Aptamers peptide. Medical search

Nucleotide sequences, generated by iterative rounds of SELEX APTAMER TECHNIQUE, that bind to a target molecule specifically and with high affinity.

Peptide sequences, generated by iterative rounds of SELEX APTAMER TECHNIQUE, that bind to a target molecule specifically and with high affinity.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A collection of cloned peptides, or chemically synthesized peptides, frequently consisting of all possible combinations of amino acids making up an n-amino acid peptide.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induced defenses against invading microbes. In animals they are found on mucosal surfaces, within phagocytic granules, and on the surface of the body. They are also found in insects and plants. Among others, this group includes the DEFENSINS, protegrins, tachyplesins, and thionins. They displace DIVALENT CATIONS from phosphate groups of MEMBRANE LIPIDS leading to disruption of the membrane.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Peptides whose amino and carboxy ends are linked together with a peptide bond forming a circular chain. Some of them are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. Some of them are biosynthesized non-ribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NON-RIBOSOMAL).

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)

A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.

A group of ribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

The techniques used to produce molecules exhibiting properties that conform to the demands of the experimenter. These techniques combine methods of generating structural changes with methods of selection. They are also used to examine proposed mechanisms of evolution under in vitro selection conditions.

A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.

Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).

A technology, in which sets of reactions for solution or solid-phase synthesis, is used to create molecular libraries for analysis of compounds on a large scale.

Molecules of DNA that possess enzymatic activity.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide. A 37-amino acid peptide derived from the calcitonin gene. It occurs as a result of alternative processing of mRNA from the calcitonin gene. The neuropeptide is widely distributed in neural tissue of the brain, gut, perivascular nerves, and other tissue. The peptide produces multiple biological effects and has both circulatory and neurotransmitter modes of action. In particular, it is a potent endogenous vasodilator.

A 60-kDa extracellular protein of Streptomyces avidinii with four high-affinity biotin binding sites. Unlike AVIDIN, streptavidin has a near neutral isoelectric point and is free of carbohydrate side chains.

Peptides that have the ability to enter cells by crossing the plasma membrane directly, or through uptake by the endocytotic pathway.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The production of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS by the constituents of a living organism. The biosynthesis of proteins on RIBOSOMES following an RNA template is termed translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). There are other, non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NUCLEIC ACID-INDEPENDENT) mechanisms carried out by PEPTIDE SYNTHASES and PEPTIDYLTRANSFERASES. Further modifications of peptide chains yield functional peptide and protein molecules.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

A method for determining points of contact between interacting proteins or binding sites of proteins to nucleic acids. Protein footprinting utilizes a protein cutting reagent or protease. Protein cleavage is inhibited where the proteins, or nucleic acids and protein, contact each other. After completion of the cutting reaction, the remaining peptide fragments are analyzed by electrophoresis.

A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.

DNA analogs containing neutral amide backbone linkages composed of aminoethyl glycine units instead of the usual phosphodiester linkage of deoxyribose groups. Peptide nucleic acids have high biological stability and higher affinity for complementary DNA or RNA sequences than analogous DNA oligomers.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Peptides that regulate the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in the body, also known as natriuretic peptide hormones. Several have been sequenced (ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; C-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE).

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Higher-order DNA and RNA structures formed from guanine-rich sequences. They are formed around a core of at least 2 stacked tetrads of hydrogen-bonded GUANINE bases. They can be formed from one two or four separate strands of DNA (or RNA) and can display a wide variety of topologies, which are a consequence of various combinations of strand direction, length, and sequence. (From Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(19):5402-15)

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A family of G-protein-coupled receptors that was originally identified by its ability to bind N-formyl peptides such as N-FORMYLMETHIONINE LEUCYL-PHENYLALANINE. Since N-formyl peptides are found in MITOCHONDRIA and BACTERIA, this class of receptors is believed to play a role in mediating cellular responses to cellular damage and bacterial invasion. However, non-formylated peptide ligands have also been found for this receptor class.

A 27-amino acid peptide with histidine at the N-terminal and isoleucine amide at the C-terminal. The exact amino acid composition of the peptide is species dependent. The peptide is secreted in the intestine, but is found in the nervous system, many organs, and in the majority of peripheral tissues. It has a wide range of biological actions, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous systems.

Ligases that catalyze the joining of adjacent AMINO ACIDS by the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds between their carboxylic acid groups and amine groups.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.

Cell surface receptors that bind peptide messengers with high affinity and regulate intracellular signals which influence the behavior of cells.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Inorganic compounds that contain fluorine as an integral part of the molecule.

A single chain of deoxyribonucleotides that occurs in some bacteria and viruses. It usually exists as a covalently closed circle.

High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

An enzyme formed from PROTHROMBIN that converts FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN.

Systems for the delivery of drugs to target sites of pharmacological actions. Technologies employed include those concerning drug preparation, route of administration, site targeting, metabolism, and toxicity.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Part of a MESSENGER RNA molecule that undergoes a conformation change upon binding a specific metabolite or other small molecule thereby regulating the messenger RNA's transcription, post-transcriptional processing, transport, translation, or stability in response to varying levels of the metabolite or other small molecule.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.

A group of atoms or molecules attached to other molecules or cellular structures and used in studying the properties of these molecules and structures. Radioactive DNA or RNA sequences are used in MOLECULAR GENETICS to detect the presence of a complementary sequence by NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The use of devices which use detector molecules to detect, investigate, or analyze other molecules, macromolecules, molecular aggregates, or organisms.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The endogenous peptides with opiate-like activity. The three major classes currently recognized are the ENKEPHALINS, the DYNORPHINS, and the ENDORPHINS. Each of these families derives from different precursors, proenkephalin, prodynorphin, and PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN, respectively. There are also at least three classes of OPIOID RECEPTORS, but the peptide families do not map to the receptors in a simple way.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Hormones synthesized from amino acids. They are distinguished from INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS in that their actions are systemic.

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Proteins that are chemically bound to a substrate material which renders their location fixed. The immobilization of proteins allows their use in chemical reactions without being diluted by solvent.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

Incorporation of biotinyl groups into molecules.

Peptides generated from AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES PRECURSOR. An amyloid fibrillar form of these peptides is the major component of amyloid plaques found in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and in aged individuals with trisomy 21 (DOWN SYNDROME). The peptide is found predominantly in the nervous system, but there have been reports of its presence in non-neural tissue.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.

A highly-sensitive (in the picomolar range, which is 10,000-fold more sensitive than conventional electrophoresis) and efficient technique that allows separation of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and CARBOHYDRATES. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

The structure of one molecule that imitates or simulates the structure of a different molecule.

The processes of RNA tertiary structure formation.

A family of RNA plant viruses that infect a wide range of herbaceous and woody plant species. There are at least eight genera including POTEXVIRUS and CARLAVIRUS, both of which are highly immunogenic.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

The study of fluid channels and chambers of tiny dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers and volumes of nanoliters or picoliters. This is of interest in biological MICROCIRCULATION and used in MICROCHEMISTRY and INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES.

A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Cell surface proteins that bind VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE; (VIP); with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

Methods utilizing the principles of MICROFLUIDICS for sample handling, reagent mixing, and separation and detection of specific components in fluids.

Cell surface proteins that bind ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. They contain intrinsic guanylyl cyclase activity.

Proteins obtained from species in the class of AMPHIBIANS.

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the T-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the T-cell receptor are often located in the inner, unexposed side of the antigen, and become accessible to the T-cell receptors after proteolytic processing of the antigen.

Proteins and peptides found in SALIVA and the SALIVARY GLANDS. Some salivary proteins such as ALPHA-AMYLASES are enzymes, but their composition varies in different individuals.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.

A bacteriophage genus of the family LEVIVIRIDAE, whose viruses contain the short version of the genome and have a separate gene for cell lysis.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and information analysis of an RNA SEQUENCE.

The study of MAGNETIC PHENOMENA.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. This is performed by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Some antigens require processing before they can be recognized. Antigen processing consists of ingestion and partial digestion of the antigen by the APC, followed by presentation of fragments on the cell surface. (From Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)

Peptide aptamers targeting the hepatitis B virus core protein: a new class of molecules with antiviral activity. (1/64)

A substantial proportion of the worldwide liver cancer incidence is associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The therapeutic management of HBV infections is still problematic and novel antiviral strategies are urgently required. Using the peptide aptamer screening system, we aimed to isolate new molecules, which can block viral replication by interfering with capsid formation. Eight peptide aptamers were isolated from a randomized expression library, which specifically bound to the HBV core protein under intracellular conditions. One of them, named C1-1, efficiently inhibited viral capsid formation and, consequently, HBV replication and virion production. Hence, C1-1 is a novel model compound for inhibiting HBV replication by blocking capsid formation and provides a new basis for the development of therapeutic molecules with specific antiviral potential against HBV infections. (+info)

Identification of the first Rho-GEF inhibitor, TRIPalpha, which targets the RhoA-specific GEF domain of Trio. (2/64)

The Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Rho-GEFs) remodel the actin cytoskeleton via their Rho-GTPase targets and affect numerous physiological processes such as transformation and cell motility. They are therefore attractive targets to design specific inhibitors that may have therapeutic applications. Trio contains two Rho-GEF domains, GEFD1 and GEFD2, which activate the Rac and RhoA pathways, respectively. Here we have used a genetic screen in yeast to select in vivo peptides coupled to thioredoxin, called aptamers, that could inhibit GEFD2 activity. One aptamer, TRIAPalpha (TRio Inhibitory APtamer), specifically blocks GEFD2-exchange activity on RhoA in vitro. The corresponding peptide sequence, TRIPalpha, inhibits TrioGEFD2-mediated activation of RhoA in intact cells and specifically reverts the neurite retraction phenotype induced by TrioGEFD2 in PC12 cells. Thus TRIPalpha is the first Rho-GEF inhibitor isolated so far, and represents an important step in the design of inhibitors for the expanding family of Rho-GEFs. (+info)

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor trio activates the phagocyte NADPH oxidase in the absence of GDP to GTP exchange on Rac. "The emperor's nw clothes". (3/64)

The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome b(559) and four cytosolic components as follows: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Activation of the oxidase is the result of assembly of the cytosolic components with cytochrome b(559) and can be mimicked in vitro by mixtures of membrane and cytosolic components exposed to an anionic amphiphile, serving as activator. We reported that prenylation of Rac1 endows it with the ability to support oxidase activation in conjunction with p67(phox) but in the absence of amphiphile and p47(phox). We now show the following 6 points. 1) The Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor Trio markedly potentiates oxidase activation by prenylated Rac1-GDP. 2) This occurs in the absence of exogenous GTP or any other source of GTP generation, demonstrating that the effect of Trio does not involve GDP to GTP exchange on Rac1. 3) Trio does not potentiate oxidase activation by prenylated Rac1-GTP, by nonprenylated Rac1-GDP in the presence or absence of amphiphile, and by a prenylated [p67(phox)-Rac1] chimera in GDP-bound form. 4) Rac1 mutants defective in the ability to bind Trio or to respond to Trio by nucleotide exchange fail to respond to Trio by enhanced oxidase activation. 5) A Trio mutant with conserved Rac1-binding ability but lacking nucleotide exchange activity fails to enhance oxidase activation. 6) The effect of Trio is mimicked by displacement of Mg(2+) from Rac1-GDP. These results reveal the existence of a novel mechanism of Rac activation by a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and suggest that the induction by Trio of a conformational change in Rac1, in the absence of nucleotide exchange, is sufficient for enhancing its effector function. (+info)

Ultra high-speed sorting. (4/64)

BACKGROUND: Cell sorting has a history dating back approximately 40 years. The main limitation has been that, although flow cytometry is a science, cell sorting has been an art during most of this time. Recent advances in assisting technologies have helped to decrease the amount of expertise necessary to perform sorting. METHODS: Droplet-based sorting is based on a controlled disturbance of a jet stream dependent on surface tension. Sorting yield and purity are highly dependent on stable jet break-off position. System pressures and orifice diameters dictate the number of droplets per second, which is the sort rate limiting step because modern electronics can more than handle the higher cell signal processing rates. RESULTS: Cell sorting still requires considerable expertise. Complex multicolor sorting also requires new and more sophisticated sort decisions, especially when cell subpopulations are rare and need to be extracted from background. High-speed sorting continues to pose major problems in terms of biosafety due to the aerosols generated. CONCLUSIONS: Cell sorting has become more stable and predictable and requires less expertise to operate. However, the problems of aerosol containment continue to make droplet-based cell sorting problematical. Fluid physics and cell viability restraints pose practical limits for high-speed sorting that have almost been reached. Over the next 5 years there may be advances in fluidic switching sorting in lab-on-a-chip microfluidic systems that could not only solve the aerosol and viability problems but also make ultra high-speed sorting possible and practical through massively parallel and exponential staging microfluidic architectures. (+info)

T2-TrpRS inhibits preretinal neovascularization and enhances physiological vascular regrowth in OIR as assessed by a new method of quantification. (5/64)

PURPOSE: A carboxyl-terminal fragment of tryptophan tRNA synthetase (T2-TrpRS) has demonstrated potent angiostatic activity during retinal developmental neovascularization in vivo. The effects of T2-TrpRS on pathologic neovascularization were tested and compared with a potent VEGF antagonist using the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were transiently exposed to hyperoxic conditions (75% O2) between postnatal day 7 (P7) and P12 and then returned to room air. Retinas were isolated, blood vessels stained with isolectin Griffonia simplicifolia, images of retinal whole-mounts acquired, and the area of vascular obliteration and extent of preretinal neovascularization quantified. This method was compared to the commonly used method of OIR quantification in which the number of pre-inner limiting membrane (ILM) nuclei is counted in serial sections of whole eyes. To assess the angiostatic activity of T2-TrpRS, mice were injected intravitreally at P12 with either T2-TrpRS, a VEGF aptamer, or vehicle (PBS) alone, and the effects on area of obliteration and on preretinal neovascular tuft formation were assessed. RESULTS: Using a modified method of quantification in the mouse OIR model based on images of isolectin-stained retinal wholemounts, we were able to assess reliably and consistently both vascular obliteration and preretinal neovascular tuft formation in the same specimen. T2-TrpRS demonstrated potent angiostatic activity, reducing the appearance of pathologic neovascular tufts by up to 90%. Surprisingly, T2-TrpRS also enhanced physiological revascularization of the obliterated retinal vasculature, reducing these areas by up to 60% compared with PBS-injected eyes. In contrast, the VEGF antagonist, while similarly reducing preretinal neovascular tuft formation, did not enhance revascularization of the obliterated areas. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a rapid, quantifiable method to assess the effect of T2-TrpRS on retinal angiogenesis in the OIR model demonstrates the importance of a quantification system that permits simultaneous analysis of a drug's effect on vascular obliteration as well as on preretinal neovascularization. The results obtained using this method suggest enhanced clinical value for compounds such as T2-TrpRS that not only inhibit pathologic neovascularization, but also facilitate physiological revascularization of ischemic tissue. (+info)

Peptide aptamer-mediated inhibition of target proteins by sequestration into aggresomes. (6/64)

Peptide aptamers (PAs) can be employed to block the intracellular function of target proteins. Little is known about the mechanism of PA-mediated protein inhibition. Here, we generated PAs that specifically bound to the duck hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein. Among them, PA34 strongly blocked duck HBV replication by inhibiting viral capsid formation. We found that PA34 led to a dramatic intracellular redistribution of its target protein into perinuclear inclusion bodies, which exhibit the typical characteristics of aggresomes. As a result, the core protein is efficiently removed from the viral life cycle. Corresponding findings were obtained for bioactive PAs that bind to the HBV core protein or to the human papillomavirus-16 (HPV16) E6 protein, respectively. The observation that PAs induce the specific sequestration of bound proteins into aggresomes defines a novel mechanism as to how this new class of intracellular inhibitors blocks the function of their target proteins. (+info)

Peptide aptamers that bind to a geminivirus replication protein interfere with viral replication in plant cells. (7/64)

The AL1 protein of tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV), a member of the geminivirus family, is essential for viral replication in plants. Its N terminus contains three conserved motifs that mediate origin recognition and DNA cleavage during the initiation of rolling-circle replication. We used the N-terminal domain of TGMV AL1 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a random peptide aptamer library constrained in the active site of the thioredoxin A (TrxA) gene. The screen selected 88 TrxA peptides that also bind to the full-length TGMV AL1 protein. Plant expression cassettes corresponding to the TrxA peptides and a TGMV A replicon encoding AL1 were cotransfected into tobacco protoplasts, and viral DNA replication was monitored by semiquantitative PCR. In these assays, 31 TrxA peptides negatively impacted TGMV DNA accumulation, reducing viral DNA levels to 13 to 64% of those of the wild type. All of the interfering aptamers also bound to the AL1 protein of cabbage leaf curl virus. A comparison of the 20-mer peptides revealed that their sequences are not random. The alignments detected seven potential binding motifs, five of which are more highly represented among the interfering peptides. One motif was present in 18 peptides, suggesting that these peptides interact with a hot spot in the AL1 N terminus. The peptide aptamers characterized in these studies represent new tools for studying AL1 function and can serve as the basis for the development of crops with broad-based resistance to single-stranded DNA viruses. (+info)

Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta1-induced signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by the Smad-binding peptide aptamer Trx-SARA. (8/64)

Overexpression of the inhibitory Smad, Smad7, is used frequently to implicate the Smad pathway in cellular responses to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling; however, Smad7 regulates several other proteins, including Cdc42, p38MAPK, and beta-catenin. We report an alternative approach for more specifically disrupting Smad-dependent signaling using a peptide aptamer, Trx-SARA, which comprises a rigid scaffold, the Escherichia coli thioredoxin A protein (Trx), displaying a constrained 56-amino acid Smad-binding motif from the Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein. Trx-SARA bound specifically to Smad2 and Smad3 and inhibited both TGF-beta-induced reporter gene expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in NMuMG murine mammary epithelial cells. In contrast to Smad7, Trx-SARA had no effect on the Smad2 or 3 phosphorylation levels induced by TGF-beta1. Trx-SARA was primarily localized to the nucleus and perturbed the normal cytoplasmic localization of Smad2 and 3 to a nuclear localization in the absence of TGF-beta1, consistent with reduced Smad nuclear export. The key mode of action of Trx-SARA was to reduce the level of Smad2 and Smad3 in complex with Smad4 after TGF-beta1 stimulation, a mechanism of action consistent with the preferential binding of SARA to monomeric Smad protein and Trx-SARA-mediated disruption of active Smad complexes. (+info)

... s are a kind of peptide Aptamers. When the term mimotope was first coined by Mario Geysen in 1986, it was used to ... It had 10716 peptides grouped into 1229 sets. These peptides were extracted from biopanning results of phage-displayed random ... However, this concept has been extended to refer peptide mimic of all types of binding sites. As the mimic of binding site, ... A mimotope is a macromolecule, often a peptide, which mimics the structure of an epitope. Because of this property it causes an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimotope

Davis JJ, Tkac J, Humphreys R, Buxton AT, Lee TA, Ko Ferrigno P (May 2009). "Peptide aptamers in label-free protein detection: ... Davis JJ, Tkac J, Laurenson S, Ko Ferrigno P (February 2007). "Peptide aptamers in label-free protein detection: 1. ... Stabilisation of the two peptides by the protein scaffold constrains the possible conformations that the peptides can take, ... "Design and validation of a neutral protein scaffold for the presentation of peptide aptamers". Journal of Molecular Biology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affimer

Known examples of smart ligands include DNA smart aptamers; however, RNA and peptide smart aptamers can also be developed. ... For example, a panel of DNA smart aptamers has been recently used to develop affinity analysis of proteins with ultra-wide ... Baaske P, Wienken CJ, Reineck P, Duhr S, Braun D (Feb 2010). "Optical Thermophoresis quantifies Buffer dependence of Aptamer ... Drabovich AP, Berezovski M, Okhonin V, Krylov SN (May 2006). "Selection of smart aptamers by methods of kinetic capillary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_ligand

December 2007). "Microarray-formatted clinical biomarker assay development using peptide aptamers to anterior gradient-2". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrett's_esophagus

Common address tags are monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, streptavidin or peptides. These targeting agents should ideally be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoparticle

... as in the case of aptamers, or from non-immunoglobulin protein scaffolds / peptide aptamers, into which hypervariable loops are ... 2005). "P. Design and validation of a neutral protein scaffold for the presentation of peptide aptamers". J Mol Biol. 352 (5): ... Within the protein scaffold there exist two variable peptide loops and a variable N-terminal sequence that provide a high ... PMID 24424458.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Ladner, R.C. (1995). "Constrained peptides as binding entities". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_antibody

"Selective inhibition of TGF-beta responsive genes by Smad-interacting peptide aptamers from FoxH1, Lef1 and CBP". Oncogene. 24 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOXH1

SPR imaging platform would be a good choice to characterize aptamer -protein interactions. To study the aptamer-protein ... One can find protein-protein interaction and on-chip peptide distribution with high spatial resolution using subjected ... The interaction of thrombin and the aptamer can be monitored on microarray in real-time during injections of thrombin at ... Daniel, C; Roupioz, Y; Gasparutti, D; Livache, T; Buhot, A (2013). "Solution-Phase vs Surface-Phase Aptamer-Protein Affinity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_plasmon_resonance_microscopy

... homogeneous pool of RNA aptamers can be produced. As such, RNA aptamers can be made to target small peptides and proteins, as ... RNA aptamers can be designed to act as antagonists, agonists, or so-called "RNA decoy aptamers." In the case of antagonists, ... For RNA decoy aptamers, the synthetic RNA aptamer resembles a native RNA molecule. As such, proteins(s) which bind to the ... Additionally, the term "aptamer" was coined by Andrew Ellington, who worked with Jack Szostak to select an RNA aptamer that was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_therapeutics

"Prevention of Carbon Nanohorn Agglomeration Using a Conjugate Composed of Comb-Shaped Polyethylene Glycol and a Peptide Aptamer ... Another example is the specific peptide functionalized SWNHs nanocomposite, which was used to fabricate an immunosensor towards ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-walled_carbon_nanohorn

"Microarray-formatted clinical biomarker assay development using peptide aptamers to anterior gradient-2". Biochemistry. 46 (48 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrett's_esophagitis

Furthermore, the company offers Aptamers, small DNA, RNA (or peptide) molecules that show the ability to bind to specific ... "United States Patent - Streptavidin-binding peptide and uses thereof". "United States Patent - Peptides with sequentially ... Aptamers have been widely used in medical and industrial fields. 1996 - Institut für Bioanalytik GmbH was founded by Herbert ... Ho, D.; Falter, K.; Severin, P.; Gaub, H. E. (2009). "DNA as a force sensor in an aptamer-based biochip for adenosine". Anal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBA_Lifesciences

Antibodies, streptavidin, peptides, DNA, nucleic acid aptamers, or small-molecule ligands can be used to target quantum dots to ... Among these materials are InP/ZnS, CuInS/ZnS, Si, Ge and C. Peptides are being researched as potential quantum dot material. ... Whaley SR, English DS, Hu EL, Barbara PF, Belcher AM (2000). "Selection of peptides with semiconductor binding specificity for ... Hauser, Charlotte A. E.; Zhang, Shuguang (2010). "Peptides as biological semiconductors". Nature. 468 (7323): 516-517. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot

US granted 8685372, Roger Y. Tsien; Quyen T. Nguyen & Michael Whitney, "Peptides and aptamers for targeting of neuron or nerves ... PhD pertaining to their invention of peptides, imaging systems and methods to support fluorescence-guided cancer tumor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quyen_T._Nguyen

... transforming growth factor-beta1-induced signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by the Smad-binding peptide aptamer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFYVE16

... es are often conceptually divided into two parts: an aptamer and an expression platform. The aptamer directly binds ... Two classes of glutamine riboswitches are known: the glnA RNA motif and Downstream-peptide motif. These classes are believed to ... as it contains contiguous dual aptamers. Though no longer shown to be cooperative, the cause of dual aptamers still remains ... of the relevant genes and the success of procedures to create artificial small molecule-binding RNAs called aptamers. In 2002, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboswitch

... and the design of new sustainable pesticides in the form of peptide aptamers and small molecules that would interfere with cell ... 3) Research on computational agriculture including plant disease biocontrol studying anti-bacterial peptides expressed on virus ... Synthetic Cyclic KTS Peptides as Novel Dual Antagonists of α1β1/α2β1 Integrins with Antiangiogenic Activity". In Momic, Tatjana ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoch_Senderowitz

DNA aptamers, which are peptides that have with specific target molecules that they search for, fold in response to the ... Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensor". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 131 (12): 4262-4266. doi:10.1021/ja806531z. ... Aptamer-Based Tracking of Circulating Therapeutic Agents in Living Animals". Science Translational Medicine. 5 (213): 213ra165 ... this field was initiated with monitoring of small-molecule cocaine levels in undiluted blood serum with electrochemical aptamer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_(biochemistry)

... aptamers, and antimicrobial peptides) to enhance the limits of detection for certain analytes. Segal has helped engineer hybrid ... "Rapid and label-free detection of protein a by aptamer-tethered porous silicon nanostructures". Journal of Biotechnology. ... "Whole-cell detection of live lactobacillus acidophilus on aptamer-decorated porous silicon biosensors". Analyst. 141 (18): 5432 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester_H._Segal

Likewise, Xiao Ma and others, have discussed the electrical control on the binding/unbinding of thrombin from aptamers ... Biointerface science is a multidisciplinary field in which biochemists who synthesize novel classes of biomolecules (peptide ... "Resolving electrical stimulus triggered molecular binding and force modulation upon thrombin-aptamer biointerface". Journal of ... "Electrical Stimulus Controlled Binding/Unbinding of Human Thrombin-Aptamer Complex". Scientific Reports. 6: 37449. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biointerface

... interaction mating and development of peptide aptamers) to detect and disrupt protein-protein interactions. In 1997, with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Brent

Antigenic peptide recognition on TAP was resolved by DNP-enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The conformational coupling and ... Furthermore, the guanine-sensing riboswitch-aptamer domain of the Bacillus subtilis xpt-pbuX operon, the Diels-Alderase ... Lehnert E, Mao J, Mehdipour AR, Hummer G, Abele R, Glaubitz C, Tampé R (2016). "Antigenic peptide recognition on the human ABC ... Thomas C, Tampé R (2017). "Structure of the TAPBPR-MHC I complex defines the mechanism of peptide loading and editing". Science ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_of_Excellence_Frankfurt_Macromolecular_Complexes

... in this method a peptide, antibody or aptamer are non-covalently bound to the enzyme at low temperature and inhibit its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_dimer

... aptamers and ribozymes. In 2015, Jain et. al. described a trans-acting DNA-based amphiphatic delivery system for convenient ... Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is an artificially synthesized polymer similar to DNA or RNA. Synthetic peptide nucleic acid ... Clicked peptide polymer Glycol nucleic acid Oligonucleotide synthesis Peptide synthesis Threose nucleic acid Nielsen PE, Egholm ... Zhao XL, Chen BC, Han JC, Wei L, Pan XB (November 2015). "Delivery of cell-penetrating peptide-peptide nucleic acid conjugates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_nucleic_acid

Ames TD, Breaker RR (January 2011). "Bacterial aptamers that selectively bind glutamine". RNA Biol. 8 (1): 82-89. doi:10.4161/ ... Downstream-peptide RNAs are found upstream of short open reading frames (ORFs) that are predicted to encode short peptides ( ... Possible candidates to be regulated by the Downstream-peptide motif are genes that frequently carry the Downstream-peptide ... and their structural similarity to Downstream-peptide RNAs in turn suggests that Downstream-peptide RNAs are also riboswitches ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downstream-peptide_motif

Aptamer Deoxyribozyme Anti-thrombin aptamers Bacterial one-hybrid system Hak-Hagir A (September 1978). "[The Hak-Hagir skin ... "Short bioactive Spiegelmers to migraine-associated calcitonin gene-related peptide rapidly identified by a novel approach: ... Aptamers have emerged as a novel category in the field of bioreceptors due to their wide applications ranging from biosensing ... If a good binding affinity for the selected aptamer is not a concern, then an excess of target can be used to increase the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_evolution_of_ligands_by_exponential_enrichment

DNA aptamers, which are peptides that have with specific target molecules that they search for, fold in response to the ... "Real-Time, Aptamer-Based Tracking of Circulating Therapeutic Agents in Living Animals". Science Translational Medicine. 5 (213 ... this field was initiated with monitoring of small-molecule cocaine levels in undiluted blood serum with electrochemical aptamer ... "Continuous, Real-Time Monitoring of Cocaine in Undiluted Blood Serum via a Microfluidic, Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensor" ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_

Reference peptides are printed on the slides to allow for protein quantification of the sample lysates. RPAs allow for the ... In this technique, a library of antibodies, aptamers or affibodies is arrayed on the support surface. These are used as capture ... The capture molecules arrayed on the solid surface may be antibodies, antigens, aptamers (nucleic acid-based ligands), ... Shin, DS; Kim, DH; Chung, WJ; Lee, YS (September 30, 2005). "Combinatorial solid phase peptide synthesis and bioassays". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_microarray

Like other aptamers, L-RNA aptamers are able to bind molecules such as peptides, proteins, and substances of low molecular ... L-RNA aptamers themselves have low antigenicity. In contrast to other aptamers, L-RNA aptamers have high stability in blood ... such as PEGylated L-RNA aptamers, show a prolonged plasma half-life. Unlike other aptamers, L-RNA aptamers are not directly ... L-RNA aptamers are a form of aptamers. Due to their L-nucleotides, they are highly resistant to degradation by nucleases. L-RNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-Ribonucleic_acid_aptamer

This would include the evolution of TNA aptamers that can bind to specific small molecule and protein targets, as well as the ... Abiogenesis Glycol nucleic acid Oligonucleotide synthesis Peptide nucleic acid Synthetic biology Xeno nucleic acid Xenobiology ... 140, 5706-5713, (2018). Rangel, A. E., Chen, Z., Ayele, T. M. & Heemstra, J. M. In vitro selection of an XNA aptamer capable of ... The availability of TNA polymerases have enabled the in vitro selection of biologically stable TNA aptamers to both small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threose_nucleic_acid

proapoptotic peptide against ANXA2 and prohibitin (Adipotide). *exotoxin against IL-2 (Denileukin diftitox) ... Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004. *Decoy receptors: LEVI-04 (p75NTR-Fc) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afatinib

Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004. *Decoy receptors: LEVI-04 (p75NTR-Fc) ... Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). *Pleiotrophin. *Renalase. *Thrombopoietin (see here instead) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDNF

... is a pegylated anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) aptamer, a single strand of nucleic acid that binds ... Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). *Pleiotrophin. *Renalase. *Thrombopoietin (see here instead) ... After the administration of the aptamer into rhesus monkeys, no toxic effects where exhibited. It was also noted that there was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegaptanib

The MeSH definition reads: "A well-characterized neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the ... Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004. *Decoy receptors: LEVI-04 (p75NTR-Fc) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2

Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004. *Decoy receptors: LEVI-04 (p75NTR-Fc) ... Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators. Cytokine receptor modulators. This article on a gene on human chromosome 1 is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EFNA4

... s should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but ... "Controlling uncertainty in aptamer selection". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxyribozyme

They are usually artificial peptides or proteins with a molar mass of about 3 to 20 kDa. Nucleic acids and small molecules are ... are connected to the variable domain of the heavy and light chain via a short linker peptide. The linker is rich in glycine, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

EGF was originally described as a secreted peptide found in the submaxillary glands of mice and in human urine. EGF has since ... Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004. *Decoy receptors: LEVI-04 (p75NTR-Fc) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor

... are neurotrophins which are released as biologically active uncleaved pro-peptides.[22] Unlike mature neurotrophins which bind ... Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004. *Decoy receptors: LEVI-04 (p75NTR-Fc) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotrophy

"Optical thermophoresis for quantifying the buffer dependence of aptamer binding". Angewandte Chemie. 49 (12): 2238-41. doi: ... Intercellular signaling peptides and proteins / ligands. Growth factors. *Epidermal growth factor. *Fibroblast growth factor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand_binding

Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004. *Decoy receptors: LEVI-04 (p75NTR-Fc) ... Intercellular signaling peptides and proteins / ligands. Growth factors. *Epidermal growth factor. *Fibroblast growth factor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EFNA5

Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004. *Decoy receptors: LEVI-04 (p75NTR-Fc) ... Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators. Cytokine receptor modulators. *. Molecular and Cellular Biology portal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RET_proto-oncogene

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NT-4

Allows construction of Cas9 complexes with protein binding cassettes, artificial aptamers, pools of random sequences as well as ... and inability to distinguish lncRNA function from other confounding factors like cryptically encoded peptides or functional DNA ... artificial aptamers and small molecules with varying size. While all the complexes were functional and viable, and successfully ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR-Display

Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004. *Decoy receptors: LEVI-04 (p75NTR-Fc) ... Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators. Cytokine receptor modulators. This biochemistry article is a stub. You can help ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GFRα

There is a debate about how long can HSP keep its peptide in extracellular space, at least for hsp70 the complex with peptide ... HSF1 inhibition by a potent RNA aptamer attenuates mitogenic (MAPK) signaling and induces cancer cell apoptosis.[34] ... This handing over with peptides is important, because HSPs can shield hydrophobic residues in peptides which would be otherwise ... and their peptide-binding sites were identified.[25] In the case of gp96 it is not clear whether it can bind peptides in vivo, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_shock_protein

Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004. *Decoy receptors: LEVI-04 (p75NTR-Fc) ... Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators. Cytokine receptor modulators. This protein-related article is a stub. You can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratinocyte_growth_factor

... aptamer). Some transcripts act as ribozymes and self-regulate their expression. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_regulation

between any kind of biomolecules[1] including proteins, DNA,[2] RNA,[3] peptides,[4] small molecules,[5] fragments[6] and ions ... "Optical thermophoresis for quantifying the buffer dependence of aptamer binding". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 49 (12): 1-5. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscale_thermophoresis

... (NTFs) are a family of biomolecules - nearly all of which are peptides or small proteins - that support ... Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004. *Decoy receptors: LEVI-04 (p75NTR-Fc) ... pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-3 (IL-3), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotrophic_factors

Heron SR, Wilson R, Shaffer SA, Goodlett DR, Cooper JM (May 2010). "Surface acoustic wave nebulization of peptides as a ... Superparamagnetic nanoparticles were immobilized with anti-IgE antibodies and fluorescently labeled aptamers to quantify IgE ... "High sensitive matrix-free mass spectrometry analysis of peptides using silicon nanowires-based digital microfluidic device". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_microfluidics

While DNA is the dominant material used, structures incorporating other nucleic acids such as RNA and peptide nucleic acid (PNA ... and aptamers, which can bind to specific proteins or small molecules. Structural DNA nanotechnology, sometimes abbreviated as ... Emerging applications of DNAzymes and aptamers". Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 17 (6): 580-588. doi:10.1016/j.copbio. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_nanotechnology

One experiment conducted at the University of Florida led to the production of an XNA aptamer by the AEGIS-SELEX (artificially ... Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) FANA (Fluoro Arabino nucleic acid) HNA could be used to potentially act as a drug that can recognize ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeno_nucleic_acid

Bioinformatics screening and molecular docking analyses were utilized to select high affinity peptides targeting ... translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP). Selected peptide aptamers were tested... ... Selected peptide aptamers were tested towards cancer cell lines with different levels of TCTP expression. One peptide (WGQWPYHC ... Cancer Fortilin Histamine releasing factor Leukemia Molecular docking Peptide aptamer TCTP This is a preview of subscription ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10637-016-0339-6

Divided conveniently into two distinct parts beginning with nucleic acid aptamers and ending with peptide aptamers, the volume ... Isolation of Peptide Aptamers to Target Protein Function Luisa Lopez-Ochoa, Tara E. Nash, Jorge Ramirez-Prado, Linda Hanley- ... Peptide Aptamers for Small Molecule Drug Discovery Carine Bardou, Christophe Borie, Marc Bickle, Brian B. Rudkin, Pierre Colas ... In Nucleic Acid and Peptide Aptamers: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers contribute state-of-the-art methods focused on ...

https://rd.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-59745-557-2

Functionalization of biomedical surfaces by peptide aptamers.. In: 27th European Conference on Biomaterials, 30 Aug - 3 Sep ... to increase the interaction of nano hydroxyapatite and titanium oxide using an organic interphase of peptides known as aptamers ... proteins and peptides. Some studies suggested that a second bioactive material should be deposited, sprayed or attracted to the ...

http://oro.open.ac.uk/46017/

... ... Here, we use a two hybrid approach to isolate from combinatorial libraries peptide aptamers that specifically interact with ... Our experiments argue that the variable region of this aptamer is structured, and that it functions by binding E2F with a motif ... These results show that cell proliferation can be inhibited using genetically-selected synthetic peptides that specifically ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10439043/?dopt=Abstract

Nano-hydroxyapatite deposition on titanium using peptide aptamers.. In: 14th Annual Conference of the UK Society for ... to increase the interaction of nano hydroxyapatite and titanium oxide using an organic interphase of peptides known as aptamers ... peptide chemistry; surface science; hydroxyapatite; titanium; surface engineering; surface chemistry; orthopaedics; surface ... proteins and peptides. Some studies suggested that a second bioactive material should be deposited, sprayed or attracted to the ...

http://oro.open.ac.uk/43753/

The peptide aptamer PA-2 was selected from pTRG-SN-peptides by bacterial two-hybrid system (B2H) employing pBT-SmpB or pBT-ArfA ... The peptide aptamer PA-2 was selected from pTRG-SN-peptides by bacterial two-hybrid system (B2H) employing pBT-SmpB or pBT-ArfA ... For identification of specific peptides that interact and inhibit the stalled-ribosome rescues, peptide aptamer library (pTRG- ... peptide aptamer library (pTRG-SN-peptides) was constructed using pTRG as vector and Staphylococcus aureus nuclease (SN) as ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01228/full

While previous research has shown aptamer-displaying PAMs enhance cell association, transportation to intracellular targets ... are a powerful platform technology for improving the delivery of therapeutic and prophylactic peptides. ... Therapeutic peptide delivery via aptamer-displaying, disulfide-linked peptide amphiphile micelles J. D. Smith, L. N. Cardwell, ... Peptide amphiphile micelles (PAMs) are a powerful platform technology for improving the delivery of therapeutic and ...

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/me/c9me00092e

FITC labelled Peptide Aptamers AP-308-F Endothelial Cells (P36), Peptide Aptamer, FITC labelled Peptide Aptamers AP-308-F ... Endothelial Cells (P36), Peptide Aptamer, FITC labelled. Peptide Aptamers. 5 mg. Contact Sales ... Peptide Aptamer, FITC labelled (Peptide Aptamers) A-Z Product Search ... Endothelial Cells (P36), Peptide Aptamer, FITC labelled. Catalog#. Product Description. Product Type. Antibody Type. Size. ...

http://genemedsyn.com/ccpc1004-11572-endothelial-cells-28p3629--peptide-aptamer--fitc-la-peptide-aptamers-ap-308-f.htm

23 a peptide aptamer able to specifically bind this particular antibody should mimic the HPA-1a antigen. Such a peptide aptamer ... A peptide aptamer library was screened using an anti-HPA-1a human monoclonal antibody as a bait to isolate an aptamer that ... Screening of the peptide aptamer library. To set up a new detection assay for antiHPA-1a antibodies, we screened a peptide ... A peptide aptamer specific for human anti-HPA-1a antibodies. We describe the isolation and characterization of a peptide ...

http://www.haematologica.org/content/97/5/696

Home , Papers , [EXPRESS] Primary sensory neuron-specific interference of TRPV1 signaling by AAV-encoded TRPV1 peptide aptamer ... EXPRESS] Primary sensory neuron-specific interference of TRPV1 signaling by AAV-encoded TRPV1 peptide aptamer attenuates ... EXPRESS] Primary sensory neuron-specific interference of TRPV1 signaling by AAV-encoded TRPV1 peptide aptamer attenuates ...

https://www.painresearchforum.org/papers/82426-express-primary-sensory-neuron-specific-interference-trpv1-signaling-aav-encoded-trpv1

ATW0026 Aptamer to Human Latency Associated Peptide TGF-beta is secreted by many cell types including macrophages in a latent ... form in which it is complexed with two other polypeptides latent TGF-beta binding protein LTBP and latency associated peptide ... ATW0026 - Latency Associated Peptide (LAP) Aptamer. Amount* (µg):. Please, select one. 25 100 ... ATW0026 Aptamer to Human Latency Associated Peptide TGF-beta is secreted by many cell types, including macrophages, in a latent ...

https://www.basepairbio.com/store/atw0026-latency-associated-peptide-lap-aptamer/

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.Ok ...

https://www.aptamergroup.co.uk/custom-development/targets/peptides-proteins/

2. The peptide aptamer expression cassette of claim 1, further comprising a promoter. 3. The peptide aptamer expression ... 1. A peptide aptamer expression cassette comprising a DNA sequence encoding a polyprotein that constrains a peptide aptamer by ... 0005] Peptide aptamers are short peptides of random amino acid sequences. As commonly used, these peptides are generally 15-20 ... Peptide aptamers and the methods to produce cassettes including the aptamers and manipulating them, are described. The peptide ...

http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20130203071

Treatment with the chemically-synthesized nucleolin aptamer-TAP siRNA conjugate represents a broadly-applicable approach to ... Administration of TAP siRNA conjugated to a broad-range tumor-targeting nucleolin aptamer inhibited tumor growth in multiple ... and induced the presentation of a TAP-independent peptide in human tumor cells. ... Aptamer-targeted siRNA downregulation of TAP in tumor cells. We first confirmed that the AS1411 nucleolin aptamer used in our ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11728-2?error=cookies_not_supported&code=27894247-33af-46c9-8965-68be8a0659d1

... ... social players for financial, additional, several and day-to-day view Nucleic Acid and Peptide Aptamers: Methods and Protocols ... learning the CAPTCHA s you are a simple and has you white view Nucleic Acid and Peptide Aptamers: to the community sample. ... This is Made view Nucleic Acid and Peptide Aptamers: Methods and Protocols and the co-operation holds enabled below chief. To ...

http://aprs-berchtesgaden.de/images/library.php?q=view-Nucleic-Acid-and-Peptide-Aptamers%3A-Methods-and-Protocols.html

Aptamer Labeling. An aptamer comprising an aldehyde is conjugated to the Al-F-18 NOTA thiosemicarbazide of Example 21. The F-18 ... Al was added to the peptide and its HPLC profile compared to the empty NOTA peptide and the Al-F-18 peptide. The Al peptide and ... Peptide Synthesis. The peptides were synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis using the Fmoc strategy. Groups were added to ... labeled peptide), two hours (77% labeled peptide) and four hours (76% labeled peptide) of incubation in human serum (not shown ...

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7563433.html

2.How to design? Aptamers are oligonucleic acid or peptide molecules that bind to a specific target molecule. Aptamers are ... Aptamer Aptamer More details Details How to Select? Classification Features What is Aptamer? What is RNA Scaffold? Things left ... Researches on aptamers have achieved much progress in biosensor, drug development and nano technology. Normally 25-60 nt. ... High affinity and specificity Aptamers are selected by SELEX(systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) in ...

https://prezi.com/dlpere2sxcxc/rna-scaffold-aptamer/

Peptide aptamers - artificial short peptides with specific binding affinity for target molecules - can be used to interfere ... Therefore, peptide aptamers have emerged as a new, powerful tool with high efficiency and specificity and wide applications in ... Peptide aptamers can also be applied to produce broad-spectrum viral resistance in plants. For example, based on the ... The authors further demonstrated that peptide aptamers can be extended to produce virus resistance in tomato (Solanum ...

https://www.scoop.it/topic/plantbiotech/p/4093808987/2018/02/06/milk-without-cows-commercialization-of-synthetic-dairy-products-in-the-works

https://www.scoop.it/topic/plantbiotech/p/4094907814/2018/03/02/bill-gates-gmo-foods-perfectly-healthy-could-reduce-starvation-and-malnutrition

The selected aptamer was an 86-nucleotide DNA molecule that bound to an epitope peptide of HER2 with a Kd of 18.9 nM. The ... Figure 1. Evaluation of HER2 in breast cancer with the aptamer HB5. (a) Binding profiles of the aptamer HB5 to HER2-positive ( ... we propose a novel IHC method using a newly developed DNA aptamer (HB5). The aptamer HB5 was shown to be capable of ... Novel HER2 aptamer selectively delivers cytotoxic drug to HER2-positive breast cancer cells in vitro. J Transl Med 2012; 10: ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/cmi201531?error=cookies_not_supported&code=79627e9a-6b47-4ca6-870f-e36c37c33778

The present invention provides an aptamer-based calorimetric sensor system for determining the presence and optionally the ... The aptamer 124 may be formed from deoxyribonucleotides, which may be natural, unnatural, or modified nucleic acids. Peptide ... After selecting an appropriate aptamer or aptamers in 120, a linker 128 is formed that includes the aptamer 124. In one aspect ... The aptamer selection 120 may provide one or more aptamers that demonstrate enhanced folding in the presence of the selected ...

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2007/0037171.html

Aptamers Market - Technology Trend Analysis By Applications - Therapeu...,Global,Aptamers,Market,Technology,Trend,Analysis, ... By Aptamer Type. - Nucleic acid aptamers. - Peptide aptamers. Key Topics Covered:. 1 Introduction. 2 Executive Summary. 3 ... the basics on nucleic acid aptamers, peptide aptamers and the SELEX method for their synthesis are also discussed. Research ... Aptamer Sciences Inc. - Aptamer Solutions Ltd. - Aptares AG. - Aptusbiotech. - Base Pair Biotechnologies. - Bioapter SL. - Cd ...

http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-technology-1/Global-Aptamers-Market-Technology-Trend-Analysis-Market-Report-2013-2018-3A-Therapeutics--Diagnostics--Biosensors--Biomarker-Drug-Discovery--26amp-3B--28507-1/

Therefore, aptamers that bind cell surface receptors have been exploited for the delivery of a variety of cargoes into cells. ... Therefore, relatively few aptamers have been generated that bind cell surface receptors. However, improvements in recombinant ... Several studies have demonstrated that aptamers that bind cell surface receptors may have functions other than just blocking ... This review focuses on recent progress and current challenges in the field of aptamer-mediated delivery. ...

http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/3/6/1761/htm

sr.o. offers the synthesis of peptides with the chain length from 2 to 40 amino acid moieties in demanded purity. The ... For the peptide synthesis the recent technologies in the art are used, like automatic peptide synthesizer, microwave device and ... s r.o. offers the synthesis of peptides with the chain length from 2 to 40 amino acid moieties in demanded purity. The ... Usual amount of synthetised peptide is 5 to 100 mg, by mutual consent up to 1g. ...

http://cebiotech.com/Vidia-spol-s-r-o,30/services/Synthetic-peptide-synthesis-and-aptamers-preparation,5

A2-binding Peptide Epitopes 9.1.3 Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Therapy 9.1.4 Aptamers 9.1.5 Tumor Suppressors 9.1 Vaccines ... aptamers and Immunotherapy [9] Writer and Curator: Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP This contribution has the following structure: ... including aptamer-drug conjugation, aptamer-nanoparticle conjugation, aptamer-mediated targeted gene therapy, aptamer-mediated ... Thus, this study utilized two aptamers, a 2′-fluoro modified RNA aptamer targeting PSMA-expressing cells and a DUP-1 peptide ...

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/05/12/vaccines-small-peptides-aptamers-and-immunotherapy-9/

Global aptamer market was valued at nearly US$1.0 bn in 2016 and is expected to expand with a CAGR of 20.0% over the forecast ... Aptamer Market Segmentation by Material Type - Nucleic acid Aptamer, Peptide Aptamer; Selection Technique Type - SELEX ... Based on material type the global aptamer market is segmented into nucleic acid aptamer and peptide aptamer. The material type ... Aptamer Market (Material - Nucleic acid Aptamer, Peptide Aptamer; Selection Technique - SELEX Technique and Others; Application ...

https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/aptamers-market.html

Aptamer-based Detection and Binding of Peptide-MHC. Cassian Yee, MD, MD Anderson Cancer Center ... Nucleic acid tools, called aptamers, can be used to study specific peptide-MHC complexes on tumor and non-tumor cells. ... The team has begun to select aptamers which can recognize the peptide fragment from the protein called NY-ESO-1. ... on immune cells are responsible for holding on to the peptides in such a way that T cells can recognize the peptides, and kill ...

https://www.aacr.org/professionals/research-funding/funded-research/independent-research-grants/su2c-sharp-awards/2018-su2c-sharp-awards/

Nucleic Acid Aptamers: Selection, Characterization, and Application has 2 available editions to buy at Alibris ... Nucleic Acid Aptamers: Selection, Characterization, and Application by Gunter Mayer (Editor) starting at $109.96. ... Nucleic Acid and Peptide Aptamers: Methods and Protocols. by Gunter Mayer Starting at $72.57 ... This volume provides protocol references covering recent developments in the aptamer field. Within the last decade, aptamers ...

https://www.alibris.com/Nucleic-Acid-Aptamers-Selection-Characterization-and-Application/book/39016989

... J. Piccoli, R. Hein, A. H. El-Sagheer ... Herein we directly integrate receptive aptamers into a redox charging peptide support in enabling a label-free low picomolar ...

http://browngroupnucleicacidsresearch.org.uk/papers/view/344/Redox-Capacitive-Assaying-of-C-Reactive-Protein-at-a-Peptide-Supported-Aptamer-Interface

... peptides; aptamers; nucleic acid molecules (including, but not limited to, single stranded RNA or single-stranded DNA, or ... Aptamers can be made using methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,789,157 (herein incorporated by reference). Lectins, and ... aptamer, a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., RNA, DNA, hybrids, single stranded, double stranded, synthetic, oligonucleotides, etc ... protein or peptide or nucleic acid molecule) for a desired sequence ("combinatorial analysis"), and the like. ...

http://www.google.es/patents/US6548171

Design and Methods Peptide aptamer was used to detect and identify HPA-1a-specific antibodies in human serum that do not require human platelets. (haematologica.org)
Indeed, the peptide aptamer technology allows specific peptide ligands to be isolated for any given protein or domain, including antibodies. (haematologica.org)
Please note that aptamers have much lower molecular weights than antibodies. (basepairbio.com)
Aptamers existed alongside antibodies for two decades, but their market potential was not utilized to even a fraction of the same degree. (bio-medicine.org)
The list of promising aptamers in the clinical trials pipeline estimates that these synthetic chemical antibodies will soon surpass monoclonal antibodies in therapeutics, diagnosis, and imaging. (bio-medicine.org)
With technological merits over antibodies, the aptamers market is poised to grow at par with antibodies in the next 10-15 years. (bio-medicine.org)
In contrast to antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that inhibit translation of proteins by Watson-Crick base-pairing to their respective messenger RNAs, aptamers bind to existing proteins (and, less commonly, non-protein targets) with high affinity and specificity, analogous to monoclonal antibodies. (mdpi.com)
Aptamers are developed from more reliable procedures than the manufacture of monoclonal antibodies. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
Aptamer can be used as alternative to antibodies for various application. (openpr.com)
Moreover, lack of universal rules for the application of aptamers in bioassays, which is well established when working with antibodies, restrains growth of global aptamer market. (openpr.com)
Aptamers are faster than antibodies in developing themselves and hence can help in curing the disease faster. (emailwire.com)
Several reports have also described antinuclear antibodies cross-reacting with peptide self-antigens and depositing in the brain, kidneys, and skin [ 5 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
In mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus, attempts were made to block the function of these cross-reacting antibodies using peptide aptamers, derived either from their cognate peptide self-antigens or from phage display libraries [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Another viable approach to block antinuclear antibodies might be to use DNA aptamers, given the high-affinity of these antibodies for DNA and evidence of nucleotide base specificity. (hindawi.com)
But this approach has clearly been underexplored, perhaps due to the lack of reports on the feasibility of developing DNA aptamers to block the function of specific antibodies. (hindawi.com)
The other factors such as advancement in aptamer selection technologies coupled with various advantages of aptamers over monoclonal antibodies will further drive the market growth. (mynewsdesk.com)
Our results show that peptide aptamers bear some analogies with monoclonal antibodies, with the advantages that they are isolated together with their coding genes, that their small size should allow their structures to be solved, and that they are designated to function inside cells. (wustl.edu)
In the past 30 to 40 years, synthesis technology has significantly improved to allow the development of a wide variety of polymers, and the application of functional molecules such as aptamers 5 and single-chain antibodies 6 has improved performance. (titech.ac.jp)
The protocols described range from well-established methods that have been used for a decade to generate high affinity antibodies, which are already in the clinic, to methods that are in their early stages of application such as display of peptides incorporating non-canonical amino acids. (springer.com)
Aptamer Group is a UK-based biotechnology company developing aptamers, nucleic acid molecules with affinity and selectivity for a specified target, as an alternative to antibodies. (onenucleus.com)
Aptamers can be used as pharmaceutical leads, detection reagents, functional proteomic levels with antibodies, and small molecules. (prsync.com)
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of receptor probes comprise biomimetics selected from the group consisting of molecular imprint antibodies, DNA-based aptamers, PNA, cyclodextrixis and dendrimers. (google.com)
Antibodies and aptamers are preselected and appropriately prepared for radiolabeling procedures. (nih.gov)
Validated and well characterized affinity capture reagents ( e.g. antibodies, aptamers, and affibodies) will play a key role in proteomics research platforms for the prevention, early detection, treatment, and monitoring of cancer. (mcponline.org)
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) 1 convened the "Proteomic Technologies Reagents Resource Workshop" in Chicago, IL on December 12-13, 2005 to identify the cancer research community's expressed needs for validated and well characterized affinity capture reagents ( e.g. antibodies, aptamers, and affibodies) to advance proteomics research platforms for the prevention, early detection, treatment, and monitoring of cancer. (mcponline.org)
You may already be familiar with peptides or proteins, such as antibodies, that bind to specific molecules. (mit.edu)
Like monoclonal antibodies, aptamers offer both selectivity and affinity for specific targets. (cambio.co.uk)
Unlike antibodies, aptamers can be selected for specific binding to poorly immunogenic and toxic compounds. (cambio.co.uk)

High affinity and specificity Aptamers are selected by SELEX(systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) in vitro. (prezi.com)
A novel HER2 aptamer (HB5) has recently been developed using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment technology (SELEX). (nature.com)
SELEX products were named 'aptamers,' which are single-stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides that bind with high affinity to specific targets such as proteins, small molecules, nucleic acids and cells. (nature.com)
As well as a discussion on the properties of aptamers in the technological analysis, the basics on nucleic acid aptamers, peptide aptamers and the SELEX method for their synthesis are also discussed. (bio-medicine.org)
On the basis of the selection technique, the market is segmented into the SELEX technique and other techniques (X-aptamer and MARAS technique). (transparencymarketresearch.com)
Among these, SELEX technique is expected to account for the leading share in the global market for aptamer over the forecast period from 2017 to 2025. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
This growth is attributable to the advancement of the techniques such as CE-SELEX and M-SELEX which helps to overcome some of the limitations in the other procedures for selection of aptamers. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
The procedure commonly used for the selection of aptamers for a specific target molecule is known as SELEX process. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
SELEX technique is likely to get boost for the modification of existing SELEX process, and available of the new updated SELEX technique like CE-SELEX, M- SELEX etc. which overcome the certain limitation for aptamer selection. (openpr.com)
Such aptamers can be isolated from combinatorial libraries by SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) [ 3 ]. (mdpi.com)
Generated by Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX), aptamers are short synthetic oligonucleotides, either DNA or RNA, that specifically bind target molecule(s) with high specificity due to their specific and complex three-dimensional shape comprised stems, loops, bulges, hairpins, pseudoknots, triplexes, and quadraplexes [ 12 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Using SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment), we serendipitously discovered a ssDNA aptamer that binds selectively to the anti-FLAG M2 antibody. (hindawi.com)
These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using SELEX to develop ssDNA aptamers that block the function of a specific antibody, a capability that could lead to the development of novel therapeutic modalities for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases. (hindawi.com)
Normally aptamers can be generated by the aptamer selection process known as SELEX process. (mynewsdesk.com)
Several modifications of the SELEX procedure have been introduced to improve aptamer selectivity or to reduce selection time. (mynewsdesk.com)
Subtractive SELEX, automated SELEX and atomic force microscopy-SELEX are some of the modified SELEX processes available for aptamer selection with desired features. (mynewsdesk.com)
Generally, aptamers can be artificially generated in vitro by a process commonly referred to as SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) [ 18 ], which consists of several repeated rounds of binding, partition, and amplification [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In SELEX experiments, aptamers are identified for their abilities to bind a protein of interest from libraries containing up to 10 16 different RNA or DNA sequences [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Because SELEX typically takes several rounds to isolate target-binding aptamers, you will start with a known aptamer mixture rather than than a completely random library. (mit.edu)
The immense diversity in function and structure of nucleic acids enable numerous aptamers to be generated through an iterative in vitro selection technique known as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX). (scirp.org)
More complex aptamer identification methods, using whole cancer cells (Cell-SELEX), may identify novel targets and aptamers to affect them. (scirp.org)
Nucleic acid aptamers are engineered through SELEX or in vitro selection. (antibodies-online.com)

Aptamers are synthetic nucleic acid-based affinity ligands that are isolated based on their ability to bind specifically and with high affinity to a given target. (2bscientific.com)
Nucleic acid aptamers are short, single-stranded RNAs and DNAs that represent high-affinity and highly selective ligands for different targets, ranging from large proteins to peptides, nucleotides, drugs and small compounds, and even metal ions. (mdpi.com)
One area of interest is high-diversity polymer libraries, including aptamers and peptides, which can be screened to identify high-affinity cancer ligands. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
A significant proportion of these oligonucleotides display G-quadruplex structures, particularly for DNA aptamers, that enable molecular recognition of their ligands. (eurekaselect.com)
Here, we review DNA G-quadruplex aptamers and their ligands from a structural and functional perspective. (eurekaselect.com)

The titanium oxide layer plays an important role on the surface of Ti allowing deposition of biomaterials, cells, proteins and peptides. (open.ac.uk)
A major problem in drug delivery is the effective absorption of high molecular weight material such as proteins and peptides across biological membranes. (google.es)
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that can bind to pre-selected targets including proteins and peptides with high affinity and specificity. (cambio.co.uk)

Aptamers are oligonucleic acid or peptide molecules that bind to a specific target molecule. (prezi.com)
[0004] Aptamers are nucleic or amino acid macromolecules that may he designed to bind tightly to specific targets. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
Therefore, relatively few aptamers have been generated that bind cell surface receptors. (mdpi.com)
Several studies have demonstrated that aptamers that bind cell surface receptors may have functions other than just blocking receptor-ligand interactions. (mdpi.com)
Therefore, aptamers that bind cell surface receptors have been exploited for the delivery of a variety of cargoes into cells. (mdpi.com)
First, most aptamers bind to targets with high affinity, demonstrating typical dissociation constants in the pico- to nanomolar range. (mdpi.com)
Aptamers are oligonucleotides that bind to target lipid, protein, or nucleic acid molecules with a high specificity. (emailwire.com)
Aptamers are able to bind a wide variety of targets from divalent metal ions, small organic molecules, proteins, and cells [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Aptamers specifically bind to a range of micromolar to macromolar molecular targets. (mynewsdesk.com)
We report here the expression of a combinatorial library of constrained 20-residue peptides displayed by the active-site loop of Escherichia coli thioredoxin, and the use of a two-hybrid system to select those that bind human Cdk2. (wustl.edu)
First, both Downstream-peptide RNAs and glnA RNAs selectively bind glutamine. (wikipedia.org)
Here we present a platform where short unstructured peptides that bind to a desired target are selected using M13 phage display. (ebscohost.com)
Aptamers are single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) oligonucleotides, which are able to bind their target with high selectivity and affinity. (smw.ch)
Aptamers are DNA, RNA or peptide molecules that bind to specific molecular targets. (thehindubusinessline.com)
Short fragments of RNA - called RNA aptamers - can have secondary structures that also allow them to bind a target molecule with good affinity and specificity. (mit.edu)
Their aptamer, artificially evolved to bind tightly to the gp120 molecule on the surface of HIV, interrupts cell infection by the virus by itself. (sciencemag.org)
Debora MacKenzie , New Scientist , 6 Oct. 2006 Aptamers … are isolated by … the repetitive screening of large pools of randomized molecules for those that bind best to a target. (merriam-webster.com)

Nanoparticles that are suitable for detection and loading with drugs can be directed to the site of their action by use of the affinity and specificity of aptamers, which are conjugated to the nanoparticles or fixed on their surface. (smw.ch)
X-aptamers incorporate chemically modified nucleotides and DNA backbones to achieve a greater range of possible targets or increase affinity and specificity. (antibodies-online.com)

In Nucleic Acid and Peptide Aptamers: Methods and Protocols , expert researchers contribute state-of-the-art methods focused on these two vital molecule types which are so often employed for in vitro selection procedures. (springer.com)
The selected aptamer was an 86-nucleotide DNA molecule that bound to an epitope peptide of HER2 with a K d of 18.9 nM. (nature.com)
However, lack of regulatory guidelines on molecule development and some of the unfavorable characteristics of the aptamers are hampers growth of the market. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
For example, there is no formal regulatory guideline that can satisfactorily address the quality and safety of aptamer molecule. (mynewsdesk.com)
In this work CUR-NPs (curcumin-loaded lipid-polymer-lecithin hybrid nanoparticles) were synthesized and functionalized with ribonucleic acid (RNA) Aptamers (Apts) against epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) for targeted delivery to colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. (dovepress.com)
a short segment of DNA, RNA, or peptide that binds to a specific molecular target (such as a protein) This aptamer works by binding and blocking a major molecule involved in the body's blood-clotting reaction, called thrombin. (merriam-webster.com)

They called these RNA sequences-and later similarly behaving and selected single-stranded DNA molecules [ 2 ]-aptamers. (mdpi.com)
Aptamers are chemically synthesized single stranded oligonucleotides that are used to inhibit variety of target proteins and antigens. (mynewsdesk.com)
Aptamers, first reported by Ellington and Gold in 1990 [ 1 , 2 ], are single stranded DNA/RNA molecules or peptide molecules [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Aptamers are single stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides whose three-dimensional structures are dictated by their sequences. (scirp.org)
One method being developed is to tether short (typically 25-nucleotide) single-stranded deoxyribo (DNA) or peptide (PNA) nucleic acid chains to the gate area of the transistor to act as bait for capturing nucleic acids with the complementary sequence. (umd.edu)

Peptide amphiphile micelles (PAMs) are a powerful platform technology for improving the delivery of therapeutic and prophylactic peptides. (rsc.org)
To assess their enhanced intracellular delivery capacity and therapeutic functionality, PAMs bearing cell-penetrating peptide modified "Plenty of SH3 domains" scaffold protein competitive inhibitor (Tat-POSH) and B cell lymphoma targeting aptamer (C10.36) were incubated with Ramos cells, a non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell line. (rsc.org)
C10.36∼A/PAMs were found not only to be stable in blood-like conditions, but also to be capable of facilitating delivery of therapeutic Tat-POSH peptide to Ramos cells in vitro . (rsc.org)
Aptamers are a class of therapeutic oligonucleotides that form specific three-dimensional structures that are dictated by their sequences. (mdpi.com)
In order to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the aptamer-siRNA, we increased the valency of the construct by rational design. (eurekaselect.com)
The binding aptamers can be attached to a variety of therapeutic compounds for targeted drug delivery. (onenucleus.com)
Aptamer-protein interacting pairs play a variety of physiological functions and therapeutic potentials in organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
What's more, aptamers have a potential in cancer diagnosis and developing target-based therapeutic drugs delivery to cancer cells, which can reduce side effects of most chemotherapeutic drugs [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
December 2017: The Caris Life Sciences identified new mechanism of action for an aptamer with therapeutic potential to treat non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (prsync.com)
The present invention is directed to a therapeutic composition in which human PDGF is bound directly to peptides that self assemble into a biologically compatible gel. (google.com)
The dual-function aptamer avoided another problem often found with therapeutic RNAs: No interferon responses were generated, indicating that the chimera was not causing an immune reaction. (sciencemag.org)
Iso lated aptamers may directly inhibit the function of target proteins, or they can also be formulated for use as delivery agents for other therapeutic or imaging cargoes. (scirp.org)
This review focuses on recent advances in the use of nucleic acid aptamers as diagnostic and therapeutic agents and as targeted delivery carriers that are relevant to lymphoma. (scirp.org)
K. Shum, J. Zhou and J. Rossi, "Nucleic Acid Aptamers as Potential Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents for Lymphoma," Journal of Cancer Therapy , Vol. 4 No. 4, 2013, pp. 872-890. (scirp.org)
J. Zhou and J. J. Rossi, "The Therapeutic Potential of Cell-Internalizing Aptamers," Current topics in Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 9. (scirp.org)
Our present data suggest that continuous administration of AGEs-aptamer could protect against experimental diabetic nephropathy by blocking the AGEs-RAGE axis and may be a feasible and promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
He and others have applied these PSMA-targeting aptamers to deliver various therapeutic and imaging packages to prostate cancer cells and tumors. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Therapeutic and analytical applications of DNA G-quadruplex aptamers are also discussed. (eurekaselect.com)

While previous research has shown aptamer-displaying PAMs enhance cell association, transportation to intracellular targets still remains a substantial hurdle for these biomaterials. (rsc.org)
Aptamers can be engineered to have higher specificity and affinity for number of targets. (emailwire.com)
In the capture assay applications, aptamers are applied for the purification of their corresponding targets for a wide variety of purposes [ 11 , 27 , 28 ]. (hindawi.com)
Ulrich Wullner, Inga Neef, Andreas Eller, Michael Kleines, Mehmet Kemal Tur and Stefan Barth, " Cell-Specific Induction of Apoptosis by Rationally Designed Bivalent Aptamer-siRNA Transcripts Silencing Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2", Current Cancer Drug Targets (2008) 8: 554. (eurekaselect.com)
These data indicate that the AGR2 pathway can be targeted with peptide-aptamers resulting in p53 stabilization and highlight the utility of linking clinical proteomics to combinatorial peptide chemistry to rapidly discover and validate uncharacterized proteins as potential anti-cancer drug targets. (ed.ac.uk)
Figure 1 depicts the structures of two aptamers binding to specific targets. (biomedcentral.com)
Highly specific and tight-binding nucleic acid aptamers have been selected against a variety of molecular targets for over 20 years. (eurekaselect.com)
We compare the diversity of DNA G-quadruplex aptamers selected against multiple ligand targets, and consider structure with a particular focus on dissecting the thrombin binding aptamer - thrombin interaction. (eurekaselect.com)
Aptamers antagonise their lncRNA targets by blocking the interactions between lncRNAs and critical factors. (els.net)

However, the diagnostics segment accounted for the 30% share of the global aptamer market in 2016. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
As key players introduce their new aptamer services for different application in developed markets such a North America and Western Europe, these regions are likely to account for dominating share of the global aptamer market. (openpr.com)

Though there are just approximately 60 companies (biotech and pharmaceutical) working on aptamers, there are quite a number of research groups focused on the diverse applications of aptamers, particularly in studying key target molecules involved in cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and against viral antigens. (bio-medicine.org)
Here, we present a brief survey of the use of aptamers in signaling pathways, in particular of polypeptide growth factors, starting with the published as well as potential applications of aptamers targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor signaling. (mdpi.com)
Due to the physiological functions and practical applications of aptamers, designing aptamers binding to certain interested proteins is crucial to gain insight into mechanisms of aptamer-protein interacting pairs and develop aptamer-based therapies for various diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

Demands for new diagnostic assay and increasing research activity in emerging markets such as China and Japan is likely to boost growth of Asia Pacific aptamer market at a CAGR of around 21.0% from 2017 to 2025. (openpr.com)
Herein we directly integrate receptive aptamers into a redox charging peptide support in enabling a label-free low picomolar analytical assay for C-reactive protein with a sensitivity that significantly exceeds that attainable with an analogous antibody interface. (browngroupnucleicacidsresearch.org.uk)
Analogous to the point-of-care diagnostics, there is no doubt that aptamers can also be deployed in the point-of-care aptamer-based decontamination assay, whereby decontamination can be performed anywhere and anytime for instantaneous decision-making. (hindawi.com)
Apart from biosensing application, aptamers have also been the subject in the aptamer-based capture assay. (hindawi.com)
The present review seeks to present an overview of the more narrowed context of the aptamer-based capture assay, which is on the usage of the aptamer in the decontaminating process or simply abbreviated as apta-decontamination assay. (hindawi.com)
Several aspects of the apta-decontamination assay will be deliberated, which encompasses the functionalization of the aptamer to the usage of the aptamer in decontaminating environment, food sample, and in in vivo application. (hindawi.com)
Reusability of the aptamer and the development of point-of-care apta-decontamination assays are explored before envisaging the potential future trend of the apta-decontamination assay. (hindawi.com)
The peptide inhibits Lmo2 function in a mouse T-cell tumor transplantation assay by preventing Lmo2-dependent T-cell neoplasia. (ox.ac.uk)
To address these problems, the researchers have now developed two DNA aptamer-based tests - Aptamer Linked Immobilized Sorbent Assay (ALISA) and Electrochemical Sensor (ECS) for detection of a bacterial protein in the sputum. (thehindubusinessline.com)
An aptamer-based dot blot assay is more robust and can be designed for point-of-care clinical testing and on-site environmental and industrial analysis. (cambio.co.uk)
While antibody-based immunoassays have proven to be very sensitive and specific, there are some limitations which can be overcome with the ELASA, or Enzyme-Linked Aptamer Sorbent Assay. (cambio.co.uk)

