Aquaporin 6. Medical search

Aquaporin 1 forms a water-specific channel that is constitutively expressed at the PLASMA MEMBRANE of ERYTHROCYTES and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL. It provides these cells with a high permeability to WATER. In humans polymorphisms of this protein result in the Colton blood group antigen.

Aquaporin 5 is a water-specific channel protein that is expressed primarily in alveolar, tracheal, and upper bronchial EPITHELIUM. It plays an important role in maintaining water HOMEOSTASIS in the LUNGS and may also regulate release of SALIVA and TEARS in the SALIVARY GLANDS and the LACRIMAL GLAND.

Aquaporin 3 is an aquaglyceroporin that is expressed in the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS and is constitutively localized at the basolateral MEMBRANE.

Aquaporin 4 is the major water-selective channel in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM of mammals.

A class of porins that allow the passage of WATER and other small molecules across CELL MEMBRANES.

Aquaporin 2 is a water-specific channel protein that is expressed in KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS. The translocation of aquaporin 2 to the apical PLASMA MEMBRANE is regulated by VASOPRESSIN, and MUTATIONS in AQP2 have been implicated in a variety of kidney disorders including DIABETES INSIPIDUS.

Aquaporin 6 is an aquaglyceroporin that is found primarily in KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS. AQP6 protein functions as an anion-selective channel.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.

Tendency of fluids (e.g., water) to move from the less concentrated to the more concentrated side of a semipermeable membrane.

A subgroup of aquaporins that transport WATER; GLYCEROL; and other small solutes across CELL MEMBRANES.

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.

A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.

Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.

A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.

The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Straight tubes commencing in the radiate part of the kidney cortex where they receive the curved ends of the distal convoluted tubules. In the medulla the collecting tubules of each pyramid converge to join a central tube (duct of Bellini) which opens on the summit of the papilla.

The ability of the kidney to excrete in the urine high concentrations of solutes from the blood plasma.

A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder characterized by persistent hypotonic urine and HYPOKALEMIA. This condition is due to renal tubular insensitivity to VASOPRESSIN and failure to reduce urine volume. It may be the result of mutations of genes encoding VASOPRESSIN RECEPTORS or AQUAPORIN-2; KIDNEY DISEASES; adverse drug effects; or complications from PREGNANCY.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.

A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4.

Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.

The pressure required to prevent the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates a pure solvent from a solution of the solvent and solute or that separates different concentrations of a solution. It is proportional to the osmolality of the solution.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

Agents that reduce the excretion of URINE, most notably the octapeptide VASOPRESSINS.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE. Members contain tuliposides and tulipalins and have been associated with allergic contact dermatitis in florists.

The contribution to barometric PRESSURE of gaseous substance in equilibrium with its solid or liquid phase.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. The common name of rock rose is used with several plants of this family.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)

Inorganic compounds that contain mercury as an integral part of the molecule.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes. Adaptation by the CILIARY BODY is crucial for OCULAR ACCOMMODATION.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

Fluids composed mainly of water found within the body.

Drugs used for their effects on the kidneys' regulation of body fluid composition and volume. The most commonly used are the diuretics. Also included are drugs used for their antidiuretic and uricosuric actions, for their effects on the kidneys' clearance of other drugs, and for diagnosis of renal function.

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Antidiuretic hormones released by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS of all vertebrates (structure varies with species) to regulate water balance and OSMOLARITY. In general, vasopressin is a nonapeptide consisting of a six-amino-acid ring with a cysteine 1 to cysteine 6 disulfide bridge or an octapeptide containing a CYSTINE. All mammals have arginine vasopressin except the pig with a lysine at position 8. Vasopressin, a vasoconstrictor, acts on the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS to increase water reabsorption, increase blood volume and blood pressure.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A phylum of fungi that are mutualistic symbionts and form ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE with PLANT ROOTS.

A type of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY in which the object is examined directly by an extremely narrow electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point and using the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen to create the image. It should not be confused with SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SUBLINGUAL GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND).

The body of a fungus which is made up of HYPHAE.

A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.

A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.

Large and highly vacuolated cells possessing many chloroplasts occuring in the interior cross-section of leaves, juxtaposed between the epidermal layers.

A plant genus of the family AIZOACEAE. It is a native of Africa and widely planted for erosion control to stabilize soil along roadsides and beaches.

The internal portion of the kidney, consisting of striated conical masses, the renal pyramids, whose bases are adjacent to the cortex and whose apices form prominent papillae projecting into the lumen of the minor calyces.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

One of two salivary glands in the neck, located in the space bound by the two bellies of the digastric muscle and the angle of the mandible. It discharges through the submandibular duct. The secretory units are predominantly serous although a few mucous alveoli, some with serous demilunes, occur. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Specific molecular sites or proteins on or in cells to which VASOPRESSINS bind or interact in order to modify the function of the cells. Two types of vasopressin receptor exist, the V1 receptor in the vascular smooth muscle and the V2 receptor in the kidneys. The V1 receptor can be subdivided into V1a and V1b (formerly V3) receptors.

Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.

A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A widely cultivated plant, native to Asia, having succulent, edible leaves eaten as a vegetable. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glycerol 3-phosphate from ATP and glycerol. Dihydroxyacetone and L-glyceraldehyde can also act as acceptors; UTP and, in the case of the yeast enzyme, ITP and GTP can act as donors. It provides a way for glycerol derived from fats or glycerides to enter the glycolytic pathway. EC 2.7.1.30.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Yeast-like ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES isolated from exuded tree sap.

A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE known for the edible fruit.

A mutant strain of Rattus norvegicus used in research on renal function and hypertension and as a disease model for diabetes insipidus.

Closable openings in the epidermis of plants on the underside of leaves. They allow the exchange of gases between the internal tissues of the plant and the outside atmosphere.

Protein-lipid combinations abundant in brain tissue, but also present in a wide variety of animal and plant tissues. In contrast to lipoproteins, they are insoluble in water, but soluble in a chloroform-methanol mixture. The protein moiety has a high content of hydrophobic amino acids. The associated lipids consist of a mixture of GLYCEROPHOSPHATES; CEREBROSIDES; and SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; while lipoproteins contain PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and TRIGLYCERIDES.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution. A solution having an osmotic pressure greater than that of physiologic salt solution (0.9 g NaCl in 100 ml purified water).

A schistosomicide possibly useful against other parasites. It has irritant emetic properties and may cause lethal cardiac toxicity among other adverse effects.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Slender tubular or hairlike excretory structures found in insects. They emerge from the alimentary canal between the mesenteron (midgut) and the proctodeum (hindgut).

An intermediate filament protein found only in glial cells or cells of glial origin. MW 51,000.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Synthetic transcripts of a specific DNA molecule or fragment, made by an in vitro transcription system. This cRNA can be labeled with radioactive uracil and then used as a probe. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.

Na-K-Cl transporter in the ASCENDING LIMB OF LOOP OF HENLE. It mediates active reabsorption of sodium chloride and is inhibited by LOOP DIURETICS such as FUROSEMIDE; and BUMETANIDE. Mutations in the gene encoding SLC12A1 are associated with a BARTTER SYNDROME.

A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

Solutions that have a greater osmotic pressure than a reference solution such as blood, plasma, or interstitial fluid.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The quantity of volume or surface area of CELLS.

An early embryo that is a compact mass of about 16 BLASTOMERES. It resembles a cluster of mulberries with two types of cells, outer cells and inner cells. Morula is the stage before BLASTULA in non-mammalian animals or a BLASTOCYST in mammals.

A subclass of symporters that specifically transport SODIUM CHLORIDE and/or POTASSIUM CHLORIDE across cellular membranes in a tightly coupled process.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

A plant genus of the family FAGACEAE that is a source of TANNINS. Do not confuse with Holly (ILEX).

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.

A computer simulation developed to study the motion of molecules over a period of time.

Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Starches that have been chemically modified so that a percentage of OH groups are substituted with 2-hydroxyethyl ether groups.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

Long-term regulation of aquaporins in the kidney. (1/216)

The discovery of the aquaporin family of water channels has greatly improved our understanding of how water crosses epithelial cells, particularly in the kidney. The study of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of collecting duct water permeability, in particular, has advanced very rapidly since the identification and characterization of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in 1993. One of the more surprising findings has been the dramatic long-term changes that are seen in the abundance of this protein, as well as the recognition that these changes represent a way of modulating the acute antidiuretic effects of vasopressin. Furthermore, such changes seem to be of etiological and pathological significance in a number of clinical disorders of water balance. This review focuses on the various conditions in which AQP2 expression is altered (either increased or decreased) and on what this can tell us about the signals and mechanisms controlling these changes. Ultimately, this may be of great value in the clinical management of water balance disorders. Evidence is also now beginning to emerge that there are similar changes in the expression of other renal aquaporins, which had previously been thought to provide an essentially constitutive water permeability pathway, suggesting that they too should be considered as regulatory factors in the control of body water balance. (+info)

Vasopressin regulates apical targeting of aquaporin-2 but not of UT1 urea transporter in renal collecting duct. (2/216)

