Archaeal Viruses

Acidianus

Sulfolobus

Rudiviridae

Fuselloviridae

Lipothrixviridae

Archaeal Proteins

Haloarcula

Halorubrum

Archaea

RNA, Archaeal

DNA Viruses

DNA, Archaeal

Genes, Archaeal

Genome, Archaeal

Hot Springs

Genome, Viral

Virion

Viral Proteins

Molecular Sequence Data

RNA Viruses

Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal

Vaccinia virus

Receptors, Virus

Virus Replication

Virus Cultivation

Virus Shedding

Phylogeny

Methanobacteriaceae

Methanococcales

Virus Diseases

Simian virus 40

Crenarchaeota

Virus Assembly

Plant Viruses

Chromosomes, Archaeal

Archaeal virus

Asgard (archaea)

David Prangishvili

Marine viruses

Biology

Virus

Parasitism

Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus 1

Bicaudaviridae

Globuloviridae

Lysin

Diversity-generating retroelement

Icerudivirus

Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2

Provirus

Bacteriophage

Prophage

Archaea

Rup Lal

Lipothrixviridae

Escherichia virus CC31

Pseudomonas virus phi6

Escherichia virus T5

Sulfolobus islandicus filamentous virus

Gene transfer agent

Acidianus

Clavaviridae

Martha Chase

Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 1

Filamentous bacteriophage

Sulfolobus

TATA box

Transcription factor II B

Ubiquitin

Nucleoprotein

Christa Schleper

Halorubrum

Recombinase

Yingchengvirus

Soil microbiology

List of MeSH codes (D12.776)

Marine prokaryotes

Whole genome sequencing

Ligamenvirales

Alpha solenoid

Marine food web

Guttaviridae

Orphan gene

RefSeq

DNA polymerase

Metagenomics

Deep biosphere

Haloarcula hispanica pleomorphic virus 1

Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents

Indoor bioaerosol

Cell nucleus

Bacterial6

• Our research is focused on the discovery of novel bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic microbes and viruses in environmental sequence data. (doe.gov)
• Viruses infect and replicate within host cells, and through these infective interactions, they play important roles in controlling bacterial population size, altering host metabolism, and have broader impacts on the functions of microbial communities, such as human gut, soil, and ocean microbiomes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
• Bacterial and archaeal symbioses with protists. (isep-protists.com)
• To address this problem while accounting for some aspects of eukaryotic biochemistry, a different model has been discussed in the literature, one where a bacterium first engulfed an archaeon and the archaeal membrane was thereby lost, and then a second bacterial endosymbiont became the mitochondrion. (nih.gov)
• Our finding that eukaryotic viruses evolved from bacterial viruses seems to strongly favor this two-symbioses model for the origin of eukaryotic cells. (nih.gov)
• Specifically, 16 multi-kingdom markers, including 11 bacterial, 4 fungal, and 1 archaeal feature, achieved good performance in diagnosing patients with colorectal cancer. (who.int)

Eukaryotic5

• While the term virus broadly includes those that infect prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts, throughout we use the term virus (and provirus in the case of integrated viruses), to refer to viruses that infect bacteria or archaea (the focus of this study) rather than the terms phage or bacteriophage, which specifically refer to viruses that infect bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
• Studies on bacteriophage replication provide implications for the more complicated replication systems in bacteria, archaeal, and eukaryotic systems, as well as the RNA genome replication in RNA viruses. (nih.gov)
• My colleagues and I addressed this question by reconstructing a virome (the collection of viruses that infect a given host species) of our two-billion-year-old eukaryotic ancestor. (nih.gov)
• Considering this, we assumed that eukaryotic viruses would have evolved from viruses of archaea. (nih.gov)
• This is a model for the origin of eukaryotic cells and their viruses. (nih.gov)

ARCHAEA6

• Viruses whose hosts are in the domain ARCHAEA . (nih.gov)
• Virus cuyos huéspedes pertenecen al dominio de ARCHAEA. (bvsalud.org)
• Viruses are the most abundant biological entities with more than 10 31 particles on Earth, most of which are viruses that infect bacteria and archaea (prokaryotes) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
• Viruses of archaea: Structural, functional, environmental and evolutionary genomics. (ictv.global)
• Provirus induction in hyperthermophilic archaea: characterization of Aeropyrum pernix spindle-shaped virus 1 and Aeropyrum pernix ovoid virus 1. (ictv.global)
• In the microbiota analyses, they found alterations in all three domains of life (fungi, archaea, and bacteria), as well as viruses, in relation to the development of colorectal cancer. (who.int)

Spindle-shaped viruses2

• The structure that lets it do that, the scientists realized, likely explains how ancient rod-like viruses gave rise to all the spindle-shaped viruses seen today. (technologynetworks.com)
• Virus-host mutualism has been demonstrated in thermophilic archaeal populations where Sulfolobus spindle-shaped viruses (SSVs) provide a competitive advantage to their host Sulfolobus islandicus by producing a toxin that kills uninfected strains. (nsf.gov)

Hyperthermophilic2

• First insights into the entry process of hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses. (mpg.de)
• Here we show that nonlytic lemon-shaped virus STSV2 interferes with the cell cycle control of its host, hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus, arresting the cell cycle in the S phase. (pasteur.fr)

Genomes3

• RNA viruses are defined by linear RNA genomes encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while viroid-like elements consist of small, single-stranded, circular RNA genomes that, in some cases, encode self-cleaving catalytic RNAs. (nature.com)
• VirFinder had significantly better rates of identifying true viral contigs (true positive rates (TPRs)) than VirSorter, the current state-of-the-art gene-based virus classification tool, when evaluated with either contigs subsampled from complete genomes or assembled from a simulated human gut metagenome. (biomedcentral.com)
• VirFinder furthermore identified several recently sequenced virus genomes (after 1 January 2014) that VirSorter did not and that have no nucleotide similarity to previously sequenced viruses, demonstrating VirFinder's potential advantage in identifying novel viral sequences. (biomedcentral.com)

Halophilic2

• Six novel halophilic archaeal strains of XZYJT10T, XZYJ18T, XZYJT40T, XZYJT49T, YCN54T and LT46T were isolated from a solar saltern in Tibet, a salt lake in Shanxi, and a saline soil in Xinjiang, China. (bvsalud.org)
• Three extremely halophilic archaeal strains (LT55T, SQT-29-1T and WLHS5T) were isolated from Gobi saline soil and a salt lake, China. (bvsalud.org)

Virosphere3

• Archaeal viruses represent one of the most mysterious parts of the global virosphere, with many virus groups sharing no evolutionary relationship to viruses of bacteria or eukaryotes. (pasteur.fr)
• Bipartite network analysis of the archaeal virosphere: evolutionary connections between viruses and capsidless mobile elements. (ictv.global)
• The enigmatic archaeal virosphere. (ictv.global)

Organisms4

• indeed, all organisms on earth, from bacteria to amoeba to plants and animals, are infected by multiple, diverse viruses. (nih.gov)
• Thanks to a powerful new methodology known as metagenomics-simply put, the sequencing of all DNA or RNA from any environment without growing organisms in the lab-we can now explore the diversity of viruses incomparably better than we possibly could even a decade ago. (nih.gov)
• My group has been studying the evolution of viruses for years, and one of the fascinating questions we asked was, if we compare the rapidly expanding diversity of known viruses that infect all kinds of organisms, might it be possible to peer into the distant past and figure out what viruses were infecting our distant ancestors? (nih.gov)
• First, we found that the virome of our ancestor eukaryotes was nearly as complex as that of modern organisms-it seems that as far as viruses are concerned, not much has changed in two billion years. (nih.gov)

Sulfolobus6

• Family of archaeal viruses with a single genus: Sulfolobus SNDV-like Viruses. (umassmed.edu)
• The virus Egelman and his colleagues were studying, Sulfolobus monocaudavirus 1 (SMV1), has a protein shell surrounding the DNA that is spindle- or lemon-shaped. (technologynetworks.com)
• If the CRISPR-Cas system is present, the giant cells acquire virus-derived spacers and terminate the virus spread, whereas in its absence, the cycle continues, suggesting that CRISPR-Cas is the primary defense system in Sulfolobus against STSV2. (pasteur.fr)
• To better understand the evolution of host-virus interactions in microbial populations with active CRISPR-Cas immunity, we studied the interaction between CRISPR-immune Sulfolobus islandicus cells and immune-deficient strains that are infected by the chronic virus SSV9. (nsf.gov)
• We demonstrate that Sulfolobus islandicus cells infected with SSV9, and with other related SSVs, kill uninfected, immune strains through an antagonistic mechanism that is a protein and is independent of infectious virus. (nsf.gov)
• In this work, we describe one such interaction with the acidic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus islandicus and its chronic virus Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 9. (nsf.gov)

Infect bacteria2

• Second, we found that all viruses that infect eukaryotes evolved from those that infect bacteria. (nih.gov)
• At any one time there are roughly five million trillion trillion (10 30 ) living bacteria and 10 31 phages (viruses that infect bacteria) that attack them, killing 40% of them every day [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Genome2

