Burial
Protein preservation and DNA retrieval from ancient tissues. (1/404)
The retrieval of DNA from fossils remains controversial. To substantiate claims of DNA recovery, one needs additional information on the preservation of other molecules within the same sample. Flash pyrolysis with GC and MS was used to assess the quality of protein preservation in 11 archaeological and paleontological remains, some of which have yielded ancient DNA sequences authenticated via a number of criteria and some of which have consistently failed to yield any meaningful DNA. Several samples, including the Neanderthal-type specimen from which DNA sequences were recently reported, yielded abundant pyrolysis products assigned to 2,5-diketopiperazines of proline-containing dipeptides. The relative amounts of these products provide a good index of the amount of peptide hydrolysis and DNA preservation. Of these samples, four stem from arctic or subarctic regions, emphasizing the importance of cooler temperatures for the preservation of macromolecules. Flash pyrolysis with GC and MS offers a rapid and effective method for assessing fossils for the possibility of DNA preservation. (+info)Why hunter-gatherer populations do not show signs of pleistocene demographic expansions. (2/404)
The mitochondrial DNA diversity of 62 human population samples was examined for potential signals of population expansions. Stepwise expansion times were estimated by taking into account heterogeneity of mutation rates among sites. Assuming an mtDNA divergence rate of 33% per million years, most populations show signals of Pleistocene expansions at around 70,000 years (70 KY) ago in Africa and Asia, 55 KY ago in America, and 40 KY ago in Europe and the Middle East, whereas the traces of the oldest expansions are found in East Africa (110 KY ago for the Turkana). The genetic diversity of two groups of populations (most Amerindian populations and present-day hunter-gatherers) cannot be explained by a simple stepwise expansion model. A multivariate analysis of the genetic distances among 61 populations reveals that populations that did not undergo demographic expansions show increased genetic distances from other populations, confirming that the demography of the populations strongly affects observed genetic affinities. The absence of traces of Pleistocene expansions in present-day hunter-gatherers seems best explained by the occurrence of recent bottlenecks in those populations, implying a difference between Pleistocene (approximately 1,800 KY to 10 KY ago) and Holocene (10 KY to present) hunter-gatherers demographies, a difference that occurred after, and probably in response to, the Neolithic expansions of the other populations. (+info)Neanderthal cannibalism at Moula-Guercy, Ardeche, France. (3/404)
The cave site of Moula-Guercy, 80 meters above the modern Rhone River, was occupied by Neanderthals approximately 100,000 years ago. Excavations since 1991 have yielded rich paleontological, paleobotanical, and archaeological assemblages, including parts of six Neanderthals. The Neanderthals are contemporary with stone tools and faunal remains in the same tightly controlled stratigraphic and spatial contexts. The inference of Neanderthal cannibalism at Moula-Guercy is based on comparative analysis of hominid and ungulate bone spatial distributions, modifications by stone tools, and skeletal part representations. (+info)Mid-Pleistocene Acheulean-like stone technology of the Bose basin, South China. (4/404)
Stone artifacts from the Bose basin, South China, are associated with tektites dated to 803,000 +/- 3000 years ago and represent the oldest known large cutting tools (LCTs) in East Asia. Bose toolmaking is compatible with Mode 2 (Acheulean) technologies in Africa in its targeted manufacture and biased spatial distribution of LCTs, large-scale flaking, and high flake scar counts. Acheulean-like tools in the mid-Pleistocene of South China imply that Mode 2 technical advances were manifested in East Asia contemporaneously with handaxe technology in Africa and western Eurasia. Bose lithic technology is associated with a tektite airfall and forest burning. (+info)Rapid extinction of the moas (Aves: Dinornithiformes): model, test, and implications. (5/404)
A Leslie matrix population model supported by carbon-14 dating of early occupation layers lacking moa remains suggests that human hunting and habitat destruction drove the 11 species of moa to extinction less than 100 years after Polynesian settlement of New Zealand. The rapid extinction contrasts with models that envisage several centuries of exploitation. (+info)The initial domestication of goats (Capra hircus) in the Zagros mountains 10,000 years ago. (6/404)
Initial goat domestication is documented in the highlands of western Iran at 10,000 calibrated calendar years ago. Metrical analyses of patterns of sexual dimorphism in modern wild goat skeletons (Capra hircus aegagrus) allow sex-specific age curves to be computed for archaeofaunal assemblages. A distinct shift to selective harvesting of subadult males marks initial human management and the transition from hunting to herding of the species. Direct accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates on skeletal elements provide a tight temporal context for the transition. (+info)Pleistocene milestones on the out-of-Africa corridor at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, israel. (7/404)
The Acheulean site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov in the Dead Sea Rift of Israel documents hominin movements and technological development on a corridor between Africa and Eurasia. New age data place the site at 780,000 years ago (oxygen isotope stage 19), considerably older than previous estimates. The archaeological data from the site portray strong affinities with African stone tool traditions. The findings also reflect adroit technical skills and in-depth planning abilities, more advanced and complex than those of earlier archaeological occurrences in the Levant. (+info)Peopling the past: new perspectives on the ancient Maya. (8/404)
The new direction in Maya archaeology is toward achieving a greater understanding of people and their roles and their relations in the past. To answer emerging humanistic questions about ancient people's lives Mayanists are increasingly making use of new and existing scientific methods from archaeology and other disciplines. Maya archaeology is bridging the divide between the humanities and sciences to answer questions about ancient people previously considered beyond the realm of archaeological knowledge. (+info)In the medical field, archaeology is not typically used as a term. However, there are some instances where the principles and methods of archaeology may be applied to medical research. For example, forensic archaeology is a subfield of archaeology that involves the application of archaeological techniques and methods to the investigation of crimes and other legal matters. In the medical field, forensic archaeologists may be called upon to assist in the recovery and analysis of human remains, which can provide valuable information for medical and legal investigations. Additionally, archaeological research may be used to study the evolution of human health and disease over time. By analyzing ancient human remains and artifacts, archaeologists can gain insights into the diets, lifestyles, and environments of past populations, which can help to shed light on the factors that contribute to the development of various health conditions. Overall, while archaeology is not typically used as a term in the medical field, its principles and methods can be applied in certain contexts to provide valuable insights into human health and disease.
In the medical field, the term "civilization" is not commonly used. However, the term "civilization syndrome" is sometimes used to describe a group of symptoms that are thought to be related to the modern lifestyle, including constipation, hemorrhoids, and anal fissures. These symptoms are believed to be caused by the lack of physical activity, poor diet, and other factors associated with modern life.
In the medical field, burial refers to the process of disposing of a deceased person's remains through the placement of the body in a grave or tomb. This process is typically carried out after a person has passed away and their body has undergone the necessary procedures, such as embalming or cremation. Burial can be performed in a variety of ways, including traditional ground burial, entombment in a mausoleum, or scattering of ashes in a designated area. The specific method of burial may vary depending on cultural, religious, or personal preferences. In addition to the physical act of burial, there may be various medical procedures involved in preparing the body for burial, such as the removal of medical devices or the administration of medications to preserve the body. The medical professionals involved in these procedures may include doctors, nurses, morticians, and funeral directors.
In the medical field, anthropology is the study of human biology, behavior, and culture in relation to health and illness. Medical anthropology is a subfield of anthropology that focuses specifically on the intersection of health and culture, and how cultural beliefs, practices, and values shape health outcomes and healthcare practices. Medical anthropologists use a variety of research methods, including participant observation, interviews, and surveys, to study how cultural factors influence health behaviors, health beliefs, and healthcare practices. They also examine how social and economic factors, such as poverty, inequality, and discrimination, impact health outcomes and access to healthcare. Medical anthropologists work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, research institutions, and community organizations. They may work with healthcare providers, policymakers, and community members to develop culturally appropriate healthcare practices and policies that take into account the diverse needs and perspectives of different cultural groups.
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Classical Archaeology
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Environmental Archaeology | University of Leicester
Features - Archaeology Magazine
Archaeology
James Nottingham - Archaeology, University of York
Archeology of Violence
Archaeology Belshazzar
Finances - Department of Archaeology - Simon Fraser University
International Congress of Christian Archaeology | Cambridge University Press
Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology | | Brown University
ROM Archaeology Weekend | Royal Ontario Museum
Biblical Archaeology - Bible History
Performance | School of History, Classics and Archaeology | Newcastle University
Academic staff | Archaeology | The University of Sheffield
Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology | Institution outputs | Nature Index
archaeology investigation Applications | Environmental XPRT
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Archaeology
Welcome - Archaeology & Anthropology | UW-La Crosse
Digital archaeology2
20233
- The interactions and object stories were designed by students of Classical Archaeology as part of a course in summer semester 2023. (uni-giessen.de)
- A short report on the goals and didactic approaches of the current project "Museum 3D" of JLU's Chair of Classical Archaeology can be found in the current issue 36 (2023) No. 3 of uniforum. (uni-giessen.de)
- The table to the right includes counts of all research outputs for Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology published between 1 June 2022 - 31 May 2023 which are tracked by the Nature Index. (nature.com)
Discipline of archaeology2
- Such antiquarian pursuits waned after the Song period, were revived in the 17th century during the Qing dynasty, but were always considered a branch of Chinese historiography rather than a separate discipline of archaeology. (wikipedia.org)
- The goal of the Institute is to foster an interdisciplinary community of interest in the archaeology of the ancient world, and in the discipline of archaeology more generally. (brown.edu)
Humanities1
- Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. (wikipedia.org)
Search1
- One current project is the underwater archaeology search for the Franklin Expedition's lost vessels, the HMS Erebus and HMS Terror. (rom.on.ca)
Chair1
- The Chair of Classical Archaeology mourns the death of Prof. Dr. Siemer Oppermann, who passed away at the age of 88. (uni-giessen.de)
University2
- Even beyond his profession, he was enthusiastically committed to archaeology and Greek culture and rendered outstanding services to the Collection of Classical Antiquities at Justus Liebig University as a sponsor and lender. (uni-giessen.de)
- Prior to this PhD, I studied Archaeology at the University of Central Lancashire through an undergraduate integrated masters course (MSci, Distinction) between 2012 and 2016. (york.ac.uk)
Dell'unto1
- Nicolò Dell'Unto is an associate professor and senior lecture in archaeology. (lu.se)
Cultures3
- The visual cultures of Greek and Roman Antiquity, the border regions of the Roman Empire, outreach to non-academic audiences in museum contexts, and the employment of digital tools in the study of ancient cultures are the core areas of research and teaching at JLU's department of Classical Archaeology. (uni-giessen.de)
- ROM Ancient Cultures is getting ready for Archaeology Weekend, April 13-14, 11am-3pm at the museum. (rom.on.ca)
- Explore the lands of the Bible, encounter their ancient cultures, and learn more of biblical archaeology. (bible-history.com)
Underwater2
- Parks Canada has an active archaeology program across Canada-on land and underwater! (rom.on.ca)
- Many projects investigating underwater archaeology or marine life and their habitats involve long periods of observation - something ideally suited to VideoRay ROV capabilities. (environmental-expert.com)
Research3
- In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. (wikipedia.org)
- The Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology is committed to engaging with issues of social justice and heritage in our teaching, public programs, and research. (brown.edu)
- The U of T Archaeology Centre brings together archaeologists from across campus and the ROM, collaborating on research projects around the world. (rom.on.ca)
Greek2
- The science of archaeology (from Greek ἀρχαιολογία, archaiologia from ἀρχαῖος, arkhaios, "ancient" and -λογία, -logia, "-logy") grew out of the older multi-disciplinary study known as antiquarianism. (wikipedia.org)
- He was called by his contemporaries pater antiquitatis ('father of antiquity') and today "father of classical archaeology": "Cyriac of Ancona was the most enterprising and prolific recorder of Greek and Roman antiquities, particularly inscriptions, in the fifteenth century, and the general accuracy of his records entitles him to be called the founding father of modern classical archeology. (wikipedia.org)
Classics1
- These encompass existing work within the School of History, Classics, and Archaeology. (ncl.ac.uk)
Investigation2
- Since its early development, various specific sub-disciplines of archaeology have developed, including maritime archaeology, feminist archaeology, and archaeoastronomy, and numerous different scientific techniques have been developed to aid archaeological investigation. (wikipedia.org)
- The Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World promotes the investigation, understanding, and enjoyment of the archaeology and art of the ancient Mediterranean, Egypt, and the Near East. (brown.edu)
Main1
- Archaeology of College Hill, an ongoing fall term course and fieldschool for Brown undergraduates, has worked at multiple sites in the area immediately surrounding the Brown main campus. (brown.edu)
Site1
- Use the resources of this site to learn how archaeology illuminates biblical text. (bible-history.com)
Interpretation1
- We will critically evaluate the techniques used in environmental archaeology and will consider categories of environmental data and their analysis and interpretation. (le.ac.uk)
Study2
- Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. (wikipedia.org)
- Archaeology is distinct from palaeontology, which is the study of fossil remains. (wikipedia.org)
News1
- Receive email alerts on new books, offers and news in International Congress of Christian Archaeology. (cambridge.org)
Science2
- Tentative steps towards the systematization of archaeology as a science took place during the Enlightenment period in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. (wikipedia.org)
- The present article proposes an archeology ( in the Foucault's sense) of the taking-care- from its animal origin to its cultural and historical forms- and put in evidence the subversion produced in the field of taking-care, from practices to speechs, the emergency and domination of the science discourse. (bvsalud.org)
Data2
- The Data Controller is the committee of Bidston Community Archaeology. (google.com)
- A comprehensive review of archived files and other documents (interchangeably referred to as "data archaeology" and "data discovery") is a priority and should precede other previously scheduled activities. (cdc.gov)
Work1
- In addition to featuring our ROM experts and collections, archaeologists from across Canada will be here for Archaeology Weekend to talk about their work. (rom.on.ca)
Learn1
- Learn more on the Parks Canada archaeology website . (rom.on.ca)
People1
- Contact details of people in archaeology circles. (google.com)
Courses1
- Our enthusiasm for Classical Archaeology in its various facets and practical innovation is reflected in our wide range of courses that stress problem-oriented teaching and effective preparation for future occupational fields. (uni-giessen.de)
World1
- Archaeology developed out of antiquarianism in Europe during the 19th century, and has since become a discipline practised around the world. (wikipedia.org)
Past2
- Archaeology has been used by nation-states to create particular visions of the past. (wikipedia.org)
- Archaeology not only preserves the past, it also destroys it. (lu.se)
Methods1
- Giuseppe Fiorelli, who assumed responsibility for the excavation of Pompeii in 1860, also pioneered the use of stratigraphic methods in archaeology. (encyclopedia.com)