AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Argonaute ProteinsEukaryotic Initiation FactorsRNA-Induced Silencing ComplexRNA InterferenceRibonuclease IIIMicroRNAsRNA, Small InterferingAlpha-AmanitinEukaryotic Initiation Factor-2Cytoplasmic StructuresGene SilencingRNA-Binding ProteinsRNA, GuideDrosophila ProteinsRNA StabilityCaenorhabditis elegans ProteinsPeptide Initiation FactorsRNA, Double-StrandedProtein Structure, TertiaryCaenorhabditis elegansDrosophila melanogasterRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalRNA, MessengerGerm CellsImmunoprecipitationMolecular Sequence DataDrosophilaProtein BindingMutationBase SequenceRNACell LineGene Expression RegulationAmino Acid SequenceRNA, PlantRNA CleavageBinding SitesRNA, HelminthArabidopsis Proteins
Argonaute Proteins: A family of RNA-binding proteins that has specificity for MICRORNAS and SMALL INTERFERING RNA molecules. The proteins take part in RNA processing events as core components of RNA-induced silencing complex.Eukaryotic Initiation Factors: Peptide initiation factors from eukaryotic organisms. Over twelve factors are involved in PEPTIDE CHAIN INITIATION, TRANSLATIONAL in eukaryotic cells. Many of these factors play a role in controlling the rate of MRNA TRANSLATION.RNA-Induced Silencing Complex: A multicomponent, ribonucleoprotein complex comprised of one of the family of ARGONAUTE PROTEINS and the "guide strand" of the one of the 20- to 30-nucleotide small RNAs. RISC cleaves specific RNAs, which are targeted for degradation by homology to these small RNAs. Functions in regulating gene expression are determined by the specific argonaute protein and small RNA including siRNA (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING), miRNA (MICRORNA), or piRNA (PIWI-INTERACTING RNA).RNA Interference: A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.Ribonuclease III: An endoribonuclease that is specific for double-stranded RNA. It plays a role in POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL RNA PROCESSING of pre-RIBOSOMAL RNA and a variety of other RNA structures that contain double-stranded regions.MicroRNAs: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.RNA, Small Interfering: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.Alpha-Amanitin: A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2: Eukaryotic initiation factor of protein synthesis. In higher eukaryotes the factor consists of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. As initiation proceeds, eIF-2 forms a ternary complex with Met-tRNAi and GTP.Cytoplasmic Structures: Components of the cytoplasm excluding the CYTOSOL.Gene Silencing: Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.RNA-Binding Proteins: Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.RNA, Guide: Small kinetoplastid mitochondrial RNA that plays a major role in RNA EDITING. These molecules form perfect hybrids with edited mRNA sequences and possess nucleotide sequences at their 5'-ends that are complementary to the sequences of the mRNA's immediately downstream of the pre-edited regions.Drosophila Proteins: Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.RNA Stability: The extent to which an RNA molecule retains its structural integrity and resists degradation by RNASE, and base-catalyzed HYDROLYSIS, under changing in vivo or in vitro conditions.Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins: Proteins from the nematode species CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. The proteins from this species are the subject of scientific interest in the area of multicellular organism MORPHOGENESIS.Peptide Initiation Factors: Protein factors uniquely required during the initiation phase of protein synthesis in GENETIC TRANSLATION.RNA, Double-Stranded: RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.Protein Structure, Tertiary: The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.Caenorhabditis elegans: A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.Drosophila melanogaster: A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional: Post-transcriptional biological modification of messenger, transfer, or ribosomal RNAs or their precursors. It includes cleavage, methylation, thiolation, isopentenylation, pseudouridine formation, conformational changes, and association with ribosomal protein.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Germ Cells: The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during GAMETOGENESIS.Immunoprecipitation: The aggregation of soluble ANTIGENS with ANTIBODIES, alone or with antibody binding factors such as ANTI-ANTIBODIES or STAPHYLOCOCCAL PROTEIN A, into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Drosophila: A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.RNA: A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.RNA, Plant: Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.RNA Cleavage: A reaction that severs one of the sugar-phosphate linkages of the phosphodiester backbone of RNA. It is catalyzed enzymatically, chemically, or by radiation. Cleavage may be exonucleolytic, or endonucleolytic.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.RNA, Helminth: Ribonucleic acid in helminths having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.Arabidopsis Proteins: Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

Stem cells: A tale of two kingdoms. (1/823)

Homologous genes have recently been shown to regulate stem cell maintenance in animals and plants. This discovery should facilitate elucidation of the poorly understood factors that control stem cell maintenance and differentiation.  (+info)

piwi encodes a nucleoplasmic factor whose activity modulates the number and division rate of germline stem cells. (2/823)

piwi represents the first class of genes known to be required for stem cell self-renewal in diverse organisms. In the Drosophila ovary, piwi is required in somatic signaling cells to maintain germline stem cells. Here we show that piwi encodes a novel nucleoplasmic protein present in both somatic and germline cells, with the highly conserved C-terminal region essential for its function. Removing PIWI protein from single germline stem cells significantly decreases the rate of their division. This suggests that PIWI has a second role as a cell-autonomous promoter of germline stem cell division. Consistent with its dual function, over-expression of piwi in somatic cells causes an increase both in the number of germline stem cells and the rate of their division. Thus, PIWI is a key regulator of stem cell division - its somatic expression modulates the number of germline stem cells and the rate of their division, while its germline expression also contributes to promoting stem cell division in a cell-autonomous manner.  (+info)

AGO1, QDE-2, and RDE-1 are related proteins required for post-transcriptional gene silencing in plants, quelling in fungi, and RNA interference in animals. (3/823)

Introduction of transgene DNA may lead to specific degradation of RNAs that are homologous to the transgene transcribed sequence through phenomena named post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in plants, quelling in fungi, and RNA interference (RNAi) in animals. It was shown previously that PTGS, quelling, and RNAi require a set of related proteins (SGS2, QDE-1, and EGO-1, respectively). Here we report the isolation of Arabidopsis mutants impaired in PTGS which are affected at the Argonaute1 (AGO1) locus. AGO1 is similar to QDE-2 required for quelling and RDE-1 required for RNAi. Sequencing of ago1 mutants revealed one amino acid essential for PTGS that is also present in QDE-2 and RDE-1 in a highly conserved motif. Taken together, these results confirm the hypothesis that these processes derive from a common ancestral mechanism that controls expression of invading nucleic acid molecules at the post-transcriptional level. As opposed to rde-1 and qde-2 mutants, which are viable, ago1 mutants display several developmental abnormalities, including sterility. These results raise the possibility that PTGS, or at least some of its elements, could participate in the regulation of gene expression during development in plants.  (+info)

A global profile of germline gene expression in C. elegans. (4/823)

We used DNA microarrays to profile gene expression patterns in the C. elegans germline and identified 1416 germline-enriched transcripts that define three groups. The sperm-enriched group contains an unusually large number of protein kinases and phosphatases. The oocyte-enriched group includes potentially new components of embryonic signaling pathways. The germline-intrinsic group, defined as genes expressed similarly in germlines making only sperm or only oocytes, contains a family of piwi-related genes that may be important for stem cell proliferation. Finally, examination of the chromosomal location of germline transcripts revealed that sperm-enriched and germline-intrinsic genes are nearly absent from the X chromosome, but oocyte-enriched genes are not.  (+info)

Human CD34(+) stem cells express the hiwi gene, a human homologue of the Drosophila gene piwi. (5/823)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by their dual abilities to undergo differentiation into multiple hematopoietic cell lineages or to undergo self-renewal. The molecular basis of these properties remains poorly understood. Recently the piwi gene was found in the embryonic germline stem cells (GSCs) of Drosophila melanogaster and has been shown to be important in GSC self-renewal. This study demonstrated that hiwi, a novel human homologue of piwi, is also present in human CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells but not in more differentiated cell populations. Placing CD34(+) cells into culture conditions that supported differentiation and rapid exit from the stem cell compartment resulted in a loss of hiwi expression by day 5 of a 14-day culture period. Expression of the hiwi gene was detected in many developing fetal and adult tissues. By means of 5' RACE cloning methodology, a novel putative full-length hiwi complementary DNA was cloned from human CD34(+) marrow cells. At the amino acid level, the human HIWI protein was 52% homologous to the Drosophila protein. The transient expression of hiwi in the human leukemia cell line KG1 resulted in a dramatic reduction in cellular proliferation. Overexpression of hiwi led to programmed cell death of KG1 cells as demonstrated by the Annexin V assay system. These studies suggest that hiwi maybe an important negative developmental regulator, which, in part, underlies the unique biologic properties associated with hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.  (+info)

Stem cells: so what's in a niche? (6/823)

Much effort is being invested in defining the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that control stem cell maintenance and proliferation. Recent studies have identified a signaling hierarchy involved in coordinating the proliferation of germ line and somatic stem cells in the Drosophila ovary.  (+info)

Yb modulates the divisions of both germline and somatic stem cells through piwi- and hh-mediated mechanisms in the Drosophila ovary. (7/823)

The coordinated division of distinctive types of stem cells within an organ is crucial for organogenesis and homeostasis. Here we show genetic interactions among fs(1)Yb (Yb), piwi, and hedgehog (hh) that regulate the division of both germline stem cells (GSCs) and somatic stem cells (SSCs), the two constituent stem cell populations of the Drosophila ovary. Yb is required for both GSC and SSC divisions; loss of Yb function eliminates GSCs and reduces SSC division, while Yb overexpression increases GSC number and causes SSC overproliferation. We also show that Yb acts via the piwi- and hh-mediated signaling pathways that emanate from the same signaling cells to control GSC and SSC division, respectively. hh signaling also has a minor effect in GSC division.  (+info)

Argonaute2, a link between genetic and biochemical analyses of RNAi. (8/823)

Double-stranded RNA induces potent and specific gene silencing through a process referred to as RNA interference (RNAi) or posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). RNAi is mediated by RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a sequence-specific, multicomponent nuclease that destroys messenger RNAs homologous to the silencing trigger. RISC is known to contain short RNAs ( approximately 22 nucleotides) derived from the double-stranded RNA trigger, but the protein components of this activity are unknown. Here, we report the biochemical purification of the RNAi effector nuclease from cultured Drosophila cells. The active fraction contains a ribonucleoprotein complex of approximately 500 kilodaltons. Protein microsequencing reveals that one constituent of this complex is a member of the Argonaute family of proteins, which are essential for gene silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans, Neurospora, and Arabidopsis. This observation begins the process of forging links between genetic analysis of RNAi from diverse organisms and the biochemical model of RNAi that is emerging from Drosophila in vitro systems.  (+info)

A Tetrahymena Hsp90 co‐chaperone promotes siRNA loading by ATP‐dependent and ATP‐independent mechanisms | The EMBO JournalA Tetrahymena Hsp90 co‐chaperone promotes siRNA loading by ATP‐dependent and ATP‐independent mechanisms | The EMBO Journal
Small RNA‐mediated silencing pathways regulate a variety of cellular processes in eukaryotes (Dueck & Meister, 2014). Their effector complex, the RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC), consists of an Argonaute protein bound by an approximately 20‐ to 30‐nt small RNA. Three major classes of Argonaute‐bound small RNAs exist. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are processed from double‐stranded RNA precursors by the RNase III enzyme Dicer. They are loaded into the AGO subfamily of Argonaute proteins as an RNA duplex, and one of the two strands (the passenger strand) is then removed to form a mature RISC. In contrast, the third class of small RNAs, Piwi‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs), are suggested to be produced from single‐stranded precursor RNAs independently of Dicer and are loaded into the Piwi subfamily of Argonaute proteins.. In vitro RISC assembly assays using cell extracts have demonstrated that Hsp90 and Hsp90 co‐chaperones enhance the loading of miRNAs and ...
Argonautes: A big turn-off for proteinsArgonautes: A big turn-off for proteins
The team set out to characterize Argonautes first using computers to compare their shapes and structures with other proteins. They found striking similarities between Argonaute structures and proteins that happened to exhibit a particular kind of "cooperative binding" known as allostery.. Allostery is a condition in which the binding of one molecule stimulates the binding of a second.. By chopping up Argonaute proteins from fruit flies and testing each piece individually, the team showed that allostery stimulated tenfold the binding of the Argonaute and miRNA complex to messenger RNA. The scientists speculate that as a result of being bound, the messenger RNA was prevented from doing its job of delivering a genes instructions to the ribosome that translates them and manufactures proteins. These studies provide new insights into Argonaute protein function, motivating the next series of questions in the field.. "MicroRNAs are all the rage," Green says. "Suddenly, in the last 10 years, theres ...
Gene segments from other organisms, such as viruses, are detected as | EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Activate AutophagyGene segments from other organisms, such as viruses, are detected as | EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Activate Autophagy
Gene segments from other organisms, such as viruses, are detected as foreign and targeted for silencing by RNAi pathways. al. 2001; Ketting et al. 2001), the Argonaute protein RDE-1 (Tabara et al. 1999), and a dsRNA-binding protein, RDE-4 (Tabara et al. 2002), as well as several effector Argonaute proteins. In addition, uses proteins shared with plants and fungi but few other animal species for the amplification of the RNAi responsemost importantly, RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) that amplify secondary siRNAs (Sijen et al. 2001). Exogenous RNAi triggers not only destruction of the targeted mRNA in the cytoplasm but cotranscriptional silencing of the same target genes, mediated by the NRDE proteins (including an Argonaute protein, NRDE-3, which shuttles siRNAs from the cytoplasm into the nucleus), to inhibit RNA polymerase II elongation and induce deposition of H3K9me3 chromatin marks around the genetic locus targeted by complementary siRNAs (Guang et al. 2008, 2010; Burkhart et al. 2011; ...
Archive - Jun 22, 2012 | www.bioquicknews.comArchive - Jun 22, 2012 | www.bioquicknews.com
Researchers at the Whitehead Institute and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center have defined and analyzed the crystal structure of a yeast Argonaute protein bound to RNA. This complex plays a key role in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway that silences gene expression. Describing the molecular structure of a eukaryotic Argonaute protein has been a goal of the RNAi field for close to a decade. "You can learn a lot from biochemical experiments, but to more fully understand a protein like Argonaute, its useful to know where all of the atoms are and which amino acids are playing important roles," says Whitehead Institute Member Dr. David Bartel, who is also an MIT professor of biology and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) investigator. "Learning the Argonaute crystal structure is an important step in understanding the RNAi biochemical pathway and will be the basis for many future experiments." The yeast Argonaute structure is described in the June 21, 2012 issue of Nature. In humans and ...
Major core protein in plants helps fight infection - NaturalNews.comMajor core protein in plants helps fight infection - NaturalNews.com
RNA interference (RNAi) is a critical mechanism in cells. Many lifeforms use it to control gene expression and the functions linked to these genes.. RNAi works by turning off genes so that the latter cannot activate and sustain the processes associated with it. The process is called "gene silencing.". An earlier study conducted in Jins laboratory revealed that one of the 10 Argonaute proteins got produced in higher numbers during bacterial infections. This protein bolstered the immune response of the plant against the disease. The higher its levels, the stronger the immunity of the plant.. However, increasing the Argonaute protein levels did have a drawback. The energy that went into the growth of the plant got diverted to the immune system. As a result, plants with high levels of the protein might end up stunted in size. In essence, the plant traded long-term growth for short-term survival against potentially lethal diseases.. During normal conditions, the Argonaute protein and its small RNAs ...
Molecular evolution and diversification of the Argonaute family of proteins in plants | BMC Plant Biology | Full TextMolecular evolution and diversification of the Argonaute family of proteins in plants | BMC Plant Biology | Full Text
Argonaute (AGO) proteins form the core of the RNA-induced silencing complex, a central component of the smRNA machinery. Although reported from several plant species, little is known about their evolution. Moreover, these genes have not yet been cloned from the ecological model plant, Nicotiana attenuata, in which the smRNA machinery is known to mediate important ecological traits. Here, we not only identify 11 AGOs in N. attenuata, we further annotate 133 genes in 17 plant species, previously not annotated in the Phytozome database, to increase the number of plant AGOs to 263 genes from 37 plant species. We report the phylogenetic classification, expansion, and diversification of AGOs in the plant kingdom, which resulted in the following hypothesis about their evolutionary history: an ancestral AGO underwent duplication events after the divergence of unicellular green algae, giving rise to four major classes with subsequent gains/losses during the radiation of higher plants, resulting in the large
E-GEOD-46100 - A transcriptome-wide RNAi screen in the Drosophila ovary reveals factors of the germline piRNA pathway [RNA-Seq]...E-GEOD-46100 - A transcriptome-wide RNAi screen in the Drosophila ovary reveals factors of the germline piRNA pathway [RNA-Seq]...
The Drosophila piRNA pathway provides an RNA-based immune system that defends the germline genome against selfish genetic elements. Two inter-related branches of the piRNA system exist: somatic cells that support oogenesis only employ Piwi, whereas germ cells utilize a more elaborated pathway centered on the three gonad-specific Argonaute proteins Piwi, Aubergine, and Argonaute3. While several key factors of each branch have been identified, our current knowledge is insufficient to explain the complex workings of the piRNA machinery. Here, we report a reverse genetic screen spanning the ovarian transcriptome in an attempt to uncover the full repertoire of genes required for piRNA-mediated transposon silencing in the female germline. Our screen reveals new key factors of piRNA-mediated transposon silencing, including the novel piRNA biogenesis factors, CG2183 (GASZ) and Deadlock. Last, our data uncovers a previously unanticipated set of factors preferentially required for repression of different
Argonaute proteinsArgonaute proteins
Malone, C. D., J. Brennecke, M. Dus, A. Stark, W. R. McCombie, R. Sachidanandam, and G. J. Hannon. 2009. Specialized piRNA pathways act in germline and somatic tissues of the drosophila ovary. Cell. 137:522-535.. Czech, B., C. D. Malone, R. Zhou, A. Stark, C. Schlingeheyde, M. Dus, N. Perrimon, et al. 2008. An endogenous small interfering RNA pathway in Drosophila. Nature. 453(7196):798-802.. Tam, O. H., A. A. Aravin, P. Stein, A. Girard, E. P. Murchison, S. Cheloufi, E. Hodges, et al. 2008. Pseudogene-derived small interfering RNAs regulate gene expression in mouse oocytes. Nature. 453(7194):534-538.. Zhou, R., I. Hotta, A. M. Denli, P. Hong, N. Perrimon, and G. J. Hannon. 2008. Comparative analysis of argonaute-dependent small RNA pathways in Drosophila. Molecular Cell. 32(4):592-599.. Aravin, A. A., G. J. Hannon, and J. Brennecke. 2007. The piwi-piRNA pathway provides an adaptive defense in the transposon arms race. Science. 318(5851): 761-764.. Brennecke, J., C. D. Malone, A. A. Aravin, R. ...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Bacterial Expression of Mouse Argonaute 2 for Functional and Mutational StudiesIJMS | Free Full-Text | Bacterial Expression of Mouse Argonaute 2 for Functional and Mutational Studies
RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional gene-silencing process that occurs in many eukaryotic organisms upon intracellular exposure to double-stranded RNA. Argonaute 2 (Ago2) protein is the catalytic engine of mammalian RNAi. It contains a PIWI domain that is structurally related to RNases H and possibly shares with them a two-metal-ion catalysis mechanism. Here we describe the expression in E. coli of mouse Ago2 and testing of its enzymatic activity in a RISC assay, i.e., for the ability to cleave a target RNA in a single position specified by a complementary small interfering RNA (siRNA). The results show that the enzyme can load the siRNA and cleave the complementary RNA in absence of other cellular factors, as described for human Ago2. It was also found that mutation of Arg669, a residue previously proposed to be involved in substrate and/or B metal ion binding, doesnt affect the enzymatic activity, suggesting that this residue doesnt belong to the active site.
Tnrc6a - Trinucleotide repeat-containing gene 6A protein - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Tnrc6a gene & proteinTnrc6a - Trinucleotide repeat-containing gene 6A protein - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Tnrc6a gene & protein
Plays a role in RNA-mediated gene silencing by both micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Required for miRNA-dependent repression of translation and for siRNA-dependent endonucleolytic cleavage of complementary mRNAs by argonaute family proteins As scaffoldng protein associates with argonaute proteins bound to partially complementary mRNAs and simultaneously can recruit CCR4-NOT and PAN deadenylase complexes (By similarity).
ARGONAUTE 1 homeostasis invokes the coordinate action of the microRNA and siRNA pathways | EMBO ReportsARGONAUTE 1 homeostasis invokes the coordinate action of the microRNA and siRNA pathways | EMBO Reports
AGO1 mRNA contains a miR168 complementarity site that is cleaved through the slicer activity of the AGO1 protein (Vaucheret et al, 2004; Baumberger & Baulcombe, 2005; Qi et al, 2005). As transgene‐derived uncapped and unpolyadenylated RNAs have been shown to activate cosuppression (Gazzani et al, 2004; Luo & Chen, 2007), it is possible that miR168‐guided cleavage of AGO1 mRNA, which produces uncapped and unpolyadenylated cleavage fragments, contributes to the hyper‐susceptibility of AGO1 to cosuppression. To test this possibility, we engineered two constructs: pAGO1:4m‐AGO1‐GUS and pAGO1:Δ168‐AGO1‐GUS. The pAGO1:4m‐AGO1‐GUS construct contains the same sequence as pAGO1:168‐AGO1‐GUS but has silent mutations that create four additional mismatches between AGO1 mRNA and miR168, and render AGO1 resistant to miR168 regulation (Vaucheret et al, 2004). The pAGO1:Δ168‐AGO1‐GUS construct is expressed from the 1.5 kb AGO1 promoter and consists of the 5′ 387 nt of AGO1 mRNA ...
Other SubtypesOther Subtypes
piRNAs also serve while manuals for post-transcriptional repression (PTGS) of TEs. PTGS requires two additional PIWI proteins, Aub, and Ago3. The Aub/piRNA RNP complicated focuses on cytoplasmic mRNAs encoded from TEs and cleaves the mRNA by virtue of its slicer activity. Thus giving rise to fresh piRNAs called supplementary piRNAs, that are sense with regards to the canonical transposon mRNAs. These supplementary piRNAs are packed onto Ago3. The Ago3/piRNA RNP complicated focuses on precursor transcripts due to piRNA clusters. Following cleavage prompts the biogenesis of fresh piRNAs destined to Aub whose series is identical compared to that from the initiator piRNA. This loop of amplification, known as the ping-pong routine, amplifies silencing-competent piRNAs (Brennecke et al., 2007). Acting together, both of these mechanisms, PTGS and TGS, firmly repress TE transposition in the germ line and become guardians of genome integrity therefore. Interestingly, because the pool of piRNAs stated in ...
New RNA-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Controlling Gene Expression - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comNew RNA-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Controlling Gene Expression - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
A comprehensive review article in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, a peer-reviewed journal published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., details these advances.. Short strands of nucleic acids, called small RNAs, can be used for targeted gene silencing, making them attractive drug candidates. These small RNAs block gene expression through multiple RNA interference (RNAi) pathways, including two newly discovered pathways in which small RNAs bind to Argonaute proteins or other forms of RNA present in the cell nucleus, such as long non-coding RNAs and pre-mRNA.. Keith T. Gagnon, PhD, and David R. Corey, PhD, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, in Dallas, review common features shared by RNAi pathways for controlling gene expression and focus in detail on the potential for Argonaute-RNA complexes in gene regulation and other exciting new options for targeting emerging forms of non-coding RNAs and pre-mRNAs in the article "Argonaute and the Nuclear RNAs: New Pathways for RNA-Mediated Control of Gene ...
Recurrent and recent selective sweeps in the piRNA pathway by Alfred Simkin, Alex Wong et al."Recurrent and recent selective sweeps in the piRNA pathway" by Alfred Simkin, Alex Wong et al.
Uncontrolled transposable element (TE) insertions and excisions can cause chromosome breaks and mutations with dramatic deleterious effects. The PIWI interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway functions as an adaptive TE silencing system during germline development. Several essential piRNA pathway proteins appear to be rapidly evolving, suggesting that TEs and the silencing machinery may be engaged in a classical evolutionary arms race. Using a variety of molecular evolutionary and population genetic approaches, we find that the piRNA pathway genes rhino, krimper, and aubergine show patterns suggestive of extensive recurrent positive selection across Drosophila species. We speculate that selection on these proteins reflects crucial roles in silencing unfamiliar elements during vertical and horizontal transmission of TEs into naive populations and species, respectively.
Sequential rounds of RNA-dependent RNA transcription drive endogenous small-RNA biogenesis in the ERGO-1/Argonaute pathway |...Sequential rounds of RNA-dependent RNA transcription drive endogenous small-RNA biogenesis in the ERGO-1/Argonaute pathway |...
RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism of gene regulation directed by Argonaute (AGO) proteins in conjunction with their sequence-specific small RNA cofactors. A multitude of distinct AGO-mediated regulatory modules have been identified in plants, fungi, and animals (1). In all of these pathways, base pair interactions between the small RNA and a target molecule provide specificity, whereas the AGO protein, which contains a conserved nuclease domain, can direct silencing through target cleavage or through recruitment of transcriptional or posttranscriptional regulators.. AGO pathways can be triggered by natural or exogenous sources of double-stranded (ds)RNA. The Dicer family of RNase III-related enzymes processes dsRNA into small RNAs of 20-25 nucleotides (nt) in length (2). For example, micro (mi)RNAs are processed from genomically encoded hairpins and mediate AGO-dependent silencing at the posttranscriptional level (3-5). Short interfering (si)RNAs are processed from both endogenous and ...
For the Perfect Eggs, Roundworms Use Small RNAsFor the Perfect Eggs, Roundworms Use Small RNAs
Eggs differ from other growing cells, where nutrients are used to build up cell mass before division occurs," said Arshad Desai, PhD, professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine and member of Ludwig Cancer Researchs San Diego branch. "A frog egg, for example, makes about 3,000 cells by simply dividing into smaller and smaller cells, without growth. We were interested in understanding how eggs are able to do this.". Adding to the growing body of knowledge on small RNAs and how they influence cellular function, this study shows that small RNAs work together with an enzyme known as an Argonaute to help create the perfect C. elegans egg. The researchers based their study on earlier work showing that a specific Argonaute protein called CSR-1 affects chromosome distribution in the first division of the embryo that occurs after the egg is fertilized.. A prior study had suggested that CSR-1 influences cell division by helping to define centromeres -specialized regions on chromosome that help ...
Water-mediated recognition of t1-adenosine anchors Argonaute2 to microRNA targets - See more at: http://elifesciences.org...Water-mediated recognition of t1-adenosine anchors Argonaute2 to microRNA targets - See more at: http://elifesciences.org...
Journal Article: Water-mediated recognition of t1-adenosine anchors Argonaute2 to microRNA targets - See more at: http://elifesciences.org/content/early/2015/09/11/eLife.07646#sthash.CUHzGKUq.dpuf ...
Journal: Comparative biochemistry and physiology / Publication Year: 2019 / Source: 2019 v.229 / Subject: males - PubAg Search...Journal: Comparative biochemistry and physiology / Publication Year: 2019 / Source: 2019 v.229 / Subject: males - PubAg Search...
Piwi proteins comprise a subfamily of Argonaute that plays a major role in germline development by association with a distinct class of small RNAs called Piwi interacting RNA (piRNA). Although the functions of Piwi in the development of germline cells as well as transposon regulation were reported in a number of mammalians and insects, developmental expression and function of Piwi subfamily in cru ...
The Piwi-piRNA Pathway Provides an Adaptive Defense in the Transposon Arms Race | ScienceThe Piwi-piRNA Pathway Provides an Adaptive Defense in the Transposon Arms Race | Science
Increasingly complex networks of small RNAs act through RNA-interference (RNAi) pathways to regulate gene expression, to mediate antiviral responses, to organize chromosomal domains, and to restrain the spread of selfish genetic elements. Historically, RNAi has been defined as a response to double-stranded RNA. However, some small RNA species may not arise from double-stranded RNA precursors. Yet, like microRNAs and small interfering RNAs, such species guide Argonaute proteins to silencing targets through complementary base-pairing. Silencing can be achieved by corecruitment of accessory factors or through the activity of Argonaute itself, which often has endonucleolytic activity. As a specific and adaptive regulatory system, RNAi is used throughout eukarya, which indicates a long evolutionary history. A likely function of RNAi throughout that history is to protect the genome from both pathogenic and parasitic invaders.. ...
Novel localization of Argonaute 2 (AGO2) to human mitoc | Open-iNovel localization of Argonaute 2 (AGO2) to human mitoc | Open-i
Novel localization of Argonaute 2 (AGO2) to human mitochondria.A. Purity assessment of mitochondrial fraction. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) was assessed in
Gene Expression: Id be fired if that were my jobGene Expression: I'd be fired if that were my job
Things I learned from this paper and the associated preview include: You can predict whether an Argonaute protein will have RNA cleavage activity based on the conservation of three amino acid residues (two aspartic acids and a hisitidine); in an uncommon twist, humans actually have less of a protein class than other organisms, 8 AGOs as opposed to 27 in worms and 10 in mustard plants (flies have 5, so we are still superior to flies), ~50 in the Argonautika; multiple RNAi (endo- and exo-) pathways feed into the second (SAGO) step in the worm such that the availability of SAGOs can be a limiting factor, and increasing or decreasing the activity of one of the competing pathways can affect the efficiency of the other; worms have an endo-RNAi pathway that is somehow distinguishable from their miRNA pathway, though Im not sure what the distinction is just yet. My understanding was that I could call endogenously produced small interfering RNAs microRNAs. From their model, it looks like the endo-RNAi ...
PAZ domain superfamilyPAZ domain superfamily
The SCOP classification for the PAZ domain superfamily including the families contained in it. Additional information provided includes InterPro annotation (if available), Functional annotation, and SUPERFAMILY links to genome assignments, alignments, domain combinations, taxonomic visualisation and hidden Markov model information.
Argonaute 2 (a.a. 389-398) Antibody - ECM BiosciencesArgonaute 2 (a.a. 389-398) Antibody - ECM Biosciences
Several classes of small RNAs, including short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have been identified. MicroRNAs are about 21 nucleotides in length and have been implicated in many cellular processes such as development, differentiation, and stress response. These small R
Documentation/4.0 - Slicer WikiDocumentation/4.0 - Slicer Wiki
In Slicer 4, all new modules will begin as "Immature Extensions". They will progress to the status of "Mature Extensions", when they meet all the criteria listed below. In order to become part of the main Slicer distribution a discussion with the Slicer core team will have to be initiated after reaching the mature extension status. While extensions can be made available under many licenses, the main Slicer distribution will contain ONLY code under the slicer license, with no known IP liabilities ...
Documentation/Nightly/Acknowledgments - Slicer WikiDocumentation/Nightly/Acknowledgments - Slicer Wiki
To acknowledge 3D Slicer as a platform, please cite the Slicer web site (http://www.slicer.org) and the following publication when publishing work that uses or incorporates 3D SlicerL: Fedorov A., Beichel R., Kalpathy-Cramer J., Finet J., Fillion-Robin J-C., Pujol S., Bauer C., Jennings D., Fennessy F., Sonka M., Buatti J., Aylward S.R., Miller J.V., Pieper S., Kikinis R. 3D Slicer as an Image Computing Platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network. Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Nov;30(9):1323-41. PMID: 22770690. ...
AGO3 (argonaute RISC catalytic subunit 3) - KOMP (Knockout Mouse Project)AGO3 (argonaute RISC catalytic subunit 3) - KOMP (Knockout Mouse Project)
The KOMP Repository Collection is located at the MMRRC at the University of California, Davis and Childrens Hospital Oakland Research Institute. Question? Comments? For Mice, Cells, and germplasm please contact us at [email protected], US 1-888-KOMP-MICE or International +1-530-752-KOMP, or for vectors [email protected] or +1-510-450-7917 ...
Argonaute-2 N-Terminal Region Human E. coli | BioVendorArgonaute-2 N-Terminal Region Human E. coli | BioVendor
BioVendor - BioVendor Research and Diagnostic Products is a developer and manufacturer of immunoassays, recombinant proteins, antibodies and endotoxin-removal products.
Selected Science News: YALE SCIENTISTS FIND THAT GENES HAVE HELP IN DETERMINING OUR TRAITSSelected Science News: YALE SCIENTISTS FIND THAT GENES HAVE HELP IN DETERMINING OUR TRAITS
One school of thought suspected that Hsp-90 prevents the display of random abnormalities by suppressing the activities of "jumping genes" that can relocate to other areas of the genome and cause mutations. However, the Yale researchers report that their work with flies shows that a type of small RNA called Piwi-interacting RNA, or piRNA, acts in concert with Hsp-90 and another molecule to prevent both the creation of variants and the activation of existing genetic variants. Genes do play a role in protecting against harmful variations but probably work through actions of the molecules piRNA and Hsp-90 ...
3F73 ALIGNMENT OF GUIDE-TARGET SEED DUPLEX WITHIN AN ARGONAUTE SILENCING COMPLEX | 3F73 A | P15056 | BRAF | Serine/threonine...3F73 ALIGNMENT OF GUIDE-TARGET SEED DUPLEX WITHIN AN ARGONAUTE SILENCING COMPLEX | 3F73 A | P15056 | BRAF | Serine/threonine...
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PIRC102 Gene - GeneCards | PIRC102 RNA GenePIRC102 Gene - GeneCards | PIRC102 RNA Gene
Complete information for PIRC102 gene (RNA Gene), Piwi-Interacting RNA Cluster 102, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
PiRNA - VikipediPiRNA - Vikipedi
Türler üzerindeki piRNA dizilerindeki ve piwi işlevlerindeki geniş çeşitlilik, piRNA işlevselliğinin saptanmasında zorluk oluşturmaktadır.[21] Bununla birlikte, diğer küçük RNAlarda olduğu gibi, piRNAların gen susturulmasında,[1] özellikle transpozonların susturulmasında rol aldığı düşünülmektedir. piRNAların çoğunluğu transpozon dizilerine karşı antisens [11] olup transpozonların piRNA hedefi olduğu düşünülmüştür. Memelilerde transpozon susturulmasında piRNAların aktivitesinin embiriyo gelişimi boyunca önemli olduğu [17] ve C.elegans ve insanda piRNAların spermatogenez için gerekli olduğu görülmektedir.[21] RNA Susturma piRNAlar, RNA ile indüklenen bir susturma kompleksinin (RISC) oluşumu yoluyla RNA sessizleştirmesinde bir role sahiptir. piRNA, argonat protein ailesinden piwi proteinleri ile etkileşir. Bu proteinler memelilerin testislerinde etkindir ve omurgasız hayvanlarda germ hücresi ve kök hücre gelişiminde gereklidir. ...
Vedci vyvinuli nový kmeň vírusu vtáčej chrípky H5N1, ktorý môže zabiť milióny ľudí :: Sloboda v očkovaníVedci vyvinuli nový kmeň vírusu vtáčej chrípky H5N1, ktorý môže zabiť milióny ľudí :: Sloboda v očkovaní
z angličtiny preložil Ing. Marián Fillo.. Znie to ako scenár hollywoodskeho thrilleru: vedci v laboratóriu vytvoria vírus tak nákazlivý ako bežná chrípka, ktorý však zabije polovicu nakazených. Sme v bezpečí, kým je vírus pod zámkom. Keď však unikne, alebo sa dostane do rúk bioteroristov, má potenciál spôsobiť pandémiu a zabiť milióny ľudí po celom svete.. Nejde však o najnovší letný kasový trhák. Podľa časopisu New Scientist (Nový vedec) výskumníci v Holandsku, študujúci chrípkový vírus H5N1 (známy ako vtáčia chrípka), vytvorili kmeň chrípkového vírusu, ktorý sa ľahko prenáša medzi cicavcami a je práve tak smrteľný, ako pôvodný vírus.. Podľa Ministerstva zdravotníctva a sociálnych vecí USA chrípkový vírus H5N1 nakazil vyše 500 ľudí v najmenej 12 krajinách a je známe, že okolo 60% nakazených kvôli nemu prišlo o život.. Ron Fouchier, výskumník v Erasmovom zdravotníckom stredisku (Erasmus Medical Centre) v ...
Nemocnicu v Malackách zrekonštruujú za 4,5 milióna eur | Zzz.skNemocnicu v Malackách zrekonštruujú za 4,5 milióna eur | Zzz.sk
Nemocnicu v Malackách čaká rozsiahla rekonštrukcia za 4,5 milióna eur. Dohodu o jej spoločnom financovaní so spoločnosťou Nemocničná, a. s., ktorá je nájomcom nemocnice, schválilo ostatné Zastupiteľstvo Bratislavského samosprávneho kraja (BSK)
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Using slicers to clarify and manipulate fieldsUsing slicers to clarify and manipulate fields
Join Dennis Taylor for an in-depth discussion in this video Using slicers to clarify and manipulate fields, part of Office 365: Excel Essential Training
baby spinach - Juvenon.combaby spinach - Juvenon.com
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Aedes aegypti Piwi4 is a noncanonical PIWI protein involved in antiviral responses - Enlighten: PublicationsAedes aegypti Piwi4 is a noncanonical PIWI protein involved in antiviral responses - Enlighten: Publications
The small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is a major antiviral response in mosquitoes; however, another RNA interference pathway, the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway, has been suggested to be antiviral in mosquitoes. Piwi4 has been reported to be a key mediator of this response in mosquitoes, but it is not involved in the production of virus-specific piRNAs. Here, we show that Piwi4 associates with members of the antiviral exogenous siRNA pathway (Ago2 and Dcr2), as well as with proteins of the piRNA pathway (Ago3, Piwi5, and Piwi6) in an Aedes aegypti-derived cell line, Aag2. Analysis of small RNAs captured by Piwi4 revealed that it is predominantly associated with virus-specific siRNAs in Semliki Forest virus-infected cells and, to a lesser extent, with viral piRNAs. By using a Dcr2 knockout cell line, we showed directly that Ago2 lost its antiviral activity, as it was no longer bound to siRNAs, but Piwi4 retained its antiviral activity in the absence of the siRNA pathway. These results ...
北京大学医学部机构知识库(IR@PKUHSC): D-Isonucleotide (isoNA) incorporation around cleavage site of passenger strand promotes the vibration...北京大学医学部机构知识库([email protected]): D-Isonucleotide (isoNA) incorporation around cleavage site of passenger strand promotes the vibration...
It has been demonstrated that passenger strand cleavage is important for the activation of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which is a crucial step for siRNA-mediated gene silencing. Herein, we report that isonucleotide (isoNA) modification around the cleavage site of the passenger strand would affect the in vitro potency of modified siRNAs by altering the motion pattern of the Ago2-PAZ domain. According to western blotting, q-PCR and antiviral test results, we proved that D-isonucleotide (isoNA) modification at the position 8 of the passenger strand (siMek1-S08D), which is adjacent to the cleavage site, markedly improved the in vitro potency of the modified siRNA, whereas siRNAs with D-isoNA incorporation at position 9 (siMek1-S09D) or L-isoNA incorporation at positions 8 and 9 (siMek1-S08L, siMek1-S09L) displayed lower activity compared to native siRNA. Kinetics evaluation of passenger strand cleavage induced by T. thermophilus Ago (Tt-Ago) showed that D-isoNA modification at position 8 ...
Welcome to The Visible EmbryoWelcome to The Visible Embryo
In gonadal tissues, the Piwi-interacting (piRNA) pathway preserves genomic integrity by employing 23 29 nucleotide (nt) small RNAs complexed with argonaute proteins to suppress parasitic mobile sequences of DNA called transposable elements (TEs). Although recent evidence suggests that the piRNA pathway may be present in select somatic cells outside the gonads, the role of a non-gonadal somatic piRNA pathway is not well characterized. Here we report a functional somatic piRNA pathway in the adult Drosophila fat body including the presence of the piRNA effector protein Piwi and canonical 23 29 nt long TE-mapping piRNAs. The piwi mutants exhibit depletion of fat body piRNAs, increased TE mobilization, increased levels of DNA damage and reduced lipid stores. These mutants are starvation sensitive, immunologically compromised and short-lived, all phenotypes associated with compromised fat body function. These findings demonstrate the presence of a functional non-gonadal somatic piRNA pathway in the ...
Argonaute Proteins - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.orgArgonaute Proteins - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.org
A Family of RNA-Binding Proteins that has specificity for MicroRNAs and Small Interfering RNA molecules. The Proteins take part in RNA processing events as core components of RNA-Induced Silencing Complex ...
PHN1 - Protein argonaute PNH1 - Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice) - PHN1 gene & proteinPHN1 - Protein argonaute PNH1 - Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice) - PHN1 gene & protein
Probably involved in the RNA silencing pathway. May bind to short RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) or short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and represses the translation of mRNAs which are complementary to them (By similarity). Plays a role in the maintenance of the indeterminate state of the stem cells in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Regulates leaf formation through vascular development and may be involved in determining the central domain of the leaf founder region.
OPUS at UTS: Natural Variation of the Amino-Terminal Glutamine-Rich Domain in Drosophila Argonaute2 Is Not Associated with...OPUS at UTS: Natural Variation of the Amino-Terminal Glutamine-Rich Domain in Drosophila Argonaute2 Is Not Associated with...
OPUS (Open Publications of UTS Scholars) is the UTS institutional repository. It showcases the research of UTS staff and postgraduate students to a global audience. For you, as a researcher, OPUS increases the visibility and accessibility of your research by making it openly available regardless of where you choose to publish.. Items in OPUS are enhanced with high quality metadata and seeded to search engines such as Google Scholar as well as being linked to your UTS research profile, increasing discoverability and opportunities for citation of your work and collaboration. In addition, works in OPUS are preserved for long-term access and discovery.. The UTS Open Access Policy requires UTS research outputs to be openly available via OPUS. Depositing your work in OPUS also assists you in complying with ARC, NHMRC and other funder Open Access policies. Providing Open Access to your research outputs through OPUS not only ensures you comply with these important policies, but increases opportunities ...
Argonaute 2 in dopamine 2 receptor-expressing neurons regulates cocaine addiction | JEMArgonaute 2 in dopamine 2 receptor-expressing neurons regulates cocaine addiction | JEM
The ability of neurons to adapt to environmental signals and to memorize novel experiences determines the individual patterns of human and animal behavior. In turn, the individual differences in environmental adaptation and behavior depend on changes in gene expression. The fine-tuning of gene expression could be achieved at different levels, including regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that have the ability to negatively control messenger RNA (mRNA) levels or mRNA translation of their target genes (He and Hannon, 2004). These miRNA functions are executed by the multiprotein RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). At the core of RISC are the miRNA-generating enzyme Dicer (Hutvágner et al., 2001) and the Argonaute (Ago) proteins that bind miRNAs (Lingel et al., 2003; Song et al., 2003; Yan et al., 2003) and mediate miRNA-dependent mRNA decay or translational suppression (Hammond et al., 2001). The human and mouse genome carry four independent Ago genes that encode ...
HYAM Bread Slicer, Adjustable Bread/Roast/Loaf Slicer Cutter,Folding Bread Toast Slicer Bagel Loaf Slicer Sandwich Maker Toast...HYAM Bread Slicer, Adjustable Bread/Roast/Loaf Slicer Cutter,Folding Bread Toast Slicer Bagel Loaf Slicer Sandwich Maker Toast...
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A Complex Small RNA Repertoire Is Generated by a Plant/Fungal-Like Machinery and Effected by a Metazoan-Like Argonaute in the...A Complex Small RNA Repertoire Is Generated by a Plant/Fungal-Like Machinery and Effected by a Metazoan-Like Argonaute in the...
Author Summary Toxoplasma gondii is an important human parasite that causes life-threatening diseases in developing fetuses and in immunocompromised individuals, especially AIDS and transplant patients. Curiously, the Toxoplasma genome is deprived of most of the basic transcription factors that regulate gene expression in other eukaryotic cells. Therefore, alternative strategies must exist to modulate the many phases of the Toxoplasma complex life cycle that includes invasion of several hosts. Here, we investigate one of these strategies, by studying the repertoire of Toxoplasma silencing small RNAs (sRNAs). In eukaryotes, most of these regulatory molecules, 20-30nt-long, are produced by members of the Dicer RNase-III family, and exert their various functions through ubiquitous proteins called Argonaute (Ago). The surprising diversity of the Toxoplasma sRNAome uncovered in our study is consistent with those molecules exerting key functions during the parasites life cycle, including, possibly, during
Aegean ConferencesAegean Conferences
It has been more than a decade since scientists realized that microRNAs (miRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs) are not mere oddities invented by worms and flies to regulate gene expression at epigenetic and post-transcriptional levels. Rather, many of these 21-31-nucleotide-short RNAs function in invertebrates and vertebrates alike and some of them are highly conserved. In mammals, miRNAs are thought to inhibit gene expression by targeting mRNA stability and translation, while piRNAs suppress retrotransposons primarily in germ line cells. More recently, they have been joined in the limelight by long non-coding (lnc) RNAs, including long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs). lincRNAs affect gene expression by a variety of means including RNA, DNA, and protein binding. Nevertheless, the mechanisms whereby non-coding RNAs regulate ...
Biology | Free Full-Text | A Versatile Tool for Stable Inhibition of microRNA Activity | HTMLBiology | Free Full-Text | A Versatile Tool for Stable Inhibition of microRNA Activity | HTML
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs (18-22 nt) that post transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences on target mRNAs, resulting in translational repression or target degradation and gene silencing. As aberrant expression of miRNAs is implicated in important diseases including cancer miRNA-based therapies are under intensive investigation. We optimized strategies to stably or conditionally generate miRNA inhibitors for a continuous block of miRNA activity that allows for probing miRNA function in long-term cell culture experiments, cancer xenografts, 3D tissue models and for in vivo studies with transgenic organisms.
NGS-resources: Fwd: MicroRNA target site identification by integrating sequence and binding informationNGS-resources: Fwd: MicroRNA target site identification by integrating sequence and binding information
doi:10.1038/nmeth.2489. Authors: William H Majoros, Parawee Lekprasert, Neelanjan Mukherjee, Rebecca L Skalsky, David L Corcoran, Bryan R Cullen & Uwe Ohler. High-throughput sequencing has opened numerous possibilities for the identification of regulatory RNA-binding events. Cross-linking and immunoprecipitation of Argonaute proteins can pinpoint a microRNA (miRNA) target site within tens of bases but leaves the identity of the miRNA unresolved. A flexible computational framework, microMUMMIE, integrates sequence with cross-linking features and reliably identifies the miRNA family involved in each binding event. It considerably outperforms sequence-only approaches and quantifies the prevalence of noncanonical binding modes. ...
Functions of piRNAs and the Piwi protein in Drosophila, Russian Journal of Genetics | 10.1134/S1022795415040055 | DeepDyveFunctions of piRNAs and the Piwi protein in Drosophila, Russian Journal of Genetics | 10.1134/S1022795415040055 | DeepDyve
Read "Functions of piRNAs and the Piwi protein in Drosophila, Russian Journal of Genetics" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
T cell activation induces proteasomal degradation of Argonaute and rapid remodeling of the microRNA repertoire | JEMT cell activation induces proteasomal degradation of Argonaute and rapid remodeling of the microRNA repertoire | JEM
Naive T cells that encounter their cognate antigen dramatically remodel their gene expression program as they proliferate and acquire effector functions. The data presented here demonstrate that these cells also actively reset their miRNA repertoire. Activation-induced global posttranscriptional down-regulation of mature miRNAs allows concurrent changes in pri-miRNA gene transcription to rapidly establish a new pattern of miRNA expression in effector cells. Ago1 and Ago2, which bind miRNAs in the miRISC and mediate target mRNA repression, are also down-regulated during T cell activation in a process of ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. This degradation depends on intact PI3K/mTOR signaling and continuous transcription and translation. Ago2 is a limiting factor for miRNA expression in T cells, with the abundance of a large panel of miRNAs reduced by 30% for each disrupted allele of Ago2. Collectively, our data support a model in which TCR engagement leads to down-regulation of Ago ...
DSpace@MIT: Discovery of miRNA-regulated processes in mammalian development[email protected]: Discovery of miRNA-regulated processes in mammalian development
The genomes of plants and animals encode hundreds of non-coding ~22nt RNAs termed "microRNAs" (miRNAs). These RNAs guide the sequence-specific inhibition of translation and destabilization of mRNA targets through short (6-7 nucleotide) stretches of complementarity between the 5 end of the miRNA (seed region) and the 3 untranslated region (UTR) of the targeted mRNA. Computational estimates based on prediction of conserved seed matches in 3UTRs suggest that over half of genes in mammalian genomes are miRNA-regulated. Many miRNAs are also ubiquitously expressed in a variety of embryonic and adult tissues. Given these observations, we have sought to address the challenge of determining which cellular and biological processes that miRNAs might regulate in different cell types and tissues. First, we have developed methods to isolate candidate miRNA-targeted mRNAs by immunoprecipitation of Ago2 in the miRNA effector complex (miRNP). In one purification method, the Ago2-bound mRNAs are identified by ...
Present and not reporting for duty: dsRNAi in mammalian cells | The EMBO JournalPresent and not reporting for duty: dsRNAi in mammalian cells | The EMBO Journal
RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism conserved in most eukaryotes that enables sequence‐specific gene silencing via the use of small RNAs 22-30 nt in length. As an anti‐viral defense system, RNAi operates by sensing and fragmenting viral dsRNA through the action a Dicer RNase. The resulting small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) then guide Argonaute (Ago) effector proteins in an RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC) to cleave target RNA sequences bearing siRNA complementarity. This core system to sense and process dsRNA via Dicer into siRNAs that guide Agos is the hallmark of dsRNAi and is distinct but related to the role of these proteins in gene regulation via microRNAs (miRNAs) (tenOever, 2016). In plants and invertebrates, dsRNAi plays a critical role in suppressing viral accumulation and provides a systemic immune response (tenOever, 2016). Attesting to the power of this nucleic acid‐based immune system, numerous plants and invertebrate viruses have evolved viral suppressors of RNAi ...
Nuclear role for human Argonaute-1 as an estrogen-dependent transcription coactivator | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller...Nuclear role for human Argonaute-1 as an estrogen-dependent transcription coactivator | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller...
Approximately 1-2 × 107 MCF-7 cells were cross-linked for 10 min in 1% formaldehyde in PBS at room temperature. Cross-linking reaction was stopped with glycine at a final concentration of 125 mM. Cells were washed twice with cold PBS and swelled on ice for 10 min in 5 mM Pipes, pH 8, 85 mM KCl, 0.5% Igepal CA630, and 1× protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche). Following centrifugation, the pellet enriched in nuclei was resuspended in 0.5 ml sonication buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.1, 1% SDS, and 10 mM EDTA, pH 8). DNA was sonicated in an ultrasonic bath (Bioruptor Diagenode) to an average length of 200-500 bp, and samples were centrifuged at 15,000 g. 20-40 µg of DNA was used in each immunoprecipitation, diluting chromatin at least 10 times in 1 ml immunoprecipitation buffer (15 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.1, 1% Triton X-100, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8, 150 mM NaCl, and 1× protease inhibitor cocktail). Chromatin was immunoprecipitated overnight with 40 µl of protein G magnetic beads (Dynabeads Protein G; Thermo ...
A fungal Argonaute interferes with RNA interference | 岡山大学 資源植物科学研究所A fungal Argonaute interferes with RNA interference | 岡山大学 資源植物科学研究所
This institute contributes to the education of students in Graduate School for Environmental and Life Science (Masters and Doctors Degree Course of Okayama University).
argonaute - Wiktionaryargonaute - Wiktionary
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. ...
Tarbp2 MGI Mouse Gene Detail - MGI:103027 - TARBP2, RISC loading complex RNA binding subunitTarbp2 MGI Mouse Gene Detail - MGI:103027 - TARBP2, RISC loading complex RNA binding subunit
View mouse Tarbp2 Chr15:102518192-102523676 with: phenotypes, sequences, polymorphisms, proteins, references, function, expression
Piwil4 - mouse gene knockout kit via CRISPR - KN313350 | acris-antibodies.comPiwil4 - mouse gene knockout kit via CRISPR - KN313350 | acris-antibodies.com
Piwil4 - mouse gene knockout kit via CRISPR, 1 kit. |dl||dt|Kit Component:|/dt||dd|- |strong|KN313350G1|/strong|, Piwil4 gRNA vector 1 in |a href=http://www.origene.com/CRISPR-CAS9/Detail.
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MicroRNAMicroRNA
TNRC6BTNRC6B
RNA-induced silencing complexRNA-induced silencing complex
MOV10MOV10
Piwi like rna-mediated gene silencing 4Piwi like rna-mediated gene silencing 4
Circular RNACircular RNA
PiwiPiwi
RasiRNARasiRNA
DicerDicer
RNA interferenceRNA interference
Procollagen-proline dioxygenaseProcollagen-proline dioxygenase
RevCenRevCen
Transfer RNATransfer RNA
IPO8IPO8
EIF2C2EIF2C2
Argonaut (animal)Argonaut (animal)
Mir-390 microRNA precursor familyMir-390 microRNA precursor family
EIF2C1EIF2C1
Trans-acting siRNATrans-acting siRNA
Mir-92 microRNA precursor familyMir-92 microRNA precursor family
HITS-CLIPHITS-CLIP
RDE-1RDE-1
TNRC6ATNRC6A
Piwi-interacting RNAPiwi-interacting RNA
P-bodiesP-bodies
DroshaDrosha
HydroxyprolineHydroxyproline
Small interfering RNASmall interfering RNA
History of research on Arabidopsis thalianaHistory of research on Arabidopsis thaliana
RNA activationRNA activation
RNA interferenceRNA interference
Adaptive immune systemAdaptive immune system
Interferencia de ARN, a enciclopedia libreInterferencia de ARN, a enciclopedia libre
RNA-interferens, den frie encyklopædiRNA-interferens, den frie encyklopædi
Transfer RNATransfer RNA
Interferon-gamaInterferon-gama
Interferon gammaInterferon gamma
PiRNA - VikipediPiRNA - Vikipedi
EIF2C2 - ويكيبيدياEIF2C2 - ويكيبيديا
Cauliflower mosaic virusCauliflower mosaic virus
RNA silencingRNA silencing
ಆರ್‌ಎನ್‌ಎ ಹಸ್ತಕ್ಷೇಪ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಆರ್‌ಎನ್‌ಎ ಹಸ್ತಕ್ಷೇಪ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ
Category:Protein pages needing a pictureCategory:Protein pages needing a picture
Restriction enzymeRestriction enzyme
Genome editingGenome editing
Restriction enzymeRestriction enzyme
StarBase (database)StarBase (database)
Drosophila C virusDrosophila C virus
Cricket paralysis virusCricket paralysis virus
MicroRNA and microRNA target databaseMicroRNA and microRNA target database
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Argonaute ProteinsEukaryotic Initiation FactorsRNA-Induced Silencing ComplexRNA InterferenceRibonuclease IIIMicroRNAsRNA, Small InterferingAlpha-AmanitinEukaryotic Initiation Factor-2Cytoplasmic StructuresGene SilencingRNA-Binding ProteinsRNA, GuideDrosophila ProteinsRNA StabilityCaenorhabditis elegans ProteinsPeptide Initiation FactorsRNA, Double-StrandedProtein Structure, TertiaryCaenorhabditis elegansDrosophila melanogasterRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalRNA, MessengerGerm CellsImmunoprecipitationMolecular Sequence DataDrosophilaProtein BindingMutationBase SequenceRNACell LineGene Expression RegulationAmino Acid SequenceRNA, PlantRNA CleavageBinding SitesRNA, HelminthArabidopsis Proteins
Argonautes: A big turn-off for proteinsArgonautes: A big turn-off for proteins
Argonaute proteinsArgonaute proteins
Major core protein in plants helps fight infection - NaturalNews.comMajor core protein in plants helps fight infection - NaturalNews.com
Molecular evolution and diversification of the Argonaute family of proteins in plants | BMC Plant Biology | Full TextMolecular evolution and diversification of the Argonaute family of proteins in plants | BMC Plant Biology | Full Text
3F73 ALIGNMENT OF GUIDE-TARGET SEED DUPLEX WITHIN AN ARGONAUTE SILENCING COMPLEX | 3F73 A | P15056 | BRAF | Serine/threonine...3F73 ALIGNMENT OF GUIDE-TARGET SEED DUPLEX WITHIN AN ARGONAUTE SILENCING COMPLEX | 3F73 A | P15056 | BRAF | Serine/threonine...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Bacterial Expression of Mouse Argonaute 2 for Functional and Mutational StudiesIJMS | Free Full-Text | Bacterial Expression of Mouse Argonaute 2 for Functional and Mutational Studies
Gene Expression: Id be fired if that were my jobGene Expression: I'd be fired if that were my job
Archive - Jun 22, 2012 | www.bioquicknews.comArchive - Jun 22, 2012 | www.bioquicknews.com
Argonaute-2 N-Terminal Region Human E. coli | BioVendorArgonaute-2 N-Terminal Region Human E. coli | BioVendor
For the Perfect Eggs, Roundworms Use Small RNAsFor the Perfect Eggs, Roundworms Use Small RNAs
A Tetrahymena Hsp90 co‐chaperone promotes siRNA loading by ATP‐dependent and ATP‐independent mechanisms | The EMBO JournalA Tetrahymena Hsp90 co‐chaperone promotes siRNA loading by ATP‐dependent and ATP‐independent mechanisms | The EMBO Journal
Argonaute Proteins - Methods and Protocols | Katsutomo Okamura | SpringerArgonaute Proteins - Methods and Protocols | Katsutomo Okamura | Springer
NEB TV Ep.31 - What are Argonaute Proteins? | NEBNEB TV Ep.31 - What are Argonaute Proteins? | NEB
Argonaute Proteins - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.orgArgonaute Proteins - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.org
argonaute proteins Protocols and Video...'argonaute proteins' Protocols and Video...
AMR53 05540 - Argonaute family protein - Thermococcus thioreducens - AMR53 05540 gene & proteinAMR53 05540 - Argonaute family protein - Thermococcus thioreducens - AMR53 05540 gene & protein
AGO2 - Protein argonaute-2 - Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) - AGO2 gene & proteinAGO2 - Protein argonaute-2 - Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) - AGO2 gene & protein
Results for Argonaute and Piwi > Piwi > Primary antibodies | Abcam: antibodies, proteins,...Results for 'Argonaute and Piwi > Piwi > Primary antibodies' | Abcam: antibodies, proteins,...
Distinct passenger strand and mRNA cleavage activities of human Argonaute proteinsDistinct passenger strand and mRNA cleavage activities of human Argonaute proteins
Addgene: Genome-wide analysis of mRNAs regulated by Drosha and Argonaute proteins in Drosophila melanogaster.Addgene: Genome-wide analysis of mRNAs regulated by Drosha and Argonaute proteins in Drosophila melanogaster.
Two GW Repeat Proteins Interact with Tetrahymena thermophila Argonaute and Promote Genome Rearrangement | Molecular and...Two GW Repeat Proteins Interact with Tetrahymena thermophila Argonaute and Promote Genome Rearrangement | Molecular and...
Inria - Markov State Models Reveal a Two-Step Mechanism of miRNA Loading into the Human Argonaute Protein: Selective Binding...Inria - Markov State Models Reveal a Two-Step Mechanism of miRNA Loading into the Human Argonaute Protein: Selective Binding...
Roles of DICER-LIKE and ARGONAUTE Proteins in TAS-Derived Small Interfering RNA-Triggered DNA Methylation | Plant PhysiologyRoles of DICER-LIKE and ARGONAUTE Proteins in TAS-Derived Small Interfering RNA-Triggered DNA Methylation | Plant Physiology
Evidence for involvement of Dicer-like, Argonaute and histone deacetylase proteins in gene silencing in Phytophthora infestansEvidence for involvement of Dicer-like, Argonaute and histone deacetylase proteins in gene silencing in Phytophthora infestans
Cloning, characterization, and subcellular localization of a Trypanosoma cruzi argonaute protein defining a new subfamily...Cloning, characterization, and subcellular localization of a Trypanosoma cruzi argonaute protein defining a new subfamily...
