Arachidonate 15 lipoxygenase. Medical search

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class primarily found in PLANTS. It catalyzes reactions between linoleate and other fatty acids and oxygen to form hydroperoxy-fatty acid derivatives.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 5-hydroperoxyarachidonate (5-HPETE) which is rapidly converted by a peroxidase to 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoate (5-HETE). The 5-hydroperoxides are preferentially formed in leukocytes.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 12-hydroperoxyarachidonate (12-HPETE) which is itself rapidly converted by a peroxidase to 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoate (12-HETE). The 12-hydroperoxides are preferentially formed in PLATELETS.

Compounds that bind to and inhibit that enzymatic activity of LIPOXYGENASES. Included under this category are inhibitors that are specific for lipoxygenase subtypes and act to reduce the production of LEUKOTRIENES.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 15-hydroperoxyarachidonate (15-HPETE) which is rapidly converted to 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoate (15-HETE). The 15-hydroperoxides are preferentially formed in NEUTROPHILS and LYMPHOCYTES.

Enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of arachidonic acid to hydroperoxyarachidonates. These products are then rapidly converted by a peroxidase to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. The positional specificity of the enzyme reaction varies from tissue to tissue. The final lipoxygenase pathway leads to the leukotrienes. EC 1.13.11.- .

An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.

A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)

A family of biologically active compounds derived from arachidonic acid by oxidative metabolism through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. They participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. They have potent actions on many essential organs and systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous system as well as the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system.

A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.

Scaffolding proteins that play an important role in the localization and activation of 5-LIPOXYGENASE.

A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.

The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

Eicosatetraenoic acids substituted in any position by one or more hydroxy groups. They are important intermediates in a series of biosynthetic processes leading from arachidonic acid to a number of biologically active compounds such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.

Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain two double bonds.

An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.

Phospholipases that hydrolyze one of the acyl groups of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates.

A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).

Phospholipases that hydrolyze the acyl group attached to the 2-position of PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES.

A class of compounds named after and generally derived from C20 fatty acids (EICOSANOIC ACIDS) that includes PROSTAGLANDINS; LEUKOTRIENES; THROMBOXANES, and HYDROXYEICOSATETRAENOIC ACIDS. They have hormone-like effects mediated by specialized receptors (RECEPTORS, EICOSANOID).

(2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Enzyme complexes that catalyze the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS from the appropriate unsaturated FATTY ACIDS, molecular OXYGEN, and a reduced acceptor.

20-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.

A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

A group of LEUKOTRIENES; (LTC4; LTD4; and LTE4) that is the major mediator of BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; HYPERSENSITIVITY; and other allergic reactions. Earlier studies described a "slow-reacting substance of ANAPHYLAXIS" released from lung by cobra venom or after anaphylactic shock. The relationship between SRS-A leukotrienes was established by UV which showed the presence of the conjugated triene. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).

(11 alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oic acid (PGE(1)); (5Z,11 alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (PGE(2)); and (5Z,11 alpha,13E,15S,17Z)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13,17-trien-1-oic acid (PGE(3)). Three of the six naturally occurring prostaglandins. They are considered primary in that no one is derived from another in living organisms. Originally isolated from sheep seminal fluid and vesicles, they are found in many organs and tissues and play a major role in mediating various physiological activities.

Compounds or agents that combine with cyclooxygenase (PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASES) and thereby prevent its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of eicosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.

A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.

Peroxides produced in the presence of a free radical by the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the cell in the presence of molecular oxygen. The formation of lipid peroxides results in the destruction of the original lipid leading to the loss of integrity of the membranes. They therefore cause a variety of toxic effects in vivo and their formation is considered a pathological process in biological systems. Their formation can be inhibited by antioxidants, such as vitamin E, structural separation or low oxygen tension.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates. EC 3.1.-.

FATTY ACIDS in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds.

Physiologically active compounds found in many organs of the body. They are formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides and cause platelet aggregation, contraction of arteries, and other biological effects. Thromboxanes are important mediators of the actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids transformed by cyclooxygenase.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.

Long chain organic acid molecules that must be obtained from the diet. Examples are LINOLEIC ACIDS and LINOLENIC ACIDS.

A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY).

A group of FLAVONOIDS characterized with a 4-ketone.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to the hexahydroxy alcohol, myo-inositol. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid, myo-inositol, and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Trihydroxy derivatives of eicosanoic acids. They are primarily derived from arachidonic acid, however eicosapentaenoic acid derivatives also exist. Many of them are naturally occurring mediators of immune regulation.

A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain three double bonds.

A constitutively-expressed subtype of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. It plays an important role in many cellular processes.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

An annual legume. The SEEDS of this plant are edible and used to produce a variety of SOY FOODS.

The attachment of PLATELETS to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., THROMBIN; COLLAGEN) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a THROMBUS.

The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

An enzyme formed from PROTHROMBIN that converts FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Azoles of two nitrogens at the 1,2 positions, next to each other, in contrast with IMIDAZOLES in which they are at the 1,3 positions.

A cytosolic phospholipase A2 group that plays an important role in the release of free ARACHIDONIC ACID, which in turn is metabolized to PROSTAGLANDINS by the CYCLOOXYGENASE pathway and to LEUKOTRIENES by the 5-LIPOXYGENASE pathway.

A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A class of drugs designed to prevent leukotriene synthesis or activity by blocking binding at the receptor level.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES obtained by their partial hydrolysis which removes one of the fatty acid moieties.

Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specific ions. Most ionophores are relatively small organic molecules that act as mobile carriers within membranes or coalesce to form ion permeable channels across membranes. Many are antibiotics, and many act as uncoupling agents by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.

Fatty acid derivatives of glycerophosphates. They are composed of glycerol bound in ester linkage with 1 mole of phosphoric acid at the terminal 3-hydroxyl group and with 2 moles of fatty acids at the other two hydroxyl groups.

An enzyme found predominantly in platelet microsomes. It catalyzes the conversion of PGG(2) and PGH(2) (prostaglandin endoperoxides) to thromboxane A2. EC 5.3.99.5.

Enzymes that catalyze reversibly the formation of an epoxide or arene oxide from a glycol or aromatic diol, respectively.

The process of converting an acid into an alkyl or aryl derivative. Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. Esterification can also be accomplished by enzymatic processes.

The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Synthetic compounds that are analogs of the naturally occurring prostaglandin endoperoxides and that mimic their pharmacologic and physiologic activities. They are usually more stable than the naturally occurring compounds.

An inducibly-expressed subtype of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. It plays an important role in many cellular processes and INFLAMMATION. It is the target of COX2 INHIBITORS.

The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).

An antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to an ethanolamine moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and ethanolamine and 2 moles of fatty acids.

A group of fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.

Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Cell-surface receptors that bind LEUKOTRIENES with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. The leukotriene receptor subtypes have been tentatively named according to their affinities for the endogenous leukotrienes LTB4; LTC4; LTD4; and LTE4.

A group of compounds that contain a bivalent O-O group, i.e., the oxygen atoms are univalent. They can either be inorganic or organic in nature. Such compounds release atomic (nascent) oxygen readily. Thus they are strong oxidizing agents and fire hazards when in contact with combustible materials, especially under high-temperature conditions. The chief industrial uses of peroxides are as oxidizing agents, bleaching agents, and initiators of polymerization. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

A class of phenolic acids related to chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, etc., which are found in plant tissues. It is involved in plant growth regulation.

A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.

Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A group of 1,2-benzenediols that contain the general formula R-C6H5O2.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

A group of physiologically active prostaglandin endoperoxides. They are precursors in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Most frequently encountered member of this group is the prostaglandin G2.

Important polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oils. It serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin-3 and thromboxane-3 families. A diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid lowers serum lipid concentration, reduces incidence of cardiovascular disorders, prevents platelet aggregation, and inhibits arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze the oxidation of one part of a molecule with a corresponding reduction of another part of the same molecule. They include enzymes converting aldoses to ketoses (ALDOSE-KETOSE ISOMERASES), enzymes shifting a carbon-carbon double bond (CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BOND ISOMERASES), and enzymes transposing S-S bonds (SULFUR-SULFUR BOND ISOMERASES). (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 5.3.

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule.

A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic properties used in the therapy of rheumatism and arthritis.

A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Compounds based on benzeneacetamide, that are similar in structure to ACETANILIDES.

Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1.

A calcium-independent phospholipase A2 group that may play a role in membrane phospholipid remodeling and homeostasis by controling the levels of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE in mammalian cell membranes.

An enzyme localized predominantly within the plasma membrane of lymphocytes. It catalyzes the transfer of long-chain fatty acids, preferentially unsaturated fatty acids, to lysophosphatides with the formation of 1,2-diacylglycero-3-phosphocholine and CoA. EC 2.3.1.23.

C22-unsaturated fatty acids found predominantly in FISH OILS.

GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS in which one of the two acyl chains is attached to glycerol with an ether alkenyl linkage instead of an ester as with the other glycerophospholipids.

The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

Immature ERYTHROCYTES. In humans, these are ERYTHROID CELLS that have just undergone extrusion of their CELL NUCLEUS. They still contain some organelles that gradually decrease in number as the cells mature. RIBOSOMES are last to disappear. Certain staining techniques cause components of the ribosomes to precipitate into characteristic "reticulum" (not the same as the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM), hence the name reticulocytes.

Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.

Organic compounds containing both the hydroxyl and carboxyl radicals.

An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

A class of cell surface leukotriene receptors with a preference for leukotriene B4. Leukotriene B4 receptor activation influences chemotaxis, chemokinesis, adherence, enzyme release, oxidative bursts, and degranulation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. There are at least two subtypes of these receptors. Some actions are mediated through the inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol second messenger systems.

An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)

A subcategory of secreted phospholipases A2 that includes enzymes isolated from a variety of sources. The creation of this group is based upon similarities in the structural determinants of the enzymes including a negatively charged carboxy-terminal segment.

Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.

Eighteen-carbon cyclopentyl polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID via an oxidative pathway analogous to the EICOSANOIDS in animals. Biosynthesis is inhibited by SALICYLATES. A key member, jasmonic acid of PLANTS, plays a similar role to ARACHIDONIC ACID in animals.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A creeping annual plant species of the CUCURBITACEAE family. It has a rough succulent, trailing stem and hairy leaves with three to five pointed lobes.

A secreted phospholipase A2 subtype that contains a interfacial-binding region with specificity for PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE. This enzyme group may play a role in eliciting ARACHIDONIC ACID release from intact cellular membranes and from LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. Members of this group bind specifically to PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 RECEPTORS.

Dioxygenases that catalyze the peroxidation of methylene-interrupted UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

A chemically diverse group of substances produced by various tissues in the body that cause slow contraction of smooth muscle; they have other intense but varied pharmacologic activities.

Compounds that inhibit the action of prostaglandins.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.

A group of physiologically active prostaglandin endoperoxides. They are precursors in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. The most frequently encountered member of this group is the prostaglandin H2.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The starchy roots are used as food. SOLANINE is found in green parts.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

(9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S)-9,11,15-Trihydroxyprost-13-en-1-oic acid (PGF(1 alpha)); (5Z,9 alpha,11,alpha,13E,15S)-9,11,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (PGF(2 alpha)); (5Z,9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S,17Z)-9,11,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13,17-trien-1-oic acid (PGF(3 alpha)). A family of prostaglandins that includes three of the six naturally occurring prostaglandins. All naturally occurring PGF have an alpha configuration at the 9-carbon position. They stimulate uterine and bronchial smooth muscle and are often used as oxytocics.

Benzene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.

Precursors in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. They are physiologically active compounds, having effect on vascular and airway smooth muscles, platelet aggregation, etc.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.

A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)

Mononuclear phagocytes derived from bone marrow precursors but resident in the peritoneum.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

Phospholipids which have an alcohol moiety in ethereal linkage with a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohol. They are usually derivatives of phosphoglycerols or phosphatidates. The other two alcohol groups of the glycerol backbone are usually in ester linkage. These compounds are widely distributed in animal tissues.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.

A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.

A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR), lymph vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, LYMPHATIC), and the serous cavities of the body.

Compounds that bind to and inhibit the action of 5-LIPOXYGENASE-ACTIVATING PROTEINS.

Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE. It is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic.

Cell surface proteins that bind eicosanoids with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Among the eicosanoid receptors are receptors for the prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.

A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acid in which the hydrophobic regions are composed of two fatty acids and a polar alcohol is joined to the C-3 position of glycerol through a phosphodiester bond. They are named according to their polar head groups, such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.

A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the univalent reduction of OXYGEN using NADPH as an electron donor to create SUPEROXIDE ANION. The enzyme is dependent on a variety of CYTOCHROMES. Defects in the production of superoxide ions by enzymes such as NADPH oxidase result in GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC.

Proteins, usually acting in oxidation-reduction reactions, containing iron but no porphyrin groups. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1993, pG-10)

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

The space enclosed by the peritoneum. It is divided into two portions, the greater sac and the lesser sac or omental bursa, which lies behind the STOMACH. The two sacs are connected by the foramen of Winslow, or epiploic foramen.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

GLYCEROL esterified with FATTY ACIDS.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a serine moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and serine and 2 moles of fatty acids.

7-Hydroxycoumarins. Substances present in many plants, especially umbelliferae. Umbelliferones are used in sunscreen preparations and may be mutagenic. Their derivatives are used in liver therapy, as reagents, plant growth factors, sunscreens, insecticides, parasiticides, choleretics, spasmolytics, etc.

Fatty acid esters of cholesterol which constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Granulated cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Like the BASOPHILS, mast cells contain large amounts of HISTAMINE and HEPARIN. Unlike basophils, mast cells normally remain in the tissues and do not circulate in the blood. Mast cells, derived from the bone marrow stem cells, are regulated by the STEM CELL FACTOR.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

cDNA cloning of 15-lipoxygenase type 2 and 12-lipoxygenases of bovine corneal epithelium. (1/405)

Bovine corneal epithelium contains arachidonate 12- and 15-lipoxygenase activity, while human corneal epithelium contains only 15-lipoxygenase activity. Our purpose was to identify the corneal 12- and 15-lipoxygenase isozymes. We used cDNA cloning to isolate the amino acid coding nucleotide sequences of two bovine lipoxygenases. The translated sequence of one lipoxygenase was 82% identical with human 15-lipoxygenase type 2 and 75% identical with mouse 8-lipoxygenase, whereas the other translated nucleotide sequence was 87% identical with human 12-lipoxygenase of the platelet type. Expression of 15-lipoxygenase type 2 and platelet type 12-lipoxygenase mRNAs were detected by Northern analysis. In addition to these two lipoxygenases, 12-lipoxygenase of leukocyte (tracheal) type was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, and Northern analysis. Finally, PCR and sequencing suggested that human corneal epithelium contains 15-lipoxygenase types 1 and 2. (+info)

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein and plasma by 15-lipoxygenase and free radicals. (2/405)

It is generally accepted that the oxidation of pentadiene structures of polyunsaturated lipids by lipoxygenase (LOX) is regio- and enantio-specific, while the free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation gives stereo-random racemic products. It was confirmed that the oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) by 15-LOX from rabbit reticulocytes gave phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesteryl ester (CE) hydroperoxides regio-, stereo- and enantio-specifically. 15-LOX also oxidized human plasma to give specific PC and CE hydroperoxides in spite of the presence of high concentrations of antioxidants. More CE hydroperoxides were formed than PC hydroperoxides from LDL, but the reverse order was observed for plasma oxidation. The S/R ratio of the hydroperoxides decreased during long time incubation but remained significantly larger than one, while free radical-mediated oxidation of LDL and plasma gave racemic products. (+info)

Tissue-specific translational regulation of alternative rabbit 15-lipoxygenase mRNAs differing in their 3'-untranslated regions. (3/405)

By screening a rabbit reticulocyte library, an alternative 15-LOX transcript of 3.6 kb (15-LOX mRNA2) was detected containing a 1019 nt longer 3'-untranslated region (UTR2) than the main 2.6 kb mRNA (15-LOX mRNA1). In anaemic animals, northern blotting showed that 15-LOX mRNA2 was predominantly expressed in non-erythroid tissues, whereas 15-LOX mRNA1 was exclusively expressed in red blood cells and bone marrow. The 15-LOX 3'-UTR2 mRNA2 contained a novel 8-fold repetitive CU-rich motif, 23 nt in length (DICE2). This motif is related but not identical to the 10-fold repetitive differentiation control element (DICE1) of 19 nt residing in the 15-LOX UTR1 mRNA1. DICE1 was shown to interact with human hnRNP proteins E1 and K, thereby inhibiting translation. From tissues expressing the long 15-LOX mRNA2, two to three unidentified polypeptides with molecular weights of 53-55 and 90-93 kDa which bound to DICE2 were isolated by RNA affinity chromatography. A 93 kDa protein from lung cytosol, which was selected by DICE2 binding, was able to suppress translational inhibition of 15-LOX mRNA2, but not of 15-LOX mRNA1, by hnRNP E1. A possible interaction between DICE1/DICE2 cis / trans factors in translational control of 15-LOX synthesis is discussed. Furthermore, the 3'-terminal part of the highly related rabbit leukocyte-type 12-LOX gene was analysed. Very similar repetitive CU-rich elements of the type DICE1 (20 repeats) and DICE2 (nine repeats) were found in the part corresponding to the 3'-UTR of the mRNA. (+info)

Regulation of 15-lipoxygenase expression and mucus secretion by IL-4 in human bronchial epithelial cells. (4/405)

Our laboratory has recently shown that mucus differentiation of cultured normal human tracheobronchial epithelial (NHTBE) cells is accompanied by the increased expression of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO). We used differentiated NHTBE cells to investigate the regulation of 15-LO expression and mucus secretion by inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 dramatically enhanced the expression of 15-LO, whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1beta, and interferon (IFN)-gamma had no effect. These cytokines did not increase the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, with the exception of a modest induction by IL-1beta. The IL-4-induced 15-LO expression was concentration dependent, and mRNA and protein expression increased within 3 and 6 h, respectively, after IL-4 treatment. In metabolism studies with intact cells, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) were the major metabolites formed from exogenous arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. No prostaglandins were detected. IL-4 treatment dramatically increased the formation of 13-HODE and 15-HETE compared with that in untreated NHTBE cells, and several additional 15-LO metabolites were observed. Pretreatment of NHTBE cells with IFN-gamma or dexamethasone did not inhibit the IL-4-induced expression of 15-LO except at high concentrations (100 ng/ml of IFN-gamma and 10 microM dexamethasone). IL-4 treatment inhibited mucus secretion and attenuated the expression of the mucin genes MUC5AC and MUC5B at 12-24 h after treatment. Addition of 15-HETE precursor and 13-HODE precursor to the cultures did not alter mucin secretion or mucin gene expression. On the basis of the data presented, we conclude that the increase in 15-LO expression by IL-4 and attenuation of mucus secretion may be independent biological events. (+info)

Effects of mutant p53 expression on human 15-lipoxygenase-promoter activity and murine 12/15-lipoxygenase gene expression: evidence that 15-lipoxygenase is a mutator gene. (5/405)

Human 15-lipoxygenase (h15-LO) is present on chromosome 17p13.3 in close proximity to the tumor-suppressor gene, p53. 15-LO is implicated in antiinflammation, membrane remodeling, and cancer development/metastasis. The murine BALB/c embryo fibroblast cell line, (10)1val, expresses p53 in mutant (mt) conformation when grown at 39 degrees C and in wild-type conformation when grown at 32 degrees C. Transfection of h15-LO promoter constructs (driving luciferase reporter) into (10)1val cells and into p53-deficient (10)1 cells resulted in a marked increase in h15-LO promoter activity in (10)1val cells at 39 degrees C, but not at 32 degrees C, or as compared with (10)1 cells. Transfection of h15-LO promoter deletion constructs, however, resulted in total loss of activity in both cell types at 32 degrees C and 39 degrees C. Cotransfection of (10)1 cells with h15-LO promoter (driving luciferase reporter) along with increasing levels of a mt p53 expression vector demonstrated dose-dependent capacity of mt p53 to induce 15-LO promoter activity. No effect was observed with wild-type p53. In contrast to h15-LO promoter activity, (10)1val cells had significantly lower levels of endogenous (murine) 12/15-LO (mouse analog of h15-LO) mRNA and protein when grown at 39 degrees C compared with cells grown at 32 degrees C. Our data support the hypothesis that loss of a tumor-suppressor gene (p53), or "gain-of-function activities" resulting from the expression of its mutant forms, regulates 15-LO promoter activity in man and in mouse, albeit in directionally opposite manners. The studies define a direct link between 15-LO activity and an established tumor-suppressor gene located in close chromosomal proximity. (+info)

Disruption of the 12/15-lipoxygenase gene diminishes atherosclerosis in apo E-deficient mice. (6/405)

Atherosclerosis may be viewed as an inflammatory disease process that includes early oxidative modification of LDLs, leading to foam cell formation. This "oxidation hypothesis" has gained general acceptance in recent years, and evidence for the role of lipoxygenases in initiation of, or participation in, the oxidative process is accumulating. However, the relative contribution of macrophage-expressed lipoxygenases to atherogenesis in vivo remains unknown. Here, we provide in vivo evidence for the role of 12/15-lipoxygenase in atherogenesis and demonstrate diminished plasma IgG autoantibodies to oxidized LDL epitopes in 12/15-lipoxygenase knockout mice crossbred with atherosclerosis-prone apo E-deficient mice (apo E-/-/L-12LO-/-). In chow-fed 15-week-old apo E-/-/L-12LO-/- mice, the extent of lesions in whole-aorta en face preparations (198 +/- 60 microm2) was strongly reduced (P < 0.001, n = 12) when compared with 12/15-lipoxygenase-expressing controls (apo E-/-/L-12LO+/+), which showed areas of lipid deposition (15,700 +/- 2,688 microm2) in the lesser curvature of the aortic arch, branch points, and in the abdominal aorta. These results were observed despite cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprotein levels that were similar to those in apo E-deficient mice. Evidence for reduced lesion development was observed even at 1 year of age in apo E-/-/L-12LO-/- mice. The combined data indicate a role for 12/15-lipoxygenase in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and suggest that inhibition of this enzyme may decrease disease progression. (+info)

All ApoB-containing lipoproteins induce monocyte chemotaxis and adhesion when minimally modified. Modulation of lipoprotein bioactivity by platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase. (7/405)

Mildly oxidized LDL has many proinflammatory properties, including the stimulation of monocyte chemotaxis and adhesion, that are important in the development of atherosclerosis. Although ApoB-containing lipoproteins other than LDL may enter the artery wall and undergo oxidation, very little is known regarding their proinflammatory potential. LDL, IDL, VLDL, postprandial remnant particles, and chylomicrons were mildly oxidized by fibroblasts overexpressing 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) and tested for their ability to stimulate monocyte chemotaxis and adhesion to endothelial cells. When conditioned on 15-LO cells, LDL, IDL, but not VLDL increased monocyte chemotaxis and adhesion approximately 4-fold. Chylomicrons and postprandial remnant particles were also bioactive. Although chylomicrons had a high 18:1/18:2 ratio, similar to that of VLDL, and should presumably be less susceptible to oxidation, they contained (in contrast to VLDL) essentially no platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity. Because PAF-AH activity of lipoproteins may be reduced in vivo by oxidation or glycation, LDL, IDL, and VLDL were treated in vitro to reduce PAF-AH activity and then conditioned on 15-lipoxygenase cells. All 3 PAF-AH-depleted lipoproteins, including VLDL, exhibited increased stimulation of monocyte chemotaxis and adhesion. In a similar manner, lipoproteins from Japanese subjects with a deficiency of plasma PAF-AH activity were also markedly more bioactive, and stimulated monocyte adhesion nearly 2-fold compared with lipoproteins from Japanese control subjects with normal plasma PAF-AH. For each lipoprotein, bioactivity resided in the lipid fraction and monocyte adhesion could be blocked by PAF-receptor antagonists. These data suggest that the susceptibility of plasma lipoproteins to develop proinflammatory activity is in part related to their 18:1/18:2 ratio and PAF-AH activity, and that bioactive phospholipids similar to PAF are generated during oxidation of each lipoprotein. Moreover, LDL, IDL, postprandial remnant particles, and chylomicrons and PAF-AH-depleted VLDL all give rise to proinflammatory lipids when mildly oxidized. (+info)

The inhibition of mammalian 15-lipoxygenases by the anti-inflammatory drug ebselen: dual-type mechanism involving covalent linkage and alteration of the iron ligand sphere. (8/405)

Mammalian lipoxygenases have been implicated in inflammation and atherosclerosis and, thus, lipoxygenase inhibitors may be of pharmacological interest. In cells, lipoxygenases occur in a catalytically silent ground state that requires activation to become active. We found that the seleno-organic drug ebselen [2-phenyl-1, 2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one], which exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, irreversibly inhibited pure rabbit 15-lipoxygenase, with an IC50 in the nM range when preincubated with the enzyme in the absence of fatty acid substrates. Subsequent dialysis, gel filtration, or substrate addition did not restore the enzyme activity, and experiments with [14C]ebselen indicated a covalent linkage of the drug. The presence of sulfhydryl compounds in the incubation mixture prevented both enzyme labeling and inactivation, but we did not see any reactivation when sulfhydryl compounds were added afterward. X-ray absorption studies indicated that ebselen did alter the geometry of the iron ligand sphere, and the data are consistent with an iron complexation by the drug. When fatty acid substrate was present during lipoxygenase-ebselen interaction, the inhibitory potency was strongly reduced and a competitive mode of action was observed. These data suggest that ebselen inactivated the catalytically silent ground-state lipoxygenase irreversibly by covalent linkage and alteration of the iron ligand sphere. In contrast, it functions as a competitive inhibitor of the catalytically active enzyme species. The pharmacological relevance of ebselen as a potential in vivo lipoxygenase inhibitor will be discussed. (+info)

5-lipoxygenase, 12-lipoxygenase, and 15-lipoxygenase-2, and selected metabolites of the latter lipoxygenases show no such ... Kuhn, Hartmut; Walther, Matthias; Kuban, Ralf Jürgen (2002). "Mammalian arachidonate 15-lipoxygenases". Prostaglandins & Other ... "Characterization and separation of the arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase and linoleic acid omega-6 lipoxygenase (arachidonic acid ... Folcik, V A; Nivar-Aristy, R A; Krajewski, L P; Cathcart, M K (1995). "Lipoxygenase contributes to the oxidation of lipids in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid

... , also known as ALOX5, 5-lipoxygenase, 5-LOX, or 5-LO, is a non-heme iron-containing enzyme (EC 1.13 ... Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase is a member of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes. It transforms essential fatty acids (EFA) ... "Alox5 - arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase". WikiGenes. Fahel JS, de Souza MB, Gomes MT, Corsetti PP, Carvalho NB, Marinho FA, de ... Arachidonate+5-Lipoxygenase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Human ALOX5 genome location ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachidonate_5-lipoxygenase

... s are compounds that slow or stop the action of the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5- ... 1. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ...Specific function: Catalyzes the first step in leukotriene biosynthesis, and thereby plays a ... Antileukotriene agents Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5-inhibiting drugs David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox. Lehninger's ... Lipoxygenase+inhibitors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) MeSH list of agents 82016859 v t ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachidonate_5-lipoxygenase_inhibitor

Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type II is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALOX15B gene. ALOX15B, also known as 15- ... Xu XC, Shappell SB, Liang Z, Song S, Menter D, Subbarayan V, Iyengar S, Tang DG, Lippman SM (2003). "Reduced 15S-lipoxygenase-2 ... "Entrez Gene: ALOX15B arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, type B". Human ALOX15B genome location and ALOX15B gene details page in the ... Brash AR, Boeglin WE, Chang MS (Jun 1997). "Discovery of a second 15S-lipoxygenase in humans". Proceedings of the National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALOX15B

... an arachidonate lipoxygenase product". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1136 (3): 247-52. doi: ... inhibitor of 12-lipoxygenase but not other human lipoxygenases. This effect could also have anti-inflammatory and anti- ... Oxygenated by 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5 to form its 5,6-trans epoxide derivative which may then rearrange to the lipoxins (LX), ... Brash, A. R.; Boeglin, W. E.; Chang, M. S. (1997). "Discovery of a second 15S-lipoxygenase in humans". Proceedings of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid

ALOX12B (i.e. arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12R type) forms R chirality products, i.e. 12R-HpETE and 12R-HETE. Similarly, ... They include (HEPE is hydroxy-eicsapentaenoic acid): 5-HEPE (see Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase#Eicosapentaenoic acid), 12-HEPE, ... Lipoxygenases (LOXs): 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX or ALOX5) initiates the metabolism of arachidonic acid to 5- ... see Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase#Eicosapentaenoic acid); PGE3, PGD3, PGF3α, and Δ(17)-6-keto PGF1α; PGI3 (see Essential fatty ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eicosanoid

... leukocyte-type arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, or arachidonate omega-6 lipoxygenase. The second discovered human 15-lipoxygenase ... omega-6 lipoxygenase) from human leukocytes. Purification and structural homology to other mammalian lipoxygenases". The ... whereas the most unrelated lipoxygenase (5-lipoxygenase) was mapped to chromosome 10. Kelavkar and Badr (1999) stated that the ... ALOX15 (also termed arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, 15-lipoxygenase-1, 15-LO-1, 15-LOX-1) is, like other lipoxygenases, a seminal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALOX15

... oxygenation of this arachidonic acid by activated arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) to form 5(S)-hydroperoxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z- ... Second, human platelets use 12-lipoxygenase to metabolize 5-oxo-ETE to 5-oxo-12(S)-hydroperxy-eicosatetraenoat which is rapidly ... This transcellular production typically involves the limited variety of cell types that express active 5-lipoxygenase, lack ... First, human eosinophils use Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase-1 (or possibly Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase-2 to metabolize 5-oxo-ETE ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic_acid

... arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase MeSH D12.776.556.579.374.450.025.025 - arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase MeSH D12.776.556.579.374.450. ... lipoxygenase MeSH D12.776.556.579.374.450.025 - arachidonate lipoxygenases MeSH D12.776.556.579.374.450.025.020 - ... arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase MeSH D12.776.556.579.374.687 - retinal dehydrogenase MeSH D12.776.556.579.374.925 - tyrosine 3- ... interleukin-15 MeSH D12.776.467.374.400.505.516 - interleukin-16 MeSH D12.776.467.374.400.505.517 - interleukin-17 MeSH D12.776 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776)

... arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.416.444.050.060 - arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.416.444. ... lipoxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.416.444.050 - arachidonate lipoxygenases MeSH D08.811.682.690.416.444.050.055 - ... 050.065 - arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.416.444.525 - protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690. ... beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.708.392.468 - Linoleoyl-CoA desaturase MeSH D08.811.682.690.708.392.625 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D08)

In humans, Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO, 12-LOX, ALO12, or platelet type 12-lipoxygenase) is encoded by the ALOX12 gene ... 12-lipoxygenase gene, see lipoxygenase#mouse lipoxygenases) are resistant to a) streptozotocin-induced, b) high fat diet- ... Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12R type, also termed 12RLOX and encoded by the ALOX12B gene, is expressed primarily in skin and ... Nugteren, D. H. (1975). "Arachidonate lipoxygenase in blood platelets". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid

... also termed arachidonate-5-lipoxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, 5-LO, and 5-LOX). ALOX5 metabolizes arachidonic acid to its ... 12-Lipoxygenase (i.e. ALOX12) to metabolize 5(S)-HETE to 5(S),12(S)-diHETE. The activity of this product has not yet been fully ... by the arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase-1-based or arachidonate 15-lipoxygenased-2-based metabolism of 5-oxo-ETE; and f) conversion ... The relative potencies of 5-oxo-ETE, 5-oxo-15(S)-HETE, 5-(S)-HETE, 5-(S),15-(S)-diHETE, 5-oxo-20-hydroxy-ETE, 5-(S),20-diHETE, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein also known as 5-lipoxygenase activating protein, or FLAP, is a protein that in ... Zintzaras E, Rodopoulou P, Sakellaridis N (March 2009). "Variants of the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein ( ... "Associations of genetic polymorphisms of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein with risk of coronary artery disease in ... "Cytogenetic and radiation hybrid mapping of human arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP) to chromosome 13q12 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-lipoxygenase-activating_protein

"ALOX5 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". Haeggström, J. Z.; Funk, C. D. (2011). "Lipoxygenase ... Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) (EC 1.13.11.31InterPro: IPR001885), also termed 12-lipoxygenase, platelet type platelet ... LOX-DB - LipOXygenases DataBase Lipoxygenases iron-binding region in PROSITE PDB: 1YGE - structure of lipoxygenase-1 from ... There are several lipoxygenase structures known including: soybean lipoxygenase L1 and L3, coral 8-lipoxygenase, human 5- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoxygenase

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Leukotriene 15-Hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid Greene ER, Huang S, Serhan ... The primary product of the lipoxygenase, 15-HPETE is believed to react with the enzyme further to produce the 14,15-epoxide, ... lipoxygenases (5-LOX, 12-LOX, 15-LOXa, 15-LOXb), and cytochrome P450s, respectively. These pathways are the target of approved ... is then converted to a series of eoxins by the same enzymes that metabolize the 5-lipoxygenase product of arachidonic acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoxin

... also known as arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12-lipoxygenase, 12S-Lipoxygenase, 12-LOX, and 12S-LOX is a lipoxygenase-type ... "Entrez Gene: ALOX12 arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase". Yamamoto S, Suzuki H, Ueda N (March 1997). "Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenases". ... arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase, Delta12-lipoxygenase, 12Delta-lipoxygenase, and C-12 lipoxygenase. ALOX12, often termed ... Nugteren DH (February 1975). "Arachidonate lipoxygenase in blood platelets". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALOX12

... arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase EC 1.13.11.32: Now EC 1.13.12.16, nitronate monooxygenase EC 1.13.11.33: arachidonate 15- ... lipoxygenase EC 1.13.11.34: arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase EC 1.13.11.35: pyrogallol 1,2-oxygenase EC 1.13.11.36: chloridazon- ... inoleate 8R-lipoxygenase EC 1.13.11.61: linolenate 9R-lipoxygenase EC 1.13.11.62: linoleate 10R-lipoxygenase EC 1.13.11.63: β- ... arachidonate 8-lipoxygenase EC 1.13.11.41: 2,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone dioxygenase EC 1.13.11.42: identical to EC 1.13.11.11, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)

Ghosh J, Myers CE (1998). "Inhibition of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase triggers massive apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells ... mediates the survival-promoting effects of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase in prostate cancer cells". Cancer Lett. 336 (1): 185-95 ... Hussey HJ, Tisdale MJ (1996). "Inhibition of tumour growth by lipoxygenase inhibitors". Br. J. Cancer. 74 (5): 683-687. doi: ... Wijkander J, O'Flaherty JT, Nixon AB, Wykle RL (1995). "5-Lipoxygenase products modulate the activity of the 85-kDa ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxoeicosanoid_receptor_1

... s are synthesized in the cell from arachidonic acid by arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase. The catalytic mechanism involves ... and donated by the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) to 5-lipoxygenase.[citation needed] 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) uses FLAP ... by the enzyme arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase. Leukotrienes use lipid signaling to convey information to either the cell producing ... Recent research points to a role of 5-lipoxygenase in cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Leukotrienes are very ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukotriene

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, B-cell linker, BCAR1, BCR gene, Beta-2 adrenergic receptor, C-Met, CBLB, CD117, CD22, CD28, CDKN1B ... Lepley RA, Fitzpatrick FA (September 1994). "5-Lipoxygenase contains a functional Src homology 3-binding motif that interacts ... "Competitive binding assay of src homology domain 3 interactions between 5-lipoxygenase and growth factor receptor binding ... 15 (13): 1565-72. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201518. PMID 9380408. Sahni M, Zhou XM, Bakiri L, Schlessinger J, Baron R, Levy JB ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB2

When acting on GLA, arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase produces no leukotrienes and the conversion by the enzyme of arachidonic acid ... Borage oil contains 20% GLA, evening primrose oil ranges from 8% to 10% GLA, and black-currant oil contains 15-20%. The human ... DGLA itself cannot be converted to LTs but can form a 15-hydroxyl derivative that blocks the transformation of arachidonic acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Linolenic_acid

Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase (processes essential fatty acids to leukotrienes, which are important agents in the inflammatory ... protocadherin 15 PI4K2A: phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase 2-alpha PIP4K2A: phosphatidylinositol 5 phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alpha ... encoding protein F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 15 FGFR2: fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (bacteria-expressed kinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_10

"Entrez Gene: ALOXE3 arachidonate lipoxygenase 3". Schneider C, Brash AR (August 2002). "Lipoxygenase-catalyzed formation of R- ... Epidermis-type lipoxygenase 3 (ALOXE3 or eLOX3) is a member of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes; in humans, it is encoded by ... The epidermis-type lipoxygenases are now regarded as a distinct subclass within the multigene family of mammalian lipoxygenases ... "Lipoxygenase-3 (ALOXE3) and 12(R)-lipoxygenase (ALOX12B) are mutated in non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALOXE3

... is an enzyme that metabolizes an eicosanoid product of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), 5(S)-hydroxy-6S,8Z,11Z,14Z- ... A 15-hydroxyicosatetraenoate dehydrogenase metabolizes 15-Hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid (i.e. 15(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E- ... 15(S)-HETE, leukotriene B4, a racemate mixture of 9-HETE, a racemate mixture of 11-HETE, or a 5(S)-hydroxy-6-trans 12 carbon ... to its 15-keto analog, 15-oxo-ETE (see 15-Hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid using NAD+ and NADH rather than NADP+ and NADPH as its co ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Hydroxyeicosanoid_dehydrogenase

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase has been identified as playing a significant role in the survival of prostate cancer cells. ... In particular, arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors produce massive, rapid programmed cell death in prostate cancer cells. ... Ghosh J, Myers CE (October 1998). "Inhibition of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase triggers massive apoptosis in human prostate ... The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway is implicated in the development and progression of human cancers. 5-LOX, whose crystal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

Antileukotriene Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor Antihistamines Hooper, Nigel M. (2013). Membrane dipeptidase. Handbook of ... Leukotrienes are produced from arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase (which is made from phospholipids in the cell membrane) and ... 58 (15): 6093-6113. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00741. ISSN 0022-2623. PMID 26200813. (Articles with short description, Short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cysteinyl-leukotriene_type_1_receptor_antagonists

... see Lipoxygenase#Biological function and classification#Human lipoxygenases) that also contains a very long chain fatty acid. ... and concurrently the 8Z double bond in this arachidonate moves to the 9E position to form the intermediate product, 12S- ... Muñoz-Garcia, A; Thomas, C. P.; Keeney, D. S.; Zheng, Y; Brash, A. R. (2014). "The importance of the lipoxygenase-hepoxilin ... Muñoz-Garcia, A; Thomas, C. P.; Keeney, D. S.; Zheng, Y; Brash, A. R. (2014). "The importance of the lipoxygenase-hepoxilin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepoxilin

... arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) or leukotriene receptor antagonists (cysteinyl leukotriene receptors), and consequently oppose the ... 15 (11): 527-532. doi:10.1016/0167-5699(94)90209-7. PMID 7802923. Mathison, Ronald D.; Malkinson, Terrance; Cooper, K.E.; ... Ottani, Alessandra; Leone, Sheila; Sandrini, Maurizio; Ferrari, Anna; Bertolini, Alfio (February 15, 2006). "The analgesic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-inflammatory

Other lipoxygenases-8-LO, 12-LO and 15-LO-make other eicosanoid-like products. To act, 5-LO uses the nuclear-membrane enzyme 5- ... Phinney SD, Odin RS, Johnson SB, Holman RT (March 1990). "Reduced arachidonate in serum phospholipids and cholesteryl esters ... Lipoxygenase oxidation removes no C=C double bonds and leads to the LK. After oxidation, the eicosanoids are further modified, ... DGLA and EPA compete with AA for access to the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. So the presence of DGLA and EPA in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_fatty_acid_interactions

... inclusion of dietary arachidonate and docosahexaenoate leads to increased brain levels of the corresponding N-acylethanolamines ... role of vanilloid receptors and lipoxygenases". The Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (10): 4127-4133. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-10- ... 86 (15-16): 615-623. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2009.06.003. PMC 2848893. PMID 19527737. Pacher P, Bátkai S, Kunos G (September 2006). " ... 106 (15): 6375-6380. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.6375K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901515106. PMC 2669397. PMID 19307565. Oddi S, Fezza F, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anandamide

The eicosanoids formed in the ALOX12 (i.e. arachidonate-12-lipoxygnease) pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, 12S- ... April 2012). "Spinal 12-lipoxygenase-derived hepoxilin A3 contributes to inflammatory hyperalgesia via activation of TRPV1 and ... 27 (3): 200-15. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2015.03.004. PMC 4515371. PMID 25857211. Macpherson LJ, Dubin AE, Evans MJ, Marr F, Schultz ... May 2013). "Systematic analysis of rat 12/15-lipoxygenase enzymes reveals critical role for spinal eLOX3 hepoxilin synthase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPA1

Brock TG (December 2005). "Regulating leukotriene synthesis: the role of nuclear 5-lipoxygenase" (PDF). Journal of Cellular ... The endocannabinoid system, broadly speaking, includes: The endogenous arachidonate-based lipids, anandamide (N- ... 45 (15): 4720-6. doi:10.1021/bi060163l. PMC 1538545. PMID 16605240. Pazos MR, Núñez E, Benito C, Tolón RM, Romero J (June 2005 ... 15: 747229. doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.747229. PMC 8581450. PMID 34776851. Baggelaar MP, Maccarrone M, van der Stelt M (July 2018 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocannabinoid_system

"Depletion of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase up-regulates arachidonate metabolism by 12S-lipoxygenase and ... untranslated region of human glutathione peroxidase 4 influences lipoxygenase metabolism". Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 29 (2): 174-8 ... "Glutathione peroxidase 4 senses and translates oxidative stress into 12/15-lipoxygenase dependent- and AIF-mediated cell death ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPX4

... amines by the lipoxygenase pathway". European Journal of Biochemistry. 267 (7): 2000-7. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01203.x. ... inclusion of dietary arachidonate and docosahexaenoate leads to increased brain levels of the corresponding N-acylethanolamines ... or its linoleoyl analogues by lipoxygenase action. N-Docosahexaenoyl ethanolamine (DHEA: C24H37NO2; 22:6, ω-3), or Anandamide ( ... 4 can also be oxygenated via lipoxygenase (LOX) or cyclooxygenase (COX), to produce ethanolamide oxylipins, like prostaglandin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acylethanolamine

Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase in human corneal epithelium and 12- and 15-lipoxygenases in bovine corneal epithelium: comparison ... Biochemical and immunohistochemical evidence for selective expression of novel epithelial lipoxygenases. Shannon, V.R., ... Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase in human corneal epithelium and 12- and 15-lipoxygenases in bovine corneal epithelium: comparison ... with other bovine 12-lipoxygenases [2].. *Human tracheal epithelial cells contain an arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, while the ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/282139.html

Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase * Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase Grant support * P01 HL114453/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ... 15 81377 Munich, Germany.. *3 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, ... 15 81377 Munich, Germany.. *11 Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22 81675 Munich, Germany. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25402683/?dopt=Abstract

Anti-inflammatory activities were also studied and highest percent inhibition was recorded against 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) for ... COX-2, phospholipase A2 and lipoxygenases (eicosanoid generating enzymes), thereby decreasing leukotrienes and prostanoid ... Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase; sPLA2: phospholipase A2; COX: cyclooxygenase. Values are means ± SD from three replicates. ... Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of silymarin acting through inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase. Phytomedicine 2000, 7 ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/7/1207

15 Suppl 2: p. 65-71.. *Liu, L., et al., Lycium barbarum polysaccharides protected human retinal pigment epithelial cells ... 512(2-3): p. 105-15.. *Kimura, I., Medical benefits of using natural compounds and their derivatives having multiple ... 15]. However, the therapeutic effects of the remaining herbs on DR, such as Codonopsis pilosula, Semen Cuscutae and Cistanche, ... 15 for Ligusticum wallichii, 17 for Salvia miltiorrhiza and 13 for Codonopsis pilosula, for a total of 130 bioactive components ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-90763/v1

M1 macrophages exhibited preferential induction of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP), whereas M2 ... arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15). Polarization of macrophages in vitro differentially induced ALOX5AP in M1 macrophages or ... Of the men found HIV positive, and 13.0% were aged 15 to 24 years, 60.3% were aged 25 to 39, 20.9% were aged 40 to 49 and 5.8% ... Here, we showed in 15 healthy young adults that VZV-specific B and CD4 T cell responses are detectable in bone marrow (BM) and ...

https://www.cdc.gov/library/sciclips/issues/v12issue23.html

M1 macrophages exhibited preferential induction of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP), whereas M2 ... macrophages had a high level expression of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15). Polarization of macrophages in vitro ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=+%27ultrafine%2A%27+OR+%28%27nano%2A%27+AND+%27particle%2A%27%29+OR+%27nanotech%2A%27+OR+%27nanomaterial%2A%27+OR+%27nanoparticle%2A%27+OR+%27nanotube%2A%27+&f1=%2A&Startyear=&terms=3&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&Limit=25000&Sort=DP+DESC&whichdate=DP&D1=10&EndYear=&PageNo=15&RecNo=141&View=f&

arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase .... AMMECR1. 9949. AMMECR1. AMMECR nuclear protein 1 [Sou.... ARAP1. 116985. ARAP1. ArfGAP with ...

https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/GSE26928_CENTR_MEMORY_VS_CXCR5_POS_CD4_TCELL_DN.html

Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase 100% * Proton-Motive Force 86% * Cell Culture Techniques 49% ... Hirano, A. A., Hack, I., Wässle, H. & Duvoisin, R. M., May 22 2000, In: Journal of Comparative Neurology. 421, 1, p. 80-94 15 p ... Francesconi, A. & Duvoisin, R. M., Feb 15 2004, In: Journal of Neuroscience Research. 75, 4, p. 472-479 8 p.. Research output: ... Francesconi, A. & Duvoisin, R. M., Mar 15 2002, In: Journal of Neuroscience. 22, 6, p. 2196-2205 10 p.. Research output: ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/persons/robert-duvoisin/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle

A Primary Determinant for Lipoxygenase Postional Specificity. Nature 354, 149-152. A Primary Determinant for Lipoxygenase ... Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase from human leukocytes: purification and structural homology to other mammalian lipoxygenases.. ... omega-6 lipoxygenase) from human leukocytes. Purification and structural homology to other mammalian lipoxygenases.. The ... Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase from human eosinophil-enriched leukocytes: partial purification and properties.. Biochemical and ...

https://msg.ucsf.edu/people/charles-s-craik-phd

Arachidonate 15 Lipoxygenase Medicine and Dentistry 100% * Lipoxygenases Chemistry 90% * Fiber Chemistry 70% ... 12/15-lipoxygenase gene deficiency did not affect weight gain or blood glucose concentrations. Diabetic wild-type mice ... 12/15-lipoxygenase gene deficiency did not affect weight gain or blood glucose concentrations. Diabetic wild-type mice ... 12/15-lipoxygenase gene deficiency did not affect weight gain or blood glucose concentrations. Diabetic wild-type mice ...

https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/different-roles-of-1215-lipoxygenase-in-diabetic-large-and-small-

Pharmacological inhibition of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase protects human spermatozoa against oxidative stress. Walters, J. L. ... Huxtable, A., Millar, L., Love, P., Bell, C. & Whelan, J., May 2018, In: Nutrients. 10, 5, p. 1-15 15 p., 545.. Research output ... Prosser, B., Flinders, M., Jennings, W., Renwick, A., Spada, P., Stoker, G. & Ghose, K., 15 Mar 2018, In: Contemporary Politics ... Bainbridge, J., Nov 2018, In: Participations: journal of audience and reception studies. 15, 2, p. 365-375 11 p.. Research ...

https://researchprofiles.canberra.edu.au/en/publications/?ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=false&showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&originalSearch=&improvedLayoutOrganisationUuid=&format=&page=446

91; was see under ARACHIDONATE LIPOXYGENASES 1987-90. History Note:. 91(87); was see under ARACHIDONATE LIPOXYGENASES 1987-90. ... Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase - Preferred Concept UI. M0001647. Scope note. An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of ... Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase Entry term(s). 15 Lipoxygenase 15-Lipoxygenase 15-Lipoxygenase, Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase, ... Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Entry term(s):. 15 Lipoxygenase. 15-Lipoxygenase. 15-Lipoxygenase, Arachidonate. 15-Lipoxygenase, ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=19076

Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (substance). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (substance). ...

https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewCodeSystemConcept.action?oid=2.16.840.1.113883.6.96&code=61177002

Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase; Exhibits lipoxin synthase activity as part of a bacterial evasion strategy to suppress the host ... Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase; Exhibits lipoxin synthase activity as part of a bacterial evasion strategy to suppress the host ... Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase; Exhibits lipoxin synthase activity as part of a bacterial evasion strategy to suppress the host ...

https://string-db.org/network/287.DR97_766

Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase. Protein classi. Protein class(es) of the gene product according to selected gene lists. List of ...

http://v19.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000161905-ALOX15/cell

Identification of 15-hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid as a vasoactive 15-lipoxygenase metabolite in rabbit aorta. ... Dive into the research topics of Identification of 15-hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid as a vasoactive 15-lipoxygenase ...

https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/identification-of-15-hydroxy-1112-epoxyeicosatrienoic-acid-as-a-v/fingerprints/

linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase activity(GO:0016165). 0.0. 0.1. GO:0015173. aromatic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity( ... arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, type B. chr19_+_35899569. 0.08. ENST00000600405.1. AC002511.1. AC002511.1. chr11_+_34643600. 0.08 ...

https://www.ismara.unibas.ch/ISMARA/scratch/NHBE_SC2/ismara_report/pages/FOXA2_FOXJ3.html

Human 5-LO(Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase) ELISA Kit. TK02192. $586. Human α1ACT(Alpha1 Antichymotrypsin) ELISA Kit. ...

https://tzybiotech.com/researcharea/cardiovascular

arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, type B [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:434]. Prostate, Skin ...

https://bioinfo.uth.edu/TissGDB/gene_search_result_0.cgi?type=significantlyMutatedGenes2&significantlyMutatedGenes2=Prostate

Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase to starting VPA therapy. One patient in arm 1 had a viral load of 55 copies/mL when starting the ...

https://fak-receptor.com/index.php/2018/05/

12-Lipoxygenase use Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase 12-Methoxyibogamine use Ibogaine 12-R-HETE use 12-Hydroxy-5.8,10,14- ... 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/DeCS2009_Alfab-0a9_ing.htm

EOS highly expressed arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), and EOS deficiency largely repressed ALOX15 expression in lungs. ... At times of 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min, bacteria adhesion on SBS-functionalized surfaces is reduced relative to the control ... 15. Genetic variant ABCC1 rs45511401 is associated with increased response to statins in patients with familial ... Frequencies of HLA-B*15:02 and HLA-B*58:01 were highest across Asia, which has important implications for the risk of severe ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=au:Zhou,+Yitian

Induction of epithelial arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase at active sites of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol 264(1 Pt 1): ... Induction of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase at active sites of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physoil (Gastorinterol) 264:G104- ... Selective expression of an arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase by pancreatic islet beta-cells. Am J Physiol 263(5 Pt 1):E828-36, 11/ ... Related expression of arachidonate 12- and 15-lipoxygenases in animal and human lung tissue. Am J Physiol 261(6 Pt 1):L399-405 ...

https://sciforschenonline.org/journals/cancer-research/vickie-r-shannon.php

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase. enzyme. Cannabidiol. Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase. enzyme. Cannabidiol. Quinone oxidoreductase. ...

https://go.drugbank.com/categories/DBCAT002709

Temperature stability profiles Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase were determined by incubating the enzyme at temperatures of 40-80 ° ... Amplification was performed with an initial incubation at 95 °C for 15 min, followed by 30 cycles of 94 °C for 1 min, 55 °C for ...

https://jakenzyme.com/2018/04

... experiments confirmed a critical role for FcαRI in the negative regulation of macrophage function Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase ... The CRTH2 agonists PGD2 and 15dPGJ2 increase the expression of CR3 (CD11b) on eosinophils and basophils via CRTH2.[15, 27] ... As large numbers of allergens possess enzymatic activities [14, 15], we examined tryptic, chymotryptic, metalloproteinase and ...

https://wee1signals.com/index.php/2018/11/

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase expression and enhance the polarization and function of M1 ... M1 macrophages exhibited preferential induction of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP), whereas M2 ... Inhal Toxicol 2020 32 (1) 1-15 Abstract. Objective: In this study, we compared in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of nitrogen- ... macrophages had a high level expression of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15). Polarization of macrophages in vitro ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/cdcSCFinder.action?Mysubmit=init&action=search&query=Porter+DW+

It has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative, a drug allergen, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor ... Sodium Benzoate Solubility In Methanol: 8.22 g/100 g (15 °C); 7.55 g/100 g (66.2 °C) ...

https://www.laballey.com/products/sodium-benzoate-fcc

Pam2Cys.125 Lipopeptides were able to Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase induce specific CD8+ T-cell responses in HLA-A2 transgenic ... 15] Progression of APS-related renal TMA to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has been reported in a limited number of cases,[14 ... However, there was more progression of PPF in males (15, 8.5%) compared with females (9, 5.1%). The high number of females with ... Since L-plastin is an actin bundling protein which may stabilize actin filaments 15, we next asked whether L-plastin ...

https://p450inhibitors.com/index.php/2019/02/

Up-regulation of 12/15-lipoxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to 12(S)- and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, causes impaired cell signaling, oxidative-nitrosative stress, and inflammation. (uthscsa.edu)
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 15-hydroperoxyarachidonate (15-HPETE) which is rapidly converted to 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoate (15- HETE ). (bvsalud.org)
The renal cortex does not metabolize arachidonic acid through the lipoxygenase pathway. (wustl.edu)
5-Lipoxygenase, Human, Recombinant, S. frugiperda E.C 1.13.11.34, catalyzes the formation of 5(S)-HpETE from arachidonic acid and its subsequent conversion to leukotriene A4. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) converts arachidonic acid to 12(S)-(HETE). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Prometastatic metabolite of arachidonic acid via the 12-lipoxygenase pathway that is expressed in many tumor cell lines. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Recently, 14,15-HxA3 and 14,15-HxB3 have been defined as arachidonic acid derivatives that are produced by a different metabolic pathway than HxA3, HxB3, HxA4, or HxB4 and differ from the aforementioned hepoxilins in the positions of their hydroxyl and epoxide residues. (wikipedia.org)
First, molecular oxygen (O 2 ) is added to carbon 12 of arachidonic acid (i.e. 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid) and concurrently the 8 Z double bond in this arachidonate moves to the 9 E position to form the intermediate product, 12 S -hydroperoxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (i.e. 12 S -hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid or 12 S -HpETE). (wikipedia.org)
Basil may be a useful antiinflammatory agent which block both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. (raysahelian.com)

M1 macrophages exhibited preferential induction of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP), whereas M2 macrophages had a high level expression of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15). (cdc.gov)

Thus, there is regional metabolism of arachidonate to monohydroxy eicosanoids in the kidney. (wustl.edu)
Collectively, these landmark discoveries provided initial insight into the COX pathway of arachidonate metabolism. (medscape.com)
The results of antiinflammatory activity support the dual inhibition of arachidonate metabolism as indicated by its activity in inflammation models that are insensitive to selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors. (raysahelian.com)

Obesity is associated with increased expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway and increased Leukotrienes (LTs) production has been observed in obese asthma patients. (utmb.edu)
The 14,15-HxA3 and 14,15-HxB3 non-classical eicosanoids are distinguished from the aforementioned hepoxilins in that they are formed by a different metabolic pathway and differ in the positioning of their epoxide and hydroxyl residues. (wikipedia.org)

Inhibition of 12/15-LOX activity and ceramide pattern in the murine brain. (edu.pl)

This should be considered in the selection of endpoints for future clinical trials of 12/15-lipoxygenase inhibitors. (uthscsa.edu)

A cell-permeable, highly potent, selective, active site directed, mixed type inhibitor of lipoxygenase-12/15 (IC50 = 200 nM for human). (sigmaaldrich.com)

Enzima que cataliza la oxidación del ácido araquidónico para formar 15-hidroperoxiaraquidonato (15-HPETE), que es convertido rápidamente en 15-hidroxi-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoato (15-HETE). (bvsalud.org)

Diabetic wild-type mice displayed increased sciatic nerve 12/15-lipoxygenase and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid levels. (uthscsa.edu)
The mass spectra matched previously published mass spectra for 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraeinoic acid and 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid. (wustl.edu)

12/15-lipoxygenase gene deficiency did not affect weight gain or blood glucose concentrations. (uthscsa.edu)

Current molecular medicine , 15 (7), 598-605. (utmb.edu)

Biochemical and immunohistochemical evidence for selective expression of novel epithelial lipoxygenases. (wikigenes.org)

Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase in human corneal epithelium and 12- and 15-lipoxygenases in bovine corneal epithelium: comparison with other bovine 12-lipoxygenases. (wikigenes.org)

Journal of Immunotoxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by CDC Information Center on 03/30/15 inflammatory response (Maestrelli et al. (cdc.gov)

Amplification was performed with an initial incubation at 95 °C for 15 min, followed by 30 cycles of 94 °C for 1 min, 55 °C for 1 min, 72 °C for 90 seconds and a final extension at 72 °C for 10 min. (jakenzyme.com)

An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. (mcw.edu)
Sodium benzoate is an organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.It has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative, a drug allergen, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor, an algal metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite. (yahoo.com)
It has a role as a plant metabolite, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an antioxidant and an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor. (nih.gov)

5-Lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP) gene variants associate with the presence of xanthomas in familial hypercholesterolemia. (cdc.gov)
the enzymes 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO, ALOX5) with its activating protein, FLAP (ALOX5AP), LTA(4) hydrolase and LTC(4) synthase, as well as the receptors for leukotriene B(4) (BLT(1) and BLT(2)) and cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLT(1) and CysLT(2)), respectively. (nih.gov)

The arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease: a multicentre European Scleroderma Trials and Research group (EUSTAR) study. (cdc.gov)
Ischemic stroke risk in a southeastern Chinese population: Insights from 5-lipoxygenase activating protein and phosphodiesterase 4D single-nucleotide polymorphisms. (cdc.gov)
Helgadottir and colleagues 44 showed that a promoter haplotype comprising 4 linked polymorphisms in the 5-LO activating peptide (an accessory protein that facilitates presentation of substrate arachidonate to 5-LO) confers an approximately 2-fold increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in an Icelandic population. (healthfully.org)
Identification of a naturally occurring peroxidase-lipoxygenase fusion protein. (vanderbilt.edu)
Gür ZT, Çalışkan B, Banoglu E. Drug discovery approaches targeting 5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Protein (FLAP) for inhibition of cellular leukotriene biosynthesis. (eurekaselect.com)

Consistent with this finding, another study profiling lipid autacoids in diabetic vitreous humor from 47 individuals undergoing vitreoretinal surgery showed a direct diabetes-specific effect on vitreous lipid metabolites, including arachidonate and docosahexanoate-derived metabolites. (medscape.com)
This study is the first to demonstrate diabetes-specific changes in vitreous lipid autacoids including arachidonate and docosahexanoate-derived metabolites indicating an increase in inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory lipid mediators that correlated with increased levels of inflammatory and angiogenic proteins, further supporting the notion that inflammation plays a role the pathogenesis of this disease. (diabetesjournals.org)

mRNA expression of enzymes mediating the biosynthesis of eicosanoids, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), but not 12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX), was upregulated in liver macrophages 3-24 h after LPS, with no effect on lung macrophages. (nih.gov)
The inflammatory environment within the atherosclerotic lesion stimulates the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, leading to the biosynthesis of the potent lipid inflammatory mediators leukotrienes. (nih.gov)
40 Furthermore, work from Serhan's group shows that acetylation of COX-2 by low-dose aspirin leads to its biosynthesis of 15 R -hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. (healthfully.org)
On the mechanism of biosynthesis of 5- and 15-series leukotrienes. (vanderbilt.edu)

COX2 converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis, including production of inflammatory prostaglandins. (thermofisher.com)
The conversion of arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 is a 2 step reaction: a cyclooxygenase (COX) reaction which converts arachidonate to prostaglandin G2 (PGG2) and a peroxidase reaction in which PGG2 is reduced to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). (thermofisher.com)
Sequential high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses of islet-derived metabolites of 3 H-labeled arachidonate in both reversed and normal phases with 14 C-labeled internal standards have demonstrated synthesis by the islets of the cyclooxygenase products prostaglandin E 2 , prostaglandin F 2α , thromboxane B 2 and 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid as well as the lipoxygenase product 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). (wustl.edu)
Sequential high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses of islet-derived metabolites of 3H-labeled arachidonate in both reversed and normal phases with 14C-labeled internal standards have demonstrated synthesis by the islets of the cyclooxygenase products prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2α, thromboxane B2 and 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid as well as the lipoxygenase product 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). (wustl.edu)
1) prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase [COX]), (2) lipoxygenase (LO), (3) P450 epoxygenase, and (4) (nonenzymatic) isoprostane synthesis. (healthfully.org)

2020 May 15;295(20):6946-6957. (uiowa.edu)

15-LOX-2, which is expressed in epithelial cells and leukocytes, has different substrate specificity in the humans and mice, therefore, the role of them in mammals has not been established. (nih.gov)

These studies establish that cells intrinsic to pancreatic islets synthesize a clearly characterized profile of arachidonate lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products. (wustl.edu)

Inhibiting the 5-lipoxygenase pathway through either leukotriene synthesis inhibitors or leukotriene receptor antagonists in experimental models of atherosclerosis has however generated contradictory results. (nih.gov)

Molecular structure and function of the porcine arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase gene. (glycosciences.de)
Previously, we found that c-Jun induction was required in epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced human 12(S)-lipoxygenase (12(S)-LOX) gene expression in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. (ncl.edu.tw)

2001). Stimulation of neuroendocrine axes, such as hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (HPA) and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads (HPG) induces secretion of hormones which have profound effects on immune response (Besedovsky et al. (pafr-signal.com)
15. Conditional expression of human 15-lipoxygenase-1 in mouse prostate induces prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: the FLiMP mouse model. (nih.gov)

We identified 15-epi lipoxin A4, a stable lipoxin isoform derived from aspirin treatment, as potentially beneficial in the resolution of tendon inflammation. (ox.ac.uk)

The 3'UTR of 15-LOX mRNA contains tandem repeat sequences, referred to as 'DICE' for 'DIfferentiation Control Element' which specifically bind to regulatory proteins, formerly called LOX-BP. (cnr.it)

6. 15-lipoxygenase-1 expression upregulates and activates insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
[1] Glucocorticoids are corticosteroids that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor [15] that is present in almost every vertebrate animal cell. (wikipedia.org)

Inflammation's role in development of atheromatous plaque was reported in Scientific American in 1978-jk] Although 12-LO and 15-LO appear to contribute to LDL oxidation, the data supporting the proatherogenic role of these enzymes are inconsistent. (healthfully.org)
The first method deter-mined the effect of clove oil against cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes in platelets. (org.pk)
F. Enzymes The highly active enzyme that catalyzes lipid oxidation, lipoxygenase, is contained in beans and cereals. (firnm.net)

Platelets contaminating the isolated islet preparations have been excluded as the source of the identified arachidonate metabolites. (wustl.edu)

Synthesis of the identified metabolites from endogenous arachidonate has also been quantitated with the use of deuterated internal standards, capillary column gas chromatographic analyses, and negative ion-chemical ionization mass spectrometric measurements. (wustl.edu)
The relative abundances of metabolites derived from exogenous, radiolabeled arachidonate versus endogenous precursor differed considerably, and 12-HETE was by far the most abundant of these metabolites synthesized from endogenous arachidonate. (wustl.edu)

1995 . Studies on the regulation and localization of 5-lipoxygenase in human B-lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
17. Regulation of 15-lipoxygenase expression and mucus secretion by IL-4 in human bronchial epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
Structure and regulation of arachidonate 11R-lipoxygenase = Arahhidoon. (digar.ee)

1999 . The arachidonate 12/15 lipoxygenases. (nih.gov)
J Bacteriol 1999, 181:1203-1210.PubMed 15. (sirtsignaling.com)

This binding specifically inhibits 15-LOX mRNA translation. (cnr.it)

In vivo and in vitro lipid peroxidation of arachidonate esters: the effect of fish oil omega-3 lipids on product distribution. (vanderbilt.edu)

The 12-,15-, and 5-LOs all have key roles in inflammation, and the role of each in atherosclerosis has been examined. (healthfully.org)

Erythroid 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) synthesized in the early stages of erytropoiesis catalyses the degradation of lipids and is an important factor responsible for the degradation of mitochondria during reticulocyte maturation. (cnr.it)
Vitreous lipids included lipoxygenase (LO)- and cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP)-derived eicosanoids. (diabetesjournals.org)

Concurrently, lowered levels of anti-inflammatory autacoids including 15-HETE, resolvins, neuroprotectin D1 and epoxytrienoic acids were observed in the diabetic vitreous humor compared with nondiabetic vitreous. (medscape.com)

50: 10-15, Mar. 2021. (bvsalud.org)

2011 . 5-oxo-ETE is a major oxidative stress-induced arachidonate metabolite in B lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
The 15-hydroperoxides are preferentially formed in NEUTROPHILS and LYMPHOCYTES . (nih.gov)

Commercially available extracts from Boswellia serrata resin used as anti-inflammatory drugs or phytonutrients show paradoxical concentration-dependent potentiating and inhibitory actions on 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) product synthesis in stimulated PMNs. (nih.gov)
Journal of Immunotoxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by CDC Information Center on 03/30/15 inflammatory response (Maestrelli et al. (cdc.gov)

Nat Rev Immunol 15:511-52326139350. (nih.gov)

4. Distinct effects of annexin A7 and p53 on arachidonate lipoxygenation in prostate cancer cells involve 5-lipoxygenase transcription. (nih.gov)

On the role of molecular oxygen in lipoxygenase activation: comparison and contrast of epidermal lipoxygenase-3 with soybean lipoxygenase-1. (vanderbilt.edu)

Site-directed mutagenesis studies on the iron-binding domain and the determinant for the substrate oxygenation site of porcine leukocyte arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase. (glycosciences.de)

The prostaglandins are synthesized in the cell membrane by the cleavage of arachidonate from the phospholipids that make up the membrane. (fingerwaverecords.com)

Vitreous was recovered from 47 individuals undergoing vitreoretinal surgery: 16 had nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 15 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 7 had retinal detachments, and 9 had epiretinal membranes. (diabetesjournals.org)

15. A Stromal Lysolipid-Autotaxin Signaling Axis Promotes Pancreatic Tumor Progression. (nih.gov)

Anatomy27

Organisms11

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs169

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes24

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

cDNA cloning of 15-lipoxygenase type 2 and 12-lipoxygenases of bovine corneal epithelium. (1/405)

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein and plasma by 15-lipoxygenase and free radicals. (2/405)

Tissue-specific translational regulation of alternative rabbit 15-lipoxygenase mRNAs differing in their 3'-untranslated regions. (3/405)

Regulation of 15-lipoxygenase expression and mucus secretion by IL-4 in human bronchial epithelial cells. (4/405)

Effects of mutant p53 expression on human 15-lipoxygenase-promoter activity and murine 12/15-lipoxygenase gene expression: evidence that 15-lipoxygenase is a mutator gene. (5/405)

Disruption of the 12/15-lipoxygenase gene diminishes atherosclerosis in apo E-deficient mice. (6/405)

All ApoB-containing lipoproteins induce monocyte chemotaxis and adhesion when minimally modified. Modulation of lipoprotein bioactivity by platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase. (7/405)

The inhibition of mammalian 15-lipoxygenases by the anti-inflammatory drug ebselen: dual-type mechanism involving covalent linkage and alteration of the iron ligand sphere. (8/405)

Lipoxygenase

Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase

Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase

Lipoxygenase Inhibitors

Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase

Arachidonate Lipoxygenases

Arachidonic Acid

Arachidonic Acids

12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid

Leukotrienes

Masoprocol

5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Proteins

4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine

Leukotriene B4

Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids

Linoleic Acids

Calcimycin

Phospholipases A

5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid

Phospholipases A2

Eicosanoids

Leukotriene A4

Indomethacin

Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases

Eicosanoic Acids

Linoleic Acid

SRS-A

Blood Platelets

Thromboxane B2

Prostaglandins E

Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors

Prostaglandins

Lipid Peroxides

Phospholipids

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Dinoprostone

Neutrophils

Fatty Acids

Quinacrine

Phospholipases

Fatty Acids, Unsaturated

Thromboxanes

Kinetics

Platelet Activating Factor

Fatty Acids, Essential

Epoprostenol

Flavanones

Phosphatidylinositols

Lipoxins

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid

Phosphatidylcholines

Linolenic Acids

Cyclooxygenase 1

Leukocytes

Rabbits

Soybeans

Platelet Aggregation

Leukotriene C4

Thrombin

Cells, Cultured

Pyrazoles

Group IV Phospholipases A2

Bradykinin

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Zymosan

N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine

Cytosol

Enzyme Activation

Leukotriene Antagonists

Isoenzymes

Lysophosphatidylcholines

Ionophores

Phosphatidic Acids

Thromboxane-A Synthase

Epoxide Hydrolases

Esterification

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha

Calcium

Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic

Cyclooxygenase 2