• A new study identified two distinct lineages of monkeypox virus (MPXV) in the United States with evidence of genome editing by host apolipoprotein B editing complex (APOBEC3) cytosine deaminase, which might be accelerating MPXV evolution. (nature.com)
• Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. (lookformedical.com)

Populations3

• The transmission could be facilitated by the absence of immunity of the American populations as the virus comes from Africa but also by the coincidence of high densities of vector mosquitoes and human populations. (pasteur.fr)
• We hypothesize that this infection acts as a form of mutualism between the host and the virus by removing competitors in the population and ensuring continued vertical transmission of the virus within populations with diversified CRISPR-Cas immunity. (nsf.gov)
• Our work expands the view in which this symbiosis between host and virus evolved, describing a killing phenotype which we hypothesize has evolved in part due to the high prevalence and diversity of CRISPR-Cas immunity seen in natural populations. (nsf.gov)

20221

• On March 3, Tessa received the Beijerinck Premie 2022 for her research on archaeal viruses. (quaxlab.org)

Genetic6

• Viral evolution refers to the heritable genetic changes that a virus accumulates during its life time, which can arise from adaptations in response to environmental changes or the immune response of the host. (nature.com)
• Expanding Metagenomics to Capture Viral Diversity Along with highlighting the viruses in a given sample, metagenomics shed light on another key aspect of viruses in the environment - their sheer genetic diversity. (doe.gov)
• Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)
• Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)
• Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES , are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus. (lookformedical.com)
• However, very recently the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology recovered with PCR technology genetic fragments of the 1918 influenza virus (1). (nih.gov)

Institut Pasteur1

• In a study published in March 2016, the same Institut Pasteur International Network teams in collaboration with other partners had demonstrated that Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and Aedes albopictus from America were competent, although weakly, towards the virus. (pasteur.fr)

Protein1

• Soil Virus Offers Insight into Maintaining Microorganisms Through a collaborative effort, researchers have identified a protein in soil viruses that may promote soil health. (doe.gov)

Interactions3

• However, our understanding of virus-host interactions for large portions of viral communities has been limited due to the difficulties of using traditional virus isolation techniques, especially for those that infect uncultivable hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
• Virus-host interactions evolve along a symbiosis continuum from antagonism to mutualism. (nsf.gov)
• We propose that competitive interactions among chronic viruses to promote their host fitness form the basis of virus-host mutualism. (nsf.gov)

Species4

• And that diversity is nothing short of astonishing: a recent estimate my colleagues and I developed using this methodology suggests that there could be as many as a billion distinct virus species on our planet. (nih.gov)
• A minority of them (1415 species, 217 viruses or prions, 538 bacteria, 307 fungi, 66 protozoa, and 287 helminths) are also responsible for causing infectious disease with few having shaped human history and its evolution over time by killing hundreds of millions of people [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
• The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)
• Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)

Evolve3

• Because of their short generation times and large population sizes, viruses can evolve rapidly. (nature.com)
• In these post-COVID-19 days, this message hardly requires much advocacy-we now intimately know that understanding how viruses evolve is crucial to track and eventually predict the course of epidemics, and this work ultimately helps save lives. (nih.gov)
• Under such conditions, theory predicts that to evade extinction, viruses evolve toward decreased virulence and promote vertical transmission and persistence in infected hosts. (nsf.gov)

Eukaryotes1

• However, this was not the case-the viruses that infect eukaryotes apparently came from bacteria ! (nih.gov)

Plant viruses1

• In this Perspective we describe examples of how plant viruses, focusing particularly on cowpea mosaic virus, a naturally occurring pre-formed sphere-like nanoparticle, are being used as templates and/or building blocks in bionanoscience and indicate their potential for future application. (nih.gov)

Fungi2

• Here, the authors identify over 20,000 candidate viroid-like elements, and show that infectious agents of fungi display hybrid features of viroid-like RNAs and RNA viruses. (nature.com)
• They include bacteria - the vast majority - but also viruses, fungi, and unicellular microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)

Hybrids1

• Virus hybrids as nanomaterials for biotechnology. (nih.gov)

Structural1

• Structural insights into a spindle-shaped archaeal virus with a sevenfold symmetrical tail. (bvsalud.org)

Known viruses1

• Such approaches can significantly limit results especially for short contigs that have few predicted proteins or lack proteins with similarity to previously known viruses. (biomedcentral.com)

Hosts5

• VirFinder instead identifies viral sequences based on our empirical observation that viruses and hosts have discernibly different k -mer signatures. (biomedcentral.com)
• How these viruses interact with their hosts remains largely unexplored. (pasteur.fr)
• ABSTRACT Theory, simulation, and experimental evolution demonstrate that diversified CRISPR-Cas immunity to lytic viruses can lead to stochastic virus extinction due to a limited number of susceptible hosts available to each potential new protospacer escape mutation. (nsf.gov)
• Long-term associations between virus and host, such as those in chronic infection, will select for traits that drive the interaction towards mutualism, especially when susceptible hosts are rare in the population. (nsf.gov)
• This suggests that competition between viruses and/or their hosts could maintain toxin diversity. (nsf.gov)

Isolation2

• Isolation and studies of virus-host systems from non-acidic geothermal environments. (ictv.global)
• Isolation of the virus from mosquitoes' saliva (biological proof of their capacity to transmit) were futile 21 days after female took infected blood. (pasteur.fr)

Vast majority1

• While the vast majority of viruses are either rod-like or spherical (such as the coronavirus responsible for COVID-19), scientists have been puzzled by the unusual forms of viruses found in some of the harshest environments on Earth. (technologynetworks.com)

Lemon-shaped2

• From hot volcanic springs where the water is nearly boiling acid, scientists have discovered how lemon-shaped viruses got their form. (technologynetworks.com)
• Scanning electron micrograph of Saccharolobus islandicus cells (light blue) infected with the lemon-shaped virus STSV2 (yellow). (pasteur.fr)

Sequences4

• Search, retrieve and analyze Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequences in NCBI Virus . (nih.gov)
• See all publicly available virus sequences in newly designed interface at NCBI Virus and send us your feedback! (nih.gov)
• A Better Way to Find RNA Virus Needles in the Proverbial Database Haystacks Researchers combed through more than 5,000 data sets of RNA sequences generated from diverse environmental samples around the world, resulting in a five-fold increase of RNA virus diversity. (doe.gov)
• Metagenomic studies using high throughput sequencing technology can now generate massive amounts of short read sequences from prokaryotic cells in microbial communities regardless of cultivability of the cells, and viruses are inevitably captured at the same time in these samples. (biomedcentral.com)

Understand the Evolution1

• Can Studying Viruses Help Us Understand the Evolution of Life? (nih.gov)

Term1

• A general term for diseases produced by viruses. (lookformedical.com)

Substances1

• Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity. (lookformedical.com)

Diversity1

• To do this, we mapped the current diversity of viruses on the evolutionary tree of life, then applied some simple mathematical methods to infer which of them were already present in that distant common ancestor. (nih.gov)

Implications2

• This has implications for not only understanding how certain viruses evolved but potentially can be used for new ways to deliver everything from drugs to vaccines. (technologynetworks.com)
• We explore the implications of this phenotype in population dynamics and host ecology, as well as the implications of mutualism between this virus-host pair. (nsf.gov)

Biological1

• Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response. (lookformedical.com)

Role1

• The joint publication with the Albers and Duggin labs on the role of archaeal MinD in motility is now officially published in Current Biology . (quaxlab.org)

Particles1

• The expelling of virus particles from the body. (lookformedical.com)

Research2

• We are thrilled with the opportunity provided by the ERC starting grant that was awarded for our research on archaeal viruses. (quaxlab.org)
• The lab recently moved to the University of Groningen (RUG) in the Netherlands, where we found an exiting new environment for our research on archaeal viruses at the Groningen Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology Institute. (quaxlab.org)

Cells1

• Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells. (lookformedical.com)

Chronic2

• Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 evolution during chronic infection reveals that in this setting, the virus evolves to bear mutations similar to those seen in variants of concern, and that many of these mutations are associated with antibody evasion. (nature.com)
• However, it has become increasingly clear that viruses with a long host-virus interaction, such as those with a chronic lifestyle, can be important drivers of evolution and have large impacts on host ecology. (nsf.gov)

Study2

• The study of the evolution of viruses is a key task for biomedical researchers. (nih.gov)
• The results of their study published in EuroSurveillance on September 1st, show that Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus, mosquitoes that are very common in human environment, are actually not able to transmit Zika virus. (pasteur.fr)

Work1

• The Hector RCD award was awarded to Tessa and will fund the position of a PhD student to work on archaeal mechanisms to escape viral infection. (quaxlab.org)

Environment1

• An illustration of the shapeshifting volcano virus in its natural environment, nearly boiling pools of acid. (technologynetworks.com)

Question1

• We will try to answer the question how archaeal viruses compete with each other for access to cellular resources. (quaxlab.org)

Primarily2

• Current tools for distinguishing prokaryotic virus and host contigs primarily use gene-based similarity approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
• These mosquitoes are therefore primarily responsible for the transmission of Zika virus. (pasteur.fr)

Found1

• These seven strands of proteins were found in both the body and tail of the virus, and they give the virus a remarkable ability to shapeshift. (technologynetworks.com)