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Aquaporin 1Aquaporin 5Aquaporin 3Aquaporin 4AquaporinsAquaporin 2Aquaporin 6WaterMercuric ChlorideOsmosisAquaglyceroporinsBlood Group AntigensWater-Electrolyte BalanceGlycerolPermeabilityCell Membrane PermeabilityPlant TranspirationKidney Tubules, CollectingKidney Concentrating AbilityDiabetes Insipidus, NephrogenicPlant ProteinsIon ChannelsNeuromyelitis OpticaPolyuriaBiological TransportXenopus laevisOsmotic PressureOocytesAntidiuretic AgentsMolecular Sequence DataTulipaVapor PressureAmino Acid SequenceCistaceaePlant RootsBrain EdemaMercury CompoundsCell MembraneMembrane ProteinsLens, CrystallineGene Expression Regulation, PlantEye ProteinsBody WaterRenal AgentsAnguillaOsmolar ConcentrationVasopressinsImmunohistochemistryDehydrationRNA, MessengerGlomeromycotaMicroscopy, Electron, Scanning TransmissionSalivary GlandsMyceliumDeamino Arginine VasopressinPropylene GlycolMesophyll CellsMesembryanthemumKidney MedullaKidneySubmandibular GlandReceptors, VasopressinDroughtsAstrocytesReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionXenopusMercuryGene ExpressionNobel PrizeRats, Sprague-DawleySpinacia oleraceaGlycerol KinaseProtein TransportPichiaFragariaRats, BrattleboroPlant StomataProteolipidsBlotting, WesternSaline Solution, HypertonicAntimony Potassium TartratePlant LeavesBase SequenceMalpighian TubulesGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinSequence Homology, Amino AcidRNA, ComplementaryImmunoblottingPhloretinMicroscopy, ImmunoelectronModels, MolecularFreezingSolute Carrier Family 12, Member 14-ChloromercuribenzenesulfonateMice, KnockoutDNA PrimersUreaHypertonic SolutionsArabidopsisGene Expression Regulation
Aquaporin 1
Aquaporin 1 forms a water-specific channel that is constitutively expressed at the PLASMA MEMBRANE of ERYTHROCYTES and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL. It provides these cells with a high permeability to WATER. In humans polymorphisms of this protein result in the Colton blood group antigen.
Aquaporin 5
Aquaporin 5 is a water-specific channel protein that is expressed primarily in alveolar, tracheal, and upper bronchial EPITHELIUM. It plays an important role in maintaining water HOMEOSTASIS in the LUNGS and may also regulate release of SALIVA and TEARS in the SALIVARY GLANDS and the LACRIMAL GLAND.
Aquaporin 3
Aquaporin 3 is an aquaglyceroporin that is expressed in the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS and is constitutively localized at the basolateral MEMBRANE.
Aquaporin 4
Aquaporin 4 is the major water-selective channel in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM of mammals.
Aquaporins
A class of porins that allow the passage of WATER and other small molecules across CELL MEMBRANES.
Aquaporin 2
Aquaporin 2 is a water-specific channel protein that is expressed in KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS. The translocation of aquaporin 2 to the apical PLASMA MEMBRANE is regulated by VASOPRESSIN, and MUTATIONS in AQP2 have been implicated in a variety of kidney disorders including DIABETES INSIPIDUS.
Aquaporin 6
Aquaporin 6 is an aquaglyceroporin that is found primarily in KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS. AQP6 protein functions as an anion-selective channel.
Water
A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Mercuric Chloride
Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.
Osmosis
Tendency of fluids (e.g., water) to move from the less concentrated to the more concentrated side of a semipermeable membrane.
Aquaglyceroporins
A subgroup of aquaporins that transport WATER; GLYCEROL; and other small solutes across CELL MEMBRANES.
Blood Group Antigens
Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.
Water-Electrolyte Balance
The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.
Glycerol
A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.
Permeability
Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.
Cell Membrane Permeability
A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.
Plant Transpiration
The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
Kidney Tubules, Collecting
Straight tubes commencing in the radiate part of the kidney cortex where they receive the curved ends of the distal convoluted tubules. In the medulla the collecting tubules of each pyramid converge to join a central tube (duct of Bellini) which opens on the summit of the papilla.
Kidney Concentrating Ability
The ability of the kidney to excrete in the urine high concentrations of solutes from the blood plasma.
Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic
A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder characterized by persistent hypotonic urine and HYPOKALEMIA. This condition is due to renal tubular insensitivity to VASOPRESSIN and failure to reduce urine volume. It may be the result of mutations of genes encoding VASOPRESSIN RECEPTORS or AQUAPORIN-2; KIDNEY DISEASES; adverse drug effects; or complications from PREGNANCY.
Plant Proteins
Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.
Ion Channels
Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.
Neuromyelitis Optica
A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4.
Polyuria
Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).
Biological Transport
The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.
Xenopus laevis
The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.
Osmotic Pressure
The pressure required to prevent the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates a pure solvent from a solution of the solvent and solute or that separates different concentrations of a solution. It is proportional to the osmolality of the solution.
Oocytes
Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).
Antidiuretic Agents
Agents that reduce the excretion of URINE, most notably the octapeptide VASOPRESSINS.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Tulipa
A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE. Members contain tuliposides and tulipalins and have been associated with allergic contact dermatitis in florists.
Vapor Pressure
The contribution to barometric PRESSURE of gaseous substance in equilibrium with its solid or liquid phase.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Cistaceae
A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. The common name of rock rose is used with several plants of this family.
Plant Roots
The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)
Mercury Compounds
Inorganic compounds that contain mercury as an integral part of the molecule.
Cell Membrane
The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Membrane Proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
Lens, Crystalline
A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes. Adaptation by the CILIARY BODY is crucial for OCULAR ACCOMMODATION.
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.
Eye Proteins
Body Water
Fluids composed mainly of water found within the body.
Renal Agents
Drugs used for their effects on the kidneys' regulation of body fluid composition and volume. The most commonly used are the diuretics. Also included are drugs used for their antidiuretic and uricosuric actions, for their effects on the kidneys' clearance of other drugs, and for diagnosis of renal function.
Anguilla
Osmolar Concentration
The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
Vasopressins
Antidiuretic hormones released by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS of all vertebrates (structure varies with species) to regulate water balance and OSMOLARITY. In general, vasopressin is a nonapeptide consisting of a six-amino-acid ring with a cysteine 1 to cysteine 6 disulfide bridge or an octapeptide containing a CYSTINE. All mammals have arginine vasopressin except the pig with a lysine at position 8. Vasopressin, a vasoconstrictor, acts on the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS to increase water reabsorption, increase blood volume and blood pressure.
Immunohistochemistry
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Glomeromycota
A phylum of fungi that are mutualistic symbionts and form ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE with PLANT ROOTS.
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission
A type of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY in which the object is examined directly by an extremely narrow electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point and using the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen to create the image. It should not be confused with SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
Salivary Glands
Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SUBLINGUAL GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND).
Mycelium
The body of a fungus which is made up of HYPHAE.
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin
A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.
Propylene Glycol
A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.
Mesophyll Cells
Large and highly vacuolated cells possessing many chloroplasts occuring in the interior cross-section of leaves, juxtaposed between the epidermal layers.
Mesembryanthemum
A plant genus of the family AIZOACEAE. It is a native of Africa and widely planted for erosion control to stabilize soil along roadsides and beaches.
Kidney Medulla
The internal portion of the kidney, consisting of striated conical masses, the renal pyramids, whose bases are adjacent to the cortex and whose apices form prominent papillae projecting into the lumen of the minor calyces.
Kidney
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
Submandibular Gland
One of two salivary glands in the neck, located in the space bound by the two bellies of the digastric muscle and the angle of the mandible. It discharges through the submandibular duct. The secretory units are predominantly serous although a few mucous alveoli, some with serous demilunes, occur. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Receptors, Vasopressin
Specific molecular sites or proteins on or in cells to which VASOPRESSINS bind or interact in order to modify the function of the cells. Two types of vasopressin receptor exist, the V1 receptor in the vascular smooth muscle and the V2 receptor in the kidneys. The V1 receptor can be subdivided into V1a and V1b (formerly V3) receptors.
Droughts
Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.
Astrocytes
A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.
Xenopus
An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.
Mercury
A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.
Gene Expression
The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.
Nobel Prize
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Spinacia oleracea
A widely cultivated plant, native to Asia, having succulent, edible leaves eaten as a vegetable. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)
Glycerol Kinase
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glycerol 3-phosphate from ATP and glycerol. Dihydroxyacetone and L-glyceraldehyde can also act as acceptors; UTP and, in the case of the yeast enzyme, ITP and GTP can act as donors. It provides a way for glycerol derived from fats or glycerides to enter the glycolytic pathway. EC 2.7.1.30.
Protein Transport
The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.
Pichia
Yeast-like ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES isolated from exuded tree sap.
Fragaria
A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE known for the edible fruit.
Rats, Brattleboro
A mutant strain of Rattus norvegicus used in research on renal function and hypertension and as a disease model for diabetes insipidus.
Plant Stomata
Closable openings in the epidermis of plants on the underside of leaves. They allow the exchange of gases between the internal tissues of the plant and the outside atmosphere.
Proteolipids
Protein-lipid combinations abundant in brain tissue, but also present in a wide variety of animal and plant tissues. In contrast to lipoproteins, they are insoluble in water, but soluble in a chloroform-methanol mixture. The protein moiety has a high content of hydrophobic amino acids. The associated lipids consist of a mixture of GLYCEROPHOSPHATES; CEREBROSIDES; and SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; while lipoproteins contain PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and TRIGLYCERIDES.
Blotting, Western
Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.
Saline Solution, Hypertonic
Hypertonic sodium chloride solution. A solution having an osmotic pressure greater than that of physiologic salt solution (0.9 g NaCl in 100 ml purified water).
Antimony Potassium Tartrate
A schistosomicide possibly useful against other parasites. It has irritant emetic properties and may cause lethal cardiac toxicity among other adverse effects.
Plant Leaves
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Malpighian Tubules
Slender tubular or hairlike excretory structures found in insects. They emerge from the alimentary canal between the mesenteron (midgut) and the proctodeum (hindgut).
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
An intermediate filament protein found only in glial cells or cells of glial origin. MW 51,000.
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
RNA, Complementary
Synthetic transcripts of a specific DNA molecule or fragment, made by an in vitro transcription system. This cRNA can be labeled with radioactive uracil and then used as a probe. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Immunoblotting
Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.
Phloretin
Microscopy, Immunoelectron
Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.
Models, Molecular
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
Freezing
Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.
Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 1
Na-K-Cl transporter in the ASCENDING LIMB OF LOOP OF HENLE. It mediates active reabsorption of sodium chloride and is inhibited by LOOP DIURETICS such as FUROSEMIDE; and BUMETANIDE. Mutations in the gene encoding SLC12A1 are associated with a BARTTER SYNDROME.
4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate
A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
DNA Primers
Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.
Urea
A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.
Hypertonic Solutions
Solutions that have a greater osmotic pressure than a reference solution such as blood, plasma, or interstitial fluid.
Arabidopsis
A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.
Gene Expression Regulation
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.
Cell Size
The quantity of volume or surface area of CELLS.
Morula
An early embryo that is a compact mass of about 16 BLASTOMERES. It resembles a cluster of mulberries with two types of cells, outer cells and inner cells. Morula is the stage before BLASTULA in non-mammalian animals or a BLASTOCYST in mammals.
Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters
A subclass of symporters that specifically transport SODIUM CHLORIDE and/or POTASSIUM CHLORIDE across cellular membranes in a tightly coupled process.
DNA, Complementary
Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.
Epithelial Cells
Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.
Quercus
A plant genus of the family FAGACEAE that is a source of TANNINS. Do not confuse with Holly (ILEX).
Cloning, Molecular
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Zea mays
A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
A computer simulation developed to study the motion of molecules over a period of time.
Acclimatization
Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.
Phylogeny
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives
Starches that have been chemically modified so that a percentage of OH groups are substituted with 2-hydroxyethyl ether groups.
Sodium Chloride
A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

Long-term regulation of aquaporins in the kidney. (1/515)

The discovery of the aquaporin family of water channels has greatly improved our understanding of how water crosses epithelial cells, particularly in the kidney. The study of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of collecting duct water permeability, in particular, has advanced very rapidly since the identification and characterization of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in 1993. One of the more surprising findings has been the dramatic long-term changes that are seen in the abundance of this protein, as well as the recognition that these changes represent a way of modulating the acute antidiuretic effects of vasopressin. Furthermore, such changes seem to be of etiological and pathological significance in a number of clinical disorders of water balance. This review focuses on the various conditions in which AQP2 expression is altered (either increased or decreased) and on what this can tell us about the signals and mechanisms controlling these changes. Ultimately, this may be of great value in the clinical management of water balance disorders. Evidence is also now beginning to emerge that there are similar changes in the expression of other renal aquaporins, which had previously been thought to provide an essentially constitutive water permeability pathway, suggesting that they too should be considered as regulatory factors in the control of body water balance.  (+info)

Vasopressin regulates apical targeting of aquaporin-2 but not of UT1 urea transporter in renal collecting duct. (2/515)

In the renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD), vasopressin regulates two key transporters, namely aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and the vasopressin-regulated urea transporter (VRUT). Both are present in intracellular vesicles as well as the apical plasma membrane. Short-term regulation of AQP2 has been demonstrated to occur by vasopressin-induced trafficking of AQP2-containing vesicles to the apical plasma membrane. Here, we have carried out studies to determine whether short-term regulation of VRUT occurs by a similar process. Cell surface labeling with NHS-LC-biotin in rat IMCD suspensions revealed that vasopressin causes a dose-dependent increase in the amount of AQP2 labeled at the cell surface, whereas VRUT labeled at the cell surface did not increase in response to vasopressin. Immunoperoxidase labeling of inner medullary thin sections from Brattleboro rats treated with 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) for 20 min revealed dramatic translocation of AQP2 to the apical region of the cell, with no change in the cellular distribution of VRUT. In addition, differential centrifugation of inner medullary homogenates from Brattleboro rats treated with DDAVP for 60 min revealed a marked depletion of AQP2 from the low-density membrane fraction (enriched in intracellular vesicles) but did not alter the quantity of VRUT in this fraction. Finally, AQP2-containing vesicles immunoisolated from a low-density membrane fraction from renal inner medulla did not contain immunoreactive VRUT. Thus vasopressin-mediated regulation of AQP2, but not of VRUT, depends on regulated vesicular trafficking to the plasma membrane.  (+info)

An impaired routing of wild-type aquaporin-2 after tetramerization with an aquaporin-2 mutant explains dominant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. (3/515)

Autosomal recessive and dominant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), a disease in which the kidney is unable to concentrate urine in response to vasopressin, are caused by mutations in the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) gene. Missense AQP2 proteins in recessive NDI have been shown to be retarded in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas AQP2-E258K, an AQP2 mutant in dominant NDI, was retained in the Golgi complex. In this study, we identified the molecular mechanisms underlying recessive and dominant NDI. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of rat and human kidney proteins and subsequent immunoblotting revealed that AQP2 forms homotetramers. When expressed in oocytes, wild-type AQP2 and AQP2-E258K also formed homotetramers, whereas AQP2-R187C, a mutant in recessive NDI, was expressed as a monomer. Upon co-injection, AQP2-E258K, but not AQP2-R187C, was able to heterotetramerize with wild-type AQP2. Since an AQP monomer is the functional unit and AQP2-E258K is a functional but misrouted water channel, heterotetramerization of AQP2-E258K with wild-type AQP2 and inhibition of further routing of this complex to the plasma membrane is the cause of dominant NDI. This case of NDI is the first example of a dominant disease in which the 'loss-of-function' phenotype is caused by an impaired routing rather than impaired function of the wild-type protein.  (+info)

Aquaporin-6: An intracellular vesicle water channel protein in renal epithelia. (4/515)

All characterized mammalian aquaporins (AQPs) are localized to plasma membranes where they function chiefly to mediate water transport across cells. Here we show that AQP6 is localized exclusively in intracellular membranes in renal epithelia. By using a polyclonal antibody to the C terminus of AQP6, immunoblots revealed a major 30-kDa band in membranes from rat renal cortex and medulla. Endoglycosidase treatment demonstrated presence of an intracellular high mannose glycan on each subunit. Sequential ultracentrifugation of rat kidney homogenates confirmed that AQP6 resides predominantly in vesicular fractions, and immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic studies confirmed that >98% of AQP6 is located in intracellular membrane vesicles. In glomeruli, AQP6 is present in membrane vesicles within podocyte cell bodies and foot processes. In proximal tubules, AQP6 is also abundant in membrane vesicles within the subapical compartment of segment 2 and segment 3 cells, but was not detected in the brush border or basolateral membranes. In collecting duct, AQP6 resides in intracellular membrane vesicles in apical, mid, and basolateral cytoplasm of type A intercalated cells, but was not observed in the plasma membrane. Unlike other members of the AQP family, the unique distribution in intracellular membrane vesicles in multiple types of renal epithelia indicates that AQP6 is not simply involved in transcellular fluid absorption. Moreover, our studies predict that AQP6 participates in distinct physiological functions such as glomerular filtration, tubular endocytosis, and acid-base metabolism.  (+info)

The Cre/loxP system and gene targeting in the kidney. (5/515)

The Cre/loxP and Flp/FRT systems mediate site-specific DNA recombination and are being increasingly utilized to study gene function in vivo. These systems allow targeted gene disruption in a single cell type in vivo, thereby permitting study of the physiological and pathophysiological impact of a given gene product derived from a particular cell type. In the kidney, the Cre/loxP system has been employed to achieve gene deletion selectively within principal cells of the collecting duct. Disruption of target genes in the collecting duct, such as endothelin-1 or polycystic kidney disease-1 (PKD1), could lead to important insights into the biological roles of these gene products. With selection of the appropriate renal cell-specific promoters, these recombination systems could be used to target gene disruption to virtually any renal cell type. Although transgenic studies utilizing these recombination systems are promising, they are in their relative infancy and can be time consuming and expensive and yield unanticipated results. It is anticipated that continued experience with these systems will produce an important tool for analyzing gene function in renal health and disease.  (+info)

Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in rat is mediated by a vasopressin-dependent apical pathway. (6/515)

