Aptamers peptide. Medical search

Nucleotide sequences, generated by iterative rounds of SELEX APTAMER TECHNIQUE, that bind to a target molecule specifically and with high affinity.

Peptide sequences, generated by iterative rounds of SELEX APTAMER TECHNIQUE, that bind to a target molecule specifically and with high affinity.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A collection of cloned peptides, or chemically synthesized peptides, frequently consisting of all possible combinations of amino acids making up an n-amino acid peptide.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induced defenses against invading microbes. In animals they are found on mucosal surfaces, within phagocytic granules, and on the surface of the body. They are also found in insects and plants. Among others, this group includes the DEFENSINS, protegrins, tachyplesins, and thionins. They displace DIVALENT CATIONS from phosphate groups of MEMBRANE LIPIDS leading to disruption of the membrane.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Peptides whose amino and carboxy ends are linked together with a peptide bond forming a circular chain. Some of them are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. Some of them are biosynthesized non-ribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NON-RIBOSOMAL).

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)

A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.

A group of ribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

The techniques used to produce molecules exhibiting properties that conform to the demands of the experimenter. These techniques combine methods of generating structural changes with methods of selection. They are also used to examine proposed mechanisms of evolution under in vitro selection conditions.

A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.

Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).

A technology, in which sets of reactions for solution or solid-phase synthesis, is used to create molecular libraries for analysis of compounds on a large scale.

Molecules of DNA that possess enzymatic activity.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide. A 37-amino acid peptide derived from the calcitonin gene. It occurs as a result of alternative processing of mRNA from the calcitonin gene. The neuropeptide is widely distributed in neural tissue of the brain, gut, perivascular nerves, and other tissue. The peptide produces multiple biological effects and has both circulatory and neurotransmitter modes of action. In particular, it is a potent endogenous vasodilator.

A 60-kDa extracellular protein of Streptomyces avidinii with four high-affinity biotin binding sites. Unlike AVIDIN, streptavidin has a near neutral isoelectric point and is free of carbohydrate side chains.

Peptides that have the ability to enter cells by crossing the plasma membrane directly, or through uptake by the endocytotic pathway.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The production of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS by the constituents of a living organism. The biosynthesis of proteins on RIBOSOMES following an RNA template is termed translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). There are other, non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NUCLEIC ACID-INDEPENDENT) mechanisms carried out by PEPTIDE SYNTHASES and PEPTIDYLTRANSFERASES. Further modifications of peptide chains yield functional peptide and protein molecules.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

A method for determining points of contact between interacting proteins or binding sites of proteins to nucleic acids. Protein footprinting utilizes a protein cutting reagent or protease. Protein cleavage is inhibited where the proteins, or nucleic acids and protein, contact each other. After completion of the cutting reaction, the remaining peptide fragments are analyzed by electrophoresis.

A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.

DNA analogs containing neutral amide backbone linkages composed of aminoethyl glycine units instead of the usual phosphodiester linkage of deoxyribose groups. Peptide nucleic acids have high biological stability and higher affinity for complementary DNA or RNA sequences than analogous DNA oligomers.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Peptides that regulate the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in the body, also known as natriuretic peptide hormones. Several have been sequenced (ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; C-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE).

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Higher-order DNA and RNA structures formed from guanine-rich sequences. They are formed around a core of at least 2 stacked tetrads of hydrogen-bonded GUANINE bases. They can be formed from one two or four separate strands of DNA (or RNA) and can display a wide variety of topologies, which are a consequence of various combinations of strand direction, length, and sequence. (From Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(19):5402-15)

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A family of G-protein-coupled receptors that was originally identified by its ability to bind N-formyl peptides such as N-FORMYLMETHIONINE LEUCYL-PHENYLALANINE. Since N-formyl peptides are found in MITOCHONDRIA and BACTERIA, this class of receptors is believed to play a role in mediating cellular responses to cellular damage and bacterial invasion. However, non-formylated peptide ligands have also been found for this receptor class.

A 27-amino acid peptide with histidine at the N-terminal and isoleucine amide at the C-terminal. The exact amino acid composition of the peptide is species dependent. The peptide is secreted in the intestine, but is found in the nervous system, many organs, and in the majority of peripheral tissues. It has a wide range of biological actions, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous systems.

Ligases that catalyze the joining of adjacent AMINO ACIDS by the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds between their carboxylic acid groups and amine groups.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.

Cell surface receptors that bind peptide messengers with high affinity and regulate intracellular signals which influence the behavior of cells.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Inorganic compounds that contain fluorine as an integral part of the molecule.

A single chain of deoxyribonucleotides that occurs in some bacteria and viruses. It usually exists as a covalently closed circle.

High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

An enzyme formed from PROTHROMBIN that converts FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN.

Systems for the delivery of drugs to target sites of pharmacological actions. Technologies employed include those concerning drug preparation, route of administration, site targeting, metabolism, and toxicity.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Part of a MESSENGER RNA molecule that undergoes a conformation change upon binding a specific metabolite or other small molecule thereby regulating the messenger RNA's transcription, post-transcriptional processing, transport, translation, or stability in response to varying levels of the metabolite or other small molecule.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.

A group of atoms or molecules attached to other molecules or cellular structures and used in studying the properties of these molecules and structures. Radioactive DNA or RNA sequences are used in MOLECULAR GENETICS to detect the presence of a complementary sequence by NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The use of devices which use detector molecules to detect, investigate, or analyze other molecules, macromolecules, molecular aggregates, or organisms.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The endogenous peptides with opiate-like activity. The three major classes currently recognized are the ENKEPHALINS, the DYNORPHINS, and the ENDORPHINS. Each of these families derives from different precursors, proenkephalin, prodynorphin, and PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN, respectively. There are also at least three classes of OPIOID RECEPTORS, but the peptide families do not map to the receptors in a simple way.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Hormones synthesized from amino acids. They are distinguished from INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS in that their actions are systemic.

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Proteins that are chemically bound to a substrate material which renders their location fixed. The immobilization of proteins allows their use in chemical reactions without being diluted by solvent.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

Incorporation of biotinyl groups into molecules.

Peptides generated from AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES PRECURSOR. An amyloid fibrillar form of these peptides is the major component of amyloid plaques found in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and in aged individuals with trisomy 21 (DOWN SYNDROME). The peptide is found predominantly in the nervous system, but there have been reports of its presence in non-neural tissue.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.

A highly-sensitive (in the picomolar range, which is 10,000-fold more sensitive than conventional electrophoresis) and efficient technique that allows separation of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and CARBOHYDRATES. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

The structure of one molecule that imitates or simulates the structure of a different molecule.

The processes of RNA tertiary structure formation.

A family of RNA plant viruses that infect a wide range of herbaceous and woody plant species. There are at least eight genera including POTEXVIRUS and CARLAVIRUS, both of which are highly immunogenic.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

The study of fluid channels and chambers of tiny dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers and volumes of nanoliters or picoliters. This is of interest in biological MICROCIRCULATION and used in MICROCHEMISTRY and INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES.

A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Cell surface proteins that bind VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE; (VIP); with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

Methods utilizing the principles of MICROFLUIDICS for sample handling, reagent mixing, and separation and detection of specific components in fluids.

Cell surface proteins that bind ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. They contain intrinsic guanylyl cyclase activity.

Proteins obtained from species in the class of AMPHIBIANS.

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the T-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the T-cell receptor are often located in the inner, unexposed side of the antigen, and become accessible to the T-cell receptors after proteolytic processing of the antigen.

Proteins and peptides found in SALIVA and the SALIVARY GLANDS. Some salivary proteins such as ALPHA-AMYLASES are enzymes, but their composition varies in different individuals.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.

A bacteriophage genus of the family LEVIVIRIDAE, whose viruses contain the short version of the genome and have a separate gene for cell lysis.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and information analysis of an RNA SEQUENCE.