DNA silencing by prokaryotic Argonaute proteins adds a new layer of defense against invading nucleic acids, FEMS Microbiology...DNA silencing by prokaryotic Argonaute proteins adds a new layer of defense against invading nucleic acids, FEMS Microbiology...
Hobman, Tom C. (Herausgeber); Duchaine, Thomas F. (Herausgeber) Argonaute Proteins Methods and Protocols (Gebundene Ausgabe)...Hobman, Tom C. (Herausgeber); Duchaine, Thomas F. (Herausgeber) Argonaute Proteins Methods and Protocols (Gebundene Ausgabe)...
Argonaute protein elisa and antibodyArgonaute protein elisa and antibody
Identification of human microRNA targets from isolated argonaute protein complexes :: MPG.PuRe Identification of human microRNA targets from isolated argonaute protein complexes :: MPG.PuRe
CST - Argonaute 2 (C34C6) Rabbit mAbCST - Argonaute 2 (C34C6) Rabbit mAb
Biochemical isolation of Argonaute protein complexes by Ago-APP. - Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteBiochemical isolation of Argonaute protein complexes by Ago-APP. - Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute
Authors response to reviews Title: Argonaute proteins: potential biomarkers for human colon cancer Authors: - Semantic ScholarAuthor's response to reviews Title: Argonaute proteins: potential biomarkers for human colon cancer Authors: - Semantic Scholar
Argonaute proteins - conformational flexibility drives function | Nature Research Microbiology CommunityArgonaute proteins - conformational flexibility drives function | Nature Research Microbiology Community
Molecular evolution and diversification of the Argonaute family of proteins in plants | BMC Plant Biology | Full TextMolecular evolution and diversification of the Argonaute family of proteins in plants | BMC Plant Biology | Full Text
Permalien vers The influence of Argonaute proteins on alternative RNA splicingPermalien vers The influence of Argonaute proteins on alternative RNA splicing
Functions of Argonaute Proteins in Self Versus Non-Self Recognition in by Meetu Seth"Functions of Argonaute Proteins in Self Versus Non-Self Recognition in" by Meetu Seth
Online Plant Argonaute Proteins: Methods And ProtocolsOnline Plant Argonaute Proteins: Methods And Protocols
Switching on RNA silencing suppressor activity by restoring argonaute binding to a viral protein<...Switching on RNA silencing suppressor activity by restoring argonaute binding to a viral protein<...
Q9P7B8 | arb1 | Argonaute-binding protein 1 | Druggability | CancerQ9P7B8 | arb1 | Argonaute-binding protein 1 | Druggability | Cancer
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Argonaute ProteinsEukaryotic Initiation FactorsRNA-Induced Silencing ComplexRNA InterferenceRibonuclease IIIMicroRNAsRNA, Small InterferingAlpha-AmanitinEukaryotic Initiation Factor-2Cytoplasmic StructuresGene SilencingRNA-Binding ProteinsRNA, GuideDrosophila ProteinsRNA StabilityCaenorhabditis elegans ProteinsPeptide Initiation FactorsRNA, Double-StrandedProtein Structure, TertiaryCaenorhabditis elegansDrosophila melanogasterRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalRNA, MessengerGerm CellsImmunoprecipitationMolecular Sequence DataDrosophilaProtein BindingMutationBase SequenceRNACell LineGene Expression RegulationAmino Acid SequenceRNA, PlantRNA CleavageBinding SitesRNA, HelminthArabidopsis Proteins
RNAsPIWIRNAiAGO2InterferencePhosphorylationComplexesMRNADrosophilaMolecularArabidopsisLocalizationMethylationImmunitySmallBacteriaKinasePiwiEukaryoticEukaryotesInterferenceAgo1OrganismsDicer and ArgonauteCleavageAbstractFunctions of Argonaute ProteinsInfluence of Argonaute proteinsMethods and ProtocolsPlant Argonaute ProteinsRISCHistoneGene expressionMiRNAsExpressionFamilyInteractionsNucleic acid-guided endonucleasesPathwayBiochemicalHomologousBiologicalArchaeaAGO4ProkaryoticEpigeneticMoleculeSiRNADsRNAEffectorsMouse ArgonauteBacteriaMediateFunctionalTranscriptsAntibodyThermusTarget
RNAs4
PIWI2
RNAi1
  • Until our study, how the Argonaute protein got controlled during a pathogen attack was unclear, and just how plants' immune responses got regulated by the RNAi machinery was largely a mystery," said Jin. (naturalnews.com)
AGO25
Interference2
Phosphorylation1
Complexes1
MRNA1
  • Argonaute proteins participate in various steps of microRNA-mediated gene silencing, such as repression of translation and mRNA turnover. (ecmbio.com)
Drosophila1
Molecular1
  • All molecular weights (MW) are confirmed by comparison to Bio-Rad Rainbow Markers and to western blot mobilities of known proteins with similar MW. (ecmbio.com)
Arabidopsis1
  • The University of California Riverside (UCR) research team came across this regulatory genetic protein while experimenting with thale cress ( Arabidopsis thaliana ). (naturalnews.com)
Localization1
  • The functional relevance of miRNAs in mitochondria was supported by the finding of Argonaute 2 localization to mitochondria revealed by immunoblotting and confocal microscopy, and further validated by the co-immunoprecipitation of the mitochondrial transcript COX3. (nih.gov)
Methylation2
Immunity1
Small1
Bacteria1
  • Natural News ) Researchers have identified a core protein in plants that may play a significant role in fighting off infectious bacteria. (naturalnews.com)
Kinase1
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) was assessed in the mitochondrial fraction by immunoblot analyses to check for nuclear and cytoplasmic contaminants relatively to mitochondrial protein ATP synthase subunit α (ATP5A1). (nih.gov)
Piwi23
  • Argonaute proteins are segregated into three paralogous groups: the AGO-like subfamily, the PIWI-like subfamily, and the WAGO subfamily (for Worm specific AGO). (lu.se)
  • We reported here a unique ORF encoding for an AGO/PIWI protein in T. cruzi which was expressed in all stages of its life cycle at the transcript as well as the protein level. (lu.se)
  • Our results strongly suggested that this unique AGO/PIWI protein from T. cruzi is a canonical Argonaute in terms of its domain architecture. (lu.se)
  • We propose to reclassify all Argonaute members from trypanosomatids as a distinctive phylogenetic group representing a new subfamily of Argonaute proteins and propose the generic designation of AGO/PIWI-tryp to identify them. (lu.se)
  • Combining the experimental phases of the mercury with molecular replacement of the PIWI domain (the domain most conserved in Ago proteins) did unfortunately not improve the electron density maps. (nature.com)
  • The C-terminus of the protein harbors the MID-PIWI lobes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Eukaryotes, AGOs are broadly classified into two paralogous families: the AGO family, which have similarities to the founder member, AGO1 of the Arabidopsis, and the PIWI-like proteins, related to D. melanogaster 'P-element induced wimpy testis' (PIWI) proteins [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our studies on transgene silencing in C. elegans have uncovered an RNA surveillance system in which the PIWI protein, PRG-1, uses a vast repertoire of piRNAs to recognize foreign transcripts and to initiate epigenetic silencing. (umassmed.edu)
  • The expression of Ago proteins in HeLa lysate was tested with an antibody that specifically binds to the C-terminal PIWI domain. (sciencematters.io)
  • Ago proteins adopt a bilobal scaffold composed of an amino terminal PAZ-containing lobe (N and PAZ domains), a carboxyl-terminal PIWI-containing lobe (Mid and PIWI domains), and connecting linkers L1 and L2. (pnas.org)
  • The Piwi Argonaute Zwille (PAZ) domain is held above the base by a "stalk"-like region. (rcsb.org)
  • The PIWI domain (named for the protein piwi) is similar to ribonuclease H, with a conserved active site aspartate-aspartate-glutamate motif, strongly implicating Argonaute as "Slicer. (rcsb.org)
  • PIWIL proteins are stem cell self-renewal and maintenance associated proteins that bind Piwi interacting RNA (piRNA) to mediate epigenetic modifications in lower vertebrates. (uni-ulm.de)
  • We could show that a human PIWI like protein-PIWIL4 is overexpressed in majority of AML patients, particularly in patients harboring the MLL-AF9 translocation. (uni-ulm.de)
  • AGO homologs share a common set of domains, including the N-terminal, Linker 1, PAZ (Piwi Argonaute and Zwille), Linker 2, Mid, and PIWI (originally P-element Induced WImpy testis in Drosophila ) domains. (frontiersin.org)
  • Argonaute proteins are ~100-kD highly basic proteins that contain two common domains, namely PAZ and PIWI domains (Cerutti et al. (abcam.com)
  • These proteins are evolutionarily conserved and can be divided in three subfamilies: Ago, Piwi and Wago. (proteopedia.org)
  • Piwi proteins are generally restricted to the germ line and associate piRNAs to mediate silencing of mobile genetic elements . (proteopedia.org)
  • There are two main structural features common to all Argonaute proteins: the Paz domain and the PIWI domain. (proteopedia.org)
  • PIWI is structurally an RNase H domain, and in Argonaute it servers as the 'Slicer', or the component responsible for cleaving the mRNA in the RISC complex . (proteopedia.org)
  • PIWIL2 (Piwi Like RNA-Mediated Gene Silencing 2) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
  • Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and govern the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons (By similarity). (genecards.org)
  • In neurons, a specific piRNA is induced by serotonin and inhibition of the Piwi protein abolished the serotonin-dependent methylation increase of a CpG island within the promoter of the CREB2 gene whose protein product is important for the persistence of memory. (g3journal.org)
Eukaryotic6
Eukaryotes5
Interference7
Ago14
Organisms5
Dicer and Argonaute1
Cleavage3
  • Whereas some Ago variants are able to cleave target nucleic acids by their endonucleolytic activity, others only bind to their target nucleic acids while target cleavage is mediated by other effector proteins. (deepdyve.com)
  • In addition, these ternary complex structures have provided insights into protein and DNA conformational changes that facilitate transition between cleavage-incompatible and cleavage-compatible states, including the role of a Glu finger in generating a cleavage-competent catalytic Asp-Glu-Asp-Asp tetrad. (pnas.org)
  • 300 aminoacids) is found in a large number of related nucleic-acid binding proteins, in particular those involved in RNA binding and cleavage. (proteopedia.org)
Abstract1
  • Willkomm, Sarah;Makarova, Kira S;Grohmann, Dina 2018-03-20 00:00:00 Abstract Argonaute (Ago) proteins are encoded in all three domains of life and are responsible for the regulation of intracellular nucleic acid levels. (deepdyve.com)
Functions of Argonaute Proteins1
Influence of Argonaute proteins1
Methods and Protocols3
Plant Argonaute Proteins1
RISC5
Histone3
  • These results suggest that the components of gene silencing, namely Dicer-like, Argonaute and histone deacetylase, are functional in P. infestans. (nih.gov)
  • The AGO-mediated modulation of alternative splicing is based on several properties of these proteins: their binding to transcripts on chromatin and their interactions with many proteins, especially histone tail-modifying enzymes, HP1γ and splicing factors. (pasteur.fr)
  • Component of the argonaute siRNA chaperone (ARC) complex which is required for histone H3K9 methylation, heterochromatin assembly and siRNA generation. (icr.ac.uk)
Gene expression2
MiRNAs2
  • In this review, we describe the role of the Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinogenesis, summarizing the functions of the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded viral proteins and related epigenetic alterations as well as the roles of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded and virally modulated cellular miRNAs. (hindawi.com)
  • Other proteins such as Rbfox3, GSk3b, BRCA1 and HP1BP3 indirectly regulate the expression levels of pri‐miRNAs. (els.net)
Expression1
  • By exploiting this pathway, scientists are able to knock down the expression of specific proteins and thereby determine their roles within the cell or organism. (bio-medicine.org)
Family9
Interactions7
Nucleic acid-guided endonucleases1
  • In this video, learn more about argonautes, including how these nucleic acid-guided endonucleases differ from Cas enzymes and potential applications. (neb.com)
Pathway3
Biochemical2
  • 2017) we provide biochemical data and X-ray crystal structures of the Ago protein from M. jannaschii . (nature.com)
  • You can learn a lot from biochemical experiments, but to more fully understand a protein like Argonaute, it's useful to know where all of the atoms are and which amino acids are playing important roles," says Whitehead Institute Member David Bartel, who is also an MIT professor of biology and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) investigator. (bio-medicine.org)
Homologous1
  • However, structure determination proved to be difficult since molecular replacement using available structures of homologous Ago-protein did not work due to their low sequence identity. (nature.com)
Biological7
  • p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge. (uniprot.org)
  • By studying the biological function of bacterial Argonautes, we will gain insight into a novel mechanism of prokaryotic gene regulation that is not yet understood. (grantome.com)
  • This finding has implications for the evolutionary conservation of Ago proteins in the mammalian lineage and the biological role that potentially redundant Ago proteins may have. (uni-hd.de)
  • Even though any predicted interactome is imperfect, the protein network presented here can provide a valuable basis to explore biological processes and to guide wet-lab experiments in fission yeast and beyond. (g3journal.org)
  • Acquiring a global knowledge of protein interconnections is important for understanding biological processes and their disruption in disease. (g3journal.org)
  • As such, tRNAs are a necessary component of translation , the biological synthesis of new proteins in accordance with the genetic code . (wikipedia.org)
  • We also discovered the existence of three distinct types of Argonautes, each with a specific biological role," Wynant explains. (eurekalert.org)
Archaea1
  • Argonaute, DNA-guided DNA silencing, antiviral defense, archaea, bacteria, prokaryotic Argonaute INTRODUCTION Cellular live depends on the integrity of the genetic information stored in a cell. (deepdyve.com)
AGO41
Prokaryotic5
Epigenetic1
Molecule4
SiRNA1
DsRNA2
Effectors1
  • RNA-binding proteins act as effectors of RNA stability and translation efficiency, guide transcripts to defined locations within the cell, control the fidelity of gene decoding, and function as cofactors to promote the activity of functional and structural RNA molecules. (wikibooks.org)
Mouse Argonaute1
  • Synthetic peptide conjugated to KLH derived from within residues 50 - 150 of Mouse Argonaute 5. (abcam.com)
Bacteria1
  • Natural News ) Researchers have identified a core protein in plants that may play a significant role in fighting off infectious bacteria. (naturalnews.com)
Mediate1
Functional1
  • To our knowledge, this is the first instance of the transformation of a viral protein of unknown function to a functional silencing suppressor. (elsevier.com)
Transcripts1
  • The function of AtDCL2 and other DCLs has been much studied but little has been done to characterize the DCLs transcripts before they are translated into proteins. (springer.com)
Antibody1
  • If you cannot find the target and/or product is not available in our catalog, please click here to contact us and request the product or submit your request for custom elisa kit production , custom recombinant protein production or custom antibody production . (mybiosource.com)
Thermus3
Target4
  • And what kind of substrates do Argonautes target? (neb.com)
  • So depending on the species that the Argonaute is from, they can target DNA or RNA substrates and they can use DNA or RNA guides. (neb.com)
  • a href='/help/protein_existence' target='_top'>More. (uniprot.org)
  • We show here that in a subset of these systems, the mature crRNA that is base-paired to trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA) forms a two-RNA structure that directs the CRISPR-associated protein Cas9 to introduce double-stranded (ds) breaks in target DNA. (sciencemag.org)
Major core protein in plants helps fight infection - NaturalNews.com
Major core protein in plants helps fight infection - NaturalNews.com (naturalnews.com)
Argonaute-2 N-Terminal Region Human E. coli | BioVendor
Argonaute-2 N-Terminal Region Human E. coli | BioVendor (biovendor.com)
CST - Argonaute 2 (C34C6) Rabbit mAb
CST - Argonaute 2 (C34C6) Rabbit mAb (cellsignal.com)
Argonaute Proteins - Methods and Protocols | Katsutomo Okamura | Springer
Argonaute Proteins - Methods and Protocols | Katsutomo Okamura | Springer (springer.com)
RCSB PDB - 1U04: Crystal structure of full length Argonaute from Pyrococcus furiosus
RCSB PDB - 1U04: Crystal structure of full length Argonaute from Pyrococcus furiosus (rcsb.org)
Category:Proteins - Wikimedia Commons
Category:Proteins - Wikimedia Commons (commons.wikimedia.org)
Extensive and coordinated transcription of noncoding RNAs within cell-cycle promoters | Nature Genetics
Extensive and coordinated transcription of noncoding RNAs within cell-cycle promoters | Nature Genetics (nature.com)
Programmable RNA recognition using a CRISPR-associated Argonaute | PNAS
Programmable RNA recognition using a CRISPR-associated Argonaute | PNAS (pnas.org)
CiteSeerX - Upstream mononucleotide A-repeats play a cis-regulatory role in mammals through the DICER1 and Ago proteins
CiteSeerX - Upstream mononucleotide A-repeats play a cis-regulatory role in mammals through the DICER1 and Ago proteins (citeseerx.ist.psu.edu)
From guide to target: molecular insights into eukaryotic RNA-interference machinery | Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
From guide to target: molecular insights into eukaryotic RNA-interference machinery | Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (nature.com)
OsAGO2 controls ROS production and the initiation of tapetal PCD by epigenetically regulating OsHXK1 expression in rice anthers...
OsAGO2 controls ROS production and the initiation of tapetal PCD by epigenetically regulating OsHXK1 expression in rice anthers... (pnas.org)
Meiosis arrest female 1 (MARF1) has nuage-like function in mammalian oocytes | PNAS
Meiosis arrest female 1 (MARF1) has nuage-like function in mammalian oocytes | PNAS (pnas.org)
RNAi Glossary | Sigma-Aldrich
RNAi Glossary | Sigma-Aldrich (sigmaaldrich.com)
Eugene Berezikov - Research database - University of Groningen
Eugene Berezikov - Research database - University of Groningen (rug.nl)
New classes of animal small silencing RNAs | The New York Academy of Sciences
New classes of animal small silencing RNAs | The New York Academy of Sciences (nyas.org)
Transfer RNA - Wikipedia
Transfer RNA - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Frontiers | Salicylic Acid Perturbs sRNA-Gibberellin Regulatory Network in Immune Response of Potato to Potato virus Y...
Frontiers | Salicylic Acid Perturbs sRNA-Gibberellin Regulatory Network in Immune Response of Potato to Potato virus Y... (frontiersin.org)
Two GW Repeat Proteins Interact with Tetrahymena thermophila Argonaute and Promote Genome Rearrangement | Molecular and...
Two GW Repeat Proteins Interact with Tetrahymena thermophila Argonaute and Promote Genome Rearrangement | Molecular and... (mcb.asm.org)
Keystone Symposia | Scientific Conferences on Biomedical and Life Science Topics
Keystone Symposia | Scientific Conferences on Biomedical and Life Science Topics (keystonesymposia.org)
MicroRNAs as biomarkers for graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic stem cell transplantation | SpringerLink
MicroRNAs as biomarkers for graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic stem cell transplantation | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Small RNA Expression from the Human Macrosatellite DXZ4 | G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics
Small RNA Expression from the Human Macrosatellite DXZ4 | G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics (g3journal.org)
Biophysics of RNA-Protein Interactions - A Mechanistic View | Chirlmin Joo | Springer
Biophysics of RNA-Protein Interactions - A Mechanistic View | Chirlmin Joo | Springer (springer.com)
Intron retention and 3′-UTR analysis of Arabidopsis Dicer-like 2 transcripts | Springer for Research & Development
Intron retention and 3′-UTR analysis of Arabidopsis Dicer-like 2 transcripts | Springer for Research & Development (rd.springer.com)
Frontiers | Expansion and Divergence of Argonaute Genes in the Oomycete Genus Phytophthora | Microbiology
Frontiers | Expansion and Divergence of Argonaute Genes in the Oomycete Genus Phytophthora | Microbiology (frontiersin.org)
Frontiers | Comprehensive Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Differential Gene Expression Profiles of Camellia sinensis Axillary...
Frontiers | Comprehensive Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Differential Gene Expression Profiles of Camellia sinensis Axillary... (frontiersin.org)
RNA interference - Wikiversity
RNA interference - Wikiversity (en.wikiversity.org)
Anti-Argonaute 5 antibody (ab4723) | Abcam
Anti-Argonaute 5 antibody (ab4723) | Abcam (abcam.com)