNA: A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.RNA, Plant: Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.RNA Cleavage: A reaction that severs one of the sugar-phosphate linkages of the phosphodiester backbone of RNA. It is catalyzed enzymatically, chemically, or by radiation. Cleavage may be exonucleolytic, or endonucleolytic.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.RNA, Helminth: Ribonucleic acid in helminths having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.Arabidopsis Proteins: Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.Dictionaries, Medical Dictionaries as Topic: Lists of words, usually in alphabetical order, giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning.Vicia sativa: A plant species of the genus VICIA, family FABACEAE. The seed is used for food and contains THIOCYANATES such as prunasin, cyanoalanine, cyanogen, and vicine.Oryza sativa: Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.Meristem: A group of plant cells that are capable of dividing infinitely and whose main function is the production of new growth at the growing tip of a root or stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Plant Leaves: Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)Gene Expression Regulation, Plant: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.Thermococcus: A genus of extremely thermophilic heterotrophic archaea, in the family THERMOCOCCACEAE, occurring in heated sea flows. They are anaerobic chemoorganotropic sulfidogens.Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.Meteoroids: Any solid objects moving in interplanetary space that are smaller than a planet or asteroid but larger than a molecule. Meteorites are any meteoroid that has fallen to a planetary surface. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Czech Republic: Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.RNA Replicase: An enzyme that catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time, and can initiate a chain de novo. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p293)Ascomycota: A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.Brassica napus: A plant species of the family BRASSICACEAE best known for the edible roots.Sesamum: A plant genus of the family PEDALIACEAE that is the source of the edible seed and SESAME OIL.Brassica: A plant genus of the family Cruciferae. It contains many species and cultivars used as food including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens, MUSTARD PLANT; (B. alba, B. junica, and B. nigra), turnips (BRASSICA NAPUS) and rapeseed (BRASSICA RAPA).Brassica rapa: A plant species cultivated for the seed used as animal feed and as a source of canola cooking oil.Nomograms: Graphical representation of a statistical model containing scales for calculating the prognostic weight of a value for each individual variable. Nomograms are instruments that can be used to predict outcomes using specific clinical parameters. They use ALGORITHMS that incorporate several variables to calculate the predicted probability that a patient will achieve a particular clinical endpoint.Gift Giving: The bestowing of tangible or intangible benefits, voluntarily and usually without expectation of anything in return. However, gift giving may be motivated by feelings of ALTRUISM or gratitude, by a sense of obligation, or by the hope of receiving something in return.Fruit: The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.Chicago Tephritidae: A large family of fruit flies in the order DIPTERA, comprising over 4,500 species in about 100 genera. They have patterned wings and brightly colored bodies and are found predominantly in the tropical latitudes.Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).Antineoplastic Agents: Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.Archives ConnecticutSchools: Educational institutions.Cellular Phone: Analog or digital communications device in which the user has a wireless connection from a telephone to a nearby transmitter. It is termed cellular because the service area is divided into multiple "cells." As the user moves from one cell area to another, the call is transferred to the local transmitter.Cell Biology: The study of the structure, behavior, growth, reproduction, and pathology of cells; and the function and chemistry of cellular components.Nurses: Professionals qualified by graduation from an accredited school of nursing and by passage of a national licensing examination to practice nursing. They provide services to patients requiring assistance in recovering or maintaining their physical or mental health.Cell Nucleus: Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Schools, Medical: Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of medicine.Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex: A large multisubunit complex that plays an important role in the degradation of most of the cytosolic and nuclear proteins in eukaryotic cells. It contains a 700-kDa catalytic sub-complex and two 700-kDa regulatory sub-complexes. The complex digests ubiquitinated proteins and protein activated via ornithine decarboxylase antizyme.Ubiquitination: The act of ligating UBIQUITINS to PROTEINS to form ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes to label proteins for transport to the PROTEASOME ENDOPEPTIDASE COMPLEX where proteolysis occurs.Lymphocyte Activation: Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell: Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.Existentialism: Philosophy based on the analysis of the individual's existence in the world which holds that human existence cannot be completely described in scientific terms. Existentialism also stresses the freedom and responsibility of the individual as well as the uniqueness of religious and ethical experiences and the analysis of subjective phenomena such as anxiety, guilt, and suffering. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)Holistic Health: Health as viewed from the perspective that humans and other organisms function as complete, integrated units rather than as aggregates of separate parts.Great Britain Computer Simulation: Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.Paper Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Dendrites: Extensions of the nerve cell body. They are short and branched and receive stimuli from other NEURONS.Body Patterning: The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.Schizosaccharomyces: A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Schizosaccharomycetaceae, order Schizosaccharomycetales.Morphogenesis: The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.Microtubules: Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins: Proteins obtained from the species Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.Anopheles: A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA.Anopheles gambiae: A species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles and the principle vector of MALARIA in Africa.Insect Vectors: Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.Insect Repellents: Substances causing insects to turn away from them or reject them as food.Receptors, Odorant: Proteins, usually projecting from the cilia of olfactory receptor neurons, that specifically bind odorant molecules and trigger responses in the neurons. The large number of different odorant receptors appears to arise from several gene families or subfamilies rather than from DNA rearrangement.Malaria: A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.Borago: A plant genus of the family BORAGINACEAE.Retroelements: Elements that are transcribed into RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA and then inserted into a new site in the genome. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) similar to those from retroviruses are contained in retrotransposons and retrovirus-like elements. Retroposons, such as LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS do not contain LTRs.Terminal Repeat Sequences: Nucleotide sequences repeated on both the 5' and 3' ends of a sequence under consideration. For example, the hallmarks of a transposon are that it is flanked by inverted repeats on each end and the inverted repeats are flanked by direct repeats. The Delta element of Ty retrotransposons and LTRs (long terminal repeats) are examples of this concept.Virus Integration: Insertion of viral DNA into host-cell DNA. This includes integration of phage DNA into bacterial DNA; (LYSOGENY); to form a PROPHAGE or integration of retroviral DNA into cellular DNA to form a PROVIRUS.Chromatin: The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.RNA Polymerase III: A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure where it transcribes DNA into RNA. It has specific requirements for cations and salt and has shown an intermediate sensitivity to alpha-amanitin in comparison to RNA polymerase I and II. EC 2.7.7.6.Promoter Regions, Genetic: DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Stem cells: A tale of two kingdoms. (1/823)

Homologous genes have recently been shown to regulate stem cell maintenance in animals and plants. This discovery should facilitate elucidation of the poorly understood factors that control stem cell maintenance and differentiation. (+info)

piwi encodes a nucleoplasmic factor whose activity modulates the number and division rate of germline stem cells. (2/823)

piwi represents the first class of genes known to be required for stem cell self-renewal in diverse organisms. In the Drosophila ovary, piwi is required in somatic signaling cells to maintain germline stem cells. Here we show that piwi encodes a novel nucleoplasmic protein present in both somatic and germline cells, with the highly conserved C-terminal region essential for its function. Removing PIWI protein from single germline stem cells significantly decreases the rate of their division. This suggests that PIWI has a second role as a cell-autonomous promoter of germline stem cell division. Consistent with its dual function, over-expression of piwi in somatic cells causes an increase both in the number of germline stem cells and the rate of their division. Thus, PIWI is a key regulator of stem cell division - its somatic expression modulates the number of germline stem cells and the rate of their division, while its germline expression also contributes to promoting stem cell division in a cell-autonomous manner. (+info)

AGO1, QDE-2, and RDE-1 are related proteins required for post-transcriptional gene silencing in plants, quelling in fungi, and RNA interference in animals. (3/823)

Introduction of transgene DNA may lead to specific degradation of RNAs that are homologous to the transgene transcribed sequence through phenomena named post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in plants, quelling in fungi, and RNA interference (RNAi) in animals. It was shown previously that PTGS, quelling, and RNAi require a set of related proteins (SGS2, QDE-1, and EGO-1, respectively). Here we report the isolation of Arabidopsis mutants impaired in PTGS which are affected at the Argonaute1 (AGO1) locus. AGO1 is similar to QDE-2 required for quelling and RDE-1 required for RNAi. Sequencing of ago1 mutants revealed one amino acid essential for PTGS that is also present in QDE-2 and RDE-1 in a highly conserved motif. Taken together, these results confirm the hypothesis that these processes derive from a common ancestral mechanism that controls expression of invading nucleic acid molecules at the post-transcriptional level. As opposed to rde-1 and qde-2 mutants, which are viable, ago1 mutants display several developmental abnormalities, including sterility. These results raise the possibility that PTGS, or at least some of its elements, could participate in the regulation of gene expression during development in plants. (+info)

A global profile of germline gene expression in C. elegans. (4/823)

We used DNA microarrays to profile gene expression patterns in the C. elegans germline and identified 1416 germline-enriched transcripts that define three groups. The sperm-enriched group contains an unusually large number of protein kinases and phosphatases. The oocyte-enriched group includes potentially new components of embryonic signaling pathways. The germline-intrinsic group, defined as genes expressed similarly in germlines making only sperm or only oocytes, contains a family of piwi-related genes that may be important for stem cell proliferation. Finally, examination of the chromosomal location of germline transcripts revealed that sperm-enriched and germline-intrinsic genes are nearly absent from the X chromosome, but oocyte-enriched genes are not. (+info)

Human CD34(+) stem cells express the hiwi gene, a human homologue of the Drosophila gene piwi. (5/823)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by their dual abilities to undergo differentiation into multiple hematopoietic cell lineages or to undergo self-renewal. The molecular basis of these properties remains poorly understood. Recently the piwi gene was found in the embryonic germline stem cells (GSCs) of Drosophila melanogaster and has been shown to be important in GSC self-renewal. This study demonstrated that hiwi, a novel human homologue of piwi, is also present in human CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells but not in more differentiated cell populations. Placing CD34(+) cells into culture conditions that supported differentiation and rapid exit from the stem cell compartment resulted in a loss of hiwi expression by day 5 of a 14-day culture period. Expression of the hiwi gene was detected in many developing fetal and adult tissues. By means of 5' RACE cloning methodology, a novel putative full-length hiwi complementary DNA was cloned from human CD34(+) marrow cells. At the amino acid level, the human HIWI protein was 52% homologous to the Drosophila protein. The transient expression of hiwi in the human leukemia cell line KG1 resulted in a dramatic reduction in cellular proliferation. Overexpression of hiwi led to programmed cell death of KG1 cells as demonstrated by the Annexin V assay system. These studies suggest that hiwi maybe an important negative developmental regulator, which, in part, underlies the unique biologic properties associated with hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (+info)

Stem cells: so what's in a niche? (6/823)

Much effort is being invested in defining the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that control stem cell maintenance and proliferation. Recent studies have identified a signaling hierarchy involved in coordinating the proliferation of germ line and somatic stem cells in the Drosophila ovary. (+info)

Yb modulates the divisions of both germline and somatic stem cells through piwi- and hh-mediated mechanisms in the Drosophila ovary. (7/823)

The coordinated division of distinctive types of stem cells within an organ is crucial for organogenesis and homeostasis. Here we show genetic interactions among fs(1)Yb (Yb), piwi, and hedgehog (hh) that regulate the division of both germline stem cells (GSCs) and somatic stem cells (SSCs), the two constituent stem cell populations of the Drosophila ovary. Yb is required for both GSC and SSC divisions; loss of Yb function eliminates GSCs and reduces SSC division, while Yb overexpression increases GSC number and causes SSC overproliferation. We also show that Yb acts via the piwi- and hh-mediated signaling pathways that emanate from the same signaling cells to control GSC and SSC division, respectively. hh signaling also has a minor effect in GSC division. (+info)

Argonaute2, a link between genetic and biochemical analyses of RNAi. (8/823)

Double-stranded RNA induces potent and specific gene silencing through a process referred to as RNA interference (RNAi) or posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). RNAi is mediated by RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a sequence-specific, multicomponent nuclease that destroys messenger RNAs homologous to the silencing trigger. RISC is known to contain short RNAs ( approximately 22 nucleotides) derived from the double-stranded RNA trigger, but the protein components of this activity are unknown. Here, we report the biochemical purification of the RNAi effector nuclease from cultured Drosophila cells. The active fraction contains a ribonucleoprotein complex of approximately 500 kilodaltons. Protein microsequencing reveals that one constituent of this complex is a member of the Argonaute family of proteins, which are essential for gene silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans, Neurospora, and Arabidopsis. This observation begins the process of forging links between genetic analysis of RNAi from diverse organisms and the biochemical model of RNAi that is emerging from Drosophila in vitro systems. (+info)

RNA-induced silencing complex

Argonaute proteins are a family of proteins found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Their function in prokaryotes is unknown but ... TRBP is a protein with three double-stranded RNA-binding domains. Argonaute 2 is an RNase and is the catalytic centre of RISC. ... The strand with the less stable 5' end is selected by the protein Argonaute and integrated into RISC. This strand is known as ... Once found, one of the proteins in RISC, called Argonaute, activates and cleaves the mRNA. This process is called RNA ...

Argonaute

The recruitment of Argonaute proteins to targeted mRNA can induce mRNA degradation. The Argonaute-miRNA complex can also affect ... However, evidence for Argonaute proteins as DNA-guided DNA slicers have been questioned, with the retraction of such claim from ... The Argonaute protein family plays a central role in RNA silencing processes, as essential components of the RNA-induced ... In animals, Argonaute associated with miRNA binds to the 3'-untranslated region of mRNA and prevents the production of proteins ...

Piwi like rna-mediated gene silencing 4

Li L, Yu C, Gao H, Li Y (2010). "Argonaute proteins: potential biomarkers for human colon cancer". BMC Cancer. 10: 38. doi: ... PIWIL4 belongs to the Argonaute family of proteins, which function in development and maintenance of germline stem cells ( ... Piwi like RNA-mediated gene silencing 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PIWIL4 gene. ...

Piwi

The structure of several Piwi and Argonaute proteins (Ago) have been solved. Piwi proteins are RNA-binding proteins with 2 or 3 ... PIWI-like protein 1, PIWI-like protein 2, PIWI-like protein 3 and PIWI-like protein 4. Human Piwi proteins all contain two RNA ... Piwi proteins belong to the Argonaute/Piwi family and have been classified as nuclear proteins. Studies on Drosophila have also ... The piwi domain is a protein domain found in piwi proteins and a large number of related nucleic acid-binding proteins, ...