The study of MAGNETIC PHENOMENA.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. This is performed by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Some antigens require processing before they can be recognized. Antigen processing consists of ingestion and partial digestion of the antigen by the APC, followed by presentation of fragments on the cell surface. (From Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)

Peptide aptamers targeting the hepatitis B virus core protein: a new class of molecules with antiviral activity. (1/64)

A substantial proportion of the worldwide liver cancer incidence is associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The therapeutic management of HBV infections is still problematic and novel antiviral strategies are urgently required. Using the peptide aptamer screening system, we aimed to isolate new molecules, which can block viral replication by interfering with capsid formation. Eight peptide aptamers were isolated from a randomized expression library, which specifically bound to the HBV core protein under intracellular conditions. One of them, named C1-1, efficiently inhibited viral capsid formation and, consequently, HBV replication and virion production. Hence, C1-1 is a novel model compound for inhibiting HBV replication by blocking capsid formation and provides a new basis for the development of therapeutic molecules with specific antiviral potential against HBV infections. (+info)

Identification of the first Rho-GEF inhibitor, TRIPalpha, which targets the RhoA-specific GEF domain of Trio. (2/64)

The Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Rho-GEFs) remodel the actin cytoskeleton via their Rho-GTPase targets and affect numerous physiological processes such as transformation and cell motility. They are therefore attractive targets to design specific inhibitors that may have therapeutic applications. Trio contains two Rho-GEF domains, GEFD1 and GEFD2, which activate the Rac and RhoA pathways, respectively. Here we have used a genetic screen in yeast to select in vivo peptides coupled to thioredoxin, called aptamers, that could inhibit GEFD2 activity. One aptamer, TRIAPalpha (TRio Inhibitory APtamer), specifically blocks GEFD2-exchange activity on RhoA in vitro. The corresponding peptide sequence, TRIPalpha, inhibits TrioGEFD2-mediated activation of RhoA in intact cells and specifically reverts the neurite retraction phenotype induced by TrioGEFD2 in PC12 cells. Thus TRIPalpha is the first Rho-GEF inhibitor isolated so far, and represents an important step in the design of inhibitors for the expanding family of Rho-GEFs. (+info)

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor trio activates the phagocyte NADPH oxidase in the absence of GDP to GTP exchange on Rac. "The emperor's nw clothes". (3/64)

The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome b(559) and four cytosolic components as follows: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Activation of the oxidase is the result of assembly of the cytosolic components with cytochrome b(559) and can be mimicked in vitro by mixtures of membrane and cytosolic components exposed to an anionic amphiphile, serving as activator. We reported that prenylation of Rac1 endows it with the ability to support oxidase activation in conjunction with p67(phox) but in the absence of amphiphile and p47(phox). We now show the following 6 points. 1) The Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor Trio markedly potentiates oxidase activation by prenylated Rac1-GDP. 2) This occurs in the absence of exogenous GTP or any other source of GTP generation, demonstrating that the effect of Trio does not involve GDP to GTP exchange on Rac1. 3) Trio does not potentiate oxidase activation by prenylated Rac1-GTP, by nonprenylated Rac1-GDP in the presence or absence of amphiphile, and by a prenylated [p67(phox)-Rac1] chimera in GDP-bound form. 4) Rac1 mutants defective in the ability to bind Trio or to respond to Trio by nucleotide exchange fail to respond to Trio by enhanced oxidase activation. 5) A Trio mutant with conserved Rac1-binding ability but lacking nucleotide exchange activity fails to enhance oxidase activation. 6) The effect of Trio is mimicked by displacement of Mg(2+) from Rac1-GDP. These results reveal the existence of a novel mechanism of Rac activation by a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and suggest that the induction by Trio of a conformational change in Rac1, in the absence of nucleotide exchange, is sufficient for enhancing its effector function. (+info)

Ultra high-speed sorting. (4/64)

BACKGROUND: Cell sorting has a history dating back approximately 40 years. The main limitation has been that, although flow cytometry is a science, cell sorting has been an art during most of this time. Recent advances in assisting technologies have helped to decrease the amount of expertise necessary to perform sorting. METHODS: Droplet-based sorting is based on a controlled disturbance of a jet stream dependent on surface tension. Sorting yield and purity are highly dependent on stable jet break-off position. System pressures and orifice diameters dictate the number of droplets per second, which is the sort rate limiting step because modern electronics can more than handle the higher cell signal processing rates. RESULTS: Cell sorting still requires considerable expertise. Complex multicolor sorting also requires new and more sophisticated sort decisions, especially when cell subpopulations are rare and need to be extracted from background. High-speed sorting continues to pose major problems in terms of biosafety due to the aerosols generated. CONCLUSIONS: Cell sorting has become more stable and predictable and requires less expertise to operate. However, the problems of aerosol containment continue to make droplet-based cell sorting problematical. Fluid physics and cell viability restraints pose practical limits for high-speed sorting that have almost been reached. Over the next 5 years there may be advances in fluidic switching sorting in lab-on-a-chip microfluidic systems that could not only solve the aerosol and viability problems but also make ultra high-speed sorting possible and practical through massively parallel and exponential staging microfluidic architectures. (+info)

T2-TrpRS inhibits preretinal neovascularization and enhances physiological vascular regrowth in OIR as assessed by a new method of quantification. (5/64)

PURPOSE: A carboxyl-terminal fragment of tryptophan tRNA synthetase (T2-TrpRS) has demonstrated potent angiostatic activity during retinal developmental neovascularization in vivo. The effects of T2-TrpRS on pathologic neovascularization were tested and compared with a potent VEGF antagonist using the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were transiently exposed to hyperoxic conditions (75% O2) between postnatal day 7 (P7) and P12 and then returned to room air. Retinas were isolated, blood vessels stained with isolectin Griffonia simplicifolia, images of retinal whole-mounts acquired, and the area of vascular obliteration and extent of preretinal neovascularization quantified. This method was compared to the commonly used method of OIR quantification in which the number of pre-inner limiting membrane (ILM) nuclei is counted in serial sections of whole eyes. To assess the angiostatic activity of T2-TrpRS, mice were injected intravitreally at P12 with either T2-TrpRS, a VEGF aptamer, or vehicle (PBS) alone, and the effects on area of obliteration and on preretinal neovascular tuft formation were assessed. RESULTS: Using a modified method of quantification in the mouse OIR model based on images of isolectin-stained retinal wholemounts, we were able to assess reliably and consistently both vascular obliteration and preretinal neovascular tuft formation in the same specimen. T2-TrpRS demonstrated potent angiostatic activity, reducing the appearance of pathologic neovascular tufts by up to 90%. Surprisingly, T2-TrpRS also enhanced physiological revascularization of the obliterated retinal vasculature, reducing these areas by up to 60% compared with PBS-injected eyes. In contrast, the VEGF antagonist, while similarly reducing preretinal neovascular tuft formation, did not enhance revascularization of the obliterated areas. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a rapid, quantifiable method to assess the effect of T2-TrpRS on retinal angiogenesis in the OIR model demonstrates the importance of a quantification system that permits simultaneous analysis of a drug's effect on vascular obliteration as well as on preretinal neovascularization. The results obtained using this method suggest enhanced clinical value for compounds such as T2-TrpRS that not only inhibit pathologic neovascularization, but also facilitate physiological revascularization of ischemic tissue. (+info)

Peptide aptamer-mediated inhibition of target proteins by sequestration into aggresomes. (6/64)

Peptide aptamers (PAs) can be employed to block the intracellular function of target proteins. Little is known about the mechanism of PA-mediated protein inhibition. Here, we generated PAs that specifically bound to the duck hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein. Among them, PA34 strongly blocked duck HBV replication by inhibiting viral capsid formation. We found that PA34 led to a dramatic intracellular redistribution of its target protein into perinuclear inclusion bodies, which exhibit the typical characteristics of aggresomes. As a result, the core protein is efficiently removed from the viral life cycle. Corresponding findings were obtained for bioactive PAs that bind to the HBV core protein or to the human papillomavirus-16 (HPV16) E6 protein, respectively. The observation that PAs induce the specific sequestration of bound proteins into aggresomes defines a novel mechanism as to how this new class of intracellular inhibitors blocks the function of their target proteins. (+info)

Peptide aptamers that bind to a geminivirus replication protein interfere with viral replication in plant cells. (7/64)

The AL1 protein of tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV), a member of the geminivirus family, is essential for viral replication in plants. Its N terminus contains three conserved motifs that mediate origin recognition and DNA cleavage during the initiation of rolling-circle replication. We used the N-terminal domain of TGMV AL1 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a random peptide aptamer library constrained in the active site of the thioredoxin A (TrxA) gene. The screen selected 88 TrxA peptides that also bind to the full-length TGMV AL1 protein. Plant expression cassettes corresponding to the TrxA peptides and a TGMV A replicon encoding AL1 were cotransfected into tobacco protoplasts, and viral DNA replication was monitored by semiquantitative PCR. In these assays, 31 TrxA peptides negatively impacted TGMV DNA accumulation, reducing viral DNA levels to 13 to 64% of those of the wild type. All of the interfering aptamers also bound to the AL1 protein of cabbage leaf curl virus. A comparison of the 20-mer peptides revealed that their sequences are not random. The alignments detected seven potential binding motifs, five of which are more highly represented among the interfering peptides. One motif was present in 18 peptides, suggesting that these peptides interact with a hot spot in the AL1 N terminus. The peptide aptamers characterized in these studies represent new tools for studying AL1 function and can serve as the basis for the development of crops with broad-based resistance to single-stranded DNA viruses. (+info)

Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta1-induced signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by the Smad-binding peptide aptamer Trx-SARA. (8/64)

Overexpression of the inhibitory Smad, Smad7, is used frequently to implicate the Smad pathway in cellular responses to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling; however, Smad7 regulates several other proteins, including Cdc42, p38MAPK, and beta-catenin. We report an alternative approach for more specifically disrupting Smad-dependent signaling using a peptide aptamer, Trx-SARA, which comprises a rigid scaffold, the Escherichia coli thioredoxin A protein (Trx), displaying a constrained 56-amino acid Smad-binding motif from the Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein. Trx-SARA bound specifically to Smad2 and Smad3 and inhibited both TGF-beta-induced reporter gene expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in NMuMG murine mammary epithelial cells. In contrast to Smad7, Trx-SARA had no effect on the Smad2 or 3 phosphorylation levels induced by TGF-beta1. Trx-SARA was primarily localized to the nucleus and perturbed the normal cytoplasmic localization of Smad2 and 3 to a nuclear localization in the absence of TGF-beta1, consistent with reduced Smad nuclear export. The key mode of action of Trx-SARA was to reduce the level of Smad2 and Smad3 in complex with Smad4 after TGF-beta1 stimulation, a mechanism of action consistent with the preferential binding of SARA to monomeric Smad protein and Trx-SARA-mediated disruption of active Smad complexes. (+info)

Ames TD, Breaker RR (January 2011). "Bacterial aptamers that selectively bind glutamine". RNA Biol. 8 (1): 82-89. doi:10.4161/ ... Downstream-peptide RNAs are found upstream of short open reading frames (ORFs) that are predicted to encode short peptides ( ... Possible candidates to be regulated by the Downstream-peptide motif are genes that frequently carry the Downstream-peptide ... and their structural similarity to Downstream-peptide RNAs in turn suggests that Downstream-peptide RNAs are also riboswitches ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downstream-peptide_motif

... s are a kind of peptide aptamers. When the term mimotope was first coined by Mario Geysen in 1986, it was used to ... It had 10716 peptides grouped into 1229 sets. These peptides were extracted from biopanning results of phage-displayed random ... A mimotope is often a peptide, and mimics the structure of an epitope. Because of this property it causes an antibody response ... However, this concept has been extended to refer peptide mimic of all types of binding sites. As the mimic of binding site, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimotope

The most common peptide aptamer selection system is the yeast two-hybrid system. Peptide aptamers can also be selected from ... "peptide aptamer." No formal definition exists to distinguish aptamers from non-aptamers, but the typical use is to describe a ... an example of an aptamer against a mushroom target. While most aptamers are based on nucleic acids, peptide aptamers are ... All the peptides panned from combinatorial peptide libraries have been stored in the MimoDB database. Libraries of peptide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptamer

Davis JJ, Tkac J, Humphreys R, Buxton AT, Lee TA, Ko Ferrigno P (May 2009). "Peptide aptamers in label-free protein detection: ... Davis JJ, Tkac J, Laurenson S, Ko Ferrigno P (February 2007). "Peptide aptamers in label-free protein detection: 1. ... Stabilization of the two peptides by the protein scaffold constrains the possible conformations that the peptides can take. ... "Design and validation of a neutral protein scaffold for the presentation of peptide aptamers". Journal of Molecular Biology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affimer

... peptides, aptamers, antibodies). Therapeutics using siRNA conjugates have been developed for rare or genetic diseases such as ... Kruspe, S; Giangrande, P (2017). "Aptamer-siRNA Chimeras: Discovery, Progress, and Future Prospects". Biomedicines. 5 (4): 45. ... by RNAi can significantly reduced the amount of Aβ peptide which is correlated with the cause of Alzheimer's disease. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_interference

Known examples of smart ligands include DNA smart aptamers; however, RNA and peptide smart aptamers can also be developed. ... For example, a panel of DNA smart aptamers has been recently used to develop affinity analysis of proteins with ultra-wide ... Baaske P, Wienken CJ, Reineck P, Duhr S, Braun D (Feb 2010). "Optical Thermophoresis quantifies Buffer dependence of Aptamer ... Drabovich AP, Berezovski M, Okhonin V, Krylov SN (May 2006). "Selection of smart aptamers by methods of kinetic capillary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_ligand

Like other aptamers, L-RNA aptamers are able to bind molecules such as peptides, proteins, and substances of low molecular ... L-RNA aptamers themselves have low antigenicity. In contrast to other aptamers, L-RNA aptamers have high stability in blood ... such as PEGylated L-RNA aptamers, show a prolonged plasma half-life. Unlike other aptamers, L-RNA aptamers are not directly ... L-RNA aptamers are a form of aptamers. Due to their L-nucleotides, they are highly resistant to degradation by nucleases. L-RNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-Ribonucleic_acid_aptamer

December 2007). "Microarray-formatted clinical biomarker assay development using peptide aptamers to anterior gradient-2". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrett's_esophagus

Common address tags are monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, streptavidin or peptides. These targeting agents should ideally be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoparticle

... as in the case of aptamers, or from non-immunoglobulin protein scaffolds / peptide aptamers, into which hypervariable loops are ... 2005). "P. Design and validation of a neutral protein scaffold for the presentation of peptide aptamers". J Mol Biol. 352 (5): ... Within the protein scaffold there exist two variable peptide loops and a variable N-terminal sequence that provide a high ... PMID 24424458.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Ladner, R.C. (1995). "Constrained peptides as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_antibody

"Selective inhibition of TGF-beta responsive genes by Smad-interacting peptide aptamers from FoxH1, Lef1 and CBP". Oncogene. 24 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOXH1

"Selective inhibition of TGF-beta responsive genes by Smad-interacting peptide aptamers from FoxH1, Lef1 and CBP". Oncogene. 24 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNIP1

SPR imaging platform would be a good choice to characterize aptamer -protein interactions. To study the aptamer-protein ... One can find protein-protein interaction and on-chip peptide distribution with high spatial resolution using subjected ... The interaction of thrombin and the aptamer can be monitored on microarray in real-time during injections of thrombin at ... Daniel, C; Roupioz, Y; Gasparutti, D; Livache, T; Buhot, A (2013). "Solution-Phase vs Surface-Phase Aptamer-Protein Affinity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_plasmon_resonance_microscopy

... homogeneous pool of RNA aptamers can be produced. As such, RNA aptamers can be made to target small peptides and proteins, as ... RNA aptamers can be designed to act as antagonists, agonists, or so-called "RNA decoy aptamers." In the case of antagonists, ... For RNA decoy aptamers, the synthetic RNA aptamer resembles a native RNA molecule. As such, proteins(s) which bind to the ... Additionally, the term "aptamer" was coined by Andrew Ellington, who worked with Jack Szostak to select an RNA aptamer that was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_therapeutics

"Prevention of Carbon Nanohorn Agglomeration Using a Conjugate Composed of Comb-Shaped Polyethylene Glycol and a Peptide Aptamer ... Another example is the specific peptide functionalized SWNHs nanocomposite, which was used to fabricate an immunosensor towards ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-walled_carbon_nanohorn

Antibodies, streptavidin, peptides, DNA, nucleic acid aptamers, or small-molecule ligands can be used to target quantum dots to ... Among these materials are InP/ZnS, CuInS/ZnS, Si, Ge and C. Peptides are being researched as potential quantum dot material. ... Whaley SR, English DS, Hu EL, Barbara PF, Belcher AM (2000). "Selection of peptides with semiconductor binding specificity for ... Hauser, Charlotte A. E.; Zhang, Shuguang (2010). "Peptides as biological semiconductors". Nature. 468 (7323): 516-517. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot

... transforming growth factor-beta1-induced signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by the Smad-binding peptide aptamer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFYVE16

... aptamers and ribozymes. In 2015, Jain et al. described a trans-acting DNA-based amphiphatic delivery system for convenient ... Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is an artificially synthesized polymer similar to DNA or RNA. Synthetic peptide nucleic acid ... Clicked peptide polymer Glycol nucleic acid Oligonucleotide synthesis Peptide synthesis Threose nucleic acid Nielsen PE, Egholm ... Zhao XL, Chen BC, Han JC, Wei L, Pan XB (November 2015). "Delivery of cell-penetrating peptide-peptide nucleic acid conjugates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_nucleic_acid

They consist of artificial peptides or proteins, or aptamer-based nucleic acid molecules with a molar mass of about 3 to 20 kDa ... Ma B, Zhang K, Hendrie C, Liang C, Li M, Doherty-Kirby A, Lajoie G (2003). "PEAKS: powerful software for peptide de novo ... Reen DJ (1994). "Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)". Basic Protein and Peptide Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology ... April 2012). "PEAKS DB: de novo sequencing assisted database search for sensitive and accurate peptide identification". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

US granted 8685372, Roger Y. Tsien; Quyen T. Nguyen & Michael Whitney, "Peptides and aptamers for targeting of neuron or nerves ... PhD pertaining to their invention of peptides, imaging systems and methods to support fluorescence-guided cancer tumor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quyen_T._Nguyen

... aptamers, peptides and antibodies have been covalently linked to siRNA in order to improve cellular uptake and target specific ... Materials that are delivered into cells include nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), proteins, peptides, impermeable small molecules, ... and aptamers. Such oligonucleotides can be used to alter cell behaviour through several different mechanisms . Lipid ... Peptides, and Proteins". Site-Specific Protein Labeling. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1266: 29-53. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2272 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular_delivery

... es are often conceptually divided into two parts: an aptamer and an expression platform. The aptamer directly binds ... Two classes of glutamine riboswitches are known: the glnA RNA motif and Downstream-peptide motif. These classes are believed to ... as it contains contiguous dual aptamers. Though no longer shown to be cooperative, the cause of dual aptamers still remains ... of the relevant genes and the success of procedures to create artificial small molecule-binding RNAs called aptamers. In 2002, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboswitch

... and the design of new sustainable pesticides in the form of peptide aptamers and small molecules that would interfere with cell ... 3) Research on computational agriculture including plant disease biocontrol studying anti-bacterial peptides expressed on virus ... Synthetic Cyclic KTS Peptides as Novel Dual Antagonists of α1β1/α2β1 Integrins with Antiangiogenic Activity". In Momic, Tatjana ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoch_Senderowitz

DNA aptamers, which are peptides that have with specific target molecules that they search for, fold in response to the ... Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensor". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 131 (12): 4262-4266. doi:10.1021/ja806531z. ... Aptamer-Based Tracking of Circulating Therapeutic Agents in Living Animals". Science Translational Medicine. 5 (213): 213ra165 ... this field was initiated with monitoring of small-molecule cocaine levels in undiluted blood serum with electrochemical aptamer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_(biochemistry)

... aptamers, and antimicrobial peptides) to enhance the limits of detection for analytes. She has helped engineer hybrid porous ... "Rapid and label-free detection of protein a by aptamer-tethered porous silicon nanostructures". Journal of Biotechnology. ... "Whole-cell detection of live lactobacillus acidophilus on aptamer-decorated porous silicon biosensors". Analyst. 141 (18): 5432 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester_H._Segal

Likewise, Xiao Ma and others, have discussed the electrical control on the binding/unbinding of thrombin from aptamers ... Biointerface science is a multidisciplinary field in which biochemists who synthesize novel classes of biomolecules (peptide ... "Resolving electrical stimulus triggered molecular binding and force modulation upon thrombin-aptamer biointerface". Journal of ... "Electrical Stimulus Controlled Binding/Unbinding of Human Thrombin-Aptamer Complex". Scientific Reports. 6: 37449. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biointerface

These methods offer various advantages, for instance they often are able to determine the sequence of a protein or peptide, ... Jayasena, Sumedha D (1999-09-01). "Aptamers: An Emerging Class of Molecules That Rival Antibodies in Diagnostics". Clinical ... One of the earliest methods for protein analysis has been Edman degradation (introduced in 1967) where a single peptide is ... Here, the proteins within a complex mixture are labeled isotopically first, and then digested to yield labeled peptides. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteomics

... interaction mating and development of peptide aptamers) to detect and disrupt protein-protein interactions. In 1997, with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Brent

Aptamer - Oligonucleotide or peptide molecules that bind specific targets Ribozyme - Type of RNA molecules Systematic evolution ... Spill F, Weinstein ZB, Irani Shemirani A, Ho N, Desai D, Zaman MH (October 2016). "Controlling uncertainty in aptamer selection ... Travascio P, Li Y, Sen D (September 1998). "DNA-enhanced peroxidase activity of a DNA-aptamer-hemin complex". Chemistry & ... Golub E, Albada HB, Liao WC, Biniuri Y, Willner I (January 2016). "Nucleoapzymes: Hemin/G-Quadruplex DNAzyme-Aptamer Binding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxyribozyme

Aptamer - Oligonucleotide or peptide molecules that bind specific targets Deoxyribozyme - DNA oligonucleotides that can perform ... Aptamers have emerged as a novel category in the field of bioreceptors due to their wide applications ranging from biosensing ... If a good binding affinity for the selected aptamer is not a concern, then an excess of target can be used to increase the ... There are aptamer applications for which a short sequence, and thus primer truncation, is desirable. An advancement on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_evolution_of_ligands_by_exponential_enrichment

Jebrail MJ, Ng AH, Rai V, Hili R, Yudin AK, Wheeler AR (November 2010). "Synchronized synthesis of peptide-based macrocycles by ... Superparamagnetic nanoparticles were immobilized with anti-IgE antibodies and fluorescently labeled aptamers to quantify IgE ... Heron SR, Wilson R, Shaffer SA, Goodlett DR, Cooper JM (May 2010). "Surface acoustic wave nebulization of peptides as a ... These include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as well as the formation of DNA and peptides. Reduction, alkylation, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_microfluidics

While DNA is the dominant material used, structures incorporating other nucleic acids such as RNA and peptide nucleic acid (PNA ... and aptamers, which can bind to specific proteins or small molecules. Structural DNA nanotechnology, sometimes abbreviated as ... emerging applications of DNAzymes and aptamers". Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 17 (6): 580-588. doi:10.1016/j.copbio. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_nanotechnology

One experiment conducted at the University of Florida led to the production of an XNA aptamer by the AEGIS-SELEX (artificially ... D'Agata R, Giuffrida MC, Spoto G (November 2017). "Peptide Nucleic Acid-Based Biosensors for Cancer Diagnosis". Molecules. 22 ( ... Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) FANA (Fluoro Arabino nucleic acid) HNA could be used to potentially act as a drug that can recognize ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeno_nucleic_acid

PPIases catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds and regulate protein folding and maturation. ... "Comparing human pancreatic cell secretomes by in vitro aptamer selection identifies cyclophilin B as a candidate pancreatic ... "Selective assay for CyPA and CyPB in human blood using highly specific anti-peptide antibodies". J. Immunol. Methods. 178 (1): ... this protein catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds, which allows it to regulate protein folding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPIB

Carter, John (1 January 1996). "Conjugation of Peptides to Carrier Proteins via Glutaraldehyde". The Protein Protocols Handbook ... 2009). Affinity probe capillary electrophoresis evaluation of aptamer binding to Campylobacter jejuni bacteria(ARL-TR (Aberdeen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapten

The first such selections involved isolation of various aptamers that bind to small molecules. The first catalytic RNAs ... Robertson MP, Knudsen SM, Ellington AD (January 2004). "In vitro selection of ribozymes dependent on peptides for activity". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligase_ribozyme

However recently a large Phase III trial of PEGylated RNA aptamer against factor IX had to be discontinued by Regado ... Shukla RS, Qin B, Cheng K (October 2014). "Peptides used in the delivery of small noncoding RNA". Molecular Pharmaceutics. 11 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_interfering_RNA

In 2013, they applied the Ds-Px pair to DNA aptamer generation by in vitro selection (SELEX) and demonstrated the genetic ... One study, in fact, found that there were at least 83 peptides majorly affected by the readthrough Additionally, the labelling ... Kimoto M, Yamashige R, Matsunaga K, Yokoyama S, Hirao I (May 2013). "Generation of high-affinity DNA aptamers using an expanded ... There are several techniques to produce peptides chemically, generally it is by solid-phase protection chemistry. This means ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_genetic_code

This motif is located towards the N-terminus of the peptide chain and contains a histidine as the 5th ligand of the heme iron. ... Loo JF, Lau PM, Ho HP, Kong SK (October 2013). "An aptamer-based bio-barcode assay with isothermal recombinase polymerase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_c

Molecules suited for measurement by KinExA are antibodies, recombinant proteins, small molecules, aptamers, lipids, nanobodies ... "Interactions of HIV-1 inhibitory peptide T20 with the gp41 N-HR coiled coil". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (6): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_exclusion_assay

The method involves fluorescently labeling peptide molecules that would alter an organism's natural pathway. When this peptide ... Likewise, the spinach aptamer is an engineered RNA sequence which can bind GFP chromophore chemical mimics, thereby conferring ... Because of the exact defined change that these isotopes incur on the peptides, it is possible to tell through the spectrometry ... The most commonly labelled molecules are antibodies, proteins, amino acids and peptides which are then used as specific probes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_tag

Nissen P, Hansen J, Ban N, Moore PB, Steitz TA (August 2000). "The structural basis of ribosome activity in peptide bond ... structure RNA virus DNA History of RNA Biology List of RNA Biologists RNA Society Macromolecule RNA-based evolution Aptamer RNA ... and the catalysis of peptide bond formation in the ribosome; these are known as ribozymes. According to the length of RNA chain ... determination of the structure of the ribosome-an RNA-protein complex that catalyzes peptide bond formation-revealed that its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA

Ma, Xiao; Gosai, Agnivo; Balasubramanian, Ganesh; Shrotriya, Pranav (May 2019). "Force spectroscopy of the thrombin-aptamer ... RNA Polymerase Targeting Lasso Peptides Produced by Human Isolates of Acinetobacter gyllenbergii and Klebsiella pneumoniae". ... and its DNA aptamer. A recently developed technique, acoustic force spectroscopy (AFS), allows the force manipulation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_spectroscopy

They are usually artificial peptides or proteins with a molar mass of about 3 to 20 kDa. (Antibodies are ~150 kDa.) Nucleic ... "Rapid identification and development of SARS-CoV-2 selective Optimers". Aptamer Group. Retrieved 2021-08-03. Hantschel O (2017- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody_mimetic

The technique of peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) can be used to check a peptide's mass spectrum against a database of protein ... aptamers). Large numbers (dozens to hundreds) of immune-related cytokines and related markers can be simultaneously assayed in ... binding peptides Purification and identification of protein antigens binding specific antibodies (or other affinity reagents) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoproteomics

Commonly, peptides, antibodies, or small ligands, and small protein domains, such as HER-2 affibodies, have been applied to ... Liu CH, Ren J, Liu CM, Liu PK (January 2014). "Intracellular gene transcription factor protein-guided MRI by DNA aptamers in ... "Measurement of the degree of coupled isotopic enrichment of different positions in an antibiotic peptide by NMR". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging

Aptamers as Novel Binding Molecules on an Antimicrobial Peptide-Armored Composite Hydrogel Wound Dressing for Specific Removal ... Aptamers as Novel Binding Molecules on an Antimicrobial Peptide-Armored Composite Hydrogel ... We demonstrate that this material combining aptamer-mediated affinity and peptide-dependent pathogen eradication can ... A drug-loaded zone of the composite released the C14R antimicrobial peptide to deliver it directly to the bound pathogenic ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-36902270

Aptamer-based Detection and Binding of Peptide-MHC. Cassian Yee, MD, MD Anderson Cancer Center ... Nucleic acid tools, called aptamers, can be used to study specific peptide-MHC complexes on tumor and non-tumor cells. ... The team has begun to select aptamers which can recognize the peptide fragment from the protein called NY-ESO-1. ... on immune cells are responsible for holding on to the peptides in such a way that T cells can recognize the peptides, and kill ...

https://www.aacr.org/professionals/research-funding/funded-research/independent-research-grants/su2c-sharp-awards/2018-su2c-sharp-awards/

Small peptides, especially those derived from natural proteins as inhibitory peptide aptamers (iPAs), can produce highly ... AAV-encoded CaV2.2 peptide aptamer CBD3A6K for primary sensory neuron-targeted treatment of established neuropathic pain. Gene ... T-type/Cav3.2 channels\r, Peripheral nervous system\r, Dorsal root ganglia\r, Adeno-associated virus\r, Peptide aptamer\r, ... T-type/Cav3.2 channels; Peripheral nervous system; Dorsal root ganglia; Adeno-associated virus; Peptide aptamer; Neuropathic ...

https://journals.lww.com/pain/Fulltext/2022/12000/Targeting_intrinsically_disordered_regions.23.aspx?context=FeaturedArticles&collectionId=2

No antibodies, aptamers or peptides are required. Once the GMNP-AFB complex is formed, GMNPs facilitate rapid detection due to ... He, F.; Xiong, Y.; Liu, J.; Tong, F.; Yan, D. Construction of Au-IDE/CFP10-ESAT6 aptamer/DNA-AuNPs MSPQC for rapid detection of ... 29], magnetic beads coated with specific peptides yielded an 85-100% CE when used to separate Mycobacterium avium subsp. ... The use of antibodies and peptides for bacterial extraction in a matrix is a common practice. In a study by Foddai et al. [ ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/8/4/128/htm

Peptide aptamers: Novel Coatings for Orthopaedic Implants Material Science and Engineering C. 54, 83 ... Antimicrobial peptide coatings for hydroxyapatite: Electrostatic and covalent attachment of antimicrobial peptides to surfaces ... Directly bonding antimicrobial peptide mimics to steel and the real world applications of these materials MATERIALS SCIENCE & ... Topical delivery of Anti-VEGF Drugs to the Ocular Posterior Segment using cell penetrating Peptides IOVS. 1(58), 5 ...

https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/pharmacy/people/felicity.decogan

... immunoadsorption using peptides/proteins or aptamers as binders are introduced. The use of peptides or aptamers for in vivo ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24777744/?dopt=Abstract

Force spectroscopy is employed to probe the strength of single peptide aptamer bonds. A dual-trap geometry allows for direct ...

https://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/MAR11/Session/B39.5

Search for 3 Or 4 Amino Acid Residues In The Peptide Chain Patents and Patent Applications (Class 514/21.9) Filed with the ... The PAR2 agonists include small organic molecules, antibodies, and aptamers. In addition, the PAR2 agonist may be a PAR2 ... Short peptides having these properties, and methods and uses of such short peptides in clinical and cosmetic applications are ... Dispersion including: a lipid peptide type compound in which peptide portion formed by repetition of at least two or more ...

https://patents.justia.com/patents-by-us-classification/514/21.9

A basis set of de novo coiled-coil peptide oligomers for rational protein design and synthetic biology. Fletcher, J. M., Boyle ... Accessibility, Reactivity, and Selectivity of Side Chains within a Channel of de Novo Peptide Assembly. Burton, A. J., Thomas, ... A synthetic biology approach to fighting Francisella tularensis: Development of aptamer presenting DNA-nanorings. *Brady, R L ( ...

https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/projects/a-synthetic-biology-approach-to-fighting-francisella-tularensis-d

Aptamers are molecules of peptides or oligonucleotides that bind to a specific protein, lipid, or nucleic acid molecules. ... Aptamers are easily synthesized and used for protein detection, inhibition, and characterization. Aptamers could be… ... The Global Aptamers Market size accounted for USD 1,229 Million in 2021 and is expected to reach the value of USD 5,957 Million ... Aptamers Market Size is Estimated to Reach USD 5,957 Million by 2030 ...

https://www.openpr.com/news/2749459/automotive-camera-market-industry-analysis-automotive-camera

We here exemplify the use of synthetic molecules such as DNA aptamers and peptide aptamers (Affimers), as alternatives to ... Impedimetric and Field-Effect DNA and Peptide Aptamer Sensors for Medical and Environmental Applications. Pedro Estrela, ... We review recent results developing multiplexed sensors, using aptamer modified nanomaterials and nanopores for the detection ... aptamer-based biorecognition, isotrhermal DNA amplification and text-based readout technologies. Examples will be provided to ...

http://selectbiosciences.com/conferences/agenda.aspx?pid=5367&conf=bdb2017

The nanobots were programmed to attach only to cancer cells by including a DNA aptamer (i.e., oligonucleotide or peptide ... The motor was created in several sizes and could carry peptides designed to target and kill specific cancer cells. The ... In this case the DNA aptamer directly targeted nucleolin, which is specifically found on tumor-associated endothelial cells. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41698-018-0055-0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=830d6c1c-bfe5-42e5-a3d8-6aa25fc11070

... binding of aptamers and peptides or proteins, etc., as well as first-order analysis of reaction kinetics. ... peptides and other biomacromolecules lie at the heart of biology, physiology, and medicine. By providing a direct window into ...

https://www.wyatt.com/solutions/properties/label-free-interactions-by-light-scattering.html

... no evidence shows that amino acids thus carried by the RNA aptamers would form peptide bonds, especially in any realistic ... The DRT model RNA aptamers, however, bind amino acids using weaker non-covalent associations. As a result, the RNA aptamers ... Ordered peptides themselves are envisioned as being of value in the RNA-based biosphere such that there was a selection for the ... even if an ensemble of RNA aptamers aligned in close proximity to one another, and even if they did so in a way that would in ...

https://evolutionnews.org/2011/08/direct_rna_templating_a_failed/

... peptides or aptamers have to conjugate with NPs to prepare targeting nanoparticles. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA ... The aptamer CCFM641-5 (AP) is an aptamer specifically for BF and was used to guide targeting binding between BF and AP-PFH/PLGA ... 5ʹ-NH2-modified CCFM641-5 aptamer and 5ʹ-FAM-modified CCFM641-5 aptamer were synthesized by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd (Shanghai, ... Guided by aptamers, AP-PFH/PLGA NPs can target BF in tumor. In the third step, when a large amount of NPs accumulate in the ...

https://www.dovepress.com/bifidobacterium-bifidum-mediated-specific-delivery-of-nanoparticles-fo-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN

Coupling newly developed nanomaterials with other recognition elements such as nanobodies, peptide aptamers, and protein ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=DNA+or+Deoxyribonucleic+acid&f1=TI&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=DNA+or+Deoxyribonucleic+acid&terms=3&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&f2=KW&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&D1=10&EndYear=&PageNo=11&RecNo=106&View=f&

Peptides, Proteins, Enzymes, cDNAs, Aptamers, Adjuvants and ODNs(1467) * IHC/ICC Slides and Lysates for Westerns(359) ... Recombinant (E.Coli) Human Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1/GLP1, 7-36) ... Measles Virus Hemagglutinin Mosaic (1-30,115-150,379-410) peptide (>95%, no tag) ...

https://4adi.com/4adi/recombinant-e-coli-herpes-simplex-virus-2-gg-hsv-2-gg-22832-p.html

Peptides, Proteins, Enzymes, cDNAs, Aptamers, Adjuvants and ODNs(1467) * IHC/ICC Slides and Lysates for Westerns(359) ...

https://4adi.com/4adi/primary-antibodies-2428-c.html

Vaccigel ELISA, Infectious Disease, Vaccine ELISA, Peptides, Animal Diseases & Vaccine ELISA, Animal Health Tests-Laboratory ... Aptamers, Adjuvants, ODNs, IHC/ICC Slides, Lysates, TruStrip Rapid Tests, ELISA instruments, Vaccigel ELISA, Humanized ... home of Vaccine ELISA, custom antibodies & peptides, ELISA kits from Adenovirus Virus to Zika Virus. Humanized Therapeutic ...

https://www.4adi.com/4adi/home.html

... a case study of site-directed low-frequency random mutagenesis for dissecting target specificity of peptide aptamers.. Mol Cell ... a case study of site-directed low-frequency random mutagenesis for dissecting target specificity of peptide aptamers.. Mol Cell ... Application to peptide conformers.. J Phys Chem B, 113(29):9728-40. ...

http://www.ens-lyon.fr/LBMC/equipes/simbio/publications

... peptides, aptamers, biotin, chemical reagents, and chromatographic substrates. Once synthesized, these arrays can be used to ...

https://www.worldcat.org/title/protein-arrays-methods-and-protocols/oclc/56418875

Tissue Click: Creating peptide-aptamer biomimetic technologies for clinical applications How Innovate UK KTN helped Tissue ...

https://ktn-uk.org/knowledge-centre/

... two business lead peptide aptamers are under analysis: PA11 and PA50. Like the little molecule inhibitors of hsp27, peptide ... The second method of concentrating on hsp27 utilizes peptide aptamers that bind towards the proteins and disrupt buy 537705-08- ... peptide aptamers both bind right to hsp27 protein and disrupt its function. C) Antisense oligonucleotide OGX-427 binds towards ... Proteins aptamers are little amino acidity sequences that can bind to a particular proteins area.40 The aptamer was created to ...

http://www.bioinf.org/2018/09/29/heat-shock-proteins-are-crucial-players-in-the-introduction-of-cancer/

... peptides, drug-antibody conjugates, aptamers, or monoclonal antibodies to facilitate their delivery. ... Anti-PEG Antibodies Inhibit the Anticoagulant Activity of PEGylated Aptamers. Cell Chemical Biology, 26(5), pp.634-644.e3. www. ...

https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/What-are-Anti-PEG-Antibodies-and-Why-are-they-Useful.aspx

... cyclic peptide against C3)6 and avacincaptad pegol (pegylated RNA aptamer against C5)7 via intravitreal administration. ... Ocular delivery of proteins and peptides: challenges and novel formulation approaches. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018; 126: 67-95. [ ...

https://tvst.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2783791

Aptamer Based Imprinting of SS DNA for Biodetection. 22:30 CST / 16:30 CEST. Keynote. Yan Zhao Molecularly imprinted ... Biomimetic Peptide Binders and Affinity Nanointerfaces for Synergetic Cancer Theranostics. 17:55 CST / 11:55 CEST. Invited. ... Molecular imprinting with DNA aptamers and nanozymes. 21:00 CST / 15:00 CEST. Invited. Huiqi Zhang. Complex biological sample- ... Preparation of two different peptide-MIPs for cancer remedy. 17:15 CST / 11:15 CEST. Invited. Kaiguang Yang. Molecular ...

https://www.rsc.org/events/detail/74384/international-symposium-on-molecular-imprinting-technology-for-biomedical-applications-biomed-mit-2022/speakers/keynote

... proteins and peptides and cell targets. Delivering the potential for increased success in discovery over a broader target range ... Aptamer Group signs deal with Flip Gene Therapeutics to support the development of inducible gene therapies. 16-Jun-2022 ... Aptamer Group, the developer of novel Optimer binders to enable innovation in the life sciences industry, has negotiated a deal ... Dr Arron Tolley, CEO of Aptamer Group, said: "I am delighted to have established this agreement to develop Optimer binders to ...

