Aquaporin 2. Medical search

Aquaporin 1 forms a water-specific channel that is constitutively expressed at the PLASMA MEMBRANE of ERYTHROCYTES and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL. It provides these cells with a high permeability to WATER. In humans polymorphisms of this protein result in the Colton blood group antigen.

Aquaporin 5 is a water-specific channel protein that is expressed primarily in alveolar, tracheal, and upper bronchial EPITHELIUM. It plays an important role in maintaining water HOMEOSTASIS in the LUNGS and may also regulate release of SALIVA and TEARS in the SALIVARY GLANDS and the LACRIMAL GLAND.

Aquaporin 3 is an aquaglyceroporin that is expressed in the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS and is constitutively localized at the basolateral MEMBRANE.

Aquaporin 4 is the major water-selective channel in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM of mammals.

A class of porins that allow the passage of WATER and other small molecules across CELL MEMBRANES.

Aquaporin 2 is a water-specific channel protein that is expressed in KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS. The translocation of aquaporin 2 to the apical PLASMA MEMBRANE is regulated by VASOPRESSIN, and MUTATIONS in AQP2 have been implicated in a variety of kidney disorders including DIABETES INSIPIDUS.

Aquaporin 6 is an aquaglyceroporin that is found primarily in KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS. AQP6 protein functions as an anion-selective channel.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.

Tendency of fluids (e.g., water) to move from the less concentrated to the more concentrated side of a semipermeable membrane.

A subgroup of aquaporins that transport WATER; GLYCEROL; and other small solutes across CELL MEMBRANES.

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.

A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.

Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.

A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.

The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Straight tubes commencing in the radiate part of the kidney cortex where they receive the curved ends of the distal convoluted tubules. In the medulla the collecting tubules of each pyramid converge to join a central tube (duct of Bellini) which opens on the summit of the papilla.

The ability of the kidney to excrete in the urine high concentrations of solutes from the blood plasma.

A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder characterized by persistent hypotonic urine and HYPOKALEMIA. This condition is due to renal tubular insensitivity to VASOPRESSIN and failure to reduce urine volume. It may be the result of mutations of genes encoding VASOPRESSIN RECEPTORS or AQUAPORIN-2; KIDNEY DISEASES; adverse drug effects; or complications from PREGNANCY.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.

A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4.

Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.

The pressure required to prevent the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates a pure solvent from a solution of the solvent and solute or that separates different concentrations of a solution. It is proportional to the osmolality of the solution.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

Agents that reduce the excretion of URINE, most notably the octapeptide VASOPRESSINS.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE. Members contain tuliposides and tulipalins and have been associated with allergic contact dermatitis in florists.

The contribution to barometric PRESSURE of gaseous substance in equilibrium with its solid or liquid phase.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. The common name of rock rose is used with several plants of this family.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)

Inorganic compounds that contain mercury as an integral part of the molecule.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes. Adaptation by the CILIARY BODY is crucial for OCULAR ACCOMMODATION.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

Fluids composed mainly of water found within the body.

Drugs used for their effects on the kidneys' regulation of body fluid composition and volume. The most commonly used are the diuretics. Also included are drugs used for their antidiuretic and uricosuric actions, for their effects on the kidneys' clearance of other drugs, and for diagnosis of renal function.

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Antidiuretic hormones released by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS of all vertebrates (structure varies with species) to regulate water balance and OSMOLARITY. In general, vasopressin is a nonapeptide consisting of a six-amino-acid ring with a cysteine 1 to cysteine 6 disulfide bridge or an octapeptide containing a CYSTINE. All mammals have arginine vasopressin except the pig with a lysine at position 8. Vasopressin, a vasoconstrictor, acts on the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS to increase water reabsorption, increase blood volume and blood pressure.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A phylum of fungi that are mutualistic symbionts and form ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE with PLANT ROOTS.

A type of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY in which the object is examined directly by an extremely narrow electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point and using the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen to create the image. It should not be confused with SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SUBLINGUAL GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND).

The body of a fungus which is made up of HYPHAE.

A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.

A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.

Large and highly vacuolated cells possessing many chloroplasts occuring in the interior cross-section of leaves, juxtaposed between the epidermal layers.

A plant genus of the family AIZOACEAE. It is a native of Africa and widely planted for erosion control to stabilize soil along roadsides and beaches.

The internal portion of the kidney, consisting of striated conical masses, the renal pyramids, whose bases are adjacent to the cortex and whose apices form prominent papillae projecting into the lumen of the minor calyces.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

One of two salivary glands in the neck, located in the space bound by the two bellies of the digastric muscle and the angle of the mandible. It discharges through the submandibular duct. The secretory units are predominantly serous although a few mucous alveoli, some with serous demilunes, occur. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Specific molecular sites or proteins on or in cells to which VASOPRESSINS bind or interact in order to modify the function of the cells. Two types of vasopressin receptor exist, the V1 receptor in the vascular smooth muscle and the V2 receptor in the kidneys. The V1 receptor can be subdivided into V1a and V1b (formerly V3) receptors.

Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.

A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A widely cultivated plant, native to Asia, having succulent, edible leaves eaten as a vegetable. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glycerol 3-phosphate from ATP and glycerol. Dihydroxyacetone and L-glyceraldehyde can also act as acceptors; UTP and, in the case of the yeast enzyme, ITP and GTP can act as donors. It provides a way for glycerol derived from fats or glycerides to enter the glycolytic pathway. EC 2.7.1.30.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Yeast-like ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES isolated from exuded tree sap.

A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE known for the edible fruit.

A mutant strain of Rattus norvegicus used in research on renal function and hypertension and as a disease model for diabetes insipidus.

Closable openings in the epidermis of plants on the underside of leaves. They allow the exchange of gases between the internal tissues of the plant and the outside atmosphere.

Protein-lipid combinations abundant in brain tissue, but also present in a wide variety of animal and plant tissues. In contrast to lipoproteins, they are insoluble in water, but soluble in a chloroform-methanol mixture. The protein moiety has a high content of hydrophobic amino acids. The associated lipids consist of a mixture of GLYCEROPHOSPHATES; CEREBROSIDES; and SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; while lipoproteins contain PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and TRIGLYCERIDES.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution. A solution having an osmotic pressure greater than that of physiologic salt solution (0.9 g NaCl in 100 ml purified water).

A schistosomicide possibly useful against other parasites. It has irritant emetic properties and may cause lethal cardiac toxicity among other adverse effects.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Slender tubular or hairlike excretory structures found in insects. They emerge from the alimentary canal between the mesenteron (midgut) and the proctodeum (hindgut).

An intermediate filament protein found only in glial cells or cells of glial origin. MW 51,000.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Synthetic transcripts of a specific DNA molecule or fragment, made by an in vitro transcription system. This cRNA can be labeled with radioactive uracil and then used as a probe. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.

Na-K-Cl transporter in the ASCENDING LIMB OF LOOP OF HENLE. It mediates active reabsorption of sodium chloride and is inhibited by LOOP DIURETICS such as FUROSEMIDE; and BUMETANIDE. Mutations in the gene encoding SLC12A1 are associated with a BARTTER SYNDROME.

A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

Solutions that have a greater osmotic pressure than a reference solution such as blood, plasma, or interstitial fluid.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The quantity of volume or surface area of CELLS.

An early embryo that is a compact mass of about 16 BLASTOMERES. It resembles a cluster of mulberries with two types of cells, outer cells and inner cells. Morula is the stage before BLASTULA in non-mammalian animals or a BLASTOCYST in mammals.

A subclass of symporters that specifically transport SODIUM CHLORIDE and/or POTASSIUM CHLORIDE across cellular membranes in a tightly coupled process.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

A plant genus of the family FAGACEAE that is a source of TANNINS. Do not confuse with Holly (ILEX).

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.

A computer simulation developed to study the motion of molecules over a period of time.

Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Starches that have been chemically modified so that a percentage of OH groups are substituted with 2-hydroxyethyl ether groups.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

Long-term regulation of aquaporins in the kidney. (1/515)

The discovery of the aquaporin family of water channels has greatly improved our understanding of how water crosses epithelial cells, particularly in the kidney. The study of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of collecting duct water permeability, in particular, has advanced very rapidly since the identification and characterization of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in 1993. One of the more surprising findings has been the dramatic long-term changes that are seen in the abundance of this protein, as well as the recognition that these changes represent a way of modulating the acute antidiuretic effects of vasopressin. Furthermore, such changes seem to be of etiological and pathological significance in a number of clinical disorders of water balance. This review focuses on the various conditions in which AQP2 expression is altered (either increased or decreased) and on what this can tell us about the signals and mechanisms controlling these changes. Ultimately, this may be of great value in the clinical management of water balance disorders. Evidence is also now beginning to emerge that there are similar changes in the expression of other renal aquaporins, which had previously been thought to provide an essentially constitutive water permeability pathway, suggesting that they too should be considered as regulatory factors in the control of body water balance. (+info)

Vasopressin regulates apical targeting of aquaporin-2 but not of UT1 urea transporter in renal collecting duct. (2/515)

In the renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD), vasopressin regulates two key transporters, namely aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and the vasopressin-regulated urea transporter (VRUT). Both are present in intracellular vesicles as well as the apical plasma membrane. Short-term regulation of AQP2 has been demonstrated to occur by vasopressin-induced trafficking of AQP2-containing vesicles to the apical plasma membrane. Here, we have carried out studies to determine whether short-term regulation of VRUT occurs by a similar process. Cell surface labeling with NHS-LC-biotin in rat IMCD suspensions revealed that vasopressin causes a dose-dependent increase in the amount of AQP2 labeled at the cell surface, whereas VRUT labeled at the cell surface did not increase in response to vasopressin. Immunoperoxidase labeling of inner medullary thin sections from Brattleboro rats treated with 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) for 20 min revealed dramatic translocation of AQP2 to the apical region of the cell, with no change in the cellular distribution of VRUT. In addition, differential centrifugation of inner medullary homogenates from Brattleboro rats treated with DDAVP for 60 min revealed a marked depletion of AQP2 from the low-density membrane fraction (enriched in intracellular vesicles) but did not alter the quantity of VRUT in this fraction. Finally, AQP2-containing vesicles immunoisolated from a low-density membrane fraction from renal inner medulla did not contain immunoreactive VRUT. Thus vasopressin-mediated regulation of AQP2, but not of VRUT, depends on regulated vesicular trafficking to the plasma membrane. (+info)

An impaired routing of wild-type aquaporin-2 after tetramerization with an aquaporin-2 mutant explains dominant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. (3/515)

Autosomal recessive and dominant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), a disease in which the kidney is unable to concentrate urine in response to vasopressin, are caused by mutations in the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) gene. Missense AQP2 proteins in recessive NDI have been shown to be retarded in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas AQP2-E258K, an AQP2 mutant in dominant NDI, was retained in the Golgi complex. In this study, we identified the molecular mechanisms underlying recessive and dominant NDI. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of rat and human kidney proteins and subsequent immunoblotting revealed that AQP2 forms homotetramers. When expressed in oocytes, wild-type AQP2 and AQP2-E258K also formed homotetramers, whereas AQP2-R187C, a mutant in recessive NDI, was expressed as a monomer. Upon co-injection, AQP2-E258K, but not AQP2-R187C, was able to heterotetramerize with wild-type AQP2. Since an AQP monomer is the functional unit and AQP2-E258K is a functional but misrouted water channel, heterotetramerization of AQP2-E258K with wild-type AQP2 and inhibition of further routing of this complex to the plasma membrane is the cause of dominant NDI. This case of NDI is the first example of a dominant disease in which the 'loss-of-function' phenotype is caused by an impaired routing rather than impaired function of the wild-type protein. (+info)

Aquaporin-6: An intracellular vesicle water channel protein in renal epithelia. (4/515)

All characterized mammalian aquaporins (AQPs) are localized to plasma membranes where they function chiefly to mediate water transport across cells. Here we show that AQP6 is localized exclusively in intracellular membranes in renal epithelia. By using a polyclonal antibody to the C terminus of AQP6, immunoblots revealed a major 30-kDa band in membranes from rat renal cortex and medulla. Endoglycosidase treatment demonstrated presence of an intracellular high mannose glycan on each subunit. Sequential ultracentrifugation of rat kidney homogenates confirmed that AQP6 resides predominantly in vesicular fractions, and immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic studies confirmed that >98% of AQP6 is located in intracellular membrane vesicles. In glomeruli, AQP6 is present in membrane vesicles within podocyte cell bodies and foot processes. In proximal tubules, AQP6 is also abundant in membrane vesicles within the subapical compartment of segment 2 and segment 3 cells, but was not detected in the brush border or basolateral membranes. In collecting duct, AQP6 resides in intracellular membrane vesicles in apical, mid, and basolateral cytoplasm of type A intercalated cells, but was not observed in the plasma membrane. Unlike other members of the AQP family, the unique distribution in intracellular membrane vesicles in multiple types of renal epithelia indicates that AQP6 is not simply involved in transcellular fluid absorption. Moreover, our studies predict that AQP6 participates in distinct physiological functions such as glomerular filtration, tubular endocytosis, and acid-base metabolism. (+info)

The Cre/loxP system and gene targeting in the kidney. (5/515)

The Cre/loxP and Flp/FRT systems mediate site-specific DNA recombination and are being increasingly utilized to study gene function in vivo. These systems allow targeted gene disruption in a single cell type in vivo, thereby permitting study of the physiological and pathophysiological impact of a given gene product derived from a particular cell type. In the kidney, the Cre/loxP system has been employed to achieve gene deletion selectively within principal cells of the collecting duct. Disruption of target genes in the collecting duct, such as endothelin-1 or polycystic kidney disease-1 (PKD1), could lead to important insights into the biological roles of these gene products. With selection of the appropriate renal cell-specific promoters, these recombination systems could be used to target gene disruption to virtually any renal cell type. Although transgenic studies utilizing these recombination systems are promising, they are in their relative infancy and can be time consuming and expensive and yield unanticipated results. It is anticipated that continued experience with these systems will produce an important tool for analyzing gene function in renal health and disease. (+info)

Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in rat is mediated by a vasopressin-dependent apical pathway. (6/515)

Clinical studies have shown that aquaporin-2 (AQP2), the vasopressin-regulated water channel, is excreted in the urine, and that the excretion increases in response to vasopressin. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in AQP2 excretion are unknown, and it is unknown whether the excretion correlates with AQP2 levels in kidney or levels in the apical plasma membrane. The present study was undertaken to clarify these issues. Immunoblotting of rat urine samples revealed significant excretion of AQP2, whereas AQP3, being a basolateral aquaporin in the same cells, was undetectable. Thus, there was a nonproportional excretion of AQP2 and AQP3 (compared with kidney levels), indicating that AQP2 is excreted predominantly via a selective apical pathway and not by whole cell shedding. Urinary AQP2 was associated with small vesicles, membrane fragments, and multivesicular bodies as determined by immunoelectron microscopy and negative staining techniques. In rats with normal water supply, daily urinary excretion of AQP2 was 3.9+/-0.9% (n = 6) of total kidney expression. Treatment with desmopressin acetate subcutaneously caused a fourfold increase in urinary excretion of AQP2 during 8 h. Forty-eight hours of thirsting, known to increase endogenous vasopressin secretion, resulted in a three-fold increase in kidney AQP2 levels but urinary excretion increased ninefold to 15+/-3% (n = 6) of AQP2 in kidney of thirsted rats. Moreover, rats that were thirsted for 48 h and subsequently allowed free access to water for 24 h produced a decrease in urinary AQP2 excretion to 38+/-15% (n = 6) of that during thirsting. In Brattleboro rats or lithium-treated normal rats completely lacking vasopressin action, and hence having extremely low levels of AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane, AQP2 was undetectable in urine. Thus, conditions with known altered vasopressin levels and altered levels of AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane were associated with corresponding major changes in AQP2 urine excretion. In contrast, in such conditions, kidney AQP2 levels and urinary AQP2 excretion did not show a proportional relationship. (+info)

Effects of missense mutations on rat aquaporin-2 in LLC-PK1 porcine kidney cells. (7/515)

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) gene have been found in families with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), but the pathophysiological mechanisms of how mutant AQP2 causes the disease are still not clear. METHODS: Wild-type (WT) AQP2 and four mutants-T126M, A147T, R187C, and S216P-were transiently expressed in LLC-PK1 cells. The osmotic water permeability of LLC-PK1 cells expressing AQP2 mutants was determined by stopped-flow light-scattering microphotometry. Cell surface expression, subcellular localization, and effects of vasopressin stimulation were examined by surface biotin labeling and confocal immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The osmotic water permeability (Pf) of cells expressing WT increased significantly after vasopressin treatment, whereas the Pf of cells expressing T126M A147T, R187C, and S216P was not significantly different from that of the control even after vasopressin stimulation. Confocal immunohistochemistry demonstrated distribution of WT and A147T in early/recycling endosomal compartments and vasopressin-responsive translocation and surface expression. In contrast, stainings of T126M, R187C, and S216P were similar to that of Grp78, indicating that these mutants were misassembled and retarded in the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the intracellular distribution and vasopressin-regulated trafficking of A147T is intact, in contrast to the other three mutants, of which both were impaired. Thus, it is conceivable that the disruption of the AQP2 channel function accounts for the pathogenesis of A147T NDI, whereas trafficking defects account for that of the other types, suggesting that the pathophysiology of AQP2-related NDI is heterogeneous. (+info)

Lack of vasopressin-independent upregulation of AQP-2 gene expression in homozygous Brattleboro rats. (8/515)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays an important role in the expression of aquaporin (AQP-2) in the collecting duct. The present study was undertaken to determine whether there is an AVP-independent regulation of AQP-2 gene expression in homozygous Brattleboro rats in which endogenous AVP is absent. Exogenous administration of 1-deamino-8-D-AVP produced an antidiuresis and expressed AQP-2 mRNA and AQP-2 protein in the renal medulla of the homozygous Brattleboro rats. Twelve hours of water deprivation produced severe dehydration in the homozygous Brattleboro rats, such that urinary osmolality increased from 200 to 649 mosmol/kgH(2)O. However, no increase in AQP-2 mRNA expression was observed after this dehydration, and the medullary tissue content and urinary excretion of AQP-2 also remained unchanged. Increases in AQP-2 mRNA expression and AQP-2 protein were evident in Long-Evans rats after 64 h of water deprivation, with a severity of dehydration almost equal to the 12-h dehydrated, homozygous Brattleboro rats. These results indicate the lack of an AVP-independent mechanism for upregulating AQP-2 mRNA expression in renal collecting duct cells. (+info)

It is the only aquaporin regulated by vasopressin. The basic job of aquaporin 2 is to reabsorb water from the urine while its ... This aquaporin is also regulated by food intake. Fasting reduces expression of this aquaporin independently of vasopressin. ... Aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) is found in the apical cell membranes of the kidney's collecting duct principal cells and in intracellular ... Aquaporin 2 is in kidney epithelial cells and usually lies dormant in intracellular vesicle membranes. When it is needed, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin-2

The gating of an aquaporin is carried out by an interaction between a gating mechanism and the aquaporin, which causes a 3D ... It was not until 1992 that the first aquaporin, 'aquaporin-1' (originally known as CHIP 28), was reported by Peter Agre, of ... There have been two clear examples of diseases identified as resulting from mutations in aquaporins: Mutations in the aquaporin ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aquaporins. Aquaporins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin

Aquaporin 3 is expressed more in atopic eczema. Recent studies indicate that aquaporin 3 is overexpressed in many types of ... Aquaporin 3 (AQP-3) is the protein product of the human AQP3 gene. It is found in the basolateral cell membrane of principal ... 2005). "Roles of aquaporin-3 water channels in volume-regulatory water flow in a human epithelial cell line". J. Membr. Biol. ... Aquaporin-3 is also permeable to glycerol, ammonia, urea, and hydrogen peroxide. It is expressed in various tissues including ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin-3

Aquaporins allow water to move down their osmotic gradient and out of the nephron, increasing the amount of water re-absorbed ... Vasopressin, acting through cAMP, also increases transcription of the aquaporin-2 gene, thus increasing the total number of ... This occurs through increased transcription and insertion of water channels (Aquaporin-2) into the apical membrane of ... Wilson JL, Miranda CA, Knepper MA (2013). "Vasopressin and the Regulation of Aquaporin-2". Clinical and Experimental Nephrology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin

Arginine vasopressin stimulates the process of phosphorylation of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) of renal tissue which contributes to the ... "Arginine vasopressin stimulates phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 in rat renal tissue". The American Journal of Physiology. 276 (2 ... 2 (5): 763-7. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01497.x. PMC 555182. PMID 6315416. Arima H, House SB, Gainer H, Aguilera G ( ... 50 (2): 573-601. doi:10.1021/ja01389a050. ISSN 0002-7863. Turner RA, Pierce JG, du Vigneaud V (July 1951). "The purification ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVP_gene

... and AQP3 are at the same chromosomal location suggesting that 9p13 may be a site of an aquaporin cluster. Aquaporin ... Aquaporin-7 (AQP-7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP7 gene. Aquaporins/major intrinsic proteins (MIP) are a ... "Entrez Gene: AQP7 aquaporin 7". Dibas AI, Mia AJ, Yorio T (1998). "Aquaporins (water channels): role in vasopressin-activated ... Aquaporin-7 has greater sequence similarity with AQP3 and AQP9 and they may be a subfamily. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin-7

The expression of aquaporin 4 is reliant on the disease stage of TBI. In an acute stage of TBI, the lack of aquaporin 4 causes ... Aquaporin-4, also known as AQP-4, is a water channel protein encoded by the AQP4 gene in humans. AQP-4 belongs to the aquaporin ... Aquaporin-4 is the most common aquaporin in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. It is highly expressed in the human body ... Aquaporin-4 is essential in the formation of memory as well as synaptic plasticity. Other performances that aquaporin-4 is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin-4

... (AQP-9) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP9 gene. The aquaporins/major intrinsic protein are a ... Aquaporin-9 has greater sequence similarity with AQP3 and AQP7 and they may be a subfamily. Aquaporin-9 allows passage of a ... "Entrez Gene: AQP9 aquaporin 9". Ishibashi K, Kuwahara M, Gu Y, et al. (1998). "Cloning and functional expression of a new ... 2003). "Aquaporin-9 is expressed in a mucus-secreting goblet cell subset in the small intestine". FEBS Lett. 540 (1-3): 157-62 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin-9

Aquaporin+1 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Gallery of Aquaporin Simulations Human AQP1 ... "Entrez Gene: AQP1 aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)". Knepper MA (July 1994). "The aquaporin family of molecular water channels ... The gene encoding this aquaporin is a possible candidate for disorders involving imbalance in ocular fluid movement. Aquaporin ... Aquaporin 1 (AQP-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP1 gene. AQP-1 is a widely expressed water channel, whose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin-1

... (AQP-5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP5 gene. Aquaporin-5 (AQP-5) is a water channel protein. ... Aquaporins are a family of small integral membrane proteins related to the major intrinsic protein (MIP or AQP0). Aquaporin-5 ... "Entrez Gene: AQP5 aquaporin 5". Verkman AS (2003). "Role of aquaporin water channels in eye function". Exp. Eye Res. 76 (2): ... 2003). "Distribution of aquaporin water channels AQP1 and AQP5 in the ductal system of the human pancreas". Gut. 52 (7): 1008- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin-5

"Antidiuretic action of oxytocin is associated with increased urinary excretion of aquaporin-2". Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 19 ( ... 19 (2): 225-32. doi:10.1681/ASN.2007010029. PMC 2396735. PMID 18057218. Joo KW, Jeon US, Kim GH, Park J, Oh YK, Kim YS, Ahn C, ... 227 (2): 553-64. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp010047. PMC 1331210. PMID 4678722. Hatton GI (September 1988). "Pituicytes, glia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurohypophysial_hormone

... colocalization with aquaporin-2 in collecting duct vesicles". The American Journal of Physiology. 275 (5 Pt 2): F752-60. doi: ... 26 (2): 457-64. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81177-0. PMID 10839363. Martín-Martín B, Nabokina SM, Blasi J, Lazo PA, Mollinedo F ( ... 285 (2): 320-7. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5144. PMID 11444845. Logan MR, Lacy P, Bablitz B, Moqbel R (Feb 2002). "Expression of ... 375 (Pt 2): 433-40. doi:10.1042/BJ20030427. PMC 1223698. PMID 12877659. Valdez AC, Cabaniols JP, Brown MJ, Roche PA (Mar 1999 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAP23

... colocalization with aquaporin-2 in collecting duct vesicles". The American Journal of Physiology. 275 (5 Pt 2): F752-60. doi: ... possible role in aquaporin-2 trafficking". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 98 (4): 906-13. doi:10.1172/JCI118873. PMC ... 3.0.CO;2-5. PMID 10508479. Paumet F, Le Mao J, Martin S, Galli T, David B, Blank U, Roa M (Jun 2000). "Soluble NSF attachment ... 143 (2): 303-4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90117-1. PMID 8206394. Low SH, Vasanji A, Nanduri J, He M, Sharma N, Koo M, Drazba J, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STX4

"Demeclocycline attenuates hyponatremia by reducing aquaporin-2 expression in the renal inner medulla". Am. J. Physiol. Renal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demeclocycline

Ishikawa SE (Feb 2002). "[Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with mutations of vasopressin V2 receptors and aquaporin-2 ... 55 (2): 278-86. PMC 1918376. PMID 8037205. Yuasa H, Ito M, Oiso Y, Kurokawa M, Watanabe T, Oda Y, Ishizuka T, Tani N, Ito S, ... Vasopressin receptor 2 function has been shown to be deleteriously effected by point mutations in its gene. Some of these ... 13 (2): 96-104. doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2006.01.006. PMID 16580609. Robben JH, Knoers NV, Deen PM (Aug 2006). "Cell biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin_receptor_2

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP8 gene. Aquaporin-8 (AQP-8) is a water channel protein. Aquaporins ... "Entrez Gene: AQP8 aquaporin 8". Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of ... 2007). "Aquaporin-8 expression is reduced in ileum and induced in colon of patients with ulcerative colitis". World J. ... Wang S, Chen J, Au KT, Ross MG (2003). "Expression of aquaporin 8 and its up-regulation by cyclic adenosine monophosphate in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin-8

Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) may result from V2R or aquaporin-2 (AQP2) mutations. Exogenously administered ... doi:10.1007/s00018-006-6054-2. PMID 16794787. Decaux, G; Soupart, A; Vassart, G (2008). "Non-peptide arginine-vasopressin ... V1R and/or V2R antagonists may serve as molecular chaperones to mitigate misfolding defects in selected patients with type 2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin_receptor_antagonist

June 1999). "Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 water channel differentiates psychogenic polydipsia from central diabetes ... 20 (2): 375-385. doi:10.1093/schbul/20.2.375. PMID 8085139.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ... 157 (2): 569-593. Bibcode:1969NYASA.157..569F. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb12908.x. ISSN 1749-6632. PMID 5255630. S2CID ... 66 (2): 283-286. doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000116717.42624.68. ISSN 1534-7796. PMID 15039516. S2CID 26038672.(subscription required) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_polydipsia

Horng, J.L.; Chao, P.L.; Chen, P.Y.; Shih, T.H.; Lin, L.Y. (2015). "Aquaporin 1 Is Involved in Acid Secretion by Ionocytes of ... a novel aquaporin gene from Medicago sativa, confers salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis". Environmental and Experimental ... 419 (1-2): 141-152. doi:10.1007/s11104-017-3335-5. S2CID 1202467. Ma, Y.; Dai, X.; Xu, Y.; Luo, W.; Zheng, X.; Zheng, D.; Pan, ... 53 (1-2): 59-69. doi:10.1016/0376-7388(90)80006-8. Kunkel, J.G.; Cordeiro, S.; Xu, Y.; Shipley, A.M.; Feijó, J.A. (2006). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-invasive_micro-test_technology

Marples D, Frøkiaer J, Dørup J, Knepper MA, Nielsen S (April 1996). "Hypokalemia-induced downregulation of aquaporin-2 water ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrogenic_diabetes_insipidus

... regulation of aquaporin-2 phosphorylation at two sites". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 103 (18): 7159-64. doi:10.1073/pnas. ... including three novel phosphorylation sites in the vasopressin-sensitive water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2). Since the inception ... 6 (2): 1-11. doi:10.1093/gigascience/giw015. ISSN 2047-217X. PMC 5466708. PMID 28327990. Lim, Y. (2005). "Mining the tumor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoproteomics

... it acts on proteins called aquaporins and more specifically aquaporin 2 in the following cascade. When released, ADH binds to ... Nephrogenic DI results from lack of aquaporin channels in the distal collecting duct (decreased surface expression and ... stimulating translocation of the aquaporin 2 channel stored in the cytoplasm of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ... 13 (2): 96-104. doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2006.01.006. PMID 16580609. Perkins RM, Yuan CM, Welch PG (March 2006). "Dipsogenic diabetes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_insipidus

"The inositol Inpp5k 5-phosphatase affects osmoregulation through the vasopressin-aquaporin 2 pathway in the collecting system ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SKIP

Proteins found in the tonoplast (aquaporins) control the flow of water into and out of the vacuole through active transport, ... "Acceleration of vacuolar regeneration and cell growth by overexpression of an aquaporin NtTIP1;1 in tobacco BY-2 cells". Plant ... 213 (2): 149-157. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11299.x. PMID 12167531. Alberts B, Johnson B, Lewis A, Raff J, Roberts K, ... 41 (2): 218-227. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2013.821650. ISSN 1040-841X. PMID 23919298. S2CID 11384111. Pappas, George D.; Brandt, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuole

... possible role in aquaporin-2 trafficking". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 98 (4): 906-13. doi:10.1172/JCI118873. PMC ... 14 (2): 217-23. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb06994.x. PMC 398073. PMID 7835332. Chapman ER, An S, Barton N, Jahn R (Nov 1994 ... 20 (2): 169-80. doi:10.1006/mcne.2002.1122. PMID 12093152. S2CID 23927545. Margittai M, Otto H, Jahn R (Mar 1999). "A stable ... 138 (1-2): 171-4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. Jagadish MN, Fernandez CS, Hewish DR, Macaulay SL, Gough KH, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAMP2

Evidence for a secretin-induced vesicular translocation of aquaporin-1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (20): 12984-8 ... translocation of aquaporin 2, or both are found. It has been suggested that "Secretin as a neurosecretory hormone from the ... "Secretin promotes osmotic water transport in rat cholangiocytes by increasing aquaporin-1 water channels in plasma membrane. ... 80 (2): 185-94. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6814. PMID 12160732. Lee LT, Tan-Un KC, Chow BK (2006). "Retinoic acid-induced human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretin

Increased NKCC2 activity aids in water reabsorption in the collecting duct through aquaporin 2 channels by creating a hypo- ... 13 (2): 183-8. doi:10.1038/ng0696-183. PMID 8640224. S2CID 42296304. Plata C, Meade P, Vazquez N, Hebert SC, Gamba G (Mar 2002 ... 22 (2): 192-5. doi:10.1038/9713. PMID 10369265. S2CID 23779936. Dzhala VI, Talos DM, Sdrulla DA, Brumback AC, Mathews GC, Benke ... isoform 2) exon 21 in the final gene product. NKCC1 is widely distributed throughout the human body; it has important functions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na-K-Cl_cotransporter

Aquaporin tetramer composition modifies the function of tobacco aquaporins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010. 285(41): p. ... He is known for his work on the aquaporin protein class, where he detected facilitated diffusion of CO2 in plant tissue and ... Kaldenhoff was one of the first scientists to describe plant aquaporins. He initially accomplished to analyse the function and ... For the first time, Kaldenhoff could provide evidence that an aquaporin molecule could conduct CO₂. Kaldenhoff also worked on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Kaldenhoff

... elegans by downregulating DAF-16/FOXO activity and aquaporin gene expression". Cell Metabolism. 10 (5): 379-91. doi:10.1016/j. ... The protein predicted from DAF-2's sequence is 35% identical to the human insulin receptor, which regulates metabolism; 34% ... Mutations in DAF-2 have been shown by Cynthia Kenyon to double the lifespan of the worms. In a 2007 episode of WNYC's Radiolab ... DAF-2 is the only member of the insulin receptor family in C. elegans but it corresponds, in form and function, to multiple ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daf-2

Molecular and Cellular Features of Aquaporin Expression". Plant Physiology. 139 (2): 790-805. doi:10.1104/pp.105.065029. PMC ... 6 (2): 275-286. doi:10.1093/mp/sst017. PMID 23355543. Boursiac, Y.; Chen, S.; Luu, D. T.; Sorieul, M.; Van Den Dries, N.; ... 128 (2): 379-387. doi:10.1104/pp.010524. PMC 148901. PMID 11842142. Babourina, O. (2000). "Effect of Sudden Salt Stress on Ion ... doi:10.1007/s00425-005-0074-2. PMID 16079998. S2CID 337766. Demidchik, V.; Tester, M. (2002). "Sodium Fluxes through ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabidopsis_thaliana_responses_to_salinity

Aquaporins are membrane proteins that selectively conduct water molecules while preventing the passage of ions and other ... ADH affects the function of aquaporins, resulting in the reabsorption of water molecules as it passes through the collecting ... Archived from the original on October 2, 2007. Retrieved March 6, 2007. Hook JB, Goldstein RS (1993). Toxicology of the Kidney ... Descending limb of loop of Henle Ascending limb of loop of Henle The ascending limb of loop of Henle is divided into 2 segments ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephron

Potassium absorption has a positive correlation with aquaporins and the uptake of water in plant cells via cell membrane ... 7 (2): 177-181. doi:10.1089/thy.1997.7.177. PMID 9133680. Foulquier F, Legrand D (October 2020). "Biometals and glycosylation ... 9 (2): 208. doi:10.3390/biomedicines9020208. PMC 7926802. PMID 33671781. Tortora GJ, Derrickson B (2009). Principles of anatomy ... 18 (2): 87-93. doi:10.4103/0971-6580.84258. PMC 3183630. PMID 21976811. (Articles with short description, Short description ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometal_(biology)

... has been shown to interact with Dystrophin, Nav1.1 and Nav1.5, and Aquaporin 4. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89 ... "In vivo requirement of the alpha-syntrophin PDZ domain for the sarcolemmal localization of nNOS and aquaporin-4". J. Cell Biol ... "Syntrophin-dependent expression and localization of Aquaporin-4 water channel protein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (24): ... "Syntrophin-dependent expression and localization of Aquaporin-4 water channel protein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (24): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntrophin,_alpha_1

Shanahan, CM (1999). "Aquaporin-1 is expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells and mediates rapid water transport across ... 1999 Aquaporin-1 is expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells and mediates rapid water transport across vascular cell membranes ... 2 (3): 181-96. doi:10.1016/S1380-2933(96)00046-2. PMID 9373311. "Specific binding members for human carcinoembryonic antigen, ... Chodorge, M (3 December 2018). "Engineering of a GLP-1 analogue peptide/anti-PCSK9 antibody fusion for type 2 diabetes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Osbourn

"Aquaporin-1 promotes angiogenesis, fibrosis, and portal hypertension through mechanisms dependent on osmotically sensitive ... 23 (2): 313-22. doi:10.1038/leu.2008.286. PMID 18923441. Page for mir-708 microRNA precursor family at Rfam (Orphaned articles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-708_microRNA_precursor_family

... aquaporin - archaea - arginine - argipressin - aromatic amine - aromatic compound - arrestin - Arrhenius equation - aryl ... Articles related to biochemistry include: Contents: Top 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 2-amino-5- ... Bcl-2 - bcr-abl fusion protein - benzene - benzene ring - beta-2 microglobulin - beta adrenergic receptor - beta sheet - beta-1 ... leucine-2-alanine enkephalin - leukotriene B4 receptor - LH - LH receptor - LHRH receptor - life - life form - ligand - light ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

Marlar S, Jensen HH, Login FH, Nejsum LN (October 2017). "Aquaporin-3 in Cancer". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. ... aquaporin 3, is a water channel that when overexpressed is thought to promote the progression and spread of various types of ... 79 (2): 1244-51. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.2.1244-1251.2005. PMC 538532. PMID 15613351. Youngster I, Vaisben E, Cohen H, Nassar F ( ... 88 (2): 645-56. doi:10.1182/blood.V88.2.645.bloodjournal882645. PMID 8695812. (CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja), CS1 errors: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_effusion_lymphoma

To help conserve water they produce very concentrated urine, via a process apparently associated with expression of aquaporin 1 ... 43 (2): 377-388. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2000)143[0377:SDIABO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86370238. Waser, P. M.; Jones, W. T. (June 1991). " ... 28 (2): 111-127. doi:10.2307/1942205. JSTOR 1942205. Lidicker, W.Z. (Jr.) (1960), An Analysis of Intraspecific Variation in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo_rat

... for Aquaporin Membrane water purification and desalination technology). He was named a Bill & Melinda Gates Grand Challenge ... 4 (2): 180-184. Bibcode:2005NatMa...4..180X. doi:10.1038/nmat1308. PMID 15654345. Rhodes, Dawn. "SIU Chancellor Carlo ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Montemagno

... aquaporins or Na/K-ATPase. In sweat glands, CFTR is responsible for the reabsorption of chloride in the sweat duct. Sodium ions ... 49 (2): 195-208. doi:10.1007/s10735-018-9759-2. PMID 29453757. S2CID 3761720. Sharma K, Haque M, Guidry R, Ueta Y, Teruyama R ( ... 579 (2): 95-132. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.061. PMC 4756657. PMID 26772908. Shekdar K, Langer J, Venkatachalan S, Schmid L, ... 96 (2): 37-41. doi:10.1159/000076406. PMID 14988660. S2CID 24608792. Shekdar K, Langer J, Venkatachalan S, Schmid L, Anobile J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial_sodium_channel

The presence of anti-MOG autoantibodies has been associated with the following conditions Most cases of aquaporin-4- ... 29 (2): 345-52. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9995. PMID 8666381. Pham-Dinh D, Jones EP, Pitiot G, Della Gaspera B, Daubas P, Mallet J ... 259 (1-2): 21-6. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2006.05.070. PMID 17367811. S2CID 23257594. Boyle LH, Traherne JA, Plotnek G, Ward R, ... 2 (3): 295-301. doi:10.1002/acn3.164. PMC 4369279. PMID 25815356. Baumann M, Hennes EM, Schanda K, Karenfort M, Kornek B, Seidl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_oligodendrocyte_glycoprotein

NMOSD can be associated with antibodies that bind to a protein called aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Binding of the anti-AQP4 antibody ... who are anti-aquaporin 4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) seropositive. The applicant for this medicinal product is Viela Bio. ... patients who are anti-aquaporin-4 or AQP4 antibody positive). NMOSD is a rare autoimmune disorder in which immune system cells ... randomised placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial". Lancet. 394 (10206): 1352-1363. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31817-3. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inebilizumab

"IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin-4 water channel". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 202 (4 ... "Neuromyelitis optica brain lesions localized at sites of high aquaporin 4 expression". Archives of Neurology. 63 (7): 964-968. ... 157 (2): 266-272.e1. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2013.09.019. PMC 3946999. PMID 24315290. Lennon VA, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ, Verkman AS, ... 22 (3): 101-2, author reply 103. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2006.01.001. PMID 16446117. Agustí A, MacNee W, Donaldson K, Cosio M (2003 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_autoimmune_diseases

NMOSD can be associated with antibodies that bind to a protein called aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Binding of the anti-AQP4 antibody ... people who are anti-aquaporin-4 or AQP4 antibody-positive. NMOSD is a rare autoimmune disease of the central nervous system ... of 116 participants with NMOSD who were anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody positive. The trials were conducted at 62 sites in the ... including the formation of pathological autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4), and the permeability of the blood-brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satralizumab

... or Aquaporin, cytoskeletal structural proteins, paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 3 (PITX3), avian ... 74 (2): 136-42. doi:10.1590/S0004-27492011000200016. PMID 21779674. "Facts About Cataract , National Eye Institute". nei.nih. ... 2 ft. This test can be used for routine ocular screening by nurses, pediatricians, family practitioners, and optometrists. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_cataract

"A water-specific aquaporin involved in aphid osmoregulation". Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 39 (1): 1-10. doi: ... 14 (2): 139-140. doi:10.1093/besa/14.2.139a. Retrieved 2018-02-04. Dixon, A. F. G. (1998). Aphid Ecology (2nd ed.). Chapman and ... 2: 579. Bibcode:2012NatSR...2E.579V. doi:10.1038/srep00579. PMC 3420219. PMID 22900140. Wang, C. L.; Siang, L. Y.; Chang, G. S ... 45 (2): 276-282.[permanent dead link] Kutsukake, M.; Meng, X.Y.; Katayama, N.; Nikoh, N.; Shibao, H.; Fukatsu, T. (2012). "An ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphid

Aquaporin-7 has been the subject of study in adipose tissue as it is a major source of circulating glycerol in the mammalian ... The dysregulation of Aquaporin-7 has been associated with obesity in humans and has been associated with the regulation of ... Aquaporin-9 a major glycerol channel in mouse erythrocytes has been found to contribute to the intraethrocytic stages of ... Aquaglyceroporins are recognized as a subset of the aquaporin family of proteins which conduct water, glycerol and other small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaglyceroporins

... enters the cells though aquaporins 7 and 9, which is a type of aquaglyceroporin. Arsenic (V) compounds use phosphate ... ISBN 978-3-527-29390-2 Park, Woo H. Park; Jae G. Seol; Eun S. Kim; Jung M. Hyun; Chul W. Jung; Chung C. Lee; Byoung K. Kim; ... 232 (2): 252-257. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2008.06.021. PMID 18671993. Bau, D.T; Wang, T.S (2002). "Oxidative DNA adducts and DNA- ... 290 (2): 234-45. doi:10.1016/s0014-4827(03)00341-0. PMID 14567983. Stýblo, M.; Drobná, Z.; Jaspers, I.; Lin, S.; Thomas, D. J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_biochemistry

This creates osmotic pressure and draws water into CSF, facilitated by aquaporins. Chloride, with a negative charge, moves with ... and specific antibodies such as aquaporin-4 may be tested for to assist in the diagnosis of autoimmune conditions. A lumbar ... Infants have a CSF volume of 4 mL/kg, children have a CSF volume of 3 mL/kg, and adults have a CSF volume of 1.5-2 mL/kg. A ... 83 (2): S86-90. doi:10.1016/j.diff.2011.10.007. PMID 22101065. Venturi S, Venturi M (2014). "Iodine, PUFAs and Iodolipids in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid

Only mature blood cells contain the membrane proteins, such as aquaporin and glycophorin, that are required to attach to and ... 24 (2): 115-8. doi:10.1080/08998280.2011.11928697. PMC 3069519. PMID 21566758. Wang J, Liu X, Lu H, Jiang C, Cui X, Yu L, Fu X ... or can require 1-2 days of recovery in the hospital. Another option is to administer certain drugs that stimulate the release ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrow

May 2007). "Pattern-specific loss of aquaporin-4 immunoreactivity distinguishes neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis". ... is characterized by neuromyelitis optica IgG antibodies which selectively bind to aquaporin-4. Optic neuritis is associated ... HSV-2 frequently lies within lumbosacral ganglia and is associated with radiculopathies during active infection. Herpes ... doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52902-2.00029-1. ISBN 978-0-444-52902-2. PMID 23931799. Pau D, Al Zubidi N, Yalamanchili S, Plant GT, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuritis

Zheng X, Bollinger Bollag W (December 2003). "Aquaporin 3 colocates with phospholipase d2 in caveolin-rich membrane ... 467 (2-3): 326-32. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01174-1. PMID 10675563. S2CID 21891748. Kim JH, Lee S, Park JB, Lee SD, Kim JH, Ha ... N-(2-(1-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)ethyl)-2-naphthamide: 75-fold selective versus PLD1, IC50 = 20 ... 467 (2-3): 326-32. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01174-1. PMID 10675563. S2CID 21891748. Lee C, Kim SR, Chung JK, Frohman MA, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLD2

Die Rolle des Aquaporins CgPIP1;2 in der C4-Photosynthese von Cleome gynandra.. Darmstadt, Technische Universität, [Ph.D. ... The Cleome types of photosynthesis and the different expression levels of the aquaporins had to be confirmed as a different ... Die Rolle des Aquaporins CgPIP1;2 in der C4-Photosynthese von Cleome gynandra ... Es konnte bestätigt werden, dass die mRNA Level des Aquaporins CgPIP1;2 - verglichen mit CsPIP1;2 in 8~Wochen alten Pflanzen - ...

https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/4006/

Aquaporin 2/metabolism - Arginine Vasopressin/metabolism - Body Water/metabolism - Cells, Cultured - Homeostasis/physiology - ... HASLER, Udo et al. Aquaporin-2 abundance in the renal collecting duct: new insights from cultured cell models. In: American ... Aquaporin-2 abundance in the renal collecting duct: new insights from cultured cell models. ... Aquaporin-2 abundance in the renal collecting duct: new insights from cultured cell models ...

https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:5528

Examination of aquaporin (AQP) membrane channels in extremophile plants may increase our understanding of plant tolerance to ... N2 - Examination of aquaporin (AQP) membrane channels in extremophile plants may increase our understanding of plant tolerance ... AB - Examination of aquaporin (AQP) membrane channels in extremophile plants may increase our understanding of plant tolerance ... abstract = "Examination of aquaporin (AQP) membrane channels in extremophile plants may increase our understanding of plant ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-thellungiella-salsuginea-tonoplast-aquaporin-tstip12-function

Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of channel proteins that facilitate water transportation across cell membranes. Kidney AQPs play ... Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of channel proteins that facilitate water transportation across cell membranes. Kidney AQPs play ... 2000). Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in mice lacking aquaporin-3 water channels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 4386-4391. ... 2001). Immunolocalization of aquaporin-8 in rat kidney, gastrointestinal tract, testis, and airways. Am. J. Physiol. Renal. ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2019.01172/full

Rat Aquaporin 2,AQP-2 ELISA Kit

https://www.doronscientific.com/product-page/rat-aquaporin-2-aqp-2-elisa-kit

AQP2: aquaporin 2. *AR: androgen receptor. *ARFGEF2: ADP ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 ... ADAMTS2: ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2. *ADAMTS10: ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene

Order Human Aquaporin 2 AQP-2 ELISA Kit 01012358058 at Gentaur Aquaporin 2,AQP-2 ...

http://usachinabio.com/catalogue/178339-bioassay/178959-h-sapiens-aquaporin-2-aqp-2-enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay-reagent

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder With Anti-Aquaporin-4 Antibody: Outcome Prediction Models.docx ... neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorderanti-aquaporin-4 antibodymaintenance therapyoutcomeprediction model ... Recognizing the predictors of disease relapses in patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-ab)-positive neuromyelitis ... Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder With Anti-Aquaporin-4 Antibody: Outcome Prediction Models ...

https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_2_Neuromyelitis_Optica_Spectrum_Disorder_With_Anti-Aquaporin-4_Antibody_Outcome_Prediction_Models_docx/19470767/1

Living cells regulate the movement of water via pores in the cell membrane called aquaporins. In a study of plant aquaporin, ... Here we report the X-ray structure of the spinach plasma membrane aquaporin SoPIP2;1 in its closed conformation at 2.1 Å ... These results reveal a molecular gating mechanism which appears conserved throughout all plant plasma membrane aquaporins. ... Plants counteract fluctuations in water supply by regulating all aquaporins in the cell plasma membrane. Channel closure ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04316?error=cookies_not_supported&code=2525d571-cb34-4b91-a72f-7ca965afb192

Endolymphatic Sac Immunohistochemistry of Aquaporin-2, V2R Vasopressin Receptor, NKCC2, and TRPV4. Asmar and colleagues (2018) ... Asmar MH, Gaboury L, Saliba I. Menieres disease pathophysiology: Endolymphatic sac immunohistochemical study of aquaporin-2, ... Endolymphatic sac immunohistochemistry of aquaporin-2, V2R vasopressin receptor, sodium potassium chloride co-transporter 2 ( ... do not mention aquaporin-2 (AQP2), vasopressin receptor V2R, sodium potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (NKCC2), and transient ...

http://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/500_599/0571.html

Reciprocal regulation of aquaporin-2 abundance and degradation by protein kinase A and p38-MAP kinase ... Reciprocal regulation of aquaporin-2 abundance and degradation by protein kinase A and p38-MAP kinase. ... Aquaporin 2, Arginine Vasopressin, Cell Line, Cyclic AMP, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Forskolin, Kidney Medulla, ... Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) modulates the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the renal collecting duct to maintain homeostasis ...

http://edoc.mdc-berlin.de/11165/

The vasopressin-regulated water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is known to tetramerize in the apical membrane of the renal tubular ... Three Families with Autosomal Dominant Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Caused by Aquaporin-2 Mutations in the C-Terminus. * ... In the September 2001 issue, in the article "A Genomewide Scan for Loci Predisposing to Type 2 Diabetes in a U.K. Population ( ... χ2=138.3; P,.0001). We obtained significant evidence of linkage throughout the whole data set (mlod=4.09; 59.9% sharing). ...

https://www.cell.com/ajhg/issue?pii=S0002-9297

Aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-2 urinary excretion in cirrhosis: Relationship with ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatology. ... 18] Type 2 HRS has a median survival of 3-6 months. A retrospective cohort study in the United States found a 36.9% mortality ... Type 2 HRS is characterized by a moderate and stable reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and it commonly occurs ... 10] Stage 1 AKI would be classified as an increase in serum creatinine level by 0.3 mg/dL or a 50% increase, whereas stages 2 ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/178208-45574/what-is-the-histologic-appearance-of-the-kidneys-in-hepatorenal-syndrome-hrs

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/178208

2) by an inner hexagon screw in a fastening way; the fixed mold cavity (5) is arranged in a frame of the fixed template (2), ... 2) and a hole in the fixed mold cavity (5). ... 102000010637 Aquaporins Human genes 0.000 description 2 * ... 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2 * XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml; ... Cited By (2). * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party. Publication number. Priority date. Publication date. Assignee. Title ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN203650833U/en

These results suggest that PIP2 aquaporins are permeable to CO2. and the conserved isoleucine at the end of the E-loop is ... keywords = "Aquaporin, Barley, Carbon dioxide, Plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2",. author = "Mori, {Izumi C.} and Jiye Rhee ... These results suggest that PIP2 aquaporins are permeable to CO2. and the conserved isoleucine at the end of the E-loop is ... These results suggest that PIP2 aquaporins are permeable to CO2. and the conserved isoleucine at the end of the E-loop is ...

https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cosub2sub-transport-by-pip2-aquaporins-of-barley

Dive into the research topics of Uncoupling of vasopressin signaling in collecting ducts from rats with CBL-induced liver cirrhosis. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/uncoupling-of-vasopressin-signaling-in-collecting-ducts-from-rats/fingerprints/

keywords = "Aquaporin-2, Kidney, Transcription, Transcriptional coregulator",. author = "Hwang, {Jacqueline R.} and Chou, { ... N2 - The gene encoding the aquaporin-2 water channel is regulated transcriptionally in response to vasopressin. In the renal ... AB - The gene encoding the aquaporin-2 water channel is regulated transcriptionally in response to vasopressin. In the renal ... The gene encoding the aquaporin-2 water channel is regulated transcriptionally in response to vasopressin. In the renal ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/identification-of-%CE%B2-catenin-interacting-proteins-in-nuclear-fract

Mechanisms include downregulation of water channels (aquaporin 2) and tubulointerstitial injury caused by calcium deposition. ... The incidence of primary HPT increases with age in both sexes but more so in women after menopause.2 The incidence is 12 to 24 ... They require 2 to 4 days to achieve therapeutic blood levels and their effects usually last several weeks, although this can ... The serum calcium level will start to decrease within 2 to 4 hours and approach the normal range in 12 to 24 hours. It is ...

https://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/endocrinology/hypercalcemia/

Estrogen regulates aquaporin-2 expression in the kidney. Tingskov, S. J., Mutsaers, H. A. M. & Nørregaard, R., 2020, Vitamins ... Mutsaers, H. A. M., Jensen, M. S., Olinga, P. & Norregaard, R., Apr-2019, In: FASEB Journal. 33, 2 p.. Research output: ... Mutsaers, H. A. M., Stribos, E. G. D., Glorieux, G., Vanholder, R. & Olinga, P., 31-Aug-2015, In: Frontiers in Medicine. 2, 7 p ... Mutsaers, H. A. M., Masereeuw, R. & Olinga, P., Nov-2014, In: Kidney International. 86, 5, p. 1061-1062 2 p.. Research output: ...

https://research.rug.nl/en/persons/rick-mutsaers/publications/

Early Molecular Events Mediating Loss of Aquaporin-2 during Ureteral Obstruction in Rats Chih-Chien Sung, Brian G. Poll, Shih- ... Blood Transcriptomes of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Kidney Transplant Recipients Associated with Immune Insufficiency Proportionate to ...

https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/33/11?current-issue=y

Downregulation of aquaporin-2 and -3 in aging kidney is independent of V(2) vasopressin receptor. Preisser, L., Teillet, L., ... Decreased aquaporin-2 expression and apical plasma membrane delivery in kidney collecting ducts of polyuric hypercalcemic rats. ... Role of water channels in fluid transport studied by phenotype analysis of aquaporin knockout mice. Verkman, A.S., Yang, B., ... Hypokalemia-induced downregulation of aquaporin-2 water channel expression in rat kidney medulla and cortex. Marples, D., ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/mesh/e/12119.html

Raphael D. Isokpehi: "Aquaporins at the Host-Parasite Interface in Malaria" * 15:50-16:10 - Coffee break with virtual posters ... Sub-Theme 2: Applied Genomics to Infectious Diseases * 14:00-15:00 - Keynote 2: Dr. Richard Wintle: "Copy Number Variation ... 2. You will need a fast Internet connection using an Ethernet cable. IMPORTANT: Do not use wireless, since it will cause your ...

http://bioinformatics.org/wiki/Bifx_Africa_Virtual_Conference_2009

The erythrocyte water channel aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is expressed in multiple absorptive and secretory epithelia including the ... Microvessel overexpression of aquaporin 1 parallels bone marrow angiogenesis in patients with active multiple myeloma Br J ... The erythrocyte water channel aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is expressed in multiple absorptive and secretory epithelia including the ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11380407/?dopt=Abstract

Yaneff A, Vitali V, Amodeo G (2015) PIP1 aquaporins: intrinsec water channels or PIP2 aquaporin modulators? FEBS Letters 589: ... Verkman AS (2013) Aquaporins. Curr Biol. 23(2): R52-R55. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.025. 10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.025. 3590904. ... Ding L, Uehlein N, Kaldenhoff R, Guo S, Zhu Y, Kai L (2019) Aquaporin PIP2;1 affects water transport and root growth in rice ( ... 3. Agre P, Sasaki S, Chrispeels MJ (1993) Aquaporins: a family of water channel proteins. Am J Physiol. 265 (3 Pt 2):F461. doi: ...

https://sciendo.com/fr/article/10.2478/abmj-2019-0009

Aquaporin Z 2. 2252. SEQF1687,GL872418.1. SEQF1687_02303 jb [NA] [AA] 720/239. 80741-80022. putative transcriptional regulatory ... tRNA-specific 2-thiouridylase MnmA. 2305. SEQF1687,GL872418.1. SEQF1687_02359 jb [NA] [AA] 909/302. 130411-131319. hypothetical ... 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2%2C4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate synthase. 2263. SEQF1687,GL872418.1. SEQF1687_02314 jb [NA] [AA] 723/ ...

https://homd.org/genome/explorer?gid=SEQF1687&anno=prokka&page=0

Detection of Aquaporin 1 in human kidney tissue (formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE): SNAP i.d.® 2.0 IHC System ( ... In the first example below, the system was used to detect Aquaporin 1 in archival human kidney tissue, with good results:. * ... slides were incubated 2 h with Anti-Aquaporin 1 (Cat. No. AB2219, 1:2,000). After three more TBST washes, slides were incubated ...

https://www.emdmillipore.com/CA/en/life-science-research/protein-detection-quantification/SNAP-i.d.-2.0-Protein-Detection-System/snap-id-system-ihc/How-it-Works/5XOb.qB.Qy8AAAFHu60XX4i7,nav

Urine aquaporin 1 and perilipin 2 differentiate renal carcinomas from other imaged renal masses and bladder and prostate cancer ... Promising urinary biomarkers for RCC include aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and perilipin 2 (PLIN2), which have been shown to be elevated ... Fitted parameters of the EPIC RCC prediction model are presented in Table 2. The hazard of RCC was greater with increasing age ... High body mass index (BMI) is consistently associated with greater risk, with each kg/m2 increment associated with ...

https://aacrjournals.org/cebp/article/30/3/507/72413/Risk-Prediction-for-Renal-Cell-Carcinoma-Results

AquaPorin Hydrating Cream - 1.7 oz. Home \ Retail Products \ Retail Hydrating/Moisturizing \ AquaPorin Hydrating Cream - 1.7 oz ... AquaPorin Hydrating Cream - 1.7 oz. Log in to see prices. Hydrate with natural oils to maintain and increase skin moisture. ... Boosts Aquaporin-3 which promotes inner hydration mechanisms and water movement from the basal layer of epidermis and to the ... Increases Aquaporins-3, 9, and 10 to hydrate skin, increases fibronectin, and envelope proteins to improve corneocyte cohesion ...

https://circadia.com/product/aquaporin-hydrating-cream-1-7-oz/

Regulation and dysregulation of aquaporins in water balance disorders. / Nielsen, Søren; Kwon, TH; Frøkiær, Jørgen et al. ... Ovariectomy in rats is associated with increased renal aquaporin-2, -3, -1 and Na, K-ATPase expression and decreased urine ... 2, 2007, p. 369-375.. Research output: Contribution to journal/Conference contribution in journal/Contribution to newspaper › ... Interobserver and within-subject variances of T(2)-relaxation time and (1)H-metabolite ratios in the normal hippocampus. / ...

https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/persons/joergen-froekiaer

The antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) increases collecting duct water permeability by enhancing aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel insertion in the apical membrane of principal cells, allowing water to passively flow along the osmotic gradient from the tubule lumen to the interstitium. (unige.ch)
Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) modulates the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the renal collecting duct to maintain homeostasis of body water. (mdc-berlin.de)
La translocación de la acuaporina 2 a la MEMBRANA PLASMÁTICA apical está regulada por la VASOPRESINA, y se han implicado a las MUTACIONES de AQP2 en diversos trastornos renales, como la DIABETES INSÍPIDA. (bvsalud.org)
The translocation of aquaporin 2 to the apical PLASMA MEMBRANE is regulated by VASOPRESSIN , and MUTATIONS in AQP2 have been implicated in a variety of kidney disorders including DIABETES INSIPIDUS . (bvsalud.org)

Recognizing the predictors of disease relapses in patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-ab)-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is essential for individualized treatment strategy. (figshare.com)
This Aquaporin 6 antibody is available for research use only. (nsjbio.com)
Titration of the Aquaporin 6 antibody may be required due to differences in protocols and secondary/substrate sensitivity. (nsjbio.com)
An amino acid sequence from the C-terminus of human Aquaporin 6 (EPLKKESQPGSGAVEMESV) was used as the immunogen for this Aquaporin 6 antibody. (nsjbio.com)
After reconstitution, the Aquaporin 6 antibody can be stored for up to one month at 4oC. (nsjbio.com)
and/or (3) positive serology for NMO IgG (anti-aquaporin-4 antibody). (medscape.com)

The gene encoding the aquaporin-2 water channel is regulated transcriptionally in response to vasopressin. (elsevier.com)

Dutta A , Das M. Deciphering the Role of Aquaporins in Metabolic Diseases: A Mini Review. (wjgnet.com)
The present article reviews the basic histology of salivary gland, its ductal system and also physiology of secretion of saliva and highlights the role of Aquaporins in saliva formation. (adejournal.com)

Collectively, these data showed that TsTIP1;2 could mediate the conduction of both H 2 O and H 2 O 2 across membranes, and may act as a multifunctional contributor to survival of T. salsuginea in highly stressful habitats. (elsevier.com)
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of channel proteins that facilitate water transportation across cell membranes. (frontiersin.org)
Diagram illustrating the structural mechanism of aquaporin gating in plant plasma membranes. (nature.com)
Johansson, I., Larsson, C., Ek, B. & Kjellbom, P. The major integral proteins of spinach leaf plasma membranes are putative aquaporins and are phosphorylated in response to Ca 2+ and apoplastic water potential. (nature.com)
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of water-transporting proteins that facilitate osmotically driven water movement across cell plasma membranes. (nsjbio.com)
Aquaporins are water channel proteins embedded in the membranes of cells. (chalmers.se)
Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is one of a large family of proteins on cell membranes. (reviewofoptometry.com)

10. Bienert GP, Chaumont F (2014) Aquaporin-facilitated transmembrane diffusion of hydrogen peroxide. (sciendo.com)
11. Bienert GP, Heinen RB, Berny MC, Chaumont F (2014) Maize plasma membrane aquaporin ZmPIP2;5, but not ZmPIP1;2, facilitates transmembrane diffusion of hydrogen peroxide. (sciendo.com)
Aquaporins are transmembrane water permeable proteins involved in transcellular water flow. (adejournal.com)

The family of proteins to which aquaporins belong sometimes goes by the name integral membrane proteins (IMP) or major intrinsic proteins (MIP). (reviewofoptometry.com)
Although water and nutrient uptake can be facilitated by membrane proteins known as aquaporins and nutrient transporters, respectively, there is a little evidence that root-localised overexpression of these proteins improves plant growth or stress tolerance. (lancs.ac.uk)

Here, we cloned a tonoplast AQP gene (TsTIP1;2) from the halophyte Thellungiella salsuginea and characterized its biological functions. (elsevier.com)
4. Balarynová J, Danihlik J, Fellner M (2018) Changes in plasma membrane aquaporin gene expression under osmotic stress and blue light in tomato. (sciendo.com)
Aquaporin 6 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the AQP6 gene. (nsjbio.com)
In humans, mutations in the aquaporin-2 gene lead to hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. (reviewofoptometry.com)
In mice, mutations in the aquaporin-0 gene lead to congenital cataracts. (reviewofoptometry.com)
2]. Mutations in the human skeletal muscle chloride channel gene (CLCN1) associated with dominant and recessive myotonia congenita. (bionity.com)

TsTIP1;2 was not permeable to Na + in Xenopus oocytes, but it could facilitate the entry of Na + ions into plant cell vacuoles by an indirect process under high-salinity conditions. (elsevier.com)
These results suggest that PIP2 aquaporins are permeable to CO 2 . (elsevier.com)
In addition to being permeable to water, some Aquaporins can be permeable to small solutes, including cations, glycerol and gases. (adejournal.com)

Further studies in the following 2 decades demonstrated that renal failure occurred because of vasoconstriction of the renal circulation and intense systemic arteriolar vasodilatation resulting in reduced systemic vascular resistance and arterial hypotension. (medscape.com)
Dupuis C , Robert A, Gerard L, Morelle J, Laterre P, Hantson P, Trikha A. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus following an Off-Label Administration of Sevoflurane for Prolonged Sedation in a COVID-19 Patient and Possible Influence on Aquaporin-2 Renal Expression. (wjgnet.com)

CO 2 permeability of plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2 (PIP2) aquaporins of Hordeum vulgare L. was investigated. (elsevier.com)
The isoleucine residue at position 254 of HvPIP2;3 was conserved in PIP2 aquaporins of barley, except HvPIP2;4, which possesses methionine instead. (elsevier.com)
15. Ding L, Uehlein N, Kaldenhoff R, Guo S, Zhu Y, Kai L (2019) Aquaporin PIP2;1 affects water transport and root growth in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 139:152-160. (sciendo.com)

Unlike other aquaporins, AQP6 functions not as a water channel but as an anion-selective channel. (nsjbio.com)

TsTIP1;2 had water channel activity when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. (elsevier.com)
Morishita, Y., Sakube, Y., Sasaki, S. & Ishibashi, K. Molecular mechanisms and drug development in aquaporin water channel diseases: aquaporin superfamily (superaquaporins): expansion of aquaporins restricted to multicellular organisms. (nature.com)
The erythrocyte water channel aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is expressed in multiple absorptive and secretory epithelia including the capillary endothelia. (nih.gov)
3. Agre P, Sasaki S, Chrispeels MJ (1993) Aquaporins: a family of water channel proteins. (sciendo.com)
5. Benga G (2012) On the definition, nomenclature and classification of water channel proteins (aquaporins and relatives). (sciendo.com)

Detection of Aquaporin 1 in human kidney tissue (formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE): SNAP i.d.® 2.0 IHC System (sections 1-13) vs. Standard IHC protocol (section M1). (emdmillipore.com)
Aquaporin 2 is a water-specific channel protein that is expressed in KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS . (bvsalud.org)
Aquaporin 11 variant associates with kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients. (cdc.gov)

2(16012)2016. (spandidos-publications.com)

Recent work suggests that the major classes of phytohormones are involved not only in regulating aquaporin and nutrient transporter expression and activity, but also in sculpting root system architecture. (lancs.ac.uk)
This specific transporter is called aquaporin. (coursera.org)

Agre, P. & Kozono, D. Aquaporin water channels: molecular mechanisms for human diseases. (nature.com)
16. Fox AR, Maistriaux LC, Chaumont F (2017) Toward understanding of the high number of plant aquaporin isoforms and multiple regulation mechanisms. (sciendo.com)
Regulatory mechanisms of the spinach aquaporin SoPIP2;1 were also investigated. (chalmers.se)

Furthermore, serine 188 was identified as a putative phosphorylation site as its mutation to a glutamate increased the water flux through the aquaporin. (chalmers.se)

CO 2 permeability was determined by decrease of cytosolic pH in CO 2 -enriched buffer using a hydrogen ion-selective microelectrode. (elsevier.com)
CO 2 permeability was lost by the substitution of the Ile254 of HvPIP2;3 by methionine, while water permeability was not affected. (elsevier.com)

We tried multiple times previously to create monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to claudin-2 and MLCK1. (bicellscientific.com)
These antibodies are directed against the aquaporin-4 water channels in the astrocyte foot processes at the blood-brain barrier, pia, subpia, and Virchow-Robin spaces. (medscape.com)

FAR-INFRARED RAY INDUCED DECATIONIZATION Restores water molecules ability to pass through your body's aquaporins to hydrate at the cellular level. (aquacoolers.com)

Roles of aquaporins in seta. (edu.au)
Liao S , Gan L , Lv L , Mei Z . The regulatory roles of aquaporins in the digestive system. (wjgnet.com)

Es konnte bestätigt werden, dass die mRNA Level des Aquaporins CgPIP1;2 - verglichen mit CsPIP1;2 in 8~Wochen alten Pflanzen - 10-fache erhöht ist. (tu-darmstadt.de)

There are 13 known aquaporins, many of which are found in the kidneys. (reviewofoptometry.com)

Defects in aquaporin genes can cause disease. (reviewofoptometry.com)

Here we report the X-ray structure of the spinach plasma membrane aquaporin SoPIP2;1 in its closed conformation at 2.1 Å resolution and in its open conformation at 3.9 Å resolution, and molecular dynamics simulations of the initial events governing gating. (nature.com)

1/22 reacts on the intracellular C-terminal AQPl epitope of aquaporins which are members of the Major Intrinsic Protein family. (immbio.hu)

18. Gomes D, Agasse A, Thiébaud P, Delrot S, Gerós H, Chaumont F (2009) Aquaporins are multifunctional water and solute transporters highly divergent in living organisms. (sciendo.com)

24(2): 31-36, 2023. (bvsalud.org)

Its expression on transcriptional level is 20-fold higher in comparison to Cleome spinosa PIP1;2 (CsPIP1;2) transcripts. (tu-darmstadt.de)

In this thesis the Pichia pastoris overproduction system was evaluated for heterologous production of all the thirteen human aquaporins. (chalmers.se)
Factors influencing the level of protein production are discussed, and one construct of human aquaporin 1 resulted in an exceptionally high yield. (chalmers.se)
Welcome to Module 2 of Introductory Human Physiology! (coursera.org)
Pharmacological characterization of human recombinant melatonin mt(1) and MT(2) receptors. (medchemexpress.com)

17. Frick A, Järvå M, Törnroth-Horsefield S (2013) Structural basis for pH gating of plant aquaporins. (sciendo.com)
Increased structural and functional knowledge of aquaporins will aid in understanding how the flux of water through these pores is controlled and why certain physical disorders in humans connected to the aquaporins arise. (chalmers.se)

Water transport activity of the plasma membrane aquaporin PM28A is regulated by phosphorylation. (nature.com)
To mimic phosphorylation, residues implicated in the opening and closing of this gated aquaporin were mutated and their X-ray structures elucidated. (chalmers.se)

Examination of aquaporin (AQP) membrane channels in extremophile plants may increase our understanding of plant tolerance to high salt, drought or other conditions. (elsevier.com)
Ectopic overexpression of TsTIP1;2 in Arabidopsis significantly increased plant tolerance to drought, salt and oxidative stresses. (elsevier.com)

Plants counteract fluctuations in water supply by regulating all aquaporins in the cell plasma membrane. (nature.com)
These results reveal a molecular gating mechanism which appears conserved throughout all plant plasma membrane aquaporins. (nature.com)

The Cleome types of photosynthesis and the different expression levels of the aquaporins had to be confirmed as a different expression might have an impact on the C4 photosynthesis. (tu-darmstadt.de)

Water is going to move by facilitated diffusion through the aquaporin channel. (coursera.org)

2001 May;113(2):415-21. (nih.gov)

Borstlap, A. C. Early diversification of plant aquaporins. (nature.com)
Plant and Cell Physiology , 55 (2), 251-257. (elsevier.com)
These findings provide further insight into the molecular gating mechanism previously suggested for this plant aquaporin. (chalmers.se)

Anatomy18

Organisms16

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes24

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities1

Information Science5

Long-term regulation of aquaporins in the kidney. (1/515)

Vasopressin regulates apical targeting of aquaporin-2 but not of UT1 urea transporter in renal collecting duct. (2/515)

An impaired routing of wild-type aquaporin-2 after tetramerization with an aquaporin-2 mutant explains dominant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. (3/515)

Aquaporin-6: An intracellular vesicle water channel protein in renal epithelia. (4/515)

The Cre/loxP system and gene targeting in the kidney. (5/515)

Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in rat is mediated by a vasopressin-dependent apical pathway. (6/515)

Effects of missense mutations on rat aquaporin-2 in LLC-PK1 porcine kidney cells. (7/515)

Lack of vasopressin-independent upregulation of AQP-2 gene expression in homozygous Brattleboro rats. (8/515)

Aquaporin 1

Aquaporin 5

Aquaporin 3

Aquaporin 4

Aquaporins

Aquaporin 2

Aquaporin 6

Water

Mercuric Chloride

Osmosis

Aquaglyceroporins

Blood Group Antigens

Water-Electrolyte Balance

Glycerol

Permeability

Cell Membrane Permeability

Plant Transpiration

Kidney Tubules, Collecting

Kidney Concentrating Ability

Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic

Plant Proteins

Ion Channels

Neuromyelitis Optica

Polyuria

Biological Transport

Xenopus laevis

Osmotic Pressure

Oocytes

Antidiuretic Agents

Molecular Sequence Data

Tulipa

Vapor Pressure

Amino Acid Sequence

Cistaceae

Plant Roots

Brain Edema

Mercury Compounds

Cell Membrane

Membrane Proteins

Lens, Crystalline

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Eye Proteins

Body Water

Renal Agents

Anguilla

Osmolar Concentration

Vasopressins

Immunohistochemistry

Dehydration

RNA, Messenger

Glomeromycota

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission

Salivary Glands

Mycelium

Deamino Arginine Vasopressin

Propylene Glycol

Mesophyll Cells

Mesembryanthemum

Kidney Medulla

Kidney

Submandibular Gland

Receptors, Vasopressin

Droughts

Astrocytes

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Xenopus

Mercury

Gene Expression

Nobel Prize

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Spinacia oleracea

Glycerol Kinase

Protein Transport

Pichia

Fragaria

Rats, Brattleboro

Plant Stomata

Proteolipids

Blotting, Western

Saline Solution, Hypertonic