Archaea. Medical search

One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and Eukarya), formerly called Archaebacteria under the taxon Bacteria, but now considered separate and distinct. They are characterized by: (1) the presence of characteristic tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs; (2) the absence of peptidoglycan cell walls; (3) the presence of ether-linked lipids built from branched-chain subunits; and (4) their occurrence in unusual habitats. While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. The domain contains at least four kingdoms: CRENARCHAEOTA; EURYARCHAEOTA; NANOARCHAEOTA; and KORARCHAEOTA.

Proteins found in any species of archaeon.

The functional genetic units of ARCHAEA.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of archaea.

Ribonucleic acid in archaea having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

The genetic complement of an archaeal organism (ARCHAEA) as represented in its DNA.

A kingdom in the domain ARCHAEA comprised of thermoacidophilic, sulfur-dependent organisms. The two orders are SULFOLOBALES and THERMOPROTEALES.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in archaea.

A species of halophilic archaea found in the Dead Sea.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A genus of anaerobic coccoid METHANOCOCCACEAE whose organisms are motile by means of polar tufts of flagella. These methanogens are found in salt marshes, marine and estuarine sediments, and the intestinal tract of animals.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

A genus of aerobic, chemolithotrophic, coccoid ARCHAEA whose organisms are thermoacidophilic. Its cells are highly irregular in shape, often lobed, but occasionally spherical. It has worldwide distribution with organisms isolated from hot acidic soils and water. Sulfur is used as an energy source.

A family of anaerobic, coccoid to rod-shaped METHANOBACTERIALES. Cell membranes are composed mainly of polyisoprenoid hydrocarbons ether-linked to glycerol. Its organisms are found in anaerobic habitats throughout nature.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A phylum of ARCHAEA comprising at least seven classes: Methanobacteria, Methanococci, Halobacteria (extreme halophiles), Archaeoglobi (sulfate-reducing species), Methanopyri, and the thermophiles: Thermoplasmata, and Thermococci.

A genus of anaerobic, irregular spheroid-shaped METHANOSARCINALES whose organisms are nonmotile. Endospores are not formed. These archaea derive energy via formation of methane from acetate, methanol, mono-, di-, and trimethylamine, and possibly, carbon monoxide. Organisms are isolated from freshwater and marine environments.

A process facilitated by specialized bacteria involving the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and nitrate.

A genus of anaerobic, rod-shaped METHANOBACTERIACEAE. Its organisms are nonmotile and use ammonia as the sole source of nitrogen. These methanogens are found in aquatic sediments, soil, sewage, and the gastrointestinal tract of animals.

A family of archaea, in the order DESULFUROCOCCALES, consisting of anaerobic cocci which utilize peptides, proteins or carbohydrates facultatively by sulfur respiration or fermentation. There are eight genera: AEROPYRUM, Desulfurococcus, Ignicoccus, Staphylothermus, Stetteria, Sulfophoboccus, Thermodiscus, and Thermosphaera. (From Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2d ed)

An order of anaerobic methanogens in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA. There are two families: METHANOSARCINACEAE and Methanosaetaceae.

An order of extremely halophilic archaea, in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA. They occur ubiquitously in nature where the salt concentration is high, and are chemoorganotrophic, using amino acids or carbohydrates as a carbon source.

A genus of extremely halophilic HALOBACTERIACEAE which are chemoheterotropic and strictly aerobic. They are found in neutral saline environments such as salt lakes (especially the Dead Sea) and marine salterns.

A genus of strictly anaerobic ultrathermophilic archaea, in the family THERMOCOCCACEAE, occurring in heated seawaters. They exhibit heterotrophic growth at an optimum temperature of 100 degrees C.

A species of aerobic, chemolithotrophic ARCHAEA consisting of coccoid cells that utilize sulfur as an energy source. The optimum temperature for growth is 70-75 degrees C. They are isolated from acidic fields.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

A family of anaerobic METHANOSARCINALES whose cells are mesophilic or thermophilic and appear as irregular spheroid bodies or sheathed rods. These methanogens are found in any anaerobic environment including aquatic sediments, anaerobic sewage digesters and gastrointestinal tracts. There are four genera: METHANOSARCINA, Methanolobus, Methanothrix, and Methanococcoides.

A species of gram-negative hyperthermophilic ARCHAEA found in deep ocean hydrothermal vents. It is an obligate anaerobe and obligate chemoorganotroph.

Structures within the nucleus of archaeal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

A species of thermoacidophilic ARCHAEA in the family Sulfolobaceae, found in volcanic areas where the temperature is about 80 degrees C and SULFUR is present.

A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)

An order of anaerobic methanogens in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA. They are pseudosarcina, coccoid or sheathed rod-shaped and catabolize methyl groups. The cell wall is composed of protein. The order includes one family, METHANOCOCCACEAE. (From Bergey's Manual of Systemic Bacteriology, 1989)

A species of extremely thermophilic, sulfur-reducing archaea. It grows at a maximum temperature of 95 degrees C. in marine or deep-sea geothermal areas.

A species of strictly anaerobic, hyperthermophilic archaea which lives in geothermally-heated marine sediments. It exhibits heterotropic growth by fermentation or sulfur respiration.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.

A genus of extremely thermophilic heterotrophic archaea, in the family THERMOCOCCACEAE, occurring in heated sea flows. They are anaerobic chemoorganotropic sulfidogens.

Cells of the higher organisms, containing a true nucleus bounded by a nuclear membrane.

A species of halophilic archaea whose organisms are nonmotile. Habitats include freshwater and marine mud, animal-waste lagoons, and the rumens of ungulates.

A family of extremely halophilic archaea found in environments with high salt concentrations, such as salt lakes, evaporated brines, or salted fish. Halobacteriaceae are either obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes and are divided into at least twenty-six genera including: HALOARCULA; HALOBACTERIUM; HALOCOCCUS; HALOFERAX; HALORUBRUM; NATRONOBACTERIUM; and NATRONOCOCCUS.

A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Viruses whose hosts are in the domain ARCHAEA.

Compounds in which one or more of the three hydroxyl groups of glycerol are in ethereal linkage with a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohol; one or two of the hydroxyl groups of glycerol may be esterified. These compounds have been found in various animal tissue.

One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and ARCHAEA), also called Eukarya. These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. They comprise almost all multicellular and many unicellular organisms, and are traditionally divided into groups (sometimes called kingdoms) including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and various algae and other taxa that were previously part of the old kingdom Protista.

A genus of facultatively anaerobic heterotrophic archaea, in the order THERMOPLASMALES, isolated from self-heating coal refuse piles and acid hot springs. They are thermophilic and can grow both with and without sulfur.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The processes by which organisms use simple inorganic substances such as gaseous or dissolved carbon dioxide and inorganic nitrogen as nutrient sources. Contrasts with heterotrophic processes which make use of organic materials as the nutrient supply source. Autotrophs can be either chemoautotrophs (or chemolithotrophs), largely ARCHAEA and BACTERIA, which also use simple inorganic substances for their metabolic energy reguirements; or photoautotrophs (or photolithotrophs), such as PLANTS and CYANOBACTERIA, which derive their energy from light. Depending on environmental conditions some organisms can switch between different nutritional modes (autotrophy; HETEROTROPHY; chemotrophy; or PHOTOTROPHY) to utilize different sources to meet their nutrient and energy requirements.

A species of halophilic archaea found in the Mediterranean Sea. It produces bacteriocins active against a range of other halobacteria.

Cells lacking a nuclear membrane so that the nuclear material is either scattered in the cytoplasm or collected in a nucleoid region.

A family of THERMOPROTEALES consisting of variable length rigid rods without septa. They grow either chemolithoautotrophically or by sulfur respiration. The four genera are: PYROBACULUM; THERMOPROTEUS; Caldivirga; and Thermocladium. (From Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2d ed)

A species of halophilic archaea found in salt lakes. Some strains form a PURPLE MEMBRANE under anaerobic conditions.

The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

An order of aerobic, thermophilic archaea, in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA, characterized by the absence of a cell wall. Two genera have been described: THERMOPLASMA and Picrophilus.

The naturally occurring transmission of genetic information between organisms, related or unrelated, circumventing parent-to-offspring transmission. Horizontal gene transfer may occur via a variety of naturally occurring processes such as GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; and TRANSFECTION. It may result in a change of the recipient organism's genetic composition (TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC).

A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, cocci to short rod-shaped ARCHAEA, in the family METHANOBACTERIACEAE, order METHANOBACTERIALES. They are found in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or other anoxic environments.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A species of halophilic archaea distinguished by its production of acid from sugar. This species was previously called Halobacterium marismortui.

Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.

The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.

An order of CRENARCHAEOTA consisting of aerobic or facultatively aerobic, chemolithotrophic cocci which are extreme thermoacidophiles. They lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

A family of anaerobic METHANOMICROBIALES whose cells are coccoid to straight or slightly curved rods. There are six genera.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A genus of extremely thermophilic, sulfate-reducing archaea, in the family Archaeoglobaceae.

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

Degree of saltiness, which is largely the OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION of SODIUM CHLORIDE plus any other SALTS present. It is an ecological factor of considerable importance, influencing the types of organisms that live in an ENVIRONMENT.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Community of tiny aquatic PLANTS and ANIMALS, and photosynthetic BACTERIA, that are either free-floating or suspended in the water, with little or no power of locomotion. They are divided into PHYTOPLANKTON and ZOOPLANKTON.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

The large subunit of the archaeal 70s ribosome. It is composed of the 23S RIBOSOMAL RNA, the 5S RIBOSOMAL RNA, and about 40 different RIBOSOMAL PROTEINS.

A family of SULFOLOBALES consisting of aerobic or facultatively anaerobic chemolithotrophic cocci, usually occurring singly. They grow best at a pH of about 2.

Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

Hot springs on the ocean floor. They are commonly found near volcanically active places such as mid-oceanic ridges.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A phylum of bacteria consisting of the purple bacteria and their relatives which form a branch of the eubacterial tree. This group of predominantly gram-negative bacteria is classified based on homology of equivalent nucleotide sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA or by hybridization of ribosomal RNA or DNA with 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

A group of PROTEOBACTERIA represented by morphologically diverse, anaerobic sulfidogens. Some members of this group are considered bacterial predators, having bacteriolytic properties.

The spectrum of different living organisms inhabiting a particular region, habitat, or biotope.

An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.

A genus of HALOBACTERIACEAE distinguished from other genera in the family by the presence of specific derivatives of TGD-2 polar lipids. Haloarcula are found in neutral saline environments such as salt lakes, marine salterns, and saline soils.

A group of different species of microorganisms that act together as a community.

The genomic analysis of assemblages of organisms.

Habitat of hot water naturally heated by underlying geologic processes. Surface hot springs have been used for BALNEOLOGY. Underwater hot springs are called HYDROTHERMAL VENTS.

Physiological processes and properties of BACTERIA.

A group of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that is able to oxidize acetate completely to carbon dioxide using elemental sulfur as the electron acceptor.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A partially enclosed body of water, and its surrounding coastal habitats, where saltwater from the ocean mixes with fresh water from rivers or streams. The resulting mixture of seawater and fresh water is called brackish water and its salinity can range from 0.5 to 35 ppt. (accessed http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/estuaries/estuaries01_whatis.html)

A kingdom of hyperthermophilic ARCHAEA found in diverse environments.

Anaerobic hyperthermophilic species of ARCHAEA, isolated from hydrothermal fluid samples. It is obligately heterotrophic with coccoid cells that require TRYPTOPHAN for growth.

An order of anaerobic, highly specialized methanogens, in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA. Its organisms are nonmotile or motile, with cells occurring as coccoid bodies, pseudosarcina, or rods. Families include METHANOMICROBIACEAE, Methanocorpusculaceae, and Methanospirillaceae.

A genus of rod-shaped, almost rectangular ARCHAEA, in the family THERMOPROTEACEAE. Organisms are facultatively aerobic or strictly anaerobic, grow on various organic substrates, and are found in continental solfataras.

Inland bodies of still or slowly moving FRESH WATER or salt water, larger than a pond, and supplied by RIVERS and streams.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A genus of obligately anaerobic ARCHAEA, in the family THERMOPROTEACEAE. They are found in acidic hot springs and water holes.

A genus of anaerobic, chemolithotropic coccoid ARCHAEA, in the family DESULFUROCOCCACEAE. They live in marine environments.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

The processes by which organisms utilize organic substances as their nutrient sources. Contrasts with AUTOTROPHIC PROCESSES which make use of simple inorganic substances as the nutrient supply source. Heterotrophs can be either chemoheterotrophs (or chemoorganotrophs) which also require organic substances such as glucose for their primary metabolic energy requirements, or photoheterotrophs (or photoorganotrophs) which derive their primary energy requirements from light. Depending on environmental conditions some organisms can switch between different nutritional modes (AUTOTROPHY; heterotrophy; chemotrophy; or PHOTOTROPHY) to utilize different sources to meet their nutrients and energy requirements.

Characterization of two novel haloalkaliphilic archaea Natronorubrum bangense gen. nov., sp. nov. and Natronorubrum tibetense gen. nov., sp. nov. (1/2228)

Two haloalkaliphilic archaea were isolated from a soda lake in Tibet. The two strains, designated A33T and GA33T, were Gram-negative, pleomorphic, flat, non-motile and strictly aerobic. Growth required at least 12% NaCl. Growth was between pH 8.0 and pH 11 with an optimum at pH 9.0-9.5. Cells were chemo-organotrophic. Polar lipids were C20-C25 derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate. The nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA genes from the two strains were obtained by the analysis of the cloned rDNAs. On 16S rRNA phylogenetic trees, the two strains formed a monophyletic cluster. They differed from their closet neighbours, Halobacterium trapanicum and Natrialba asiatica, in polar lipid composition, as well as physiological and phenotypic characteristics. DNA-DNA hybridization indicated that the two strains belonged to different species of the same genus. The results indicated that the strains A33T and GA33T should be classified in a new genus Natronorubrum gen. nov. as Natronorubrum bangense sp. nov. (strain A33T) and Natronorubrum tibetense sp. nov. (strain GA33T). (+info)

An evaluation of elongation factor 1 alpha as a phylogenetic marker for eukaryotes. (2/2228)

Elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) is a highly conserved ubiquitous protein involved in translation that has been suggested to have desirable properties for phylogenetic inference. To examine the utility of EF-1 alpha as a phylogenetic marker for eukaryotes, we studied three properties of EF-1 alpha trees: congruency with other phyogenetic markers, the impact of species sampling, and the degree of substitutional saturation occurring between taxa. Our analyses indicate that the EF-1 alpha tree is congruent with some other molecular phylogenies in identifying both the deepest branches and some recent relationships in the eukaryotic line of descent. However, the topology of the intermediate portion of the EF-1 alpha tree, occupied by most of the protist lineages, differs for different phylogenetic methods, and bootstrap values for branches are low. Most problematic in this region is the failure of all phylogenetic methods to resolve the monophyly of two higher-order protistan taxa, the Ciliophora and the Alveolata. JACKMONO analyses indicated that the impact of species sampling on bootstrap support for most internal nodes of the eukaryotic EF-1 alpha tree is extreme. Furthermore, a comparison of observed versus inferred numbers of substitutions indicates that multiple overlapping substitutions have occurred, especially on the branch separating the Eukaryota from the Archaebacteria, suggesting that the rooting of the eukaryotic tree on the diplomonad lineage should be treated with caution. Overall, these results suggest that the phylogenies obtained from EF-1 alpha are congruent with other molecular phylogenies in recovering the monophyly of groups such as the Metazoa, Fungi, Magnoliophyta, and Euglenozoa. However, the interrelationships between these and other protist lineages are not well resolved. This lack of resolution may result from the combined effects of poor taxonomic sampling, relatively few informative positions, large numbers of overlapping substitutions that obscure phylogenetic signal, and lineage-specific rate increases in the EF-1 alpha data set. It is also consistent with the nearly simultaneous diversification of major eukaryotic lineages implied by the "big-bang" hypothesis of eukaryote evolution. (+info)

Unusual ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase of anoxic Archaea. (3/2228)

The predominant pool of organic matter on earth is derived from the biological reduction and assimilation of carbon dioxide gas, catalyzed primarily by the enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO). By virtue of its capacity to use molecular oxygen as an alternative and competing gaseous substrate, the catalytic efficiency of RubisCO and the enzyme's ability to assimilate CO2 may be severely limited, with consequent environmental and agricultural effects. Recent genomic sequencing projects, however, have identified putative RubisCO genes from anoxic Archaea. In the present study, these potential RubisCO sequences, from Methanococcus jannaschii and Archaeoglobus fulgidus, were analyzed in order to ascertain whether such sequences might encode functional proteins. We also report the isolation and properties of recombinant RubisCO using sequences obtained from the obligately anaerobic hyperthermophilic methanogen M. jannaschii. This is the first description of an archaeal RubisCO sequence; this study also represents the initial characterization of a RubisCO molecule that has evolved in the absence of molecular oxygen. The enzyme was shown to be a homodimer whose deduced sequence, along with other recently obtained archaeal RubisCO sequences, differs substantially from those of known RubisCO molecules. The recombinant M. jannaschii enzyme has a somewhat low, but reasonable kcat, however, unlike previously isolated RubisCO molecules, this enzyme is very oxygen sensitive yet it is stable to hyperthermal temperatures and catalyzes the formation of the expected carboxylation product. Despite inhibition by oxygen, this unusual RubisCO still catalyzes a weak yet demonstrable oxygenase activity, with perhaps the lowest capacity for CO2/O2 discrimination ever encountered for any RubisCO. (+info)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization using 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotides reveals localization of methanogens and selected uncultured bacteria in mesophilic and thermophilic sludge granules. (4/2228)

16S rRNA-targeted in situ hybridization combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to elucidate the spatial distribution of microbes within two types of methanogenic granular sludge, mesophilic (35 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C), in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors fed with sucrose-, acetate-, and propionate-based artificial wastewater. The spatial organization of the microbes was visualized in thin sections of the granules by using fluorescent oligonucleotide probes specific to several phylogenetic groups of microbes. In situ hybridization with archaeal- and bacterial-domain probes within granule sections clearly showed that both mesophilic and thermophilic granules had layered structures and that the outer layer harbored mainly bacterial cells while the inner layer consisted mainly of archaeal cells. Methanosaeta-, Methanobacterium-, Methanospirillum-, and Methanosarcina-like cells were detected with oligonucleotide probes specific for the different groups of methanogens, and they were found to be localized inside the granules, in both types of which dominant methanogens were members of the genus Methanosaeta. For specific detection of bacteria which were previously detected by whole-microbial-community 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-cloning analysis (Y. Sekiguchi, Y. Kamagata, K. Syutsubo, A. Ohashi, H. Harada, and K. Nakamura, Microbiology 144:2655-2665, 1998) we designed probes specific for clonal 16S rDNAs related to unidentified green nonsulfur bacteria and clones related to Syntrophobacter species. The probe designed for the cluster closely related to Syntrophobacter species hybridized with coccoid cells in the inner layer of the mesophilic granule sections. The probe for the unidentified bacteria which were clustered with the green nonsulfur bacteria detected filamentous cells in the outermost layer of the thermophilic sludge granule sections. These results revealed the spatial organizations of methanogens and uncultivated bacteria and their in situ morphologies and metabolic functions in both mesophilic and thermophilic granular sludges. (+info)

Universal conservation in translation initiation revealed by human and archaeal homologs of bacterial translation initiation factor IF2. (5/2228)

Binding of initiator methionyl-tRNA to ribosomes is catalyzed in prokaryotes by initiation factor (IF) IF2 and in eukaryotes by eIF2. The discovery of both IF2 and eIF2 homologs in yeast and archaea suggested that these microbes possess an evolutionarily intermediate protein synthesis apparatus. We describe the identification of a human IF2 homolog, and we demonstrate by using in vivo and in vitro assays that human IF2 functions as a translation factor. In addition, we show that archaea IF2 can substitute for its yeast homolog both in vivo and in vitro. We propose a universally conserved function for IF2 in facilitating the proper binding of initiator methionyl-tRNA to the ribosomal P site. (+info)

10-11 bp periodicities in complete genomes reflect protein structure and DNA folding. (6/2228)

MOTIVATION: Completely sequenced genomes allow for detection and analysis of the relatively weak periodicities of 10-11 basepairs (bp). Two sources contribute to such signals: correlations in the corresponding protein sequences due to the amphipatic character of alpha-helices and the folding of DNA (nucleosomal patterns, DNA supercoiling). Since the topological state of genomic DNA is of importance for its replication, recombination and transcription, there is an immediate interest to obtain information about the supercoiled state from sequence periodicities. RESULTS: We show that correlations within proteins affect mainly the oscillations at distances below 35 bp. The long-ranging correlations up to 100 bp reflect primarily DNA folding. For the yeast genome these oscillations are consistent in detail with the chromatin structure. For eubacteria and archaea the periods deviate significantly from the 10.55 bp value for free DNA. These deviations suggest that while a period of 11 bp in bacteria reflects negative supercoiling, the significantly different period of thermophilic archaea close to 10 bp corresponds to positive supercoiling of thermophilic archaeal genomes. AVAILABILITY: Protein sets and C programs for the calculation of correlation functions are available on request from the authors (see http://itb.biologie.hu-berlin.de). (+info)

The euryarchaeotes, a subdomain of Archaea, survive on a single DNA polymerase: fact or farce? (7/2228)

Archaea is now recognized as the third domain of life. Since their discovery, much effort has been directed towards understanding the molecular biology and biochemistry of Archaea. The objective is to comprehend the complete structure and the depth of the phylogenetic tree of life. DNA replication is one of the most important events in living organisms and DNA polymerase is the key enzyme in the molecular machinery which drives the process. All archaeal DNA polymerases were thought to belong to family B. This was because all of the products of pol genes that had been cloned showed amino acid sequence similarities to those of this family, which includes three eukaryal DNA replicases and Escherichia coli DNA polymerase II. Recently, we found a new heterodimeric DNA polymerase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus. The genes coding for the subunits of this DNA polymerase are conserved in the euryarchaeotes whose genomes have been completely sequenced. The biochemical characteristics of the novel DNA polymerase family suggest that its members play an important role in DNA replication within euryarchaeal cells. We review here our current knowledge on DNA polymerases in Archaea with emphasis on the novel DNA polymerase discovered in Euryarchaeota. (+info)

Two distinct SECIS structures capable of directing selenocysteine incorporation in eukaryotes. (8/2228)

Translation of UGA as selenocysteine requires specific RNA secondary structures in the mRNAs of selenoproteins. These elements differ in sequence, structure, and location in the mRNA, that is, coding versus 3' untranslated region, in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea. Analyses of eukaryotic selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) elements via computer folding programs, mutagenesis studies, and chemical and enzymatic probing has led to the derivation of a predicted consensus structural model for these elements. This model consists of a stem-loop or hairpin, with conserved nucleotides in the loop and in a non-Watson-Crick motif at the base of the stem. However, the sequences of a number of SECIS elements predict that they would diverge from the consensus structure in the loop region. Using site-directed mutagenesis to introduce mutations predicted to either disrupt or restore structure, or to manipulate loop size or stem length, we show that eukaryotic SECIS elements fall into two distinct classes, termed forms 1 and 2. Form 2 elements have additional secondary structures not present in form 1 elements. By either insertion or deletion of the sequences and structures distinguishing the two classes of elements while maintaining appropriate loop size, conversion of a form 1 element to a functional form 2-like element and of a form 2 to a functional form 1-like element was achieved. These results suggest commonality of function of the two classes. The information obtained regarding the existence of two classes of SECIS elements and the tolerances for manipulations of stem length and loop size should facilitate designing RNA molecules for obtaining high-resolution structural information about these elements. (+info)

In archaea[edit]. Crenarchaeota possess neither a cell wall nor the FtsZ mechanism. They use a primitive version of the ... Organisms in the domains of Archaea and Bacteria reproduce with binary fission. This form of asexual reproduction and cell ... Bernander, R; Ettema, TJ (December 2010). "FtsZ-less cell division in archaea and bacteria". Current Opinion in Microbiology. ... "Evolution of diverse cell division and vesicle formation systems in Archaea". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 8 (10): 731-41. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fission_

Archaea[edit]. Archaea is a domain of organisms that are prokaryotic, single-celled, and are thought to have developed 4 ... "Archaea". Microbe World. Microbe World. Retrieved 8 November 2015.. *^ Chambers, Cecilia R.; Patrick, Wayne M. (2015). " ... It studies the genetics of very small (micro) organisms; bacteria, archaea, viruses and some protozoa and fungi.[1] This ... Gene transfer and genetic exchange have been studied in the halophilic archaeon Halobacterium volcanii and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_Genetics

"archaea , prokaryote". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2015-11-22.. *^ a b c d e f Gupta, G.N.; Srivastava, S.; Khare, S.K ... Bernstein H, Bernstein C. Sexual communication in archaea, the precursor to meiosis. pp. 103-117 in Biocommunication of Archaea ... "Extremophiles: Archaea and Bacteria" : Map of Life". www.mapoflife.org. Retrieved 2015-11-22.. ... Some archaea inhabit the most biologically inhospitable environments on earth, and this is believed to in some ways mimic the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicellular_organism

Archaea typically have fewer disulfides than higher organisms.[13] In eukaryotes[edit]. In eukaryotic cells, in general, stable ... In bacteria and archaea[edit]. Disulfide bonds play an important protective role for bacteria as a reversible switch that turns ... "there is no evidence for disulfide bonds in proteins from archaea"". Extremophiles. 12 (1): 29-38. doi:10.1007/s00792-007-0076- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disulfide_bond

Archaea[edit]. Archaea have a single type of RNAP, responsible for the synthesis of all RNA. Archaeal RNAP is structurally and ... Archaea has the subunit corresponding to Eukaryotic Rpb1 split into two. There is no homolog to eukaryotic Rpb9 (POLR2I) in the ... The first analysis of the RNAP of an archaeon was performed in 1971, when the RNAP from the extreme halophile Halobacterium ... Bacteria and archaea only have one RNA polymerase. Eukaryotes have multiple types of nuclear RNAP, each responsible for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_Polymerase

In archaea[edit]. Tungsten is essential for some archaea. The following tungsten-utilizing enzymes are known: *Aldehyde ... 1 April 2008). Archaea: New Models for Prokaryotic Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1904455271.. ... A wtp system is known to selectively transport tungsten in archaea: *WtpA is tungten-binding protein of ABC family of ... It is used by some bacteria and archaea,[82] but not in eukaryotes. For example, enzymes called oxidoreductases use tungsten ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten

Archaea[edit]. *Strain 121, an archaeon living at 121 °C in the Pacific Ocean. ... Unique properties of hyperthermophilic archaea. References[edit]. *^ Stetter, K. (2006). "History of discovery of the first ... Pyrococcus furiosus, an archaeon which thrives at 100 °C, first discovered in Italy near a volcanic vent. ... Methanopyrus kandleri strain 116, an archaeon in 80-122 °C in a Central Indian Ridge. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthermophile

Bernstein H, Bernstein C. Sexual communication in archaea, the precursor to meiosis. pp. 103-117 in Biocommunication of Archaea ... Archaea are prokaryotic unicellular organisms, and form the first domain of life, in Carl Woese's three-domain system. A ... Bacteria and archaea are almost always microscopic, while a number of eukaryotes are also microscopic, including most protists ... Carl Woese's 1990 phylogenetic tree based on rRNA data shows the domains of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota. All are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial

Archaea[upraviť , upraviť zdroj]. Doména Archaea* (zast. Archaebacteria) - zast. archebaktérie [podľa (1), (2) a angl. wiki]: ... doména: Archaea - Woese je autorom pojmu "Archaea". *doména: eukaryoty - delenie iba naznačené: *ríša:Protista resp. viaceré ... Archaea - monofyletickosť skupiny sporná. *eukaryoty (podľa abecedy): *Alveolata - patrí sem Dinoflagellata, Apicomplexa, ...

https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systém_živých_organizmov

Together with MscS, MscL, or its homologs, has been found in bacteria, archaea, fungi, and higher plants, but not animals. ... Kloda, Anna; Martinac, Boris (2002). "Common evolutionary origins of mechanosensitive ion channels in Archaea, Bacteria and ... cell-walled Eukarya". Archaea. 1 (1): 35-44. doi:10.1155/2002/419261. PMC 2685541. PMID 15803657. Kung C, Martinac B, Sukharev ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-conductance_mechanosensitive_channel

Archaea. PMC 3892558. SUPERFAMILY database SCOP: Structural Classification of Proteins. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfamily_database

It is hypothesized that the symbiosis originated when ancient archaea, similar to modern methanogenic archaea, invaded and ... Hogan CM (2010). "Archaea". In Monosson E, Cleveland C (eds.). Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington, DC.: National Council for ... The archaeal origin of the nucleus is supported by observations that archaea and eukarya have similar genes for certain ... A similar proposal states that a eukaryote-like cell, the chronocyte, evolved first and phagocytosed archaea and bacteria to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus

"Identification and analysis of proton-translocating pyrophosphatases in the methanogenic archaeon Methansarcina mazei". Archaea ... The archaeon, Methanosarcina mazei Gö1, encodes within its genome two H+-translocating pyrophosphatases (PPases), Mvp1 and Mvp2 ... Full-length members of the H+-PPase family have been sequenced from numerous bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. These H+ pumping ... Those from respiratory and photosynthetic bacteria as well as archaea are less dependent upon K+. However, exceptions may exist ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H ,_Na -translocating_pyrophosphatase_family

nov., a hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a hydrothermal vent at the Okinawa Trough". Extremophiles. 2 (2): 123-130. doi ... Pyrococcus horikoshii is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic archaeon, first isolated from hydrothermal fluid samples obtained at ... Archaea. 2011: 1-9. doi:10.1155/2011/565127. ISSN 1472-3646. PMC 3227228. Ando, Susumu; Ishikawa, Kazuhiko; Ishida, Hiroyasu; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrococcus_horikoshii

... is a thermophilic and obligately autotrophic archaeon. Its type strain is MarburgT. Its genome ... Archaea. 2011: 23. doi:10.1155/2011/973848. ISSN 1472-3646. PMC 3087415. PMID 21559116. 973848. Vitt, Stella; Ma, Kesen; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanothermobacter_marburgensis

Archaea. 2017: 1-13. doi:10.1155/2017/2136287. PMC 5485487. PMID 28694737. Griebler, C.; Lueders, T. (2009). "Microbial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productivity_(ecology)

Archaea. 2014: 898453. doi:10.1155/2014/898453. PMC 3960522. PMID 24729742. "Zaida A. Luthey-Schulten". Chemistry Tree. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaida_Luthey-Schulten

nov., a methane-producing archaeon, the first isolate of the lineage 'Rice Cluster I', and proposal of the new archaeal order ... Blainey PC, Mosier AC, Potanina A, Francis CA, Quake SR (February 2011). "Genome of a low-salinity ammonia-oxidizing archaeon ... July 2006). "The genome of the square archaeon Haloquadratum walsbyi : life at the limits of water activity". BMC Genomics. 7: ... March 2010). Friedberg I (ed.). "The complete genome sequence of Haloferax volcanii DS2, a model archaeon". PLOS ONE. 5 (3): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequenced_archaeal_genomes

nov., novel haloalkaliphilic archaea from soda lakes in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China". International Journal of ... Kamekura, M.; Seno, Y.; Dyall-Smith, M. (1996-05-23). "Halolysin R4, a serine proteinase from the halophilic archaeon Haloferax ... nov., a novel extremely halophilic, aerobic, non-pigmented member of the Archaea from Egypt that produces extracellular poly( ... Archaea. 2013: 373275. doi:10.1155/2013/373275. ISSN 1472-3646. PMC 3787623. PMID 24151449. Kozlowski, Lukasz P. (2017-01-04 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrialba

During this process, methane forming microorganisms (methanogenic archaea or methanogens) release enzymes that reduce the ... Archaea. 2013: 157529. doi:10.1155/2013/157529. PMC 3806361. PMID 24194675. Article ID 157529. "Power-to-Gas Energy Storage - ... "Selective microbial electrosynthesis of methane by a pure culture of a marine lithoautotrophic archaeon". Bioelectrochemistry. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-to-gas

... one of the most common tetraether lipid in archaea. Archaeol has been found in all analyzed archaea so far, at least trace ... Archaeol is one of the main core membrane lipids of archaea, one of the three domains of life. One of the key features that ... Similar to archaea, these lipids are thought to increase the resistivity of bacteria to adverse environments. More stunning is ... The synthesis of IPP and DMAPP in archaea follows an alternate MVA pathway which differs from the classic MVA pathway in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeol

Archaea. 2011: 608385. doi:10.1155/2011/608385. PMC 3270539. PMID 22312317. Hein PP, Landick R (November 2010). "The bridge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amatoxin

Reed CJ, Lewis H, Trejo E, Winston V, Evilia C (2013). "Protein adaptations in archaeal extremophiles". Archaea. 2013: 373275. ... nov., a new barophilic and hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated under high hydrostatic pressure from a deep-sea hydrothermal ... November 2011). "UV-inducible DNA exchange in hyperthermophilic archaea mediated by type IV pili" (PDF). Molecular Microbiology ... Sulfolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius are hyperthermophilic archaea. Exposure of these organisms to the DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile

One study analyzed the Z curve for multiple species of Archaea and found that the oriC is located at a sharp peak on the curve ... Zhang R, Zhang CT (2005). "Identification of replication origins in archaeal genomes based on the Z-curve method". Archaea. 1 ( ... Zhang, Ren; Zhang, Chun-Ting (2002-09-20). "Single replication origin of the archaeon Methanosarcina mazei revealed by the Z ... Zhang, Ren; Zhang, Chun-Ting (2002-09-20). "Single replication origin of the archaeon Methanosarcina mazei revealed by the Z ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_curve

In 1977, archaea were first classified as a separate group of prokaryotes in the three-domain system of Carl Woese and George E ... Many archaea possess a rotating motility structure that at first seemed to resemble the bacterial and eukaryotic flagella. The ... Thomas NA, Mueller S, Klein A, Jarrell KF (November 2002). "Mutants in flaI and flaJ of the archaeon Methanococcus voltae are ... Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML (June 1990). "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaellum

With the exception of two halophilic archaea the DUF1608 domain is exclusive to the methanogenic Archaea of the order ... The first S-layers were discovered in bacteria in the 1950s and the presence of S-layers in many Archaea was determined through ... The S-layer, which is found in most Archaea, and in many bacteria, serves many crucial functions including protection from ... Archaea. 2012: 1-10. doi:10.1155/2012/873589. PMC 3361143. PMID 22666082. 873589. Arbing MA, Chan S, Shin A, Phan T, Ahn CJ, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanosarcinales_S-layer_Tile_Protein

The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-98771-2. ... Archaea. 2010: 690737. doi:10.1155/2010/690737. PMC 3017947. PMID 21234345. Boone, DR (2001). "Genus IV. Methanohalophilus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanohalophilus

... and the Unique Energy Metabolism of Methanogenic Archaea". Archaea. 2010: 1-14. doi:10.1155/2010/453642. ISSN 1472-3646. PMC ... Srinivasan, G; James, C. M.; Krzycki, J. A. (2002-05-24). "Pyrrolysine encoded by UAG in Archaea: charging of a UAG-decoding ... By contrast, in methanogenic archaea it was not possible to identify any unambiguous UAG stop signal. Because there was only ... The occurrence in Desulfitobacterium is of special interest, because bacteria and archaea are separate domains in the three- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrolysine

In bacteria and archaea, these enzymes include methionine synthase, ribonucleotide reductase, glutamate and methylmalonyl-CoA ... Cobalamin biosynthesis is the process by which bacteria and archea make cobalamin, vitamin B12. Many steps are involved in ... Archaea. 1 (6): 375-384. doi:10.1155/2005/903614. PMC 2685584. PMID 16243778. R. Caspi (2007-04-23). "Pathway: ... an amidohydrolase enzyme required for salvaging the coenzyme B12 precursor cobinamide in archaea". Proceedings of the National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalamin_biosynthesis

Hook, Sarah; McBride, Brian (December 2010). "Methanogens: Methane Producers of the Rumen and Mitigation Strategies". Archaea. ... unusual for archaea, but common for bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts) along with an A-type ATPase. The fusaro strain of ... Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 1-15, doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00519, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanosarcina_barkeri

Pages in category "Archaea". The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Archaea&oldid=766848270" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Archaea

Archea (common misspelling). Etymology[edit]. From Ancient Greek ἀρχαῖα (arkhaîa, "ancient"), neuter plural of ἀρχαῖος ( ... Archaea at the Tree of Life Web Project. References[edit]. *↑ 1.0 1.1 Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T, ... Archaea. *Single-celled organisms lacking nuclei, formerly called archaebacteria, but now known to differ fundamentally from ... Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Archaea&oldid=48382434" ...

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Archaea

Archaea publishes original research articles as well as review articles dealing with all aspects of archaea, providing a unique ... Archaea publishes original research articles as well as review articles dealing with all aspects of archaea, providing a unique ... Archaea maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by ... This study is aimed at screening 33 halophilic archaea isolated from three enrichment cultures from Tunisian hypersaline lake, ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/archaea/

... There are no movies to show in Archaea. You might want to try its parent group, Life on Earth. ...

http://tolweb.org/movies/Archaea/4

The word archaea means ancient or primitive. In some classification systems, the archaea constitute one of three great ... Archaea, any of a group of single-celled prokaryotic organisms with distinct molecular characteristics separating them from ... archaea, (domain Archaea), any of a group of single-celled prokaryotic organisms (that is, organisms whose cells lack a defined ... Habitats of the archaea. Archaea are microorganisms that define the limits of life on Earth. They were originally discovered ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/archaea

SEAS researchers have found that these pink-hued archaea -- called [I]Halobacterium salinarum[/I] -- use the same mechanisms to ... SEAS researchers have found that these pink-hued archaea -- called Halobacterium salinarum -- use the same mechanisms to ... Archaea (image). Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences ...

https://eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/159515.php?from=380455

The archaea in the genus Pyrodictium thrive in the temperature range of 80 to 110 °C (176 to 230 °F), temperatures at which the ... The archaea in the genus Pyrodictium thrive in the temperature range of 80 to 110 °C (176 to 230 °F), temperatures at which the ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/Pyrodictium

Archaea Archaea. Archaea are nowadays known as the third domain of life. Before 1970 archaea were thought to belong to the ... These archaea were grouped into the new archaeal superphylum Asgard archaea. This phylum contains Thor-, Odin-, Helmdall- and ... Archaea. Since then more and more data accumulated which show that Archaea indeed belong to a separate domain. ... Halophilic archaea are generally easy to grow in the lab. Haloferax can also be genetically manipulated and we can use CRISPRi ...

https://www.uni-ulm.de/nawi/nawi-molbot/research/anita-marchfelder/research-projects/archaea/

Summons a Demonic Circle for 15 min. Cast Demonic Circle: Teleport to teleport to its location and remove all movement slowing effects. You also learn: Demonic Circle: Teleport Teleports you to your Demonic Circle and removes all movement slowing effects ...

https://worldofwarcraft.com/en-us/character/eitrigg/Archaeon

Archaea represent a third domain of life with unique properties not found in the other domains. Archaea actively compete for ... Archaea represent a third domain of life with unique properties not found in the other domains. Archaea actively compete for ... Biocommunication of Archaea. Editors. * Guenther Witzany Copyright. 2017. Publisher. Springer International Publishing. ... This allows archaea to coordinate appropriate response behaviors in a differentiated manner to their current developmental ...

https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319655352

There are four general phenotypic groups of archaea: the methanogens, the extreme halophiles, the sulfate-reducing archaea, and ... Archaea (archaebacteria) are a phenotypically diverse group of microorganisms that share a common evolutionary history. ... Phylogenetic and nucleotide signature analyses of these cloned rDNAs revealed the presence of two lineages of archaea, each ... The abundance and distribution of these archaea in oxic coastal surface waters suggests that these microorganisms represent ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/89/12/5685?ijkey=486ef4b919ae8e72189896ad6a1d682798863f01&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... and other species of archaea fix carbon, but unlike plants and cyanobacteria, no known species of archaea does both. Archaea ... Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have very different shapes, such as the ... Archaea are particularly numerous in the oceans, and the archaea in plankton may be one of the most abundant groups of ... In some archaea, the lipid bilayer is replaced by a monolayer. In effect, the archaea fuse the tails of two phospholipid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea

TYW3_archaea (MF_00266). Accession MF_00266 Integration. tRNA(Phe) 7-((3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-4-demethylwyosine(37)-N(4))- ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/ISignatureOverview?sig=MF_00266&query=Q

Decarboxylase MfnA, archaea (IPR020931). Short name: MfnA Overlapping homologous superfamilies *Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR020931

Many Archaea live in places where no light ever penetrates: deep inside the rock or ice or the oceanic floor. Some Archaea are ... But the other large group - the Third Domain: Archaea - eluded us thus far. After all, Archaea are notoriously difficult to ... Do Archaea have clocks? We did not know. Until now. A couple of weeks ago, PLoS ONE published a paper that is the first to ... Once we know there is a clock in Archaea - and now we do due to this paper - we can start studying it in detail. ...

https://scienceblogs.com/clock/2009/05/28/yes-archaea-also-have-circadia

Published since 2002, Archaea provides a unique venue for exchanging information about these extraordinary prokaryotes. Archaea ... Open Access journal that publishes original research articles as well as review articles dealing with all aspects of archaea, ... To receive news and publication updates for Archaea, enter your email address in the box below. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/archaea/biblio/

Arogalea archaea is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Mexico (Guerrero). The wingspan is about 13 mm. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arogalea_archaea

Archea (Archaea, z řec. ἀρχαῖα, archaia - starobylý[1]), jednotné číslo archeon či v latinizované podobě archeum[pozn. 2], ... Zde mohou právě archea sloužit k produkci bioplynu.[162] V hornictví možná najdou své místo archea, která jsou schopná ... Archea se rozmnožují výhradně nepohlavně, a to binárním dělením, fragmentací či pučením. Všichni potomci jednoho archea mají ... Na Zemi se archea objevila již před 3,5 miliardami let. Ačkoliv se mnohá archea vyskytují v pestrém spektru různých prostředí, ...

https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archea

... scientifically known as Archaea in the Encyclopedia of Life. Includes Overview; Brief Summary; Comprehensive D... ... Archaea resemble normal bacteria, but are very different internally. They can live under extreme conditions: there are archaea ... Microbes consume methane: ANME-1 and ANME-2 Archaea The metabolism of ANME-1 and ANME-2 Archaea allows survival in anoxic ... Proteins function in saline environments: archea Proteins of halophilic archea resist the denaturing effect of highly saline ...

http://eol.org/pages/7920/details

Roman and Medieval periods in the Netherlands at Archeon. Youll learn everything about the daily lives of people living ... Accommodations near Archeon. You can spend the night at several holiday parks near Archeon. Many holiday parks are located by ... Archeon is a unique experience, especially for younger visitors. You will not experience a single dull moment in this ancient ... As you walk through Archeon youll learn everything about the daily life of people who lived hundreds of year ago. You will ...

https://www.holland.com/global/tourism/destinations/provinces/south-holland/archeon.htm

"myoviridae"[MeSH Terms] OR "myoviridae"[All Fields]) AND ("archaea"[MeSH Terms] OR "archaea"[All Fields]). Search. ... Utilization of virus φCh1 elements to establish a shuttle vector system for Halo(alkali)philic Archaea via transformation of ... Utilization of virus φCh1 elements to establish a shuttle vector system for Halo(alkali)philic Archaea via transformation of ... Evaluation of the genomic diversity of viruses infecting bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes using a common bioinformatic platform ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Myoviridae+archaea

The Archaea (/ɑːrˈkiːə/ (. listen) or /ɑːrˈkeɪə/ ar-KEE-ə or ar-KAY-ə) constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms. ... Most archaea (but not Thermoplasma and Ferroplasma) possess a cell wall.[92] In most archaea the wall is assembled from surface ... Biocommunication of Archaea. Springer, Switzerland, ISBN 978-3-319-65535-2. *^ Eckburg P; Lepp P; Relman D (2003). "Archaea and ... These microbes (archaea; singular archaeon) are prokaryotes, meaning they have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea

bosanski: Archaea. български: Археи. català: Arqueobacteri. čeština: Archea. Cymraeg: Archaea. dansk: Archaea. Deutsch: ... hrvatski: Archaea. íslenska: Forngerlar. italiano: Archaea. עברית: חיידקים קדומים. Kapampangan: Archaea. Kiswahili: Archaea. ... Tagalog: Archaea. தமிழ்: ஆர்க்கீயா. ไทย: อาร์เคีย. Tiếng Việt: Vi khuẩn cổ. Türkçe: Arkea. українська: Археї. Winaray: Archaea ... asturianu: Archaea. azərbaycanca: Arxeya. Bahasa Indonesia: Archaea. Bahasa Melayu: Arkea. বাংলা: আর্কিয়া. Bân-lâm-gú: Kó͘- ...

https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Archaea

Find archaea bacteria articles , the worlds largest environmental industry marketplace and information resource. ... archaea bacteria Articles. * Rich microbial communities inhabit water treatment biofilters and are differentially affected by ... CRISPR is a ubiquitous family of clustered repetitive DNA elements present in 90% of Archaea and 40% of sequenced Bacteria. ... Abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria on biological activated carbon in a pilot-scale drinking ...

https://www.environmental-expert.com/articles/keyword-archaea-bacteria-97828

Consequently, the research of Archaea in general and hyperthermophiles in particular has entered a new phase, with many ... Molecular biology of hyperthermophilic Archaea Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 1998;61:87-115. doi: 10.1007/BFb0102290. ... An overview is given of recent insight in the molecular biology of hyperthermophilic Archaea, as well as of a number of ... Such systems would allow the application of this class of Archaea as so-called "cell factories": (i) expression of certain ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9670798/?dopt=Abstract

We have used two independent methods to determine the genome copy number in halophilic archaea, 1) cell lysis … ... Regulated polyploidy in halophilic archaea PLoS One. 2006 Dec 20;1(1):e92. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000092. ... We have used two independent methods to determine the genome copy number in halophilic archaea, 1) cell lysis in agarose blocks ... Our results indicate that polyploidy might be more widespread in archaea (or even prokaryotes in general) than previously ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17183724/?dopt=Abstract

Similar Decks to Archeon Tarot. Theme: Dark & Gothic Category: Available Decks More About These Cards. Name: Archeon Tarot. ... Archeon Tarot. The Archeon Tarot features a mix of traditional and non-traditional imagery in dream-like digital collage, ... The Archeon Tarot by Timothy Lantz could have been Pauls subject. The glowing, swirling images are dark, a bit mottled, and ... Archeon Tarot review by Dionysius S. Badarian. Paul of Tarsus, the persecutor of Christians, later convert, apostle, and saint ...

http://www.aeclectic.net/tarot/cards/archeon/

Tag: archaea. Atheism Cell biology Evolution Intelligent Design theism Archaea discoverer Carl Woeses theological reflections ... Archeon life form eats fragments of meteorites. At ScienceAlerts: This particular mineral connoisseur loves to dine on far more ... Its a good question whether Woese would have recognized the Archaea for what they were, had he not been in the habit of ... The slingshot of life? According to this version of the tale, the eukaryotes are descended from the Asgard archaea. ...

https://uncommondescent.com/tag/archaea/

High abundance of Archaea in Antarctic marine picoplankton.. DeLong EF1, Wu KY, Prézelin BB, Jovine RV. ... Pelagic Archaea constituted up to 34% of the prokaryotic biomass in coastal Antarctic surface waters, and they were also ... Archaea (archaebacteria) constitute one of the three major evolutionary lineages of life on Earth. Previously these prokaryotes ... Recently, novel (uncultivated) phylotypes of Archaea have been detected in coastal and subsurface marine waters, but their ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7935813?dopt=Abstract

However, Archaea are resistant to many of the antibiotics routinely used for selection in the Bacteria, and a number of ... strategies specific to the Archaea have been developed. In addition, examples utilizing the genetic systems developed for each ... Updated clusters of orthologous genes for Archaea - Biology Direct From www. .biology-direct. .com - December 28, 2012 10:49 AM ... Microbes known as archaea are as distinct from bacteria as plants and animals are, they wrote in a published paper.. ...

https://www.scoop.it/t/the-archaea/p/3101883593/2012/10/26/overview-of-the-genetic-tools-in-the-archaea

Archaea publishes original research articles as well as review articles dealing with all aspects of archaea, providing a unique venue for exchanging information about these extraordinary prokaryotes. (hindawi.com)
archaea , (domain Archaea), any of a group of single-celled prokaryotic organisms (that is, organisms whose cells lack a defined nucleus ) that have distinct molecular characteristics separating them from bacteria (the other, more prominent group of prokaryotes) as well as from eukaryotes (organisms, including plants and animals , whose cells contain a defined nucleus). (britannica.com)
These names were subsequently changed to bacteria and archaea (the archaea being distinctly different from bacteria), but Woese's splitting of the prokaryotes into two groups has remained, and all living organisms are now considered by many biologists to fall into one of three great domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. (britannica.com)
singular archaeon ) are prokaryotes , meaning they have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells. (wikipedia.org)
Our results indicate that polyploidy might be more widespread in archaea (or even prokaryotes in general) than previously assumed. (nih.gov)
Respiration in Archaea and Bacteria summarizes the achievements of the past decade in the biochemistry, bioenergetics, structural and molecular biology of respiratory processes in selected groups of prokaryotes. (environmental-expert.com)
Acetate and acetyl-CoA play fundamental roles in all of biology, including anaerobic prokaryotes from the domains Bacteria and Archaea , which compose an estimated quarter of all living protoplasm in Earth's biosphere. (mdpi.com)
He noticed that the sequencing of the prokaryotes were a distinct form of life in itself- he called them archaea. (wikibooks.org)
This transformed the previous 5-kingdom system (plantae, animalia, fungi, protists, and prokaryotes) drawn by Lynn Margulis into 3 equally distinct groups (bacteria, archaea, and eukarya). (wikibooks.org)
Archaea are a class of prokaryotes. (wikibooks.org)
Archaea are similar to other prokaryotes in most aspects of cell structure and metabolism. (wikibooks.org)
Bacteria and archaea are the only prokaryotes. (waterindustry.org)
Archaea are single-celled organisms that do not have cell nuclei, which makes them prokaryotes-until recently, they were thought to be a form of bacteria. (phys.org)
Although probable prokaryotic cell fossils date to almost 3.5 billion years ago, most prokaryotes do not have distinctive morphologies and fossil shapes cannot be used to identify them as Archaea . (primidi.com)
Unlike members of the domain Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes . (coursehero.com)
Woese and Fox's 1977 paper on the discovery of the Archaea triggered a revolution in the field of evolutionary biology by showing that life was divided into not only prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (diva-portal.org)
Rather, they revealed that prokaryotes comprise two distinct types of organisms, the Bacteria and the Archaea. (diva-portal.org)
Ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) are one of the most abundant prokaryotes in the ocean and span diverse oceanic provinces. (washington.edu)

Although many of the cultured archaea are extremophiles , these organisms in their respective extreme habitats represent only a minority of the total diversity of the Archaea domain. (britannica.com)
Currently these archaea could not be cultivated in the laboratory, only the genomes of these organisms could be assembled from the metagenomic sequences. (uni-ulm.de)
These highly diverse competences show us that this is possible owing to sign(aling)- mediated communication processes within archaeal cells (intra-organismic), between the same, related and different archaeal species (interorganismic), and between archaea and nonarchaeal organisms (transorganismic). (springer.com)
singular archaeon /ɑːrˈkiːən/) constitute a domain of single-celled organisms. (wikipedia.org)
The first observed archaea were extremophiles, living in extreme environments, such as hot springs and salt lakes with no other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Archaea are particularly numerous in the oceans, and the archaea in plankton may be one of the most abundant groups of organisms on the planet. (wikipedia.org)
The word archaea comes from the Ancient Greek ἀρχαῖα, meaning "ancient things", as the first representatives of the domain Archaea were methanogens and it was assumed that their metabolism reflected Earth's primitive atmosphere and the organisms' antiquity, but as new habitats were studied, more organisms were discovered. (wikipedia.org)
Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. (wikimedia.org)
Archaea are simple single-celled organisms that comprise one of the three domains of life on Earth. (newswise.com)
More generally, the prevalence of unlinked rRNA genes in poorly-studied taxa serves as a reminder that paradigms derived from model organisms do not necessarily extend to the broader diversity of bacteria and archaea. (nature.com)
Howland normally specializes in biochemistry and how organisms attain energy, but was interested in writing something for a general, rather than scholarly audience, and he decided the Archaea were the right topic. (bowdoin.edu)
Because of the Archaea s ability to live in environments hostile to most forms of life, they could one day supply enzymes capable of working in the same conditions in which the organisms live. (bowdoin.edu)
But there is a purer reason to study the Archaea for the knowledge they will bring about how they survive in seemingly hostile environments, and for the knowledge they will lead to about evolutionary history and the organisms that inhabited the earth long ago. (bowdoin.edu)
Archaea and bacteria are single celled prokaryotic organisms. (khanacademy.org)
The three domains include diverse life forms such as the Eukarya (organisms, including humans, yeast, and plants, whose cells have a DNA-containing nucleus) as well as Bacteria and Archaea (two distinct groups of unicellular microorganisms whose DNA floats around in the cell instead of in a nucleus). (wordnik.com)
He says: The micro-organisms in the Dead Sea water mainly belong to the domain Archaea and they number around 1,000-10,000 per ml much lower than regular sea water. (wordnik.com)
Researchers have reported the first experimental evidence of epigenetics in the single-celled organisms known as archaea. (nsf.gov)
Dridi B, Raoult D and Drancourt M 2011 Archaea as emerging organisms in complex human microbiomes. (springer.com)
The organisms he revealed -- the archaea -- are fascinating and abundant creatures, yet are hardly ever discussed in depth, even within the confines of microbiology classes. (scientificamerican.com)
Eukaryotes are organisms that have DNA in the form of chromosomes in a nucleus-they include all known living things except eubactearia and archaea. (phys.org)
Woese argued that the bacteria , archaea, and eukaryotes represent separate lines of descent that diverged early on from an ancestral colony of organisms. (primidi.com)
It is possible that the last common ancestor of the bacteria and archaea was a thermophile, which raises the possibility that lower temperatures are "extreme environments" in archaeal terms, and organisms that live in cooler environments appeared only later. (primidi.com)
The two prokaryotic domains, Bacteria and Archaea, contain diverse single-celled organisms that exhibit a wide variety of metabolic abilities. (coursehero.com)
The genome sequence helped to further establish the validity of the Archaea through the finding of similarities to higher eukaryotic organisms and differences from Bacteria. (wikipedia.org)

Archaea (archaebacteria) are a phenotypically diverse group of microorganisms that share a common evolutionary history. (pnas.org)
Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), but this term has fallen out of use. (wikipedia.org)
Archaea were initially classified as bacteria , receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), but this classification is outdated. (wikipedia.org)
Archaea (archaebacteria) constitute one of the three major evolutionary lineages of life on Earth. (nih.gov)

Despite this morphological similarity to bacteria, archaea possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably for the enzymes involved in transcription and translation. (wikipedia.org)
Archaea use more energy sources than eukaryotes: these range from organic compounds, such as sugars, to ammonia, metal ions or even hydrogen gas. (wikipedia.org)
The researchers who discovered this, Woese and his colleagues, proposed the addition of the "domain" as a taxonomic level above that of kingdom, with all life classified within one of three domains, now called Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Archaea. (eol.org)
Evaluation of the genomic diversity of viruses infecting bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes using a common bioinformatic platform: steps towards a unified taxonomy. (nih.gov)
According to this version of the tale, the eukaryotes are descended from the Asgard archaea. (uncommondescent.com)
Although found in every type of environment, including the human body, archaea are poorly understood compared to the other two domains: bacteria and eukaryotes, which include mammals such as humans. (newswise.com)
The three primary divisions of life now comprise the familiar bacteria and eukaryotes, along with the Archaea . (wordnik.com)
Whereas both bacteria and archaea lack a nuclear envelope and membrane-bound organelles, archaea and eukaryotes have similarities beyond those seen between bacteria and eukaryotic cells. (cliffsnotes.com)
Bacteria have only a single kind of RNA polymerase, whereas archaea and eukaryotes have several kinds. (cliffsnotes.com)
The simplicity of archaea -- combined with the fact that their cells resemble eukaryotes' in some important ways -- may allow researchers to investigate epigenetic questions in humans much faster and more easily than was possible before, the authors say. (nsf.gov)
Genetic work places archaea closer than bacteria to eukaryotes, but biochemically and morphologically, archaea are closer to bacteria than to eukaryotes. (natureasia.com)
[1] Woese argued that the bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes each represent a primary line of descent that diverged early on from an ancestral progenote with poorly developed genetic machinery. (wikibooks.org)
Archaea are evolutionarily more related to eukaryotes than they are to eubacteria, even though eubacteria and archaea are both prokaryotic groups. (wikibooks.org)
Both bacteria and eukaryotes have membranes composed mainly of glycerol-ester lipids, whereas archaea have membranes composed of glycerol-ether lipids. (wikibooks.org)
Millions of years later, the ancestors of today's eukaryotes split off from the archaea. (waterindustry.org)
Over the past several years, researchers have been studying the relationship between eukaryotes and Archaea and the Archaeal tree and have discovered that there is a superphylum called Asgard. (phys.org)
Their study did not clear up the evolutionary relationship between Asgard archaea and eukaryotes, however. (phys.org)
But the team did find support for the idea that eukaryotes should be thought of as a sister group or as a higher branch of eukaryotes as ancestors with the archaea group. (phys.org)
Expanded diversity of Asgard archaea and their relationships with eukaryotes, Nature (2021). (phys.org)
Since the Archaea and Bacteria are no more related to each other than they are to eukaryotes, the term prokaryote' s only surviving meaning is "not a eukaryote", limiting its value. (primidi.com)
In subsequent years, molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that eukaryotes and the Archaea represent sister groups in the tree of life. (diva-portal.org)
Although it has been generally accepted for some time that mitochondria descend from endosymbiotic alphaproteobacteria, the precise evolutionary relationship between eukaryotes and archaea has continued to be a subject of debate. (diva-portal.org)

Before 1970 archaea were thought to belong to the domain bacteria, since archaeal cells have similar sizes as bacterial cells and like bacteria possess neither a nucleus nor cell organelles. (uni-ulm.de)
These archaea were grouped into the new archaeal superphylum Asgard archaea. (uni-ulm.de)
Such systems would allow the application of this class of Archaea as so-called "cell factories": (i) expression of certain archaeal enzymes for which no suitable conventional (mesophilic bacterial or eukaryal) systems are available, (ii) selection for thermostable variants of potentially interesting enzymes from mesophilic origin, and (iii) the development of in vivo production systems by metabolic engineering. (nih.gov)
Also, here's a 2017 Abstract from Nature, noting that "Our results expand the known repertoire of 'eukaryote-specific' proteins in Archaea, indicating that the archaeal host cell already contained many key components that govern eukaryotic cellular complexity. (uncommondescent.com)
Although N-glycosylation was first reported in archaea almost 40 years ago, detailed insights into this process have become possible only recently, with the availability of complete genome sequences for almost 200 archaeal species and the development of appropriate molecular tools. (scoop.it)
As a result of these advances, recent efforts have not only succeeded in delineating the pathways involved in archaeal N-glycosylation, but also begun to reveal how such post-translational protein modification helps archaea to survive in some of the harshest environments on the planet. (scoop.it)
However, the archaeal communities in these soils also contained other methanogenic archaea at high temperature. (ingentaconnect.com)
Many surface structures in archaea including various types of pili and the archaellum (archaeal flagellum) are homologous to bacterial type IV pili systems (T4P). (frontiersin.org)
We propose a scenario where methanogenesis is possibly the most ancient energetic metabolism in the Archaea, and was lost many times independently during archaeal evolution or evolved into methanotrophy and short-chain alkane oxidation," Borrel and Gribaldo said. (phys.org)
While the signal transduction system is conserved throughout archaea and bacteria, the archaeal flagellar apparatus is different from the bacterial one. (sciencechatforum.com)
The proteins constituting the flagellar motor and its switch in archaea have not yet been identified, and the connection between the bacterial-like chemotaxis signal transduction system and the archaeal motility apparatus is unknown. (sciencechatforum.com)

But nowadays it is known that archaea also constitute a big part of the biomass in 'normal' environments. (uni-ulm.de)
Archaea in coastal marine environments. (pnas.org)
The abundance and distribution of these archaea in oxic coastal surface waters suggests that these microorganisms represent undescribed physiological types of archaea, which reside and compete with aerobic, mesophilic eubacteria in marine coastal environments. (pnas.org)
For a long time, archaea were seen as extremophiles that exist only in extreme habitats such as hot springs and salt lakes, but by the end of the 20th century, archaea had been identified in non-extreme environments as well. (wikipedia.org)
After all, Archaea are notoriously difficult to culture in the laboratory and it took some time to figure out how to keep them alive outside of their natural extreme environments. (scienceblogs.com)
Archaea were initially viewed as extremophiles living in harsh environments, such as hot springs and salt lakes , but they have since been found in a broad range of habitats , including soils, oceans, and marshlands . (wikipedia.org)
Archaea were first found in extreme environments, such as volcanic hot springs . (wikipedia.org)
Pelagic Archaea constituted up to 34% of the prokaryotic biomass in coastal Antarctic surface waters, and they were also abundant in a variety of other cold, pelagic marine environments. (nih.gov)
Earth's climate has calmed down since then, so today, archaea are found in some of the world's most extreme environments, in underwater hydrothermal vents, in oil wells, in volcanic hot springs, even acidic mine drainage. (khanacademy.org)
Many strains of archaea are capable of living in environments with high salt concentrations, and others are able to produce methane, but only a few can do both. (uncommondescent.com)
The two strains-part of a class the authors named "Methanonatronarchaeia"-appear to be most closely related to the Halobacteria, a class of archaea found in salt-rich environments worldwide. (uncommondescent.com)
Other extremophile Archaea love to live in very salty, called hypersaline, environments. (windows2universe.org)
They are strictly anaerobic archaea and occupy a wide variety of anoxic environments. (foyles.co.uk)
Archaea represent the third domain of life, evolutionarily distinct from the Eukarya and Bacteria, and were previously thought to inhabit mostly extreme environments ( 11 ). (pnas.org)
Interactions between hyperthermophilic archaea and minerals occur in hydrothermal deep-ea vents, one of the most extreme environments for life on Earth. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Extremely halophilic archaea are a diverse group of euryarchaeota that inhabit hypersaline environments (3-5 M) such as salt lakes, salt ponds, and marine salterns. (springer.com)

Compared to other extremophiles, halophilic archaea are considered as cell factories for PHB production by using renewable, inexpensive carbon sources, thus decreasing the fermentation cost. (hindawi.com)
This study is aimed at screening 33 halophilic archaea isolated from three enrichment cultures from Tunisian hypersaline lake, Chott El Jerid, using starch as the sole carbon source by Nile Red/Sudan Black staining and further confirmed by PCR amplification of phaC and phaE polymerase genes. (hindawi.com)
We are working with halophilic archaea ( Haloferax volcanii , Halorubrum lacusprofundi and Natrialba magadii ), which require a lot of salt to grow. (uni-ulm.de)
Halophilic archaea are generally easy to grow in the lab. (uni-ulm.de)
Extreme halophilic and hyperthermophilic microbes were also included in Archaea. (wikipedia.org)
We have used two independent methods to determine the genome copy number in halophilic archaea, 1) cell lysis in agarose blocks and Southern blot analysis, and 2) Real-Time quantitative PCR. (nih.gov)
They also found genomic evidence that this class of archaea copes with high salt concentrations by transporting potassium ions into their cells, rather than by excluding salt, behavior that is more similar to halophilic archaea than to other methanogens. (uncommondescent.com)
Opsin-Mediated Inhibition of Bacterioruberin Synthesis in Halophilic Archaea. (harvard.edu)
In spite of their common hypersaline environment, halophilic archaea are surprisingly different in their nutritional demands and metabolic pathways. (springer.com)
The comparative study reveals different sets of enzyme genes amongst halophilic archaea, e.g. in glycerol degradation, pentose metabolism, and folate synthesis. (springer.com)
The metabolic diversity of halophilic archaea has not yet been investigated at the genomic level by metabolic reconstruction and comparative analysis. (springer.com)
In early work (1980's), he discovered mobile genetic elements in halophilic Archaea, while a graduate student with H. Gobind Khorana (Nobel laureate) and Uttam L. RajBhandary at MIT. (wikipedia.org)
Post-genomic research in his laboratory established the core and signature proteins in halophilic Archaea, and the function of many genes and genetic elements, including multiple replication origins, general transcription factors, and DNA repair systems. (wikipedia.org)
DasSarma proposed that retinal pigments originally discovered in halophilic Archaea may have predated chlorophyll pigments in the early earth, named the "Purple Earth" hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
Snapshot of a Large Dynamic Replicon in a Halophilic Archaeon: Megaplasmid or Minichromosome? (wikipedia.org)

Archaea are microorganisms that define the limits of life on Earth. (britannica.com)
Archaea is a group of single-celled microorganisms that come in a variety of shapes and survive extreme conditions. (reference.com)
Various groups of microorganisms - bacteria, archaea, algae and even fungi - have adapted to a life in a hypersaline environment. (environmental-expert.com)
Archaea , now a star of modern biology, weren t even discovered until the 1970s, and John Howland is hoping to make more people aware of this group of microorganisms with amazing abilities. (bowdoin.edu)
In contrast, microorganisms from the domain Archaea are ubiquitous and often abundant in the ocean ( 8 - 10 ), but their biogeochemical role remains unclear. (pnas.org)
Archaea are a branch of the three-domain system of life that contains single-celled microorganisms. (wikibooks.org)
singular archaeon ) constitute a domain or kinrick o single-celled microorganisms . (wikipedia.org)

Other Archaea species are not extremophiles and live in ordinary temperatures and salinities. (windows2universe.org)
These types of archaea are often labeled "extremophiles," meaning creatures that love extreme conditions. (waterindustry.org)
Not all the archaea are extremophiles. (waterindustry.org)

Archaea is one of the three domains of life (the other two being bacteria and eukarya ). (conservapedia.com)
How many times did the molecular characters that define Woese's three domains [Bacteria, Archaea , Eukarya] evolve? (wordnik.com)
archaea and eukarya lack this polymer. (cliffsnotes.com)
While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. (harvard.edu)
Eukarya and archaea are noted to have many similarities especially in regards to metabolic pathways. (wikibooks.org)
For example, enzymes present in transcription and translation of archaea are more closely related to those of Eukarya than bacteria. (wikibooks.org)
The relationship between archaea and Eukarya remains an important problem. (wikibooks.org)
The information, Inskeep added, could also help in the search for a last common ancestor between Archaea and Eukarya. (phys.org)

In this study, we simultaneously investigated the community structure and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the Grand Canal (the Zhenjiang section). (environmental-expert.com)
The results "suggest that ammonia-oxidizing archaea likely play an important role in N 2 O production in the near-surface ocean," the researchers write. (acs.org)
Here, we report molecular evidence for the widespread presence of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in marine water columns and sediments. (pnas.org)

Cell surface proteins of hyperthermophilic Archaea actively participate in intercellular communication, cellular uptake, and energy conversion to sustain survival strategies in extreme habitats. (scoop.it)
In spite of this, knowledge on glycosylation of proteins other than S-layer proteins in Archaea is quite limited. (scoop.it)
Introns and DNA-associated histone proteins-a defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells-are absent (histones) or rarely seen (introns) in bacteria but are present in some archaea species. (cliffsnotes.com)
The team also found evidence of eukaryotic signatures proteins in the Asgard archaea. (phys.org)
When the researchers attempted to trace consumption of Archaea through lipid types and other mechanisms, they failed because the chemicals and proteins broke down within the worms. (underwatertimes.com)
The two winged-helix domains are located at both ends of the coiled coil, with putative DNA-recognition helices separated by approximately 34 A. A structural homology search indicated that the winged-helix domain shared a high level of homology with those found in B-DNA- or Z-DNA-binding proteins from various species, including archaea, bacteria, and human, despite a low level of sequence similarity. (rcsb.org)

Further molecular analysis has shown that domain Archaea consists of two major subdivisions, the Crenarchaeota and the Euryarchaeota , and one minor ancient lineage, the Korarchaeota . (britannica.com)
As of 2010 more than 250 species of Archaea had been described, most fitting into one of two groups, Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. (eol.org)
The three types of archaea are the crenarchaeota, the euryarchaeota and the korarchaeota. (reference.com)
Nonextremophilic archaea (Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota) are now recognized to be widespread in the ocean ( 12 , 13 ), but our current understanding of their physiology and biogeochemical function remains largely speculative. (pnas.org)

The domain Archaea is subdivided into different phyla: Euryarchaeota, TACK (containing Thaum-, Aig-, Cren- and Korarchaeota) and Asgard archaea. (uni-ulm.de)

Archaea - at that time only the methanogens were known - were first classified separately from bacteria in 1977 by Carl Woese and George E. Fox based on their ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. (wikipedia.org)
It's a good question whether Woese would have recognized the Archaea for what they were, had he not been in the habit of thinking for himself. (uncommondescent.com)
Among several other accomplishments, Woese has been celebrated for the discovery of the domain Archaea and for establishing rRNA as the 'Rosetta Stone' of evolutionary and environmental microbiology. (scoop.it)
and thank you to the late, great Carl Woese , for my post about both -- Archaea Are More Wonderful Than You Know -- was a finalist in the Best Biology Post category in this year's ScienceSeeker Blog Awards . (scientificamerican.com)
If you are interested in learning more about Woese and Archaea, I encourage you to listen to this Woese-themed This Week in Microbiology podcast featuring Vincent Racaniello, Michael Schmidt, and Stanley Maloy (start listening about 3:55 to skip the San Diego weather report). (scientificamerican.com)
The archaea, as it happens, were only discovered comparatively recently and identified by the decidedly non-Darwinian Carl Woese. (uncommondescent.com)
He also showed that transcriptional promoters in Archaea were different from those in common Bacteria, which contributed to the acceptance of the three Domain view of evolution proposed by Carl Woese. (wikipedia.org)

There are four general phenotypic groups of archaea: the methanogens, the extreme halophiles, the sulfate-reducing archaea, and the extreme thermophiles. (pnas.org)
Methanogens are also used in biogas production and sewage treatment, and biotechnology exploits enzymes from extremophile archaea that can endure high temperatures and organic solvents. (wikipedia.org)
One key group of the archaea are the methanogens. (khanacademy.org)
However, these archaea became abundant upon incubation of the soil at 45°C. Thermophilic RC-I methanogens were also found in the rice field soils from Pavia, Pila and Gapan. (ingentaconnect.com)

What Are the Three Types of Archaea? (reference.com)
To answer this, the researchers performed a laboratory study during which they fed two types of Archaea to the worms, as well as meals of bacteria, spinach or rice, and the worms thrived on all of the food sources, growing at the same rate. (underwatertimes.com)
I give them the worksheet with the types of Archaea and a brief definition first. (teacherspayteachers.com)
They need to put the word "Archaea" in the center and then branch off the 6 types of Archaea from there. (teacherspayteachers.com)

The Gordon Research Seminar on Archaea: Ecology, Metabolism and Molecular Biology is a unique forum for graduate students, post-docs, and other scientists with comparable levels of experience and education to present and exchange new data and cutting-edge ideas. (grc.org)
For the second time in its history, the Gordon Research Conference on Archaea: Ecology, Metabolism and Molecular Biology, will be accompanied by a Gordon Research Seminar, a specific platform aimed at early-career scientists. (grc.org)
This GRS will be held in conjunction with the "Archaea: Ecology, Metabolism and Molecular Biology" Gordon Research Conference (GRC). (grc.org)

Diversity and ubiquity of thermophilic methanogenic archaea in te. (ingentaconnect.com)
Among these is the formation of isoleucine via the pyruvate pathway, which, based on 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance labeling studies ( 7-9 , 15 ), is the major pathway for isoleucine formation in many species of methanogenic archaea. (asm.org)

SEAS researchers have found that these pink-hued archaea -- called Halobacterium salinarum -- use the same mechanisms to maintain size as bacteria and eukaryotic life, indicting that cellular division strategy may be shared across all domains of life. (eurekalert.org)

Culture-independent studies have shown that archaea are abundant and fulfill important ecological roles in cold and temperate ecosystems. (britannica.com)
Because they can make up a significant fraction of picoplankton biomass in the vast habitats encompassed by cold and deep marine waters, these pelagic Archaea represent an unexpectedly abundant component of the Earth's biota. (nih.gov)
CORVALIS, Oregon -- A team of scientists has documented for the first time that animals can and do consume Archaea a type of single-celled microorganism thought to be among the most abundant life forms on Earth. (underwatertimes.com)
Archaea weren't even discovered until 1977, and were thought to be rare and unimportant, but we are beginning to realize that they not only are abundant, but they have roles that have not fully been appreciated. (underwatertimes.com)

The advantages to the use of archaea as a model for studying the organization of DNA during cellular growth in humans -- and the relationship between that organization and the activation of genes that may trigger cancers -- is their relative simplicity. (newswise.com)
Ribosomes are essential to cellular life and the genes for their RNA components are the most conserved and transcribed genes in bacteria and archaea. (nature.com)
They also identified a set of 38 marker genes that serve as a core set of genes present in archaea with metabolisms involving methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR), the final step in methanogenesis, or MCR-like complexes, likely involved in short-chain alkane oxidation. (phys.org)

Asgard archaea: Close relatives to the first eukaryotic cell? (uni-ulm.de)
Reconstruction and evolution of key metabolic processes in Asgard archaea. (phys.org)
In their paper published in the journal Nature , the group describes their analysis of multiple complete or mostly complete genomes of Asgard archaea. (phys.org)
In this new effort, the researchers sought to find that answer by analyzing the genomes of 162 Asgard archaea, which included 75 that had not been studied before. (phys.org)
A closer look at Wukongarchaeota showed it to be an obligate hydrogenotrophic acetogen, which is dramatically different from other known Asgard archaea -that was why the team chose a character known for creating havoc in a heavenly realm as its namesake. (phys.org)

Archaea are microbes. (windows2universe.org)

Salt-tolerant archaea (the Haloarchaea) use sunlight as an energy source, and other species of archaea fix carbon, but unlike plants and cyanobacteria, no known species of archaea does both. (wikipedia.org)
unlike bacteria, no known species of Archaea form endospores. (wikipedia.org)
however, unlike plants and cyanobacteria , no known species of archaea does both. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to single-species aggregates, consortia of metabolically interdependent bacteria and archaea are found in methane-rich sediments. (sciencemag.org)
These Archaea species live in extreme heat near deep sea vents. (windows2universe.org)

Archeon is situated in Alphen aan den Rijn and hosts many events all year round. (holland.com)

The korarchaeota is a hodge-podge of other archaea that do not fit into the other categories. (reference.com)

In some systems for classifying all of life , the archaea constitute one of three great domains of living creatures. (britannica.com)

Archaea represent a third domain of life with unique properties not found in the other domains. (springer.com)
DNA replication is a fundamental cellular process that is functionally conserved across all three domains of life (bacteria, archaea, and eukaryote). (frontiersin.org)
Bacteria and archaea, meanwhile, are their own prokaryotic domains. (khanacademy.org)
Phylogenomics of 10,575 genomes reveals evolutionary proximity between domains Bacteria and Archaea. (harvard.edu)
Archaea are considered one of the three "domains of life" on Earth, along with bacteria and eukaryota (plants and animals). (underwatertimes.com)
Although members of the domains (largest taxonomic groupings) Bacteria and Archaea have many important differences, they are united by their general cell type. (coursehero.com)

Archaea resemble normal bacteria, but are very different internally. (eol.org)
If it weren't found at the bottom of the sea or buried inside of rocks, Archaea might resemble blue-green algae . (windows2universe.org)
The archaea very much resemble bacteria, so much so that they were once thought to be a weird group of bacteria. (waterindustry.org)

In a study published today (May 26) in Nature Microbiology, researchers identified and cultured two lineages of methane-generating archaea that thrive in salty lakes. (uncommondescent.com)

Initially people thought that archaea are 'freaks' living only at sites with extreme living conditions like f.i. hot geysers in Yellowstone National Park and Black Smokers at the bottom of the ocean. (uni-ulm.de)
It is thought that archaea and bacteria diverged early in their existence because of all the dissimilarities between the two groups. (wikibooks.org)

The simplicity of archaea means that they've got the potential to be a terrific model to help understand the fundamentally related -- but much more complicated -- cellular processes in humans. (newswise.com)

The abundance and enormous diversity of T4P in hyperthermophilic archaea present a major enigma. (frontiersin.org)

Baker probed the gene fragments more thoroughly to turn up three Archaea from a totally unknown group, probably representing a new phylum among the several dozen known phyla of Archaea. (wordnik.com)

Phylogenomic analysis suggests that at least one T4P system was present in the last common ancestor of the extant archaea. (frontiersin.org)

The microbial community was analyzed using a Bacteria- and Archaea-targeting 16S rRNA gene-based Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism approach. (environmental-expert.com)
16S rRNA gene sequences specific to Archaea were amplified from pooled faecal DNA in each group, sequenced, and aligned against the NCBI database. (springer.com)

The authors compared representative genomes of the two lineages to each other, as well as to the genomes of other archaea. (uncommondescent.com)
Although the initial discovery of a CRISPR structure was made fortuitously in Escherichia coli in 1987, the acronym was coined in 2002, after similar structures were observed in genomes of various Bacteria and Archaea ( 1 ). (sciencemag.org)

Italian architects Studio Archea have sent us these images of their pavilion in the Urban Best Practice Area at the Shanghai Expo 2010 . (dezeen.com)
He has been editor-in-chief of the international magazine Architettura Area since 1997 and has been co-editor-in-chief, along with Paolo Portoghesi, of Materia magazine since 1999, both published by Gruppo 24 ORE. In 1988, he founded Studio Archea with Laura Andreini and Giovanni Polazzi, and in 1999 Silvia Fabi joined the firm. (moroso.it)
Italian architects Studio Archea have sent us images of the pavilion they designed for the Urban Best Practice Area at the Shanghai Expo 2010 . (contemporist.com)

Karen L. Casciotti and Alyson E. Santoro of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and their colleagues now show that cultures of marine archaea produce N 2 O via ammonia oxidation. (acs.org)
Although some planktonic archaea may be heterotrophic because of their uptake of amino acids ( 14 , 15 ), there is evidence that some marine archaea may be chemoautotrophs ( 16 ), capable of light-independent carbon (C) fixation ( 15 , 17 ). (pnas.org)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Archaea . (wikipedia.org)
Archaea on Wikimedia Commons. (wiktionary.org)

In order to optimally exploit many unique features that are now emerging, the development of genetic systems for hyperthermophilic Archaea is an absolute requirement. (nih.gov)
An overview is given of recent insight in the molecular biology of hyperthermophilic Archaea, as well as of a number of promising developments that should result in the generation of suitable genetic systems in the near future. (nih.gov)
Greigite nanocrystals produced by hyperthermophilic archaea of Thermococcales order. (archives-ouvertes.fr)

Archaea are nowadays known as the third domain of life. (uni-ulm.de)
Since then more and more data accumulated which show that Archaea indeed belong to a separate domain. (uni-ulm.de)
Phylogenetic and nucleotide signature analyses of these cloned rDNAs revealed the presence of two lineages of archaea, each sharing the diagnostic signatures and structural features previously established for the domain Archaea. (pnas.org)
But the other large group - the Third Domain: Archaea - eluded us thus far. (scienceblogs.com)
Archaea, the third domain of life, use a single or multiple origin(s) to initiate replication of their circular chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)
In contrast, focus on DNA replication origins in archaea, the third domain of life, commenced only approximately a decade ago. (frontiersin.org)
Howland s enthusiasm for Archaea led him to write The Surprising Archaea:Discovering Another Domain of Life (Oxford University Press,2000), which he hopes will inform a general audience of the Archaea s "rise from obscurity to their current prominent place in molecular and evolutionary biology. (bowdoin.edu)
Inhabitants of domain Archaea are more closely related to eukaryotic cells than they are to bacteria. (cliffsnotes.com)
Domain Archaea contains some prokaryotic cells that live in conditions that are too extreme for other forms of life. (cliffsnotes.com)
Anaerobes from the domain Archaea contribute to the global carbon cycle by metabolizing acetate as a growth substrate or product. (mdpi.com)
Cavicchioli R 2011 Archaea--timeline of the third domain. (springer.com)
Despite their abundance, no member of the Archaea domain has been known to be part of a food web. (underwatertimes.com)

Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized phyla. (wikipedia.org)

High abundance of Archaea in Antarctic marine picoplankton. (nih.gov)
Recently, novel (uncultivated) phylotypes of Archaea have been detected in coastal and subsurface marine waters, but their abundance, distribution, physiology and ecology remain largely undescribed. (nih.gov)
Considering the abundance of nonextremophilic archaea in the ocean, our results suggest that AOA may play a significant, but previously unrecognized, role in the global nitrogen cycle. (pnas.org)

The Archeon Tarot by Timothy Lantz could have been Paul's subject. (aeclectic.net)

The archaea in the genus Pyrodictium thrive in the temperature range of 80 to 110 °C (176 to 230 °F), temperatures at which the water remains liquid only because of the extremely high pressures. (britannica.com)
For the spider genus, see Archaea (spider) . (wikipedia.org)
An image of Sulfolobus, a genus of archaea that prefers high temperatures. (newswise.com)
The study was conducted using Sulfolobus, a genus of archaea that thrives at extremely high temperatures, because their physical durability allows them to be more easily used in experiments. (newswise.com)
Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Methanosarcina barkeri is a genus of archaea (archaebacterium) that produces methane (methanotrophic). (sciencephoto.com)

Improved molecular detection tools led to the discovery of archaea in almost every habitat, including soil, oceans, and marshlands. (wikipedia.org)
His work inspired many scientists in various fields of biology, and among them was Wolfram Zillig, who is credited with the discovery of several unique molecular features of archaea. (scoop.it)
Sulfolobus acidocaldarius was the model organism used in the analysis, says the research team's co-leader Sonja-Verena Albers, who heads the MPI's Molecular Biology of Archaea research group, "because this is one of the few well established model systems in which genetics works well. (lbl.gov)
Rani SB, Balamurugan R and Ramakrishna BS 2017 Molecular analysis of the human faecal archaea in a southern Indian population. (springer.com)

Archaea are a major part of Earth's life. (wikipedia.org)
Archaea are a major part of Earth's life and may play roles in both the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle . (wikipedia.org)
Archaea were probably the earliest living things, and their adaptability is probably what allowed them to take root in Earth's early kinda groddy environment. (khanacademy.org)
Recent discoveries of "deep life" in cracks in the Earth's crust indicate that some bacteria and many Archaea can live in cracks in hot rocks in which there is effectively no gaseous atmosphere at all, and in which liquid water is only intermittently available. (wordnik.com)
Billions of years ago, methane-producing archaea likely played a key role in determining the composition of the Earth's atmosphere and regulating the global climate for life to flourish. (phys.org)

Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) mediated by anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) is the primary process that provides energy to cold seep ecosystems by converting methane into inorganic carbon. (nature.com)
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulfate reduction (SR) is the primary energetic process in cold seeps and is catalyzed by a consortium of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) of the Deltaproteobacteria 6 , 7 , 8 . (nature.com)

Archaea Energy is preparing for exponential growth following the business combination with Aria Energy led by RAC that was announced on April 7, 2021. (yahoo.com)
The theme of the 2021 seminar, mirroring the main conference, is centered around roots and branches of archaea. (grc.org)

Archaea at Midway Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. (britannica.com)
The Midway Geyser Basin at Yellowstone National Park, teeming with colorful archaea and bacteria. (scientificamerican.com)

This report provides evidence for the widespread occurrence of unusual archaea in oxygenated coastal surface waters of North America. (pnas.org)

Anatomy4

Organisms50

Chemicals and Drugs14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes36

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care10

Geographicals1

Characterization of two novel haloalkaliphilic archaea Natronorubrum bangense gen. nov., sp. nov. and Natronorubrum tibetense gen. nov., sp. nov. (1/2228)

An evaluation of elongation factor 1 alpha as a phylogenetic marker for eukaryotes. (2/2228)

Unusual ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase of anoxic Archaea. (3/2228)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization using 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotides reveals localization of methanogens and selected uncultured bacteria in mesophilic and thermophilic sludge granules. (4/2228)

Universal conservation in translation initiation revealed by human and archaeal homologs of bacterial translation initiation factor IF2. (5/2228)

10-11 bp periodicities in complete genomes reflect protein structure and DNA folding. (6/2228)

The euryarchaeotes, a subdomain of Archaea, survive on a single DNA polymerase: fact or farce? (7/2228)

Two distinct SECIS structures capable of directing selenocysteine incorporation in eukaryotes. (8/2228)

Archaea

Archaeal Proteins

Genes, Archaeal

DNA, Archaeal

RNA, Archaeal

Genome, Archaeal

Crenarchaeota

Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal

Haloferax volcanii

Phylogeny

Methane

Methanococcus

Bacteria

Sulfolobus

Methanobacteriaceae

Molecular Sequence Data

Euryarchaeota

Methanosarcina

Nitrification

Methanobacterium

Desulfurococcaceae

Methanosarcinales

Halobacteriales

Haloferax

Pyrococcus

Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Methanosarcinaceae

Pyrococcus abyssi

Chromosomes, Archaeal

Sulfolobus solfataricus

Geologic Sediments

Methanococcales

Archaeoglobus fulgidus

Pyrococcus furiosus

Evolution, Molecular

Seawater

Thermococcus

Eukaryotic Cells

Methanosarcina barkeri

Halobacteriaceae

Ammonia

Amino Acid Sequence

Archaeal Viruses

Glyceryl Ethers

Eukaryota

Thermoplasma

Sequence Alignment

Sequence Analysis, DNA

DNA, Ribosomal

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Autotrophic Processes

Haloferax mediterranei

Prokaryotic Cells

Thermoproteaceae

Halobacterium salinarum

Biodiversity

Base Sequence

Thermoplasmales

Gene Transfer, Horizontal

Methanobrevibacter

Bacterial Proteins

Haloarcula marismortui

Genes, rRNA

Genome, Bacterial

Sulfolobales

Oxidoreductases

Models, Molecular

Water Microbiology

Methanomicrobiaceae

Ecosystem

Archaeoglobus

Anaerobiosis

RNA, Transfer

Conserved Sequence

Salinity

Escherichia coli

Soil Microbiology

Plankton

Oxidation-Reduction