https://www.manufacturingchemist.com/news/article_page/Aptamer_Group_signs_deal_with_Flip_Gene_Therapeutics_to_support_the_development_of_inducible_gene_therapies/201563

Synthetic peptide synthesis and aptamers preparation. High-throughput qPCR service: gene expression. ...

https://cebiotech.com/

... these difficulties because the Affimer peptide structure presents none of the chemical limitations associated with aptamers, ... This technology was showcased by selecting aptamers to ?-thrombin and human factors IXa, X and D, with the identified aptamers ... These include limitations in the aptamer library being screened, the retention of non-specific aptamers during the screening ... where the enriched pool of aptamers are amplified to be used in the next round of selection. Finally, the enriched aptamer pool ...

https://avacta.com/2015-04-23/

Small peptides, especially those derived from natural proteins as inhibitory peptide aptamers (iPAs), can produce highly effective and selective blockade of specific nociceptive molecular pathways to reduce pain with minimal off-target effects. (lww.com)
In this context, immunoadsorption using peptides/proteins or aptamers as binders are introduced. (nih.gov)
Ubiquitous in all life forms and central to any research or development program involving biomolecules, the interactions between proteins, nucleic acids, peptides and other biomacromolecules lie at the heart of biology, physiology, and medicine. (wyatt.com)
The 1st involves developing little substances that bind towards the proteins straight and inhibit its function.23, 24 The next utilizes proteins aptamers that bind the proteins and disrupt function.25 The 3rd approach employs an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), which targets the mRNA that encodes for hsp27, thus avoiding translation from the protein. (bioinf.org)
The second method of concentrating on hsp27 utilizes peptide aptamers that bind towards the proteins and disrupt buy 537705-08-1 its function (Body 3b). (bioinf.org)
Proteins aptamers are little amino acidity sequences that can bind to a particular proteins area.40 The aptamer was created to outcompete the protein that could bind compared to that domain, thus inhibiting its function. (bioinf.org)
Due to these unique characteristics, PEG has found itself being used in the field of biopharmaceuticals as a coating for drugs made of proteins, peptides, drug-antibody conjugates, aptamers, or monoclonal antibodies to facilitate their delivery. (news-medical.net)
The Optimer platform consists of three parallel target-type specific discovery processes for small molecules, proteins and peptides and cell targets. (manufacturingchemist.com)
Custom develop aptamers against small to large proteins. (aptagen.com)
Project 4 will develop aptamers to target proteins and will work with Project 5 to develop antibodies to target proteins that will go to Projects 1 and 2 for ex vivo nanosenor development. (stanford.edu)
Caught in action: selecting Peptide aptamers against intrinsically disordered proteins in live cells. (vu.nl)

Ordered peptides themselves are envisioned as being of value in the RNA-based biosphere such that there was a selection for the origination, and subsequent incremental enhancement, of protein-synthesizing (translation) machinery. (evolutionnews.org)
Coupling newly developed nanomaterials with other recognition elements such as nanobodies, peptide aptamers, and protein receptors would open up new avenues for electrochemical immunoassays and further extend their applications. (cdc.gov)
The authors present protocols to create and immobilize the capture substrate-the first task in designing a protein array-using a variety of affinity capture reagents, including antibodies, peptides, aptamers, biotin, chemical reagents, and chromatographic substrates. (worldcat.org)
Designing of peptide aptamer targeting the receptor-binding domain of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2: an in silico study. (cdc.gov)
First, we will use mass spectrometry to characterize tumors/serum for protein profiles, and then we will develop corresponding antibodies/aptamers that will be linked to nanosensors for high sensitivity target cell surface antigens and potentially intracellular targets. (stanford.edu)
These tools contribute to analysis of various aspects in the designing of RNA aptamers like tertiary structure prediction of RNA, protein folding, motif prediction, database search and structure analysis and design. (biotecharticles.com)

While antibodies are highly effective for a wide range of applications, there are unique aptamer advantages that can overcome some difficult scientific challenges. (mamul.am)

We demonstrate that this material combining aptamer-mediated affinity and peptide -dependent pathogen eradication can quantitatively remove bacterial cells from the " wound " surface, and we show that the surface-trapped bacteria are completely killed. (bvsalud.org)
These advantages over the standard antibody affinity reagent have meant that aptamers are well placed to serve as antibody alternatives to the research, diagnostic and therapeutic markets. (avacta.com)
Despite the multiple rounds of panning involved in SELEX aimed to increase the stringency in aptamer selection, all too often this process fails to deliver an aptamer with the required characteristics to be used as an affinity reagent. (avacta.com)
These include limitations in the aptamer library being screened, the retention of non-specific aptamers during the screening rounds, the accumulation of amplification artefacts that reduce yields and impede the enrichment of a high-affinity aptamer pool and the unintended isolation of candidate aptamers lacking sufficient specificity for the target due, in part, to the use of ion-exchange binding mechanisms that do not reflect therapeutic activity. (avacta.com)
Affimer technology overcomes these difficulties because the Affimer peptide structure presents none of the chemical limitations associated with aptamers, allowing high-affinity, specific Affimer binders to truly be developed to any target. (avacta.com)
While the need for antibody alternatives is increasing the problems inherent in aptamers makes Affimer technology the optimal affinity reagent for researchers. (avacta.com)
Epitope peptides of aptamer‐ C‐Met complexes were identified by proteolytic affinity‐ mass spectrometry in combination with SPR biosensor analysis (PROTEX‐SPR‐MS), using high‐pressure proteolysis for efficient digestion. (pressurebiosciences.com)

A two-layered hydrogel composite material was constructed based on an established eight-membered focused anti-P. aeruginosa polyclonal aptamer library , which was chemically crosslinked to the material surface to form a trapping zone for efficient binding of the pathogen. (bvsalud.org)
The enriched polyclonal pool is sequenced and thousands of aptamer sequences are provided. (aptagen.com)
Client will have access to all the data generated from the polyclonal aptamer pool in Phase I (millions of sequences). (aptagen.com)

A drug -loaded zone of the composite released the C14R antimicrobial peptide to deliver it directly to the bound pathogenic cells . (bvsalud.org)
Directly bonding antimicrobial peptide mimics to steel and the real world applications of these materials MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Aptamers are peptide molecules that bind to a given specific target molecule. (biotecharticles.com)

Aptamers are generated by SELEX, which is an iterative in vitro process entailing three main steps: 1) binding, where the target molecule is incubated with a random library of oligonucleotide aptamers 2) separation of the target bound aptamers from unbound ones and 3) amplification, where the enriched pool of aptamers are amplified to be used in the next round of selection. (avacta.com)
es in mind the researchers developed a new platform, termed high-fidelity SELEX or Hi-Fi SELEX, that they hope will accelerate and improve the selection of DNA aptamers by overcoming some of the limitations of the current SELEX methodology. (avacta.com)
Here we report a molecular interaction study of human C‐Met expressed in kidney cells with two DNA aptamers of 60 and 64 bases, obtained using the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) procedure. (pressurebiosciences.com)
Aptamers are developed through the SELEX process and over the years these have become primary tools for aptamer synthesis. (mamul.am)
Over the past three decades, since the invention of SELEX by Larry Gold and Jack William in the 1990, the technology has seen several modifications to streamline and standardized aptamer-isolation process. (mamul.am)

Flexibility of aptamers offer wider applications as they can be developed against molecules as small as 60 Daltons this means aptamers can target molecules that are ten times smaller than antibody targets. (mamul.am)

Calcineurin A versus NS5A-TP2/HD domain containing 2: a case study of site-directed low-frequency random mutagenesis for dissecting target specificity of peptide aptamers. (ens-lyon.fr)

The agreement will see Aptamer Group develop Optimer binders to several small molecule targets. (manufacturingchemist.com)
Together these limitations may ultimately prevent the development of aptamers to therapeutically relevant targets. (avacta.com)
At least 200 aptamer candidates are synthesized on microarray for semi-quantitative assessment against positive and counter targets to determine the top 5 candidates for further characterization. (aptagen.com)

This indicates a high unmet need of patients thus, paving a way for aptamer - based solutions due to their advantages over traditional antibody-based therapies. (mamul.am)

Specificities and affinities were ascertained by SPR analysis of the synthetic epitope peptides. (pressurebiosciences.com)
A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). (nih.gov)