The two-year agreement will give AstraZeneca use of Aptamer Group's proprietary technology to explore the feasibility of developing the next generation of drug delivery vehicles, called Aptamer Drug Conjugates (ApDCs). (onenucleus.com)
Because of their target affinity, aptamers can direct the transport of aptamer-nanoparticle conjugates. (smw.ch)
The binding of the aptamers to the target "anchors" the nanoparticle-aptamer conjugates at their site of action. (smw.ch)

Aptamer affinity chromatography has been used to purify small molecules, proteins, and even for cell separation. (cambio.co.uk)

Administration of TAP siRNA conjugated to a broad-range tumor-targeting nucleolin aptamer inhibited tumor growth in multiple tumor models without measurable toxicity, was comparatively effective to vaccination against prototypic mutation-generated neoantigens, potentiated the antitumor effect of PD-1 antibody or Flt3 ligand, and induced the presentation of a TAP-independent peptide in human tumor cells. (nature.com)
The nucleolin aptamer used in our study as prototype of tumor-targeting ligand, exhibits specificity to a broad range of tumor cells of both murine and human origin, and was used to target biological agents to tumor cells in mice 17 . (nature.com)
A new method of labeling peptides and proteins with F-18 via a metal ligand" Abstract #384, J Nucl Med. (freepatentsonline.com)
A new method of labeling peptides and proteins with F-18 via a metal ligand", Power Point Presentation, 55th SNM Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, Jun. (freepatentsonline.com)
A New Method of Labeling Peptides with F-18 Via a Metal Ligand" Abstract #68, 19th Winter Fluorine Conference (Jan. 11-16, 2009) Abstract Book, p. 32. (freepatentsonline.com)
A New Method of Labeling Peptides with F-18 Via a Metal Ligand" PowerPoint Presentation, 19th Winter Fluorine Conference, St. Pete Beach, FL, Jan. 13, 2009. (freepatentsonline.com)

Transparency Market Research, a leading U.S based market research firm analyses the global market for aptamers and estimates the CAGR of 73.1% for the period 2013 - 2019. (mynewsdesk.com)

Global Aptamers Market Technology Trend Analysis Market Report 2013-2018: Therapeutics, Diagnostics, Biosensors, Biomarker/Drug Discovery & Ap. (bio-medicine.org)
Middle East and Africa Aptamers Market by type - (Peptide aptamers, Nucleic Acid aptamers (DNA-Based Aptamers, RNA-Based Aptamers, and XNA-Based Aptamers)), by Application - (Therapeutics Development, Diagnostics, Research and Development), by End users. (emailwire.com)
Aptamer technology applies in number of areas such as diagnostics, food safety, research applications and therapeutics in number of industrial sectors like pharmaceutical, research laboratories and biotechnology. (mynewsdesk.com)
The results presented here demonstrate the usefulness of multivalent aptamer-based delivery vehicles for siRNA therapeutics. (eurekaselect.com)
The launch of Macugen, the first aptamer drug and first diagnostic test for testing mycotoxins in grains has acknowledged the potential of aptamers in diagnostics and therapeutics. (prsync.com)
Understanding DNA G-quadruplex aptamers carries implications not only for therapeutics and diagnostics, but also in the natural biochemistry of guanine-rich nucleic acids. (eurekaselect.com)

The report suggests that surge in interest of research activity in the field of aptamer technology is likely to spur the demand of aptamer in the coming years (2017 to 2025). (openpr.com)

Bioinformatics screening and molecular docking analyses were utilized to select high affinity peptides targeting translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP). (springer.com)
One peptide (WGQWPYHC) revealed specific cytotoxicity according to the TCTP expression in tumor cells without affecting normal cells. (springer.com)
Treatment with the chemically-synthesized nucleolin aptamer-TAP siRNA conjugate represents a broadly-applicable approach to increase the antigenicity of tumor lesions and thereby enhance the effectiveness of immune potentiating therapies. (nature.com)
With the aim of developing a clinically translatable and broadly applicable approach to induce TAP deficiency-induced neoantigens in tumor cells in vivo, we used siRNA to downregulate TAP that was targeted to murine and human tumor cells by conjugation to a broad-range nucleolin-binding oligonucleotide aptamer. (nature.com)
One possible approach is the use of aptamers to deliver siRNAs selectively to tumor cells with appropriate antigens displayed on the surface. (eurekaselect.com)
With the help of the nuclear location signal peptide and AS1411 aptamer with specific affinity for nucleolin in the tumor cell membrane and nuclei, the delivery vector can specifically deliver the plasmid to the nuclei of tumorous cells for knocking out the protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2) gene to down-regulate focal adhesion kinase (FAK). (usda.gov)
Prostate-targeted radiosensitization via aptamer-shRNA chimeras in human tumor xenografts. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

[0005] Peptide aptamers are short peptides of random amino acid sequences. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
s r.o. offers the synthesis of peptides with the chain length from 2 to 40 amino acid moieties in demanded purity. (cebiotech.com)
A 37-amino acid peptide derived from the calcitonin gene. (jove.com)

They can additionally include organic dyes for optical detection, just as functional groups for their conjugation with aptamers [52, 61]. (smw.ch)
In another aptamer-based dot blot, conjugation of aptamers to gold nanoparticles enabled visualization of a protein target without instrumentation. (cambio.co.uk)

Several unique properties of aptamers make them attractive tools for use in a wide array of molecular biology applications and, moreover, as potential pharmaceutical agents. (mdpi.com)
Aptamers are special class of molecules that combine the advantages of both low molecular weight and protein molecules. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
1. A drug delivery composition which is suitable for transmucosal delivery and which comprises a plurality of microspheres adapted to gel in contact with the mucosal surface and active drug associated with each microsphere, the composition being substantially free of an enhancer, characterised in that the drug is for systemic delivery and is a peptide having a maximum molecular weight of 6000, and the microspheres comprise starch, gelatin, collagen or dextran. (google.es)
9. A drug delivery composition according to claim 1 wherein the peptide has a molecular weight of at least 1000. (google.es)
Molecular modeling and SPRi investigations of interleukin 6 (IL6) protein and DNA aptamers). (ncat.edu)
Membrane partitioning of peptide aggregates: coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. (nih.gov)
By covering the full spectrum of topics relevant to peptide drugs, this timely handbook serves as an introductory reference for both drug developers and biomedical researchers interested in pharmaceutically active peptides, presenting both the advantages and challenges associated with this molecular class. (researchandmarkets.com)

Downstream-peptide RNAs are found upstream of short open reading frames (ORFs) that are predicted to encode short peptides (usually between 17 and 100 amino acids). (wikipedia.org)

A peptide aptamer library was screened using an anti-HPA-1a human monoclonal antibody as a bait to isolate an aptamer that mimics the human platelet antigen HPA-1a. (haematologica.org)
The DNA aptamer and FLAG peptide competed for binding to the antigen-binding pocket of the M2 antibody. (hindawi.com)
In addition, the aptamer eluted FLAG-tagged proteins from the antibody, suggesting a commercial application in protein purification. (hindawi.com)
In some cases, the peptide aptamer competitively associated with the antinuclear autoantibodies, thereby preventing antibody-mediated tissue damage [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
High-frequency impedance biosensors with nanometer gaps have been prepared for the detection of biomolecular interactions such as protein-antibody and protein-aptamer binding. (ebscohost.com)

Diagnostics segment, accounted for more than 30.0% share of global aptamer market in 2016, in terms of value. (openpr.com)
This review article gives a brief overview of recent relevant research into aptamers and trends in their use in cancer diagnostics and therapy. (smw.ch)
The main part of the article is dedicated to current developments of aptamer-modified nanoparticles and their use in cancer diagnostics and treatment. (smw.ch)

So, the global market for aptamers is expected to raise, backed by technological advancements with respect to selection processes and synthesis. (prsync.com)

For identification of specific peptides that interact and inhibit the stalled-ribosome rescues, peptide aptamer library (pTRG-SN-peptides) was constructed using pTRG as vector and Staphylococcus aureus nuclease (SN) as scaffold protein, in which 16 random amino acids were introduced to form an exposed surface loop. (frontiersin.org)
The peptide aptamer cassettes are useful to, e.g., inhibit protein function such as proteins necessary for the transformation of plants, or to replicate cells. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
8. A method to inhibit at least one specific target protein function by binding the peptide aptamer expression cassette of claim 1 to the target protein. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

Here, we use a two hybrid approach to isolate from combinatorial libraries peptide aptamers that specifically interact with E2Fs DNA binding and dimerization domains. (nih.gov)
Many signalling proteins function by binding to linear domains and combinatorial peptide libraries facilitate lead identification for validating a potential drug target. (ed.ac.uk)
These peptides were extracted from biopanning results of phage-displayed random peptide libraries reported in 571 papers. (wikipedia.org)

11. A method to generate a phenotype, the method comprising using the peptide expression cassette of claim 1 and using target independent assays to detect the phenotype. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
Research applications are specifically discussed regarding aptamers use in flow cytometry, reagents and assays, mass spectrometry and western blotting. (bio-medicine.org)
The binding specificity and affinity of aptamers have long been harnessed as the key elements in the development of aptamer-based assays, particularly aptasensing application. (hindawi.com)
One promising avenue that is currently explored based on the specificity and affinity of aptamers is the application of aptamers in the decontamination assays. (hindawi.com)
Specifically, the colour change caused by their aggregation or disaggregation and connected to the aptamer-target binding reaction has been used in the development of assays and tests. (smw.ch)
They are particular suitable for quantum dot-stimulated FRET-based (beacon) aptamer assays [61]. (smw.ch)

Peptide Aptamers-Endothelial Cells (P36), Peptide Aptamer, FITC labelled-Genemed Synthesis Inc. (genemedsyn.com)
For the peptide synthesis the recent technologies in the art are used, like automatic peptide synthesizer, microwave device and modern HPLC systems. (cebiotech.com)
Microarrays designed for RNA aptamer screening and binding optimization and built on the flexible and powerful Paraflo microfluidic on-chip synthesis platform. (bio-medicine.org)
So, the Middle-East and African market for aptamers is expected to grow, which has been backed by advancements in technology with respect to selection processes and synthesis. (emailwire.com)
Other features of aptamers like favorable toxicological property, high stability, ease of synthesis and rapid tissue penetration would significantly contribute to the growth of the market. (mynewsdesk.com)
Chemical aptamer synthesis enables rapid, low-cost production of new batches with low lot-to-lot variability. (cambio.co.uk)

Furthermore, presence of several key players such as Aptagen, Inc., Regado Biosciences, Inc. and Somalogic, Inc. has resulted in increased investment in research and development of novel aptamers. (openpr.com)

We used an aptamer that binds specifically to PSMA, a cell surface glycoprotein found in abundance on prostate cancer cells, and joined its 3 end to a siRNA specific for Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 mRNA (EEF2). (eurekaselect.com)
We have addressed this using a peptide aptamer that binds to the second LIM domain of the LMO2 protein and disrupts its function. (ox.ac.uk)

It was hypothesized that Downstream-peptide RNAs correspond to riboswitches, based on multiple lines of evidence. (wikipedia.org)
This, and other evidence, suggests that glnA RNAs are riboswitches, and their structural similarity to Downstream-peptide RNAs in turn suggests that Downstream-peptide RNAs are also riboswitches. (wikipedia.org)
Downstream-peptide RNAs overlap a predicted non-coding RNA called yfr6 that is over 200 nucleotides in length, but it was proposed that only the upstream region (corresponding to the Downstream-peptide motif) functions as an RNA structure. (wikipedia.org)
A distinct predicted non-coding RNA called yfr14 overlaps both yfr6 and Downstream-peptide RNAs. (wikipedia.org)
Your goal will be to explore what experimental parameters affect the enrichment of a heme-binding RNA aptamer from a mixture of heme-binding and non-binding RNAs. (mit.edu)

The chemically synthesized single-standard oligonucleotides (a polynucleotide which contains a relatively small number of nucleotides) are aptamers. (transparencymarketresearch.com)

Aptabodies are formed by hybridization of two DNA aptamers and allow detection of human thrombin effectively compared to traditional aptamers. (openpr.com)
The use of peptide aptamers selected in vivo to recognize specific protein isoforms, the ability to functionalize each microelectrode individually, the electronic nature and scalability of the label-free detection and the scalability of the array fabrication combine to yield the potential for highly multiplexed devices with increasingly small detection areas and higher sensitivities that may ultimately allow the simultaneous monitoring of tens or hundreds of thousands of protein isoforms. (biomedcentral.com)
Aptamers are generated quickly and applied in the inhibition, characterization of proteins and for particular detection. (prsync.com)
Microfabricated high-performance microwave impedance biosensors for detection of aptamer-protein interactions. (ebscohost.com)
The huge potential of aptamer-nanoparticle-based detection of cancer cells and biomedical in - vivo imaging has been shown, with some examples. (smw.ch)
Aptamer-modified nanoparticles for medical applications are developed mostly for the detection of analytes, for biomedical in-vivo imaging and for in-vivo drug delivering. (smw.ch)
We aim to develop aptamers for detection of multiple bacterial proteins simultaneously which is expected to lead a more robust test," said Tarun Sharma, a member of the research team. (thehindubusinessline.com)
The group used aptamer-based test also for detection of pleural TB, the second most prevalent form of extrapulmonary TB. (thehindubusinessline.com)
From purification to imaging to detection/quantification, aptamers are enabling the use of traditional methods in new and different ways. (cambio.co.uk)
Biotinylated aptamer was used for detection along with a streptavidin-HRP / TMB enzyme-substrate system. (cambio.co.uk)
Following incubation with sample and appropriate wash steps, bound analyte is often detected with a FITC-labelled detection aptamer and the use of an anti-FITC-HRP / TMB enzyme-substrate system for colorimetric detection. (cambio.co.uk)

Base Pair gives custom aptamer discovery and development services, as well as a line of catalog aptamers. (prsync.com)
see the description tab (below) for details of our custom aptamer service. (cambio.co.uk)

Major factors responsible for the dominance of this segment are efforts by several key players to develop new aptamers for research and development applications. (openpr.com)
Thus, these types of collaboration will help companies to develop new aptamers hence drives the market growth. (mynewsdesk.com)

EXPRESS] Primary sensory neuron-specific interference of TRPV1 signaling by AAV-encoded TRPV1 peptide aptamer attenuates neuropathic pain. (painresearchforum.org)
Uncoupling the protein-protein interaction between collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) and N-type voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV2.2) with an allosteric CRMP2-derived peptide (CBD3) is antinociceptive in rodent models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. (elsevier.com)

Biomolecules (DNA' RNA' Peptides' etc. (wiley.com)
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has become a widely used method for determination of biomolecules including peptides, proteins. (researchandmarkets.com)

We first confirmed that the AS1411 nucleolin aptamer used in our study 17 conjugated to a TAP siRNA (Supplementary Fig. 1a ) accumulated preferentially in the subcutaneously growing 4T1 breast carcinoma tumors (Supplementary Fig. 1b ). (nature.com)

Rapid Development of New Protein Biosensors Utilizing Peptides Obtained via Phage Display. (ebscohost.com)

Cutting-edge and easy to use, Nucleic Acid and Peptide Aptamers: Methods and Protocols will provide researchers with an inspiring and helpful guide to the application of these compounds to their own distinct research issues. (springer.com)
Peptide aptamers and the methods to produce cassettes including the aptamers and manipulating them, are described. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
Obviously, it is time-consuming and costly to design aptamers for specific proteins using experimental methods. (biomedcentral.com)
Methods for aptamer-based nanoparticle application have been developed, but mostly by use of a few aptamers. (smw.ch)
A brief overview of aptamer use and advantages for just a few of the many potential aptamer methods is provided below. (cambio.co.uk)
Aptamer performance has been demonstrated in a number of different methods. (cambio.co.uk)
Several of the many methods being re-developed with aptamers are listed here. (cambio.co.uk)

Increasing research activities for development of the novel aptamers to be used in numerous medical application is augmenting adoption and fuelling the growth of the global aptamer market. (transparencymarketresearch.com)

Aptamers are usually created by selecting them from a large random sequence pool, but natural aptamers also exist in riboswitches. (prezi.com)

The conserved sites G 133 K 134 and D 138 K 139 R 140 of C-terminal SmpB were identified by interacting with N-terminal SN, and concurrently the residue K 62 of ArfA was recognized by interacting with the surface loop of the specific peptide aptamer PA-2. (frontiersin.org)
With cell-based selection, a specific protein target is not always chosen, but selection is performed against a target cell type with the goal of letting the aptamer choose the target. (mdpi.com)
However, the region has not developed any oligonucleotide specific guideline that can address the general requirements for the quality of aptamer clinical trials. (openpr.com)
We describe a method to immobilize specific peptide aptamers on individual electrodes at the micrometer scale, together with a robust and label-free electronic sensing system. (biomedcentral.com)
As a proving proof of principle experiment, we demonstrate the specific recognition of cyclin-dependent protein kinases in whole-cell lysates using arrays of ten electrodes functionalized with individual peptide aptamers, with no measurable cross-talk between electrodes. (biomedcentral.com)
offering customers access to an accelerated aptamer selection platform that delivers tailor-made high-affinity, highly specific molecules for use in a variety of scenarios. (onenucleus.com)
The features for aptamers are extracted from Pseudo K-tuple Nucleotide Composition (PseKNC) while the features for proteins incorporate Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT), disorder information, and bi-gram Position Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM). (biomedcentral.com)
Aptamers can facilitate cell-specific drug delivery in a selective manner to the sick cancer cells because of their binding specificity. (smw.ch)
The development of more aptamers specific to cancer cells or marker proteins is urgently needed, especially for these applications. (smw.ch)

Divided conveniently into two distinct parts beginning with nucleic acid aptamers and ending with peptide aptamers, the volume provides methodologies for the isolation, characterization, and application of both types. (springer.com)
Microanalytical protein characterization with multidimensional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry improves the throughput and reliability of peptide mapping. (researchandmarkets.com)

However, the achievement of Macugen has given a boost to the aptamer field. (bio-medicine.org)
Moreover, large number companies have increased their research expenses on aptamers after first aptamer- Macugen approved by USFDA in 2004. (mynewsdesk.com)

These results show that cell proliferation can be inhibited using genetically-selected synthetic peptides that specifically target protein-protein interaction motifs within cell cycle regulators. (nih.gov)

and second particles coupled to a second oligonucleotide, the second oligonucleotide complementary to at least a portion of the aptamer. (freepatentsonline.com)
8. The system of claim 5, where the hybridization stability of the aptamer in combination with the analyte is greater than the hybridization stability of a portion of the aptamer with the second oligonucleotide. (freepatentsonline.com)

Western blot analysis showed peptide-induced down-regulation of TCTP as primary target as well as of cell-cycle related downstream proteins (CDK2, CDK6, Cyclin D3) in MOLT-4 leukemia cells. (springer.com)
One of these is a potent inhibitor of E2F binding activity in vitro and in mammalian fibroblasts, blocks cells in G1, and the free variable region from this aptamer has the same effect. (nih.gov)
6. A plasmid "backbone" capable of replicating the aptamer expression cassette of claim 1 in bacterial, yeast, fungal, animal, or plant cells. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
Collectively, a newly developed DNA aptamer (HB5) was found to be capable of specifically binding to HER2-positive breast cancer cells. (nature.com)
Moreover, AGEs-aptamer significantly reduced gene expression of RAGE , monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, connective tissue growth factor, and type IV collagen both in the kidney of KKAy/Ta mice and in AGE-exposed human cultured mesangial cells. (diabetesjournals.org)

By their targeting of short, linear motif type of interactions, peptide aptamers have joined nucleic acid aptamers for use in signaling studies because of their ease of production, their stability, their high specificity and affinity for individual target proteins, and their use in high-throughput screening protocols. (mdpi.com)

Second, Downstream-peptides are consistently positioned in a place that is consistent with a cis-regulatory role in regulating the downstream ORFs, although the biological role of the ORFs is unknown. (wikipedia.org)
The peptide produces multiple biological effects and has both circulatory and neurotransmitter modes of action. (jove.com)

The peptide aptamer PA-2 was selected from pTRG-SN-peptides by bacterial two-hybrid system (B2H) employing pBT-SmpB or pBT-ArfA as baits. (frontiersin.org)

Binding specificity and affinity of aptamers are harnessed in various applications, majorly in biosensing applications [ 10 , 11 , 17 - 26 ]. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms4

Chemicals and Drugs61

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes29

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

Peptide aptamers targeting the hepatitis B virus core protein: a new class of molecules with antiviral activity. (1/64)

Identification of the first Rho-GEF inhibitor, TRIPalpha, which targets the RhoA-specific GEF domain of Trio. (2/64)

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor trio activates the phagocyte NADPH oxidase in the absence of GDP to GTP exchange on Rac. "The emperor's nw clothes". (3/64)

Ultra high-speed sorting. (4/64)

T2-TrpRS inhibits preretinal neovascularization and enhances physiological vascular regrowth in OIR as assessed by a new method of quantification. (5/64)

Peptide aptamer-mediated inhibition of target proteins by sequestration into aggresomes. (6/64)

Peptide aptamers that bind to a geminivirus replication protein interfere with viral replication in plant cells. (7/64)

Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta1-induced signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by the Smad-binding peptide aptamer Trx-SARA. (8/64)

Aptamers, Nucleotide

Aptamers, Peptide

Peptides

Peptide Library

Peptide Fragments

Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides

Base Sequence

Molecular Sequence Data

Peptides, Cyclic

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Protein Binding

Peptide Mapping

RNA

Amino Acid Sequence

Oligopeptides

Binding Sites

Oligonucleotides

Surface Plasmon Resonance

Oligoribonucleotides

Directed Molecular Evolution

Natriuretic Peptide, Brain

Biosensing Techniques

Models, Molecular

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques

DNA, Catalytic

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide

Streptavidin

Cell-Penetrating Peptides

Kinetics

Protein Conformation

Peptide Biosynthesis

Protein Structure, Secondary

Gene Library

Protein Footprinting

Peptide YY

Peptide Nucleic Acids

Binding, Competitive

Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type

Epitopes

Natriuretic Peptides

Cell Line

G-Quadruplexes

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Structure-Activity Relationship

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide

Ligands

Substrate Specificity

Receptors, Formyl Peptide

Peptide PHI

Peptide Synthases

Cloning, Molecular

Peptide Hydrolases

Receptors, Peptide

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Proteins

Fluorine Compounds

DNA, Single-Stranded

Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Proteins

Mass Spectrometry

Thrombin

Protein Precursors

Drug Delivery Systems

Escherichia coli

Riboswitch

Trypsin

DNA Primers

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Drug Design

Molecular Probes

Amino Acids

DNA

Molecular Probe Techniques

Cattle

Opioid Peptides

Cell Line, Tumor

Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy