Areca
Arecoline
Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Nuts
Piper betle
Micronesia
Tobacco, Smokeless
Mouth Mucosa
Pakistan
Plant Extracts
Oesophageal subepithelial fibrosis: an extension of oral submucosal fibrosis. (1/206)
Fifty-five patients with oral submucosal fibrosis and an equal number of patients with no evidence of the disease were studied. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and any abnormality was noted. Multiple oesophageal biopsies were obtained from the upper end of the oesophagus and from any endoscopically observed abnormality. The histological changes in the two groups were assessed blindly by an experienced histopathologist. Histological abnormalities were noted in the oesophageal mucosa in 2% of controls and 66% of patients with oral submucosal fibrosis (p < 0.0001). In the control group, acanthosis was seen in one patient, while in the patient group atrophy of the squamous epithelium was evident in 52%, hyperkeratosis in 52%, parakeratosis in 30%, dyskeratosis in 14%, acanthosis in 14%, and papillomatosis and mild dysplasia in 2% patients. Subepithelial collagenization was seen in 32 (64%) patients. The oesophageal abnormalities were seen more frequently in patients who had consumed Pan masala, Gutka, betel nut, tobacco or a combination of some or all of these, with or without betel leaf, for > or = 5 years compared to those consuming them for a shorter period of time (91% vs 46%, p < 0.001). It is concluded that oral submucosal fibrosis is not a disease confined to the oral cavity; the oesophagus may also be involved in about two-thirds of patients. (+info)Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 null genotypes as risk factors for oral leukoplakia in ethnic Indian betel quid/tobacco chewers. (2/206)
Oral cancer is the most common cancer in males and third most common in females in India, the main causative agent being the use of chewing tobacco with or without betel quid (BQ). However, nothing is known about the role of the host metabolic genes in oral cancer in ethnic Indian population. In this study, the prevalence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes (GSTM1*2 and GSTT1*2) in oral premalignant leukoplakia cases and controls was ascertained in genomic DNA by a multiplex PCR technique. Biopsies taken from 98 oral leukoplakia patients and exfoliated cells from 82 healthy controls both of Indian ethnicity were analysed. GSTM1*1 (active) was present in 83% and GSTT1*1 (active) was present in 78% of all control subjects, while prevalence of GSTM1*2 and GSTT1*2 null genotypes was significantly higher among oral leukoplakia cases. The prevalence of GSTM1*2 in leukoplakia cases was 81.6% compared with 17% in controls [odds ratio (OR), 22; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1047] and GSTT1*2 was 75.5% in the cases versus 22% in controls (OR, 11; 95% CI, 5-22). Combined null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 prevailed in 60.2% of the cases with none detected in controls. Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 enzymes are both known to catalyse detoxification of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation products and tobacco-derived carcinogens that have been found in the saliva of BQ/tobacco chewers. Our results, still requiring confirmation by a larger study, demonstrate that the null genotypes of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 increase with high penetrance, separately or in combination, the risk for developing leukoplakia in an Indian ethnic population. (+info)Antigenic relationship between four airborne palm pollen grains from Calcutta, India. (3/206)
The pollen grains of Areca catechu, Borassus flabellifer, Cocos nucifera and Phoenix sylvestris, all belonging to the family Aracaceae (Palmae), are airborne and found to be potent in causing human respiratory allergy. The present study was undertaken to discover the antigenic relationship, if any, in the four relevant palm pollen grains. The study was conducted by using Borassus and Phoenix antisera raised in rabbit. These antisera were used in rabbit IgG specific ELISA-inhibition and rocket immunoelectro-phoresis (RIE) assays for all four palm pollen extracts. In ELISA-inhibition, a distinct inhibition was obtained with comparable amount of soluble pollen protein. The RIE precipitin bands also revealed the presence of common antigenic components in the palm pollen. After isolation and purification, such common antigens may be useful in allergen immunotherapy in asthmatics. (+info)Safrole-like DNA adducts in oral tissue from oral cancer patients with a betel quid chewing history. (4/206)
Betel quid (BQ) chewing has been associated with an increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Piper betel inflorescence, which contains 15 mg/g safrole, is a unique ingredient of BQ in Taiwan. Chewing such prepared BQ may contribute to safrole exposure in human beings (420 microM safrole in saliva). Safrole is a known rodent hepatocarcinogen, yet its carcinogenicity in human beings is largely undetermined. In this study, using a (32)P-post-labeling method, we have found a high frequency of safrole-like DNA adducts in BQ-associated OSCC (77%, 23/30) and non-cancerous matched tissue (NCMT) (97%, 29/30). This was in contrast to the absence (< 1/10(9) nucleotides) of such adducts in all of non-BQ-associated OSCC and their paired NCMT (P < 0.001). Six of seven OSF also exhibited the same safrole-like DNA adduct. The DNA adduct levels in OSF and NCMT were significantly higher than in OSCC (P < 0.05). Using co-chromatography and rechromatography techniques, we further demonstrated that these adducts were identical to synthetic safrole-dGMP adducts as well as DNA adducts from 1'-hydroxysafrole-treated HepG2 cells. These results suggest that safrole forms stable safrole-DNA adducts in human oral tissue following BQ chewing, which may contribute to oral carcinogenesis. (+info)Risk factors for leukoplakia and malignant transformation to oral carcinoma: a leukoplakia cohort in Taiwan. (5/206)
The effects of betel nut chewing, smoking and alcohol on the occurrence of leukoplakia and its malignant transformation to oral carcinoma were quantified in a leukoplakia cohort (n = 435) from one medical centre between 1988 and 1998 in Taiwan. Sixty oral carcinomas were ascertained in this cohort. A case-control study within the leukoplakia cohort was used to study, risk factors. Using the Weibull survival model, the incidence of malignant transformation of leukoplakia was shown to increase with follow-up years. After adjustment for other relevant risk factors, betel nut chewing (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 4.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-16.86) remained a significant risk factor for malignant transformation. Results from the case-control study showed that the adjusted odds ratios for betel nut chewing and smoking on the occurrence of leukoplakia were 17.43 (95% CI 1.94-156.27) and 3.22 (95% CI 1.06-9.78), respectively. Similar findings were observed when daily frequency and duration were taken into account. This implies that cessation of smoking may reduce by 36% leukoplakia cases, while elimination of betel nuts may prevent 62% of leukoplakia and 26% of malignant transformation to oral carcinoma in the underlying population. (+info)Areca nut extract up-regulates prostaglandin production, cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein expression of human oral keratinocytes. (6/206)
There are about 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers in the world. BQ chewing is associated with increased incidence of oral cancer and submucous fibrosis. In this study, areca nut (AN) extract (200-800 microg/ml) induced the prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production by 1. 4-3.4-fold and 6-keto-PGF(1 alpha) production by 1.1-1.7-fold of gingival keratinocytes (GK), respectively, following 24 h of exposure. Exposure of GK to AN extract (>400 microg/ml) led to cell retraction and intracellular vacuoles formation. At concentrations of 800 and 1200 microg/ml, AN extract induced cell death at 21-24 and 32-52% as detected by MTT assay and cellular lactate dehydrogenase release, respectively. Interestingly, AN-induced morphological changes of GK are reversible. GK can still proliferate following exposure to AN extract. Cytotoxicity of AN extract cannot be inhibited by indomethacin (1 microM) and aspirin (50 microM), indicating that prostaglandin (PG) production is not the major factor responsible for AN cytotoxicity. PGE(2) exhibited little effect on the growth of GK at concentrations ranging from 100-1000 pg/ml. Stimulating GK production of PGs by AN extract could be due to induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression and protein production. These results suggest that AN ingredients are critical in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer via their stimulatory effects on the PGs, COX-2 production and associated tissue inflammatory responses. AN cytotoxicity to GK is not directly mediated by COX-2 stimulation and PG production. (+info)Induction of MDM2-P2 transcripts correlates with stabilized wild-type p53 in betel- and tobacco-related human oral cancer. (7/206)
MDM2, a critical element of cellular homeostasis mechanisms, is involved in complex interactions with important cell-cycle and stress-response regulators including p53. The mdm2-P2 promoter is a transcriptional target of p53. The aim of this study was to determine the association between mdm2-P2 transcripts and the status of the p53 gene in betel- and tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) to understand the mechanism of deregulation of MDM2 and p53 expression and their prognostic implications in oral tumorigenesis. Elevated levels of MDM2 proteins were observed in 11 of 25 (44%) oral hyperplastic lesions, nine of 15 (60%) dysplastic lesions, and 71 of 100 (71%) SCCs. The intriguing feature of the study was the identification and different subcellular localization of three isoforms of MDM2 (ie, 90 kd, 76 kd, and 57 kd) in oral SCCs and their correlation with p53 overexpression in each tumor. The hallmark of the study was the detection of mdm2-P2 transcripts in 12 of 20 oral SCCs overexpressing both MDM2 and p53 proteins while harboring wild-type p53 alleles. Furthermore, mdm2 amplification was an infrequent event in betel- and tobacco-associated oral tumorigenesis. The differential compartmentalization of the three isoforms of MDM2 suggests that each has a distinct function, potentially in the regulation of p53 and other gene products implicated in oral tumorigenesis. In conclusion, we report herein the first evidence suggesting that enhanced translation of mdm2-P2 transcripts (S-mdm2) may represent an important mechanism of overexpression and consequent stabilization and functional inactivation of wild-type p53 serving as an adverse prognosticator in betel- and tobacco-related oral cancer. The clinical significance of the functional inactivation of wild-type p53 by MDM2 is underscored by the significantly shorter median disease-free survival time (16 months) observed in p53/MDM2-positive cases as compared to those which did not show co-expression of these proteins (median time, 26 months; P = 0.02). (+info)Effects of chewing betel nut (Areca catechu) on the symptoms of people with schizophrenia in Palau, Micronesia. (8/206)
BACKGROUND: Although millions of people with schizophrenia live in betel chewing regions, the effects of betel chewing on their symptoms are unknown. Betel nut alkaloids include potent muscarinic cholinomimetics: recent research suggests that these agents may be therapeutic in schizophrenia. AIMS: To compare the primary and extrapyramidal symptom profiles and substance-using habits of betel chewing v. non-chewing people with schizophrenia. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 70 people with schizophrenia. Symptom ratings measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS), and demographic and substance-use data, were compared for 40 chewers and 30 non-chewers of betel nut. RESULTS: Betel chewers with schizophrenia scored significantly lower on the positive (P = 0.001) and negative (P = 0.002) sub-scales of the PANSS than did non-chewers. There were no significant differences in extrapyramidal symptoms or tardive dyskinesia. CONCLUSIONS: Betel chewing is associated with milder symptomatology and avoidance of more harmful recreational drugs. These initial results indicate that longitudinal research is merited. (+info)"Areca" is the term used to refer to the Areca catechu plant, which is also known as the betel nut palm. The areca nut, which is the seed of the fruit produced by this plant, is commonly chewed with betel leaf for its mild stimulant effects. It contains a number of alkaloids, including arecoline, which has psychoactive properties. Chewing areca nut is a popular habit in many parts of Asia and the Pacific Islands, despite evidence that it can have negative health effects, such as increasing the risk of oral cancer.
Arecoline is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid that is the primary active component found in the areca nut, which is chewed for its psychoactive effects in various parts of the world. It can cause stimulation of the nervous system and has been associated with several health risks, including oral cancer and cardiovascular disease.
The medical definition of Arecoline is:
A parasympathomimetic alkaloid found in the areca nut, which is chewed for its psychoactive effects. It stimulates the nervous system and has been associated with several health risks, including oral cancer and cardiovascular disease. The chemical formula for Arecoline is C7H9NO2.
Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, progressive, and potentially disabling disease that affects the oral soft tissues. It is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis (excessive deposition of collagen) of the submucosal tissues, leading to stiffness and limitation of mouth opening, tongue movement, and occasionally swallowing or speaking difficulties. The condition primarily affects individuals with a history of areca nut (betel nut) chewing, although other factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic predisposition may also contribute to its development. Symptoms can include burning sensation in the mouth, dryness, and pain during speaking, eating, or swallowing. In severe cases, OSF can lead to significant functional impairment and require surgical intervention.
In a medical context, "nuts" are typically referred to as a type of food that comes from dry fruits with one seed in them. They are often high in healthy fats, fiber, protein, and various essential nutrients. Examples include almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, cashews, pistachios, and pecans. However, it's important to note that some people may have allergies to certain types of nuts, which can cause serious health problems.
Mastication is the medical term for the process of chewing food. It's the first step in digestion, where food is broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth, making it easier to swallow and further digest. The act of mastication involves not only the physical grinding and tearing of food by the teeth but also the mixing of the food with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin to break down carbohydrates. This process helps to enhance the efficiency of digestion and nutrient absorption in the subsequent stages of the digestive process.
'Piper betle' is not a medical term, but a botanical name for a plant also known as the betel vine or betel pepper. It is commonly found in Southeast Asian countries and is used in various traditional medicinal practices. The leaves of this plant are often chewed along with other substances like tobacco and slaked lime for their mild stimulant and psychoactive effects.
In a medical context, 'Piper betle' may be mentioned in relation to its potential pharmacological properties or possible health benefits/risks associated with its use. However, it is not considered a standard medical treatment or therapy.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Micronesia" is not a medical term. It is a geographical term that refers to a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, which includes countries such as the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and the Marshall Islands. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!