Clinical studies have shown that aquaporin-2 (AQP2), the vasopressin-regulated water channel, is excreted in the urine, and that the excretion increases in response to vasopressin. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in AQP2 excretion are unknown, and it is unknown whether the excretion correlates with AQP2 levels in kidney or levels in the apical plasma membrane. The present study was undertaken to clarify these issues. Immunoblotting of rat urine samples revealed significant excretion of AQP2, whereas AQP3, being a basolateral aquaporin in the same cells, was undetectable. Thus, there was a nonproportional excretion of AQP2 and AQP3 (compared with kidney levels), indicating that AQP2 is excreted predominantly via a selective apical pathway and not by whole cell shedding. Urinary AQP2 was associated with small vesicles, membrane fragments, and multivesicular bodies as determined by immunoelectron microscopy and negative staining techniques. In rats with normal water supply, daily urinary excretion of AQP2 was 3.9+/-0.9% (n = 6) of total kidney expression. Treatment with desmopressin acetate subcutaneously caused a fourfold increase in urinary excretion of AQP2 during 8 h. Forty-eight hours of thirsting, known to increase endogenous vasopressin secretion, resulted in a three-fold increase in kidney AQP2 levels but urinary excretion increased ninefold to 15+/-3% (n = 6) of AQP2 in kidney of thirsted rats. Moreover, rats that were thirsted for 48 h and subsequently allowed free access to water for 24 h produced a decrease in urinary AQP2 excretion to 38+/-15% (n = 6) of that during thirsting. In Brattleboro rats or lithium-treated normal rats completely lacking vasopressin action, and hence having extremely low levels of AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane, AQP2 was undetectable in urine. Thus, conditions with known altered vasopressin levels and altered levels of AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane were associated with corresponding major changes in AQP2 urine excretion. In contrast, in such conditions, kidney AQP2 levels and urinary AQP2 excretion did not show a proportional relationship.  (+info)

Effects of missense mutations on rat aquaporin-2 in LLC-PK1 porcine kidney cells. (7/515)

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) gene have been found in families with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), but the pathophysiological mechanisms of how mutant AQP2 causes the disease are still not clear. METHODS: Wild-type (WT) AQP2 and four mutants-T126M, A147T, R187C, and S216P-were transiently expressed in LLC-PK1 cells. The osmotic water permeability of LLC-PK1 cells expressing AQP2 mutants was determined by stopped-flow light-scattering microphotometry. Cell surface expression, subcellular localization, and effects of vasopressin stimulation were examined by surface biotin labeling and confocal immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The osmotic water permeability (Pf) of cells expressing WT increased significantly after vasopressin treatment, whereas the Pf of cells expressing T126M A147T, R187C, and S216P was not significantly different from that of the control even after vasopressin stimulation. Confocal immunohistochemistry demonstrated distribution of WT and A147T in early/recycling endosomal compartments and vasopressin-responsive translocation and surface expression. In contrast, stainings of T126M, R187C, and S216P were similar to that of Grp78, indicating that these mutants were misassembled and retarded in the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the intracellular distribution and vasopressin-regulated trafficking of A147T is intact, in contrast to the other three mutants, of which both were impaired. Thus, it is conceivable that the disruption of the AQP2 channel function accounts for the pathogenesis of A147T NDI, whereas trafficking defects account for that of the other types, suggesting that the pathophysiology of AQP2-related NDI is heterogeneous.  (+info)

Lack of vasopressin-independent upregulation of AQP-2 gene expression in homozygous Brattleboro rats. (8/515)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays an important role in the expression of aquaporin (AQP-2) in the collecting duct. The present study was undertaken to determine whether there is an AVP-independent regulation of AQP-2 gene expression in homozygous Brattleboro rats in which endogenous AVP is absent. Exogenous administration of 1-deamino-8-D-AVP produced an antidiuresis and expressed AQP-2 mRNA and AQP-2 protein in the renal medulla of the homozygous Brattleboro rats. Twelve hours of water deprivation produced severe dehydration in the homozygous Brattleboro rats, such that urinary osmolality increased from 200 to 649 mosmol/kgH(2)O. However, no increase in AQP-2 mRNA expression was observed after this dehydration, and the medullary tissue content and urinary excretion of AQP-2 also remained unchanged. Increases in AQP-2 mRNA expression and AQP-2 protein were evident in Long-Evans rats after 64 h of water deprivation, with a severity of dehydration almost equal to the 12-h dehydrated, homozygous Brattleboro rats. These results indicate the lack of an AVP-independent mechanism for upregulating AQP-2 mRNA expression in renal collecting duct cells.  (+info)

Mankhwala 7 Opambana Othandiza Khansa Yammapapo-Yavomerezedwa ndi FDAMankhwala 7 Opambana Othandiza Khansa Yammapapo-Yavomerezedwa ndi FDA
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za mitundu ya khansa ya mmapapo, zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa khansa yamapapo, momwe mungadziwire ngati muli ndi khansa yammapapo komanso mankhwala omwe mungachiritse (makamaka a NSCLC) pamsika.
https://ny.aasraw.com/lung-cancer-drugs/
Ulendo waku India komanso zokopa alendo zikukumana ndi mavuto azachumaUlendo waku India komanso zokopa alendo zikukumana ndi mavuto azachuma
Mphamvu ya mliriwu ikupitilizabe kuwononga miyoyo ndi moyo waulendo waku India komanso zokopa alendo komanso kuchereza alendo chaka chachiwiri chotsatira. Ngakhale magawo ena akutsegulanso pangonopangono, nkhondoyi ikupitilizabe kupeza zofunika pamoyo. - eTurboNews | Zochitika | Nkhani Zoyenda
https://ny.eturbonews.com/2997240/Ulendo-waku-India-komanso-zokopa-alendo-zikukumana-ndi-mavuto-azachuma/
Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - GooddiabeteslifeAcquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - Gooddiabeteslife
Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus happens when the small tubes or tubules in the kidneys are defective causing a person to eliminate too much water during urination. This occurs because the kidneys do not respond to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)or vasopressin. ADH tells the kidneys to make the urine more concentrated.. Symptoms of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are extreme thirst especially for ice water and production of large amounts of urine. This commonly occurs because of a problem caused by something else such as blockage in the urinary tract, use of certain medications, high levels of calcium, or low levels of potassium. This acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is an extremely rare form of diabetes. When the cause of this form of diabetes inspidus is identified and corrected, the disease usually clears up. Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is treated with fluid intake that matches urine output and medication to lower urine output. Medications used to treat ...
http://gooddiabeteslife.com/diabetes-insipidus/acquired-nephrogenic-diabetes-insipidus-happens-when-the-small-tubes-or-tubules-in-the-kidneys-are-defective-causing-a-person-to-eliminate-too-much-water-during-urination/
Hydrochorothiazide attenuates lithium-induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus independently of the sodium-chloride co...Hydrochorothiazide attenuates lithium-induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus independently of the sodium-chloride co...
Lithium is the most common cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (Li-NDI). Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) combined with amiloride is the mainstay treatment in Li-NDI. The paradox antidiuretic action of HCTZ in Li-NDI is generally attributed to increased sodium and water uptake in proximal tubules as a compensation for increased volume loss due to HCTZ inhibition of the NaCl-co-transporter (NCC), but alternative actions for HCTZ have been suggested. Here, we investigated whether HCTZ exerted an NCC-independent effect in Li-NDI. In polarized mouse cortical collecting duct (mpkCCD) cells, HCTZ treatment attenuated the Li-induced downregulation of the Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel abundance. In these cells, amiloride reduces cellular Li influx through the epithelial sodium channel ENaC. HCTZ also reduced Li influx, but to a lower extent. HCTZ increased AQP2 abundance on top of that of amiloride and did not affect the ENaC-mediated transcellular voltage. MpkCCD cells did not express NCC mRNA or ...
http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/88128/
Effectiveness of rhGH Treatment in a Boy with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus | ESPE2015Effectiveness of rhGH Treatment in a Boy with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus | ESPE2015
Background: The majority of children with primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus grow below the third centile.. Objective and hypotheses: Effect of rhGH treatment on growth in a patient with primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.. Results: The patient is an 11-years and 2 month old Caucasian boy of unrelated healthy parents. At the age of 7 years and 9 month he was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of polydipsia and polyuria. His body height was 116.0 cm (−1.78 S.D.s). Urine volume was 4165 ml/day (5.2 l/m2). During a water deprivation test, urine osmolality was below 200 mosm/l while plasma sodium and plasma osmolality increased to 140 mmol/l and 305 msom/l respectively. Administration of desmopressin revealed no increase in urine osmolality and a mutation in the Aquaporin two gene was found during molecular analysis (c.732del C in exon 4 of the AQP2 gene). Treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (2 mg/kg per day) and amiloride (0.2 mg/kg per day) led to a decrease of urine output to 2800 ...
https://abstracts.eurospe.org/hrp/0084/hrp0084p3-962
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Its Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Diet - Diabetes Self CaringNephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Its Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Diet - Diabetes Self Caring
A water deprivation test is also performed to see if the person suffers from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The patient has to stay without water for around five hours or more and then the plasma concentration, as well as the volume of urine, is measured. In case the test is positive for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the patient will be resistant to the anti diuretic hormone. Hence, after the test, although the patient is dehydrated, dilute urine and blood plasma will still be present in the patient ...
https://www.diabetesselfcaring.com/nephrogenic-diabetes-insipidus/
Complications of Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - RightDiagnosis.comComplications of Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - RightDiagnosis.com
Complications of Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus including hidden complications, secondary medical conditions, symptoms, or other types of Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus complication.
http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/n/nephrogenic_diabetes_insipidus/complic.htm
Aquaporins in the kidney: from molecules to medicine. - Aquaporin and water channelsAquaporins in the kidney: from molecules to medicine. - Aquaporin and water channels
The discovery of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) answered the long-standing biophysical query of how water particularly crosses organic membranes. In the kidney, no less than seven aquaporins are expressed at distinct websites. AQP1 is extraordinarily ample in the proximal tubule and descending skinny limb and is crucial for urinary focus. AQP2 is solely expressed in the principal cells of the connecting tubule and gathering duct and is the predominant vasopressin-regulated water channel. AQP3 and AQP4 are each current in the basolateral plasma membrane of gathering duct principal cells and symbolize exit pathways for water reabsorbed apically by way of AQP2. Studies in sufferers and transgenic mice have demonstrated that each AQP2 and AQP3 are important for urinary focus.. Three extra aquaporins are current in the kidney. AQP6 is current in intracellular vesicles in gathering duct intercalated cells, and AQP8 is current intracellularly at low abundance in proximal tubules and gathering duct principal cells, ...
http://aquaporins.org/aquaporins-in-the-kidney-from-molecules-to-medicine/
KEGG PATHWAY: Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption - Mus musculus (mouse)KEGG PATHWAY: Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption - Mus musculus (mouse)
In the kidney, the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (AVP) is a critical regulator of water homeostasis by controlling the water movement from lumen to the interstitium for water reabsorption and adjusting the urinary water excretion. In normal physiology, AVP is secreted into the circulation by the posterior pituitary gland, in response to an increase in serum osmolality or a decrease in effective circulating volume. When reaching the kidney, AVP binds to V2 receptors on the basolateral surface of the collecting duct epithelium, triggering a G-protein-linked signaling cascade, which leads to water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) vesicle insertion into the apical plasma membrane. This results in higher water permeability in the collecting duct and, driven by an osmotic gradient, pro-urinary water then passes the membrane through AQP2 and leaves the cell on the basolateral side via AQP3 and AQP4 water channels, which are constitutively expressed on the basolateral side of these cells. When isotonicity ...
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?mmu04962
Diabetes - The School of Biomedical Sciences WikiDiabetes - The School of Biomedical Sciences Wiki
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by mutations in [[Aquaporin 2,aquaporin 2]]. Usually [[Aquaporin 2,AQP2]] is trafficked to the [[Cell membrane,cell membrane]] where it facilitates the reabsorption of water into the cell. In the diseased state the channels are retained inside the cell resulting in the inability to control the concentration of urine being produced ,ref,The Journal of Cell Biology. (2003). Reversed polarized delivery of an aquaporin-2 mutant causes dominant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 163(5):1099-109,/ref,.,br ...
https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php?title=Diabetes&diff=prev&oldid=2884&printable=yes
Urinary Concentration Defect and Renal Glycosuria in Cyclosporine-treated Rats | 대한전해질학회 | KISSUrinary Concentration Defect and Renal Glycosuria in Cyclosporine-treated Rats | 대한전해질학회 | KISS
학술논문검색사이트 KISS는 학술논문,연구논문,연구자료,학술지 등 다양한 자료를 서비스하며, 주제별, 등재별, 인용지수, 인기논문, 이슈논문 등 다양한 키워드의 논문을 제공하여 빠른 학술검색 및 인용이 가능하도록 서비스합니다.
http://kiss.kstudy.com/thesis/thesis-view.asp?key=3782674
The role of putative phosphorylation sites in the targeting and shuttling of the aquaporin-2 water channel. - PhysiomicsThe role of putative phosphorylation sites in the targeting and shuttling of the aquaporin-2 water channel. - Physiomics
For a proper functioning of epithelial cells, a polarized sorting and localization of channels and transporters that mediate transcellular ion and water movement is essential. Our work focuses on elucidating the routing regulation of wild-type AQP2/V2R, dissolving the underlying mechanisms for missorting of AQP2 mutants, and the identification of pharmacological chaperones, rescuing the cell surface expression of AQP2/V2R mutants in NDI.
http://physiomics.eu/osmoregulation/publications/j-biol-chem-27741473-41479,-2002/
Urine Osmolality Test: Purpose, Procedure, and ResultsUrine Osmolality Test: Purpose, Procedure, and Results
You should eat a balanced diet in the days leading up to the test. In some cases, your doctor may tell you to restrict fluids for 12 to 14 hours before the test.. Some medications, such as dextran and sucrose, can interfere with the results of the urine osmolality test. For this reason, you must tell your doctor about all of the medications youre taking.. Tell your doctor if youve had an X-ray involving dye or contrast medium in the days before the test. Either of these can interfere with your results. ...
https://www.healthline.com/health/osmolality-urine
Comparison of urine concentrations of CXCL1 between a t | Open-iComparison of urine concentrations of CXCL1 between a t | Open-i
Comparison of urine concentrations of CXCL1 between a the cancer and non-cancer groups, b low-grade and high-grade BCa and c low stage (NMIBC) and high stage BC
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4628002_40064_2015_1393_Fig1_HTML&req=4
Diabetes insipidus: Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in older people at The Medical DictionaryDiabetes insipidus: Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in older people at The Medical Dictionary
Diabetes insipidus: Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in older people. Health and Medicine Reference Covering Thousands of Diseases and Prescription Drugs.
http://the-medical-dictionary.com/diabetes_insipidus_article_3.htm
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - WikipediaNephrogenic diabetes insipidus - Wikipedia
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (also known as renal diabetes insipidus) is a form of diabetes insipidus primarily due to pathology of the kidney. This is in contrast to central/neurogenic diabetes insipidus, which is caused by insufficient levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, that is, arginine vasopressin or AVP). Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by an improper response of the kidney to ADH, leading to a decrease in the ability of the kidney to concentrate the urine by removing free water. The clinical manifestation is similar to neurogenic diabetes insipidus, presenting with excessive thirst and excretion of a large amount of dilute urine. Dehydration is common, and incontinence can occur secondary to chronic bladder distension. On investigation, there will be an increased plasma osmolarity and decreased urine osmolarity. As pituitary function is normal, ADH levels are likely to be abnormal or raised. Polyuria will continue as long as the patient is able to drink. If the patient is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrogenic_diabetes_insipidus
Decreased aquaporin-2 expression and apical plasma membrane delivery in kidney collecting ducts of polyuric hypercalcemic rats....Decreased aquaporin-2 expression and apical plasma membrane delivery in kidney collecting ducts of polyuric hypercalcemic rats....
Hypercalcemia is frequently associated with a urinary concentrating defect and overt polyuria. The molecular mechanisms underlying this defect are poorly understood. Dysregulation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2), the predominant vasopressin-regulated water channel, is known to be associated with a range of congenital and acquired water balance disorders including nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and states of water retention. This study examines the effect of hypercalcemia on the expression of AQP2 in rat kidney. Rats were treated orally for 7 d with dihydrotachysterol, which produced significant hypercalcemia with a 15 +/- 2% increase in plasma calcium concentration. Immunoblotting and densitometry of membrane fractions revealed a significant decrease in AQP2 expression in kidney inner medulla of hypercalcemic rats to 45.7 +/- 6.8% (n = 11) of control levels (100 +/- 12%, n = 9). A similar reduction in AQP2 expression was seen in cortex (36.9 +/- 4.2% of control levels, n = 6). Urine production increased ...
https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/9/12/2181
Atorvastatin for the Treatment of Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: A Randomized Controlled...Atorvastatin for the Treatment of Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: A Randomized Controlled...
Background: Lithium remains the gold-standard treatment for bipolar disorder, with 30-40% of patients with responding preferentially to this medication 1-3. Additionally, lithium is commonly used in treatment-resistant depression, and other psychiatric disorders (e.g. schizoaffective disorder). Lithium is especially valuable considering the great difficulty in achieving and maintaining symptomatic remission 4,5, the high rates of disability,…
https://geriparty.com/2017/06/13/atorvastatin-for-the-treatment-of-lithium-induced-nephrogenic-diabetes-insipidus-a-randomized-controlled-trial/
A Family Case of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus - NDI FoundationA Family Case of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus - NDI Foundation
Two brothers, patient 1 with fever and vomiting, and patient 2 with failure to gain weight were studied. After 4 hr of water deprivation test, the urinary osmolality of the patient 1 was only 105 mOsm/liter and his body weight showed a 4.6% reduction. In response to desamino-8-D arginine vasopressin intranasal administration, no significant elevation of urinary osmolality of patient 1 occurred. After low dose vasopressin tests, the maximal urinary osmolality of their father was in the normal range, but that of their mother was below the normal range. Moreover, the patients showed no significant increase of urinary osmolality after the same tests. The brothers were diagnosed as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) and their mother was diagnosed as a carrier. An early diagnosis of NDI is important, since adequate managements such as low-solute diet with restricted protein and salt intake or such as water intake at frequent intervals can prevent the hyperosmolality which would develop the delayed mental
http://www.ndif.org/articles/20-A_Family_Case_of_Nephrogenic_Diabetes_Insipidus/abstract
Aldose Reductase-Deficient Mice Develop Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus - NDI FoundationAldose Reductase-Deficient Mice Develop Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus - NDI Foundation
Aldose reductase (ALR2) is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases associated with diabetes mellitus, such as cataract, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. However, its physiological functions are not well understood. We developed mice deficient in this enzyme and found that they had no apparent developmental or reproductive abnormality except that they drank and urinated significantly more than their wild-type littermates. These ALR2-deficient mice exhibited a partially defective urine-concentrating ability, having a phenotype resembling that of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
http://www.ndif.org/articles/43-Aldose_ReductaseDeficient_Mice_Develop_Nephrogenic_Diabetes_Insipidus
A Pediatric Case of Primary Sj$ddot{o}$grens Syndrome Associated with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus and Renal Tubular AcidosisA Pediatric Case of Primary Sj$ddot{o}$grens Syndrome Associated with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus and Renal Tubular Acidosis
grens syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands. In addition, extra-glandular manifestations involving the lungs, liver, kidneys, pancreas, skin and central nervous system were reported in patients with SS. These extra-glandular manifestations are not rare in adult patient, but are very rare in pediatric SS. Renal manifestations are relatively common in adult SS, but are rarely reported in childhood SS. We experienced a girl with primary SS manifested with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis. ...
http://chikd.org/journal/view.php?number=561
Amelioration of polyuria in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus due to aquaporin-2 deficiencyAmelioration of polyuria in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus due to aquaporin-2 deficiency
AQP-2 deficiency in these patients with an early-stop codon is associated with complete unresponsiveness of the collecting duct to vasopressin, implying an indispensable role for AQP-2 in vasopressin antidiuresis. Urinary PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha are elevated, the former being extremely high, appa …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9797845/
What causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?What causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
diabetes insipidus is caused by problems related to a hormone called antidiuretic hormone or adh. adh is produced in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus.
https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/qa/what-causes-nephrogenic-diabetes-insipidus
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus Disease Ontology Browser - DOID:12387nephrogenic diabetes insipidus Disease Ontology Browser - DOID:12387
Mutations in human and/or mouse homologs are associated with this disease. Synonyms: vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus
http://www.informatics.jax.org/disease/DOID:12387
The Circle Practice - Library - Health A-ZThe Circle Practice - Library - Health A-Z
If you have nephrogenic diabetes insipidus thats caused by taking a particular medication, such as lithium or tetracycline, your GP or endocrinologist may stop your treatment and suggest an alternative medication. However, dont stop taking it unless youve been advised to by a healthcare professional.. As nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by your kidneys not responding to AVP, rather than a shortage of AVP, it usually cant be treated with desmopressin. However, its still important to drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration.. If your condition is mild, your GP or endocrinologist may suggest reducing the amount of salt and protein in your diet, which will help your kidneys produce less urine. This may mean eating less salt and protein-rich food, such as processed foods, meat, eggs and nuts. Dont alter your diet without first seeking medical advice. Your GP or endocrinologist will be able to advise you about which foods to cut down on.. Read more about eating a healthy, balanced ...
http://www.thecirclepractice.co.uk/Library/Conditions/Articles/diabetes-insipidus/treatment
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus - Genitourinary Disorders - Merck Manuals Professional EditionNephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus - Genitourinary Disorders - Merck Manuals Professional Edition
Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment of Renal Transport Abnormalities from the Professional Version of the Merck Manuals.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/renal-transport-abnormalities/nephrogenic-diabetes-insipidus
Diabetes insipidus - nephrogenicDiabetes insipidus - nephrogenic
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a disorder in which a defect in the small tubes (tubules) in the kidneys causes a person to pass a large amount of urine and lose too much water.
https://www.baptistjax.com/health-library/disease/diabetes-insipidus-nephrogenic
The Circle Practice - Library - Health A-ZThe Circle Practice - Library - Health A-Z
Diabetes insipidus is caused by problems with a hormone called vasopressin (AVP), also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH).. AVP plays a key role in regulating the amount of fluid in the body. Its produced by specialist nerve cells in a part of the brain known as the hypothalamus. AVP passes from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland where its stored until needed.. The pituitary gland releases AVP when the amount of water in the body becomes too low. It helps retain water in the body by reducing the amount of water lost through the kidneys, making the kidney produce more concentrated urine.. In diabetes insipidus, the lack of production of AVP means the kidney cant make enough concentrated urine and too much water is passed from the body. In rare cases, the kidney doesnt respond to AVP. This causes a specific form of diabetes insipidus, called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.. People feel thirsty as the body tries to compensate for the increased loss of water by increasing the amount of water ...
http://www.thecirclepractice.co.uk/Library/Conditions/Articles/diabetes-insipidus/introduction
Kirkby Malzeard & Masham Surgeries - Library - Health A-ZKirkby Malzeard & Masham Surgeries - Library - Health A-Z
Diabetes insipidus is caused by problems with a hormone called vasopressin (AVP), also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH).. AVP plays a key role in regulating the amount of fluid in the body. Its produced by specialist nerve cells in a part of the brain known as the hypothalamus. AVP passes from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland where its stored until needed.. The pituitary gland releases AVP when the amount of water in the body becomes too low. It helps retain water in the body by reducing the amount of water lost through the kidneys, making the kidney produce more concentrated urine.. In diabetes insipidus, the lack of production of AVP means the kidney cant make enough concentrated urine and too much water is passed from the body. In rare cases, the kidney doesnt respond to AVP. This causes a specific form of diabetes insipidus, called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.. People feel thirsty as the body tries to compensate for the increased loss of water by increasing the amount of water ...
http://www.kirkbyandmashamsurgeries.co.uk/Library/Conditions/Articles/diabetes-insipidus/introduction
NHS websiteNHS website
Diabetes insipidus is caused by problems with a hormone called vasopressin (AVP), also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH).. AVP plays a key role in regulating the amount of fluid in the body. Its produced by specialist nerve cells in a part of the brain known as the hypothalamus. AVP passes from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland, where its stored until needed.. The pituitary gland releases AVP when the amount of water in the body becomes too low. It helps retain water in the body by reducing the amount of water lost through the kidneys, making the kidney produce more concentrated urine.. In diabetes insipidus, the lack of production of AVP means the kidney cannot make enough concentrated urine and too much water is passed from the body. In rare cases, the kidney does not respond to AVP. This causes a specific form of diabetes insipidus called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.. People feel thirsty as the body tries to compensate for the increased loss of water by increasing the amount of ...
https://api-bridge.azurewebsites.net/conditions/index.php?uid=dGVzdEBpdHNuZXdtZWRpYS5jb20%3D&category=Z&p=diabetes-insipidus&index=1
NHS websiteNHS website
Diabetes insipidus is caused by problems with a hormone called vasopressin (AVP), also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH).. AVP plays a key role in regulating the amount of fluid in the body. Its produced by specialist nerve cells in a part of the brain known as the hypothalamus. AVP passes from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland, where its stored until needed.. The pituitary gland releases AVP when the amount of water in the body becomes too low. It helps retain water in the body by reducing the amount of water lost through the kidneys, making the kidney produce more concentrated urine.. In diabetes insipidus, the lack of production of AVP means the kidney cannot make enough concentrated urine and too much water is passed from the body. In rare cases, the kidney does not respond to AVP. This causes a specific form of diabetes insipidus called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.. People feel thirsty as the body tries to compensate for the increased loss of water by increasing the amount of ...
https://api-bridge.azurewebsites.net/conditions/index.php?uid=cGV0ZXIucmF2ZW5AYXJjaGFudC5jby51aw%3D%3D&h=500+&w=500&p=diabetes-insipidus&index=1
Jørgen Frøkiær - Research outputs - Research - Aarhus UniversityJørgen Frøkiær - Research outputs - Research - Aarhus University
Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal dysfunction in rats. / Bae, Eun Hui; Lee, Kyun Sang; Lee, Jongun; Ma, Seong Kwon; Kim, Nam Ho; Choi, Ki Chul; Frøkiaer, Jørgen; Nielsen, Søren; Kim, Sun Young; Kim, Sung Zoo; Kim, Suhn Hee; Kim, Soo Wan.. In: American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology, Vol. 294, No. 1, 2007, p. F272-80.. Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › Journal article › Research › peer-review ...
https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/persons/joergen-froekiaer
Demeclocycline-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes InsipidusIn-Vivo and In-Vitro Studies | Annals of Internal Medicine | American...Demeclocycline-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes InsipidusIn-Vivo and In-Vitro Studies | Annals of Internal Medicine | American...
Renal concentrating defects were found in 8 out of 24 patients treated with demeclocycline for acne. By evaluation of maximum and minimum urine osmolalities, free-water clearance (CH2O), and solute-free water reabsorption (TCH2O), in three of five symptomatic patients the defect was determined to be nephrogenic, dose-dependent, and reversible. A dose-dependent, reversible defect in antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-induced water flow was also produced by demeclocycline in gravimetric studies with paired toad urinary hemibladders. This defect in ADH responsiveness was probably located at the serosal surface and was probably caused by impairment of both cyclic-AMP generation and action. ...
http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/688071/demeclocycline-induced-nephrogenic-diabetes-insipidus-vivo-vitro-studies
The Gonen Lab: Structure GalleryThe Gonen Lab: Structure Gallery
PDB 2B6O, EMDB 2973 - 1.9Å resolutuion electron crystallography structure of the water channel Aquaporin-0 in its closed state. ...
https://cryoem.ucla.edu/pages/Structures
HEALTHHEALTH
When I got home, it should hold urine before testing. Two or three hours of restraint will suffice: rent a movie or preparing food, do whatever you occupy your time to concentrate urine in your body and thus make more effective reading. It is best to perform the test in the morning , but you can do it anytime of the day (the first urine of the day you from having to wait concentration). Try to drink water normally, instead of consuming it in abundance only to produce urine, as this lightens the fluid and prevents a correct reading. ...
http://mustsee-beforeyoudie.blogspot.ro/search/label/HEALTH
Water, Water Everywhere: A New Cause and a New Treatment for Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus | American Society of NephrologyWater, Water Everywhere: A New Cause and a New Treatment for Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus | American Society of Nephrology
Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition in which patients produce very large quantities of dilute urine. In the most severe forms, patients can produce 1 L urine every 1 hour 24 h/d, 7 d/wk, and 365 d/yr and must drink a comparable amount of water to avoid severe dehydration. Diabetes insipidus can be either central, resulting from failure of the posterior pituitary to make or secrete vasopressin (also called antidiuretic hormone), or nephrogenic, resulting from failure of the kidney to respond to vasopressin (reviewed in ref. 1). There are good therapies available for central diabetes insipidus, such as giving desmopressin to replace the missing hormone. However, there are no good therapies for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). NDI can result from genetic abnormalities, such as mutations in the V2-vasopressin receptor (V2R) or the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel, or acquired causes, such as chronic lithium therapy. Two recent publications in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ...
https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/27/7/1872
Amiloride blocks lithium entry through the sodium channel thereby attenuating the resultant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.Amiloride blocks lithium entry through the sodium channel thereby attenuating the resultant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Lithium therapy frequently induces nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; amiloride appears to prevent its occurrence in some clinical cases. Amiloride blocks the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) located in the apical membrane of principal cells; hence one possibility is that ENaC is the main entry site for lithium and the beneficial effect of amiloride may be through inhibiting lithium entry. Using a mouse collecting duct cell line, we found that vasopressin caused an increase in Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression which was reduced by clinically relevant lithium concentrations similar to what is seen with in vivo models of this disease. Further amiloride or benzamil administration prevented this lithium-induced downregulation of AQP2. Amiloride reduced transcellular lithium transport, intracellular lithium concentration, and lithium-induced inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. Treatment of rats with lithium downregulated AQP2 expression, reduced the principal-to-intercalated cell ratio, and ...
http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/79977
Most recent papers with the keyword Patern recognition receptors | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword Patern recognition receptors | Read by QxMD
Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) is a rare disorder caused by mutations of the arginine vasopressin (AVP) V2 receptor or aquaporin 2 (AQP2) genes. The current study presented the case of CNDI in a 1-month-old male with a novel mutation in the AQP2 gene. The patient was referred due to the occurrence of hypernatremia and mild-intermittent fever since birth. An AVP stimulation test was compatible with CNDI as there was no significant response to desmopressin. Molecular genetic analysis demonstrated two mutations in exon 1 of the AQP2 gene: C to T transition, which resulted in a missense mutation of (108)Thr (ACG) to Met (ATG); and a 127, 128 delCA, which resulted in a deletion mutation of glutamine in position 43 at codon CAG as the first affected amino acid, with the new reading frame endign in a termination codon at position 62 ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/96303
Browse In Polyuria, Kidney, Diabetes insipidus, Abdominal pain, Age, Hormone, Female, White | EDM Case ReportsBrowse In Polyuria, Kidney, Diabetes insipidus, Abdominal pain, Age, Hormone, Female, White | EDM Case Reports
Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (Li-NDI) is a rare and difficult-to-treat condition. A study in mice and two recent papers describe the use of acetazolamide in Li-NDI in 7 patients (a case report and a 6 patient series). We describe the case of a 63-year-old woman with bipolar disorder treated with lithium and no previous history of diabetes insipidus. She was hospitalized due to a bowel obstruction and developed severe dehydration after surgery when she was water deprived. After desmopressin administration and unsuccessful thiazide and amiloride treatment, acetazolamide was administrated to control polyuria and hydroelectrolytic disorders without significant side effects. To our knowledge, this is the third publication on acetazolamide use in Li-NDI patients. ...
https://edm.bioscientifica.com/browse?access=open&pageSize=10&sort=datedescending&t_0=signs-symptoms_587&t_1=gland_6&t_2=signs-symptoms_195&t_3=signs-symptoms_6&t_4=age&t_5=hormone&t_6=gender_0&t_7=ethnicity_20
Browse In Diabetes insipidus, Abdominal pain, Female, Hormone, Polyuria, Signs and Symptoms | EDM Case ReportsBrowse In Diabetes insipidus, Abdominal pain, Female, Hormone, Polyuria, Signs and Symptoms | EDM Case Reports
Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (Li-NDI) is a rare and difficult-to-treat condition. A study in mice and two recent papers describe the use of acetazolamide in Li-NDI in 7 patients (a case report and a 6 patient series). We describe the case of a 63-year-old woman with bipolar disorder treated with lithium and no previous history of diabetes insipidus. She was hospitalized due to a bowel obstruction and developed severe dehydration after surgery when she was water deprived. After desmopressin administration and unsuccessful thiazide and amiloride treatment, acetazolamide was administrated to control polyuria and hydroelectrolytic disorders without significant side effects. To our knowledge, this is the third publication on acetazolamide use in Li-NDI patients. ...
https://edm.bioscientifica.com/browse?access=open&pageSize=10&sort=datedescending&t_0=signs-symptoms_195&t_1=signs-symptoms_6&t_2=gender_0&t_3=hormone&t_4=signs-symptoms_587&t_5=signs-symptoms
Exactly What Contributes To Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus? Why You Ought To Be Aware Of Details?Exactly What Contributes To Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus? Why You Ought To Be Aware Of Details?
What can cause diabetes insipidus depends on that number of this particular condition youve.. Diabetes insipidus can be an unheard of health condition which usually develops whenever a individuals filtering system just cant preserve drinking water every time they execute their particular purpose of selection someones blood vessels. The amount of h2o generally is actually governed simply by ADH, that is really a good antidiuretic hormonal known as vasopressin.. The aim of vasopressin would be to constantly handle the amount of h2o which is within the body through governing the level of pee your own renal system help make. In case the degree of h2o with your method is lower, the anterior pituitary gland generates vasopressin in order to make use of much less h2o and lower the creation of pee.. Nonetheless, should you have DI, generally vasopressin is not able to correctly handle your bodys drinking water amounts, that allows a significant amount of pee to obtain created and also given out from ...
http://diabetescurenatural.com/exactly-what-contributes-to-nephrogenic-diabetes-insipidus-why-you-ought-to-be-aware-of-details
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - Vitamin LifeNephrogenic diabetes insipidus - Vitamin Life
Water deprivation test: Patients with NDI tend to produce urine that has a low concentration despite being deprived of water. On administration of AVP, patients with NDI will show little or no increase in urine concentration. During the water deprivation test, the patient is carefully monitored to make sure his or her body weight and blood plasma concentration stay within a safe range. The patient goes without water for less than six hours while the blood plasma concentrations and urine volume are measured. If the patient has NDI, he or she will be resistant to the antidiuretic action of AVP. Immediately following the water deprivation period, a patient with NDI will still have concentrated blood plasma and dilute urine despite the fact that he or she will be fairly dehydrated at that point. At the end of the water fast, the patients response to an infusion of DDAVP is measured. If the patient does not respond to DDAVP, he or she may have NDI. If the patient shows highly concentrated urine in ...
http://www.livingnaturally.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?StoreID=15F522D98A3A417FBE8D6702F135785A&DocID=condition-ndi
Taurine modulates arginine vasopressin-mediated regulation of renal function<...Taurine modulates arginine vasopressin-mediated regulation of renal function<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Taurine modulates arginine vasopressin-mediated regulation of renal function. AU - Mozaffari, Mahmood S.. AU - Schaffer, David. PY - 2001/6/7. Y1 - 2001/6/7. N2 - Taurine has been implicated in the regulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion, and we have previously shown altered renal excretory function in the taurine-depleted rat. To further elucidate the role of taurine in AVP-mediated renal responses, the effects of an antagonist for renal AVP receptors were examined in four groups of conscious rats: control, taurine-supplemented, taurine-depleted, and taurine-repleted. Control and taurine-supplemented rats displayed similar and significant AVP receptor antagonist-induced elevations in fluid excretion, sodium excretion, and free water clearance but a marked reduction in urine osmolality. These effects are consistent with inhibition of endogenous AVP activity. By contrast, in the taurine-depleted rats, the magnitude and the time course of drug-induced renal excretory ...
https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/taurine-modulates-arginine-vasopressin-mediated-regulation-of-ren
TCDB » SEARCHTCDB » SEARCH
Vasopressin-sensitive aquaporin-2 (Aqp2) in the apical membrane of the renal collecting duct (Fenton et al., 2008). Controls cell volume and thereby influences cell proliferation (Di Giusto et al. 2012). It plays a key role in concentrating urine. Water reabsorption is regulated by AQP2 trafficking between intracellular storage vesicles and the apical membrane. This process is tightly controlled by the pituitary hormone arginine vasopressin, and defective trafficking results in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). The crystal structure of Aqp2 has been solved to 2.75Å (Frick et al. 2014). In terrestrial vertebrates, AQP2 function is generally regulated by arginine-vasopressin to accomplish key functions in osmoregulation such as the maintenance of body water homeostasis by a cyclic AMP-independent mechanism (Olesen and Fenton 2017; Martos-Sitcha et al. 2015 ...
http://tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=1.A.8.8.8
Urine-concentrating mechanism in the inner medulla: Function of the thin limbs of the loops of henle<...Urine-concentrating mechanism in the inner medulla: Function of the thin limbs of the loops of henle<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Urine-concentrating mechanism in the inner medulla. T2 - Function of the thin limbs of the loops of henle. AU - Dantzler, William H.. AU - Layton, Anita T.. AU - Layton, Harold E.. AU - Pannabecker, Thomas L.. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - The ability of mammals to produce urine hyperosmotic to plasma requires the generation of a gradient of increasing osmolality along the medulla from the corticomedullary junction to the papilla tip. Countercurrent multiplication apparently establishes this gradient in the outer medulla, where there is substantial transepithelial reabsorption of NaCl from the water-impermeable thick ascending limbs of the loops of Henle. However, this process does not establish the much steeper osmotic gradient in the inner medulla, where there are no thick ascending limbs of the loops of Henle and the water-impermeable ascending thin limbs lack active transepithelial transport of NaCl or any other solute. The mechanism generating the osmotic gradient in the inner ...
https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/urine-concentrating-mechanism-in-the-inner-medulla-function-of-th
AVPR2 - Vasopressin V2 receptor - Sus scrofa (Pig) - AVPR2 gene & proteinAVPR2 - Vasopressin V2 receptor - Sus scrofa (Pig) - AVPR2 gene & protein
Receptor for arginine vasopressin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase (PubMed:8393786). Involved in renal water reabsorption (By similarity).
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P32307
Water & pH | Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry, 30e | AccessMedicine | McGraw-Hill MedicalWater & pH | Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry, 30e | AccessMedicine | McGraw-Hill Medical
Water is the predominant chemical component of living organisms. Its unique physical properties, which include the ability to solvate a wide range of organic and inorganic molecules, derive from waters dipolar structure and exceptional capacity for forming hydrogen bonds. The manner in which water interacts with a solvated biomolecule influences the structure both of the biomolecule and of water itself. An excellent nucleophile, water is a reactant or product in many metabolic reactions. Regulation of water balance depends upon hypothalamic mechanisms that control thirst, on antidiuretic hormone (ADH), on retention or excretion of water by the kidneys, and on evaporative loss. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, which involves the inability to concentrate urine or adjust to subtle changes in extracellular fluid osmolarity, results from the unresponsiveness of renal tubular osmoreceptors to ADH. ...
http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1366§ionid=73242240
ADCY6 gene - Genetics Home ReferenceADCY6 gene - Genetics Home Reference
Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (PubMed:17916776, PubMed:17110384). Functions in signaling cascades downstream of beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and in vascular smooth muscle cells (PubMed:17916776). Functions in signaling cascades downstream of the vasopressin receptor in the kidney and has a role in renal water reabsorption. Functions in signaling cascades downstream of PTH1R and plays a role in regulating renal phosphate excretion. Functions in signaling cascades downstream of the VIP and SCT receptors in pancreas and contributes to the regulation of pancreatic amylase and fluid secretion (By similarity). Signaling mediates cAMP-dependent activation of protein kinase PKA. This promotes increased phosphorylation of various proteins, including AKT. Plays a role in regulating cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) uptake and storage, and is required for normal heart ventricular contractibility. May contribute to normal heart ...
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/ADCY6
What does kidney medulla mean?What does kidney medulla mean?
Definition of kidney medulla in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of kidney medulla. What does kidney medulla mean? Information and translations of kidney medulla in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web.
http://www.definitions.net/definition/kidney%20medulla
Aquaporin-2 (254-267), pSER261, humanAquaporin-2 (254-267), pSER261, human
Peptides , Phosphopeptides , Aquaporin-2 (254-267), pSER261, human; This peptide is a fragment of the human aquaporin-2 (AQP2) phosphorylated at Ser261. Protein phosphorylation plays a key role in vasopressin signaling in renal-collecting duct. Phosphorylation at several AQP2 residues including Ser256 and Ser261, is altered in response to vasopressin. It is possible that both sites are involved in vasopressin-dependent AQP2 trafficking.; RQSVELH-pS-PQSLPR; H-Arg-Gln-Ser-Val-Glu-Leu-His-pSer-Pro-Gln- Ser-Leu-Pro-Arg-OH
https://www.anaspec.com/products/product.asp?id=49016&productid=25286
Medal for Research ExcellenceMedal for Research Excellence
Director of the Clinical Research Unit at lHôpital Sacré-Coeur in Montreal and Professor of Medicine at lUniversité de Montréal, Dr. Bichet identified the gene that causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in newborns and developed a blood test to detect it. Some of the knowledge gained was then applied to a new study on polycystic kidney disease, a more common hereditary condition... ...
https://www.kidney.ca/ontario/medal-for-research-excellence
Q&A Drugstore: Vigara online top doctors advice!Q&A Drugstore: Vigara online top doctors advice!
Lead: Lead compounds deposited as lead sulfide produce a variety of organisms resistant to penicillin should be reduced to a weighted linear combinations of just three primary colours are 720, 625, and 560 nanometres respectively. In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, where there is virtually no change of environment are often helpful. Pge4 synthesised in various ways other than sodium retention, there need not be applied either as a result of airway the chest and hypotension. A frequently quoted definition: The essence of the nerve that transmits impulses away from the cervix as much as 20% of patients. It is sometimes used as a source of infection below the site of removal to insure absence of urgent cancer referrals in bradford habit towards looser more frequent in english, understands requests in english as unhappiness, beauty 41 times as potent as thiopental or propofol; the anaesthesia is maintained in healthy people, the finger using extensor digitorum giving rise to a mean of the oestrous ...
https://bigsurlandtrust.org/care/vigara-online/20/
Revas h 50/12.5mg tablet 15sRevas h 50/12.5mg tablet 15s
Hydrochlorothiazide is used in the treatment of heart failure, hypertension, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus,Losartan is used in the treatment for hypertension
https://www.lifecarehealth.com/product/revas-h-50125mg---tablet-15s-I18480
Urine Osmolality: Reference Range, Interpretation, Collection and PanelsUrine Osmolality: Reference Range, Interpretation, Collection and Panels
Urine osmolality is used to measure the number of dissolved particles per unit of water in the urine. As a measure of urine concentration, it is more accurate than specific gravity.
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2088250-overview?pa=mVJLtke5RoqCByP/KbVyThvjHLCEMirX1OVxVq3BfjvlmH6MaM7Fi+LGN1U5CagNAop5SGRHHV1sXFIrSE/j6nRqmQjJmUDUmWrIYc71rg=
Analysis of the Causes of Lithium-Induced Polyuria | Clinical Science | Portland PressAnalysis of the Causes of Lithium-Induced Polyuria | Clinical Science | Portland Press
P. H. Baylis, D. A. Heath; Analysis of the Causes of Lithium-Induced Polyuria. Clin Sci Mol Med 1 September 1977; 53 (3): 11P-12P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs053011Pa. Download citation file:. ...
https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/53/3/11P/72208/Analysis-of-the-Causes-of-Lithium-Induced-Polyuria?redirectedFrom=fulltext
EGFR-mediated expression of aquaporin-3 is involved in human s...EGFR-mediated expression of aquaporin-3 is involved in human s...
EGFR-mediated expression of aquaporin-3 is involved in human skin fibroblast migration: AQP3 (aquaporin-3), known as an integral membrane channel in epidermal k
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/egfr-mediated-expression-of-aquaporin-3-is-involved-in-human-skin-fibroblast-migration
decreased urine osmolality Mammalian Phenotype Term (MP:0002988)decreased urine osmolality Mammalian Phenotype Term (MP:0002988)
The Mammalian Phenotype (MP) Ontology is a community effort to provide standard terms for annotating phenotypic data. You can use this browser to view terms, definitions, and term relationships in a hierarchical display. Links to summary annotated phenotype data at MGI are provided in Term Detail reports.
http://www.informatics.jax.org/vocab/mp_ontology/MP:0002988
Polyuria (Aftercare Instructions) - What You Need to KnowPolyuria (Aftercare Instructions) - What You Need to Know
Care guide for Polyuria (Aftercare Instructions). Includes: possible causes, signs and symptoms, standard treatment options and means of care and support.
https://www.drugs.com/cg/polyuria-aftercare-instructions.html
AVP geneAVP gene
The arginine vasopressin stimulates the process of phosphorylation of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) at renal tissue, which contributes to ... "Arginine vasopressin stimulates phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 in rat renal tissue". The American Journal of Physiology. 276 (2 ... 50 (2): 573-601. doi:10.1021/ja01389a050. ISSN 0002-7863. Turner, R. A.; Pierce, J. G.; du VIGNEAUD, V. (July 1951). "The ... 2 (5): 763-767. ISSN 0261-4189. PMID 6315416. Arima, Hiroshi; House, Shirley B.; Gainer, Harold; Aguilera, Greti (November 2002 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVP_gene
Neurohypophysial hormoneNeurohypophysial hormone
"Antidiuretic action of oxytocin is associated with increased urinary excretion of aquaporin-2". Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 19 ( ... 19 (2): 225-32. doi:10.1681/ASN.2007010029. PMC 2396735. PMID 18057218. Joo KW, Jeon US, Kim GH, Park J, Oh YK, Kim YS, Ahn C, ... 227 (2): 553-64. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp010047. PMC 1331210. PMID 4678722. Hatton GI (September 1988). "Pituicytes, glia ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurohypophysial_hormone
SNAP23SNAP23
... colocalization with aquaporin-2 in collecting duct vesicles". The American Journal of Physiology. 275 (5 Pt 2): F752-60. doi: ... 26 (2): 457-64. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81177-0. PMID 10839363. Martín-Martín B, Nabokina SM, Blasi J, Lazo PA, Mollinedo F ( ... 285 (2): 320-7. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5144. PMID 11444845. Logan MR, Lacy P, Bablitz B, Moqbel R (Feb 2002). "Expression of ... 375 (Pt 2): 433-40. doi:10.1042/BJ20030427. PMC 1223698. PMID 12877659. Valdez AC, Cabaniols JP, Brown MJ, Roche PA (Mar 1999 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAP23
STX4STX4
... colocalization with aquaporin-2 in collecting duct vesicles". The American Journal of Physiology. 275 (5 Pt 2): F752-60. doi: ... possible role in aquaporin-2 trafficking". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 98 (4): 906-13. doi:10.1172/JCI118873. PMC ... 3.0.CO;2-5. PMID 10508479. Paumet F, Le Mao J, Martin S, Galli T, David B, Blank U, Roa M (Jun 2000). "Soluble NSF attachment ... 143 (2): 303-4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90117-1. PMID 8206394. Low SH, Vasanji A, Nanduri J, He M, Sharma N, Koo M, Drazba J, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STX4
VasopressinVasopressin
Aquaporins allow water to move down their osmotic gradient and out of the nephron, increasing the amount of water re-absorbed ... Vasopressin, acting through cAMP, also increases transcription of the aquaporin-2 gene, thus increasing the total number of ... This occurs through increased transcription and insertion of water channels (Aquaporin-2) into the apical membrane of ... Wilson JL, Miranda CA, Knepper MA (2013). "Vasopressin and the Regulation of Aquaporin-2". Clinical and Experimental Nephrology ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin
DemeclocyclineDemeclocycline
"Demeclocycline attenuates hyponatremia by reducing aquaporin-2 expression in the renal inner medulla". Am. J. Physiol. Renal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demeclocycline
Vasopressin receptor antagonistVasopressin receptor antagonist
Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) may result from V2R or aquaporin-2 (AQP2) mutations. Exogenously administered ... doi:10.1007/s00018-006-6054-2. PMID 16794787. Decaux, G; Soupart, A; Vassart, G (2008). "Non-peptide arginine-vasopressin ... V1R and/or V2R antagonists may serve as molecular chaperones to mitigate misfolding defects in selected patients with type 2 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin_receptor_antagonist
Primary polydipsiaPrimary polydipsia
June 1999). "Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 water channel differentiates psychogenic polydipsia from central diabetes ... 20 (2): 375-385. doi:10.1093/schbul/20.2.375. PMID 8085139.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Dundas, Brian; Harris ... 157 (2): 569-593. Bibcode:1969NYASA.157..569F. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb12908.x. ISSN 1749-6632. PMID 5255630. Siegler EL ... 66 (2): 283-286. doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000116717.42624.68. ISSN 1534-7796. PMID 15039516.(subscription required) Lee, H. S.; Kwon ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_polydipsia
Non-invasive micro-test technologyNon-invasive micro-test technology
Horng, J.L.; Chao, P.L.; Chen, P.Y.; Shih, T.H.; Lin, L.Y. (2015). "Aquaporin 1 Is Involved in Acid Secretion by Ionocytes of ... a novel aquaporin gene from Medicago sativa, confers salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis". Environmental and Experimental ... 419 (1-2): 141-152. doi:10.1007/s11104-017-3335-5. S2CID 1202467. Ma, Y.; Dai, X.; Xu, Y.; Luo, W.; Zheng, X.; Zheng, D.; Pan, ... 53 (1-2): 59-69. doi:10.1016/0376-7388(90)80006-8. Kunkel, J.G.; Cordeiro, S.; Xu, Y.; Shipley, A.M.; Feijó, J.A. (2006). " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-invasive_micro-test_technology
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidusNephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Marples D, Frøkiaer J, Dørup J, Knepper MA, Nielsen S (April 1996). "Hypokalemia-induced downregulation of aquaporin-2 water ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrogenic_diabetes_insipidus
PhosphoproteomicsPhosphoproteomics
... regulation of aquaporin-2 phosphorylation at two sites". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 103 (18): 7159-64. doi:10.1073/pnas. ... including three novel phosphorylation sites in the vasopressin-sensitive water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2). Since the inception ... 6 (2): 1-11. doi:10.1093/gigascience/giw015. ISSN 2047-217X. PMC 5466708. PMID 28327990. Lim, Y. (2005). "Mining the tumor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoproteomics
Diabetes insipidusDiabetes insipidus
... it acts on proteins called aquaporins and more specifically aquaporin 2 in the following cascade. When released, ADH binds to ... Nephrogenic DI results from lack of aquaporin channels in the distal collecting duct (decreased surface expression and ... stimulating translocation of the aquaporin 2 channel stored in the cytoplasm of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ... 4 (2): 177-85. doi:10.1023/A:1022946220908. PMID 12766546. S2CID 33533827. Loffing J (November 2004). "Paradoxical antidiuretic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_insipidus
SKIPSKIP
"The inositol Inpp5k 5-phosphatase affects osmoregulation through the vasopressin-aquaporin 2 pathway in the collecting system ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SKIP
VacuoleVacuole
Proteins found in the tonoplast (aquaporins) control the flow of water into and out of the vacuole through active transport, ... "Acceleration of vacuolar regeneration and cell growth by overexpression of an aquaporin NtTIP1;1 in tobacco BY-2 cells". Plant ... 213 (2): 149-157. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11299.x. PMID 12167531. Retrieved 5 November 2020. Alberts B, Johnson B, Lewis ... 41 (2): 218-227. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2013.821650. ISSN 1040-841X. PMID 23919298. S2CID 11384111. Pappas, George D.; Brandt, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuole
VAMP2VAMP2
... possible role in aquaporin-2 trafficking". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 98 (4): 906-13. doi:10.1172/JCI118873. PMC ... 14 (2): 217-23. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb06994.x. PMC 398073. PMID 7835332. Chapman ER, An S, Barton N, Jahn R (Nov 1994 ... 20 (2): 169-80. doi:10.1006/mcne.2002.1122. PMID 12093152. S2CID 23927545. Margittai M, Otto H, Jahn R (Mar 1999). "A stable ... 138 (1-2): 171-4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. Jagadish MN, Fernandez CS, Hewish DR, Macaulay SL, Gough KH, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAMP2
SecretinSecretin
Evidence for a secretin-induced vesicular translocation of aquaporin-1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (20): 12984-8 ... translocation of aquaporin 2, or both are found. It has been suggested that "Secretin as a neurosecretory hormone from the ... "Secretin promotes osmotic water transport in rat cholangiocytes by increasing aquaporin-1 water channels in plasma membrane. ... 80 (2): 185-94. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6814. PMID 12160732. Lee LT, Tan-Un KC, Chow BK (2006). "Retinoic acid-induced human ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretin
Na-K-Cl cotransporterNa-K-Cl cotransporter
Increased NKCC2 activity aids in water reabsorption in the collecting duct through aquaporin 2 channels by creating a hypo- ... 13 (2): 183-8. doi:10.1038/ng0696-183. PMID 8640224. S2CID 42296304. Plata C, Meade P, Vazquez N, Hebert SC, Gamba G (Mar 2002 ... 22 (2): 192-5. doi:10.1038/9713. PMID 10369265. S2CID 23779936. Dzhala VI, Talos DM, Sdrulla DA, Brumback AC, Mathews GC, Benke ... isoform 2) exon 21 in the final gene product. NKCC1 is widely distributed throughout the human body; it has important functions ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na-K-Cl_cotransporter
Vasopressin receptor 2Vasopressin receptor 2
Ishikawa SE (Feb 2002). "[Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with mutations of vasopressin V2 receptors and aquaporin-2 ... 55 (2): 278-86. PMC 1918376. PMID 8037205. Yuasa H, Ito M, Oiso Y, Kurokawa M, Watanabe T, Oda Y, Ishizuka T, Tani N, Ito S, ... 2 (2): 103-6. doi:10.1038/ng1092-103. PMID 1303257. van den Ouweland AM, Dreesen JC, Verdijk M, Knoers NV, Monnens LA, Rocchi M ... 2 (2): 99-102. doi:10.1038/ng1092-99. PMID 1303271. van den Ouweland AM, Knoop MT, Knoers VV, Markslag PW, Rocchi M, Warren ST ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin_receptor_2
Ralf KaldenhoffRalf Kaldenhoff
Aquaporin tetramer composition modifies the function of tobacco aquaporins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010. 285(41): p. ... He is known for his work on the aquaporin protein class, where he detected facilitated diffusion of CO2 in plant tissue and ... Kaldenhoff was one of the first scientists to describe plant aquaporins. He initially accomplished to analyse the function and ... For the first time, Kaldenhoff could provide evidence that an aquaporin molecule could conduct CO₂. Kaldenhoff also worked on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Kaldenhoff
Antidiuretski hormon - Википедија, слободна енциклопедијаAntidiuretski hormon - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
2004). „Antidiuretic action of oxytocin is associated with increased urinary excretion of aquaporin-2". Nephrology, Dialysis, ... 2]. Antidiuretski hormon (ADH) ili vazopresin je ljudski hormon, izlučevina zadnjeg režnja hipofize, zapravo nervnog završetka ... V2. Agonisti: Dezmopresin • Ornipresin • Vazopresin. Antagonisti: Konivaptan • Demeklociklin • Liksivaptan • Mozavaptan • ... OX2. Agonisti: Oreksin-A. Antagonisti: Almoreksant • SB-649,868 • TCS-OX2-29 ...
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidiuretski_hormon
Protein kinase AProtein kinase A
phosphorylation of aquaporin 2 (stimulating it)[12]. Thick ascending limb cell. kidney. Vasopressin → V2 receptor. stimulate Na ... Casein kinase 2, is known to exist in a physiological tetrameric complex.[2] ... 577 (2): 101-108. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2015.11.052. PMC 4713328. PMID 26687711.. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_A
Daf-2Daf-2
... elegans by downregulating DAF-16/FOXO activity and aquaporin gene expression". Cell Metabolism. 10 (5): 379-91. doi:10.1016/j. ... The protein predicted from DAF-2's sequence is 35% identical to the human insulin receptor, which regulates metabolism; 34% ... Mutations in DAF-2 have been shown by Cynthia Kenyon to double the lifespan of the worms. In a 2007 episode of WNYC's Radiolab ... DAF-2 is the only member of the insulin receptor family in C. elegans but it corresponds, in form and function, to multiple ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daf-2
AQP7AQP7
Aquaporin 7 and AQP3 are at the same chromosomal location suggesting that 9p13 may be a site of an aquaporin cluster. Aquaporin ... Aquaporin-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP7 gene. Aquaporins/major intrinsic protein (MIP) are a family of ... "Entrez Gene: AQP7 aquaporin 7". Dibas AI, Mia AJ, Yorio T (1998). "Aquaporins (water channels): role in vasopressin-activated ... Aquaporin 7 has greater sequence similarity with AQP3 and AQP9 and they may be a subfamily. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQP7
Arabidopsis thaliana responses to salinityArabidopsis thaliana responses to salinity
Molecular and Cellular Features of Aquaporin Expression". Plant Physiology. 139 (2): 790-805. doi:10.1104/pp.105.065029. PMC ... 6 (2): 275-286. doi:10.1093/mp/sst017. PMID 23355543. Boursiac, Y.; Chen, S.; Luu, D. T.; Sorieul, M.; Van Den Dries, N.; ... 128 (2): 379-387. doi:10.1104/pp.010524. PMC 148901. PMID 11842142. Babourina, O. (2000). "Effect of Sudden Salt Stress on Ion ... doi:10.1007/s00425-005-0074-2. PMID 16079998. Demidchik, V.; Tester, M. (2002). "Sodium Fluxes through Nonselective Cation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabidopsis_thaliana_responses_to_salinity
Vasopressin receptorVasopressin receptor
The increased intracellular cAMP in the kidney in turn triggers fusion of aquaporin-2-bearing vesicles with the apical plasma ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin_receptor
PhloretinPhloretin
... inhibits aquaporin 9 (AQP9) on mouse hepatocytes. Phlorizin is the 2'-glucoside of phloretin Naringin dihydrochalcone ... 11 (2): 79-88. doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00982.x. PMID 19125776. Crespy, V.; Aprikian, O.; Morand, C.; Besson, C.; Manach, C ... Idris, I.; Donnelly, R. (2009). "Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors: An emerging new class of oral antidiabetic drug". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phloretin
KidneyKidney
... calbindin expressed in distal tubules and aquaporin 2 expressed in the collecting duct cells. The mammalian kidney develops ... 2:23) state that God searches out and inspects the kidneys, or "reins", of humans, together with the heart. The kidneys, like ... They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about 12 centimetres (4 1⁄2 inches ... 5 (2/3): 70-83. doi:10.4024/230503.jbpc.05.02. Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins; Charles William McLaughlin; Susan Johnson; Maryanna ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney
Cav1.2Cav1.2
272 (3 Pt 2): H1372-81. PMID 9087614.. *. Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY, Wentland MA, ... The calcium channel consists of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta and beta subunits in a 1:1:1 ratio. The S3-S4 linkers of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cav1.2
DiureticDiuretic
Competitive vasopressin antagonism leads to decreased number of aquaporin channels in the apical membrane of the renal ... 2. proximal tubule Loop diuretics bumetanide,[17] ethacrynic acid,[17] furosemide,[17] torsemide Inhibits the Na-K-2Cl ... 2. proximal tubule[17]. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors acetazolamide,[17] dorzolamide Inhibits H+ secretion, resultant promotion ... 9 (2): 159-62. doi:10.1007/BF00860731. PMID 7794709.. *^ Bakhireva LN, Barrett-Connor E, Kritz-Silverstein D, Morton DJ (June ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuretic
Red blood cellRed blood cell
Aquaporin 1 - water transporter, defines the Colton Blood Group;. *Glut1 - glucose and L-dehydroascorbic acid transporter; ... 39 (2): 189. doi:10.1093/icb/39.2.189.. *^ "BBC Bitesize - GCSE Biology - Blood - Revision 2". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-11 ... 15 (2): 96-97. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1979.tb01197.x.. *^ Higgins, John (2014). "Red Blood Cell Population Dynamics". Clinics ... 118 (2): 146-52. PMID 1856577.. *^ Kabanova S, Kleinbongard P, Volkmer J, Andrée B, Kelm M, Jax TW (2009). "Gene expression ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cells
Semipermeable membraneSemipermeable membrane
Aquaporins are protein channel pores permeable to H2O water. Reverse osmosisEdit. This section does not cite any sources. ... A cell membrane consists of proteins and phospholipids.[2] Signaling molecules send chemical messages to the proteins in the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semipermeable_membrane
TRPC6TRPC6
Two of the primary active constituents responsible for the antidepressant and anxiolytic benefits of Hypericum perforatum, also known as St. John's Wort, are hyperforin and adhyperforin.[9][10] These compounds are inhibitors of the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate, and they are reported to exert these effects by binding to and activating TRPC6.[10][11] Recent results with hyperforin have cast doubt on these findings as similar currents are seen upon Hyperforin treatment regardless of the presence of TRPC6.[12] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPC6
Inositol trisphosphate receptorInositol trisphosphate receptor
74 (2): 125-37. doi:10.1254/jjp.74.125. PMID 9243320.. *^ Supattapone S, Worley PF, Baraban JM, Snyder SH (January 1988). " ... This page was last edited on 2 December 2020, at 15:34 (UTC). ... PtdIns(3,4)P2 (PKB/Akt, PDPK1); Sphingolipids: C1P. *Ceramide ( ... 2] The InsP3R complex is formed of four 313 kDa subunits. In amphibians, fish and mammals, there are 3 paralogs and these can ... 2] Inositol triphosphate receptor represents a dominant second messenger leading to the release of Ca2+ from intracellular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inositol_trisphosphate_receptor
Electron crystallographyElectron crystallography
... highest resolution protein structure solved by electron crystallography of 2D crystals is that of the water channel aquaporin-0 ... 59 (Pt 2): 117-26. doi:10.1107/S0108767302022559. PMID 12604849.. *^ Weirich, T; Portillo, J; Cox, G; Hibst, H; Nicolopoulos, S ... doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80271-2. PMID 2359127.. *^ Kühlbrandt, Werner; Wang, Da Neng; Fujiyoshi, Yoshinori (February 1994). " ... Radiation damage was recently investigated using MicroED[2][3] of thin 3D crystals in a frozen hydrated state. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_crystallography
KidneyKidney
However, when plasma blood volume is low and ADH is released the aquaporins that are opened are also permeable to urea. This ... ADH binds to principal cells in the collecting duct that translocate aquaporins to the membrane, allowing water to leave the ... ADH acts on the V2 receptor and inserts aquaporins on the luminal side ... but at the same time setting up an osmotic gradient for water to follow should the aquaporins of the collecting duct be opened ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal
Cell membraneCell membrane
Such molecules can diffuse passively through protein channels such as aquaporins in facilitated diffusion or are pumped across ... 134 (2): 751-753. doi:10.1021/ja2076873. PMC 3262119. PMID 22239722.. *^ Staff (January 25, 2012). "Chemists Synthesize ... 29 (2): 88. doi:10.1002/ar.1090290205.. *^ Plowe, J. Q. (1931). "Membranes in the plant cell. I. Morphological membranes at ... There are 2 types of ER, smooth and rough. The rough ER has ribosomes attached to it used for protein synthesis, while the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmic_membrane
Inward-rectifier potassium channelInward-rectifier potassium channel
24 (2): 107-15. doi:10.1007/BF00211406. PMID 8582318.. *^ a b "1.A.2 Inward Rectifier K Channel (IRK-C) Family". TCDB. ... Activation by PIP2[edit]. All Kir channels require phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) for activation.[10] PIP2 binds ... ISBN 0-87893-321-2. External links[edit]. *Inward+Rectifier+Potassium+Channels at the US National Library of Medicine Medical ... To date, seven subfamilies have been identified in various mammalian cell types,[1] plants,[2] and bacteria.[3] They are the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inward-rectifier_potassium_ion_channel
TRPVTRPV
aquaporin 5, calmodulin, pacsin 3 2 TRPV5 calcium-selective TRP channel intestine, kidney, placenta 100:1 TRPV6 annexin II / ... PIP2 signaling ligands are represented by space-filling models (carbon = white, oxygen = red, phosphorus = orange).[1] ... Mutations in TRPs have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders, skeletal dysplasia, kidney disorders,[2] and may play an ... In group 2 there are TRPP ("P" for polycystic) and TRPML ("ML" for mucolipin). ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV
தைராய்டு சுரப்புக் குறை - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியாதைராய்டு சுரப்புக் குறை - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா
Yeum CH, Kim SW, Kim NH, Choi KC, Lee J (July 2002). "Increased expression of aquaporin water channels in hypothyroid rat ... வளர்சிதை மாற்றக் குறியீட்டைச் சிதைத்தல் (தொகுதி 2 இல் 1) - ஜேம்ஸ் பி. லாவெல்லே R.Ph. C.C.N. N.D, ISBN 1442950390, பக்கம் 100 ... "The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 3 (2): 167-174. doi:10.1017/S1461145700001826. http://journals.cambridge. ...
https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/தைராய்டு_சுரப்புக்_குறை
GJB1GJB1
98 (2): 172-5. doi:10.1007/s004390050183. PMID 8698335.. *^ a b c d e f g h i j "GJB1 gene". Genetics Home Reference. US ... doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:1,11::AID-HUMU2,3.0.CO;2-A. PMID 9888385.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJB1
AQP1 - WicipediaAQP1 - Wicipedia
"Increased aquaporin 1 expression in the tunica albuginea of Peyronie's disease patients: an in vivo pilot study. ". Histol ... "Overexpression of Aquaporin 1 on cysts of patients with polycystic liver disease.". Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2016. PMID 26838488. ... "Overexpression of Aquaporin-1 is a Prognostic Factor for Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Adenocarcinoma. ". Pathol Oncol Res ... "Red blood cell aquaporin-1 expression is decreased in hereditary spherocytosis. ". Ann Hematol. 2016. PMID 27465156. ...
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQP1
Аквапорин-1 - ВікіпедіяАквапорин-1 - Вікіпедія
Аквапорин-1, AQP1 (англ. Aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)) - білок, який кодується геном AQP1, розташованим у людей на ... de Groot B.L., Engel A., Grubmueller H. (2001). A refined structure of human aquaporin-1.. FEBS Lett. 504: 206 - 211. PubMed ... AQP1, AQP-CHIP, CHIP28, CO, aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group). Зовнішні ІД. OMIM: 107776 MGI: 103201 HomoloGene: 68051 GeneCards ... Сполуки, які фізично взаємодіють з Aquaporin 1 переглянути/редагувати посилання на ВікіДаних. ...
https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Аквапорин-1
Secretina, a enciclopedia libreSecretina, a enciclopedia libre
Evidence for a secretin-induced vesicular translocation of aquaporin-1" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 272 (20): 12984-12988. PMID ... H2N-His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Glu-Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Arg-Asp-Ser-Ala-Arg-Leu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Leu-Gln-Gly-Leu-Val-CONH2.[9] ... É famosa por ser a primeira hormona que foi identificada.[2] Nos humanos a secretina está codificada polo xene SCT.[3][4] ... 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 Chu JY, Lee LT, Lai CH, Vaudry H, Chan YS, Yung WH, Chow BK (2009). "Secretin as a neurohypophysial factor ...
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretina
NephronNephron
Aquaporins are membrane proteins that selectively conduct water molecules while preventing the passage of ions and other ... ADH affects the function of aquaporins, resulting in the reabsorption of water molecules as it passes through the collecting ... Archived October 2, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. *^ Hook, Jerry B. & Goldstein, Robin S. (1993). Toxicology of the Kidney. ... The ascending limb of loop of Henle is divided into 2 segments: Lower end of ascending limb is very thin and is lined by simple ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_tubules
Urinary systemUrinary system
... water permeability of the kidney's collecting duct and distal convoluted tubule by inducing translocation of aquaporin-CD water ... 1. Human urinary system: 2. Kidney, 3. Renal pelvis, 4. Ureter, 5. Urinary bladder, 6. Urethra. (Left side with frontal section ... 2 Function *2.1 Urine formation *2.1.1 Regulation of concentration and volume ... Average urine production in adult humans is about 1-2 litres (L) per day, depending on state of hydration, activity level, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system
HyponatremiaHyponatremia
... occurs in one of two ways: either the osmoreceptor-aquaporin feedback loop is overwhelmed, or it is interrupted. ... "Physiology and pathophysiology of renal aquaporins". Seminars in nephrology. 21 (3): 231-8. doi:10.1053/snep.2001.21647. PMID ... 2 (1): 151-61. doi:10.2215/CJN.02730806. PMID 17699400.. *^ "High incidence of mild hyponatraemia in females using ecstasy at a ... 2 (Suppl_3): iii12-iii19. doi:10.1093/ndtplus/sfp154. PMC 2762827. PMID 19881932.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyponatremia
GLUT1GLUT1
"Stomatin interacts with GLUT1/SLC2A1, band 3/SLC4A1, and aquaporin-1 in human erythrocyte membrane domains". Biochimica et ... Glucose transporter 1 (or GLUT1), also known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1), is ... GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome 2[edit]. Other mutations, like GLY314SER, ALA275THR, ASN34ILE, SER95ILE, ARG93TRP, ARG91TRP, a 3-bp ... GLUT1 accounts for 2 percent of the protein in the plasma membrane of erythrocytes. GLUT1, found in the plasma membrane of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLUT1
File:Ideogram house mouse chromosome 6.svgFile:Ideogram house mouse chromosome 6.svg
Aquaporin 1. *Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase. *Atrophin 1. *BH3 interacting-domain death agonist ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_6.svg
Lithium (medication)Lithium (medication)
Nielsen, J.; Kwon, T.H.; Christensen, B.M.; Frokiaer, J.; Nielsen, S. (May 2008). "Dysregulation of renal aquaporins and ... 4 (2): 117-128. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000494. PMID 10208444.. *^ a b c Marmol, F. (2008). "Lithium: Bipolar disorder and ... 2 (5): 193-202. doi:10.1093/jat/2.5.193.. *^ R. Baselt, Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 8th edition, ... 2CO. 3), sold under several trade names, is the most commonly prescribed, while lithium citrate (Li. 3C. 6H. 5O. 7) is also ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_
Transmembrane proteinTransmembrane protein
Aquaporins. *Chloride channels. *Outer membrane auxiliary proteins (polysaccharide transporter) - α-helical transmembrane ... Schematic representation of transmembrane proteins: 1) a single transmembrane α-helix (bitopic membrane protein). 2) a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmembrane_protein
Voltage-gated calcium channelVoltage-gated calcium channel
49 (2): 151-64. doi:10.1007/BF03020488. PMID 11823393.. *^ Hall JE (2011). Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology with ... α2δ Subunit[edit]. The α2δ gene forms two subunits: α2 and δ (which are both the product of the same gene). They are linked to ... α2δ, β, possibly γ. Cerebellar granule cells, other neurons T-type calcium channel ("Transient"). low voltage activated. Cav3.1 ... The α2δ subunit is also a binding site of the central depressant and anxiolytic drug phenibut, in addition to actions at other ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-dependent_calcium_channel
Sweat glandSweat gland
... can sometimes come with abnormal aquaporin 5 in the sweat glands.[70] ... 2. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 253. ISBN 9780721686073. .. *^ Spearman, Richard Ian Campbell (1973). The Integument: A ... 139 (2): 173-183. doi:10.1007/BF00523636. PMID 4352229.. *. Slegers, J. F. G. (1964). "The mechanism of sweat-secretion". ... 2][14][8] In both sweat gland types, the secretory coils are surrounded by contractile myoepithelial cells that function to ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat_gland
Gap junctionGap junction
384 (2): 205-15. doi:10.1006/abbi.2000.2131. PMID 11368307.. *^ a b c Maeda, Shoji; Nakagawa, So; Suga, Michihiro; Yamashita, ... 162 (2): 235-52. doi:10.1007/BF00209209. PMID 1237352. S2CID 38441429.. *^ Orci L, Malaisse-Lagae F, Amherdt M, et al. ( ... 96 (2): 231-8. PMID 1698798.. *^ Johnson, R. G.; Reynhout, J. K.; Tenbroek, E. M.; Quade, B. J.; Yasumura, T.; Davidson, K. G. ... 179 (2): 169-75. doi:10.1007/BF00219794. PMID 858161. S2CID 21604678.. *^ McGinley D, Posalaky Z, Provaznik M (October 1977). " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_junction
Aquaporin 2 - WikipediaAquaporin 2 - Wikipedia
It is the only aquaporin regulated by vasopressin. The basic job of aquaporin 2 is to reabsorb water from the urine while its ... This aquaporin is also regulated by food intake. Fasting reduces expression of this aquaporin independently of vasopressin. ... Aquaporin 2 is in kidney epithelial cells and usually lies dormant in intracellular vesicle membranes. When it is needed, ... This aquaporin is regulated in two ways by the peptide hormone vasopressin: short-term regulation (minutes) through trafficking ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin_2
Identification of phosphorylation-dependent binding partners of aquaporin-2 using protein mass spectrometry. - PubMed - NCBIIdentification of phosphorylation-dependent binding partners of aquaporin-2 using protein mass spectrometry. - PubMed - NCBI
Identification of phosphorylation-dependent binding partners of aquaporin-2 using protein mass spectrometry.. Zwang NA1, ... Identification of Phosphorylation-Dependent Binding Partners of Aquaporin-2 Using Protein Mass Spectrometry ... Identification of Phosphorylation-Dependent Binding Partners of Aquaporin-2 Using Protein Mass Spectrometry ... Identification of Phosphorylation-Dependent Binding Partners of Aquaporin-2 Using Protein Mass Spectrometry ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19209902
Aquaporin-2 (254-267), pSER261, humanAquaporin-2 (254-267), pSER261, human
This peptide is a fragment of the human aquaporin-2 (AQP2) phosphorylated at Ser261. Protein phosphorylation plays a key role ... This peptide is a fragment of the human aquaporin-2 (AQP2) phosphorylated at Ser261. Protein phosphorylation plays a key role ...
https://www.anaspec.com/products/product.asp?id=49016&productid=25286
Quantitative phosphoproteomics of vasopressin-sensitive renal cells: Regulation of aquaporin-2 phosphorylation at two sites |...Quantitative phosphoproteomics of vasopressin-sensitive renal cells: Regulation of aquaporin-2 phosphorylation at two sites |...
aquaporin;. dDAVP,. (deamino-Cys1, d-Arg8)vasopressin;. FT,. Fourier transform;. ICR,. ion cyclotron resonance;. IMAC,. ... Quantitative phosphoproteomics of vasopressin-sensitive renal cells: Regulation of aquaporin-2 phosphorylation at two sites. ... Quantitative phosphoproteomics of vasopressin-sensitive renal cells: Regulation of aquaporin-2 phosphorylation at two sites ... Quantitative phosphoproteomics of vasopressin-sensitive renal cells: Regulation of aquaporin-2 phosphorylation at two sites ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/103/18/7159?ijkey=510a25f555dac0731ee161a7c3e559a606c7b5de&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
AQP1 - Aquaporin 1 splice variant 2 - Homo sapiens (Human) - AQP1 gene & proteinAQP1 - Aquaporin 1 splice variant 2 - Homo sapiens (Human) - AQP1 gene & protein
Aquaporin 1 splice variant 2Imported. ,p>Information which has been imported from another database using automatic procedures ... Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family. [View classification]SAAS annotation. Automatic assertion according to rulesi ... tr,Q6JSD8,Q6JSD8_HUMAN Aquaporin 1 splice variant 2 (Fragment) OS=Homo sapiens OX=9606 GN=AQP1 PE=2 SV=1 ...
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q6JSD8
Aquaporin 2 Antibody (PA5-78808) Aquaporin 2 Antibody (PA5-78808)
Invitrogen Anti-Aquaporin 2 Polyclonal, Catalog # PA5-78808. Tested in Western Blot (WB), Immunohistochemistry (Frozen) (IHC (F ... Aquaporin-CD; Collecting duct water channel protein; Water channel protein for renal collecting duct; water-channel aquaporin 2 ... Cite Aquaporin 2 Polyclonal Antibody. The following antibody was used in this experiment: Aquaporin 2 Polyclonal Antibody from ... Sample was incubated with Aquaporin 2 polyclonal antibody (Product# PA5-78808).. Western blot analysis of Aquaporin 2 in Lane 1 ...
https://www.thermofisher.com/antibody/product/Aquaporin-2-Antibody-Polyclonal/PA5-78808
Aquaporin 2 Antibody (PA5-22865) Aquaporin 2 Antibody (PA5-22865)
Invitrogen Anti-Aquaporin 2 Polyclonal, Catalog # PA5-22865. Tested in Western Blot (WB), Immunofluorescence (IF), ... Host server : magellan-srch-2-prod-blue:8080/10.253.226.81:8080. git-commit: 01b04f9b241f51a560e30d6fc4026e5d4b4f8977 git-url: ...
https://www.thermofisher.com/antibody/product/Aquaporin-2-Antibody-Polyclonal/PA5-22865
Amelioration of polyuria in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus due to aquaporin-2 deficiencyAmelioration of polyuria in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus due to aquaporin-2 deficiency
AQP-2 deficiency in these patients with an early-stop codon is associated with complete unresponsiveness of the collecting duct ... to vasopressin, implying an indispensable role for AQP-2 in vasopressin antidiuresis. Urinary PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha are ... Amelioration of polyuria in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus due to aquaporin-2 deficiency Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998 Jul;49(1): ... due to an autosomal recessive aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) early-stop codon. This paper describes the clinical manifestations and ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9797845/
Diffusion in the endoplasmic reticulum of an aquaporin-2 mutant causing human nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. - PubMed - NCBIDiffusion in the endoplasmic reticulum of an aquaporin-2 mutant causing human nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. - PubMed - NCBI
Mutations in the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel cause the hereditary renal disease nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). The ... Diffusion in the endoplasmic reticulum of an aquaporin-2 mutant causing human nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.. Levin MH1, ... ATP depletion by 2-deoxyglucose and azide resulted in comparable slowing/immobilization of wild-type and T126M AQP2. These ... AQP2 translational diffusion in the ER was not slowed by the T126M mutation; diffusion coefficients were (in cm(2)/s x 10(-)10 ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11297561
Plants | Free Full-Text | Accumulation of TIP2;2 Aquaporin during Dark Adaptation Is Partially PhyA Dependent in Roots of...Plants | Free Full-Text | Accumulation of TIP2;2 Aquaporin during Dark Adaptation Is Partially PhyA Dependent in Roots of...
In Arabidopsis thaliana, mRNA levels of one of the aquaporin genes, TIP2;2, increase during dark adaptation and decrease under ... Numerous studies have described the light regulation of aquaporin genes, but none have identified the regulatory mechanisms ... Fluorescence of TIP2;2-GFP protein in the endodermis of roots in the wild-type seedlings increased during dark adaptation, but ... In this paper, we focus on the role of phytochrome A (phyA) signaling in the regulation of the TIP2;2 protein. We generated ...
http://mdpi.com/2223-7747/3/1/177/xml
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Urine Aquaporin-2: A Promising Marker of Response to the Arginine Vasopressin Type-2 Antagonist,...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Urine Aquaporin-2: A Promising Marker of Response to the Arginine Vasopressin Type-2 Antagonist,...
Urine aquaporin-2 has recently been demonstrated as a promising predictor of response to tolvaptan. We here validated aquaporin ... Long-term efficacy of tolvaptan treatment in the responders defined by aquaporin-2 needs to be validated in the future ... a member of the aquaporin family, is an arginine vasopressin-regulated water channel expressed in the renal collecting duct, ... The arginine vasopressin type-2 antagonist, tolvaptan, is a new-generation diuretic; it is especially indicated in patients ...
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/1/105
Patients with autosomal nephrogenic diabetes insipidus homozygous for mutations in the aquaporin 2 water-channel genePatients with autosomal nephrogenic diabetes insipidus homozygous for mutations in the aquaporin 2 water-channel gene
Recently, mutations in the autosomal gene coding for water-channel aquaporin 2 (AQP2) of the renal collecting duct … ... Patients with autosomal nephrogenic diabetes insipidus homozygous for mutations in the aquaporin 2 water-channel gene Am J Hum ... In the present study, missense mutations and a single nucleotide deletion in the aquaporin 2 gene of three NDI patients from ... Recently, mutations in the autosomal gene coding for water-channel aquaporin 2 (AQP2) of the renal collecting duct were ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7524315/?dopt=Abstract
Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Aquaporin-2 Water Channel - NDI FoundationPhysiology and Pathophysiology of the Aquaporin-2 Water Channel - NDI Foundation
In mammals six different aquaporins have been identified up to now, four of which (aquaporin-1 to aquaporin-4) are expressed in ... Because of its importance for normal water homeostasis and its involvement in many water balance disorders, aquaporin-2, the ... Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins, which function as specialized water channels to facilitate the passage of water ... In mammals six different aquaporins have been identified up to now, four of which (aquaporin-1 to aquaporin-4) are expressed in ...
http://www.ndif.org/articles/436-Physiology_and_Pathophysiology_of_the_Aquaporin2_Water_Channel/translation
Molecular evolution of mammalian aquaporin-2. Further evidence trhat elephant shrew and aardvark join the paenungulate cladeMolecular evolution of mammalian aquaporin-2. Further evidence trhat elephant shrew and aardvark join the paenungulate clade
Fluconazole increases osmotic water transport in renal collecting duct through effects on aquaporin-2 trafficking | MDC BerlinFluconazole increases osmotic water transport in renal collecting duct through effects on aquaporin-2 trafficking | MDC Berlin
Fluconazole increases osmotic water transport in renal collecting duct through effects on aquaporin-2 trafficking View in MDC ... binding to vasopressin V2 receptors promotes redistribution of the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) from intracellular vesicles ...
https://www.mdc-berlin.de/research/publications/fluconazole-increases-osmotic-water-transport-renal-collecting-duct-through
Inner Ear Arginine Vasopressin-Vasopressin Receptor 2-Aquaporin 2 Signaling Pathway Is Involved in the Induction of Motion...Inner Ear Arginine Vasopressin-Vasopressin Receptor 2-Aquaporin 2 Signaling Pathway Is Involved in the Induction of Motion...
... and the aquaporin 2 (AQP2) signaling pathway in the inner ear play important roles in hearing and balance functions through ... aquaporin 2 signaling pathway was potentially involved in the development of motion sickness and that blocking V2R with ... In the present study our results showed that activation of the inner ear arginine vasopressin-vaspopressin receptor 2 (V2R)- ... Inner Ear Arginine Vasopressin-Vasopressin Receptor 2-Aquaporin 2 Signaling Pathway Is Involved in the Induction of Motion ...
https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/373/2/248
GATA2 Regulates Body Water Homeostasis through Maintaining Aquaporin 2 Expression in Renal Collecting Ducts | Molecular and...GATA2 Regulates Body Water Homeostasis through Maintaining Aquaporin 2 Expression in Renal Collecting Ducts | Molecular and...
Roles of aquaporins in kidney revealed by transgenic mice. Semin. Nephrol. 26:200-208. doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.02.002. ... Regulation of aquaporin-2 gene transcription by GATA-3. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 232:65-68. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6236. ... Aquaporin-2 abundance in the renal collecting duct: new insights from cultured cell models. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 297: ... Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in mice lacking aquaporin-3 water channels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97:4386-4391. doi: ...
https://mcb.asm.org/content/34/11/1929
Bile Acid G Protein-Coupled Membrane Receptor TGR5 Modulates Aquaporin 2-Mediated Water Homeostasis | American Society of...Bile Acid G Protein-Coupled Membrane Receptor TGR5 Modulates Aquaporin 2-Mediated Water Homeostasis | American Society of...
Bile Acid G Protein-Coupled Membrane Receptor TGR5 Modulates Aquaporin 2-Mediated Water Homeostasis. Suchun Li, Miaojuan Qiu, ... Bile Acid G Protein-Coupled Membrane Receptor TGR5 Modulates Aquaporin 2-Mediated Water Homeostasis ... Bile Acid G Protein-Coupled Membrane Receptor TGR5 Modulates Aquaporin 2-Mediated Water Homeostasis ... Bile Acid G Protein-Coupled Membrane Receptor TGR5 Modulates Aquaporin 2-Mediated Water Homeostasis ...
https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/29/11/2658
Aquaporin 2 is a vasopressin-independent, constitutive apical membrane protein in rat vas deferens. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles...Aquaporin 2 is a vasopressin-independent, constitutive apical membrane protein in rat vas deferens. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles...
Aquaporin 2 is a vasopressin-independent, constitutive apical membrane protein in rat vas deferens. . 2000 Apr; 278(4):C791-802 ... Aquaporin 2 is a vasopressin-independent, constitutive apical membrane protein in rat vas deferens. ... Aquaporin 2 is a vasopressin-independent, constitutive apical membrane protein in rat vas deferens. ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/749681
Anti-AQP2 / Aquaporin 2 Antibody | Rabbit anti-Rat Polyclonal | LSBioAnti-AQP2 / Aquaporin 2 Antibody | Rabbit anti-Rat Polyclonal | LSBio
Aquaporin 2 antibody LS-C3796 is an unconjugated rabbit polyclonal antibody to rat Aquaporin 2 (AQP2). Validated for ELISA, IF ... Aquaporin 2 antibody LS-C3796 is an unconjugated rabbit polyclonal antibody to rat Aquaporin 2 (AQP2). Validated for ELISA, IF ... Aquaporin 2 antibody LS-C3796 is an unconjugated rabbit polyclonal antibody to rat Aquaporin 2 (AQP2). Validated for ELISA, IF ... Recognizes rat Aquaporin 2 (AQP-CD/WCH-CD). Species sequence homology: mouse: 100%; human and ovine: 93% (14/15aa; residues 257 ...
https://www.lsbio.com/antibodies/aqp2-antibody-aquaporin-2-antibody-c-terminus-elisa-if-immunofluorescence-ihc-wb-western-ls-c3796/4537
Anti-AQP2 / Aquaporin 2 | General | Primary Antibodies | Antibodies | Products | Biomol GmbH - Life Science ShopAnti-AQP2 / Aquaporin 2 | General | Primary Antibodies | Antibodies | Products | Biomol GmbH - Life Science Shop
... also called AQUAPORIN-CD, is found in the apical cell membranes of the kidneys collecting duct principal cells and in ... AQP2 (Aquaporin 2), also called AQUAPORIN-CD, is found in the apical cell membranes of the kidneys collecting duct principal ... Product information "Anti-AQP2 / Aquaporin 2" 0.5mg/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water. ... Amino acids EPDTDWEEREVRRRQSVELHSPQSLPRGTKA of human Aquaporin 2 were used as the immunogen for the Aquaporin 2 antibody.. ...
https://www.biomol.com/products/antibodies/primary-antibodies/general/anti-aqp2/aquaporin-2-nsj-r32091
Are aquaporin 4 antibodies appear in any other context than Devics syndrom? - Page 2Are aquaporin 4 antibodies appear in any other context than Devic's syndrom? - Page 2
Thread: Are aquaporin 4 antibodies appear in any other context than Devics syndrom? ... Are aquaporin 4 antibodies appear in any other context than Devics syndrom? ... I imagine it would be easier if there was at least a single good thing to look forward but there is nothing.[SIZE=2][/SIZE] ... She was released from the hospital yesterday where she got taken because of the rash from carbamazepin.[SIZE=2][/SIZE] ...
https://msworld.org/forum/showthread.php?141520-Are-aquaporin-4-antibodies-appear-in-any-other-context-than-Devic-s-syndrom&s=0716e3392ebd321ad9ab460712967540&p=1500278
Anti-Aquaporin 2 (254-271) Rabbit pAb | 178612Anti-Aquaporin 2 (254-271) Rabbit pAb | 178612
Rabbit pAb Anti-Aquaporin 2 (254-271), rabbit polyclonal, recognizes the ~40 and ~29 kDa forms of aquaporin-2 in rat kidney ... Anti-Aquaporin 2 (254-271) Rabbit pAb MSDS (material safety data sheet) or SDS, CoA and CoQ, dossiers, brochures and other ... Anti-Aquaporin 2 (254-271), rabbit polyclonal, recognizes the ~40 and ~29 kDa forms of aquaporin-2 in rat kidney membrane. ... Detection of rat aquaporin 2 by immunoblotting. Samples: Rat kidney membranes (lane 1) and preincubated with a control peptide ...
https://www.merckmillipore.com/ID/id/product/Anti-Aquaporin-2-254-271-Rabbit-pAb,EMD_BIO-178612
Dual Effects of Hypertonicity on Aquaporin-2 Expression in Cultured Renal Collecting Duct Principal Cells | American Society of...Dual Effects of Hypertonicity on Aquaporin-2 Expression in Cultured Renal Collecting Duct Principal Cells | American Society of...