RNA interference

This ancestral RNAi system probably contained at least one dicer-like protein, one argonaute, one PIWI protein, and an RNA- ... In fission yeast this complex contains argonaute, a chromodomain protein Chp1, and a protein called Tas3 of unknown function. ... of RNA to the argonaute protein was examined by X-ray crystallography of the binding domain of an RNA-bound argonaute protein. ... Argonaute proteins are localized to specific regions in the cytoplasm called P-bodies (also cytoplasmic bodies or GW bodies), ...

Circular RNA

Argonaute proteins are the "effector proteins" which help miRNAs carry out their job, while microRNA sponges are RNAs that " ... AGO2 is miR-7's associated Argonaute protein (see above). Though CDR1as/CiRS-7 can be cleaved by miR-671 and its associated ... Potential roles include the following: Binding to RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and RNAs besides miRNAs to form RNA-protein ... which can subsequently be translated to produce the protein product. The spliceosome, a protein-RNA complex located in the ...

Transfer RNA

2015). "tRNA-Derived Short Non-coding RNA as Interacting Partners of Argonaute Proteins". Gene Regul Syst Bio. 9: 27-33. doi: ... During protein synthesis, tRNAs with attached amino acids are delivered to the ribosome by proteins called elongation factors, ... For example, the A site is often written A/A, the P site, P/P, and the E site, E/E. The binding proteins like L27, L2, L14, L15 ... The P-site protein L27 has been determined by affinity labeling by E. Collatz and A.P. Czernilofsky (FEBS Lett., Vol. 63, pp ...

IPO8

"Importin 8 is a gene silencing factor that targets argonaute proteins to distinct mRNAs". Cell. 136 (3): 496-507. doi:10.1016/j ... The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a class of approximately 20 potential Ran targets that share a sequence motif ... This protein binds to the nuclear pore complex and, along with RanGTP and RANBP1, inhibits the GAP stimulation of the Ran ... Importin 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IPO8 gene. The importin-alpha/beta complex and the GTPase Ran mediate ...

RasiRNA

... but does require the Argonaute proteins Argonaute 3 (Ago 3), Piwi and Aubergine which is a Piwi-like protein. The mechanism for ... Piwi proteins are a clade of the Argonaute family of proteins. In the germline, RasiRNA is involved in establishing and ... Unlike miRNA and siRNA which function through the Ago Argonaute protein subfamily, RasiRNA function through the Piwi Argonaute ... Quantitative analysis of Argonaute protein reveals microRNA-dependent localization to stress granules. PNAS 103(48): 18125- ...

Argonaut (animal)

Argonauts gave their name to an Arabidopsis thaliana mutation and by extension to Argonaute proteins. Naef, A. (1923). "Die ...

Mir-390 microRNA precursor family

"The Mechanism Selecting the Guide Strand from Small RNA Duplexes is Different Among Argonaute Proteins". Plant and Cell ... "Ragged seedling2 Encodes an ARGONAUTE7-Like Protein Required for Mediolateral Expansion, but Not Dorsiventrality, of Maize ...

Trans-acting siRNA

Wu L, Mao L, Qi Y (October 2012). "Roles of dicer-like and argonaute proteins in TAS-derived small interfering RNA-triggered ... A member of the Argonaute protein family is a component of all RNA silencing effector complexes, including the RISCs that ... Initial descriptions found involvement of the plant protein suppressor of gene silencing 3 (SGS3), and the enzyme RNA-dependant ... RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6). Ta-siRNAs are generated from non-coding transcripts through Argonaute-mediated miRNA-guided cleavage ...

RevCen

ISBN 978-1-904455-25-7. Sigova A, Rhind N, Zamore PD (October 2004). "A single Argonaute protein mediates both transcriptional ...

RDE-1

Canonical Argonaute proteins possess three primary domains forming a crescent-shaped base: the PAZ, MID, and PIWI domains. PAZ ... Mutation of any residues in the RNase H catalytic triad abolishes Slicer activity in human Argonaute protein Ago2, suggesting ... RDE-1 (RNAi-DEfective 1) is a primary Argonaute protein required for RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) in Caenorhabditis elegans ... elegans Argonaute Family Reveals that Distinct Argonautes Act Sequentially during RNAi". Cell. 127 (4): 747-57. doi:10.1016/j. ...

TNRC6A

The protein associates with messenger RNAs and Argonaute proteins in cytoplasmic bodies known as GW-bodies or P-bodies. ... Trinucleotide repeat-containing gene 6A protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNRC6A gene. This gene encodes a ... 2003). "The GW182 protein colocalizes with mRNA degradation associated proteins hDcp1 and hLSm4 in cytoplasmic GW bodies". RNA ... The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 7 (2): 143-150. doi: ...

Drosha

The other two human enzymes that participate in the processing and activity of miRNA are the Dicer and Argonaute proteins. Both ... Wu H, Xu H, Miraglia LJ, Crooke ST (November 2000). "Human RNase III is a 160-kDa protein involved in preribosomal RNA ... Filippov V, Solovyev V, Filippova M, Gill SS (March 2000). "A novel type of RNase III family proteins in eukaryotes". Gene. 245 ... Gunther M, Laithier M, Brison O (July 2000). "A set of proteins interacting with transcription factor Sp1 identified in a two- ...

Small interfering RNA

Other times, the Argonaute proteins of the RISC lack endonuclease activity even when the target mRNA and siRNA are perfectly ... The cleavage of the mRNA molecules is thought to be catalyzed by the Piwi domain of Argonaute proteins of the RISC. The mRNA ... This causes degradation of the mRNA and in turn no translation of the mRNA into amino acids and then proteins. Thus silencing ... siRNAs that target and silence efflux proteins on the BBB surface have been shown to create an increase in BBB permeability. ...

RNA activation

Similar to RNAi, it has been shown that mammalian RNAa requires members of the Ago clade of Argonaute proteins, particularly ... Chu, Yongjun; Yue, Xuan; Younger, Scott T.; Janowski, Bethany A.; Corey, David R. (2010). "Involvement of argonaute proteins in ... In C. elegans, Argonaute CSR-1 interacts with 22G small RNAs derived from RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and antisense to ... The RNA-loaded Ago then recruits other proteins such as RHA, also known as nuclear DNA helicase II, and CTR9 to form an RNA- ...

MicroRNA

Members of the Argonaute (Ago) protein family are central to RISC function. Argonautes are needed for miRNA-induced silencing ... Some argonautes, for example human Ago2, cleave target transcripts directly; argonautes may also recruit additional proteins to ... binding protein], PACT (protein activator of the interferon-induced protein kinase), the SMN complex, fragile X mental ... During miRNA maturation in the cytoplasm, uptake by the Argonaute protein is thought to stabilize the guide strand, while the ...

TNRC6B

"A conserved motif in Argonaute-interacting proteins mediates functional interactions through the Argonaute PIWI domain". Nat. ... It is also known to associate with argonaute proteins and has been shown to be required for miRNA-guided gene silencing in HeLa ... Trinucleotide repeat-containing gene 6B protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNRC6B gene. TNRC6B has been ... "Identification of novel argonaute-associated proteins". Curr. Biol. 15 (23): 2149-55. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.10.048. PMID ...

MOV10

2006). "Identification of novel argonaute-associated proteins". Curr. Biol. 15 (23): 2149-55. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.10.048. ... 2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs ... 2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Mol. Syst. Biol. 3 (1): 89. doi: ... The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 7 (4): 273-81. doi: ...

History of research on Arabidopsis thaliana

The argonaute1 mutant, named for its resemblance to an Argonauta octopuses, was the namesake for the Argonaute protein family ...

Gene silencing

The fragments integrate into a multi-subunit protein called the RNA-induced silencing complex, which contains Argonaute ... Gene silencing can be used to treat HD by targeting the mutant huntingtin protein. The mutant huntingtin protein has been ... Through this approach, instead of targeting SNPs on the mutated protein, all of the normal and mutated huntingtin proteins are ... Cleaving the fusion protein reduced the amount of transformed hematopoietic cells that spread throughout the body by increasing ...

EIF2C2

Protein argonaute-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF2C2 gene. This gene encodes a member of the Argonaute ... "A conserved motif in Argonaute-interacting proteins mediates functional interactions through the Argonaute PIWI domain". Nat. ... 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. doi:10.1038 ... The encoded protein is highly basic, and contains a PAZ domain and a PIWI domain. It may interact with Dicer1 and play a role ...

EIF2C1

Protein argonaute-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF2C1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the Argonaute ... conservation of a unique amino acid sequence in human DICER protein essential for binding to Argonaute family proteins". Gene. ... This gene is located on chromosome 1 in a cluster of closely related family members including argonaute 3, and argonaute 4. ... a membrane-associated protein that belongs to a family of proteins involved in stem cell differentiation". Molecular Biology of ...

Dicer

Plant genomes encode for dicer like proteins with similar functions and protein domains as animal and insect dicer. For example ... RISC has a catalytic component argonaute, which is an endonuclease capable of degrading messenger RNA (mRNA). Dicer was given ... The protein size is 82 kDa, while it is larger in other organisms; for example, it is 219 kDa in humans. The difference in size ... As an example, Drosophila C virus encodes for protein 1A which binds to dsRNA thus protecting it from dicer cleavage as well as ...

'argonaute proteins' Protocols and Video...

... argonaute proteins include MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism, RNAi-mediated Double Gene Knockdown and ... Argonaute Proteins: A family of RNA-binding proteins that has specificity for Micrornas and Small interfering rna molecules. ... The proteins take part in RNA processing events as core components of RNA-induced silencing complex. MicroRNA-based Regulation ...

https://www.jove.com/keyword/argonaute+proteins

Argonaute Proteins - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.org

Argonaute Proteins. A Family of RNA-Binding Proteins that has specificity for MicroRNAs and Small Interfering RNA molecules. ... The Proteins take part in RNA processing events as core components of RNA-Induced Silencing Complex. ...

http://www.online-medical-dictionary.org/definitions-a/argonaute-proteins.html

Argonaute protein elisa and antibody

Recombinant Protein and Argonaute protein Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are ... Argonaute protein wago-1. Argonaute protein wago-1 ELISA Kit. Argonaute protein wago-1 Recombinant. Argonaute protein wago-1 ... Also known as Argonaute protein wago-1 (Worm-specific argonaute protein 1).. Argonaute protein which is involved in the ... Argonaute protein Argonaute protein which is involved in the endogenous small interfering RNA (endo-siRNA) pathway. Interacts ...

https://www.mybiosource.com/proteins-family/argonaute-protein

Addgene: Genome-wide analysis of mRNAs regulated by Drosha and Argonaute proteins in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genome-wide analysis of mRNAs regulated by Drosha and Argonaute proteins in Drosophila melanogaster. Rehwinkel J, Natalin P, ...

http://www.addgene.org/browse/article/2997/

Inria - Markov State Models Reveal a Two-Step Mechanism of miRNA Loading into the Human Argonaute Protein: Selective Binding...

Our model is based on the results of a combination of Markov State Models (MSMs), large-scale protein-RNA docking, and ... proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) are central components in RNA interference, which is a key cellular mechanism for sequence- ... are distinguished by their largely exposed binding grooves that can geometrically accommodate miRNA as indicated in our protein ... Abstract : Argonaute (Ago) proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) are central components in RNA interference, which is a key cellular ...

https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01257437

Cloning, characterization, and subcellular localization of a Trypanosoma cruzi argonaute protein defining a new subfamily...

To achieve their effectors functions, sRNAs associate with members of the Argonaute protein family. Argonaute proteins are ... To achieve their effectors functions, sRNAs associate with members of the Argonaute protein family. Argonaute proteins are ... To achieve their effectors functions, sRNAs associate with members of the Argonaute protein family. Argonaute proteins are ... Argonaute phylogeny, Small RNAs, Protozoan parasites, Piwi-like protein. in Gene. volume. 466. issue. 1-2. pages. 26 - 35. ...

https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/1727227

PHN1 - Protein argonaute PNH1 - Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice) - PHN1 gene & protein

Protein argonaute PNH1Add BLAST. 979. Proteomic databases. PaxDb, a database of protein abundance averages across all three ... View protein in InterPro. IPR014811 ArgoL1. IPR032472 ArgoL2. IPR032473 Argonaute_Mid_dom. IPR032474 Argonaute_N. IPR003100 PAZ ... View protein in InterPro. IPR014811 ArgoL1. IPR032472 ArgoL2. IPR032473 Argonaute_Mid_dom. IPR032474 Argonaute_N. IPR003100 PAZ ... to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.,p>,a href=/help/protein_names target=_top>More...,/a>,/p>Protein namesi. ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q69VD5

Hobman, Tom C. (Herausgeber); Duchaine, Thomas F. (Herausgeber) Argonaute Proteins Methods and Protocols (Gebundene Ausgabe)...

Argonaute Proteins Methods and Protocols Reihe: Methods in Molecular Biology 725 9781617790454 1617790451 A12548782 A12548782 ... Argonaute Proteins Methods and Protocols (Gebundene Ausgabe). Reihe: Methods in Molecular Biology 725 Springer-Verlag GmbH, ... These RNA-binding proteins use small guide RNAs to silence expression of genes at the mRNA and DNA levels. In Argonaute ... Argonaute proteins are the central effectors of RNAi and are highly conserved among eukaryotes and some archaebacteria. ...

https://www.buchfreund.de/Argonaute-Proteins-Methods-and-Protocols,A12548782,1-neubuch

DNA silencing by prokaryotic Argonaute proteins adds a new layer of defense against invading nucleic acids, FEMS Microbiology...

"DNA silencing by prokaryotic Argonaute proteins adds a new layer of defense against invading nucleic acids, FEMS Microbiology ... Organisms that encode short Agos seemingly have split up the protein into a separate Mid-PIWI protein and a protein that ... Organisms that encode short Agos seemingly have split up the protein into a separate Mid-PIWI protein and a protein that ... for 84 representative archaeal Argonaute proteins. To avoid redundancy, all archaeal proteins found using the PSI_BLAST program ...

https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/ou_press/dna-silencing-by-prokaryotic-argonaute-proteins-adds-a-new-layer-of-2UImPz6Tkb

Identification of human microRNA targets from isolated argonaute protein complexes :: MPG.PuRe

Identification of human microRNA targets from isolated argonaute protein complexes ... argonaute; gene silencing; non-coding RNAs; translation; gene regulation; Titel: ... of human microRNA targets from isolated argonaute protein complexes. RNA Biology, 4(2), 76-84. ...

http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/faces/viewItemOverviewPage.jsp?itemId=escidoc:1580162

Argonaute proteins

Tag Archives: Argonaute proteins. Major Breakthrough Understanding miRNA Function With Argonaute Proteins. Posted on January 12 ... Posted in Events, Friday Lectures, Recommended Readings , Tagged Argonaute proteins, Argonaute-mediated catalysis, germline, ... Posted in Science, Stem cell research , Tagged Argonaute proteins, miRNA , Leave a reply Recommended Readings; Gregory J. ... Posted in Methods, Monday Lectures, Recommended Readings, Uncategorized , Tagged Argonaute proteins, CLIP, miRNA, mRNA, ...

http://librarynews.rockefeller.edu/?tag=argonaute-proteins

Argonaute proteins - conformational flexibility drives function | Nature Research Microbiology Community

Another family of such nucleic acid-guided endonucleases are Argonaute (Ago) proteins, which are found in all three domains of ... The majority of the to date characterized prokaryotic Ago proteins appear to rely on 5′-phosphorylated DNA guides, which are ... Argonaute proteins - conformational flexibility drives function. Bacteria and archaea have developed a variety of defence ... Another family of such nucleic acid-guided endonucleases are Argonaute (Ago) proteins, which are found in all three domains of ...

https://naturemicrobiologycommunity.nature.com/posts/15642-argonaute-proteins-conformational-flexibility-drives-function

AMR53 05540 - Argonaute family protein - Thermococcus thioreducens - AMR53 05540 gene & protein

Protein predictedi ,p>This indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein. Note that the protein ... Protein. Similar proteins. Organisms. Length. Cluster ID. Cluster name. Size. A0A0Q2M2Z1. I6U616. Q8U3D2. UPI00004F8DB7. ... to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.,p>,a href=/help/protein_names target=_top>More...,/a>,/p>Protein namesi. ... Argonaute family proteinImported. ,p>Information which has been imported from another database using automatic procedures.,/p ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A0Q2M2Z1

Biochemical isolation of Argonaute protein complexes by Ago-APP. - Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute

During microRNA (miRNA)-guided gene silencing, Argonaute (Ago) proteins interact with a member of the TNRC6/GW protein family. ... Here we used a short GW protein-derived peptide fused to GST and demonstrate that it binds to Ago proteins with high affinity. ... We refer to our method as Ago protein Affinity Purification by Peptides (Ago-APP). Furthermore, expression of this peptide ... This allows for the simultaneous isolation of all Ago protein complexes expressed in diverse species to identify associated ...

https://www.cruk.cam.ac.uk/publication/biochemical-isolation-of-argonaute-protein-complexes-by-agoapp

Online Plant Argonaute Proteins: Methods And Protocols

New Jersey online Plant Argonaute Proteins: Methods and Protocols publication owned Lorre Wyatt. days do he told after ...

http://www.allstarasphalt.com/images/pdf.php?q=online-Plant-Argonaute-Proteins%3A-Methods-and-Protocols.html

Author's response to reviews Title: Argonaute proteins: potential biomarkers for human colon cancer Authors: - Semantic Scholar

Argonaute proteins: potential biomarkers for human colon cancer Authors: by Lan Li et al. ... Authors response to reviews Title: Argonaute proteins: potential biomarkers for human colon cancer Authors:. *. Lan Li, ... inproceedings{Li2009AuthorsRT, title={Authors response to reviews Title: Argonaute proteins: potential biomarkers for human ... Stem-cell protein Piwil2 is widely expressed in tumors and inhibits apoptosis through activation of Stat3/Bcl-XL pathway.. *Jae ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Author

The Biological Function of Bacterial Argonaute Proteins - Kristin Kotulak

Argonaute proteins have been shown to play a critical role in post-transcriptional gene silencing in eukaryotes;however, their ... to examine the regulatory effects of Argonaute on bacterial mRNAs, and to identify additional proteins involved in Argonaute- ... The Biological Function of Bacterial Argonaute Proteins Kotulak, Kristin M. New York University, New York, NY, United States ... Argonaute proteins have been shown to play a critical role in post-transcriptional gene silencing in eukaryotes;however, their ...

http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/F32-GM093509-02

"Functions of Argonaute Proteins in Self Versus Non-Self Recognition in" by Meetu Seth

Dissertations, UMMS; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering; Argonaute Proteins; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ... Functions of Argonaute Proteins in Self Versus Non-Self Recognition in the C. elegans Germline: A Dissertation ... Seth, M. Functions of Argonaute Proteins in Self Versus Non-Self Recognition in the C. elegans Germline: A Dissertation. (2016 ... that are loaded onto worm-specific Argonaute (WAGO) proteins. WAGOs collaborate with chromatin factors to maintain epigenetic ...

https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/874/

CellNetworks - Expression determinants of mammalian argonaute proteins in mediating gene silencing

Site-specific cleavage is carried out by argonaute-2 (Ago2), while all four mammalian argonaute proteins (Ago1-Ago4) can carry ... Homepage »Research Network »Publications »2012 »Expression determinants of mammalian argonaute proteins in mediating gene ... This finding has implications for the evolutionary conservation of Ago proteins in the mammalian lineage and the biological ...

http://www.cellnetworks.uni-hd.de/484740/Expression_determinants_of_mammalian_argonaute_proteins_in_mediating_gene_silencing

Argonautes: A big turn-off for proteins

Argonaute »Green IT »Medical Wellness »MicroRNAs »RNA »blueprints for proteins »fruit-fly protein »messenger RNA »protein ... Further reports about: , Argonaute , Green IT , Medical Wellness , MicroRNAs , RNA , blueprints for proteins , fruit-fly ... Argonautes: A big turn-off for proteins. 02.02.2010. Johns Hopkins scientists believe they may have figured out how genetic ... By chopping up Argonaute proteins from fruit flies and testing each piece individually, the team showed that allostery ...

http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life-sciences/argonautes-a-big-turn-proteins-147798.html

Two GW Repeat Proteins Interact with Tetrahymena thermophila Argonaute and Promote Genome Rearrangement | Molecular and...

Both proteins contain GW (glycine and tryptophan) repeats, which are characteristic of several Argonaute-interacting proteins ... For example, four mammalian Argonaute proteins (Ago1 through Ago4) and GW repeat protein GW182 are localized to the cytoplasmic ... A conserved motif in Argonaute-interacting proteins mediates functional interactions through the Argonaute PIWI domain. Nat. ... thermophila Argonaute family proteins, it will be interesting to test whether any other Argonautes are able to interact with ...

https://mcb.asm.org/content/29/18/5020?ijkey=dcf9c149d5d536401c58be23dd814599bf199a59&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Results for 'Argonaute and Piwi > Piwi > Primary antibodies' | Abcam: antibodies, proteins,...

Proteins and Peptides. Proteomics tools. Agonists, activators, antagonists and inhibitors. Lysates. Multiplex miRNA assays. By ...

http://www.abcam.com/products?selected.researchAreas=Epigenetics+and+Nuclear+Signaling--RNAi--Argonaute+and+Piwi&selected.targetName=Piwi&selected.productType=Primary+antibodies

Destabilisation of Argonaute 2 generates a truncated protein: halfAgo2 - Matters

... protein is an essential effector protein in miRNA-mediated mechanisms that regulate gene expression. Ago2 directly binds to the ... Understanding Ago2 protein stability and turnover will further our understanding in how RISC function is regulated. In human ... that is formed from proteolytic cleavage of the full length Ago2 protein.Further experiments are needed to determine (i) the ... cells, we discovered a previously unidentified ~55 kDa protein that is a truncated form of Ago2, ...

https://sciencematters.io/articles/201811000001

Identification and characterization of Dicer-like, Argonaute and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene families in maize - Semantic...

In plants, the generation of these sRNAs mainly depends on some proteins encoded by respective Dicer-like (DCL), Argonaute (AGO ... This will further provide a solid foundation for future functional genomics studies of Dicer-like, Argonaute and RDR gene ... Here, we analyzed the DCL, AGO and RDR gene families in maize, including gene structure, phylogenetic relationships, protein ... Evolution, functions, and mysteries of plant ARGONAUTE proteins.. *Han Zhang, Rui Xia, Blake C. Meyers, Virginia Walbot ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Identification-and-characterization-of-Dicer-like%2C-Qian-Cheng/e6d7029dbb1e5aec472e324955f0ae177fe05d41

Structures of Active Guide Rna Molecules and Method of Selection - Patzel, Volker

The decision which Argonaute protein is chosen for RISC and which subsequent pathway is initiated must be made before the mRNA ... a human RISC and the Argonaute proteins are mammalian, e.g. human proteins. ... Preferably, the polypeptide is an Argonaute or Dicer protein such as Ago-1, Ago2, Dcr1 or Dcr2. In this context, reference is ... Susceptibility of human tissue culture cells to S. thyphimurium decreases with over-expression of Argonaute-2 protein (pAgo). A ...

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2008/0280848.html

Argonaute proteins are the central effectors of RNAi and are highly conserved among eukaryotes and some archaebacteria. (buchfreund.de)
Practical and authoritative, Argonaute Proteins: Methods and Protocols serves as a vital reference for both experienced and novice scientists approaching the vast complexities of RNAi research. (buchfreund.de)
2014a) and because Dicer homologs as well as other proteins associated with the RNAi pathways (e.g. the TAR RNA-binding protein TRBP or Zucchini) are absent from prokaryotic genomes, a universal prokaryotic silencing mechanism equivalent to eukaryotic RNAi seemed unlikely. (deepdyve.com)
The Argonaute family: tentacles that reach into RNAi, developmental control, stem cell maintenance, and tumorigenesis. (semanticscholar.org)
In eukaryotes, Argonautes (eAgos) play central roles in RNA interference (RNAi) and micro-RNA (miRNA) pathways that coordinate a wide range of cellular processes including transcriptional and translational gene regulation ( 2 , 3 ), silencing of mobile genetic elements ( 4 , 5 ), and host defense ( 6 ). (pnas.org)
Describing the molecular structure of a eukaryotic Argonaute protein has been a goal of the RNAi field for close to a decade. (bioquicknews.com)
Learning the Argonaute crystal structure is an important step in understanding the RNAi biochemical pathway and will be the basis for many future experiments. (bioquicknews.com)
In humans and most other eukaryotes, the RNAi pathway can reduce cellular protein production by reducing the proteins' RNA templates. (bioquicknews.com)
RNAi depends on two proteins, Dicer and Argonaute. (bioquicknews.com)
The most well-studied outcome of the RNAi is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, that lies in the core of RNA-induced silencing complex. (wikipedia.org)

1. Purification of Native Argonaute Complexes from the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Shane M. Buker and Mohammad R. Motamedi 2. (buchfreund.de)
Biochemical Analyses of Endogenous Argonaute Complexes Immunopurified with Anti-Argonaute Monoclonal Antibodies Keita Miyoshi, Tomoko N. Okada, Haruhiko Siomi, and Mikiko C. Siomi 4. (buchfreund.de)
Continuous Density Gradients to Study Argonaute and GW182 Complexes Associated with the Endocytic Pathway Derrick Gibbings 6. (buchfreund.de)
Purification and Assembly of Human Argonaute, Dicer, and TRBP Complexes Nabanita De and Ian J. MacRae 9. (buchfreund.de)
Biochemical isolation of Argonaute protein complexes by Ago-APP. (cam.ac.uk)
In the nucleus, small RNA-Argonaute complexes recruit epigenetic modifying activities to genomic sites. (g3journal.org)
Here we show that using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) as the 5′ nucleotide of gRNAs stabilizes in vitro reconstituted CRISPR-associated Marinitoga piezophila Argonaute-gRNA complexes (MpAgo RNPs) and significantly improves their specificity and affinity for RNA targets. (pnas.org)
These RNA silencing effector complexes contain Argonaute family proteins. (wikipedia.org)

Detection of Human Dicer and Argonaute 2 Catalytic Activity Marjorie P. Perron, Patricia Landry, Isabelle Plante, and Patrick Provost 10. (buchfreund.de)
In eukaryotes, the nucleases Dicer and Argonaute 2 (hAgo2) are part of the RNA interference system that plays a role in antiviral defense (Ipsaro and Joshua-Tor 2015). (deepdyve.com)

Argonaute proteins are segregated into three paralogous groups: the AGO-like subfamily, the PIWI-like subfamily, and the WAGO subfamily (for Worm specific AGO). (lu.se)
We reported here a unique ORF encoding for an AGO/PIWI protein in T. cruzi which was expressed in all stages of its life cycle at the transcript as well as the protein level. (lu.se)
Our results strongly suggested that this unique AGO/PIWI protein from T. cruzi is a canonical Argonaute in terms of its domain architecture. (lu.se)
We propose to reclassify all Argonaute members from trypanosomatids as a distinctive phylogenetic group representing a new subfamily of Argonaute proteins and propose the generic designation of AGO/PIWI-tryp to identify them. (lu.se)
Combining the experimental phases of the mercury with molecular replacement of the PIWI domain (the domain most conserved in Ago proteins) did unfortunately not improve the electron density maps. (nature.com)
Our studies on transgene silencing in C. elegans have uncovered an RNA surveillance system in which the PIWI protein, PRG-1, uses a vast repertoire of piRNAs to recognize foreign transcripts and to initiate epigenetic silencing. (umassmed.edu)
The expression of Ago proteins in HeLa lysate was tested with an antibody that specifically binds to the C-terminal PIWI domain. (sciencematters.io)
In neurons, a specific piRNA is induced by serotonin and inhibition of the Piwi protein abolished the serotonin-dependent methylation increase of a CpG island within the promoter of the CREB2 gene whose protein product is important for the persistence of memory. (g3journal.org)
Once the Argonaute is associated with the small RNA, the enzymatic activity conferred by the PIWI domain cleaves only the passenger strand of the small interfering RNA. (wikipedia.org)
In plants, once de novo double-stranded (ds) RNA duplexes are generated with the target mRNA, an unknown RNase-III-like enzyme produces new siRNAs, which are then loaded onto the Argonaute proteins containing PIWI domains, lacking the catalytic amino acid residues, which might induce another level of specific gene silencing. (wikipedia.org)
The argonaute (AGO) gene family encodes for four characteristic domains: N- terminal, PAZ, Mid and a C-terminal PIWI domain. (wikipedia.org)
The PAZ domain is named after proteins PIWI, AGO, and Zwille, whereby it is found to be conserved. (wikipedia.org)

Argonaute proteins have been shown to play a critical role in post-transcriptional gene silencing in eukaryotes;however, their biological function in bacteria remains almost entirely uncharacterized. (grantome.com)
These studies should provide important insights into the biological function of a bacterial protein that has played a pivotal role as a paradigm for understanding the structure and enzymatic activity of homologous Argonaute proteins in eukaryotes. (grantome.com)
Here we briefly review available data on the RNA interference processes and Argonaute proteins in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. (chemweb.com)
Argonaute proteins are present in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. (pnas.org)

Markov State Models Reveal a Two-Step Mechanism of miRNA Loading into the Human Argonaute Protein: Selective Binding followed by Structural Re-arrangement. (inria.fr)
Conformations in this open state are distinguished by their largely exposed binding grooves that can geometrically accommodate miRNA as indicated in our protein-RNA docking studies. (inria.fr)
During microRNA (miRNA)-guided gene silencing, Argonaute (Ago) proteins interact with a member of the TNRC6/GW protein family. (cam.ac.uk)
Furthermore, expression of this peptide competes for endogenous TNRC6 proteins, leading to global inhibition of miRNA function in mammalian cells. (cam.ac.uk)
By chopping up Argonaute proteins from fruit flies and testing each piece individually, the team showed that allostery stimulated tenfold the binding of the Argonaute and miRNA complex to messenger RNA. (innovations-report.com)
The Argonaute 2 (Ago2) protein is an essential effector protein in miRNA-mediated mechanisms that regulate gene expression. (sciencematters.io)
miRNA regulatory function depends on the miRNA directly binding to an Argonaute (Ago) protein, forming the RNA Induced Silencing Complex (RISC). (sciencematters.io)
Also the degree of complementarity between the two strands of the intermediate RNA duplex defines how the miRNA are sorted into different types of Argonaute proteins. (wikipedia.org)
In animals, Argonaute associated with miRNA binds to the 3'-untranslated region of mRNA and prevents the production of proteins in various ways. (wikipedia.org)
The Argonaute-miRNA complex can also affect the formation of functional ribosomes at the 5'-end of the mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
Also, the Argonaute-miRNA complex can adjust protein production by recruiting cellular factors such as peptides or post translational modifying enzymes, which degrade the growing of polypeptides. (wikipedia.org)

In both computer and test-tube studies using fruit-fly protein, the Johns Hopkins researchers intensively studied a fairly large protein called Argonaute because it is known to bind to microRNA and ultimately shut down protein production. (innovations-report.com)
In this study, the team discovered that when an Argonaute binds to a microRNA, it then binds more tightly to a messenger RNA thereby sequestering the message from the translation machine known as the ribosome where protein production happens. (innovations-report.com)

New Jersey online Plant Argonaute Proteins: Methods and Protocols publication owned Lorre Wyatt. (allstarasphalt.com)
Evolution, functions, and mysteries of plant ARGONAUTE proteins. (semanticscholar.org)

A Family of RNA-Binding Proteins that has specificity for MicroRNAs and Small Interfering RNA molecules. (online-medical-dictionary.org)
Argonaute (Ago) proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) are central components in RNA interference, which is a key cellular mechanism for sequence-specific gene silencing. (inria.fr)
It is well appreciated that microRNAs, siRNAs and the Argonaute proteins with which they associate make critical contributions to cellular function. (grantome.com)
Johns Hopkins scientists believe they may have figured out how genetic snippets called microRNAs are able to shut down the production of some proteins. (innovations-report.com)
Previous studies have been inconclusive about the mechanism by which microRNAs bound to Argonautes prevent the production of protein from a given gene. (innovations-report.com)

Furthermore, the well established value of bacterial proteins as paradigms for understanding the function of their mammalian homologues makes us confident that the proposed studies will provide important new insights into the function of eukaryotic Argonaute proteins. (grantome.com)
This activity of prokaryotic Argonautes might potentially be used to edit eukaryotic genomes. (chemweb.com)

Willkomm, Sarah;Makarova, Kira S;Grohmann, Dina 2018-03-20 00:00:00 Abstract Argonaute (Ago) proteins are encoded in all three domains of life and are responsible for the regulation of intracellular nucleic acid levels. (deepdyve.com)

Addgene: Genome-wide analysis of mRNAs regulated by Drosha and Argonaute proteins in Drosophila melanogaster. (addgene.org)
Using Thermus thermophilus as a model prokaryotic organism, I will employ molecular genetics methods to characterize the nucleic acids associated with a bacterial Argonaute protein, to examine the regulatory effects of Argonaute on bacterial mRNAs, and to identify additional proteins involved in Argonaute-mediated gene silencing in bacteria. (grantome.com)

In Argonaute Proteins: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in this burgeoning field provide detailed, up-to-date methods to study Argonaute protein functions and interactions in a wide variety of cell types ranging from yeast to mammalian systems, as well as in vitro. (buchfreund.de)

Here we present mechanistic insights into the interactions of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated Marinitoga piezophila Argonaute (MpAgo) with its guide RNA (gRNA) and RNA substrates. (pnas.org)

Argonaute, DNA-guided DNA silencing, antiviral defense, archaea, bacteria, prokaryotic Argonaute INTRODUCTION Cellular live depends on the integrity of the genetic information stored in a cell. (deepdyve.com)
However, the molecular mechanisms of small nucleic acid biogenesis and the functions of Argonaute proteins, in particular in bacteria and archaea, remain largely unknown. (chemweb.com)

Whereas some Ago variants are able to cleave target nucleic acids by their endonucleolytic activity, others only bind to their target nucleic acids while target cleavage is mediated by other effector proteins. (deepdyve.com)

Both proteins contain GW (glycine and tryptophan) repeats, which are characteristic of several Argonaute-interacting proteins in other organisms. (asm.org)
Argonaute proteins are also found in prokaryotic organisms. (chemweb.com)
Argonautes (Agos) are nucleic acid-guided proteins present in organisms from all three domains of life ( 1 ). (pnas.org)

Site-specific cleavage is carried out by argonaute-2 (Ago2), while all four mammalian argonaute proteins (Ago1-Ago4) can carry out non-cleavage-mediated inhibition, suggesting that Ago1, Ago3 and Ago4 may have similar but potentially redundant functions. (uni-hd.de)
In human cells, we discovered a previously unidentified ~55 kDa protein that is a truncated form of Ago2, that is formed from proteolytic cleavage of the full length Ago2 protein. (sciencematters.io)

We have found that another Argonaute, CSR-1, and its siRNAs-also synthesized by RdRP-protect endogenous genes from silencing by RNAe. (umassmed.edu)

DNA silencing by prokaryotic Argonaute proteins adds a new layer of defense against invading. (deepdyve.com)
The majority of the to date characterized prokaryotic Ago proteins appear to rely on 5′-phosphorylated DNA guides, which are typically 19-25 nt in length. (nature.com)
By studying the biological function of bacterial Argonautes, we will gain insight into a novel mechanism of prokaryotic gene regulation that is not yet understood. (grantome.com)
Recent studies have shown that prokaryotic Argonautes can also cleave their target nucleic acids, in particular DNA. (chemweb.com)

Argonaute protein which is involved in the endogenous small interfering RNA (endo-siRNA) pathway. (mybiosource.com)
Endogenous and recombinant Ago2 can form a stable, truncated protein: halfAgo2. (sciencematters.io)

2008. Comparative analysis of argonaute-dependent small RNA pathways in Drosophila . (rockefeller.edu)
Thus worms have evolved a remarkable nucleic acids immunity mechanism in which opposing Argonaute pathways generate and maintain epigenetic memories of self and non-self nucleotide sequences. (umassmed.edu)

Here we used a short GW protein-derived peptide fused to GST and demonstrate that it binds to Ago proteins with high affinity. (cam.ac.uk)
Using an alternate Ago2-specific siRNA that binds to the 3`UTR of the FL gene (Ago2 3`UTR) both FL Ago2 and halfAgo2 protein expression is similarly decreased when compared to control. (sciencematters.io)

When a single-stranded RNA matches the guide RNA's sequence, Argonaute cleaves the targeted RNA, thereby preventing it from serving as a template for protein production. (bioquicknews.com)

There are two main requirements for mRNA degradation to take place: a near-perfect complementary match between the guide strand and target mRNA sequence, and, a catalytically active Argonaute protein, called a 'slicer', to cleave the target mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
The recruitment of Argonaute proteins to targeted mRNA can induce mRNA degradation. (wikipedia.org)

However, structure determination proved to be difficult since molecular replacement using available structures of homologous Ago-protein did not work due to their low sequence identity. (nature.com)

2017) we provide biochemical data and X-ray crystal structures of the Ago protein from M. jannaschii . (nature.com)
You can learn a lot from biochemical experiments, but to more fully understand a protein like Argonaute, it's useful to know where all of the atoms are and which amino acids are playing important roles," says Whitehead Institute Member Dr. David Bartel, who is also an MIT professor of biology and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) investigator. (bioquicknews.com)

Although all Ago proteins show a high degree of overall structural homology, the nature of the nucleic acid binding partners differs significantly. (deepdyve.com)
Another family of such nucleic acid-guided endonucleases are Argonaute (Ago) proteins, which are found in all three domains of life. (nature.com)
Note: a general mechanism of Ago-protein action is that binding of the guide nucleic acid results in solvent-exposure of the Watson-Crick faces of the nucleobases of the so-called seed region. (nature.com)

The scientists speculate that as a result of being bound, the messenger RNA was prevented from doing its job of delivering a gene's instructions to the ribosome that translates them and manufactures proteins. (innovations-report.com)
also bound to a previously unidentified protein of approximately 55 kDa. (sciencematters.io)
Researchers at the Whitehead Institute and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center have defined and analyzed the crystal structure of a yeast Argonaute protein bound to RNA. (bioquicknews.com)
Argonaute proteins are the active part of RNA-induced silencing complex, cleaving the target mRNA strand complementary to their bound siRNA. (wikipedia.org)

The team set out to characterize Argonautes first using computers to compare their shapes and structures with other proteins. (innovations-report.com)

To achieve their effectors functions, sRNAs associate with members of the Argonaute protein family. (lu.se)

FL Ago2 and halfAgo2 protein levels accumulate when the proteasome is inhibited by MG132 treatment in HeLa cells. (sciencematters.io)
The objective of this study was to investigate this 55 kDa protein, and to test our hypothesis that this protein is a truncated form of FL human Ago2. (sciencematters.io)
We initially observed the unidentified 55 kDa protein, predicted to be a truncated Ago2 protein which includes the N-terminus of the FL Ago2 protein, in HeLa cells. (sciencematters.io)

This finding has implications for the evolutionary conservation of Ago proteins in the mammalian lineage and the biological role that potentially redundant Ago proteins may have. (uni-hd.de)

Custom ELISA Kits, Recombinant Proteins and Antibodies can be designed, manufactured and produced according to the researcher's specifications. (mybiosource.com)
Abcam: antibodies, proteins, kits. (abcam.com)
The activity of key components of the insulin signaling cascade was assessed by immunoblotting using phospho-specific antibodies to insulin receptor substrate IRS1 (Tyr612), Akt (Thr308 and Ser473), and AS160 (Ser318) protein that regulates translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the plasma membrane. (chemweb.com)
It was demonstrated recently that antibodies from SCZD patients efficiently hydrolyze DNA and myelin basic protein. (chemweb.com)

The broad objectives of this work are to understand the regulatory influence of Argonaute proteins on bacterial gene expression. (grantome.com)
By exploiting this pathway, scientists are able to knock down the expression of specific proteins and thereby determine their roles within the cell or organism. (bioquicknews.com)

In plants, the generation of these sRNAs mainly depends on some proteins encoded by respective Dicer-like (DCL), Argonaute (AGO) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDR) gene families. (semanticscholar.org)

IR significantly reduced phosphorylation levels of all the above-mentioned proteins. (chemweb.com)

Stem-cell protein Piwil2 is widely expressed in tumors and inhibits apoptosis through activation of Stat3/Bcl-XL pathway. (semanticscholar.org)

The evolutionary journey of Argonaute proteins. (mskcc.org)

The method of inhibition is via the destruction of specific mRNA molecules or by simply suppressing the protein translation. (wikipedia.org)

If you cannot find the target and/or product is not available in our catalog, please click here to contact us and request the product or submit your request for custom elisa kit production , custom recombinant protein production or custom antibody production . (mybiosource.com)
a href='/help/protein_existence' target='_top'>More. (uniprot.org)

One strand of the small RNA duplex is subsequently loaded onto the Argonaute protein to yield an active RNA-induced silencing complex. (mskcc.org)

We refer to our method as 'Ago protein Affinity Purification by Peptides' (Ago-APP). (cam.ac.uk)

p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence. (uniprot.org)

Note that the 'protein existence' evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence(s) displayed. (uniprot.org)
p>This subsection of the 'Names and taxonomy' section indicates the name(s) of the gene(s) that code for the protein sequence(s) described in the entry. (uniprot.org)
At least half of the human genome is characterized as repetitive sequence that does not code for proteins. (g3journal.org)

It is thought currently that a fully formed glycogen molecule (β-particle) with the self-glycosylating protein glycogenin in the center has a spherical shape with diameter of ~42 nm and contains ~ 55,000 glucose residues. (chemweb.com)
The glycogen molecule also includes numerous proteins involved in its synthesis and degradation, as well as proteins performing a carcass function. (chemweb.com)

These studies provide new insights into Argonaute protein function, motivating the next series of questions in the field. (innovations-report.com)
These modifications can alter protein function, stability, and localisation. (sciencematters.io)

They play roles in all manner of development, and Argonautes are the main class of protein involved in regulating them. (innovations-report.com)

However, the type and force of bonds connecting these proteins to the polysaccharide moiety of glycogen are significantly different. (chemweb.com)