In the renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD), vasopressin regulates two key transporters, namely aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and the vasopressin-regulated urea transporter (VRUT). Both are present in intracellular vesicles as well as the apical plasma membrane. Short-term regulation of AQP2 has been demonstrated to occur by vasopressin-induced trafficking of AQP2-containing vesicles to the apical plasma membrane. Here, we have carried out studies to determine whether short-term regulation of VRUT occurs by a similar process. Cell surface labeling with NHS-LC-biotin in rat IMCD suspensions revealed that vasopressin causes a dose-dependent increase in the amount of AQP2 labeled at the cell surface, whereas VRUT labeled at the cell surface did not increase in response to vasopressin. Immunoperoxidase labeling of inner medullary thin sections from Brattleboro rats treated with 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) for 20 min revealed dramatic translocation of AQP2 to the apical region of the cell, with no change in the cellular distribution of VRUT. In addition, differential centrifugation of inner medullary homogenates from Brattleboro rats treated with DDAVP for 60 min revealed a marked depletion of AQP2 from the low-density membrane fraction (enriched in intracellular vesicles) but did not alter the quantity of VRUT in this fraction. Finally, AQP2-containing vesicles immunoisolated from a low-density membrane fraction from renal inner medulla did not contain immunoreactive VRUT. Thus vasopressin-mediated regulation of AQP2, but not of VRUT, depends on regulated vesicular trafficking to the plasma membrane. (+info)

An impaired routing of wild-type aquaporin-2 after tetramerization with an aquaporin-2 mutant explains dominant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. (3/216)

Autosomal recessive and dominant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), a disease in which the kidney is unable to concentrate urine in response to vasopressin, are caused by mutations in the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) gene. Missense AQP2 proteins in recessive NDI have been shown to be retarded in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas AQP2-E258K, an AQP2 mutant in dominant NDI, was retained in the Golgi complex. In this study, we identified the molecular mechanisms underlying recessive and dominant NDI. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of rat and human kidney proteins and subsequent immunoblotting revealed that AQP2 forms homotetramers. When expressed in oocytes, wild-type AQP2 and AQP2-E258K also formed homotetramers, whereas AQP2-R187C, a mutant in recessive NDI, was expressed as a monomer. Upon co-injection, AQP2-E258K, but not AQP2-R187C, was able to heterotetramerize with wild-type AQP2. Since an AQP monomer is the functional unit and AQP2-E258K is a functional but misrouted water channel, heterotetramerization of AQP2-E258K with wild-type AQP2 and inhibition of further routing of this complex to the plasma membrane is the cause of dominant NDI. This case of NDI is the first example of a dominant disease in which the 'loss-of-function' phenotype is caused by an impaired routing rather than impaired function of the wild-type protein. (+info)

Aquaporin-6: An intracellular vesicle water channel protein in renal epithelia. (4/216)

All characterized mammalian aquaporins (AQPs) are localized to plasma membranes where they function chiefly to mediate water transport across cells. Here we show that AQP6 is localized exclusively in intracellular membranes in renal epithelia. By using a polyclonal antibody to the C terminus of AQP6, immunoblots revealed a major 30-kDa band in membranes from rat renal cortex and medulla. Endoglycosidase treatment demonstrated presence of an intracellular high mannose glycan on each subunit. Sequential ultracentrifugation of rat kidney homogenates confirmed that AQP6 resides predominantly in vesicular fractions, and immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic studies confirmed that >98% of AQP6 is located in intracellular membrane vesicles. In glomeruli, AQP6 is present in membrane vesicles within podocyte cell bodies and foot processes. In proximal tubules, AQP6 is also abundant in membrane vesicles within the subapical compartment of segment 2 and segment 3 cells, but was not detected in the brush border or basolateral membranes. In collecting duct, AQP6 resides in intracellular membrane vesicles in apical, mid, and basolateral cytoplasm of type A intercalated cells, but was not observed in the plasma membrane. Unlike other members of the AQP family, the unique distribution in intracellular membrane vesicles in multiple types of renal epithelia indicates that AQP6 is not simply involved in transcellular fluid absorption. Moreover, our studies predict that AQP6 participates in distinct physiological functions such as glomerular filtration, tubular endocytosis, and acid-base metabolism. (+info)

The Cre/loxP system and gene targeting in the kidney. (5/216)

The Cre/loxP and Flp/FRT systems mediate site-specific DNA recombination and are being increasingly utilized to study gene function in vivo. These systems allow targeted gene disruption in a single cell type in vivo, thereby permitting study of the physiological and pathophysiological impact of a given gene product derived from a particular cell type. In the kidney, the Cre/loxP system has been employed to achieve gene deletion selectively within principal cells of the collecting duct. Disruption of target genes in the collecting duct, such as endothelin-1 or polycystic kidney disease-1 (PKD1), could lead to important insights into the biological roles of these gene products. With selection of the appropriate renal cell-specific promoters, these recombination systems could be used to target gene disruption to virtually any renal cell type. Although transgenic studies utilizing these recombination systems are promising, they are in their relative infancy and can be time consuming and expensive and yield unanticipated results. It is anticipated that continued experience with these systems will produce an important tool for analyzing gene function in renal health and disease. (+info)

Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in rat is mediated by a vasopressin-dependent apical pathway. (6/216)

Clinical studies have shown that aquaporin-2 (AQP2), the vasopressin-regulated water channel, is excreted in the urine, and that the excretion increases in response to vasopressin. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in AQP2 excretion are unknown, and it is unknown whether the excretion correlates with AQP2 levels in kidney or levels in the apical plasma membrane. The present study was undertaken to clarify these issues. Immunoblotting of rat urine samples revealed significant excretion of AQP2, whereas AQP3, being a basolateral aquaporin in the same cells, was undetectable. Thus, there was a nonproportional excretion of AQP2 and AQP3 (compared with kidney levels), indicating that AQP2 is excreted predominantly via a selective apical pathway and not by whole cell shedding. Urinary AQP2 was associated with small vesicles, membrane fragments, and multivesicular bodies as determined by immunoelectron microscopy and negative staining techniques. In rats with normal water supply, daily urinary excretion of AQP2 was 3.9+/-0.9% (n = 6) of total kidney expression. Treatment with desmopressin acetate subcutaneously caused a fourfold increase in urinary excretion of AQP2 during 8 h. Forty-eight hours of thirsting, known to increase endogenous vasopressin secretion, resulted in a three-fold increase in kidney AQP2 levels but urinary excretion increased ninefold to 15+/-3% (n = 6) of AQP2 in kidney of thirsted rats. Moreover, rats that were thirsted for 48 h and subsequently allowed free access to water for 24 h produced a decrease in urinary AQP2 excretion to 38+/-15% (n = 6) of that during thirsting. In Brattleboro rats or lithium-treated normal rats completely lacking vasopressin action, and hence having extremely low levels of AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane, AQP2 was undetectable in urine. Thus, conditions with known altered vasopressin levels and altered levels of AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane were associated with corresponding major changes in AQP2 urine excretion. In contrast, in such conditions, kidney AQP2 levels and urinary AQP2 excretion did not show a proportional relationship. (+info)

Effects of missense mutations on rat aquaporin-2 in LLC-PK1 porcine kidney cells. (7/216)

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) gene have been found in families with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), but the pathophysiological mechanisms of how mutant AQP2 causes the disease are still not clear. METHODS: Wild-type (WT) AQP2 and four mutants-T126M, A147T, R187C, and S216P-were transiently expressed in LLC-PK1 cells. The osmotic water permeability of LLC-PK1 cells expressing AQP2 mutants was determined by stopped-flow light-scattering microphotometry. Cell surface expression, subcellular localization, and effects of vasopressin stimulation were examined by surface biotin labeling and confocal immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The osmotic water permeability (Pf) of cells expressing WT increased significantly after vasopressin treatment, whereas the Pf of cells expressing T126M A147T, R187C, and S216P was not significantly different from that of the control even after vasopressin stimulation. Confocal immunohistochemistry demonstrated distribution of WT and A147T in early/recycling endosomal compartments and vasopressin-responsive translocation and surface expression. In contrast, stainings of T126M, R187C, and S216P were similar to that of Grp78, indicating that these mutants were misassembled and retarded in the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the intracellular distribution and vasopressin-regulated trafficking of A147T is intact, in contrast to the other three mutants, of which both were impaired. Thus, it is conceivable that the disruption of the AQP2 channel function accounts for the pathogenesis of A147T NDI, whereas trafficking defects account for that of the other types, suggesting that the pathophysiology of AQP2-related NDI is heterogeneous. (+info)

Lack of vasopressin-independent upregulation of AQP-2 gene expression in homozygous Brattleboro rats. (8/216)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays an important role in the expression of aquaporin (AQP-2) in the collecting duct. The present study was undertaken to determine whether there is an AVP-independent regulation of AQP-2 gene expression in homozygous Brattleboro rats in which endogenous AVP is absent. Exogenous administration of 1-deamino-8-D-AVP produced an antidiuresis and expressed AQP-2 mRNA and AQP-2 protein in the renal medulla of the homozygous Brattleboro rats. Twelve hours of water deprivation produced severe dehydration in the homozygous Brattleboro rats, such that urinary osmolality increased from 200 to 649 mosmol/kgH(2)O. However, no increase in AQP-2 mRNA expression was observed after this dehydration, and the medullary tissue content and urinary excretion of AQP-2 also remained unchanged. Increases in AQP-2 mRNA expression and AQP-2 protein were evident in Long-Evans rats after 64 h of water deprivation, with a severity of dehydration almost equal to the 12-h dehydrated, homozygous Brattleboro rats. These results indicate the lack of an AVP-independent mechanism for upregulating AQP-2 mRNA expression in renal collecting duct cells. (+info)

The protein encoded by this gene is an aquaporin protein, which functions as a water channel in cells. Aquaporins are a family ... "Entrez Gene: Aquaporin 6, kidney specific". Retrieved 2012-04-10. Human AQP6 genome location and AQP6 gene details page in the ... Ikeda M, Beitz E, Kozono D, Guggino WB, Agre P, Yasui M (Oct 2002). "Characterization of aquaporin-6 as a nitrate channel in ... Wang W, Hart PS, Piesco NP, Lu X, Gorry MC, Hart TC (Mar 2003). "Aquaporin expression in developing human teeth and selected ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQP6

The MIP superfamily includes three subfamilies: aquaporins, aquaglyceroporins and S-aquaporins. The aquaporins (AQPs) are water ... Aquaporin-1 (Aqp1) from the human red blood cell has been solved by electron crystallography to 3.8 Å resolution (PDB: 1FQY). ... Aquaporins generally have the NPA motif in both halves, the glycerol facilitators generally have an NPA motif in the first ... Roles of aquaporins in human cancer have been reviewed as have their folding pathways. AQPs may act as transmembrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_intrinsic_proteins

... aquaporin 1 MeSH D12.776.157.530.400.500.040.437 - aquaporin 2 MeSH D12.776.157.530.400.500.040.468 - aquaporin 4 MeSH D12.776. ... aquaporins MeSH D12.776.157.530.400.500.040.249 - aquaglyceroporins MeSH D12.776.157.530.400.500.040.249.500 - aquaporin 3 MeSH ... 157.530.400.500.040.484 - aquaporin 5 MeSH D12.776.157.530.400.500.520 - voltage-dependent anion channels MeSH D12.776.157.530. ... D12.776.157.530.400.500.040.249.750 - aquaporin 6 MeSH D12.776.157.530.400.500.040.374 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.157)

... aquaporin 1 MeSH D12.776.543.550.425.730.040.437 - aquaporin 2 MeSH D12.776.543.550.425.730.040.468 - aquaporin 4 MeSH D12.776. ... aquaporin 1 MeSH D12.776.543.585.400.730.040.530 - aquaporin 2 MeSH D12.776.543.585.400.730.040.577 - aquaporin 4 MeSH D12.776. ... aquaporins MeSH D12.776.543.550.425.730.040.249 - aquaglyceroporins MeSH D12.776.543.550.425.730.040.249.500 - aquaporin 3 MeSH ... aquaporins MeSH D12.776.543.585.400.730.040.249 - aquaglyceroporins MeSH D12.776.543.585.400.730.040.249.500 - aquaporin 3 MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.543)

Aquaporins allow water to move down their osmotic gradient and out of the nephron, increasing the amount of water re-absorbed ... Vasopressin, acting through cAMP, also increases transcription of the aquaporin-2 gene, thus increasing the total number of ... This occurs through increased transcription and insertion of water channels (Aquaporin-2) into the apical membrane of ... Wilson JL, Miranda CA, Knepper MA (2013). "Vasopressin and the Regulation of Aquaporin-2". Clinical and Experimental Nephrology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin

In 2005 they identified the aquaporin 4 protein as the target of the disease, and developed first in-house test to aid in the ... In more than 80% of cases, IgG autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (anti-AQP4+) are the cause, and in 10-40% of the remaining ... In more than 80% of cases, NMO is caused by immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to aquaporin 4 (anti-AQP4), the most abundant water ... Some authors propose to use the name "autoimmune aquaporin-4 channelopathy" for these diseases, while others prefer a more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromyelitis_optica_spectrum_disorder

... s, are a group of diseases characterized by auto-antibodies against aquaporin 4. After the discovery of anti- ... Some authors propose to use the name "autoimmune aquaporin-4 channelopathy" for these diseases, while others prefer a more ... Clinical relevance of serum aquaporin-4 antibody levels in neuromyelitis optica. Neurochem Res. 2013;38(5):997-1001. doi: ... Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF (February 2016). "Neuromyelitis optica and the evolving spectrum of autoimmune aquaporin-4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-AQP4_disease

This results in aquaporin-2 containing vesicles to increase water uptake and return to circulation. Mutation of the aquaporin 2 ... The gating of an aquaporin is carried out by an interaction between a gating mechanism and the aquaporin, which causes a 3D ... It was not until 1992 that the first aquaporin, 'aquaporin-1' (originally known as CHIP 28), was reported by Peter Agre, of ... There have been two clear examples of diseases identified as resulting from mutations in aquaporins: Mutations in the aquaporin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin

NMOSD can be associated with antibodies that bind to a protein called aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Binding of the anti-AQP4 antibody ... people who are anti-aquaporin-4 or AQP4 antibody-positive. NMOSD is a rare autoimmune disease of the central nervous system ... of 116 participants with NMOSD who were anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody positive. The trials were conducted at 62 sites in the ... including the formation of pathological autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4), and the permeability of the blood-brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satralizumab

... is expressed more in atopic eczema. Recent studies indicate that aquaporin 3 is overexpressed in many types of ... Sasaki S, Ishibashi K, Marumo F (1998). "Aquaporin-2 and -3: representatives of two subgroups of the aquaporin family ... Aquaporin 3 is the protein product of the human AQP3 gene. It is found in the basolateral cell membrane of principal collecting ... 2005). "Roles of aquaporin-3 water channels in volume-regulatory water flow in a human epithelial cell line". J. Membr. Biol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin_3

It is the only aquaporin regulated by vasopressin. The basic job of aquaporin 2 is to reabsorb water from the urine while its ... This aquaporin is also regulated by food intake. Fasting reduces expression of this aquaporin independently of vasopressin. ... so the aquaporin 2 can be used by the cell. This aquaporin is regulated in two ways by the peptide hormone vasopressin: short- ... Aquaporin 2 is in kidney epithelial cells and usually lies dormant in intracellular vesicle membranes. When it is needed, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin_2

The expression of aquaporin 4 is reliant on the disease stage of TBI. In an acute stage of TBI, the lack of aquaporin 4 causes ... Aquaporin-4, also known as AQP4, is a water channel protein encoded by the AQP4 gene in humans. AQP4 belongs to the aquaporin ... Aquaporin-4 is the most common aquaporin in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. It is highly expressed in the human body ... Aquaporin-4 is essential in the formation of memory as well as synaptic plasticity. Other performances that aquaporin-4 is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin_4

Aquaporin+1 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Gallery of Aquaporin Simulations Human AQP1 ... "Entrez Gene: AQP1 aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)". Knepper MA (July 1994). "The aquaporin family of molecular water channels ... The gene encoding this aquaporin is a possible candidate for disorders involving imbalance in ocular fluid movement. Aquaporin ... Aquaporin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP1 gene. AQP1 is a widely expressed water channel, whose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin_1

Aquaporin 7 and AQP3 are at the same chromosomal location suggesting that 9p13 may be a site of an aquaporin cluster. Aquaporin ... Aquaporin-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP7 gene. Aquaporins/major intrinsic protein (MIP) are a family of ... "Entrez Gene: AQP7 aquaporin 7". Dibas AI, Mia AJ, Yorio T (1998). "Aquaporins (water channels): role in vasopressin-activated ... Aquaporin 7 has greater sequence similarity with AQP3 and AQP9 and they may be a subfamily. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQP7

June 1999). "Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 water channel differentiates psychogenic polydipsia from central diabetes ... 35 (6): 408-419. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)90008-6. Hedges, D.; Jeppson, K.; Whitehead, P. (2003). "Antipsychotic medication and ... PPD occurs in between 6% and 20% of psychiatric inpatients. It may also be found in people with developmental disorders, such ... 84 (6): 2235-2237. doi:10.1210/jc.84.6.2235. PMID 10372737. "Primary polydipsia - General Practice Notebook". GPnotebook. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_polydipsia

... including aquaporins, ATPases and Ca2+/H+ and Na+/H+ antiporters. They may be the only cellular organelle that has been ... Their membranes are 6 nm thick and contain a number of protein pumps and antiporters, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidocalcisome

"The inositol Inpp5k 5-phosphatase affects osmoregulation through the vasopressin-aquaporin 2 pathway in the collecting system ... 462 (6): 871-83. doi:10.1007/s00424-011-1028-0. PMID 21938401. S2CID 27923688. Drayer AL, Pesesse X, De Smedt F, Communi D, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SKIP

Aquaporin-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP5 gene. Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is a water channel protein. Aquaporins ... "Entrez Gene: AQP5 aquaporin 5". Verkman AS (2003). "Role of aquaporin water channels in eye function". Exp. Eye Res. 76 (2): ... 2003). "Distribution of aquaporin water channels AQP1 and AQP5 in the ductal system of the human pancreas". Gut. 52 (7): 1008- ... 2007). "Stimulation of aquaporin-5 and transepithelial water permeability in human airway epithelium by hyperosmotic stress". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQP5

Aquaporin-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP9 gene. The aquaporins/major intrinsic protein are a family of ... Aquaporin 9 has greater sequence similarity with AQP3 and AQP7 and they may be a subfamily. Aquaporin 9 allows passage of a ... "Entrez Gene: AQP9 aquaporin 9". Ishibashi K, Kuwahara M, Gu Y, et al. (1998). "Cloning and functional expression of a new ... 2003). "Aquaporin-9 is expressed in a mucus-secreting goblet cell subset in the small intestine". FEBS Lett. 540 (1-3): 157-62 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQP9

Zheng X, Bollinger Bollag W (December 2003). "Aquaporin 3 colocates with phospholipase d2 in caveolin-rich membrane ... 276 (52): 48840-6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104276200. PMID 11687572. Lee S, Kim JH, Lee CS, Kim JH, Kim Y, Heo K, et al. (February ... 121 (6): 1487-95. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1747.2003.12614.x. PMID 14675200. Czarny M, Fiucci G, Lavie Y, Banno Y, Nozawa Y, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLD2

Zheng X, Bollinger Bollag W (December 2003). "Aquaporin 3 colocates with phospholipase d2 in caveolin-rich membrane ... 121 (6): 1487-95. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1747.2003.12614.x. PMID 14675200. Czarny M, Fiucci G, Lavie Y, Banno Y, Nozawa Y, ... 56 (3): 355-6. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5723. PMID 10087206. "Entrez Gene: CAV1 caveolin 1, caveolae protein, 22kDa". Li S, ... 63 (6): 1578-87. doi:10.1086/302172. PMC 1377628. PMID 9837809. Razani B, Schlegel A, Liu J, Lisanti MP (August 2001). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caveolin_1

2004). „Antidiuretic action of oxytocin is associated with increased urinary excretion of aquaporin-2". Nephrology, Dialysis, ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidiuretski_hormon

"Antidiuretic action of oxytocin is associated with increased urinary excretion of aquaporin-2". Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 19 ( ... 10): 2480-6. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh413. PMID 15280526. Michel G, Acher R, Chauvet J, Ouedraogo Y, Chou J, Chait BT (1995). "A new ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurohypophysial_hormone

Robben JH, Knoers NV, Deen PM (Aug 2006). "Cell biological aspects of the vasopressin type-2 receptor and aquaporin 2 water ... Ishikawa SE (Feb 2002). "[Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with mutations of vasopressin V2 receptors and aquaporin-2 ... 2 (2): 103-6. doi:10.1038/ng1092-103. PMID 1303257. van den Ouweland AM, Dreesen JC, Verdijk M, Knoers NV, Monnens LA, Rocchi M ... 3 (9): 1685-6. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.9.1685. PMID 7833930. Birnbaumer M, Gilbert S, Rosenthal W (Jul 1994). "An extracellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin_receptor_2

... also indicated in proper lung development by controlling the late differentiation stages of alveolar epithelium and aquaporin-5 ... Transcription factor GATA-6, also known as GATA-binding factor 6 (GATA6), is protein that in humans is encoded by the GATA6 ... 54 (4): 542-6. doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000081295.56529.E9. PMID 12867597. Liu C, Ikegami M, Stahlman MT, Dey CR, Whitsett JA (2003 ... Furthermore, GATA-6 has been linked to the production of LIF, a cytokine that encourages proliferation of endodermal embryonic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GATA6

Aquaporin 1. *Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase. *Atrophin 1. *BH3 interacting-domain death agonist ... DescriptionIdeogram house mouse chromosome 6.svg. English: Ideogram of house mouse (Mus musculus) chromosome. Chromosome 6 ... File:Ideogram house mouse chromosome 6.svg. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ... Chromosome 6 highlighted.}} ,Source=GRCm38.p4 (GCF_000001635.24) at NCBI's [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/tools/gdp/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_6.svg

Yang B, Verkman AS (September 2002). "Analysis of double knockout mice lacking aquaporin-1 and urea transporter UT-B. Evidence ... 277 (39): 36782-6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206948200. PMID 12133842. Collins D, Winter DC, Hogan AM, Schirmer L, Baird AW, Stewart GS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea_transporter

Nicaise C, Soyfoo MS, Authelet M, De Decker R, Bataveljic D, Delporte C, Pochet R (December 2008). "Aquaporin‐4 Overexpression ... They release secretory compounds that influence the phenotype of endothelial cells and express aquaporin and potassium channels ... 13(6):3163-3166. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4410. Epub 2017 Apr 28. PMID 28588671; PMCID: PMC5450788. Uchida Y, Sumiya T, Tachikawa ... Frontiers in neuroengineering, 6, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneng.2013.00007 Bouhassira D, Attal N. (2018) "Emerging therapies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood-Spinal_Cord_Barrier

2007) Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody is involved in the pathogenesis of NMO: A study on antibody titre. Brain 130:1235-1243. ... 2007) Loss of aquaporin 4 in lesions of neuromyelitis optica: Distinction from multiple sclerosis. Brain 130:1224-1234. ... 2008) Mechanisms of disease: Aquaporin-4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 4:202-214. ... 2008) Antibody to aquaporin-4 in the long-term course of neuromyelitis optica. Brain 131:3072-3080. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/108/9/3701

Buena vista" hypothesis suggests that changes in the sizes of eyes, rather than a shift from fins to limbs, led fish to transition to land more than 300 million years ago. 1 Comment. ...

https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.list/tagNo/3378,8/tags/aquaporins,evolution/pageNo/6/

... known as aquaporins, are transmembrane proteins that mediate osmotic water permeability. The discovery of aquaporin (AQP) has… ... The discovery of aquaporin (AQP) has made a great impact on life sciences. AQPs are a family of homologous water channels ... Lenti ORF particles, Aqp6 (Myc-DDK-tagged ORF) - Rat aquaporin 6, kidney specific (Aqp6), 200 uL, ,10^7 TU/mL. Not available. ... Lenti ORF particles, AQP6 (Myc-DDK tagged) - Human aquaporin 6, kidney specific (AQP6) , 200 uL, ,10^7 TU/mL. Not available. ...

https://www.acris-antibodies.com/target/aquaporin-6-antibody-aqp6-antibody.htm

All characterized mammalian aquaporins (AQPs) are localized to plasma membranes where they function chiefly to mediate water ...

https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/33957

Aquaporin 6 binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner. Nicole E. Rabaud, Linhua Song, Yiding Wang, Peter Agre, Masato ... Aquaporin 6 binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner. / Rabaud, Nicole E.; Song, Linhua; Wang, Yiding; Agre, Peter; Yasui ... N2 - Aquaporin 6 (AQP6) is an anion channel that is expressed primarily in acid secreting α-intercalated cells of the kidney ... AB - Aquaporin 6 (AQP6) is an anion channel that is expressed primarily in acid secreting α-intercalated cells of the kidney ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/aquaporin-6-binds-calmodulin-in-a-calcium-dependent-manner-3

Aquaporin 6, WB control \ PC-AQP6 for more molecular products just contact us ... Aquaporin adipose) (AQPap) (Aquaporin-7-like). [TIP1-1 AQP.1 At2g36830 T1J8.1] Aquaporin TIP1-1 (Aquaporin TIP) (Gamma- ... AQP5] Aquaporin-5 (AQP-5). [MIP] Lens fiber major intrinsic protein (Aquaporin-0) (MIP26) (MP26). [AQP1 GW7_07092] Aquaporin-1 ... Aqp5] Aquaporin-5 (AQP-5). [PIP1-1 PIP1A At3g61430 F2A19.30] Aquaporin PIP1-1 (AtPIP1;1) (Plasma membrane aquaporin-1) (Plasma ...

http://www.antibody-antibodies.com/product_det.php?id=3097973&supplier=search&name=Aquaporin%206,%20WB%20control%20

We report the immunolocalization of aquaporins (AQPs) 1, 4, and 6 in the human auditory and vestibular endorgans. A rapid ... Immunohistochemical localization of aquaporins in the human inner ear Cell Tissue Res. 2007 Jun;328(3):453-60. doi: 10.1007/ ... We report the immunolocalization of aquaporins (AQPs) 1, 4, and 6 in the human auditory and vestibular endorgans. A rapid ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17318586/?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

... in which aquaporins (AQPs) play a key role by ensuring water flow. The AQPs are transmembrane channel proteins permeable to ... Keywords: aquaporin; salivary gland; physiology; pathophysiology; regenerative medicine; xerostomia aquaporin; salivary gland; ... The main role of salivary glands (SG) is the production and secretion of saliva, in which aquaporins (AQPs) play a key role by ... The Aquaporin 3 Promoter Polymorphism −1431 A/G is Associated with Acute Graft Rejection and Cytomegalovirus Infection in ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/6/1547

Aquaporin 4 , Aquaporins , Bacteria , Ear , Ear, Middle , Hearing , Hearing Loss , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural , Homeostasis , ... Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins engaged in the modulation of water homeostasis, but the roles they play in ... Aquaporins / Ear / Ear, Middle Type of study: Incidence_studies Clinical aspect: Prognosis Language: English Journal: Clinical ... Decreased Aquaporin 4 and 6 mRNAs in Patients With Chronic Otitis Media With Otorrhea ...

https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/wprim-763318

Recently, mutations in the autosomal gene coding for water-channel aquaporin 2 (AQP2) of the renal collecting duct … ... Patients with autosomal nephrogenic diabetes insipidus homozygous for mutations in the aquaporin 2 water-channel gene Am J Hum ... In the present study, missense mutations and a single nucleotide deletion in the aquaporin 2 gene of three NDI patients from ... Recently, mutations in the autosomal gene coding for water-channel aquaporin 2 (AQP2) of the renal collecting duct were ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7524315/?dopt=Abstract

... and the role of interleukin-6 in the inflammation that occurs in people with NMOSD. ... This includes the production of a harmful antibody that targets a protein called aquaporin-4 (AQP4).3 ... aquaporin 4 autoantibody production from plasmablasts in neuromyelitis optica. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011; 108: 3701-6. ... IL-6 is a protein in our bodies made by immune cells and research has shown excess production of IL-6 in the blood and brain of ...

https://www.roche.com/research_and_development/what_we_are_working_on/neuroscience/roche-in-neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorder-nmosd/nmosd-interleukin-6.htm

Rabbit Polyclonal Anti-Aquaporin-7 Antibody. Validated: WB, ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-Fr. Tested Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Porcine, and ... Aquaporin 7 and AQP3 are at the same chromosomal location suggesting that 9p13 may be a site of an aquaporin cluster. Aquaporin ... Aquaporin-7 Antibody Summary. Immunogen. A synthetic peptide from the n-terminal region of human Aquaporin 7 (AQP7) conjugated ... Blogs on Aquaporin-7. There are no specific blogs for Aquaporin-7, but you can read our latest blog posts. ...

https://www.novusbio.com/products/aquaporin-7-antibody_nbp1-30862

Aquaporins in the kidney: from molecules to medicine. * Aquaporin-4 deletion in mice reduces brain edema after acute water ... Aquaporins in the kidney: from molecules to medicine.. *Aquaporin-4 deletion in mice reduces brain edema after acute water ... The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mannosyl Alpha-1,6-Glycoprotein Beta ... The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Mannosyl Alpha-1,6-Glycoprotein ...

http://aquaporins.org/human-mgat5mannosyl-alpha-16-glycoprotein-beta-16-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-elisa-kit/

Aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-Ab) are associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and typically this disorder ... Neuroophthalmologie Aquaporin 4 Serumstatus Neuromyelitis-optica-spektrum-erkrankung Visual outcome Acute optic neuritis ... Aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-Ab) are associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and typically this disorder ... Visual outcome 6 months after an acute episode of optic neuritis appears uninfluenced by aquaporin-4 serostatus. ...

https://www.neurodiem.de/news/visual-outcome-6-months-after-an-acute-episode-of-optic-neuritis-appears-7HkqOMpmVrSyFp9FJDVugQ

Aquaporins, ZmPIP1a, ZmPIP1b, ZmPIP2a, PIP1, ZmPIP2;1. Zea mays. [124, 156, 157]. ... R. Vera-Estrella, B. J. Barkla, H. J. Bohnert, and O. Pantoja, "Novel regulation of aquaporins during osmotic stress," Plant ... hexose cotransporters, aquaporins, and chloride channels [99]. In addition, functional expression of a nitrate transporter [102 ... S. Sakr, G. Alves, R. Morillon et al., "Plasma membrane aquaporins are involved in winter embolism recovery in walnut tree," ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijpg/2009/296482/

Aquaporin-6 is expressed along the rat gastrointestinal tract and upregulated by feeding in the small intestine. BMC Physiology ... Aquaporin-6 is expressed along the rat gastrointestinal tract and upregulated by feeding in the small intestine. In: BMC ... Aquaporin-6 is expressed along the rat gastrointestinal tract and upregulated by feeding in the small intestine. / Laforenza, ... Aquaporin-6 localization at the apical pole of the superficial epithelial cells and its upregulation by feeding suggest that it ...

https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/aquaporin-6-is-expressed-along-the-rat-gastrointestinal-tract-and

Actins , Aquaporin 2 , Aquaporins , Arginine Vasopressin , Body Water , Calcium , Cell Membrane , Homeostasis , Kidney Tubules ... Aquaporins / Aquaporin 2 Language: English Journal: Electrolytes & Blood Pressure Year: 2015 Type: Article ... Aquaporins / Aquaporin 2 Language: English Journal: Electrolytes & Blood Pressure Year: 2015 Type: Article ... AVP increases the osmotic water permeability of the collecting duct cells through aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and aquaporin-3 (AQP3). ...

https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/wpr-16304

Aquaporin 9 antibody Rabbit Polyclonal Hu, Ms, Pig, Rat, Shp, Bov ELISA, IHC-P, WB ... Aquaporin 6 antibody(FITC) Rabbit Polyclonal Hu, Ms, Rat, Shp, Bov ELISA, IP, WB ... Aquaporin 6 antibody Rabbit Polyclonal Hu, Ms, Rat, Shp, Bov ELISA, IP, WB ... Aquaporin 9 antibody Rabbit Polyclonal Hu, Ms, Rat, Shp, Bov IHC, WB ...

http://www.genetex.com/Web/search/Catalog/5?Category=494&Keyword=q

Arrows indicate different positions of the glycosylated and oligomerization forms of aquaporin-6 as previously assigned. ... and aquaporin-6 (right panel). Protein expression in 2 individual platelet units is shown. ... Figure 6. Effect of exogenous broad-spectrum metalloproteinase inhibitor on platelet N-terminome during storage. Platelets were ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25331112

One way is through the use of aquaporins. Use this assessment to assess how well you understand the functions of aquaporins. ... 2. Aquaporins are protein tunnels that allow which important molecule to travel across a cell membrane?. ... For an effective review, complete the related lesson Aquaporins: Definition & Functions. Use this review to prepare for ... Information recall - access the knowledge youve gained regarding the functions of aquaporins ...

https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-aquaporins.html

Aquaporin 10 of 301 aas and 6 TMSs. Cell- and tissue-specific expression of AQP-0, AQP-3, and AQP-10 in the testis, efferent ...

https://www.tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=1.A.8.9.5

Aquaporin/glycerol facilitator of 294 aas and 6 TMSs. May play a role in freeze tolerance (Hirota et al. 2015).. ...

http://tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=1.A.8.9.9

Aquaporin-B, AqpB of 294 aas and 6 TMSs. Tyr216 in loop D is a key residue in gating, possibly involving phosphorylation. ... 1] "Functional characterization of a novel aquaporin from Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae implies a unique gating mechanism." ...

http://www.tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=1.A.8.10.8

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQP6

Contractile vacuole aquaporin of 295 aas and 6 TMSs, Aqp. Shown to transport water, accounting for the high water permeability ...

http://tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=1.A.8.8.19

Two previous articles in this series on aquaporins have discussed their history, mechanism and stimulation. The current article ... Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins that form pores in the membrane of biological cells. At least 13 mammalian ... 4. M Hara-Chikuma and AS Verkman, Roles of Aquaporin-3 in the epidermis, (In press at J Invest Derm) ... For this explanation and for the role that an aquaporin plays, we turn to cell physiologist Wendy B. Bollag, PhD, of the ...

https://www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/research/biology/premium-aquaporin-3-regulating-skin-cell-growth-214918791.html

1999) Aquaporin-6: An intracellular vesicle water channel protein in renal epithelia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:5808-5813. ... 1C), including Slc4a1 (anion-exchanger 1), Aqp6 (an IC aquaporin), Avpr1a (the V1a vasopressin receptor), Foxi1 [a ... Especially prominent among these is aquaporin-3 (Aqp3), which appears to be expressed in most of the ICs, albeit at lower ... The analysis also identified a small fraction of hybrid cells expressing aquaporin-2 and anion exchanger 1 or pendrin ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/114/46/E9989

aquaporin 8 Gene. Mus musculus. Under-expressed. 11865. Arntl. aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like Gene. Mus ... aquaporin 6 Gene. Mus musculus. Over-expressed. 11833. Aqp8. ...

https://genomics.senescence.info/diet/search_exp.php?&search=

Aquaporin water channels in the bladder urothelium as novel targets for treatment of lower urinary tract pathophysiology at ... Aquaporins at a glance. J Cell Sci. 2011 Jul 1;124(Pt 13):2107-12. 7. Terris J, Ecelbarger CA, Nielsen S, Knepper MA. Long-term ... Thus, aquaporins are exciting new potential targets for the treatment of UI and nocturia. The aim is to investigate the ... Aquaporin water channels in the bladder urothelium as novel targets for treatment of lower urinary tract pathophysiology ...

https://www.findaphd.com/search/projectdetails.aspx?PJID=69695

All characterized mammalian aquaporins (AQPs) are localized to plasma membranes where they function chiefly to mediate water transport across cells. (jhu.edu)
We report the immunolocalization of aquaporins (AQPs) 1, 4, and 6 in the human auditory and vestibular endorgans. (nih.gov)
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins engaged in the modulation of water homeostasis, but the roles they play in chronic otitis media (COM) have not been well investigated. (bvsalud.org)
The main role of salivary glands (SG) is the production and secretion of saliva, in which aquaporins (AQPs) play a key role by ensuring water flow. (mdpi.com)
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins that form pores in the membrane of biological cells. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
Aquaporins (AQPs) are important in controlling water permeability. (nature.com)
The eye contains numerous water channel proteins and the roles of AQPs (aquaporins) in the retina are blurred, especially under disease conditions. (portlandpress.com)
AQPs (aquaporins) are hydrophobic membrane proteins and the narrowest diameter of the pore of AQPs is 2.8 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm) [ 16 ]. (portlandpress.com)
Aquaporins (AQPs) play a pivotal role in the cellular transport of water and many other small solutes, influencing many physiological and developmental processes in plants. (mdpi.com)
Aquaporins (AQPs) are ubiquitously expressed pore-forming proteins located in renal proximal tubules and are a part of the descending thin limbs. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Aquaporins (AQPs), membrane-inserted water channel proteins, play a highly important role in the reabsorption of water from the renal tubular fluid. (asnjournals.org)
Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate the rapid and selective movement of small neutral molecules, such as water and glycerol, across cell membranes. (rupress.org)
Transmembrane fluxes of water via specialized water channels, called aquaporins (AQPs), facilitate the changes of volume and shape, which additionally require a complex interplay between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton. (diva-portal.org)
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of water-transporting channels that are expressed widely in mammalian fluid-transporting epithelia and endothelia. (arvojournals.org)
1 2 3 4 5 6 Because of this expression pattern, it has been proposed that AQPs play a role in intraocular pressure regulation, corneal and lens transparency, and vision. (arvojournals.org)
Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins that form water channels, allowing rapid movement of water across cell membranes. (biologists.org)

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease affecting the optic nerve and spinal cord, in which autoantibodies against aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channel protein probably play a pathogenic role. (pnas.org)
Early work of Nobel Prize winner, Peter Agre and his group first clone a 269 amino acid protein from RBC and kidney libraries that has a 6 TMD (1). (acris-antibodies.com)
AQP6 is located on human 12q13 chromosome and exhibit significant homology with other aquaporin protein. (acris-antibodies.com)
IL-6 is a protein in our bodies made by immune cells and research has shown excess production of IL-6 in the blood and brain of those diagnosed with active NMOSD. (roche.com)
This includes the production of a harmful antibody that targets a protein called aquaporin-4 (AQP4). (roche.com)
A synthetic peptide from the n-terminal region of human Aquaporin 7 (AQP7) conjugated to an immunogenic carrier protein was used as the immunogen. (novusbio.com)
Aquaporins/major intrinsic protein (MIP) are a family of water-selective membrane channels. (novusbio.com)
Immunoblotting analysis of brush border membrane vesicle preparations showed an intense signal for aquaporin-6 protein. (elsevier.com)
2. Aquaporins are protein tunnels that allow which important molecule to travel across a cell membrane? (study.com)
Aquaporin 6, kidney specific is a protein in humans that is encoded by the AQP6 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is an aquaporin protein, which functions as a water channel in cells. (wikipedia.org)
Aquaporins are a family of small integral membrane proteins related to the major intrinsic protein (MIP or AQP0). (wikipedia.org)
Aquaporin-1 is an integral membrane protein that is considered to have an "open" structure. (proteopedia.org)
Protein Kinase C (PKC) has been documented as a common signal transducer among the aquaporins. (proteopedia.org)
Benga G. The first discovered water channel protein, later called aquaporin 1: molecular characteristics, functions and medical implications. (proteopedia.org)
The NMO-IgG antibody is IgG1 directed against protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Most NMO cases are caused by a circulating autoantibody termed NMO-IgG or AQP4-IgG that targets the astrocytic water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4). (springer.com)
Aquaporin-4, also known as AQP4, is a water channel protein encoded by the AQP4 gene in humans. (wikidoc.org)
Aquaporin protein regulation and redistribution in response to osmotic stress was investigated. (plantphysiol.org)
Mannitol-induced water imbalance resulted in increased protein amounts in tonoplast fractions and a shift in protein distribution to other membrane fractions, suggesting aquaporin relocalization. (plantphysiol.org)
Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is a water channel protein. (antibodies-online.com)
Additionally we are shipping Aquaporin 5 Kits (45) and Aquaporin 5 Proteins (4) and many more products for this protein. (antibodies-online.com)
Here we show that NMO-IgG binds selectively to the aquaporin-4 water channel, a component of the dystroglycan protein complex located in astrocytic foot processes at the blood-brain barrier. (rupress.org)
Most patients with NMO have circulating Abs, termed NMO-IgG, against the astrocytic water channel protein aquaporin-4. (jimmunol.org)
AQP4, the main water channel protein in the CNS, is expressed in the plasma membrane of astrocytes, primarily the perivascular foot processes and the glia-limiting membrane ( 6 ). (jimmunol.org)
Ramirez-Lorca R, Vizuete ML, Venero JL, Revuelta M, Cano J, Ilundain AA, Echevarria M (1999) Localization of aquaporin-3 mRNA and protein along the gastrointestinal tract of Wistar rats. (springer.com)
6 High-resolution morphology showed AQP4 protein expression in Müller cells in the retina and fibrous astrocytes in the optic nerve. (arvojournals.org)
The image on the left shows the protein, 6 molecules of glycerol and one of beta-octylglucoside. (proteopedia.org)
Aquaporin-9 protein is the primary route of hepatocyte glycerol uptake for glycerol gluconeogenesis in mice. (mpg.de)

We also demonstrate that interleukin 6 (IL-6), shown to be increased in NMO, enhanced the survival of PB as well as their AQP4-Ab secretion, whereas the blockade of IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) signaling by anti-IL-6R antibody reduced the survival of PB in vitro. (pnas.org)
Anti-Aquaporin 6 antibody , (1:200). (acris-antibodies.com)
2. Anti-Aquaporin 6 antibody, preincubated with the control peptide antigen. (acris-antibodies.com)
We are currently investigating a humanised monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-6 receptor, which is believed to play a key role in the inflammation that occurs in people with NMOSD leading to damage and disability. (roche.com)
There are currently no images for Aquaporin-7 Antibody (NBP1-30862). (novusbio.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Mannosyl Alpha-1,6-Glycoprotein Beta-1,6-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT5) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (aquaporins.org)
The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mannosyl Alpha-1,6-Glycoprotein Beta-1,6-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT5). (aquaporins.org)
Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody is involved in the pathogenesis of NMO: a study on antibody titre. (springer.com)
Rabbit polyclonal Aquaporin 3 antibody. (abcam.com)
Anti-Aquaporin 9 antibody , (1:200). (acris-antibodies.com)
Immunohistochemical staining of rat liver paraffin embedded sections using Anti-Aquaporin 9 antibody (1:100). (acris-antibodies.com)
Immunohistochemical staining of rat testis paraffin embedded section using Anti-Aquaporin 9 antibody , (1:100). (acris-antibodies.com)
Aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-ab) is detected in up to 80% of the patients who meet the clinical and radiologic criteria for NMOSD. (bmj.com)
We report a fatal case of anti-aquaporin-4 antibody positive NMO spectrum disorder in a patient who was receiving treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Spinal imaging and anti-aquaporin-4 antibody positivity established a diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. (biomedcentral.com)
This is the first reported case of anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMO spectrum disorder in a patient with active tuberculosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Objective To evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of atypical optic neuritis (ON) with seronegative aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody in Chinese patients. (bmj.com)

Water channel proteins, known as aquaporins, are transmembrane proteins that mediate osmotic water permeability. (acris-antibodies.com)
AVP increases the osmotic water permeability of the collecting duct cells through aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and aquaporin-3 (AQP3). (bvsalud.org)
The summary about aquaporins which were first described as channels increased permeability of lipid membranes to water in response to osmotic and/or hydrostatic gradients. (prolekare.cz)
Ishibashi K, Sasaki S, Fushimi K, Uchida S, Kuwahara M, Saito H, Furukawa T, Nakajima K, Yamaguchi Y, Gojobori T et al (1994) Molecular cloning and expression of a member of the aquaporin family with permeability to glycerol and urea in addition to water expressed at the basolateral membrane of kidney collecting duct cells. (springer.com)
Defective hepatocyte aquaporin-8 expression and reduced canalicular membrane water permeability in estrogen-induced cholestasis. (semanticscholar.org)
Aquaporin-4 expression and blood-spinal cord barrier permeability in canalicular syringomyelia. (thejns.org)
Aquaporin-3 function is to promote glycerol permeability across cell membrane. (proteopedia.org)

The aim is to investigate the physiological role of aquaporins and vasopressin receptors in porcine and rat urinary bladders. (findaphd.com)
Agren J, Zelenin S, Hakansson M, Eklof AC, Aperia A, Nejsum LN, Nielsen S, Sedin G (2003) Transepidermal water loss in developing rats: role of aquaporins in the immature skin. (springer.com)
Zholkevich, V. 2008-10-31 00:00:00 To elucidate the role of aquaporins in the control of the root pressure, we tested the effects of HgCl2 (aquaporin blocker) at concentrations from 10−8 to 10−2 M on the exudation rate (J w). (deepdyve.com)
Hence, the discussion about the role of aquaporins in the majority of multicellular organisms remains open ( Chrispeels and Maurel, 1994 ). (plantcell.org)
Because of the potential role of aquaporins in regulating water flow in plants, a number of studies have focused on the sites of aquaporin gene expression. (plantphysiol.org)

Several aquaporins (a family of integral membrane proteins) have been recently identified in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, and their involvement in the movement of fluid and small solutes has been suggested. (elsevier.com)
Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins that specialize in the regulation of cellular water flow across the cell membrane. (proteopedia.org)
Aquaporins, also called water channels, are channel proteins from a larger family of major intrinsic proteins that form pores in the membrane of biological cells, mainly facilitating transport of water between cells. (wikipedia.org)
Also known as water channels, aquaporins are integral membrane pore proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Benga G (2009) Water channel proteins (later called aquaporins) and relatives: past, present, and future. (springer.com)
[1] AQP4 belongs to the aquaporin family of integral membrane proteins that conduct water through the cell membrane . (wikidoc.org)
Many organisms lacking a specific aquaporin have an unobtrusive phenotype, which suggests that aquaporins are unimportant or can be substituted by homolog proteins or compensatory mechanisms. (plantcell.org)
Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins of the tonoplast and the plasma membrane that facilitate the passage of water through these membranes. (plantphysiol.org)
Functional analysis of naturally occurring mutations in the vasopressin type-2 receptor and aquaporin-2 have increased the insight into the structure and function of both proteins and have led to substantial progress in understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying the concentrating ability of the kidney. (rug.nl)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis surface antigens may trigger the formation of cross-reactive antibodies against aquaporin-4 channel proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Aquaporins are a family of water channel proteins that provide a major pathway for osmotically driven water transport through cell membranes. (biologists.org)
Aquaporins are channel producing proteins which regulate the flow of water across the cell membrane. (proteopedia.org)

Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) was first discovered in human red blood cell membranes by Gheorghe Benga's research group in 1986. (proteopedia.org)
A limited number of aquaporins are found within the central nervous system (CNS): AQP1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, and 11, but more exclusive representation of AQP1, 4, and 9 are found in the brain and spinal cord. (wikidoc.org)
Human red cell AQP1 is the first functionally defined member of the aquaporin family of membrane water channels. (shapeways.com)
Expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in chorioallantoic membranes of near term ovine foetuses with induced hypoxia. (prolekare.cz)

In this direction we investigated, in some regions of the rat gastrointestinal tract, the presence and localization of aquaporin-6, given its peculiar function as an ion selective channel. (elsevier.com)
Aquaporin-6 localization at the apical pole of the superficial epithelial cells and its upregulation by feeding suggest that it may be involved in movements of water and anions through the epithelium of the villi. (elsevier.com)
Expression, localization, and regulation of aquaporin-1 to -3 in rat urothelia. (findaphd.com)
Altered aquaporin 9 expression and localization in human hepatocellular carcinoma. (semanticscholar.org)
Localization and ordering of lipids around Aquaporin-0: Proteinand lipid mobility effects. (mpg.de)

Extensive research on the function of aquaporins have been implemented into many separate types of cell membranes. (proteopedia.org)
The cell membranes of a variety of different bacteria, fungi, animal and plant cells contain aquaporins through which water can flow more rapidly into and out of the cell than by diffusing through the phospholipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
Western blot analysis of rat brain (lanes 1and 4), testis (lanes 2 and 5) and liver (lanes 3 and 6) membranes: 1,2,3. (acris-antibodies.com)
Because of the growing challenges related to water scarcity, there has been extensive interest recently in so-called biomimetic desalination membranes ( 3 , 6 ). (sciencemag.org)
In addition, extensive academic and industrial work has sought to fabricate functional biomimetic desalination membranes, particularly using aquaporin, for use in RO ( 6 ). (sciencemag.org)
Aquaporins facilitate the diffusion of water across cell membranes. (rupress.org)

It is now known that serum anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) autoantibodies can be used as a disease marker of NMO ( 1 , 2 ). (pnas.org)
Interleukin 6 signalling promotes anti‐aquaporin 4 autoantibody production from plasmablasts in neuromyelitis optica. (roche.com)
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune inflammatory condition of the central nervous system that is characterized by circulating anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies, transverse myelitis and optic neuritis. (biomedcentral.com)
It shows the usefulness of testing for anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies while evaluating neurological deterioration in patients with tuberculosis. (biomedcentral.com)
A key diagnostic test for NMO spectrum disorders is the presence of anti-aquaporin-4 (anti-Aqp-4) IgG antibodies in patient serum [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Aquaporin 6 (AQP6) is an anion channel that is expressed primarily in acid secreting α-intercalated cells of the kidney collecting duct. (elsevier.com)

The tobacco plasma membrane aquaporin NtAQP1 was used to elucidate this issue. (plantcell.org)
showed that TobRB7, a putative plasma membrane aquaporin of tobacco, is highly expressed in the meristem and in the immature central cylinder of roots. (plantphysiol.org)
analyzed the expression pattern of the aquaporin MIP A in roots of Mesembryanthenum crystallinum and found that this plasma membrane aquaporin is preferentially expressed in the epidermis and in the youngest portions of the xylem. (plantphysiol.org)
showed that AthH2, a plasma membrane aquaporin, is highly expressed in newly formed tissues and organs. (plantphysiol.org)
Aharon R, Shahak Y, Wininger S, Bendov R, Kapulnik Y, Galili G (2003) Overexpression of a plasma membrane aquaporin in transgenic tobacco improves plant vigor under favorable growth conditions but to under drought or salt stress. (springer.com)

Recently, mutations in the autosomal gene coding for water-channel aquaporin 2 (AQP2) of the renal collecting duct were reported in an NDI patient. (nih.gov)
In the present study, missense mutations and a single nucleotide deletion in the aquaporin 2 gene of three NDI patients from consanguineous matings are described. (nih.gov)
modes is alteration in aquaporin gene expression. (deepdyve.com)
Because of their potentially important role in regulating water flow in plants, studies documenting aquaporin gene expression in specialized tissues involved in water and solute transport are important. (plantphysiol.org)
Aquaporins are members of a large gene family (Weig et al. (plantphysiol.org)
Aquaporin 5 Gene Expression Was Increased in BD-MSCs Treated NOD Mice. (thefreedictionary.com)
These data suggest that increased gene expression of the water channel aquaporin 5 might be responsible for the increased tear production obtained following BD-MSC treatment. (thefreedictionary.com)
Mutations in the gene encoding the vasopressin type-2 receptor cause the X-chromosomal form of the disease, whereas mutations in the gene encoding the vasopressin-dependent water channel aquaporin-2 are responsible for the autosomal recessive, and (in some cases) an autosomal dominant type of the disease. (rug.nl)
AQP9 (aquaporin 9) was first discovered in adipose tissue, and the AQP9 gene was successfully cloned. (creative-biogene.com)
The human AQP9 gene is located on the chromosome 15q21.3 and contains 6 exons. (creative-biogene.com)
Aroca R, Ferrante A, Vernieri P, Chrispeels MJ (2006) Drought, abscisic acid and transpiration rate effects on the regulation of PIP Aquaporin Gene expression and abundance in Phaseolus vulgaris plants. (springer.com)
Vasopressin, acting through cAMP, also increases transcription of the aquaporin-2 gene, thus increasing the total number of aquaporin-2 molecules in collecting duct cells. (wikipedia.org)

Boury-Jamot M, Sougrat R, Tailhardat M, Le Varlet B, Bonte F, Dumas M, Verbavatz JM (2006) Expression and function of aquaporins in human skin: Is aquaporin-3 just a glycerol transporter? (springer.com)

Long-term regulation of four renal aquaporins in rats. (findaphd.com)
Expression of aquaporins in the renal connecting tubule. (prolekare.cz)
Immunohistochemical studies of biopsy samples from a wide range of renal diseases revealed a substantial and striking upregulation of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) in the glomeruli and also in the tubules of diseased kidneys ( 6 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Body water homeostasis is tightly regulated through the coordinated function of aquaporin (Aqp) that is expressed in the renal tubular cells. (asm.org)

Now there are at least 12 isoforms of Aquaporins area cloned. (acris-antibodies.com)
Since then, 12 other isoforms of aquaporin-1 have been discovered and each have been classified under the family known as Aquaporins. (proteopedia.org)
[6] In addition, AQP4 has two distinct structural isoforms located in the CNS: M1 and M23. (wikidoc.org)
So far, 13 aquaporin isoforms (AQP0-AQP12) have been identified in mammalian species ( Verkman, 2005 ). (biologists.org)

Upon purification of the GFP-positive cells, we found that collecting duct (CD)-specific markers, including aquaporin 2 (Aqp2), an important channel for water reabsorption from urine, were abundantly expressed. (asm.org)
This occurs through increased transcription and insertion of water channels ( Aquaporin-2 ) into the apical membrane of collecting tubule and collecting duct epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)

Aquaporin 10 of 301 aas and 6 TMSs. (tcdb.org)
Aquaporin/glycerol facilitator of 294 aas and 6 TMSs. (tcdb.org)
Contractile vacuole aquaporin of 295 aas and 6 TMSs, Aqp. (tcdb.org)

Aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-Ab) are associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and typically this disorder has a poor visual prognosis as a result of optic neuritis (ON). (neurodiem.de)
Evidence of Muller Glial Dysfunction in Patients with Aquaporin-4 Immunoglobulin G-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. (edu.au)

2020. "Insight into Salivary Gland Aquaporins" Cells 9, no. 6: 1547. (mdpi.com)

Findings show that overexpression of aquaporin 5 (AQP5 ) activated epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT (show ITK Antibodies )) in colorectal cancer ( CRC (show CALR Antibodies )) cells. (antibodies-online.com)
Osmotic water permeabilities of aquaporins AQP4 (show AQP4 Antibodies ), AQP5 , and GlpF from near-equilibrium simulations have been presented. (antibodies-online.com)

In the latter regions, immunohistochemistry revealed strong aquaporin-6 labelling in the apical membrane of the surface epithelial cells, while weak or no labelling was observed in the crypt cells. (elsevier.com)
Characterization of aquaporin-6 as a nitrate channel in mammalian cells. (wikipedia.org)
One year later, a Chesebrough-Ponds patent 6 disclosing cosmetic compositions containing phytovitamin D 3 contained a discussion of keratinocytes, which constitute 75-80% of the total number of cells in the human epidermis. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
Water moves through cells in an organized way, most rapidly in tissues that have aquaporin water channels. (wikipedia.org)
In this paper we use in situ hybridization to examine the expression pattern of ZmTIP1 , a highly expressed tonoplast aquaporin of maize, in tissues and cells involved in water and solute uptake and transport. (plantphysiol.org)
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a key molecule for maintaining water and ion homeostasis in the central nervous system, is expressed in adult neural stem cells (ANSCs) as well as astrocytes. (biologists.org)
Immunocytochemistry showed strong aquaporin (AQP)-4 water channel expression in Müller cells in mouse retina and fibrous astrocytes in optic nerve. (arvojournals.org)

2002 Jun;282(6):F1034-42. (findaphd.com)

Aquaporins are selective water/glycerol channels involved in the maintenance of volume homeostasis and ionic/osmotic balance. (acris-antibodies.com)
Secretin promotes osmotic water transport in rat cholangiocytes by incresing aquaporin-1 water channels in plasma membrane. (wiley.com)
[12] Aquaporins allow water to move down their osmotic gradient and out of the nephron, increasing the amount of water re-absorbed from the filtrate (forming urine) back into the bloodstream. (wikipedia.org)

Lennon VA, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ, Verkman AS, Hinson SR. IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin-4 water channel. (springer.com)
[11] Aquaporin-4 is the predominant autoimmune target in neuromyelitis optica, or NMO, since a specific AQP4 IgG autoantibody, or NMO-IgG, binds to the extracellular surface of AQP4. (wikidoc.org)
In this report we show that NMO-IgG binds to the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel. (rupress.org)
Intraperitoneally injected NMO-IgG binds mouse placental aquaporin-4, activates coinjected human complement, and causes inflammatory cell infiltration into the placenta and placental necrosis. (jimmunol.org)

Genetic defects involving aquaporin genes have been associated with several human diseases including nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and neuromyelitis optica. (wikipedia.org)

Glycerol replacement corrects defective skin hydratation, elasticity, and barrier function in aquaporin-3-deficient mice. (prolekare.cz)
In control experiments, no placentitis was found in mice injected with NMO-IgG without complement, non-NMO-IgG with human complement, or in aquaporin-4 null mice injected with NMO-IgG and human complement. (jimmunol.org)
Mutations in aquaporin-0 in mice cause congenital cataracts. (proteopedia.org)

1] "Functional characterization of a novel aquaporin from Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae implies a unique gating mechanism. (tcdb.org)

Aquaporin 7 has greater sequence similarity with AQP3 and AQP9 and they may be a subfamily. (novusbio.com)
Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is one of the recently identified water channels that is also permeable to neutral solutes including urea. (acris-antibodies.com)
Each of the aqueous pores of AQP9 has independent water permeabilization activity, and the basic structure constituting these water pores is an α-helix of 6 times across the cell membrane. (creative-biogene.com)

Increased expression of aquaporins in placenta of the late gestation mouse fetus. (prolekare.cz)

Alexandersson E, Danielson JA, Rade J, Moparthi VK, Fontes M, Kjellbom P, Johanson U (2010) Transcriptional regulation of aquaporins in accessions of Arabidopsis in response to drought stress. (springer.com)

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the major membrane water channel in the central nervous system. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Aquaporin-4 is a membrane water channel that is most abundant at astrocytic end-feet. (biomedcentral.com)

4 In response, astrocytes in the brain and spinal cord produce even more IL-6, causing further damage and ultimately leading to the debilitating symptoms that occur in people with NMOSD. (roche.com)
There was no damage to maternal organs that express aquaporin-4, including the brain, spinal cord, kidneys, and skeletal muscle. (jimmunol.org)
Aquaporin 1 - a novel player in spinal cord injury. (semanticscholar.org)
The role of water channel aquaporin 1 (AQP-1) in uninjured or injured spinal cords is unknown. (semanticscholar.org)

Aquaporins selectively conduct water molecules in and out of the cell, while preventing the passage of ions and other solutes. (wikipedia.org)
Aquaporins are selectively permeable to water but exclude cations e.g. (coursehero.com)

Although the exact cause of NMOSD remains unknown, there is strong research that points to interleukin-6 (IL-6) as playing a key role in the inflammation that occurs in people with NMOSD, which can lead to unpredictable and severe relapses. (roche.com)
Role of interleukin-6 in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica. (roche.com)

Secretin induces the apical insertion of aquaporin-1 water channels in rat cholangiocytes. (semanticscholar.org)

Predicted molecular weight: 32 kDa.Can be blocked with Aquaporin 3 peptide (ab80550) . (abcam.com)

1997 Jun;8(6):1005-15. (findaphd.com)
Marinelli, R. A. and LaRusso, N. F. (1997), Aquaporin water channels in liver: Their significance in bile formation. (wiley.com)

This is supported by the fact that the bladder urothelium expresses the transmembrane water channels (aquaporins). (findaphd.com)
Expression and localisation of aquaporin water channels in human urothelium in situ and in vitro. (findaphd.com)
Aquaporin channels may be subject to intense short term regulation via signal transduction. (proteopedia.org)
The 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded jointly to Peter Agre for the discovery of aquaporins and Roderick MacKinnon for his work on the structure and mechanism of potassium channels. (wikipedia.org)
Aquaporins are water channels. (coursehero.com)
Aquaporin channels open when modified by ATP phosphorylation 7. (coursehero.com)
For the transcellular route water channels, formed by so-called aquaporins, are of importance. (springer.com)
Agre P (2006) The aquaporin water channels. (springer.com)
[5] Similar to other aquaporin channels, the monomers of AQP4 assemble into tetramers . (wikidoc.org)
It seems intuitively obvious that plant water channels, aquaporins (AQP), ought to play a dynamic role in maintaining cellular water homeostasis under conditions that necessitate modifications in water flux. (plantphysiol.org)
Placental and membrane aquaporin water channels: Correlation with amniotic fluid volume and composition. (prolekare.cz)
Glucagon induces the plasma membrane insertion of functional aquaporin-8 water channels in isolated rat hepatocytes. (prolekare.cz)
A diverse array of channels have been fundamentally explored, including aquaporins ( 7 ), carbon nanotubes ( 8 ), supramolecular water channels ( 9 - 11 ), and single-molecular synthetic channels ( 12 ). (sciencemag.org)
Agre P, Kozono D. Aquaporin water channels: molecular mechanisms for human diseases. (proteopedia.org)
Voltage-regulated water flux through aquaporin channels in silico. (mpg.de)

Here, I will summarize our current knowledge of the involvement of aquaporin-formed pores and tight junctions in epidermal water homeostasis - as well as in other functions - and their putative roles in skin dryness. (springer.com)

[8] Other performances that aquaporin-4 is involved in are synaptic plasticity, astrocyte migration, regulation of extracellular space volume, and the homeostasis of potassium. (wikidoc.org)
Host water homeostasis and aquaporins (AQP) are essential during pathological conditions since they interfere with the cell cytoskeleton and signaling, and hereby affect cell morphology and functions. (diva-portal.org)

Mutations in aquaporin-2 cause diabitis insipidus. (proteopedia.org)

In this study, we show that aquaporin-4 is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast of human and mouse placenta. (jimmunol.org)

Aquaporin 7 facilitates water, glycerol and urea transport. (novusbio.com)

2000 Jun;278(6):F867-74. (findaphd.com)

Aquaporin 7 and AQP3 are at the same chromosomal location suggesting that 9p13 may be a site of an aquaporin cluster. (novusbio.com)

Anatomy5

Organisms2

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs15

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Long-term regulation of aquaporins in the kidney. (1/216)

Vasopressin regulates apical targeting of aquaporin-2 but not of UT1 urea transporter in renal collecting duct. (2/216)

An impaired routing of wild-type aquaporin-2 after tetramerization with an aquaporin-2 mutant explains dominant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. (3/216)

Aquaporin-6: An intracellular vesicle water channel protein in renal epithelia. (4/216)

The Cre/loxP system and gene targeting in the kidney. (5/216)

Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in rat is mediated by a vasopressin-dependent apical pathway. (6/216)

Effects of missense mutations on rat aquaporin-2 in LLC-PK1 porcine kidney cells. (7/216)

Lack of vasopressin-independent upregulation of AQP-2 gene expression in homozygous Brattleboro rats. (8/216)

No images available that match "aquaporin 6"

Aquaporin 1

Aquaporin 5

Aquaporin 3

Aquaporin 4

Aquaporins

Aquaporin 2

Aquaporin 6

Water

Mercuric Chloride

Osmosis

Aquaglyceroporins

Blood Group Antigens

Water-Electrolyte Balance

Glycerol

Permeability

Cell Membrane Permeability

Plant Transpiration

Kidney Tubules, Collecting

Kidney Concentrating Ability

Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic

Plant Proteins

Ion Channels

Neuromyelitis Optica

Polyuria

Biological Transport

Xenopus laevis

Osmotic Pressure

Oocytes

Antidiuretic Agents

Molecular Sequence Data

Tulipa

Vapor Pressure

Amino Acid Sequence

Cistaceae

Plant Roots

Brain Edema

Mercury Compounds

Cell Membrane

Membrane Proteins

Lens, Crystalline

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Eye Proteins

Body Water

Renal Agents

Anguilla

Osmolar Concentration

Vasopressins

Immunohistochemistry

Dehydration

RNA, Messenger

Glomeromycota

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission

Salivary Glands

Mycelium

Deamino Arginine Vasopressin

Propylene Glycol

Mesophyll Cells

Mesembryanthemum

Kidney Medulla

Kidney

Submandibular Gland

Receptors, Vasopressin

Droughts

Astrocytes

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Xenopus

Mercury

Gene Expression

Nobel Prize

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Spinacia oleracea

Glycerol Kinase

Protein Transport

Pichia

Fragaria

Rats, Brattleboro

Plant Stomata

Proteolipids

Blotting, Western

Saline Solution, Hypertonic