Dual Effects of Hypertonicity on Aquaporin-2 Expression in Cultured Renal Collecting Duct Principal Cells. Udo Hasler, Manlio ... Dual Effects of Hypertonicity on Aquaporin-2 Expression in Cultured Renal Collecting Duct Principal Cells ... Dual Effects of Hypertonicity on Aquaporin-2 Expression in Cultured Renal Collecting Duct Principal Cells ... Dual Effects of Hypertonicity on Aquaporin-2 Expression in Cultured Renal Collecting Duct Principal Cells ...
https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/16/6/1571/tab-article-info
Ménières Disease Pathophysiology: Endolymphatic Sac Immunohistochemical Study of Aquaporin-2, V2R Vasopressin Receptor, NKCC2,...Ménière's Disease Pathophysiology: Endolymphatic Sac Immunohistochemical Study of Aquaporin-2, V2R Vasopressin Receptor, NKCC2,...
Ménières Disease Pathophysiology: Endolymphatic Sac Immunohistochemical Study of Aquaporin-2, V2R Vasopressin Receptor, NKCC2 ... Ménières Disease Pathophysiology: Endolymphatic Sac Immunohistochemical Study of Aquaporin-2, V2R Vasopressin Receptor, NKCC2 ... aquaporin-2 (AQP2), vasopressin receptor V2R, sodium potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (NKCC2), and transient receptor ...
https://www.iric.ca/fr/recherche/publications/meniere-s-disease-pathophysiology-endolymphatic-sac-immunohistochemical-study-of-aquaporin-2-v2r-vasopressin-receptor-nkcc2-and-trpv4
A Heterotrimeric G Protein of the Gi Family is Required for cAMP-triggered Trafficking of Aquaporin 2 in Kidney Epithelial...A Heterotrimeric G Protein of the Gi Family is Required for cAMP-triggered Trafficking of Aquaporin 2 in Kidney Epithelial...
Central to its antidiuretic action in mammals is the redistribution of the water channel aquaporin 2 (AQP2) from intracellular ... a peptide corresponding to the alpha subunits of Gi1/2 was much less potent. Thus a member of the Gi family, most likely Gi3, ... Aquaporin-2 is a water-transporting protein located in the principal cells of the kidney collecting duct. Its function is to ... aquaporin 2 DEFINITION: Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct ...
http://www.ndif.org/articles/22-A_Heterotrimeric_G_Protein_of_the_Gi_Family_is_Required_for_cAMPtriggered_Trafficking_of_Aquaporin_2_in_Kidney_Epithelial_Cells/body
Aquaporin-2 expression in primary cultured rat inner medullary collecting duct cells. - Semantic ScholarAquaporin-2 expression in primary cultured rat inner medullary collecting duct cells. - Semantic Scholar
We show here that primary cultures of rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells retain AQP-2 expression for at least 6 ... We also found that coating the culture dishes with type IV collagen, rather than rat-tail collagen, retards AQP-2 ... Our data show that cAMP supplementation is sufficient for the maintenance of AQP-2 expression in primary cultured cells. The ... Immunofluorescence and biochemical studies indicate a shuttling of AQP-2-bearing vesicles after stimulation with vasopressin or ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Aquaporin-2-expression-in-primary-cultured-rat-duct-Maric-Oksche/8e9808180dcbc58e250e6602e9bdded7250f7667
Proteomic analysis of lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: Mechanisms for aquaporin 2 down-regulation and cellular...Proteomic analysis of lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: Mechanisms for aquaporin 2 down-regulation and cellular...
However, chronic treatment with lithium induces numerous kidney-related side effects, such as dramatically reduced aquaporin 2 ... Proteomic analysis of lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: Mechanisms for aquaporin 2 down-regulation and cellular ... After 1 or 2 weeks of lithium treatment, we identified 6 and 74 proteins with altered abundance compared with controls, ... As a model system, inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD) isolated from rats treated with lithium for either 1 or 2 weeks were ...
https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/33885
Calcium signaling in vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 trafficking<...Calcium signaling in vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 trafficking<...
Balasubramanian, L., Sham, J. S. K., & Yip, K. P. (2008). Calcium signaling in vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 trafficking. ... Calcium signaling in vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 trafficking. / Balasubramanian, Lavanya; Sham, James S.K.; Yip, Kay Pong. ... Balasubramanian, L, Sham, JSK & Yip, KP 2008, Calcium signaling in vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 trafficking, Pflugers ... It has been the general consensus that cAMP-mediated PKA-dependent phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 is the primary mechanism of ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/calcium-signaling-in-vasopressin-induced-aquaporin-2-trafficking-3
Vasopressin regulates apical targeting of aquaporin-2 but not of UT1 urea transporter in renal collecting duct. - Semantic...Vasopressin regulates apical targeting of aquaporin-2 but not of UT1 urea transporter in renal collecting duct. - Semantic...
... namely aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and the vasopressin-regulated urea transporter (VRUT). Both are present in intracellular vesicles as ... Acute and chronic metabolic acidosis interferes with aquaporin-2 translocation in the rat kidney collecting ducts. Tomohiko ... Vasopressin regulates apical targeting of aquaporin-2 but not of UT1 urea transporter in renal collecting duct.. @article{ ... In the renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD), vasopressin regulates two key transporters, namely aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Vasopressin-regulates-apical-targeting-of-but-not-Inoue-Terris/b090283a4680976db196a9679d876ee9edc4ee11
AQP2ProteinTranslocationAntibodyMutationsMembraneGenePhosphorylationAQPsNephrogenicRegulationPermeabilityAQP1ArgininePathophysiologyTargeting of aquaporin-2 waterUrineMutationAQP3Collecting duct cellsReceptorGenesCell membranesExpression of aquaporinFunction of aquaporinProteinsMolecularUrea transporterAntibodiesGlycerolMembranesIntracellularVasopressin-inducedEpithelialMammalianRegulated by vasopressinRegulates the expressionAbundanceHumanMRNA expressionPeptide
AQP242
  • This aquaporin is regulated in two ways by the peptide hormone vasopressin: short-term regulation (minutes) through trafficking of AQP2 vesicles to the apical region where they fuse with the apical plasma membrane long-term regulation (days) through an increase in AQP2 gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vasopressin-mediated control of water permeability in the renal collecting duct occurs in part through regulation of the distribution of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) between the apical plasma membrane and intracellular membrane compartments. (nih.gov)
  • Our studies confirmed previously identified interactions between AQP2 and hsc70, hsp70-1 and -2, as well as annexin II. (nih.gov)
  • This peptide is a fragment of the human aquaporin-2 (AQP2) phosphorylated at Ser261. (anaspec.com)
  • Previously unidentified phosphorylation sites were found for membrane proteins essential to collecting duct physiology, including eight sites among aquaporin-2 (AQP2), aquaporin-4, and urea transporter isoforms A1 and A3. (pnas.org)
  • Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) is a hormonally regulated water channel located in the renal collecting duct. (thermofisher.com)
  • Mutations in the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel cause the hereditary renal disease nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). (nih.gov)
  • ATP depletion by 2-deoxyglucose and azide resulted in comparable slowing/immobilization of wild-type and T126M AQP2. (nih.gov)
  • Recently, mutations in the autosomal gene coding for water-channel aquaporin 2 (AQP2) of the renal collecting duct were reported in an NDI patient. (nih.gov)
  • What follows in this process is not entirely clear, but it leads to water-transporting proteins called aquaporin-2 ( AQP2 proteins ) traveling from their holding place inside the CD cell to the apical membrane of the cell . (ndif.org)
  • At present, there is speculation that a vesicle targeting protein , VAMP-2, that has been found in the AQP2-bearing vesicles may guide the vesicles to the membrane and then bind with a protein called syntaxin-4 that is expressed in the apical membrane of CD cells . (ndif.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) binding to vasopressin V2 receptors promotes redistribution of the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) from intracellular vesicles into the plasma membrane of renal collecting duct principal cells. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Upon purification of the GFP-positive cells, we found that collecting duct (CD)-specific markers, including aquaporin 2 (Aqp2), an important channel for water reabsorption from urine, were abundantly expressed. (asm.org)
  • Avp is an antidiuretic hormone secreted from the hypothalamic neurons, and the primary target of the Avp signaling for urine volume regulation is Aqp2 ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). (asm.org)
  • Avp binds to Avpr2 (Avp receptor type 2) in the principal cells of CD and subsequently induces phosphorylation of Aqp2 (via protein kinase A [PKA]) and its translocation to the luminal side of the principal cells. (asm.org)
  • Methods We used tubule suspensions of inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells from rat kidneys to investigate the effect of TGR5 signaling on aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression, and examined the in vivo effects of TGR5 in mice with lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) and Tgr5 knockout ( Tgr5 −/− ) mice. (asnjournals.org)
  • Aquaporin 2 antibody LS-C3796 is an unconjugated rabbit polyclonal antibody to rat Aquaporin 2 (AQP2). (lsbio.com)
  • AQP2 (Aquaporin 2), also called. (biomol.com)
  • AQP2 (Aquaporin 2), also called AQUAPORIN-CD, is found in the apical cell membranes of the kidney's collecting duct principal cells and in intracellular vesicles located throughout the cell. (biomol.com)
  • We identified from the literature a group of proteins expressed on the ELS and involved in endolymph volume regulation: aquaporin-2 (AQP2), vasopressin receptor V2R, sodium potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (NKCC2), and transient receptor potential cation channel V4 (TRPV4). (iric.ca)
  • Central to its antidiuretic action in mammals is the redistribution of the water channel aquaporin 2 ( AQP2 ) from intracellular vesicles to the apical membrane of kidney epithelial cells , an event initiated by an increase in cAMP and activation of protein kinase A . The subsequent steps of the signaling cascade are not known. (ndif.org)
  • When the antidiuretic hormone , arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) binds with the vasopressin-2 receptor ( V2R ) it sends a signal to AQP2 vesicles waiting in the ER to shuttle to the cell membrane so the AQP2 can be inserted in it. (ndif.org)
  • However, chronic treatment with lithium induces numerous kidney-related side effects, such as dramatically reduced aquaporin 2 (AQP2) abundance, altered renal function, and structural changes. (jhu.edu)
  • As a model system, inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD) isolated from rats treated with lithium for either 1 or 2 weeks were subjected to differential 2D gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis to identify (i) signaling pathways affected by lithium and (ii) unique candidate proteins for AQP2 regulation. (jhu.edu)
  • In the renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD), vasopressin regulates two key transporters, namely aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and the vasopressin-regulated urea transporter (VRUT). (semanticscholar.org)
  • In the renal collecting duct, vasopressin regulates water permeability by a process that involves stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity, cAMP production and subsequent translocation of water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) into the apical plasma membrane. (docphin.com)
  • The AQP2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called aquaporin 2. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most of the known AQP2 gene mutations cause the aquaporin 2 protein to be misfolded into an incorrect 3-dimensional shape. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is an arginine vasopressin (AVP)-regulated water channel protein localized to the apical region of renal collecting duct cells and is involved in the regulation of water permeability. (elsevier.com)
  • diabetes insipidus: Types and causes: …in a gene known as AQP2 (aquaporin 2), which encodes a specific form of aquaporin. (britannica.com)
  • Mutations in the aquaporin-2 gene (AQP2), encoding the vasopressin-regulated water channel of the renal collecting duct, are responsible for the autosomal recessive or dominant forms of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. (elsevier.com)
  • Lack of arginine vasopressin-induced phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 mutant AQP2-R254L explains dominant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. (ru.nl)
  • Water homeostasis in humans is regulated by vasopressin, which induces the translocation of homotetrameric aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels from intracellular vesicles to the apical membrane of renal principal cells. (ru.nl)
  • Since the carboxyl terminus of aquaporin-2 (AQP2c) has a class I PDZ-interacting motif (X-T/S-X-Φ), the role of SNX27 in the regulation of AQP2 was studied. (au.dk)
  • AVP increases the osmotic water permeability of the collecting duct cells through aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and aquaporin-3 (AQP3). (bvsalud.org)
  • Binding of AVP to the arginine vasopressin receptor type 2 (AVPR2) in the basolateral membrane leads to translocation of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) water channels to the apical membrane of the collecting duct principal cells, inducing water permeability of the membrane. (springer.com)
  • Aquaporin-2 (AQP2), when expressed in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, displays cAMP-dependent plasma membrane translocation in a manner similar to its behavior in renal epithelial cells. (elsevier.com)
  • Interestingly, however, the peripheral AQP2 vesicles significantly overlapped vesicle-associated membrane protein-2, underscoring the role of the latter in hormone-regulated exocytosis. (elsevier.com)
  • We tested whether severe congestive heart\ud failure (CHF), a condition associated with excess free-water retention, is accompanied by altered regulation of the vasopressin-regulated water channel, aquaporin-2 (AQP2), in the renal collecting duct. (core.ac.uk)
  • Here, we describe the identification of a single base pair change in aquaporin-2 (Aqp2) in cph mutants through genetic linkage mapping. (wustl.edu)
  • Hsp90 inhibitor partially corrects nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a conditional knock-in mouse model of aquaporin-2 mutation Mutations in aquaporin-2 (AQP2) that interfere with its cellular processing can produce autosomal recessive nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). (tripdatabase.com)
  • A recent study revealed that bottlenose dolphins acquired a novel isoform of aquaporin 2 generated by alternative splicing (alternative AQP2), which helps dolphins to live in hyperosmotic seawater. (bireme.br)
Protein31
  • Identification of phosphorylation-dependent binding partners of aquaporin-2 using protein mass spectrometry. (nih.gov)
  • In Arabidopsis thaliana , mRNA levels of one of the aquaporin genes, TIP2;2 , increase during dark adaptation and decrease under far-red light illumination, but the effects of light at the protein level and on the mechanism of light regulation remain unknown. (mdpi.com)
  • In this paper, we focus on the role of phytochrome A (phyA) signaling in the regulation of the TIP2;2 protein. (mdpi.com)
  • We generated Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing a TIP2;2-GFP fusion protein driven by its own promoter, and showed several differences in TIP2;2 behavior between wild type and the phyA mutant. (mdpi.com)
  • Fluorescence of TIP2;2-GFP protein in the endodermis of roots in the wild-type seedlings increased during dark adaptation, but not in the phyA mutant. (mdpi.com)
  • The amount of the TIP2;2-GFP protein in wild-type seedlings decreased rapidly under far-red light illumination, and a delay in reduction of TIP2;2-GFP was observed in the phyA mutant. (mdpi.com)
  • Aquaporin 2 is a vasopressin-independent, constitutive apical membrane protein in rat vas deferens. (harvard.edu)
  • Aquaporin-2 is a water-transporting protein located in the principal cells of the kidney collecting duct . (ndif.org)
  • Protein kinase A phosphorylation is involved in regulated exocytosis of aquaporin-2 in transfected LLC-PK1 cells. (semanticscholar.org)
  • We demonstrate that members of several signaling pathways are activated by lithium treatment, including the PKB/Akt-kinase and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), such as extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. (jhu.edu)
  • Exogenous cAMP analog (8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP), which activates Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP), but not PKA, triggers Ca 2+ mobilization and apical exocytosis. (elsevier.com)
  • Aquaporin 3 is the protein product of the human AQP3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Tight Junction Protein 2 (TJP2) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (aquaporins.org)
  • Known also as Tight Junction Protein 2 elisa. (aquaporins.org)
  • Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Tight Junction Protein 2 (TJP2) in samples from Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (aquaporins.org)
  • Here, we demonstrate that high intracellular CO 2 /HCO 3 − enhances currents mediated by the Arabidopsis thaliana guard cell S-type anion channel SLAC1 upon coexpression of any one of the Arabidopsis protein kinases OST1, CPK6, or CPK23 in Xenopus laevis oocytes. (plantcell.org)
  • These findings identify the CO 2 -permeable PIP2;1 as key interactor of βCA4 and demonstrate functional reconstitution of extracellular CO 2 signaling to ion channel regulation upon coexpression of PIP2;1, βCA4, SLAC1, and protein kinases. (plantcell.org)
  • These data further implicate SLAC1 as a bicarbonate-responsive protein contributing to CO 2 regulation of S-type anion channels. (plantcell.org)
  • A synthetic peptide from the n-terminal region of human Aquaporin 7 (AQP7) conjugated to an immunogenic carrier protein was used as the immunogen. (novusbio.com)
  • Aquaporins/major intrinsic protein (MIP) are a family of water-selective membrane channels. (novusbio.com)
  • Aquaporin-11: a channel protein lacking apparent transport function expressed in brain. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • 2. Aquaporins are protein tunnels that allow which important molecule to travel across a cell membrane? (study.com)
  • Aquaporin 2 (Ab-256) Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Aquaporin 2 protein. (genetex.com)
  • Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane protein channels that allow the rapid movement of water through epithelium . (bvsalud.org)
  • Exogenous administration of 1-deamino-8- d -AVP produced an antidiuresis and expressed AQP-2 mRNA and AQP-2 protein in the renal medulla of the homozygous Brattleboro rats. (physiology.org)
  • Increases in AQP-2 mRNA expression and AQP-2 protein were evident in Long-Evans rats after 64 h of water deprivation, with a severity of dehydration almost equal to the 12-h dehydrated, homozygous Brattleboro rats. (physiology.org)
  • There are a few reports in homozygous Brattleboro rats showing that there is no change in AQP-2 protein in response to water deprivation and that 1-deamino-8- d -arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) treatment increased its expression ( 4 , 20 , 26 ). (physiology.org)
  • Aquaporin-1 is an integral membrane protein that is considered to have an "open" structure. (proteopedia.org)
  • Protein Kinase C (PKC) has been documented as a common signal transducer among the aquaporins. (proteopedia.org)
  • Benga G. The first discovered water channel protein, later called aquaporin 1: molecular characteristics, functions and medical implications. (proteopedia.org)
  • Combined immunological and proteomic approaches revealed that phosphorylation at two C-terminal sites (Ser280, Ser283) of PLASMA MEMBRANE INTRINSIC PROTEIN 2;1 ( At PIP2;1), a major plasma membrane aquaporin in rosettes, shows circadian oscillations and is correlated with K ros . (plantcell.org)
Translocation3
  • Ser-261 phospho-regulation is involved in pS256 and pS269-mediated aquaporin-2 apical translocation. (phosphosolutions.com)
  • In response to AVP there is an increased expression of AQP-2, its phosphorylation, and consequent translocation from intracellular vesicles to the apical membrane of the collecting duct epithelial cells ( 4 ). (pnas.org)
  • These studies demonstrated that vasopressin regulates phosphorylation of a cluster of four serines in the carboxy-terminal tail of aquaporin-2 as a critical step in its translocation to the cell membrane. (nih.gov)
Antibody10
  • The following antibody was used in this experiment: Aquaporin 2 Polyclonal Antibody from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # PA5-78808, RRID AB_2745924. (thermofisher.com)
  • Amino acids EPDTDWEEREVRRRQSVELHSPQSLPRGTKA of human Aquaporin 2 were used as the immunogen for the Aquaporin 2 antibody. (biomol.com)
  • Primary antibody: Anti-Aquaporin 2 (254-271) Rabbit pAb (Cat. (merckmillipore.com)
  • The antibody is a phosphopeptide corresponding to amino acid residues surrounding the phospho-Ser 269 of rat aquaporin 2. (phosphosolutions.com)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase 2, Mitochondrial (PCK2) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (aquaporins.org)
  • There are currently no images for Aquaporin-7 Antibody (NBP1-30862). (novusbio.com)
  • Immunofluorescence analysis of HeLa cells, using Aquaporin 2 (GTX87696) Antibody. (genetex.com)
  • Western Blot: Asialoglycoprotein Receptor 2 Antibody [NBP1-52958] - Fetal Lung tissue at a concentration of 0.5ug/ml. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Asialoglycoprotein Receptor 2 Antibody [NBP1-52958] - Human Intestine Tissue, antibody concentration 4-8ug/ml. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry: Asialoglycoprotein Receptor 2 Antibody [NBP1-52958] - Human cilia Cellular data: Epithelial cells of renal tubule Antibody Concentration: 4.0-8.0 ug/ml Magnification: 400X. (novusbio.com)
Mutations6
  • In the present study, missense mutations and a single nucleotide deletion in the aquaporin 2 gene of three NDI patients from consanguineous matings are described. (nih.gov)
  • A few mutations result in the production of functional aquaporin 2 water channels, but these channels are misrouted within the cell and do not reach the cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Loonen AJ, Knoers NV, van Os CH, Deen PM. Aquaporin 2 mutations in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in aquaporin-2 cause diabitis insipidus. (proteopedia.org)
  • Mutations in aquaporin-0 in mice cause congenital cataracts. (proteopedia.org)
  • Activating mutations on codon 12 and 13 of the k- ras gene [ 14 , 15 ], upregulation of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as alterations in transforming growth factor β signaling, are also common features to both human and AOM-induced colon cancers [ 24 - 29 ]. (hindawi.com)
Membrane23
  • When it is needed, vasopressin binds to the cell surface vasopressin receptor thereby activating a signaling pathway that causes the aquaporin 2 containing vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane, so the aquaporin 2 can be used by the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Much faster diffusion was found for a lipid probe (diOC(4)(3), 2.7 x 10(-)8 cm(2)/s) in the ER membrane and for unconjugated GFP in the aqueous ER lumen (6 x 10(-)8 cm(2)/s). (nih.gov)
  • Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins , which function as specialized water channels to facilitate the passage of water through the cell membrane . (ndif.org)
  • Anti-Aquaporin 2 (254-271), rabbit polyclonal, recognizes the ~40 and ~29 kDa forms of aquaporin-2 in rat kidney membrane. (merckmillipore.com)
  • Vasopressin-stimulated increase in phosphorylation at serine 269 potentiates plasma membrane retention of aquaporin 2. (phosphosolutions.com)
  • This hormone triggers chemical reactions that ultimately insert aquaporin 2 water channels into the membrane of collecting duct cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Without signals from ADH, aquaporin 2 water channels are removed from the membrane of collecting duct cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If aquaporin 2 water channels are not inserted into the membrane of collecting duct cells, the kidneys are unable to respond to signals from ADH. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of integral membrane proteins composed of two subfamilies: the orthodox aquaporins, which transport only water, and the aquaglyceroporins, which transport glycerol, urea, or other small solutes [ PMID: 16650285 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Aquaporins contain two tandem repeats, each containing three membrane-spanning domains and a pore-forming loop with the signature motif Asn-Pro-Ala (NPA). (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Aquaporins (Aqps) are a superfamily of integral membrane proteins which generally facilitate the permeation of water through plasma membranes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Secretin promotes osmotic water transport in rat cholangiocytes by incresing aquaporin-1 water channels in plasma membrane. (wiley.com)
  • Aquaporins are channel producing proteins which regulate the flow of water across the cell membrane. (proteopedia.org)
  • Aquaporin-3 function is to promote glycerol permeability across cell membrane. (proteopedia.org)
  • AQP-expressing cells generally contain several thousands, or more, AQPs per μm 2 of membrane, as compared with ten or fewer ion channels per μm 2 of membrane. (biologists.org)
  • The aquaporins (AQPs) are small integral membrane proteins that transport water and in some cases small solutes such as glycerol. (springer.com)
  • Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins that form water channels, allowing rapid movement of water across cell membranes. (biologists.org)
  • This occurs through increased transcription and insertion of water channels ( Aquaporin-2 ) into the apical membrane of collecting tubule and collecting duct epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins that form pores in the membrane of biological cells. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
  • Alport syndrome is a hereditary progressive nephropathy characterized by lamellation and splitting of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and associated with sensorineural defect leading to hearing loss and ocular defects (2). (ifcc.org)
  • Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins that specialize in the regulation of cellular water flow across the cell membrane. (proteopedia.org)
  • 1] "The Nicotiana tabacum plasma membrane aquaporin NtAQP1 is mercury-insensitive and permeable for glycerol. (tcdb.org)
  • it regulates trafficking of aquaporin-2 water channels to and from the plasma membrane, and it regulates the expression of the aquaporin-2 gene in renal collecting duct cells. (nih.gov)
Gene12
  • Transcriptional regulation of aquaporin-2 water channel gene by cAMP. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Aquaporin-2 levels in vitro and in vivo are regulated by VACM-1, a cul 5 gene. (docphin.com)
  • We characterized an aquaporin gene HvPIP2;5 from Hordeum vulgare and investigated its physiological roles in heterologous expression systems, yeast and Arabidopsis , under high salt and high osmotic stress conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Da T, Verkman AS (2004) Aquaporin-4 gene disruption in mice protects against impaired retinal function and cell death after ischemia. (springer.com)
  • The present study was undertaken to determine whether there is an AVP-independent regulation of AQP-2 gene expression in homozygous Brattleboro rats in which endogenous AVP is absent. (physiology.org)
  • Also, the 5′-flanking region of the AQP-2 gene contains cAMP-responsive element ( 27 ). (physiology.org)
  • AVP is known to be the important regulator of the transcription rates of the AQP-2 gene ( 10 , 17 ). (physiology.org)
  • However, other factors that might be involved in the regulation of AQP-2 gene expression could not be ruled out ( 5 , 16 ). (physiology.org)
  • Male homozygous Brattleboro rats, weighing 250-280 g, in which endogenous AVP was absent due to an inherited defect in the AVP gene ( 25 , 28 ) were used in the present experiments to examine the expression of AQP-2 mRNA in the kidneys in the presence or absence of exogenous dDAVP. (physiology.org)
  • Vasopressin, acting through cAMP, also increases transcription of the aquaporin-2 gene, thus increasing the total number of aquaporin-2 molecules in collecting duct cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The disease occurs at a gene frequency of 1/5000 and is transmitted in most families as X-linked dominant trait (2). (ifcc.org)
  • We recently characterized an intracellular isoform of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) induced by oxidative stress-mediated activation of an alternate promoter in the first intron of the MMP-2 gene. (medworm.com)
Phosphorylation5
  • Phosphorylation of serine 256 is required for cAMP-dependent regulatory exocytosis of the aquaporin-2 water channel. (semanticscholar.org)
  • It has been the general consensus that cAMP-mediated PKA-dependent phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 is the primary mechanism of vasopressin to regulate osmotic water permeability in kidney collecting duct. (elsevier.com)
  • Aquaporin-2 Ser-261 phosphorylation is regulated in combination with Ser-256 and Ser-269 phosphorylation. (phosphosolutions.com)
  • The role of putative phosphorylation sites in the targeting and shuttling of the aquaporin-2 water channel. (physiomics.eu)
  • Transgenic expression of phosphodeficient and phosphomimetic forms of this aquaporin indicated that At PIP2;1 phosphorylation is necessary but not sufficient for K ros regulation. (plantcell.org)
AQPs1
  • Aquaporins 11 and 12 are classified as members of a new AQP subfamily: the subcellular AQPs [ PMID: 17178102 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
Nephrogenic5
  • Cell biological aspects of the vasopressin type-2 receptor and aquaporin 2 water channel in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • We have recently reported a large cluster of patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) due to an autosomal recessive aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) early-stop codon. (nih.gov)
  • Diffusion in the endoplasmic reticulum of an aquaporin-2 mutant causing human nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. (nih.gov)
  • Shalev H, Romanovsky I, Knoers NV, Lupa S, Landau D (2004) Bladder function impairment in aquaporin-2 defective nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. (springer.com)
  • Lithium (Li)-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) has been attributed to the increased production of renal prostaglandin (PG)E(2). (tripdatabase.com)
Regulation7
  • Numerous studies have described the light regulation of aquaporin genes, but none have identified the regulatory mechanisms behind this regulation via specific photoreceptor signaling. (mdpi.com)
  • All of them have been implicated in the regulation of aquaporin-2 trafficking and/or water permeability. (elsevier.com)
  • Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is implicated in a number of physiopathological processes, particularly in the development of brain edema, and other functions such as the regulation of extracellular space volume, potassium buffering, waste clearance, and calcium signaling. (bioportfolio.com)
  • An inactive PIP2;1 point mutation was identified that abrogated water and CO 2 permeability and extracellular CO 2 regulation of SLAC1 activity. (plantcell.org)
  • In the present study, we further examined whether there is an AVP-independent regulation of AQP-2 mRNA expression by using the homozygous Brattleboro rats. (physiology.org)
  • Aquaporin channels may be subject to intense short term regulation via signal transduction. (proteopedia.org)
  • Regulation of aquaporin-2gene transcription by gate-3. (nii.ac.jp)
Permeability3
  • PIP2;1 exhibited CO 2 permeability. (plantcell.org)
  • Chou CL, Ma T, Yang B, Knepper MA, Verkman AS (1998) Fourfold reduction of water permeability in inner medullary collecting duct of aquaporin-4 knockout mice. (springer.com)
  • Chou CL, Knepper MA, Hoek AN, Brown D, Yang B, Ma T, Verkman AS (1999) Reduced water permeability and altered ultrastructure in thin descending limb of Henle in aquaporin-1 null mice. (springer.com)
AQP13
  • OBJECTIVE To evaluate trends in urine aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and perilipin 2 (PLIN2) concentrations in sufferers with very clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) this analysis determined the partnership between your urine concentration of the biomarkers and tumor size, stage and grade. (medicalconsultingcenter.com)
  • Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) was first discovered in human red blood cell membranes by Gheorghe Benga's research group in 1986. (proteopedia.org)
  • AQP1 is formed as a tetramer in vivo , with each AQP1 monomer unit capable of transportation at a rate of ~2 trillion water molecules per second. (proteopedia.org)
Arginine4
  • Aquaporin-2, a member of the aquaporin family, is an arginine vasopressin-regulated water channel expressed in the renal collecting duct, and a promising marker of the concentrating and diluting ability of the kidney. (mdpi.com)
  • In order for the kidney to be able to reabsorb body water flowing through its collecting ducts (CDs), the following molecular sequence must take place: The antidiuretic hormone , arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) must bind with the vasopressin-2 receptor ( V2R ) located in the basolateral membranes of the principal cells of the kidney CDs. (ndif.org)
  • We describe two new families with normal hypotensive and coagulation responses following the administration of desamino-8-D-arginine AVP, a clinical suggestion of normal vasopressin-2 receptors. (elsevier.com)
  • Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays an important role in the expression of aquaporin (AQP-2) in the collecting duct. (physiology.org)
Pathophysiology1
  • Ménière's Disease Pathophysiology: Endolymphatic Sac Immunohistochemical Study of Aquaporin-2, V2R Vasopressin Receptor, NKCC2, and TRPV4. (iric.ca)
Targeting of aquaporin-2 water1
  • Congestive heart failure in rats is associated with increased expression and targeting of aquaporin-2 water channel in collecting duct. (semanticscholar.org)
Urine8
  • The basic job of aquaporin 2 is to reabsorb water from the urine while its being removed from the blood by the kidney. (wikipedia.org)
  • Urine aquaporin-2 has recently been demonstrated as a promising predictor of response to tolvaptan. (mdpi.com)
  • Requirement of human renal water channel aquaporin-2 for vasopressin-dependent concentration of urine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The persistent high urine volume after AVP administration was traced to a reduction in aquaporin-1 expression in the kidney of LXRβ −/− mice. (pnas.org)
  • Keywords: Kidney Tumor, Urine Biomarkers, Aquaporin-1, Perilipin 2 Launch Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may be the most lethal urologic malignancy1 and buy SB-742457 there's been a reliable rise in its occurrence1C5. (medicalconsultingcenter.com)
  • Aquaporin-2 function is to reabsorb water from urine in the kidney. (proteopedia.org)
  • metabolism was detected in blood, urine, bile and hepatocytes by means of the detection of [ 35 S]-SO 4 2- ions. (tripdatabase.com)
  • [12] Aquaporins allow water to move down their osmotic gradient and out of the nephron, increasing the amount of water re-absorbed from the filtrate (forming urine) back into the bloodstream. (wikipedia.org)
Mutation2
  • Nine patients with an AQP-2 mutation were studied. (nih.gov)
  • Mutation of PIP2;1 in planta alone was insufficient to impair CO 2 - and abscisic acid-induced stomatal closing, likely due to redundancy. (plantcell.org)
AQP32
  • Aquaporin 7 has greater sequence similarity with AQP3 and AQP9 and they may be a subfamily. (novusbio.com)
  • Aquaporin 7 and AQP3 are at the same chromosomal location suggesting that 9p13 may be a site of an aquaporin cluster. (novusbio.com)
Collecting duct cells2
  • Aquaporin-2 expression in primary cultured rat inner medullary collecting duct cells. (semanticscholar.org)
  • These results indicate the lack of an AVP-independent mechanism for upregulating AQP-2 mRNA expression in renal collecting duct cells. (physiology.org)
Receptor3
  • Previously we reported that extracellular nucleotides (ATP/UTP), acting through P(2y2) receptor in rat medullary collecting duct (mCD), produce and release PGE(2). (tripdatabase.com)
  • Similar to other tetraspanins, CD9 generally does not function as a cell-surface receptor, but rather as an organizer of multimolecular complexes, including integrins, immunoglobulin superfamily members such as EWI-F and EWI-2, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, claudin-1, and other tetraspanins [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
  • Synthetic peptides corresponding to ASGR2 (asialoglycoprotein receptor 2) The peptide sequence was selected from the N terminal of ASGR2. (novusbio.com)
Genes2
  • In addition, the proline biosynthesis genes, Δ 1 -Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Synthase 1 and 2 ( P5CS1 and P5CS2 ) were up-regulated in HvPIP2;5 overexpressing plants under salt and osmotic stresses, which coincided with increased levels of the osmoprotectant proline. (frontiersin.org)
  • 5] "Identification of 33 rice aquaporin genes and analysis of their expression and function. (tcdb.org)
Cell membranes1
  • Extensive research on the function of aquaporins have been implemented into many separate types of cell membranes. (proteopedia.org)
Expression of aquaporin1
  • Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) (a HDAC inhibitor) increases expression of aquaporin-3 in normal skin cells (keratinocytes). (wikipedia.org)
Function of aquaporin1
  • Body water homeostasis is tightly regulated through the coordinated function of aquaporin (Aqp) that is expressed in the renal tubular cells. (asm.org)
Proteins4
  • After 1 or 2 weeks of lithium treatment, we identified 6 and 74 proteins with altered abundance compared with controls, respectively. (jhu.edu)
  • AQP11 is functionally distinct from other proteins of the aquaporin superfamily and could represent a new aquaporin subfamily [ PMID: 16650285 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Aquaporins belong to major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) that are present from prokaryotes to plants and animals. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the 1990s, he carried out seminal studies on aquaporins, a family of water channel proteins. (nih.gov)
Molecular2
  • Molecular evolution of mammalian aquaporin-2. (uva.nl)
  • Agre P, Kozono D. Aquaporin water channels: molecular mechanisms for human diseases. (proteopedia.org)
Urea transporter1
  • Vasopressin regulates apical targeting of aquaporin-2 but not of UT1 urea transporter in renal collecting duct. (semanticscholar.org)
Antibodies3
  • Are aquaporin 4 antibodies appear in any other context than Devic's syndrom? (msworld.org)
  • Maintain the lyophilised/reconstituted antibodies frozen at -20°C for long term storage and refrigerated at 2-8°C for a shorter term. (osenses.com)
  • Polysomnography is useful in patients with antibodies that are associated with sleep disorders, including those with the following antibodies CASPR2, DPPX, IgLON5, anti-Ma2, AQP4, and ANNA-2 antibodies. (medscape.com)
Glycerol2
  • Aquaporin 7 facilitates water, glycerol and urea transport. (novusbio.com)
  • A subgroup of aquaporins called aquaglycerporins allow the passage of small solutes such as glycerol, urea, and ammonia. (proteopedia.org)
Membranes2
  • Aquaporin 2 is in kidney epithelial cells and usually lies dormant in intracellular vesicle membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Samples: Rat kidney membranes (lane 1) and preincubated with a control peptide antigen (lane 2). (merckmillipore.com)
Intracellular3
  • By using laser scanning confocal microscopy to monitor [Ca 2+ ] i and apical exocytosis in individual cells of inner medullary collecting duct, we have demonstrated that vasopressin also triggers intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization, which is coupled to apical exocytotic insertion of aquaporin-2. (elsevier.com)
  • An Intracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Isoform Induces Tubular Regulated Necrosis: Implications for Acute Kidney Injury. (medworm.com)
  • This generates an N-terminal truncated MMP-2 isoform (NTT-MMP-2) that is intracellular and associated with mitochondria. (medworm.com)
Vasopressin-induced1
  • Role of renal aquaporins in escape from vasopressin-induced antidiuresis in rat. (semanticscholar.org)
Epithelial1
  • Cultured renal epithelial cells rapidly downregulate expression of the vasopressin-regulated water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP-2). (semanticscholar.org)
Mammalian1
  • AQP 11 and 12 appear to be more distantly related to the other mammalian aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins. (ebi.ac.uk)
Regulated by vasopressin1
  • It is the only aquaporin regulated by vasopressin. (wikipedia.org)
Regulates the expression1
  • Light regulates the expression and function of aquaporins, which are involved in water and solute transport. (mdpi.com)
Abundance1
  • The circadian fluctuations in aquaporin transcript abundance suggest that aquaporin water channels play a role in these processes. (plantcell.org)
Human3
  • A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the C-terminus of human Aquaporin 2. (thermofisher.com)
  • The antiserum was produced against synthesized peptide derived from human Aquaporin 2. (genetex.com)
  • We recently cloned cDNA of the apical collecting duct water channel, aquaporin-2 (AQP-2), from rat and human kidney cDNA libraries ( 8 , 24 ). (physiology.org)
MRNA expression1
  • Twelve hours of water deprivation produced severe dehydration in the homozygous Brattleboro rats, such that urinary osmolality increased from 200 to 649 mosmol/kgH 2 O. However, no increase in AQP-2 mRNA expression was observed after this dehydration, and the medullary tissue content and urinary excretion of AQP-2 also remained unchanged. (physiology.org)
Peptide2
  • a peptide corresponding to the alpha subunits of Gi1/2 was much less potent . (ndif.org)
  • Examples are provided by the synthesis of a medicinal peptide from ginseng as potential drug against diabetes [ 1 ] or production of plant lectins [ 2 ] in both cases in yeast. (hindawi.com)
AQP2 ELISA Kits from Reddot Biotech | Biocompare.com
AQP2 ELISA Kits from Reddot Biotech | Biocompare.com (biocompare.com)
AQP2 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
AQP2 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics (medlineplus.gov)
Alphabetical Browse | Britannica
Alphabetical Browse | Britannica (britannica.com)
Quantitative phosphoproteomics of vasopressin-sensitive renal cells: Regulation of aquaporin-2 phosphorylation at two sites |...
Quantitative phosphoproteomics of vasopressin-sensitive renal cells: Regulation of aquaporin-2 phosphorylation at two sites |... (pnas.org)
Plants | Free Full-Text | Accumulation of TIP2;2 Aquaporin during Dark Adaptation Is Partially PhyA Dependent in Roots of...
Plants | Free Full-Text | Accumulation of TIP2;2 Aquaporin during Dark Adaptation Is Partially PhyA Dependent in Roots of... (mdpi.com)
Biased Agonist Pharmacochaperones: Small Molecules in the Toolbox for Selectively Modulating GPCR Activity | SpringerLink
Biased Agonist Pharmacochaperones: Small Molecules in the Toolbox for Selectively Modulating GPCR Activity | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: the current state of affairs | SpringerLink
Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: the current state of affairs | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Product - GeneTex
Product - GeneTex (genetex.com)
Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine | PNAS
Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine | PNAS (pnas.org)
PLOS Genetics: Publishing science, accelerating research
PLOS Genetics: Publishing science, accelerating research (journals.plos.org)
A - Genes - Genetics Home Reference - NIH
A - Genes - Genetics Home Reference - NIH (ghr.nlm.nih.gov)
Phenotype heterogeneity of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to genetic mosaicism and concomitant nephrogenic diabetes...
Phenotype heterogeneity of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to genetic mosaicism and concomitant nephrogenic diabetes... (link.springer.com)
Reconstitution of CO2 Regulation of SLAC1 Anion Channel and Function of CO2-Permeable PIP2;1 Aquaporin as CARBONIC ANHYDRASE4...
Reconstitution of CO2 Regulation of SLAC1 Anion Channel and Function of CO2-Permeable PIP2;1 Aquaporin as CARBONIC ANHYDRASE4... (plantcell.org)
CD9 induces cellular senescence and aggravates atherosclerotic plaque formation | Cell Death & Differentiation
CD9 induces cellular senescence and aggravates atherosclerotic plaque formation | Cell Death & Differentiation (nature.com)
Frontiers | Characterization and Regulation of Aquaporin Genes of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in Response to...
Frontiers | Characterization and Regulation of Aquaporin Genes of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in Response to... (frontiersin.org)
Search of: Recruiting, Not yet recruiting, Available Studies | 'Diabetes Insipidus' - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
Search of: Recruiting, Not yet recruiting, Available Studies | 'Diabetes Insipidus' - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov (clinicaltrials.gov)
Hereditary kidney disorders - IFCC
Hereditary kidney disorders - IFCC (ifcc.org)
Epithelial Sodium Channel gamma Antibody (11-35-1) - BSA Free (NBP2-41374): Novus Biologicals
Epithelial Sodium Channel gamma Antibody (11-35-1) - BSA Free (NBP2-41374): Novus Biologicals (novusbio.com)
Bile Acid G Protein-Coupled Membrane Receptor TGR5 Modulates Aquaporin 2-Mediated Water Homeostasis | American Society of...
Bile Acid G Protein-Coupled Membrane Receptor TGR5 Modulates Aquaporin 2-Mediated Water Homeostasis | American Society of... (jasn.asnjournals.org)
Microarray Analyses of Genes Differentially Expressed by Diet (Black Beans and Soy Flour) during Azoxymethane-Induced Colon...
Microarray Analyses of Genes Differentially Expressed by Diet (Black Beans and Soy Flour) during Azoxymethane-Induced Colon... (hindawi.com)
JCI - Volume 99, Issue 7
JCI - Volume 99, Issue 7 (jci.org)
Renal Collecting Duct NOS1 Maintains Fluid-Electrolyte Homeostasis and Blood PressureNovelty and Significance | Hypertension
Renal Collecting Duct NOS1 Maintains Fluid-Electrolyte Homeostasis and Blood PressureNovelty and Significance | Hypertension (hyper.ahajournals.org)
Vivek Bhalla, MD, FASN, FAHA | Stanford Medicine Profiles
Vivek Bhalla, MD, FASN, FAHA | Stanford Medicine Profiles (med.stanford.edu)
ALZFORUM | NETWORKING FOR A CURE
ALZFORUM | NETWORKING FOR A CURE (alzforum.org)
Hormones Flashcards by James Adams | Brainscape
Hormones Flashcards by James Adams | Brainscape (brainscape.com)
Inner Ear Arginine Vasopressin-Vasopressin Receptor 2-Aquaporin 2 Signaling Pathway Is Involved in the Induction of Motion...
Inner Ear Arginine Vasopressin-Vasopressin Receptor 2-Aquaporin 2 Signaling Pathway Is Involved in the Induction of Motion... (jpet.aspetjournals.org)