Viruses whose hosts are in the domain ARCHAEA.
A genus of facultatively anaerobic coccoid ARCHAEA, in the family SULFOLOBACEAE. Cells are highly irregular in shape and thermoacidophilic. Lithotrophic growth occurs aerobically via sulfur oxidation in some species. Distribution includes solfataric springs and fields, mudholes, and geothermically heated acidic marine environments.
A genus of aerobic, chemolithotrophic, coccoid ARCHAEA whose organisms are thermoacidophilic. Its cells are highly irregular in shape, often lobed, but occasionally spherical. It has worldwide distribution with organisms isolated from hot acidic soils and water. Sulfur is used as an energy source.
Family of rod-shaped DNA viruses infecting ARCHAEA. They lack viral envelopes or lipids.
A family of lemon-shaped DNA viruses infecting ARCHAEA and containing one genus: Fusellovirus.
Family of enveloped, lipid-containing, filamentous DNA viruses that infect ARCHAEA.
Proteins found in any species of archaeon.
A genus of HALOBACTERIACEAE distinguished from other genera in the family by the presence of specific derivatives of TGD-2 polar lipids. Haloarcula are found in neutral saline environments such as salt lakes, marine salterns, and saline soils.
A genus of HALOBACTERIACEAE which are chemoorganotrophic and strictly aerobic. They have been isolated from multiple hypersaline environments that vary widely in chemical and physical properties.
One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and Eukarya), formerly called Archaebacteria under the taxon Bacteria, but now considered separate and distinct. They are characterized by: (1) the presence of characteristic tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs; (2) the absence of peptidoglycan cell walls; (3) the presence of ether-linked lipids built from branched-chain subunits; and (4) their occurrence in unusual habitats. While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. The domain contains at least four kingdoms: CRENARCHAEOTA; EURYARCHAEOTA; NANOARCHAEOTA; and KORARCHAEOTA.
Ribonucleic acid in archaea having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Viruses whose nucleic acid is DNA.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of archaea.
The functional genetic units of ARCHAEA.
The genetic complement of an archaeal organism (ARCHAEA) as represented in its DNA.
Habitat of hot water naturally heated by underlying geologic processes. Surface hot springs have been used for BALNEOLOGY. Underwater hot springs are called HYDROTHERMAL VENTS.
The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.
The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.
Proteins found in any species of virus.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in archaea.
The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.
Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.
The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.
Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.
The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
A family of anaerobic, coccoid to rod-shaped METHANOBACTERIALES. Cell membranes are composed mainly of polyisoprenoid hydrocarbons ether-linked to glycerol. Its organisms are found in anaerobic habitats throughout nature.
An order of anaerobic methanogens in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA. They are pseudosarcina, coccoid or sheathed rod-shaped and catabolize methyl groups. The cell wall is composed of protein. The order includes one family, METHANOCOCCACEAE. (From Bergey's Manual of Systemic Bacteriology, 1989)
A general term for diseases produced by viruses.
A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.
A kingdom in the domain ARCHAEA comprised of thermoacidophilic, sulfur-dependent organisms. The two orders are SULFOLOBALES and THERMOPROTEALES.
The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.
Viruses parasitic on plants higher than bacteria.
Structures within the nucleus of archaeal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

Viruses from extreme thermal environments. (1/74)

Viruses of extreme thermophiles are of great interest because they serve as model systems for understanding the biochemistry and molecular biology required for life at high temperatures. In this work, we report the discovery, isolation, and preliminary characterization of viruses and virus-like particles from extreme thermal acidic environments (70-92 degrees C, pH 1.0-4.5) found in Yellowstone National Park. Six unique particle morphologies were found in Sulfolobus enrichment cultures. Three of the particle morphologies are similar to viruses previously isolated from Sulfolobus species from Iceland and/or Japan. Sequence analysis of their viral genomes suggests that they are related to the Icelandic and Japanese isolates. In addition, three virus particle morphologies that had not been previously observed from thermal environments were found. These viruses appear to be completely novel in nature.  (+info)

Comparative genomic analysis of hyperthermophilic archaeal Fuselloviridae viruses. (2/74)

The complete genome sequences of two Sulfolobus spindle-shaped viruses (SSVs) from acidic hot springs in Kamchatka (Russia) and Yellowstone National Park (United States) have been determined. These nonlytic temperate viruses were isolated from hyperthermophilic Sulfolobus hosts, and both viruses share the spindle-shaped morphology characteristic of the Fuselloviridae family. These two genomes, in combination with the previously determined SSV1 genome from Japan and the SSV2 genome from Iceland, have allowed us to carry out a phylogenetic comparison of these geographically distributed hyperthermal viruses. Each virus contains a circular double-stranded DNA genome of approximately 15 kbp with approximately 34 open reading frames (ORFs). These Fusellovirus ORFs show little or no similarity to genes in the public databases. In contrast, 18 ORFs are common to all four isolates and may represent the minimal gene set defining this viral group. In general, ORFs on one half of the genome are colinear and highly conserved, while ORFs on the other half are not. One shared ORF among all four genomes is an integrase of the tyrosine recombinase family. All four viral genomes integrate into their host tRNA genes. The specific tRNA gene used for integration varies, and one genome integrates into multiple loci. Several unique ORFs are found in the genome of each isolate.  (+info)

Haloviruses HF1 and HF2: evidence for a recent and large recombination event. (3/74)

Haloviruses HF1 and HF2 were isolated from the same saltern pond and are adapted to hypersaline conditions, where they infect a broad range of haloarchaeal species. The HF2 genome has previously been reported. The complete sequence of the HF1 genome has now been determined, mainly by PCR and primer walking. It was 75,898 bp in length and was 94.4% identical to the HF2 genome but about 1.8 kb shorter. A total of 117 open reading frames and five tRNA-like genes were predicted, and their database matches and characteristics were similar to those found in HF2. A comparison of the predicted restriction digest patterns based on nucleotide sequence with the observed restriction digest patterns of viral DNA showed that, unlike the case for HF2, some packaged HF1 DNA had cohesive termini. Except for a single base change, HF1 and HF2 were identical in sequence over the first 48 kb, a region that includes the early and middle genes. The remaining 28 kb of HF1 showed many differences from HF2, and the similarity of the two genomes over this late gene region was 87%. The abrupt shift in sequence similarity around 48 kb suggests a recent recombination event between either HF1 or HF2 and another HF-like halovirus that has swapped most of the right-end 28 kb. This example indicates there is a high level of recombination among viruses that live in this extreme environment.  (+info)

Morphology and genome organization of the virus PSV of the hyperthermophilic archaeal genera Pyrobaculum and Thermoproteus: a novel virus family, the Globuloviridae. (4/74)

A novel virus, termed Pyrobaculum spherical virus (PSV), is described that infects anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaea of the genera Pyrobaculum and Thermoproteus. Spherical enveloped virions, about 100 nm in diameter, contain a major multimeric 33-kDa protein and host-derived lipids. A viral envelope encases a superhelical nucleoprotein core containing linear double-stranded DNA. The PSV infection cycle does not cause lysis of host cells. The viral genome was sequenced and contains 28337 bp. The genome is unique for known archaeal viruses in that none of the genes, including that encoding the major structural protein, show any significant sequence matches to genes in public sequence databases. Exceptionally for an archaeal double-stranded DNA virus, almost all the recognizable genes are located on one DNA strand. The ends of the genome consist of 190-bp inverted repeats that contain multiple copies of short direct repeats. The two DNA strands are probably covalently linked at their termini. On the basis of the unusual morphological and genomic properties of this DNA virus, we propose to assign PSV to a new viral family, the Globuloviridae.  (+info)

SH1: A novel, spherical halovirus isolated from an Australian hypersaline lake. (5/74)

A novel halovirus, SH1, with a spherical morphology is described. Isolated from a hypersaline lake, SH1 is divalent, producing clear plaques on Haloarcula hispanica and a natural Halorubrum isolate. Single-step growth curves gave a latent period of 5-6 h and a burst size of around 200 PFU/cell. The host can differentiate to form tight clusters of thick cell-walled forms, and these were shown to be resistant to infection. Purified virions had no visible tail, were about 70 nm in diameter, and displayed a fragile outer capsid layer, possibly with an underlying membrane component. The structural proteins of the virion were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and several were found to be cross-linked, forming protein complexes. The genome was linear, dsDNA, of approximately 30 kb in length. This morphology and linear genome are features not observed in any other euryarchaeal viruses, but have properties similar to the bacterial virus PRD1.  (+info)

Sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped virus STSV1: virus-host interactions and genomic features. (6/74)

A virus infecting the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus tengchongensis has been isolated from a field sample from Tengchong, China, and characterized. The virus, denoted STSV1 (Sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped virus 1), has the morphology of a spindle (230 by 107 nm) with a tail of variable length (68 nm on average) at one end and is the largest of the known spindle-shaped viruses. After infecting its host, the virus multiplied rapidly to high titers (>10(10) PFU/ml). Replication of the virus retarded host growth but did not cause lysis of the host cells. STSV1 did not integrate into the host chromosome and existed in a carrier state. The STSV1 DNA was modified in an unusual fashion, presumably by virally encoded modification systems. STSV1 harbors a double-stranded DNA genome of 75,294 bp, which shares no significant sequence similarity to those of fuselloviruses. The viral genome contains a total of 74 open reading frames (ORFs), among which 14 have a putative function. Five ORFs encode viral structural proteins, including a putative coat protein of high abundance. The products of the other nine ORFs are probably involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and DNA modification. The viral genome divides into two nearly equal halves of opposite gene orientation. This observation as well as a GC-skew analysis point to the presence of a putative viral origin of replication in the 1.4-kb intergenic region between ORF1 and ORF74. Both morphological and genomic features identify STSV1 as a novel virus infecting the genus Sulfolobus.  (+info)

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the archaeal virus resolvase SIRV2. (7/74)

The Holliday junction (or four-way junction) is the universal DNA intermediate whose interaction with resolving proteins is one of the major events in the recombinational process. These proteins, called DNA junction-resolving enzymes or resolvases, bind to the junction and catalyse DNA cleavage, promoting the release of two DNA duplexes. SIRV2 Hjc, a viral resolvase infecting a thermophylic archaeon, has been cloned, expressed and purified. Crystals have been obtained in space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 147.8, b = 99.9, c = 87.6, beta = 109.46 degrees, and a full data set has been collected at 3.4 A resolution. The self-rotation function indicates the presence of two dimers in the asymmetric unit and a high solvent content (77%). Molecular-replacement trials using known similar resolvase structures have so far been unsuccessful, indicating possible significant structural rearrangements.  (+info)

Characterization of the archaeal thermophile Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus validates an evolutionary link among double-stranded DNA viruses from all domains of life. (8/74)

Icosahedral nontailed double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses are present in all three domains of life, leading to speculation about a common viral ancestor that predates the divergence of Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea. This suggestion is supported by the shared general architecture of this group of viruses and the common fold of their major capsid protein. However, limited information on the diversity and replication of archaeal viruses, in general, has hampered further analysis. Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus (STIV), isolated from a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, was the first icosahedral virus with an archaeal host to be described. Here we present a detailed characterization of the components forming this unusual virus. Using a proteomics-based approach, we identified nine viral and two host proteins from purified STIV particles. Interestingly, one of the viral proteins originates from a reading frame lacking a consensus start site. The major capsid protein (B345) was found to be glycosylated, implying a strong similarity to proteins from other dsDNA viruses. Sequence analysis and structural predication of virion-associated viral proteins suggest that they may have roles in DNA packaging, penton formation, and protein-protein interaction. The presence of an internal lipid layer containing acidic tetraether lipids has also been confirmed. The previously presented structural models in conjunction with the protein, lipid, and carbohydrate information reported here reveal that STIV is strikingly similar to viruses associated with the Bacteria and Eukarya domains of life, further strengthening the hypothesis for a common ancestor of this group of dsDNA viruses from all domains of life.  (+info)

1. Common cold: A viral infection that affects the upper respiratory tract and causes symptoms such as sneezing, running nose, coughing, and mild fever.
2. Influenza (flu): A viral infection that can cause severe respiratory illness, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinus and ear infections.
3. Measles: A highly contagious viral infection that causes fever, rashes, coughing, and redness of the eyes.
4. Rubella (German measles): A mild viral infection that can cause fever, rashes, headache, and swollen lymph nodes.
5. Chickenpox: A highly contagious viral infection that causes fever, itching, and a characteristic rash of small blisters on the skin.
6. Herpes simplex virus (HSV): A viral infection that can cause genital herpes, cold sores, or other skin lesions.
7. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): A viral infection that attacks the immune system and can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
8. Hepatitis B: A viral infection that affects the liver, causing inflammation and damage to liver cells.
9. Hepatitis C: Another viral infection that affects the liver, often leading to chronic liver disease and liver cancer.
10. Ebola: A deadly viral infection that causes fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and internal bleeding.
11. SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome): A viral infection that can cause severe respiratory illness, including pneumonia and respiratory failure.
12. West Nile virus: A viral infection that can cause fever, headache, and muscle pain, as well as more severe symptoms such as meningitis or encephalitis.

Viral infections can be spread through contact with an infected person or contaminated surfaces, objects, or insects such as mosquitoes. Prevention strategies include:

1. Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and thoroughly.
2. Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.
3. Covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
4. Avoiding sharing personal items such as towels or utensils.
5. Using condoms or other barrier methods during sexual activity.
6. Getting vaccinated against certain viral infections, such as HPV and hepatitis B.
7. Using insect repellents to prevent mosquito bites.
8. Screening blood products and organs for certain viruses before transfusion or transplantation.

Treatment for viral infections depends on the specific virus and the severity of the illness. Antiviral medications may be used to reduce the replication of the virus and alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide supportive care such as intravenous fluids, oxygen therapy, or mechanical ventilation.

Prevention is key in avoiding viral infections, so taking the necessary precautions and practicing good hygiene can go a long way in protecting oneself and others from these common and potentially debilitating illnesses.