Smokeless tobacco is a type of tobacco that is not burned or smoked. It's often called "spit" or "chewing" tobacco. The most common forms of smokeless tobacco in the United States are snuff and chewing tobacco. Snuff is a finely ground tobacco that can be dry or moist. Dry snuff is sniffed or taken through the nose, while moist snuff is placed between the lower lip or cheek and gum. Chewing tobacco is plugs, leaves, or twists of tobacco that are chewed or sucked on.
Smokeless tobacco contains nicotine, which is addictive. When you use smokeless tobacco, the nicotine is absorbed through the lining of your mouth and goes directly into your bloodstream. This can lead to a rapid increase in nicotine levels in your body, which can make it harder to quit using tobacco.
Smokeless tobacco also contains harmful chemicals that can cause cancer of the mouth, esophagus, and pancreas. It can also cause other health problems, such as gum disease, tooth decay, and precancerous lesions in the mouth. Using smokeless tobacco can also increase your risk of developing heart disease and having a stroke.
The mouth mucosa refers to the mucous membrane that lines the inside of the mouth, also known as the oral mucosa. It covers the tongue, gums, inner cheeks, palate, and floor of the mouth. This moist tissue is made up of epithelial cells, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings. Its functions include protecting the underlying tissues from physical trauma, chemical irritation, and microbial infections; aiding in food digestion by producing enzymes; and providing sensory information about taste, temperature, and texture.
In the context of medical terminology, a "habit" refers to a regular, repeated behavior or practice that is often performed automatically or subconsciously. Habits can be physical (such as biting nails) or mental (such as worrying). They can be harmless, beneficial (like regularly brushing your teeth), or harmful (like smoking cigarettes).
Habits are different from instincts or reflexes because they involve a learned behavior that has been repeated and reinforced over time. Breaking a habit can often be challenging due to the deeply ingrained nature of the behavior.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pakistan" is a country in South Asia and not a medical term or condition. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I would be happy to help!
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
Gingiva is the medical term for the soft tissue that surrounds the teeth and forms the margin of the dental groove, also known as the gum. It extends from the mucogingival junction to the base of the cervical third of the tooth root. The gingiva plays a crucial role in protecting and supporting the teeth and maintaining oral health by providing a barrier against microbial invasion and mechanical injury.
A mouth neoplasm refers to an abnormal growth or tumor in the oral cavity, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant mouth neoplasms are also known as oral cancer. They can develop on the lips, gums, tongue, roof and floor of the mouth, inside the cheeks, and in the oropharynx (the middle part of the throat at the back of the mouth).
Mouth neoplasms can have various causes, including genetic factors, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms may include a lump or thickening in the oral soft tissues, white or red patches, persistent mouth sores, difficulty swallowing or speaking, and numbness in the mouth. Early detection and treatment of mouth neoplasms are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing complications.
Areca
Areca nut
Areca novohibernica
Areca glandiformis
Areca hutchinsoniana
Areca whitfordii
Areca parens
Areca catechu
Areca (disambiguation)
Areca chaiana
Areca triandra
Areca ipot
Areca gurita
Areca andersonii
Areca concinna
Areca vestiaria
Areca alkaloids
Areca palm
Areca Backup
Areca nut production in India
List of English words of Dravidian origin
Seberang Perai
Dittisham
Perakian Malays
Mandailing people
Eng Chuan Tong Tan Kongsi
Susan Hendrik van Sitteren
N.K. Menon
History of Penang
Ngah Ibrahim
Areca - Wikipedia
Areca: Online Comparison of Research Results - AAAI
Areca nut | WHO FCTC
Areca Design Usage Statistics
Betel Nut Palm (Areca sp.), family Arecaceae photo - Stephen Luk photos at pbase.com
Defining a global research and policy agenda for betel quid and areca nut
Areca Palm • Earth.com areca palm
Car Buying with Areca Finance - Private Fleet Car Broker
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Mizoram district protests transfer of officer who took on areca nut smuggling - The Hindu
Support & Downloads | 廣安科技 Areca
Areca Dypsis lutescens 17cm - Burford Garden Co.
perfect enterprises located in villupuram, India. areca disposable biodegradable plates and cups avaialable
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Effects of chewing betel nut (Areca catechu) on the symptoms of people with schizophrenia in Palau, Micronesia | The British...
Illegal Areca Nut Trade Triggers High-Level Probe in India - The Diplomat
Areca : Security vulnerabilities, CVEs Code Execution
1 for Artificial Areca Palm Trees | Evergreen Direct
Re: kern/39041 (Pull-up of bioctl(8) support for Areca ARC-1220 from -current to 4.0)
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Hotel Riu Arecas | Adults Only Hotel Playa El Duque
Dried areca nuts1
- A few days ago, Campco received a memorandum from Mizoram-based social and environment activist Vanramchhuangi highlighting the smuggling of dried areca nuts from Myanmar. (thehindu.com)
Catechu10
- The best-known member of the genus is A. catechu, the areca nut palm. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca catechu L. Areca celebica Burret Areca chaiana J.Dransf. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca catechu - the Areca palm. (wikipedia.org)
- Effects of chewing betel nut (Areca catechu) on the. (cambridge.org)
- Betel chewing' describes the practice of masticating a quid of ingredients, including the seed of the Areca catechu palm (betel nut), the leaf of the creeping vine Piper betle and lime, usually in the form of burnt shell or coral. (cambridge.org)
- In this work, we investigated the applicability of an innovative and environment-friendly natural UV-absorber extracted from betel nut ( Areca catechu ). (springer.com)
- After integrating the Areca catechu in silk and nylon fabrics, the resultant sun-blocking properties were determined in terms of the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) measured by a vitro test conducted with a spectroradiometer. (springer.com)
- The silk and nylon fabrics treated with the Areca catechu in a highly acidic condition (pH=2) and heated at 70 °C for 70 min showed good UV-protection capacity (UPF=15-24) with sufficient antimicrobial properties. (springer.com)
- The mixture of this quid, or chew, is a combination of the areca nut (fruit of the Areca catechu palm tree, erroneously termed betel nut) and betel leaf (from the Piper betel, a pepper shrub), tobacco, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), and catechu (extract of the Acacia catechu tree). (medscape.com)
- Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Fruit Shape-Related Traits in Areca catechu . (bvsalud.org)
Illegal areca nut trade2
- Campco president Kishore Kumar Kodgi subsequently wrote to Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagging the illegal areca nut trade in Mizoram. (thehindu.com)
- The illegal areca nut trade is alleged to be thriving thanks to the patronage of politicians and government officials across many states in the country. (thediplomat.com)
Palms5
- Areca is a genus of 51 species of palms in the family Arecaceae, found in humid tropical forests from the islands of the Philippines, Malaysia and India, across Southeast Asia to Melanesia. (wikipedia.org)
- The generic name Areca is derived from a name used locally on the Malabar Coast of India .Areca palms are relatively fast-growing and are usually planted in clumps. (earth.com)
- Areca Palms are indigenous to the hydric forests of Madagascar. (burford.co.uk)
- Our Areca palms even feel real to touch â€" you will fool all your friends! (evergreendirect.co.uk)
- Two areca palms, laden with betel nuts, jut point toward the canopy of tree tops where a riot of shapes and textures fans out like fireworks. (cdc.gov)
Nuts19
- Several species of areca nuts, known for their bitter and tangy taste, raw or dried, are routinely used for chewing, especially in combination with the leaves of betel and dried leaves of tobacco. (wikipedia.org)
- The protest organised in the Champhai district by a coordination committee of local NGOs followed a warning from the Central Arecanut and Cocoa Marketing and Processing Cooperative (Campco) that illegal trade in areca nuts from Myanmar would harm farmers in India. (thehindu.com)
- The Zoram People's Movement said the State government ignored a December 2, 2021, order by the Ministry of Home Affairs to halt the transport of areca nuts smuggled in from Myanmar. (thehindu.com)
- An Aizawl-based transporter of areca nuts responded by registering a complaint against Ms. Zuali and her team of officials. (thehindu.com)
- Technavio has been monitoring the areca nuts market in APAC and it is poised to grow by $ 776.71 mn during 2021-2025 progressing at a CAGR of 3% during the forecast period. (marketresearch.com)
- Our report on areca nuts market in APAC provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors. (marketresearch.com)
- The market is driven by the increasing alternative uses of areca nuts and convenience of consuming areca nuts. (marketresearch.com)
- In addition, increasing alternative uses of areca nuts is anticipated to boost the growth of the market as well. (marketresearch.com)
- The areca nuts market in APAC market analysis includes product segment and geographical landscapes. (marketresearch.com)
- This study identifies medicinal values of areca nuts as one of the prime reasons driving the areca nuts market in APAC growth during the next few years. (marketresearch.com)
- Technavio's robust vendor analysis is designed to help clients improve their market position, and in line with this, this report provides a detailed analysis of several leading areca nuts market in APAC vendors that include CV Biola Jaya, Elias Export Import Ltd., GM Group, Lanka Guardian Commodities, PT Swastika International, PT. (marketresearch.com)
- Ruby Privatindo, SHRI GANESH PRASAD TRADERS, Sri Vinayaka Betelnut Traders, The CAMPCO Ltd., and VIET DELTA CORP.. Also, the areca nuts market in APAC analysis report includes information on upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. (marketresearch.com)
- A high-level probe has been launched in India into the smuggling of areca nuts from the neighboring countries. (thediplomat.com)
- The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has swung into action following an order from the Bombay High Court , which heard a Public Interest Litigation alleging that substandard and unsafe areca nuts were being smuggled by traders in connivance with custom officials. (thediplomat.com)
- In 2016, as many as 23 wagons of areca nuts were seized by the railways in Maharastra, which were reportedly loaded at a station in the eastern region of the country. (thediplomat.com)
- Three years later, a First Information Report at a police station in Assam alleged that 200 trucks of areca nuts sourced from Myanmar pass through the state every day without paying import duties. (thediplomat.com)
- A section of traders and government officials take advantage of the deals by falsely declaring areca nuts from Indonesia as originating from India's neighbors. (thediplomat.com)
- Of all the states in India, the smuggling of areca nuts has generated the most controversy in Assam, where the racket is alleged to have the blessings of powerful politicians and government officials. (thediplomat.com)
- However, unlike areca nuts, which are imported, most of these syndicates in India's Northeast thrive on exporting commodities such as cattle, coal, and boulders to Bangladesh, after sourcing these goods from different destinations in the country. (thediplomat.com)
India4
- The generic name Areca is derived from a name used locally on the Malabar Coast of India. (wikipedia.org)
- Such illegal entry of areca nut into India through the north-eastern region may affect the domestic areca nut farming community," he said, seeking immediate remedial action. (thehindu.com)
- we are the manufacturers of areca leaf plates from south India. (greenpeople.org)
- Mainpuri tobacco: Popular in parts of northern India, Mainpuri tobacco is a mixture of areca nut, tobacco, lime, and various condiments. (medscape.com)
Becc23
- Areca gandamatu Sultan Mardan Plantation Areca arundinacea Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca caliso Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca camarinensis Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca concinna Thwaites Areca congesta Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca costulata Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca furcata Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca guppyana Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca gurita Heatubun Areca hutchinsoniana Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca insignis (Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca ipot Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca jobiensis Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca laosensis Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca ledermanniana Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- ex Blume Areca macrocarpa Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca multifida Burret Areca nannospadix Burret Areca nigasolu Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca parens Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca rechingeriana Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca ridleyana Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- ex Furtado Areca rostrata Burret Areca salomonensis Burret Areca subacaulis (Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca torulo Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- C.K.Lim Areca vestiaria Giseke Areca vidaliana Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca warburgiana Becc. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca whitfordii Becc. (wikipedia.org)
Quid7
- Betel quid and areca nut are known risk factors for many oral and oesophageal cancers, and their use is highly prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region. (nih.gov)
- Unlike tobacco, for which the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control provides evidence-based policies for reducing tobacco use, no global policy exists for the control of betel quid and areca nut use. (nih.gov)
- Multidisciplinary research is needed to address this neglected global public health emergency and to mobilise efforts to control betel quid and areca nut use. (nih.gov)
- In addition, future research is needed to advance our understanding of the basic biology, mechanisms, and epidemiology of betel quid and areca nut use, to advance possible prevention and cessation programmes for betel quid and areca nut users, and to design evidence-based screening and early diagnosis programmes to address the growing burden of cancers that are associated with use. (nih.gov)
- The condition is well recognized for its malignant potential and is particularly associated with areca nut chewing, the main component of betel quid. (medscape.com)
- The areca nut component of betel quid plays a major role in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. (medscape.com)
- [ 15 ] Commercially freeze-dried products such as pan masala, guthka, and mawa have higher concentrations of areca nut per chew and appear to cause oral submucous fibrosis more rapidly than self-prepared conventional betel quid, which contains smaller amounts of areca nut. (medscape.com)
Tobacco2
- Mawa (kharra): This is a crude combination of areca, tobacco, and lime. (medscape.com)
- The use of smokeless tobacco by in the mouth, against the cheek or humans is a voluntary practice en behind the lip and sucked (dipped) Evaluations of smokeless tobac gaged in by hundreds of mil ions of or chewed. (who.int)
Scheff1
- Areca minuta Scheff. (wikipedia.org)
Dypsis1
- This Areca dypsis lutescens is the charming, immature form of the popular Golden Cane Palm. (burford.co.uk)
Assam2
- In Assam, areca nut is also known as tamul in the local dialect. (wikipedia.org)
- In 2018, Assam rights activist Akhil Gogoi revealed details of the clandestine network that sustains the smuggling of areca nut from Myanmar. (thediplomat.com)
Chewing3
- Areca nut is also popularly referred to as betel nut because of its usage for chewing with betel leaves. (wikipedia.org)
- Areca nut chewing contributes to the very high burden of oral cancer in South and Southeast Asia. (bmj.com)
- [ 15 ] but their addition to areca nut chewing can be a risk for oral submucous fibrosis. (medscape.com)
Arecoline1
- Arecoline is the primary active ingredient of the areca nut. (who.int)
Flourish1
- Areca Palm hedging flourish in rich, slightly acidic soil with a very good drainage system. (silkplantsdirect.com)
Campco3
- Campco is a cooperative of areca nut farmers and stands for Central Areca Nut Marketing and Processing Cooperative. (civilsocietyonline.com)
- Campco was set up in 1973 when prices of areca nut touched a record low. (civilsocietyonline.com)
- It was the late Varanashi Subraya Bhat, an agriculturist, who started Campco to ensure price stability for distressed areca nut farmers. (civilsocietyonline.com)
Medicinal1
- Areca Tea is naturally sweet to taste and is rich in Anti-Oxidant, rich in Proline and contains HIGHEST natural Anti Aging molecules which are present only in Areca Nut among 150 medicinal plants. (greenremediesindia.in)
Leaf1
- This elegant artificial Real Touch Areca Palm tree stands at 5ft from the bottom of the starter planter to the top leaf. (evergreendirect.co.uk)
Trunks1
- With smooth, golden-hued trunks that are reminiscent of bamboo clumps, Areca Palm trees consist of long feathery fronds that give it a lush and full look that help in shielding the space from onlookers. (silkplantsdirect.com)
Artificial3
- Our artificial Areca Palm trees are premium quality made using top quality silks, plastic and latex to ensure they look lush and healthy for many years. (evergreendirect.co.uk)
- You will be able to create an elegant and everlasting look with this artificial areca palm tree. (evergreendirect.co.uk)
- Since Areca Palm trees do require a fair bit of maintenance and cannot tolerate neglect, one can opt for outdoor artificial Areca Palm Tree Hedges that can withstand harsh sunlight, rain, snow and wind without fading. (silkplantsdirect.com)
Contributes1
- Out of this the bulk comes from areca nut, but the chocolate factory contributes a significant Rs 300 crore. (civilsocietyonline.com)
Laden1
- Trucks laden with supari (areca nut) were seen on the highway at regular intervals, but they were always in possession of the necessary documents. (thediplomat.com)
Myanmar2
- Hundreds of people in a Mizoram district bordering Myanmar have taken to the streets to protest the transfer of an officer who had taken on areca nut smugglers. (thehindu.com)
- Trucks loaded with areca nut from Myanmar seized in Manipur. (thediplomat.com)
Cups1
- Just Two cups of Areca Tea in a day for at least three months will give you the best results. (greenremediesindia.in)
Raid1
- does somebody can tell me in short if i can shrink my Raid 6 Array (16x4Tb) on my Areca 1882-24 4Gb by 6 disks, and if how? (hardforum.com)
Sata1
- Each of those splits out to 4 separate sata connectors that are connected to the Areca controller. (hardforum.com)
Farmers3
- So how did an areca nut cooperative of farmers get into the complex business of making chocolate? (civilsocietyonline.com)
- Bhat repeatedly warned the farmers not to depend only on areca nut. (civilsocietyonline.com)
- Areca nut farmers began to grow cocoa under the shade of their areca trees. (civilsocietyonline.com)
Madagascar1
- A stately palm native to Madagascar, the Areca Palm can grow up to 8' tall indoors and makes for an excellent showpiece. (artterrarium.com)
Palm Tree3
- Where can I use this Real Touch Areca Palm tree? (evergreendirect.co.uk)
- Our fake Areca Palm tree is a very versatile product that compliments many environments and designs. (evergreendirect.co.uk)
- Delightful alternatives to their real counterpart and common hedging plants, Areca Palm tree hedges make for striking additions to any garden and will add year-round appeal and color. (silkplantsdirect.com)
Trees4
- One of the most popular houseplants used for creating bright interiors, Areca Palm trees have recently gained popularity as efficient privacy screens. (silkplantsdirect.com)
- Best suited for warmer climates, preferring Zone 10 and up, Areca Palm trees are bold and beautiful and attract the right kind of attention. (silkplantsdirect.com)
- However, Areca Palm trees are sensitive to overwatering and cannot tolerate being waterlogged or sitting in a water-saturated potting mix. (silkplantsdirect.com)
- Areca Palm trees do well in average temperatures of 65 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit and can tolerate outdoor temperatures above 50 degrees Fahrenheit. (silkplantsdirect.com)
Healthy2
- Areca Tea- Healthy, Tasty, Refreshing. (greenremediesindia.in)
- Be the first to review "Areca Tea- Healthy, Tasty, Refreshing. (greenremediesindia.in)
Products1
- Areca Finance have always offered their clients access to leading edge products and services. (privatefleet.com.au)
Content1
- [ 4 ] or had a higher areca nut content. (medscape.com)
Family1
- While on holiday retreat with your family, your children can also discover the fun in sports and recreation facilities offered at Areca Stay such as children's playground. (agoda.es)
Leaves1
- The leaves of this Areca tree vary from mid green to light green and are made from silk polyester. (evergreendirect.co.uk)
Page1
- Cite this page: "Areca aurea" Text available under a CC-BY-SA Creative Commons Attribution License. (llifle.com)
Frequent1
- In most indoor situations It is unlikely that an areca palm will live long enough to need frequent repotting. (earth.com)
Design4
- Get access to data on 105 websites that are Areca Design Customers. (builtwith.com)
- We know of 28 live websites using Areca Design and an additional 77 sites that used Areca Design historically and 1 websites in the United States . (builtwith.com)
- Get a list of 105 websites using Areca Design which includes location information, hosting data, contact details, 28 currently live websites and an additional 12 domains that redirect to sites in this list. (builtwith.com)
- 77 sites that used this technology previously and 1 websites in the United States currently using Areca Design. (builtwith.com)
Service5
- That's why Areca Finance are delighted to announce a new relationship with Private Fleet, Australia's number one car buying service. (privatefleet.com.au)
- Areca Stay offers laundry service at your fingertips for whenever you need your favorite clothes clean and fresh all throughout your getaway. (agoda.es)
- Areca Stay provides dry cleaning service that is accessible all throughout your stay, ensuring you're always looking your finest in your favorite outfit. (agoda.es)
- Past visitors that stayed at Areca Stay have given this property a rating of 9.778 for its exceptional service as the primary highlight for their stay. (agoda.es)
- The Hotel Riu Arecas is a 4-star hotel in Tenerife, Spain , specialising in Adults Only service. (riu.com)
Made1
- Areca Tea is made using processed, naturally grown Areca Nut. (greenremediesindia.in)
Active1
- A patented processing method is used to extract active molecules from areca nut and converted into a hot beverage named as ARECA TEA. (greenremediesindia.in)
Photographs1
- Areca Roe's series of photographs and videos, titled Stock Pile , are her response to the absurdity of stock photo companies' prompts for photographers, and a send-up of stock imagery's generic ubiquity and commercially-polished cheeriness. (rosaluxgallery.com)
Items1
- The items included areca nut. (thehindu.com)
Include1
- While residing at Areca Stay, enjoy your morning or evening stroll at close by park which include Royal Garden and Royal Independence Garden. (agoda.es)
Data2
- The Areca SDK has sample code for SMART data. (hardforum.com)
- This raster dataset represents the agricultural census data quality for harvested areas of areca nut crops. (btaa.org)
Close3
Enjoy1
- The warm climate that envelops the Hotel Riu Arecas in Tenerife year-round makes its beaches the perfect place to enjoy the sun and sea, and take part in activities and water sports, all under the watchful gaze of the Teide volcano and the spell of its lunar magic. (riu.com)
Areas1
- Whether you're looking to define garden areas, property boundaries, or just feel the need for variety that steers away from classic boxwood hedges, Areca Palm Hedging is the way to go. (silkplantsdirect.com)
Services2
Shopping1
- Shopping options in Areca Stay's Sala Kamreuk neighborhood comprises of Psar Chaa - Old Market and ANM Khmer Market. (agoda.es)
Save1
- Now, not only can you secure a great deal on leasing through Areca Finance, you can now save thousands off the purchase price of all new and used vehicles with Private Fleet! (privatefleet.com.au)