Aptamer Group, the developer of novel Optimer binders to enable innovation in the life sciences industry, has negotiated a deal with the biotechnology company Flip Gene Therapeutics to support its novel, inducible gene therapy platform with the use of Optimer technology. (manufacturingchemist.com)
Dr Arron Tolley, CEO of Aptamer Group, said: "I am delighted to have established this agreement to develop Optimer binders to enable inducible treatments in this exciting field of gene therapy. (manufacturingchemist.com)

Additionally, aptamers do not require immune response and binding of tertiary aptamer structures to target molecules. (mamul.am)

Other noteworthy developments in modifications of aptamers, include the addition of functional units of non-nucleic origin and nucleotide modifications, which further improves aptamer performance. (mamul.am)
Target molecule is incubated along with the oligonucleotide library allowing for nucleic acids to bind to them resulting in the formation of aptamers. (mamul.am)

C‐Met aptamers have been considered a useful tool for detection of cancer biomarkers. (pressurebiosciences.com)

A linear epitope, C‐Met (381‐393) was identified for CLN0004, while the CLN0003 aptamer revealed an assembled epitope comprised of two peptide sequences, C‐Met (524‐543) and C‐Met (557‐568). (pressurebiosciences.com)

Finally, the enriched aptamer pool is analysed by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to identify candidate aptamers. (avacta.com)
The most promising aptamer candidates are identified using proprietary bioinformatics. (aptagen.com)
Understanding their basic mechanism, processes and creation of RNA aptamers is where the concept of in silico designing comes into the picture In silico designing of RNA aptamers has gained much achievement due to the use of easy to use and apply bioinformatics tool. (biotecharticles.com)

Single stranded oligonucleotide ligands, known as aptamers, can be raised to theoretically any target and have rapid development times of up to 12 weeks. (avacta.com)

Here we present for the first time a potential wound dressing material implementing aptamers as binding entities to remove pathogenic cells from newly contaminated surfaces of wound matrix-mimicking collagen gels . (bvsalud.org)
Aptamer development process does not involve animals or living cells thus, making it possible to select aptamers for toxic compounds such as zootoxins and pathogenic bacteria. (mamul.am)

A method of generating a large library of randomized nucleotides and selecting NUCLEOTIDE APTAMERS by iterative rounds of in vitro selection. (bvsalud.org)

Stability of Cell-Penetrating Peptide anti-VEGF Formulations for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Global Challenges. (nottingham.ac.uk)

To ensure the development of more effective aptamer-based therapies candidates, several players have developed novel aptamer technologies that can be used for research, drug delivery and diagnostic applications. (mamul.am)

The use of peptides or aptamers for in vivo neutralization of GPCR-AABs is also described. (nih.gov)
Custom develop aptamers targeting organs and tissues in vivo for drug delivery or imaging applications. (aptagen.com)

Force spectroscopy is employed to probe the strength of single peptide aptamer bonds. (aps.org)

Understanding their basic mechanism, processes and creation of RNA aptamers is where the concept of in silico designing comes into the picture In silico designing of RNA aptamers has gained mu. (biotecharticles.com)

Yarus and his supporters maintain that specific peptides were first made by ordering carboxyl-activated amino acids using amino acid sites in an RNA template. (evolutionnews.org)
A modified procedure substitutes AMINO ACIDS in place of NUCLEOTIDES to make PEPTIDE APTAMERS . (bvsalud.org)

The talk will focus on the development of printable components to produce easily manufactured bioactive paper sensors with a range of capabilities, including integrated sample preparation, aptamer-based biorecognition, isotrhermal DNA amplification and text-based readout technologies. (selectbiosciences.com)

Custom develop aptamers against various tissues. (aptagen.com)

The chemistry of the target-display surface and composition of the equilibration solvent were also engineered to inhibit the non-specific retention of aptamers improving partition efficiencies. (avacta.com)
Custom develop aptamers against your unique target. (aptagen.com)

This platform is designed to enhance the diversity of the initial ap tamer library and reduce the number of selection rounds required to identify therapeutically relevant aptamers. (avacta.com)
thrombin and human factors IXa, X and D, with the identified aptamers offering nM order dissociation constants (Kd) achieved within three selection rounds. (avacta.com)

Currently, aptamers for small molecule drugs, peptides, dyes and viral particles have been developed successfully. (mamul.am)

Ma Wentao describes the DRT scenario as "attractive because it should be the simplest mechanism for RNA to synthesize peptides, thus very likely to have been adopted initially in the RNA world. (evolutionnews.org)

To achieve this blocking elements in the form of complimentary oligonucleotides were bound to the constant regions of the aptamer to prevent the aptamer folding upon itself, thus preserving the functional diversity of the library. (avacta.com)

Presently, two business lead peptide aptamers are under analysis: PA11 and PA50. (bioinf.org)
High affinities (K D , 80‐510 nM) were determined for aptamer‐ C‐Met complexes, with two‐step binding suggested by kinetic analysis. (pressurebiosciences.com)

The present technology provides compositions related to aromatic-cationic peptides linked to a therapeutic biological molecule and uses of the same. (justia.com)

Like the little molecule inhibitors of hsp27, peptide aptamers aren't effective independently but are accustomed to sensitize malignancies to various other therapies. (bioinf.org)

Custom develop aptamers against peptides. (aptagen.com)
Custom develop aptamers against transfected cell lines for surface binding or internal targeting. (aptagen.com)

We are inventing the future of medicine by developing powerful new peptides for drug delivery into the central nervous system, hydorgels that "sense" and "respond" to the tissue micro-environment, and stem cell reprogramming strategies to drive neurogenesis in the injured spinal cord. (uw.edu)

Anatomy4

Organisms4

Chemicals and Drugs61

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes29

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

Peptide aptamers targeting the hepatitis B virus core protein: a new class of molecules with antiviral activity. (1/64)

Identification of the first Rho-GEF inhibitor, TRIPalpha, which targets the RhoA-specific GEF domain of Trio. (2/64)

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor trio activates the phagocyte NADPH oxidase in the absence of GDP to GTP exchange on Rac. "The emperor's nw clothes". (3/64)

Ultra high-speed sorting. (4/64)

T2-TrpRS inhibits preretinal neovascularization and enhances physiological vascular regrowth in OIR as assessed by a new method of quantification. (5/64)

Peptide aptamer-mediated inhibition of target proteins by sequestration into aggresomes. (6/64)

Peptide aptamers that bind to a geminivirus replication protein interfere with viral replication in plant cells. (7/64)

Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta1-induced signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by the Smad-binding peptide aptamer Trx-SARA. (8/64)

Aptamers, Nucleotide

Aptamers, Peptide

Peptides

Peptide Library

Peptide Fragments

Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides

Base Sequence

Molecular Sequence Data

Peptides, Cyclic

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Protein Binding

Peptide Mapping

RNA

Amino Acid Sequence

Oligopeptides

Binding Sites

Oligonucleotides

Surface Plasmon Resonance

Oligoribonucleotides

Directed Molecular Evolution

Natriuretic Peptide, Brain

Biosensing Techniques

Models, Molecular

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques

DNA, Catalytic

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide

Streptavidin

Cell-Penetrating Peptides

Kinetics

Protein Conformation

Peptide Biosynthesis

Protein Structure, Secondary

Gene Library

Protein Footprinting

Peptide YY

Peptide Nucleic Acids

Binding, Competitive

Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type

Epitopes

Natriuretic Peptides

Cell Line

G-Quadruplexes

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Structure-Activity Relationship

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide

Ligands

Substrate Specificity

Receptors, Formyl Peptide

Peptide PHI

Peptide Synthases

Cloning, Molecular

Peptide Hydrolases

Receptors, Peptide

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Proteins

Fluorine Compounds

DNA, Single-Stranded

Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Proteins

Mass Spectrometry

Thrombin

Protein Precursors

Drug Delivery Systems

Escherichia coli

Riboswitch

Trypsin

DNA Primers

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Drug Design

Molecular Probes

Amino Acids

DNA

Molecular Probe Techniques

Cattle

Opioid Peptides

Cell Line, Tumor

Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy