Acidianus
Sulfolobus
Fuselloviridae
Haloarcula
Halorubrum
Archaea
RNA, Archaeal
Hot Springs
Virion
Molecular Sequence Data
Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal
Vaccinia virus
Receptors, Virus
Virus Replication
Virus Shedding
Methanobacteriaceae
Methanococcales
Simian virus 40
Crenarchaeota
Virus Assembly
Viruses from extreme thermal environments. (1/74)
Viruses of extreme thermophiles are of great interest because they serve as model systems for understanding the biochemistry and molecular biology required for life at high temperatures. In this work, we report the discovery, isolation, and preliminary characterization of viruses and virus-like particles from extreme thermal acidic environments (70-92 degrees C, pH 1.0-4.5) found in Yellowstone National Park. Six unique particle morphologies were found in Sulfolobus enrichment cultures. Three of the particle morphologies are similar to viruses previously isolated from Sulfolobus species from Iceland and/or Japan. Sequence analysis of their viral genomes suggests that they are related to the Icelandic and Japanese isolates. In addition, three virus particle morphologies that had not been previously observed from thermal environments were found. These viruses appear to be completely novel in nature. (+info)Comparative genomic analysis of hyperthermophilic archaeal Fuselloviridae viruses. (2/74)
The complete genome sequences of two Sulfolobus spindle-shaped viruses (SSVs) from acidic hot springs in Kamchatka (Russia) and Yellowstone National Park (United States) have been determined. These nonlytic temperate viruses were isolated from hyperthermophilic Sulfolobus hosts, and both viruses share the spindle-shaped morphology characteristic of the Fuselloviridae family. These two genomes, in combination with the previously determined SSV1 genome from Japan and the SSV2 genome from Iceland, have allowed us to carry out a phylogenetic comparison of these geographically distributed hyperthermal viruses. Each virus contains a circular double-stranded DNA genome of approximately 15 kbp with approximately 34 open reading frames (ORFs). These Fusellovirus ORFs show little or no similarity to genes in the public databases. In contrast, 18 ORFs are common to all four isolates and may represent the minimal gene set defining this viral group. In general, ORFs on one half of the genome are colinear and highly conserved, while ORFs on the other half are not. One shared ORF among all four genomes is an integrase of the tyrosine recombinase family. All four viral genomes integrate into their host tRNA genes. The specific tRNA gene used for integration varies, and one genome integrates into multiple loci. Several unique ORFs are found in the genome of each isolate. (+info)Haloviruses HF1 and HF2: evidence for a recent and large recombination event. (3/74)
Haloviruses HF1 and HF2 were isolated from the same saltern pond and are adapted to hypersaline conditions, where they infect a broad range of haloarchaeal species. The HF2 genome has previously been reported. The complete sequence of the HF1 genome has now been determined, mainly by PCR and primer walking. It was 75,898 bp in length and was 94.4% identical to the HF2 genome but about 1.8 kb shorter. A total of 117 open reading frames and five tRNA-like genes were predicted, and their database matches and characteristics were similar to those found in HF2. A comparison of the predicted restriction digest patterns based on nucleotide sequence with the observed restriction digest patterns of viral DNA showed that, unlike the case for HF2, some packaged HF1 DNA had cohesive termini. Except for a single base change, HF1 and HF2 were identical in sequence over the first 48 kb, a region that includes the early and middle genes. The remaining 28 kb of HF1 showed many differences from HF2, and the similarity of the two genomes over this late gene region was 87%. The abrupt shift in sequence similarity around 48 kb suggests a recent recombination event between either HF1 or HF2 and another HF-like halovirus that has swapped most of the right-end 28 kb. This example indicates there is a high level of recombination among viruses that live in this extreme environment. (+info)Morphology and genome organization of the virus PSV of the hyperthermophilic archaeal genera Pyrobaculum and Thermoproteus: a novel virus family, the Globuloviridae. (4/74)
A novel virus, termed Pyrobaculum spherical virus (PSV), is described that infects anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaea of the genera Pyrobaculum and Thermoproteus. Spherical enveloped virions, about 100 nm in diameter, contain a major multimeric 33-kDa protein and host-derived lipids. A viral envelope encases a superhelical nucleoprotein core containing linear double-stranded DNA. The PSV infection cycle does not cause lysis of host cells. The viral genome was sequenced and contains 28337 bp. The genome is unique for known archaeal viruses in that none of the genes, including that encoding the major structural protein, show any significant sequence matches to genes in public sequence databases. Exceptionally for an archaeal double-stranded DNA virus, almost all the recognizable genes are located on one DNA strand. The ends of the genome consist of 190-bp inverted repeats that contain multiple copies of short direct repeats. The two DNA strands are probably covalently linked at their termini. On the basis of the unusual morphological and genomic properties of this DNA virus, we propose to assign PSV to a new viral family, the Globuloviridae. (+info)SH1: A novel, spherical halovirus isolated from an Australian hypersaline lake. (5/74)
A novel halovirus, SH1, with a spherical morphology is described. Isolated from a hypersaline lake, SH1 is divalent, producing clear plaques on Haloarcula hispanica and a natural Halorubrum isolate. Single-step growth curves gave a latent period of 5-6 h and a burst size of around 200 PFU/cell. The host can differentiate to form tight clusters of thick cell-walled forms, and these were shown to be resistant to infection. Purified virions had no visible tail, were about 70 nm in diameter, and displayed a fragile outer capsid layer, possibly with an underlying membrane component. The structural proteins of the virion were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and several were found to be cross-linked, forming protein complexes. The genome was linear, dsDNA, of approximately 30 kb in length. This morphology and linear genome are features not observed in any other euryarchaeal viruses, but have properties similar to the bacterial virus PRD1. (+info)Sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped virus STSV1: virus-host interactions and genomic features. (6/74)
A virus infecting the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus tengchongensis has been isolated from a field sample from Tengchong, China, and characterized. The virus, denoted STSV1 (Sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped virus 1), has the morphology of a spindle (230 by 107 nm) with a tail of variable length (68 nm on average) at one end and is the largest of the known spindle-shaped viruses. After infecting its host, the virus multiplied rapidly to high titers (>10(10) PFU/ml). Replication of the virus retarded host growth but did not cause lysis of the host cells. STSV1 did not integrate into the host chromosome and existed in a carrier state. The STSV1 DNA was modified in an unusual fashion, presumably by virally encoded modification systems. STSV1 harbors a double-stranded DNA genome of 75,294 bp, which shares no significant sequence similarity to those of fuselloviruses. The viral genome contains a total of 74 open reading frames (ORFs), among which 14 have a putative function. Five ORFs encode viral structural proteins, including a putative coat protein of high abundance. The products of the other nine ORFs are probably involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and DNA modification. The viral genome divides into two nearly equal halves of opposite gene orientation. This observation as well as a GC-skew analysis point to the presence of a putative viral origin of replication in the 1.4-kb intergenic region between ORF1 and ORF74. Both morphological and genomic features identify STSV1 as a novel virus infecting the genus Sulfolobus. (+info)Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the archaeal virus resolvase SIRV2. (7/74)
The Holliday junction (or four-way junction) is the universal DNA intermediate whose interaction with resolving proteins is one of the major events in the recombinational process. These proteins, called DNA junction-resolving enzymes or resolvases, bind to the junction and catalyse DNA cleavage, promoting the release of two DNA duplexes. SIRV2 Hjc, a viral resolvase infecting a thermophylic archaeon, has been cloned, expressed and purified. Crystals have been obtained in space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 147.8, b = 99.9, c = 87.6, beta = 109.46 degrees, and a full data set has been collected at 3.4 A resolution. The self-rotation function indicates the presence of two dimers in the asymmetric unit and a high solvent content (77%). Molecular-replacement trials using known similar resolvase structures have so far been unsuccessful, indicating possible significant structural rearrangements. (+info)Characterization of the archaeal thermophile Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus validates an evolutionary link among double-stranded DNA viruses from all domains of life. (8/74)
Icosahedral nontailed double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses are present in all three domains of life, leading to speculation about a common viral ancestor that predates the divergence of Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea. This suggestion is supported by the shared general architecture of this group of viruses and the common fold of their major capsid protein. However, limited information on the diversity and replication of archaeal viruses, in general, has hampered further analysis. Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus (STIV), isolated from a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, was the first icosahedral virus with an archaeal host to be described. Here we present a detailed characterization of the components forming this unusual virus. Using a proteomics-based approach, we identified nine viral and two host proteins from purified STIV particles. Interestingly, one of the viral proteins originates from a reading frame lacking a consensus start site. The major capsid protein (B345) was found to be glycosylated, implying a strong similarity to proteins from other dsDNA viruses. Sequence analysis and structural predication of virion-associated viral proteins suggest that they may have roles in DNA packaging, penton formation, and protein-protein interaction. The presence of an internal lipid layer containing acidic tetraether lipids has also been confirmed. The previously presented structural models in conjunction with the protein, lipid, and carbohydrate information reported here reveal that STIV is strikingly similar to viruses associated with the Bacteria and Eukarya domains of life, further strengthening the hypothesis for a common ancestor of this group of dsDNA viruses from all domains of life. (+info)1. Common cold: A viral infection that affects the upper respiratory tract and causes symptoms such as sneezing, running nose, coughing, and mild fever.
2. Influenza (flu): A viral infection that can cause severe respiratory illness, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinus and ear infections.
3. Measles: A highly contagious viral infection that causes fever, rashes, coughing, and redness of the eyes.
4. Rubella (German measles): A mild viral infection that can cause fever, rashes, headache, and swollen lymph nodes.
5. Chickenpox: A highly contagious viral infection that causes fever, itching, and a characteristic rash of small blisters on the skin.
6. Herpes simplex virus (HSV): A viral infection that can cause genital herpes, cold sores, or other skin lesions.
7. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): A viral infection that attacks the immune system and can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
8. Hepatitis B: A viral infection that affects the liver, causing inflammation and damage to liver cells.
9. Hepatitis C: Another viral infection that affects the liver, often leading to chronic liver disease and liver cancer.
10. Ebola: A deadly viral infection that causes fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and internal bleeding.
11. SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome): A viral infection that can cause severe respiratory illness, including pneumonia and respiratory failure.
12. West Nile virus: A viral infection that can cause fever, headache, and muscle pain, as well as more severe symptoms such as meningitis or encephalitis.
Viral infections can be spread through contact with an infected person or contaminated surfaces, objects, or insects such as mosquitoes. Prevention strategies include:
1. Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and thoroughly.
2. Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.
3. Covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
4. Avoiding sharing personal items such as towels or utensils.
5. Using condoms or other barrier methods during sexual activity.
6. Getting vaccinated against certain viral infections, such as HPV and hepatitis B.
7. Using insect repellents to prevent mosquito bites.
8. Screening blood products and organs for certain viruses before transfusion or transplantation.
Treatment for viral infections depends on the specific virus and the severity of the illness. Antiviral medications may be used to reduce the replication of the virus and alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide supportive care such as intravenous fluids, oxygen therapy, or mechanical ventilation.
Prevention is key in avoiding viral infections, so taking the necessary precautions and practicing good hygiene can go a long way in protecting oneself and others from these common and potentially debilitating illnesses.
Archaeal virus
Asgard (archaea)
David Prangishvili
Marine viruses
Biology
Virus
Parasitism
Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus 1
Bicaudaviridae
Globuloviridae
Lysin
Diversity-generating retroelement
Icerudivirus
Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2
Provirus
Bacteriophage
Prophage
Archaea
Rup Lal
Lipothrixviridae
Escherichia virus CC31
Pseudomonas virus phi6
Escherichia virus T5
Sulfolobus islandicus filamentous virus
Gene transfer agent
Acidianus
Clavaviridae
Martha Chase
Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 1
Filamentous bacteriophage
Sulfolobus
TATA box
Transcription factor II B
Ubiquitin
Nucleoprotein
Christa Schleper
Halorubrum
Recombinase
Yingchengvirus
Soil microbiology
List of MeSH codes (D12.776)
Marine prokaryotes
Whole genome sequencing
Ligamenvirales
Alpha solenoid
Marine food web
Guttaviridae
Orphan gene
RefSeq
DNA polymerase
Metagenomics
Deep biosphere
Haloarcula hispanica pleomorphic virus 1
Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents
Indoor bioaerosol
Cell nucleus
An anti-CRISPR protein disables type V Cas12a by acetylation | Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
Wissenschaftliche Publikationen | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
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Volcano Virus Inspires New Ways To Deliver Drugs and Vaccines
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VirFinder: a novel k-mer based tool for identifying viral sequences from assembled metagenomic data | Microbiome | Full Text
DNA Helicase-Polymerase Coupling in Bacteriophage DNA Replication
ISEPpapers 13: July, August, and September 2021
Taxonomy browser (Salmonella phage ST64T)
References: Guttaviridae | ICTV
EN (en)
Culex mosquitoes do not transmit Zika virus | Institut Pasteur
Tumor virus infections. Medical search. Definitions
Killer Archaea: Virus-Mediated Antagonism to CRISPR-Immune Populations Results in Emergent Virus-Host Mutualism (Journal...
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A genomic analysis of the archaeal system Ignicoccus hospitalis-Nanoarchaeum equitans - DOE Joint Genome Institute
Making blind mice see | ScienceBlogs
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PCR Amplification | An Introduction to PCR Methods | Promega
UBIRA ETheses - Items where Year is 2014
Bacterial6
- Our research is focused on the discovery of novel bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic microbes and viruses in environmental sequence data. (doe.gov)
- Viruses infect and replicate within host cells, and through these infective interactions, they play important roles in controlling bacterial population size, altering host metabolism, and have broader impacts on the functions of microbial communities, such as human gut, soil, and ocean microbiomes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Bacterial and archaeal symbioses with protists. (isep-protists.com)
- To address this problem while accounting for some aspects of eukaryotic biochemistry, a different model has been discussed in the literature, one where a bacterium first engulfed an archaeon and the archaeal membrane was thereby lost, and then a second bacterial endosymbiont became the mitochondrion. (nih.gov)
- Our finding that eukaryotic viruses evolved from bacterial viruses seems to strongly favor this two-symbioses model for the origin of eukaryotic cells. (nih.gov)
- Specifically, 16 multi-kingdom markers, including 11 bacterial, 4 fungal, and 1 archaeal feature, achieved good performance in diagnosing patients with colorectal cancer. (who.int)
Eukaryotic5
- While the term virus broadly includes those that infect prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts, throughout we use the term virus (and provirus in the case of integrated viruses), to refer to viruses that infect bacteria or archaea (the focus of this study) rather than the terms phage or bacteriophage, which specifically refer to viruses that infect bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
- Studies on bacteriophage replication provide implications for the more complicated replication systems in bacteria, archaeal, and eukaryotic systems, as well as the RNA genome replication in RNA viruses. (nih.gov)
- My colleagues and I addressed this question by reconstructing a virome (the collection of viruses that infect a given host species) of our two-billion-year-old eukaryotic ancestor. (nih.gov)
- Considering this, we assumed that eukaryotic viruses would have evolved from viruses of archaea. (nih.gov)
- This is a model for the origin of eukaryotic cells and their viruses. (nih.gov)
ARCHAEA6
- Viruses whose hosts are in the domain ARCHAEA . (nih.gov)
- Virus cuyos huéspedes pertenecen al dominio de ARCHAEA. (bvsalud.org)
- Viruses are the most abundant biological entities with more than 10 31 particles on Earth, most of which are viruses that infect bacteria and archaea (prokaryotes) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Viruses of archaea: Structural, functional, environmental and evolutionary genomics. (ictv.global)
- Provirus induction in hyperthermophilic archaea: characterization of Aeropyrum pernix spindle-shaped virus 1 and Aeropyrum pernix ovoid virus 1. (ictv.global)
- In the microbiota analyses, they found alterations in all three domains of life (fungi, archaea, and bacteria), as well as viruses, in relation to the development of colorectal cancer. (who.int)
Spindle-shaped viruses2
- The structure that lets it do that, the scientists realized, likely explains how ancient rod-like viruses gave rise to all the spindle-shaped viruses seen today. (technologynetworks.com)
- Virus-host mutualism has been demonstrated in thermophilic archaeal populations where Sulfolobus spindle-shaped viruses (SSVs) provide a competitive advantage to their host Sulfolobus islandicus by producing a toxin that kills uninfected strains. (nsf.gov)
Hyperthermophilic2
- First insights into the entry process of hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses. (mpg.de)
- Here we show that nonlytic lemon-shaped virus STSV2 interferes with the cell cycle control of its host, hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus, arresting the cell cycle in the S phase. (pasteur.fr)
Genomes3
- RNA viruses are defined by linear RNA genomes encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while viroid-like elements consist of small, single-stranded, circular RNA genomes that, in some cases, encode self-cleaving catalytic RNAs. (nature.com)
- VirFinder had significantly better rates of identifying true viral contigs (true positive rates (TPRs)) than VirSorter, the current state-of-the-art gene-based virus classification tool, when evaluated with either contigs subsampled from complete genomes or assembled from a simulated human gut metagenome. (biomedcentral.com)
- VirFinder furthermore identified several recently sequenced virus genomes (after 1 January 2014) that VirSorter did not and that have no nucleotide similarity to previously sequenced viruses, demonstrating VirFinder's potential advantage in identifying novel viral sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
Halophilic2
- Six novel halophilic archaeal strains of XZYJT10T, XZYJ18T, XZYJT40T, XZYJT49T, YCN54T and LT46T were isolated from a solar saltern in Tibet, a salt lake in Shanxi, and a saline soil in Xinjiang, China. (bvsalud.org)
- Three extremely halophilic archaeal strains (LT55T, SQT-29-1T and WLHS5T) were isolated from Gobi saline soil and a salt lake, China. (bvsalud.org)
Virosphere3
- Archaeal viruses represent one of the most mysterious parts of the global virosphere, with many virus groups sharing no evolutionary relationship to viruses of bacteria or eukaryotes. (pasteur.fr)
- Bipartite network analysis of the archaeal virosphere: evolutionary connections between viruses and capsidless mobile elements. (ictv.global)
- The enigmatic archaeal virosphere. (ictv.global)
Organisms4
- indeed, all organisms on earth, from bacteria to amoeba to plants and animals, are infected by multiple, diverse viruses. (nih.gov)
- Thanks to a powerful new methodology known as metagenomics-simply put, the sequencing of all DNA or RNA from any environment without growing organisms in the lab-we can now explore the diversity of viruses incomparably better than we possibly could even a decade ago. (nih.gov)
- My group has been studying the evolution of viruses for years, and one of the fascinating questions we asked was, if we compare the rapidly expanding diversity of known viruses that infect all kinds of organisms, might it be possible to peer into the distant past and figure out what viruses were infecting our distant ancestors? (nih.gov)
- First, we found that the virome of our ancestor eukaryotes was nearly as complex as that of modern organisms-it seems that as far as viruses are concerned, not much has changed in two billion years. (nih.gov)
Sulfolobus6
- Family of archaeal viruses with a single genus: Sulfolobus SNDV-like Viruses. (umassmed.edu)
- The virus Egelman and his colleagues were studying, Sulfolobus monocaudavirus 1 (SMV1), has a protein shell surrounding the DNA that is spindle- or lemon-shaped. (technologynetworks.com)
- If the CRISPR-Cas system is present, the giant cells acquire virus-derived spacers and terminate the virus spread, whereas in its absence, the cycle continues, suggesting that CRISPR-Cas is the primary defense system in Sulfolobus against STSV2. (pasteur.fr)
- To better understand the evolution of host-virus interactions in microbial populations with active CRISPR-Cas immunity, we studied the interaction between CRISPR-immune Sulfolobus islandicus cells and immune-deficient strains that are infected by the chronic virus SSV9. (nsf.gov)
- We demonstrate that Sulfolobus islandicus cells infected with SSV9, and with other related SSVs, kill uninfected, immune strains through an antagonistic mechanism that is a protein and is independent of infectious virus. (nsf.gov)
- In this work, we describe one such interaction with the acidic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus islandicus and its chronic virus Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 9. (nsf.gov)
Infect bacteria2
- Second, we found that all viruses that infect eukaryotes evolved from those that infect bacteria. (nih.gov)
- At any one time there are roughly five million trillion trillion (10 30 ) living bacteria and 10 31 phages (viruses that infect bacteria) that attack them, killing 40% of them every day [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome2
- A new study identified two distinct lineages of monkeypox virus (MPXV) in the United States with evidence of genome editing by host apolipoprotein B editing complex (APOBEC3) cytosine deaminase, which might be accelerating MPXV evolution. (nature.com)
- Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. (lookformedical.com)
Populations3
- The transmission could be facilitated by the absence of immunity of the American populations as the virus comes from Africa but also by the coincidence of high densities of vector mosquitoes and human populations. (pasteur.fr)
- We hypothesize that this infection acts as a form of mutualism between the host and the virus by removing competitors in the population and ensuring continued vertical transmission of the virus within populations with diversified CRISPR-Cas immunity. (nsf.gov)
- Our work expands the view in which this symbiosis between host and virus evolved, describing a killing phenotype which we hypothesize has evolved in part due to the high prevalence and diversity of CRISPR-Cas immunity seen in natural populations. (nsf.gov)
20221
- On March 3, Tessa received the Beijerinck Premie 2022 for her research on archaeal viruses. (quaxlab.org)
Genetic6
- Viral evolution refers to the heritable genetic changes that a virus accumulates during its life time, which can arise from adaptations in response to environmental changes or the immune response of the host. (nature.com)
- Expanding Metagenomics to Capture Viral Diversity Along with highlighting the viruses in a given sample, metagenomics shed light on another key aspect of viruses in the environment - their sheer genetic diversity. (doe.gov)
- Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)
- Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)
- Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES , are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus. (lookformedical.com)
- However, very recently the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology recovered with PCR technology genetic fragments of the 1918 influenza virus (1). (nih.gov)
Institut Pasteur1
- In a study published in March 2016, the same Institut Pasteur International Network teams in collaboration with other partners had demonstrated that Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and Aedes albopictus from America were competent, although weakly, towards the virus. (pasteur.fr)
Protein1
- Soil Virus Offers Insight into Maintaining Microorganisms Through a collaborative effort, researchers have identified a protein in soil viruses that may promote soil health. (doe.gov)
Interactions3
- However, our understanding of virus-host interactions for large portions of viral communities has been limited due to the difficulties of using traditional virus isolation techniques, especially for those that infect uncultivable hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
- Virus-host interactions evolve along a symbiosis continuum from antagonism to mutualism. (nsf.gov)
- We propose that competitive interactions among chronic viruses to promote their host fitness form the basis of virus-host mutualism. (nsf.gov)
Species4
- And that diversity is nothing short of astonishing: a recent estimate my colleagues and I developed using this methodology suggests that there could be as many as a billion distinct virus species on our planet. (nih.gov)
- A minority of them (1415 species, 217 viruses or prions, 538 bacteria, 307 fungi, 66 protozoa, and 287 helminths) are also responsible for causing infectious disease with few having shaped human history and its evolution over time by killing hundreds of millions of people [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)
- Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)
Evolve3
- Because of their short generation times and large population sizes, viruses can evolve rapidly. (nature.com)
- In these post-COVID-19 days, this message hardly requires much advocacy-we now intimately know that understanding how viruses evolve is crucial to track and eventually predict the course of epidemics, and this work ultimately helps save lives. (nih.gov)
- Under such conditions, theory predicts that to evade extinction, viruses evolve toward decreased virulence and promote vertical transmission and persistence in infected hosts. (nsf.gov)
Eukaryotes1
- However, this was not the case-the viruses that infect eukaryotes apparently came from bacteria ! (nih.gov)
Plant viruses1
- In this Perspective we describe examples of how plant viruses, focusing particularly on cowpea mosaic virus, a naturally occurring pre-formed sphere-like nanoparticle, are being used as templates and/or building blocks in bionanoscience and indicate their potential for future application. (nih.gov)
Fungi2
- Here, the authors identify over 20,000 candidate viroid-like elements, and show that infectious agents of fungi display hybrid features of viroid-like RNAs and RNA viruses. (nature.com)
- They include bacteria - the vast majority - but also viruses, fungi, and unicellular microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Hybrids1
- Virus hybrids as nanomaterials for biotechnology. (nih.gov)
Structural1
- Structural insights into a spindle-shaped archaeal virus with a sevenfold symmetrical tail. (bvsalud.org)
Known viruses1
- Such approaches can significantly limit results especially for short contigs that have few predicted proteins or lack proteins with similarity to previously known viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Hosts5
- VirFinder instead identifies viral sequences based on our empirical observation that viruses and hosts have discernibly different k -mer signatures. (biomedcentral.com)
- How these viruses interact with their hosts remains largely unexplored. (pasteur.fr)
- ABSTRACT Theory, simulation, and experimental evolution demonstrate that diversified CRISPR-Cas immunity to lytic viruses can lead to stochastic virus extinction due to a limited number of susceptible hosts available to each potential new protospacer escape mutation. (nsf.gov)
- Long-term associations between virus and host, such as those in chronic infection, will select for traits that drive the interaction towards mutualism, especially when susceptible hosts are rare in the population. (nsf.gov)
- This suggests that competition between viruses and/or their hosts could maintain toxin diversity. (nsf.gov)
Isolation2
- Isolation and studies of virus-host systems from non-acidic geothermal environments. (ictv.global)
- Isolation of the virus from mosquitoes' saliva (biological proof of their capacity to transmit) were futile 21 days after female took infected blood. (pasteur.fr)
Vast majority1
- While the vast majority of viruses are either rod-like or spherical (such as the coronavirus responsible for COVID-19), scientists have been puzzled by the unusual forms of viruses found in some of the harshest environments on Earth. (technologynetworks.com)
Lemon-shaped2
- From hot volcanic springs where the water is nearly boiling acid, scientists have discovered how lemon-shaped viruses got their form. (technologynetworks.com)
- Scanning electron micrograph of Saccharolobus islandicus cells (light blue) infected with the lemon-shaped virus STSV2 (yellow). (pasteur.fr)
Sequences4
- Search, retrieve and analyze Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequences in NCBI Virus . (nih.gov)
- See all publicly available virus sequences in newly designed interface at NCBI Virus and send us your feedback! (nih.gov)
- A Better Way to Find RNA Virus Needles in the Proverbial Database Haystacks Researchers combed through more than 5,000 data sets of RNA sequences generated from diverse environmental samples around the world, resulting in a five-fold increase of RNA virus diversity. (doe.gov)
- Metagenomic studies using high throughput sequencing technology can now generate massive amounts of short read sequences from prokaryotic cells in microbial communities regardless of cultivability of the cells, and viruses are inevitably captured at the same time in these samples. (biomedcentral.com)
Understand the Evolution1
- Can Studying Viruses Help Us Understand the Evolution of Life? (nih.gov)
Term1
- A general term for diseases produced by viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Substances1
- Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity. (lookformedical.com)
Diversity1
- To do this, we mapped the current diversity of viruses on the evolutionary tree of life, then applied some simple mathematical methods to infer which of them were already present in that distant common ancestor. (nih.gov)
Implications2
- This has implications for not only understanding how certain viruses evolved but potentially can be used for new ways to deliver everything from drugs to vaccines. (technologynetworks.com)
- We explore the implications of this phenotype in population dynamics and host ecology, as well as the implications of mutualism between this virus-host pair. (nsf.gov)
Biological1
- Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response. (lookformedical.com)
Role1
- The joint publication with the Albers and Duggin labs on the role of archaeal MinD in motility is now officially published in Current Biology . (quaxlab.org)
Particles1
- The expelling of virus particles from the body. (lookformedical.com)
Research2
- We are thrilled with the opportunity provided by the ERC starting grant that was awarded for our research on archaeal viruses. (quaxlab.org)
- The lab recently moved to the University of Groningen (RUG) in the Netherlands, where we found an exiting new environment for our research on archaeal viruses at the Groningen Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology Institute. (quaxlab.org)
Cells1
- Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells. (lookformedical.com)
Chronic2
- Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 evolution during chronic infection reveals that in this setting, the virus evolves to bear mutations similar to those seen in variants of concern, and that many of these mutations are associated with antibody evasion. (nature.com)
- However, it has become increasingly clear that viruses with a long host-virus interaction, such as those with a chronic lifestyle, can be important drivers of evolution and have large impacts on host ecology. (nsf.gov)
Study2
- The study of the evolution of viruses is a key task for biomedical researchers. (nih.gov)
- The results of their study published in EuroSurveillance on September 1st, show that Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus, mosquitoes that are very common in human environment, are actually not able to transmit Zika virus. (pasteur.fr)
Work1
- The Hector RCD award was awarded to Tessa and will fund the position of a PhD student to work on archaeal mechanisms to escape viral infection. (quaxlab.org)
Environment1
- An illustration of the shapeshifting volcano virus in its natural environment, nearly boiling pools of acid. (technologynetworks.com)
Question1
- We will try to answer the question how archaeal viruses compete with each other for access to cellular resources. (quaxlab.org)
Primarily2
- Current tools for distinguishing prokaryotic virus and host contigs primarily use gene-based similarity approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
- These mosquitoes are therefore primarily responsible for the transmission of Zika virus. (pasteur.fr)
Found1
- These seven strands of proteins were found in both the body and tail of the virus, and they give the virus a remarkable ability to shapeshift. (technologynetworks.com)