Arecoline
An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.
Areca
A plant genus of the family ARECACEAE. Members contain ARECOLINE and CATECHIN. The leaves and nuts have been used as masticatories, stimulants, and astringents in traditional medicine. The common name of betel is also used for PIPER BETLE. The common name of catechu is sometimes used for ACACIA CATECHU.
Nicotinic Acids
Parasympathomimetics
Drugs that mimic the effects of parasympathetic nervous system activity. Included here are drugs that directly stimulate muscarinic receptors and drugs that potentiate cholinergic activity, usually by slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine (CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS). Drugs that stimulate both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons (GANGLIONIC STIMULANTS) are not included here.
Echinococcosis
Carcinoma, Endometrioid
Endometrial Neoplasms
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Epithelial Cells
Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.
MicroRNAs
Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Mass Spectrometry
Retrospective Studies
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Acacia
Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
Endothelial Cells
Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.
Hydrogen Sulfide
Cystathionine gamma-Lyase
Cystathionine beta-Synthase
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Central Nervous System
Garcinia mangostana
Encyclopedias as Topic
Central Nervous System Stimulants
Adipates
A common muscarinic pathway for diapause recovery in the distantly related nematode species Caenorhabditis elegans and Ancylostoma caninum. (1/85)
Converging TGF-beta and insulin-like neuroendocrine signaling pathways regulate whether Caenorhabditis elegans develops reproductively or arrests at the dauer larval stage. We examined whether neurotransmitters act in the dauer entry or recovery pathways. Muscarinic agonists promote recovery from dauer arrest induced by pheromone as well as by mutations in the TGF-beta pathway. Dauer recovery in these animals is inhibited by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. Muscarinic agonists do not induce dauer recovery of either daf-2 or age-1 mutant animals, which have defects in the insulin-like signaling pathway. These data suggest that a metabotropic acetylcholine signaling pathway activates an insulin-like signal during C. elegans dauer recovery. Analogous and perhaps homologous cholinergic regulation of mammalian insulin release by the autonomic nervous system has been noted. In the parasitic nematode Ancylostoma caninum, the dauer larval stage is the infective stage, and recovery to the reproductive stage normally is induced by host factors. Muscarinic agonists also induce and atropine potently inhibits in vitro recovery of A. caninum dauer arrest. We suggest that host or parasite insulin-like signals may regulate recovery of A. caninum and could be potential targets for antihelminthic drugs. (+info)Heart rate responses to a muscarinic agonist in rats with experimentally induced acute and subacute chagasic myocarditis. (2/85)
We administered arecoline to rats, with experimentally induced chagasic myocarditis, in order to study the sinus node sensitivity to a muscarinic agonist. Sixteen month old rats were inoculated with 200,000 T. cruzi parasites ("Y" strain). Between days 18 and 21 (acute stage), 8 infected rats and 8 age-matched controls received intravenous arecoline as a bolus injection at the following doses: 5. 0, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0, and 80.0 microg/kg. Heart rate was recorded before, during and after each dose of arecoline. The remaining 8 infected animals and 8 controls were subjected to the same experimental procedure during the subacute stage, i.e., days 60 to 70 after inoculation. The baseline heart rate, of the animals studied during the acute stage (349 +/- 68 bpm, mean +/- SD), was higher than that of the controls (250 +/- 50 bpm, p < 0.005). The heart rate changes were expressed as percentage changes over baseline values. A dose-response curve was constructed for each group of animals. Log scales were used to plot the systematically doubled doses of arecoline and the induced-heart rate changes. The slope of the regression line for the acutely infected animals (r = - 0.99, b =1.78) was not different from that for the control animals (r = - 0.97, b = 1.61). The infected animals studied during the subacute stage (r = - 0.99, b = 1.81) were also not different from the age-matched controls (r = - 0.99, b = 1.26, NS). Consequently, our results show no pharmacological evidence of postjunctional hypersensitivity to the muscarinic agonist arecoline. Therefore, these results indirectly suggest that the postganglionic parasympathetic innervation, of the sinus node of rats with autopsy proved chagasic myocarditis, is not irreversibly damaged by Trypanosoma cruzi. (+info)Effects of chewing betel nut (Areca catechu) on the symptoms of people with schizophrenia in Palau, Micronesia. (3/85)
BACKGROUND: Although millions of people with schizophrenia live in betel chewing regions, the effects of betel chewing on their symptoms are unknown. Betel nut alkaloids include potent muscarinic cholinomimetics: recent research suggests that these agents may be therapeutic in schizophrenia. AIMS: To compare the primary and extrapyramidal symptom profiles and substance-using habits of betel chewing v. non-chewing people with schizophrenia. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 70 people with schizophrenia. Symptom ratings measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS), and demographic and substance-use data, were compared for 40 chewers and 30 non-chewers of betel nut. RESULTS: Betel chewers with schizophrenia scored significantly lower on the positive (P = 0.001) and negative (P = 0.002) sub-scales of the PANSS than did non-chewers. There were no significant differences in extrapyramidal symptoms or tardive dyskinesia. CONCLUSIONS: Betel chewing is associated with milder symptomatology and avoidance of more harmful recreational drugs. These initial results indicate that longitudinal research is merited. (+info)Gene-experience interaction alters the cholinergic septohippocampal pathway of mice. (4/85)
Spatial learning requires the septohippocampal pathway. The interaction of learning experience with gene products to modulate the function of a pathway may underlie use-dependent plasticity. The regulated release of nerve growth factor (NGF) from hippocampal cultures and hippocampus, as well as its actions on cholinergic septal neurons, suggest it as a candidate protein to interact with a learning experience. A method was used to evaluate NGF gene-experience interaction on the septohippocampal neural circuitry in mice. The method permits brain region-specific expression of a new gene by using a two-component approach: a virus vector directing expression of cre recombinase; and transgenic mice carrying genomic recombination substrates rendered transcriptionally inactive by a "floxed" stop cassette. Cre recombinase vector delivery into transgenic mouse hippocampus resulted in recombination in 30% of infected cells and the expression of a new gene in those cells. To examine the interaction of the NGF gene and experience, adult mice carrying a NGF transgene with a floxed stop cassette (NGFXAT) received a cre recombinase vector to produce localized unilateral hippocampal NGF gene expression, so-called "activated" mice. Activated and control nonactivated NGFXAT mice were subjected to different experiences: repeated spatial learning, repeated rote performance, or standard vivarium housing. Latency, the time to complete the learning task, declined in the repeated spatial learning groups. The measurement of interaction between NGF gene expression and experience on the septohippocampal circuitry was assessed by counting retrogradely labeled basal forebrain cholinergic neurons projecting to the hippocampal site of NGF gene activation. Comparison of all NGF activated groups revealed a graded effect of experience on the septohippocampal pathway, with the largest change occurring in activated mice provided with repeated learning experience. These data demonstrate that plasticity of the adult spatial learning circuitry can be robustly modulated by experience-dependent interactions with a specific hippocampal gene product. (+info)A rapid method for measuring miotic activity of drugs in the intact mouse eye. (5/85)
A rapid and precise method for evaluating the miotic activity of cholinergic drugs has been developed based on Long's method for measuring the rate of mydriasis. The rate of reversal of mydriasis developed previously in the intact mouse eye by a mild mydriatic (phenycyclidine) is used to evaluate the miotic activity. The method provides a useful tool for measuring and comparing the miotic activity of acetylcholine agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors. (+info)A pertussis toxin-sensitive 8-lipoxygenase pathway is activated by a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in aplysia neurons. (6/85)
Acetylcholine (ACh) activates two types of chloride conductances in Aplysia neurons that can be distinguished by their kinetics and pharmacology. One is a rapidly desensitizing current that is blocked by alpha-conotoxin-ImI and the other is a sustained current that is insensitive to the toxin. These currents are differentially expressed in Aplysia neurons. We report here that neurons that respond to ACh with a sustained chloride conductance also generate 8-lipoxygenase metabolites. The sustained chloride conductance and the activation of 8-lipoxygenase have similar pharmacological profiles. Both are stimulated by suberyldicholine and nicotine, and both are inhibited by alpha-bungarotoxin. Like the sustained chloride conductance, the activation of 8-lipoxygenase is not blocked by alpha-conotoxin-ImI. In spite of the similarities between the metabolic and electrophysiological responses, the generation of 8-lipoxygenase metabolites does not appear to depend on the ion current since an influx of chloride ions is neither necessary nor sufficient for the formation of the lipid metabolites. In addition, the application of pertussis toxin blocked the ACh-activated release of arachidonic acid and the subsequent production of 8-lipoxygenase metabolites, yet the ACh-induced activation of the chloride conductance is not dependent on a G protein. Our results are consistent with the idea that the nicotinic ACh receptor that activates the sustained chloride conductance can, independent of the chloride ion influx, initiate lipid messenger synthesis. (+info)Oral submucous fibrosis in a 11-year-old Bangladeshi girl living in the United Kingdom. (7/85)
A case of oral submucous fibrosis occurring in a 11-year-old Bangladeshi girl is presented. This paper reviews the aetiology, clinical presentation and treatment modalities of oral submucous fibrosis. This case highlights the link between oral submucous fibrosis and the regular use of areca-nut (paan) and the newer transcultural oral tobacco products. This association has been reported among children resident in the Indian sub-continent but is unrecorded for United Kingdom residents. The case report underlines the danger that children face with products which are clearly targeted at them by the tobacco industry. (+info)Areca nut extract and arecoline induced the cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis of cultured oral KB epithelial cells: association of glutathione, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential. (8/85)
There are 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers in the world. BQ chewing is a major etiologic factor of oral cancer. Areca nut (AN) and arecoline may inhibit the growth of oral mucosal fibroblasts (OMF) and keratinocytes. In this study, AN extract (100-800 microg/ml) and arecoline (20-120 microM) inhibited the growth of oral KB cells by 36-90 and 15-75%, respectively. Exposure to arecoline (> 0.2 mM) for 24 h induced G(2)/M cell cycle arrest of OMF and KB cells. Areca nut extract (> 400 microg/ml) also induced G(2)/M arrest of KB cells, being preceded by S-phase arrest at 7-h of exposure. No evident sub-G(0)/G(1) peak was noted. Marked retraction and intracellular vacuoles formation of OMF and KB cells were observed. Glutathione (GSH) level, mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltabetam) and H(2)O(2) production of KB cells were measured by flow cytometry. GSH level [indicated by 5-chloromethyl-fluorescein (CMF) fluorescence] was depleted by 24-h exposure of KB cells to arecoline (0.4-1.2 mM) and AN extract (800-1200 microg/ml), with increasing the percentage of cells in low CMF fluorescence. By contrast, arecoline (0.1-1.2 mM) and AN extract (800-1200 microg/ml) induced decreasing and increasing H(2)O(2) production (by 2',7'-dichloro- fluorescein fluorescence), respectively. Hyperpolarization of Deltabetam (increasing of rhodamine uptake) was noted by 24-h exposure of KB cells to arecoline (0.4-1.2 mM) and AN extract (800-1200 microg/ml). AN extract (100- 1200 microg/ml) and arecoline (0.1-1.2 mM) induced little DNA fragmentation on KB cells within 24 h. These results indicate that AN ingredients are crucial in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral cancer by differentially inducing the dysregulation of cell cycle control, Deltabetam, GSH level and intracellular H(2)O(2) production, these events being not coupled with cellular apoptosis. (+info)
Areca nut extract and arecoline induced the cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis of cultured oral KB epithelial cells:...
Arecoline Induces Neurotoxicity to PC12 Cells: Involvement in ER Stress and Disturbance of Endogenous H2S Generation - Semantic...
Arecoline Increases the Production of Nitric Oxide and Post-Translational S-Nitrosoproteome in Endothelial Cells | Bentham...
Arecoline hydrobromide manufacturing companies
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miR-203 inhibits arecoline-induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition by regulating secreted frizzled-related protein 4 and...
Aging | Stimulation of MMP-9 of oral epithelial cells by areca nut extract is related to TGF-β/Smad2-dependent and &...
Phenol removal from wastewater using arecanut husk (Areca catechu) as adsorbent<...
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Lawrence H. Knox
Knox is credited with at least two U.S. Patents, Production of Arecoline accepted on May 2, 1950 and Photochemical Preparation ... Knox, Lawrence Howland (May 2, 1950). "Production of arecoline". Google Patents. Retrieved June 9, 2020. Sluby, Patricia Carter ...
Guvacoline
Guvacine Arecoline PubChem. "Guvacoline". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-14. v t e. ...
Methylecgonidine
Arecoline Anatoxin-a Scheidweiler, KB; Plessinger, MA; Shojaie, J; Wood, RW; Kwong, TC (Dec 2003). "Pharmacokinetics and ...
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
"Showing metabocard for Arecoline (HMDB0030353)". Human Metabolome Database, HMDB. 4.0. Melchiorre C, Angeli P, Lambrecht G, ... Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Lelli C, Bartolini A (2001). "M1 receptor activation is a requirement for arecoline analgesia". ...
Areca nut
Biologically, these effects may be a consequence of the arecoline that is found in areca nuts. The habit also exposes the fetus ... The major alkaloid in betel nut is Arecoline. Besides, there are other compounds such as Arecaidine, Guvacine, Isoguvacine, ... Various compounds present in the nut, including arecoline (the primary psychoactive ingredient which is similar to nicotine), ... and three main alkaloids-arecoline, arecaidine, and guvacine-all of which have vasoconstricting properties. The betel leaf ...
Muscarinic agonist
Arecoline, an alkaloid present in the Betel nut. Pilocarpine is a drug that acts as a muscarinic receptor agonist that is used ...
Euphoria
The lime in the betel quid [areca nut, lime and Piper betle leaves] causes hydrolysis of arecoline to arecailide, a central ... Liu YJ, Peng W, Hu MB, Xu M, Wu CJ (November 2016). "The pharmacology, toxicology and potential applications of arecoline: a ... The major parasympathetic and muscarinic effects of areca nut are due to arecoline. Sharan RN, Mehrotra R, Choudhury Y, Asotra ... Pilocarpine, arecoline and muscarine are rather selective parasympathetic agents; i.e., their cholinomimetic activity is ...
Arecaidine
Lime is said to hydrolyse arecoline to arecaidine Voigt, V; Laug, L; Zebisch, K; Thondorf, I; Markwardt, F; Brandsch, M (2013 ...
CPCA
Although novel ways to produce these compound exist, background stems from arecoline chemistry. E.g. Paxil and femoxetine also ...
Areca catechu
The seed contains alkaloids such as arecaidine and arecoline, which, when chewed, are intoxicating and slightly addictive. ...
Alvameline
The tetrazole alvameline (8), for example, was developed as a bioisostere of the muscarinic cholinergic compound arecoline. The ... "Bioisosteres of Arecoline: 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-5-pyridyl-Substituted and 3-Piperidyl-Substituted Derivatives of Tetrazoles and 1 ... in which the position of the double bond mimics that in arecoline. Reaction of (3) with ethyl chloroformate results in N- ...
Blarcamesine
"Muscarinic receptor 1 agonist activity of novel N-arylthioureas substituted 3-morpholino arecoline derivatives in Alzheimer's ...
Recreational drug use
... modafinil Others arecoline (found in Areca catechu) caffeine (found in Coffea spp.) nicotine (found in Nicotiana spp.) ... arecoline Rauvolfia serpentina: rauwolscine yohimbe (Pausinystalia johimbe): yohimbine, corynantheidine many others Fungi: ...
Demethylation
The preparation of Paxil from arecoline is an application of this reaction, as well as the synthesis of GSK-372,475, for ...
N,O-Dimethyl-4-(2-naphthyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate
... is a piperidine based stimulant drug which is synthesised from arecoline. It is similar to nocaine in chemical structure, and ...
Rhododendron ferrugineum
... is moderately toxic, containing arbutin, arecoline and rhodoxanthin, and can cause vomiting, and ...
Echinococcus granulosus
... or with some difficulty ante mortem by purging with arecoline hydrobromate. Detection of antigens in feces by ELISA is ...
Areca nut production in India
... which are comprise arecoline, arecolodine, arecaidine, guvacine, isoguvacine, and govacolidine; the pharmacological and other ...
Convention on Psychotropic Substances
... arecoline, theophylline, theobromine, kava, khat, tobacco, L-theanine, or caffeine (in moderate amounts) or in moderate and ...
List of MeSH codes (D03)
... arecoline MeSH D03.066.515.375 - clonixin MeSH D03.066.515.400 - etazolate MeSH D03.066.515.475 - niacin MeSH D03.066.515.530 ... arecoline MeSH D03.383.725.547.375 - clonixin MeSH D03.383.725.547.400 - etazolate MeSH D03.383.725.547.475 - niacin MeSH ...
Active ingredient
... such as salicylic acid in willow bark or arecoline in areca nuts), because the word ingredient in many minds connotes a sense ...
C8H13NO2
The molecular formula C8H13NO2 (molar mass: 155.19 g/mol, exact mass: 155.0946 u) may refer to: Arecoline Bemegride Scopine ...
Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany
... caffeine and arecoline in breast milk" (PDF), Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 21 (16): 2693-2703, Bibcode:2007RCMS ...
List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals
... arecoline Rauvolfia serpentina: rauwolscine Yohimbe: yohimbine, corynantheidine Kanna: mesembrine and mesembrenone Yellow ...
Parasympathomimetic drug
Plant alkaloids Arecoline Nicotine Muscarine Pilocarpine (M3 receptors) Indirect acting parasympathomimetic substances may be ...
Evolutionary models of human drug use
Tobacco, as well as arecoline and cannabis, two other plant neurotoxins that are widely used as recreational drugs in humans, ...
Ifugao
... powdered snail shell and betel nut/arecoline which is used as a chewing gum to the Ifugaos) is an indelible practice during the ...
Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies
... arecoline, eserine, emetine, psyhotrine, emataliine, cinchonamine, tubocurarine and other alkaloids of curare (magnolin, ...
Arecoline
... is a base, and its conjugate acid has a pKa ~ 6.8. Arecoline is volatile in steam, miscible with most organic ... Arecoline also acts as an agonist on the nicotinic receptor which may account for its anti-inflammatory activity. Arecoline ... Arecoline is metabolized by both kidneys and liver. Currently, 11 metabolites of arecoline are documented among which N- ... Arecoline has also been used medicinally as an antihelmintic (a drug against parasitic worms). Arecoline also increase ...
Arecoline - Wikipedia
Arecoline is a base, and its conjugate acid has a pKa ~ 6.8. Arecoline is volatile in steam, miscible with most organic ... Arecoline also acts as an agonist on the nicotinic receptor which may account for its anti-inflammatory activity. Arecoline ... Arecoline is metabolized by both kidneys and liver. Currently, 11 metabolites of arecoline are documented among which N- ... Arecoline has also been used medicinally as an antihelmintic (a drug against parasitic worms). Arecoline also increase ...
Arecoline
Arecoline
- Arecolin
Summary Report | CureHunter
Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic ... Arecoline (Arecolin). Subscribe to New Research on Arecoline An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of ... 01/01/2010 - "However, few reports exist as to the effects of arecoline in human tissues other than oral cancer cell lines. ". ... 07/01/2008 - "The time between arecoline injection and time of onset of the tremor in the controls and Mg-deficient rats were ...
Effect of benactyzine and arecoline on the 45 Ca uptake by rat brain nerve endings | SpringerLink
The effect of the central cholinolytic benactyzine and the cholinomimetic arecoline on the uptake of45Ca by rat brain ... whereas arecoline led to a rapid initial increase in45Ca uptake. Benactyzine was shown to depress the effect of arecoline and ... Semenov, E.V. Effect of benactyzine and arecoline on the45Ca uptake by rat brain nerve endings. Bull Exp Biol Med 86, 1168-1170 ... Effect of benactyzine and arecoline on the45Ca uptake by rat brain nerve endings. *E. V. Semenov ...
CAS No.131448-17-4,Arecoline-d5 Hydrobromide Salt Suppliers
EFFECTS OF PILOCARPINE OR ARECOLINE ADMINISTRATION ON ACETYLCHOLINE LEVELS AND SEROTONIN TURNOVER IN RAT BRAIN | Journal of...
Arecoline administration also increased acetylcholine and 5-HIAA levels, but the arecoline-induced rise in acetyleholine ... EFFECTS OF PILOCARPINE OR ARECOLINE ADMINISTRATION ON ACETYLCHOLINE LEVELS AND SEROTONIN TURNOVER IN RAT BRAIN. DEAN R. ... EFFECTS OF PILOCARPINE OR ARECOLINE ADMINISTRATION ON ACETYLCHOLINE LEVELS AND SEROTONIN TURNOVER IN RAT BRAIN. DEAN R. ... EFFECTS OF PILOCARPINE OR ARECOLINE ADMINISTRATION ON ACETYLCHOLINE LEVELS AND SEROTONIN TURNOVER IN RAT BRAIN. DEAN R. ...
Sciencemadness Discussion Board - Synthesis of Arecoline - 3 Steps from Nicotinic Acid - Powered by XMB 1.9.11
Caution! Arecoline is a possible carcinogen and is biologically active!**,/span,,/div,,/strong,,br /,. Arecoline is an alkaloid ... Though of topic, while we are on topic of arecoline, I might just as well attach the chapter on arecoline analogues and their ... Synthesis of Arecoline - 3 Steps from Nicotinic Acid. ,div style="text-align: center;",,span style="color: Red;",. **Caution! ... Arecoline is a muscarinic acetylcholine M1 and M2 receptor agonist, and has generated moderate interest in academic research ...
miR-203 inhibits arecoline-induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition by regulating secreted frizzled-related protein 4 and...
Effects of arecoline on miR-203, SFRP4 and TM4SF1 in the HaCaT cells. To further analyze the effects of arecoline on miR-203, ... Arecoline affects the expression of EMT-related genes in a dose-dependent manner. To determine the effects of arecoline on EMT ... To detect the effect of arecoline on EMT, the HaCaT cells were treated with arecoline (Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA) at ... we validated that arecoline induced EMT in the HaCaT cells. We found that arecoline significantly decreased the expression of ...
WHO EMRO | The International Agency for Research on Cancer evaluates carcinogenicity of acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and arecoline...
... www.iarc.fr/news-events/iarc-monographs-evaluation-of-the-carcinogenicity-of-acrolein-crotonaldehyde-and-arecoline/ ... Arecoline, which has a mild psychoactive effect, was also classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). Arecoline ... The International Agency for Research on Cancer evaluates carcinogenicity of acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and arecoline ...
Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for Determination of Nicotine and Metabolites,...
... caffeine and arecoline in breast milk, using N-ethylnorcotinine as internal standard. Li … ... Arecoline induces TNF-alpha production and Zonula Occludens-1 redistribution in mouse Sertoli TM4 cells. Kuo TM, Luo SY, Chiang ... Caffeine and Arecoline in Breast Milk Manuela Pellegrini 1 , Emilia Marchei, Silvia Rossi, Federica Vagnarelli, Abhilasha ... Quantification of arecoline (areca nut alkaloid) in neonatal biological matrices by high-performance liquid chromatography/ ...
Arecoline improves vascular endothelial function in high fructose-fed rats via increasing cystathionine-γ-lyase expression and...
Arecoline improves vascular endothelial function in high fructose-fed rats via increasing cystathionine-γ-lyase expression and ... abolished the restoration of ACh-induced EDVR by high dose arecoline. On the contrary, treatment with high dose arecoline ... Conclusion: Arecoline treatment improves ACh-induced EDVR in high fructose-fed rats, and the potential mechanism of action ... Arecoline improves vascular endothelial function in high fructose-fed rats via increasing cystathionine-γ-lyase expression and ...
Arecoline Increases the Production of Nitric Oxide and Post-Translational S-Nitrosoproteome in Endothelial Cells | Bentham...
Background: Arecoline is known as a carcinogenic toxicant. The refreshment effect of arecoline is mainly due to the increase in ... Background: Arecoline is known as a carcinogenic toxicant. The refreshment effect of arecoline is mainly due to the increase in ... Chang, M.C.; Ho, Y.S.; Lee, P.H.; Chan, C.P.; Lee, J.J.; Hahn, L.J.; Wang, Y.J.; Jeng, J.H. Areca nut extract and arecoline ... Kuo, F.C.; Wu, D.C.; Yuan, S.S.; Hsiao, K.M.; Wang, Y.Y.; Yang, Y.C.; Lo, Y.C. Effects of arecoline in relaxing human umbilical ...
Arecoline | DrugBank Online
Arecoline. Clinical Trials. Clinical Trials Phase. Status. Purpose. Conditions. Count. Pharmacoeconomics. Manufacturers. Not ... Arecoline. Accession Number. DB04365. Description. An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm ... K. S. Keshave Murthy, Allan W. Rey, Dan S. Matu, Preparation of 1,2,5,6-tetra-hydro-3-carboalkoxypridines such as arecoline ... The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acebutolol is combined with Arecoline. ...
Synthesis of Cocaine analogs from Arecoline
The Arecoline freebase was prepared by treating the Arecoline Hydrobromide of commerce with concentrated aqueous sodium ... Arecoline Hydrobromide is a fairly cheap commercial starting material, $80/50g from Aldrich. Also, I think that it is used in ... Synthesis of Cocaine analogs from Arecoline. Written by Beagle, edited by Rhodium [ Back to the Chemistry Archive ] ... To a solution of 166ml of 1M 4-chlorophenylmagnesium bromide in 700ml ether was added 12.9g of arecoline freebase in 300ml ...
Arecoline from Betel Nut: Cancer-Causing Supplement Ingredient?
Arecoline is a cancer-causing compound found in betel nut / areca nut, similar to the nicotine in tobacco. Does it belong in ... In response, heres a more complete list of studies demonstrating the extremely toxic potential of arecoline:. *Arecoline- ... Arecoline, Arecoline Hydrobromide, Betel Nut, Blackstone Labs, Bodybuilding.com, Cancer, Carcinogen, Driven Sports, Insane Labz ... Arecoline from Betel Nut: Cancer-Causing Supplement Ingredient?. Posted on January 18, 2018 by Mike Roberto , 10 Comments ...
[email protected]: Immunobiological effect of arecoline: a plant Alkaloid
The [email protected] Centre provides a platform for research students to deposit their Ph.D. theses and make it available to the entire scholarly community in open access ...
IARC MONOGRAPHS VOL. 128: Acrolein, Crotonaldehyde and Arecoline - IARC
Arecoline HBr Supplier | CAS 300-08-3 | Focus Biomolecules
Arecoline (CAS 300-8-3) is a covalent inhibitor of ACAT1. It is an agonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M1 - M5. It ... Arecoline HBr , ACAT1 inhibitor Arecoline (CAS 300-8-3) is a covalent inhibitor of ACAT1 which binds to and disrupts only ACAT1 ... Treatment of xenograft nude mice with Arecoline resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in tumor mass.1 Agonist at muscarinic ... 3) Christie et al. (1981), Physostigmine and arecoline: effects of intravenous infusions in Alzheimer presenile dementia; Br. J ...
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Alkaloids - Wikimedia Commons
HydrobromideAlkaloidsNicotinePilocarpineEffects of arecolineAlkaloid arecolineGuvacolineGuvacineAcroleinMajor areca nut alkaloidQuidRole of arecolineAction of arecolineAcetylcholineStimulatesNormal buccalBuccalNicotinicPsychoactiveContains arecolineFound to elevateFibroblastsCholinomimeticEpithelialVolatileRatsConclusionSignificantlyMetabolitesLimeDose-dependentHaCaTEndothelialActive ingredientBromideInhibitorExcitationPretreatmentIngredientSubgroupEndogenousCarcinogenicEffectMethylMetabolismDecreasesReceptorsCompoundIngredients
Hydrobromide3
- [5] Arecoline hydrobromide was obtained 11% overall yield starting from nicotinic acid - no attempt was made to optimize yield. (sciencemadness.org)
- Arecoline Hydrobromide is a fairly cheap commercial starting material, $80/50g from Aldrich. (designer-drug.com)
- The Arecoline freebase was prepared by treating the Arecoline Hydrobromide of commerce with concentrated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, followed by extraction with methylene chloride, thorough drying of the extracts over anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate, followed by suction filtration and evaporation of the solvent in vacuo . (designer-drug.com)
Alkaloids5
- Arecoline, one of the areca alkaloids, induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors in primary human buccal mucosal fibroblasts. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Arecoline, one of the areca alkaloids, is the main agent of the areca nut responsible for fibroblast proliferation ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- In prior work (click here for a video), Papke and Horenstein studied arecoline, one of the psychoactive alkaloids in the areca nut. (newswise.com)
- Four alkaloids: arecoline, arecain, guracaine and another in very small amounts. (stuartxchange.org)
- A metabolomic approach to the metabolism of the areca nut alkaloids arecoline and arecaidine in the mouse. (semanticscholar.org)
Nicotine5
- A procedure based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) is described for the determination of nicotine and its principal metabolites cotinine, trans-3-hydroxycotinine and cotinine-N-oxide, caffeine and arecoline in breast milk, using N-ethylnorcotinine as internal standard. (nih.gov)
- Liquid/liquid extraction with chloroform/isopropanol (95:5, v/v) was used for nicotine, cotinine, trans-3-hydroxycotinine, cotinine-N-oxide and caffeine under neutral conditions and for arecoline under basic conditions. (nih.gov)
- Limits of quantification were 5 microg/L for nicotine, cotinine, trans-3-hydroxycotinine, cotinine-N-oxide and caffeine, and 50 microg/L for arecoline using 1 mL human milk per assay. (nih.gov)
- But to give you an idea of where we're going here, the arecoline in betel nut is akin to the nicotine in tobacco - both in terms of the benefits and the nasty side effects. (priceplow.com)
- They discovered that arecoline stimulates the same brain cell receptors responsible for nicotine addiction but doesn't stimulate the other types of nicotine receptors. (newswise.com)
Pilocarpine3
- Despite the similarities between the peripheral muscarinic actions of pilocarpine and arecoline, the central excitatory effect of pilocarpine HCL (100 mg/kg i.p.) lasted several hours in rats and was accompanied by clonic movementS, whereas the excitation induced by arecoline (50 mg/kg i.p.) lasted only 10 minutes and was associated with tremors. (aspetjournals.org)
- Arecoline resembles pilocarpine and muscarine in its effect. (stuartxchange.org)
- Idelivery - animals vntli cardiac weakness should not receive pilocarpine or arecoline. (riseaustin.org)
Effects of arecoline4
- Conclusion Intervention of arecoline contributes to the increase of permeability of DOK cell monolayer model, which maybe an important reason for the cancerization of dysplastic oral epithelia, however Ca 2+ might weaken these effects of arecoline in the process. (kqjbfz.com)
- Effects of arecoline and calcium ion on the permeability of dysplastic oral epithelia model in vitro [J].Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases, 2017, 25(1): 21-25. (kqjbfz.com)
- To explore the effects of arecoline on hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes rats and to elucidate its possible mechanism. (bvsalud.org)
- Central and peripheral effects of arecoline in patients with autonomic failure. (bmj.com)
Alkaloid arecoline4
- The main active component, the alkaloid arecoline, has potent cholinergic activity. (livingnaturally.com)
- However, the most common is the parasympathetic stimulant alkaloid arecoline. (drugs.com)
- Fruit flesh on seed contains the alkaloid arecoline with psychoactive properties and chewing produces euphoria, increased alertness, sweating, salivation. (stuartxchange.org)
- Key lead structures in this research program were the Amanita muscaria constituents, muscimol and ibotenic acid, and the Areca nut alkaloid, arecoline, all of which interact nonselectively with GABA, glutamate, and muscarinic receptors, respectively. (whsmith.co.uk)
Guvacoline1
- The methyl esters of arecoline and guvacoline are hydrolyzed in the presence of alkali to the respective acids, arecaidine and guvacine. (drugs.com)
Guvacine1
- The contents of arecoline, arecaidine and guvacine in SA and CSA. (hindawi.com)
Acrolein1
- The results of the recent IARC Monographs evaluation of the carcinogenicity of acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and arecoline have now been published in The Lancet Oncology . (who.int)
Major areca nut alkaloid1
- The oral epithelial cell line GNM cells were challenged with arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, by using Western blot analysis. (elsevier.com)
Quid2
- Background and Objective: Oral submucous fibrosis, a disease of collagen disorder, has been attributed to arecoline present in the saliva of betel quid chewers. (iisc.ac.in)
- 4 Arecoline is thought to be responsible for some of the claimed effects of betel quid chewing, such as alertness, increased stamina, a sense of well-being, euphoria, and salivation. (drugs.com)
Role of arecoline1
- We found that treatment of PC12 cells with arecoline induced the down-regulation of cells viability and up-regulation of apoptosis and the activity of caspase-3, indicating the neurotoxic role of arecoline to PC12 cells. (semanticscholar.org)
Action of arecoline3
- It is concluded that the increase in 45 Ca uptake through the action of arecoline is connected with activation of Nachannels. (springer.com)
- However, the molecular basis of the action of arecoline in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis is poorly understood. (iisc.ac.in)
- The basic aim of our study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying the action of arecoline on the expression of genes in oral fibroblasts. (iisc.ac.in)
Acetylcholine6
- Arecoline is known to be a partial agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine M1, M2, M3 receptors and M4, which is believed to be the primary cause of its parasympathetic effects. (wikipedia.org)
- Arecoline administration also increased acetylcholine and 5-HIAA levels, but the arecoline-induced rise in acetyleholine occurred within five minutes and returned to normal within 20 minutes, well before the 5-HIAA levels began to rise. (aspetjournals.org)
- Prior administration of atropine sulfate (5 mg/kg i.p.), which blocked the overt behavioral and cholinomimetic actions of both drugs, diminished the arecoline-incluced rises in acetylcholine and 5-HIAA levels. (aspetjournals.org)
- Arecoline is a muscarinic acetylcholine M1 and M2 receptor agonist, and has generated moderate interest in academic research for use in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative conditions, though its application is hindered by the compound's reported carcinogenicity ( see Wikipedia ). (sciencemadness.org)
- Treatment of xenograft nude mice with Arecoline resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in tumor mass. 1 Agonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M1 - M5 (EC 50 in the range of 7-410 nM). (focusbiomolecules.com)
- Found throughout the body, Ach is crucial for autonomic activation of the central nervous system and by binding to the muscarinic receptor, arecoline increases cholinergic activity (more acetylcholine) (2). (anabolicminds.com)
Stimulates3
- It has been showed that arecoline exposure stimulates fibroblast growth ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- These findings suggest that arecoline stimulates the HPA axis centrally, mainly via secretion of CRH. (euc.ac.cy)
- These data suggest that the muscarinic cholinergic agonist arecoline stimulates the HPA axis in the rat and that this effect is mediated mainly by the release of endogenous CRH. (euc.ac.cy)
Normal buccal1
- Methods: The expression levels of miR-21 in arecoline-stimulated normal buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) and OSF specimens were determined by qRT-PCR. (elsevier.com)
Buccal2
- A recent study also demonstrated that arecoline induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors in primary human buccal mucosal fibroblasts ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Previous studies demonstrated that upregulation of several molecules involved in EMT, such as vimentin, were expressed in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts following arecoline treatment ( 9 ), suggesting that the EMT process may be directly involved in the pathogenesis of OSF. (spandidos-publications.com)
Nicotinic3
- Arecoline (/əˈrɛkəliːn/) is a nicotinic acid-based mild parasympathomimetic stimulant alkaloid found in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). (wikipedia.org)
- Arecoline also acts as an agonist on the nicotinic receptor which may account for its anti-inflammatory activity. (wikipedia.org)
- Owing to its muscarinic and nicotinic agonist properties, arecoline has shown improvement in the learning ability of healthy volunteers. (wikipedia.org)
Psychoactive1
- Arecoline, which has a mild psychoactive effect, was also classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) . (who.int)
Contains arecoline1
- contains arecoline, a stimulant comparable to caffeine. (hoboes.com)
Found to elevate1
- [ 16 ] In one study, arecoline was found to elevate the mRNA and protein expression of cystatin C, a nonglycosylated basic protein consistently up-regulated in a variety of fibrotic diseases, in a dose-dependent manner in persons with oral submucous fibrosis. (medscape.com)
Fibroblasts3
- When influenced by slaked lime, arecoline is hydrolyzed to arecadine, which has pronounced effects on fibroblasts ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- It was also reported that arecoline depleted cellular glutathione (GTH) levels, and subsequently induced various genotoxic and cytotoxic stimulation in oral mucosal fibroblasts ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Material and Methods: Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and primary human gingival fibroblasts were treated with arecoline in combination with various pathway inhibitors, and the expression of transforming growth factor-beta isoform genes and of collagen isoforms was assessed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. (iisc.ac.in)
Cholinomimetic1
- The effect of the central cholinolytic benactyzine and the cholinomimetic arecoline on the uptake of 45 Ca by rat brain synaptosomes was studied in vitro. (springer.com)
Epithelial2
- Jeng, J.H. Areca nut extract and arecoline induced the cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis of cultured oral KB epithelial cells: association of glutathione, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential. (eurekaselect.com)
- Conclusion: Taken together, our data highlight the importance of arecoline-induced epithelial changes in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. (iisc.ac.in)
Volatile2
- Arecoline is volatile in steam, miscible with most organic solvents and water, but extractable from water by ether in presence of dissolved salts. (wikipedia.org)
- The active ingredient in betel nut is a volatile oil called arecoline. (factsanddetails.com)
Rats11
- Arecaidine is also formed during liver metabolism of arecoline in rats. (wikipedia.org)
- Aim: To investigate the effect of arecoline, a major component of betel nut, on vascular endothelial function in high fructose-fed rats and the potential mechanisms underlying the effect. (chinaphar.com)
- At the beginning of week 13, the rats were injected ip with low (0.5 mg·kg −1 ·d −1 ), medium (1.0 mg·kg −1 ·d −1 ) or high (5.0 mg·kg −1 ·d −1 ) doses of arecoline for 4 weeks. (chinaphar.com)
- Pretreatment of the aortic rings rings from high fructose-fed rats with the CSE inhibitor propargylglycine (10 mmol/L) or the ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channel blocker glibenclamide (10 mmol/L) abolished the restoration of ACh-induced EDVR by high dose arecoline. (chinaphar.com)
- On the contrary, treatment with high dose arecoline significantly impaired ACh-induced EDVR in the aortic rings from control rats, and pretreatment with propargylglycine or glibenclamide did not cause further changes. (chinaphar.com)
- Arecoline treatment improves ACh-induced EDVR in high fructose-fed rats, and the potential mechanism of action might be associated with increase of CSE expression and activation of K ATP channels by arecoline. (chinaphar.com)
- To examine the site on the HPA axis that is stimulated by cholinergic agents, we evaluated the in vivo and in vitro effects of the muscarinic cholinergic agonist arecoline in intact and pituitary stalk-transected rats as well as on isolated rat hypothalami, dispersed anterior pituicytes, and adrenocortical cells in culture. (euc.ac.cy)
- Arecoline, injected iv to catheterized, freely moving male Sprague-Dawley rats, stimulated plasma ACTH and corticosterone release in a dose-dependent fashion. (euc.ac.cy)
- rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8) control group , model group and model group were treated with different dose (0, 0.5, 1, 5 mg/kg) of arecoline . (bvsalud.org)
- 1.5 mg/kg arecoline could significantly decrease the level of fasting blood glucose , blood lipid , blood insulin level and liver G6Pase, PEPCK, IL-6 , TNF-alpha mRNA level in type 2 diabetes rats . (bvsalud.org)
- Arecoline improved hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes rats by increasing the mRNA levels of CAR and PXR leading to the creased glucose metabolism and inflammation related genes expression. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusion1
- In conclusion, the vitamins C and E partially attenuated the arecoline -induced hepatotoxiciy but basically had on protective effects against the arecoline -induced testicular toxicity . (bvsalud.org)
Significantly3
- The muscarinic cholinergic antagonist atropine significantly blunted the ACTH response to arecoline. (euc.ac.cy)
- The results showed that arecoline significantly increased the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and significantly decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione -S- transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase ( CAT ) in the liver tissues . (bvsalud.org)
- 1.5 mg/kg arecoline also could significantly increase CAR , PXR mRNA level and p-AKT and GLUT4 protein expression. (bvsalud.org)
Metabolites1
- Currently, 11 metabolites of arecoline are documented among which N-methylnipecotic acid was found to be a major metabolite of both arecoline and arecaidine. (wikipedia.org)
Lime2
- Lime is said to hydrolyse almost all arecoline to arecaidine, a GABA reuptake inhibitor. (wikipedia.org)
- Arecoline most likely is present in the nut as a salt of tannic acid, and the lime facilitates the release of the base from the salt. (drugs.com)
Dose-dependent2
- Results: MiR-21 expression was induced in BMFs by arecoline treatment in a dose-dependent manner. (elsevier.com)
- This hypothesis was confirmed by the dose-dependent ability of arecoline to cause hypothalamic CRH secretion in vitro, an effect antagonized by atropine, and its failure to elicit ACTH and corticosterone secretion by dispersed anterior pituicytes and adrenocortical cells in culture, respectively. (euc.ac.cy)
HaCaT2
- In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in arecoline-induced EMT in HaCaT cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Results: We observed the induction of transforming growth factor-beta2 by arecoline in HaCaT cells and this induction was found to be caused by activation of the M-3 muscarinic acid receptor via the induction of calcium and the protein kinase C pathway. (iisc.ac.in)
Endothelial2
- Zoellner, H. Arecoline is cytotoxic for human endothelial cells. (eurekaselect.com)
- Arecoline is cytotoxic for human endothelial cells. (biomedsearch.com)
Active ingredient2
- 173-174 °C. Arecoline is the primary active ingredient responsible for the central nervous system effects of the areca nut. (wikipedia.org)
- The active ingredient is arecoline, a mild central nervous system stimulant. (mazatecgarden.com)
Bromide1
- To a solution of 166ml of 1M 4-chlorophenylmagnesium bromide in 700ml ether was added 12.9g of arecoline freebase in 300ml ether at -10°C. The mix was stirred at -10°C for 30 min, poured onto ice and treated with 200ml of 10% HCl. (designer-drug.com)
Inhibitor2
- Arecoline (CAS 300-8-3) is a covalent inhibitor of ACAT1 which binds to and disrupts only ACAT1 tetramers (IC 50 =11.1 μM). (focusbiomolecules.com)
- Subsequently, we demonstrated that the administration of the miR-21 inhibitor suppressed the arecoline-induced myofibroblast characteristics, including a higher collagen gel contractility and cell motility, in normal BMFs. (elsevier.com)
Excitation1
- Arecoline promotes excitation and decreases sleeping time. (wikipedia.org)
Pretreatment1
- rCMRglc responses to quipazine, a postsynaptic serotonin agonist, and to arecoline and bromocriptine, cholinergic and dopaminergic agonists, were unchanged by PCA-pretreatment. (nih.gov)
Ingredient2
- Arecoline from Betel Nut: Cancer-Causing Supplement Ingredient? (priceplow.com)
- Beginning with the Euphroamine formula, Designer Supplements introduces another potent fatloss ingredient to the industry in Arecoline. (anabolicminds.com)
Subgroup1
- Results In arecoline group, the lucifer yellow P app values of each subgroup were higher than that of control group ( P P (kqjbfz.com)
Endogenous3
- Here, the purpose of present study was to verify whether ER stress and the disturbance of endogenous H2S generation are also involved in arecoline-caused neurotoxicity. (semanticscholar.org)
- Notably, the level of H2S in the culture supernatant and the expressions of cystathionine β-synthase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (two major enzymes for endogenous H2S generation in PC12 cells) were also reduced by arecoline treatment. (semanticscholar.org)
- These results indicate that arecoline-caused neurotoxicity to PC12 cells is involved in ER stress and disturbance of endogenous H2S generation and suggest that the modulation of ER stress and endogenous H2S generation may be potential therapeutic approach in treatment of arecoline-caused neurotoxicity. (semanticscholar.org)
Carcinogenic1
- Background: Arecoline is known as a carcinogenic toxicant. (eurekaselect.com)
Effect6
- Benactyzine was shown to depress the effect of arecoline and depolarization on uptake of the isotope. (springer.com)
- The refreshment effect of arecoline is mainly due to the increase in vasodilation and blood flow. (eurekaselect.com)
- The effect of arecoline on the S-nitrosylation of HSP60 chaperonin and calnexin was verified. (eurekaselect.com)
- Arecoline is a major alkaloid of areca nut and has been effect on central nervous system. (semanticscholar.org)
- Arecoline is found naturally in the Areca catechu plant and is chewed socially in many regions of Asia for its stimulating effect. (anabolicminds.com)
- Arecoline has the effect of inhibiting the pineal gland, thereby stimulating testicular function by releasing the restraints of melatonin (3) and subsequently increasing testosterone levels (4). (anabolicminds.com)
Methyl2
- The main starting material used by the authors is Arecoline (3,4-unsaturated N-methyl-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester), the active principle of the popular red betel nut. (designer-drug.com)
- The authors start with arecoline (the active compound in betel nut: N-methyl-piperidine- 3-carboxylic acid methyl ester with a double bond between the 3 and 4 positions). (designer-drug.com)
Metabolism1
- As is evident from the statements above, Arecoline alone is clearly an excellent tool for fat loss as it speeds up your metabolism, blunts your appetite and helps enhance your training, but why stop there? (anabolicminds.com)
Decreases2
- Intraperitoneal administration of arecoline decreases locomotor activity dose-dependently. (wikipedia.org)
- Arecoline present in it is used in preparation of anti-snoring medicine as well as decreases blood pressure. (indiastudychannel.com)
Receptors1
- Arecoline has the ability to stimulate the digestive system through the activation of musacarinic receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Compound2
- The story starts with betel nut, whose background we'll discuss before getting into the dangers of the arecoline compound itself. (priceplow.com)
- Arecoline, therefore, appears to be a compound suitable to selectively evaluate the responsiveness of the central component of the HPA axis. (euc.ac.cy)
Ingredients1
- Arecoline is merely the first constituent in a truly synergistic blend of ingredients. (anabolicminds.com)