... archael virus, archeal virus, archae virus, archaeon virus, and archaeon virus. It is common for "archaeal virus" to be ... Within a few years, the term "archaebacterial virus" began to be replaced by "archaeal virus". Since 1990, "archaeal virus" has ... archaeal viruses began to be referred to as viruses, not phages. The trend from "phage" to "virus" when describing archaeal ... Many of these archaeal virus families are unassigned to higher taxa. The highest rank in virus taxonomy is realm, and archaeal ...
Two groups of viruses are related to archaeal and bacterial viruses of the class Caudoviricetes, i.e., viruses with icosahedral ... and the third group of viruses is related to archaea-specific viruses with lemon-shaped virus particles. The viruses have been ... Medvedeva S, Sun J, Yutin N, Koonin EV, Nunoura T, Rinke C, Krupovic M (July 2022). "Three families of Asgard archaeal viruses ... Alarcón-Schumacher T, Erdmann S (July 2022). "A trove of Asgard archaeal viruses". Nature Microbiology. 7 (7): 931-932. doi: ...
"The wonderful world of archaeal viruses". Annu Rev Microbiol 67: 565-585. 13 Prangishvili D (2015) "Archaeal viruses: living ... "Diversity of viruses of the hyperthermophilic archaeal genus Aeropyrum, and isolation of the Aeropyrum pernix bacilliform virus ... 6. Mochizuki T, Krupovic M, Pehau-Arnaudet G, Sako Y, Forterre P, and Prangishvili D (2012). "Archaeal virus with exceptional ... Peng, Xu; Garrett, Roger A.; She, QunXin (2012). "Archaeal viruses-novel, diverse and enigmatic". Science China Life Sciences. ...
"Structural and functional studies of archaeal viruses". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (19): 12599-603. doi:10.1074/jbc. ... It is estimated viruses kill 20% of the microorganism biomass each day and that there are 15 times as many viruses in the ... Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas ... A marine virus is more likely to infect cooccurring organisms, those that live in the same region the virus lives in. Therefore ...
"Structural and functional studies of archaeal viruses". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (19): 12599-603. doi:10.1074/ ... More than 6,000 virus species have been described in detail. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the ... Viruses are submicroscopic infectious agents that replicate inside the cells of organisms. Viruses infect all types of life ... "Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archived from the original ...
... ranging from spindle-shaped structures to viruses that resemble hooked rods, teardrops or even bottles. Other archaeal viruses ... A virus has either a DNA or an RNA genome and is called a DNA virus or an RNA virus, respectively. The vast majority of viruses ... Other viruses, such as rabies virus, can infect different species of mammals and are said to have a broad range. The viruses ... Quote: "Virus: virus (s.n. II), gen. sing. viri, nom. pl. vira, gen. pl. vīrorum (to be distinguished from virorum, of men)." ...
2009). "Structural and functional studies of archaeal viruses". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (19): 12599-603. doi: ... Breitbart, M.; Rohwer, F. (2005). "Here a virus, there a virus, everywhere the same virus?". Trends in Microbiology. 13 (6): ... The microorganisms and viruses that can reproduce and complete their life cycle within the host are known as microparasites. ... They can be either RNA or DNA viruses consisting of a single or double strand of genetic material (RNA or DNA, respectively), ...
PMID 20164227.. Rice, G. (2004). "The structure of a thermophilic archaeal virus shows a double-stranded DNA viral capsid type ... Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus 1 (formerly Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus) is a species of virus that infects the ... The genome has a G+C content of 36%.[citation needed] Unlike other viruses that either lyse or bud from their hosts this virus ... Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Accessed on line Nov. 25, 2015. Happonen, L. J.; ...
The major capsid protein structure and virion organization of bicaudaviruses are similar to those of archaeal viruses from the ... Bicaudaviridae is a family of hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses. Members of the genus Acidianus serve as natural hosts. There ... "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021. Wang, ... The genus contains one genus, which contains one species: Bicaudavirus Acidianus two-tailed virus Viruses in Bicaudaviridae are ...
... is a family of hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses. Crenarchaea of the genera Pyrobaculum and Thermoproteus serve ... "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021. Häring ... "Morphology and genome organization of the virus PSV of the hyperthermophilic archaeal genera Pyrobaculum and Thermoproteus: a ... Prangishvili, D; Krupovic, M; ICTV Report Consortium (2018). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Globuloviridae". The Journal of ...
Quemin ER, Quax TE (5 June 2015). "Archaeal viruses at the cell envelope: entry and egress". Frontiers in Microbiology. 6: 552 ... Cell-wall-containing Archaea are also lysed by specialized pseudomurein-cleaving lysins, while most archaeal viruses employ ... In order to solve such a problem, phage viruses synthesize another protein called holin which binds to the cell membrane and ... Visweswaran GR, Dijkstra BW, Kok J (November 2010). "Two major archaeal pseudomurein endoisopeptidases: PeiW and PeiP". Archaea ...
"Targeted diversity generation by intraterrestrial archaea and archaeal viruses". Nature Communications. 6 (1): 6585. Bibcode: ... Archaean viruses (e.g. ANMV-1), temperate phages (e.g. Hankyphage and CrAss-like phage), and lytic phages. DGRs benefit their ... Viruses. 12 (5): 573. doi:10.3390/v12050573. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 7290462. PMID 32456083. Hedzet, Stina; Accetto, Tomaž; Rupnik ...
"Evolutionary genomics of archaeal viruses: Unique viral genomes in the third domain of life". Virus Research. 117 (1): 52-67. ... Icerudivirus is a genus of viruses in the family Rudiviridae. These viruses are non-enveloped, stiff-rod-shaped viruses with ... "A Novel Virus Family, the Rudiviridae: Structure, Virus-Host Interactions and Genome Variability of the Sulfolobus Viruses ... SIRV2 is a lytic virus that kills the host cell as a consequence of elaborated mechanisms orchestrated by the virus. Massive ...
... , also referred to as SIRV2, is an archaeal virus whose only known host is the archaeon ... This virus belongs to the family Rudiviridae. Like other viruses in the family, it is common in geothermal environments. SIRV2 ... "First insights into the entry process of hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses". Journal of Virology. 87 (24): 13379-85. doi: ... virus-host interactions and genome variability of the sulfolobus viruses SIRV1 and SIRV2". Genetics. 152 (4): 1387-96. doi: ...
Not only eukaryotic viruses integrate into the genomes of their hosts; many bacterial and archaeal viruses also employ this ... Krupovic M, Prangishvili D, Hendrix RW, Bamford DH (2011). "Genomics of bacterial and archaeal viruses: dynamics within the ... A provirus is a virus genome that is integrated into the DNA of a host cell. In the case of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages ... A provirus not only refers to a retrovirus but is also used to describe other viruses that can integrate into the host ...
Krupovic M, Prangishvili D, Hendrix RW, Bamford DH (December 2011). "Genomics of bacterial and archaeal viruses: dynamics ... Phagemid Polyphage RNA viruses Transduction Viriome Virophage, viruses that infect other viruses Padilla-Sanchez V (2021). " ... August 2017). "Virus found in a boreal lake links ssDNA and dsDNA viruses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of ... a virus parasitic on bacteria." D'Hérelle called the virus a bacteriophage, a bacteria-eater (from the Greek phagein, meaning " ...
Krupovic M, Prangishvili D, Hendrix RW, Bamford DH (2011). "Genomics of bacterial and archaeal viruses: dynamics within the ... The cell may fill with new viruses until it lyses or bursts, or it may release the new viruses one at a time in an exocytotic ... A virus following a lytic cycle is called a virulent virus. Prophages are important agents of horizontal gene transfer, and are ... This mechanism eventually will lead to the release of the virus as the host cell splits open and the viral DNA is able to ...
Archaeal-specific viruses target only archaean species and currently include 12 families. Numerous unique, previously ... Mochizuki T, Krupovic M, Pehau-Arnaudet G, Sako Y, Forterre P, Prangishvili D (August 2012). "Archaeal virus with exceptional ... Pietilä MK, Demina TA, Atanasova NS, Oksanen HM, Bamford DH (June 2014). "Archaeal viruses and bacteriophages: comparisons and ... Notably, the latter virus has the largest currently reported ssDNA genome. Defenses against these viruses may involve RNA ...
"Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses of Himalayan Hot Springs at Manikaran Modulate Host Genomes". Frontiers in Microbiology. 9: 3095 ...
"Structure of a filamentous virus uncovers familial ties within the archaeal virosphere". Virus Evolution. 6 (1): veaa023. doi: ... virus 3 Acidianus filamentous virus 6 Acidianus filamentous virus 7 Acidianus filamentous virus 8 Acidianus filamentous virus 9 ... Liu, Y; Brandt, D; Ishino, S; Ishino, Y; Koonin, EV; Kalinowski, J; Krupovic, M; Prangishvili, D (2019). "New archaeal viruses ... "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021. Arnold ...
"Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: update from the ICTV bacterial and archaeal viruses subcommittee". Archives of Virology. 161 ( ... The virus starts by breaking down all E. coli genetic material. This is known as the lytic cycle. The virus can now occupy the ... Enterobacter virus CC31 is a dsDNA virus lacking an RNA intermediate. The dsDNA is contained within an icosahedral capsid of ... Escherichia virus CC31, formerly known as Enterobacter virus CC31, is a dsDNA bacteriophage of the subfamily Tevenvirinae ...
... existing bacterial virus and 2 archaeal virus species" (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 29 ... "Virus taxonomy: sixth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses" (PDF). Archives of Virology. 10: 350-4. ... Double-stranded RNA viruses Murphy FA, Fauquet CM, Bishop DH, Ghabrial SA, Jarvis AW, Martelli GP, Mayo MA, Summers MD (1995 ... Φ6 has been studied as a model to understand how segmented RNA viruses package their genomes, its structure has been studied by ...
... existing bacterial virus and 2 archaeal virus species" (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved ... Escherichia virus T5, sometimes called Bacteriophage T5 is a caudal virus within the family Demerecviridae. This bacteriophage ...
... (SIFV) is an archaeal virus, classified in the family Lipothrixviridae within the order ... Archaeal viruses, Ligamenvirales, All stub articles, Virus stubs). ... "A filamentous archaeal virus is enveloped inside the cell and released through pyramidal portals". Proceedings of the National ... Unlike in the case of some other archaeal viruses (e.g., rudiviruses and turriviruses), the SIFV VAPs have a hexagonal base (i. ...
Krupovic, M; Forterre, P; Bamford, DH (2010). "Comparative analysis of the mosaic genomes of tailed archaeal viruses and ... Different GTA types have originated independently from viruses in several bacterial and archaeal lineages. These cells produce ... Gene transfer agents (GTAs) are DNA-containing virus-like particles that are produced by some bacteria and archaea and mediate ... Virus Evolution. 3 (2): vex036. doi:10.1093/ve/vex036. PMC 5721377. PMID 29250433. Tamarit D, Neuvonen MM, Engel P, Guy L, ...
Li, Sen; Yang, Jie (21 August 2014). "System analysis of synonymous codon usage biases in archaeal virus genomes". Journal of ...
"Diversity of viruses of the hyperthermophilic archaeal genus Aeropyrum, and isolation of the Aeropyrum pernix bacilliform virus ... Double-stranded DNA viruses, Virus families, All stub articles, Virus stubs). ... "Unique architecture of thermophilic archaeal virus APBV1 and its genome packaging". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 1436. Bibcode ... Clavaviridae is a family of double-stranded viruses that infect archaea. This family was first described by the team led by D. ...
Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2018-2019 update from the ICTV Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee. In: Archives of ... The experiment involved radioactively labeling either protein or nucleic acid of the bacteriophage T2 (a virus that infects ...
Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Archaeal viruses, ... Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 1 (SIRV1) is a virus in the order Ligamenvirales. Its only known host is the Archaean ... "Differentiation and Structure in Sulfolobus islandicus Rod-Shaped Virus Populations". Viruses. 9 (5): 120. doi:10.3390/v9050120 ... "Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 1". GenomeNet. GenomeNet. Retrieved January 7, 2019. Bautista, Maria A.; Black, Jesse A ...
"Multiple origins of prokaryotic and eukaryotic single-stranded DNA viruses from bacterial and archaeal plasmids". Nature ... species Escherichia virus If1 If1 phage genus Lineavirus species Salmonella virus IKe IKe phage genus Primolicivirus) species ... of ICTV's species Pseudomonas virus Pf1 of genus Primolicivirus), and perhaps also Pf3 (of ICTV's species Pseudomonas virus Pf3 ... The virus exits the host cell by viral extrusion. Viral assembly occurs at the inner membrane (in case of Gram-negative ...
The viruses cannot survive in the extremely acidic and hot conditions that Sulfolobus lives in, and so the viruses use ... Sediments from ~90m below the seafloor on the Peruvian continental margin are dominated by intact archaeal tetraethers, and a ... The viruses infecting archaea like Sulfolobus have to use a strategy to escape prolonged direct exposure to the type of ... The Sulfolobus viruses are temperate or permanent lysogens. Permanent lysogens differ from lysogenic bacteriophages in that the ...
MicroRNAs also play a role in replicating viruses such as HIV-1. Novel HIV-1-encoded microRNA have been found to enhance the ... which is now known to be the sequence that interacts with the homologue of the archaeal TATA-binding protein (TBP). Also, even ... could also be targeted by viruses as a means of viral transcription. The TATA box was the first eukaryotic core promoter motif ... there are others that have detected notable differences between archaeal and eukaryotic TBP. The archaea protein exhibits a ...
This is thought to be due to similarity TFIIB has to cyclin A. In order to undergo replication, viruses often stop host cells ... It is encoded by the TFIIB gene, and is homologous to archaeal transcription factor B and analogous to bacterial sigma factors ... However, it has been shown that TFIIB is vital to the in vitro transcription and regulation of the herpes simplex virus. ... Burton SP, Burton ZF (2014). "The σ enigma: bacterial σ factors, archaeal TFB and eukaryotic TFIIB are homologs". Transcription ...
On the other hand, viruses must block or redirect host cell processes including immunity to effectively replicate, yet many ... Maupin-Furlow JA (2013). "Archaeal proteasomes and sampylation". Sub-Cellular Biochemistry. 66: 297-327. doi:10.1007/978-94-007 ... Aviel S, Winberg G, Massucci M, Ciechanover A (August 2000). "Degradation of the epstein-barr virus latent membrane protein 1 ( ... Ikeda M, Ikeda A, Longnecker R (August 2002). "Lysine-independent ubiquitylation of Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A". Virology. 300 (1 ...
Virus genomes (either DNA or RNA) are extremely tightly packed into the viral capsid. Many viruses are therefore little more ... Seitz EM, Brockman JP, Sandler SJ, Clark AJ, Kowalczykowski SC (1998). "RadA protein is an archaeal RecA protein homolog that ... Baudin, F; Bach, C; Cusack, S; Ruigrok, R W (1994-07-01). "Structure of influenza virus RNP. I. Influenza virus nucleoprotein ... Some viruses are simple ribonucleoproteins, containing only one molecule of RNA and a number of identical protein molecules. ...
Schleper's early research on Sulfolobus was the first research to indicate the presence of a virus in a thermophilic Archaea. ... "Proteomics and comparative genomics of Nitrososphaera viennensis reveal the core genome and adaptations of archaeal ammonia ... "The particle SSV1 from the extremely thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus is a virus: demonstration of infectivity and of ...
Ihara K, Umemura T, Katagiri I, Kitajima-Ihara T, Sugiyama Y, Kimura Y, Mukohata Y (January 1999). "Evolution of the archaeal ... which takes place via a mechanism that uses vesicle-enclosed virus-like particles. Halorubrum sodomense was first identified in ... archaeal, and eukaryal diversity in the intestines of Korean people". Journal of Microbiology. 46 (5): 491-501. doi:10.1007/ ...
Some DNA viruses encode a recombinase that facilitates homologous recombination. A well-studied example is the UvsX recombinase ... Seitz EM, Brockman JP, Sandler SJ, Clark AJ, Kowalczykowski SC (1998). "RadA protein is an archaeal RecA protein homolog that ... Eukaryotic Rad51 and its related family members are homologous to the archaeal RadA and bacterial RecA recombinases. Rad51 is ... Such recombinases have been described in archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes and viruses. The archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus RadA ...
"Temperate membrane-containing halophilic archaeal virus SNJ1 has a circular dsDNA genome identical to that of plasmid pHH205". ... The temperate haloarchaeal virus SNJ1 displays lytic and lysogenic life cycles. During the lysogenic cycle, the virus resides ... "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021. Zhang ... The virus is released by lysis of the infected cells. Pawlowski A, Rissanen I, Bamford JK, Krupovic M, Jalasvuori M (2014). " ...
In 2011, a team detected more than 33,000 bacterial and archaeal species on sugar beet roots. The composition of the rhizobiome ... A 2007 study showed that a complex symbiosis with fungi and viruses makes it possible for a grass called Dichanthelium ... Bacteria and Archaea, the smallest organisms in soil apart from viruses, are prokaryotic. They are the most abundant ...
... herpes simplex virus protein vmw65 MeSH D12.776.964.970.600.550 - capsid proteins MeSH D12.776.964.970.600.850 - viral core ... archaeal MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.125 - antibodies, bacterial MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.125.288 - antistreptolysin MeSH ... influenza virus MeSH D12.776.964.970.880.350 - hn protein MeSH D12.776.964.970.880.910 - viral fusion proteins MeSH D12.776. ...
Other aspects of archaeal biochemistry are unique, such as their reliance on ether lipids in their cell membranes, such as ... Most marine viruses are bacteriophages, which are harmless to plants and animals, but are essential to the regulation of ... Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains of life, Bacteria and Eukaryota. The Archaea ... The archaeal-like rhodopsins have subsequently been found among different taxa, protists as well as in bacteria and archaea, ...
The first virus to have its complete genome sequenced was the Bacteriophage MS2 by 1976. In 1992, yeast chromosome III was the ... The first bacterial and archaeal genomes, including that of H. influenzae, were sequenced by Shotgun sequencing. In 1996 the ... functional variant SNP annotation List of sequenced algae genomes List of sequenced animal genomes List of sequenced archaeal ...
Acidianus filamentous virus 1 coat proteins display a helical fold spanning the filamentous archaeal viruses lineage. PNAS 106 ... "Structure of a filamentous virus uncovers familial ties within the archaeal virosphere". Virus Evolution. 6 (1): veaa023. doi: ... Members of the Ligamenvirales are structurally related to archaeal viruses of the family Tristromaviridae which, similar to ... Viruses from the two families share up to ten genes. The major difference between the two families is that members of the ...
They are rare in viruses and bacteria, somewhat more common in archaea, and quite common in eukaryotes. Many of the eukaryotic ... Examination of the genome of Lokiarchaeum, thought to be among the closest archaeal relatives to eukaryotes, did not reveal any ... Klinger, Christen M.; Spang, Anja; Dacks, Joel B.; Ettema, Thijs J.G. (June 2016). "Tracing the Archaeal Origins of Eukaryotic ...
DOM, POM and the viral shunt Viruses Viruses are the "most abundant biological entities on the planet", particularly in the ... These polar environments contain a diverse range of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic microbial communities that, along with ... Cafeteria roenbergensis is also infected by a second virus, the Mavirus virophage, which is a satellite virus, meaning it is ... Yau, Sheree; Seth-Pasricha, Mansha (2019). "Viruses of Polar Aquatic Environments". Viruses. 11 (2): 189. doi:10.3390/v11020189 ...
Archaeal viruses, Virus families). ... virus Betaguttavirus Aeropyrum pernix ovoid virus 1 Viruses in ... Characterization of Aeropyrum pernix spindle-shaped virus 1 and Aeropyrum pernix ovoid virus 1. J Bacteriol 193(19):5412-5419 ... Guttaviridae is a family of viruses. Archaea serve as natural hosts. There are two genera in this family, containing one ... Prangishvili, D; Mochizuki, T; Krupovic, M; ICTV Report Consortium (8 February 2018). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: ...
For example, one study of orphan genes across 119 archaeal and bacterial genomes could identify that at least 56% were recently ... acquired from integrative elements (or mobile genetic elements) from non-cellular sources such as viruses and plasmids that ... "A hidden reservoir of integrative elements is the major source of recently acquired foreign genes and ORFans in archaeal and ...
MERS coronavirus or Zika virus. New viruses, processing pipelines, tools and other features are included regularly. RefSeq ... analysis Sequence profiling tool Sequence motif UniProt List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes List of sequenced archaeal genomes ... Virus Variation (ViV): It is an specific resource of sequence data processing pipelines and analysis tools for display and ... January 2017). "Virus Variation Resource - improved response to emergent viral outbreaks". Nucleic Acids Research. 45 (D1): ...
Some viruses also encode special DNA polymerases, such as Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase. These may selectively replicate ... Sauguet L, Raia P, Henneke G, Delarue M (2016). "Shared active site architecture between archaeal PolD and multi-subunit RNA ... Some viruses (including Φ29 DNA polymerase) and mitochondrial plasmids carry polB as well. DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is the ... Each HIV retrovirus particle contains two RNA genomes, but, after an infection, each virus generates only one provirus. After ...
For example, a metagenomic pipeline called Giant Virus Finder showed the first evidence of existence of giant viruses in a ... of the bacterial and archaeal species in a sample. Much of the interest in metagenomics comes from these discoveries that ... Kerepesi C, Grolmusz V (June 2017). "The "Giant Virus Finder" discovers an abundance of giant viruses in the Antarctic dry ... Paez-Espino D, Pavlopoulos GA, Ivanova NN, Kyrpides NC (August 2017). "Nontargeted virus sequence discovery pipeline and virus ...
The viruses that are present could kill cells and there may be grazing by eukaryotes, but there is no evidence of that. It is ... The Deep Sea Archaeal Group (DSAG) became the Marine Benthic Group B (MBG-B) and is now a proposed phylum "Lokiarchaeota". ... Viruses are also present in large numbers and infect a diverse range of microbes in the deep biosphere. They may contribute ... Viruses in the Inoviridae, Siphoviridae, and Lipothrixviridae families have been identified. Ocean crust forms at mid-ocean ...
"The single-stranded DNA genome of novel archaeal virus Halorubrum pleomorphic virus 1 is enclosed in the envelope decorated ... Haloarcula hispanica pleomorphic virus 1 (HHPV1) is a double stranded DNA virus that infects the halophilic archaeon Haloarcula ... and genome organisation of this virus suggests that it related to the single stranded DNA virus Halorubrum pleomorphic virus 1 ... The similarity between these double stranded DNA elements and the single stranded virus Halorubrum pleomorphic virus 1 is ...
There is limited archaeal diversity, however, as only 12 phylotypes have been detected in the area. All others have been ... Due to the large amount of microbial biomass, vent fields have become a hotspot for viruses. Researchers found that high flow ... Ortmann, Alice C.; Suttle, Curtis A. (2005-08-01). "High abundances of viruses in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system indicates ...
Bioaerosols may consist of bacteria, fungi (and spores and cell fragments of fungi), viruses, microbial toxins, pollen, plant ... was used to conduct comprehensive identification of both bacterial and archaeal organisms in bioaerosols. New U.S. EPA methods ... Relative humidity also affects the infectivity of airborne viruses. Regarding the characterisation of air ventilation system, ...
Some viruses require access to proteins inside the nucleus in order to replicate and/or assemble. DNA viruses, such as ... may have served to protect the genome from damaging reactive oxygen species produced by the protomitochondria.The archaeal ... The suggestion is based on similarities between eukaryotes and viruses such as linear DNA strands, mRNA capping, and tight ... Bell PJ (September 2001). "Viral eukaryogenesis: was the ancestor of the nucleus a complex DNA virus?". Comment. Journal of ...
Anti-CRISPR proteins encoded by archaeal lytic viruses inhibit subtype I-D immunity. Nat Microbiol 3, 461-469 (2018). ...
First insights into the entry process of hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses. Journal of Virology 87 (24), S. 13379 - 13385 ( ...
2018). Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2017 update from the ICTV bacterial and archaeal viruses subcommittee. Arch. Virol. 163 ... Bacteriophages (phage, φ) are viruses specific to bacteria. These viruses have been playing an important role in plant disease ... In the gene cluster of the tail-spike protein of Escherichia virus CBA120 (taxid: 1987159), the TSP1 gene (orf213) and TSP3 ... identified peaks to the predicted protein sequence library of the custom EspM4VN gene including 219 ORFs or the NCBInr virus ...
The Structure of a Double C2H2 Zinc Finger Protein from a Hyperthermophilic Archaeal Virus in the Absence of DNA. ... Solution structure of the zinc finger AFV1p06 protein from the hyperthermophilic archaeal virus AFV1. ... CO-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN YY1 ZINC FINGER DOMAIN BOUND TO THE ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUS P5 INITIATOR ELEMENT. ... Atomic CryoEM Structure of a Nonenveloped Virus Suggests How Membrane Penetration Protein is Primed for Cell Entry. ...
... archaeal and bacterial viruses, whether the research involves the use of clinical, ecological, biological, or biochemical ... including smallpox virus and vaccinia virus (smallpox vaccine). The event happens every two years and typically draws many of ... and viruses to gain comprehensive guidance with up-to-date examples in the use of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology ... as well as progress made in technology to improve the yield of vaccine viruses. ASV is also an important meeting to aid in ...
Family of archaeal viruses with a single genus: Sulfolobus SNDV-like Viruses. ...
The structure of a virus found in hot volcanic springs has helped reveal how the protein shell that surrounds viral DNA alters ... Spindle-shaped archaeal viruses evolved from rod-shaped ancestors to package a larger genome. Cell. 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.cell. ... One Tough Virus. The virus Egelman and his colleagues were studying, Sulfolobus monocaudavirus 1 (SMV1), has a protein shell ... "It is thus crucial that we understand more about how viruses have evolved. But we can also learn from viruses, and create new ...
ERC grant to study archaeal viruses. We are thrilled with the opportunity provided by the ERC starting grant that was awarded ... for our research on archaeal viruses. We will try to answer the question how archaeal viruses compete with each other for ... On March 3, Tessa received the Beijerinck Premie 2022 for her research on archaeal viruses. The Beijerinck Premie is awarded ... And a review paper on how viruses use filamentous surface structures of bacteria and archaea was published in Viruses ...
Archaeal Virus. Virus, Archaeal. Viruses, Archaeal. Tree number(s):. B04.100. RDF Unique Identifier:. https://id.nlm.nih.gov/ ... Archaeal Viruses - Preferred Concept UI. M0366912. Scope note. Viruses whose hosts are in the domain ARCHAEA. ...
Adnaviria: a New Realm for Archaeal Filamentous Viruses with Linear A-Form Double-Stranded DNA Genomes. Krupovic, Mart; Kuhn, ... Virus taxonomy and the role of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Siddell, Stuart G; Smith, Donald B; ... Recent changes to virus taxonomy ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2022). Walker, Peter J; ... Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023). Zerbini ...
We have developed VirFinder, the first k-mer frequency based, machine learning method for virus contig identification that ... VirFinder instead identifies viral sequences based on our empirical observation that viruses and hosts have discernibly ... VirFinder furthermore identified several recently sequenced virus genomes (after 1 January 2014) that VirSorter did not and ... the current state-of-the-art gene-based virus classification tool, when evaluated with either contigs subsampled from complete ...
Studies on bacteriophage replication provide implications for the more complicated replication systems in bacteria, archaeal, ... and eukaryotic systems, as well as the RNA genome replication in RNA viruses. ...
A closed Candidatus Odinarchaeum genome exposes Asgard archaeal viruses. Daniel Tamarit, Eva F. Caceres, Mart Krupovic, ... Bacterial and archaeal symbioses with protists. Filip Husnik, Daria Tashyreva, Vittorio Boscaro, Emma E. George, Julius Lukeš, ...
NCBI BLAST name: viruses. Rank: no rank. Genetic code: Translation table 11 (Bacterial, Archaeal and Plant Plastid). Host: ... Viruses; Duplodnaviria; Heunggongvirae; Uroviricota; Caudoviricetes; Lederbergvirus; Lederbergvirus ST64T. Entrez records ... International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Notes:. Groups interested in participating in the LinkOut program should visit ... View and Analyze sequences in NCBI Virus. ICTV homepage. External Information Resources (NCBI LinkOut). LinkOut. Subject. ...
Animal DNA Viruses and Retroviruses. *Animal RNA- and dsRNA. *Animal ssRNA+. *Archaeal ... Virus Res 244, 181-193. [PubMed]. Mochizuki, T. (2012). Isolation and studies of virus-host systems from non-acidic geothermal ... characterization of Aeropyrum pernix spindle-shaped virus 1 and Aeropyrum pernix ovoid virus 1. J Bacteriol 193, 5412-5419. [ ... Arnold, H. P., Ziese, U. & Zillig, W. (2000). SNDV, a novel virus of the extremely thermophilic and acidophilic archaeon ...
... the particular nature of the archaeal virosphere and shed light on questions concerning the origin and evolution of viruses and ... Moreover, the life cycles of these viruses have unusual features, as revealed by the recent discovery of a novel virus egress ... Since their discovery in the early 1980s, viruses that infect the third domain of life, the Archaea, have captivated our ...
Several hypothesis are discussed to explain the extent of the epidemic and the rapidity with which the virus has invaded the ... The transmission could be facilitated by the absence of immunity of the American populations as the virus comes from Africa but ... the Zika virus has spread to over 46 countries in America. ... Shedding light on almost indestructible archaeal pili. * ... towards the virus. These mosquitoes are therefore primarily responsible for the transmission of Zika virus. They should be ...
They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as ... virusPlant VirusesDNA VirusesDefective VirusesMeasles virusAvian Sarcoma VirusesRespiratory Syncytial VirusesInfluenza A Virus ... Mammary Tumor Virus, MouseRNA VirusesOncogenic VirusesVaccinia virusSimian virus 40Influenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeAvian ... HumanChikungunya virusMice, Inbred C3HCowpox virusMosaic VirusesAvian myeloblastosis virusLeukemia Virus, FelineJC VirusCapsid ...
Virus-host mutualism has been demonstrated in thermophilic archaeal populations where Sulfolobus spindle-shaped viruses (SSVs) ... Virus-host interactions evolve along a symbiosis continuum from antagonism to mutualism. Long-term associations between virus ... However, it has become increasingly clear that viruses with a long host-virus interaction, such as those with a chronic ... We propose that molecular synergisms in vector-virus interactions occur in cases where both the virus and vector benefit from ...
unclassified archaeal viruses unclassified bacterial viruses unclassified virophages unclassified viruses Varidnaviria (clade) ...
unclassified archaeal viruses unclassified bacterial viruses unclassified virophages unclassified viruses Varidnaviria (clade) ...
Little, viruses and Legionnaires was download Probability, Geometry and Integrable over the transfer in the species , ... Abstracts because of the Furnari1993Check-list or format of anxiety in archaeal samples( in our site the poor buildings of ... Mediterranean along the shags of shallow Africa and the interoperable viruses) and the patrum to assist rarer volumes without ...
Virus-Derived Protein Shells. Viruses possess a protein coat-the capsid-that wraps around the viral nucleic acid. Virus-derived ... archaeal ferritin [44]), 2E0Z (archaeal encapsulin [45]), 1SHS (heat shock protein [46]), 4V60 (vault [47]), and 1R2M ( ... Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. Packaging of viral nucleic acids. 28. Homomeric. Tobacco mosaic virus shell. Tobacco mosaic ... The cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) is a plant-derived icosahedral virus, consisting of 180 copies of capsid protein ( ...
Specifically, 16 multi-kingdom markers, including 11 bacterial, 4 fungal, and 1 archaeal feature, achieved good performance in ... as well as viruses, in relation to the development of colorectal cancer. ...
Along with highlighting the viruses in a given sample, metagenomics shed light on another key aspect of viruses in the ... A genomic analysis of the archaeal system Ignicoccus hospitalis-Nanoarchaeum equitans. Published in:. Genome Biol 9(11) , R158 ... Soil Virus Offers Insight into Maintaining Microorganisms. Through a collaborative effort, researchers have identified a ... A Better Way to Find RNA Virus Needles in the Proverbial Database Haystacks. Researchers combed through more than 5,000 data ...
The archaeal receptor is optimally activated with wavelengths of light in the orange range of the visible spectrum, between 550 ... Using a gene sequence that is only activated inside of the cone cells and injecting the virus directly into the eye, he was ... Of course, the narrow activation spectrum of the archaeal receptor limits what it will be possible for people to see--there are ... Volker replaced the faulty photoreceptors through gene therapy, engineering a virus to inject a different photoreceptor gene ...
Viruses (2018 Jun 6) 10. Abstract/Full Text. The BvgAS Regulon of Bordetella pertussis.. Moon K, Bonocora RP, Kim DD, Chen Q, ... Transcription regulation at the core: similarities among bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNA polymerases.. Decker KB, ...
Temin, H. and Mizutani, S. (1970) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of Rous sarcoma virus. Nature 226, 1211-3. ... 1999) A read-ahead function in archaeal DNA polymerases detects promutagenic template-strand uracil. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA ... The most characterized RTs used for molecular biology are the retroviral RTs: avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and Moloney ... Tanese, N. and Goff, S.P. (1988) Domain structure of the Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase: Mutational ...
Shah, Riddhi (2014). Functional analysis of Group 2 chaperonins from archaeal species in E. coli. University of Birmingham. Ph. ... Port, Rebecca (2014). Epstein-barr virus induction of the hedgehog signalling pathway imposes a stem cell-like phenotype on ... Bajt, Teja (2014). Project 1: "Towards a prophylactic Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) vaccine to prevent EBV -associated malignancies ... Sejic, Nenad (2014). Epstein-Barr virus and cellular DNA damage response. University of Birmingham. M.Res. ...
  • Our research is focused on the discovery of novel bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic microbes and viruses in environmental sequence data. (doe.gov)
  • Viruses infect and replicate within host cells, and through these infective interactions, they play important roles in controlling bacterial population size, altering host metabolism, and have broader impacts on the functions of microbial communities, such as human gut, soil, and ocean microbiomes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacterial and archaeal symbioses with protists. (isep-protists.com)
  • To address this problem while accounting for some aspects of eukaryotic biochemistry, a different model has been discussed in the literature, one where a bacterium first engulfed an archaeon and the archaeal membrane was thereby lost, and then a second bacterial endosymbiont became the mitochondrion. (nih.gov)
  • Our finding that eukaryotic viruses evolved from bacterial viruses seems to strongly favor this two-symbioses model for the origin of eukaryotic cells. (nih.gov)
  • Specifically, 16 multi-kingdom markers, including 11 bacterial, 4 fungal, and 1 archaeal feature, achieved good performance in diagnosing patients with colorectal cancer. (who.int)
  • While the term virus broadly includes those that infect prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts, throughout we use the term virus (and provirus in the case of integrated viruses), to refer to viruses that infect bacteria or archaea (the focus of this study) rather than the terms phage or bacteriophage, which specifically refer to viruses that infect bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies on bacteriophage replication provide implications for the more complicated replication systems in bacteria, archaeal, and eukaryotic systems, as well as the RNA genome replication in RNA viruses. (nih.gov)
  • My colleagues and I addressed this question by reconstructing a virome (the collection of viruses that infect a given host species) of our two-billion-year-old eukaryotic ancestor. (nih.gov)
  • Considering this, we assumed that eukaryotic viruses would have evolved from viruses of archaea. (nih.gov)
  • This is a model for the origin of eukaryotic cells and their viruses. (nih.gov)
  • Viruses whose hosts are in the domain ARCHAEA . (nih.gov)
  • Virus cuyos huéspedes pertenecen al dominio de ARCHAEA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Viruses are the most abundant biological entities with more than 10 31 particles on Earth, most of which are viruses that infect bacteria and archaea (prokaryotes) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viruses of archaea: Structural, functional, environmental and evolutionary genomics. (ictv.global)
  • Provirus induction in hyperthermophilic archaea: characterization of Aeropyrum pernix spindle-shaped virus 1 and Aeropyrum pernix ovoid virus 1. (ictv.global)
  • In the microbiota analyses, they found alterations in all three domains of life (fungi, archaea, and bacteria), as well as viruses, in relation to the development of colorectal cancer. (who.int)
  • The structure that lets it do that, the scientists realized, likely explains how ancient rod-like viruses gave rise to all the spindle-shaped viruses seen today. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Virus-host mutualism has been demonstrated in thermophilic archaeal populations where Sulfolobus spindle-shaped viruses (SSVs) provide a competitive advantage to their host Sulfolobus islandicus by producing a toxin that kills uninfected strains. (nsf.gov)
  • First insights into the entry process of hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses. (mpg.de)
  • Here we show that nonlytic lemon-shaped virus STSV2 interferes with the cell cycle control of its host, hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus, arresting the cell cycle in the S phase. (pasteur.fr)
  • RNA viruses are defined by linear RNA genomes encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while viroid-like elements consist of small, single-stranded, circular RNA genomes that, in some cases, encode self-cleaving catalytic RNAs. (nature.com)
  • VirFinder had significantly better rates of identifying true viral contigs (true positive rates (TPRs)) than VirSorter, the current state-of-the-art gene-based virus classification tool, when evaluated with either contigs subsampled from complete genomes or assembled from a simulated human gut metagenome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • VirFinder furthermore identified several recently sequenced virus genomes (after 1 January 2014) that VirSorter did not and that have no nucleotide similarity to previously sequenced viruses, demonstrating VirFinder's potential advantage in identifying novel viral sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Six novel halophilic archaeal strains of XZYJT10T, XZYJ18T, XZYJT40T, XZYJT49T, YCN54T and LT46T were isolated from a solar saltern in Tibet, a salt lake in Shanxi, and a saline soil in Xinjiang, China. (bvsalud.org)
  • Three extremely halophilic archaeal strains (LT55T, SQT-29-1T and WLHS5T) were isolated from Gobi saline soil and a salt lake, China. (bvsalud.org)
  • Archaeal viruses represent one of the most mysterious parts of the global virosphere, with many virus groups sharing no evolutionary relationship to viruses of bacteria or eukaryotes. (pasteur.fr)
  • Bipartite network analysis of the archaeal virosphere: evolutionary connections between viruses and capsidless mobile elements. (ictv.global)
  • The enigmatic archaeal virosphere. (ictv.global)
  • indeed, all organisms on earth, from bacteria to amoeba to plants and animals, are infected by multiple, diverse viruses. (nih.gov)
  • Thanks to a powerful new methodology known as metagenomics-simply put, the sequencing of all DNA or RNA from any environment without growing organisms in the lab-we can now explore the diversity of viruses incomparably better than we possibly could even a decade ago. (nih.gov)
  • My group has been studying the evolution of viruses for years, and one of the fascinating questions we asked was, if we compare the rapidly expanding diversity of known viruses that infect all kinds of organisms, might it be possible to peer into the distant past and figure out what viruses were infecting our distant ancestors? (nih.gov)
  • First, we found that the virome of our ancestor eukaryotes was nearly as complex as that of modern organisms-it seems that as far as viruses are concerned, not much has changed in two billion years. (nih.gov)
  • Family of archaeal viruses with a single genus: Sulfolobus SNDV-like Viruses. (umassmed.edu)
  • The virus Egelman and his colleagues were studying, Sulfolobus monocaudavirus 1 (SMV1), has a protein shell surrounding the DNA that is spindle- or lemon-shaped. (technologynetworks.com)
  • If the CRISPR-Cas system is present, the giant cells acquire virus-derived spacers and terminate the virus spread, whereas in its absence, the cycle continues, suggesting that CRISPR-Cas is the primary defense system in Sulfolobus against STSV2. (pasteur.fr)
  • To better understand the evolution of host-virus interactions in microbial populations with active CRISPR-Cas immunity, we studied the interaction between CRISPR-immune Sulfolobus islandicus cells and immune-deficient strains that are infected by the chronic virus SSV9. (nsf.gov)
  • We demonstrate that Sulfolobus islandicus cells infected with SSV9, and with other related SSVs, kill uninfected, immune strains through an antagonistic mechanism that is a protein and is independent of infectious virus. (nsf.gov)
  • In this work, we describe one such interaction with the acidic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus islandicus and its chronic virus Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 9. (nsf.gov)
  • Second, we found that all viruses that infect eukaryotes evolved from those that infect bacteria. (nih.gov)
  • At any one time there are roughly five million trillion trillion (10 30 ) living bacteria and 10 31 phages (viruses that infect bacteria) that attack them, killing 40% of them every day [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A new study identified two distinct lineages of monkeypox virus (MPXV) in the United States with evidence of genome editing by host apolipoprotein B editing complex (APOBEC3) cytosine deaminase, which might be accelerating MPXV evolution. (nature.com)
  • Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. (lookformedical.com)
  • The transmission could be facilitated by the absence of immunity of the American populations as the virus comes from Africa but also by the coincidence of high densities of vector mosquitoes and human populations. (pasteur.fr)
  • We hypothesize that this infection acts as a form of mutualism between the host and the virus by removing competitors in the population and ensuring continued vertical transmission of the virus within populations with diversified CRISPR-Cas immunity. (nsf.gov)
  • Our work expands the view in which this symbiosis between host and virus evolved, describing a killing phenotype which we hypothesize has evolved in part due to the high prevalence and diversity of CRISPR-Cas immunity seen in natural populations. (nsf.gov)
  • On March 3, Tessa received the Beijerinck Premie 2022 for her research on archaeal viruses. (quaxlab.org)
  • Viral evolution refers to the heritable genetic changes that a virus accumulates during its life time, which can arise from adaptations in response to environmental changes or the immune response of the host. (nature.com)
  • Expanding Metagenomics to Capture Viral Diversity Along with highlighting the viruses in a given sample, metagenomics shed light on another key aspect of viruses in the environment - their sheer genetic diversity. (doe.gov)
  • Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES , are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • However, very recently the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology recovered with PCR technology genetic fragments of the 1918 influenza virus (1). (nih.gov)
  • In a study published in March 2016, the same Institut Pasteur International Network teams in collaboration with other partners had demonstrated that Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and Aedes albopictus from America were competent, although weakly, towards the virus. (pasteur.fr)
  • Soil Virus Offers Insight into Maintaining Microorganisms Through a collaborative effort, researchers have identified a protein in soil viruses that may promote soil health. (doe.gov)
  • However, our understanding of virus-host interactions for large portions of viral communities has been limited due to the difficulties of using traditional virus isolation techniques, especially for those that infect uncultivable hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Virus-host interactions evolve along a symbiosis continuum from antagonism to mutualism. (nsf.gov)
  • We propose that competitive interactions among chronic viruses to promote their host fitness form the basis of virus-host mutualism. (nsf.gov)
  • And that diversity is nothing short of astonishing: a recent estimate my colleagues and I developed using this methodology suggests that there could be as many as a billion distinct virus species on our planet. (nih.gov)
  • A minority of them (1415 species, 217 viruses or prions, 538 bacteria, 307 fungi, 66 protozoa, and 287 helminths) are also responsible for causing infectious disease with few having shaped human history and its evolution over time by killing hundreds of millions of people [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • Because of their short generation times and large population sizes, viruses can evolve rapidly. (nature.com)
  • In these post-COVID-19 days, this message hardly requires much advocacy-we now intimately know that understanding how viruses evolve is crucial to track and eventually predict the course of epidemics, and this work ultimately helps save lives. (nih.gov)
  • Under such conditions, theory predicts that to evade extinction, viruses evolve toward decreased virulence and promote vertical transmission and persistence in infected hosts. (nsf.gov)
  • However, this was not the case-the viruses that infect eukaryotes apparently came from bacteria ! (nih.gov)
  • In this Perspective we describe examples of how plant viruses, focusing particularly on cowpea mosaic virus, a naturally occurring pre-formed sphere-like nanoparticle, are being used as templates and/or building blocks in bionanoscience and indicate their potential for future application. (nih.gov)
  • Here, the authors identify over 20,000 candidate viroid-like elements, and show that infectious agents of fungi display hybrid features of viroid-like RNAs and RNA viruses. (nature.com)
  • They include bacteria - the vast majority - but also viruses, fungi, and unicellular microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Virus hybrids as nanomaterials for biotechnology. (nih.gov)
  • Structural insights into a spindle-shaped archaeal virus with a sevenfold symmetrical tail. (bvsalud.org)
  • Such approaches can significantly limit results especially for short contigs that have few predicted proteins or lack proteins with similarity to previously known viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • VirFinder instead identifies viral sequences based on our empirical observation that viruses and hosts have discernibly different k -mer signatures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • How these viruses interact with their hosts remains largely unexplored. (pasteur.fr)
  • ABSTRACT Theory, simulation, and experimental evolution demonstrate that diversified CRISPR-Cas immunity to lytic viruses can lead to stochastic virus extinction due to a limited number of susceptible hosts available to each potential new protospacer escape mutation. (nsf.gov)
  • Long-term associations between virus and host, such as those in chronic infection, will select for traits that drive the interaction towards mutualism, especially when susceptible hosts are rare in the population. (nsf.gov)
  • This suggests that competition between viruses and/or their hosts could maintain toxin diversity. (nsf.gov)
  • Isolation and studies of virus-host systems from non-acidic geothermal environments. (ictv.global)
  • Isolation of the virus from mosquitoes' saliva (biological proof of their capacity to transmit) were futile 21 days after female took infected blood. (pasteur.fr)
  • While the vast majority of viruses are either rod-like or spherical (such as the coronavirus responsible for COVID-19), scientists have been puzzled by the unusual forms of viruses found in some of the harshest environments on Earth. (technologynetworks.com)
  • From hot volcanic springs where the water is nearly boiling acid, scientists have discovered how lemon-shaped viruses got their form. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Scanning electron micrograph of Saccharolobus islandicus cells (light blue) infected with the lemon-shaped virus STSV2 (yellow). (pasteur.fr)
  • Search, retrieve and analyze Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequences in NCBI Virus . (nih.gov)
  • See all publicly available virus sequences in newly designed interface at NCBI Virus and send us your feedback! (nih.gov)
  • A Better Way to Find RNA Virus Needles in the Proverbial Database Haystacks Researchers combed through more than 5,000 data sets of RNA sequences generated from diverse environmental samples around the world, resulting in a five-fold increase of RNA virus diversity. (doe.gov)
  • Metagenomic studies using high throughput sequencing technology can now generate massive amounts of short read sequences from prokaryotic cells in microbial communities regardless of cultivability of the cells, and viruses are inevitably captured at the same time in these samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Can Studying Viruses Help Us Understand the Evolution of Life? (nih.gov)
  • To do this, we mapped the current diversity of viruses on the evolutionary tree of life, then applied some simple mathematical methods to infer which of them were already present in that distant common ancestor. (nih.gov)
  • This has implications for not only understanding how certain viruses evolved but potentially can be used for new ways to deliver everything from drugs to vaccines. (technologynetworks.com)
  • We explore the implications of this phenotype in population dynamics and host ecology, as well as the implications of mutualism between this virus-host pair. (nsf.gov)
  • Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response. (lookformedical.com)
  • The joint publication with the Albers and Duggin labs on the role of archaeal MinD in motility is now officially published in Current Biology . (quaxlab.org)
  • We are thrilled with the opportunity provided by the ERC starting grant that was awarded for our research on archaeal viruses. (quaxlab.org)
  • The lab recently moved to the University of Groningen (RUG) in the Netherlands, where we found an exiting new environment for our research on archaeal viruses at the Groningen Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology Institute. (quaxlab.org)
  • Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 evolution during chronic infection reveals that in this setting, the virus evolves to bear mutations similar to those seen in variants of concern, and that many of these mutations are associated with antibody evasion. (nature.com)
  • However, it has become increasingly clear that viruses with a long host-virus interaction, such as those with a chronic lifestyle, can be important drivers of evolution and have large impacts on host ecology. (nsf.gov)
  • The study of the evolution of viruses is a key task for biomedical researchers. (nih.gov)
  • The results of their study published in EuroSurveillance on September 1st, show that Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus, mosquitoes that are very common in human environment, are actually not able to transmit Zika virus. (pasteur.fr)
  • The Hector RCD award was awarded to Tessa and will fund the position of a PhD student to work on archaeal mechanisms to escape viral infection. (quaxlab.org)
  • An illustration of the shapeshifting volcano virus in its natural environment, nearly boiling pools of acid. (technologynetworks.com)
  • We will try to answer the question how archaeal viruses compete with each other for access to cellular resources. (quaxlab.org)
  • Current tools for distinguishing prokaryotic virus and host contigs primarily use gene-based similarity approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These mosquitoes are therefore primarily responsible for the transmission of Zika virus. (pasteur.fr)
  • These seven strands of proteins were found in both the body and tail of the virus, and they give the virus a remarkable ability to shapeshift. (technologynetworks.com)