Aprotinin. Medical search

A single-chain polypeptide derived from bovine tissues consisting of 58 amino-acid residues. It is an inhibitor of proteolytic enzymes including CHYMOTRYPSIN; KALLIKREIN; PLASMIN; and TRYPSIN. It is used in the treatment of HEMORRHAGE associated with raised plasma concentrations of plasmin. It is also used to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients at high risk of major blood loss during and following open heart surgery with EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)

Agents acting to arrest the flow of blood. Absorbable hemostatics arrest bleeding either by the formation of an artificial clot or by providing a mechanical matrix that facilitates clotting when applied directly to the bleeding surface. These agents function more at the capillary level and are not effective at stemming arterial or venous bleeding under any significant intravascular pressure.

Agents that prevent fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus. Several endogenous antiplasmins are known. The drugs are used to control massive hemorrhage and in other coagulation disorders.

Exogenous or endogenous compounds which inhibit SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.

An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.

Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.

Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.

A form of SILICON DIOXIDE composed of skeletons of prehistoric aquatic plants which is used for its ABSORPTION quality, taking up 1.5-4 times its weight in water. The microscopic sharp edges are useful for insect control but can also be an inhalation hazard. It has been used in baked goods and animal feed. Kieselguhr is German for flint + earthy sediment.

Hemorrhage following any surgical procedure. It may be immediate or delayed and is not restricted to the surgical wound.

Diversion of the flow of blood from the entrance of the right atrium directly to the aorta (or femoral artery) via an oxygenator thus bypassing both the heart and lungs.

Amino derivatives of caproic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the amino caproic acid structure.

The time required by whole blood to produce a visible clot.

The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Control of bleeding during or after surgery.

Proteolytic enzymes from the serine endopeptidase family found in normal blood and urine. Specifically, Kallikreins are potent vasodilators and hypotensives and increase vascular permeability and affect smooth muscle. They act as infertility agents in men. Three forms are recognized, PLASMA KALLIKREIN (EC 3.4.21.34), TISSUE KALLIKREIN (EC 3.4.21.35), and PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (EC 3.4.21.77).

Surgery performed on the heart.

The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: "high ridge"), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).

Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It includes monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and laboratory tests.

A generic term used to describe a group of polypeptides with related chemical structures and pharmacological properties that are widely distributed in nature. These peptides are AUTACOIDS that act locally to produce pain, vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, and the synthesis of prostaglandins. Thus, they comprise a subset of the large number of mediators that contribute to the inflammatory response. (From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p588)

Surgery performed on the thoracic organs, most commonly the lungs and the heart.

A product of the lysis of plasminogen (profibrinolysin) by PLASMINOGEN activators. It is composed of two polypeptide chains, light (B) and heavy (A), with a molecular weight of 75,000. It is the major proteolytic enzyme involved in blood clot retraction or the lysis of fibrin and quickly inactivated by antiplasmins.

A technique to arrest the flow of blood by lowering BODY TEMPERATURE to about 20 degrees Centigrade, usually achieved by infusing chilled perfusate. The technique provides a bloodless surgical field for complex surgeries.

Drugs which have received FDA approval for human testing but have yet to be approved for commercial marketing. This includes drugs used for treatment while they still are undergoing clinical trials (Treatment IND). The main heading includes drugs under investigation in foreign countries.

Drugs whose drug name is not protected by a trademark. They may be manufactured by several companies.

The relative equivalency in the efficacy of different modes of treatment of a disease, most often used to compare the efficacy of different pharmaceuticals to treat a given disease.

Drugs considered essential to meet the health needs of a population as well as to control drug costs.

Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.

Serine proteinase inhibitors which inhibit trypsin. They may be endogenous or exogenous compounds.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

A pancreatic trypsin inhibitor common to all mammals. It is secreted with the zymogens into the pancreatic juice. It is a protein composed of 56 amino acid residues and is different in amino acid composition and physiological activity from the Kunitz bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (APROTININ).

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.

The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.

Abnormally low BODY TEMPERATURE that is intentionally induced in warm-blooded animals by artificial means. In humans, mild or moderate hypothermia has been used to reduce tissue damages, particularly after cardiac or spinal cord injuries and during subsequent surgeries.

Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.

Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of inherited abnormalities in blood coagulation.

The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p411, p2005 & p283)

Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion.

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

Apparatus that provides mechanical circulatory support during open-heart surgery, by passing the heart to facilitate surgery on the organ. The basic function of the machine is to oxygenate the body's venous supply of blood and then pump it back into the arterial system. The machine also provides intracardiac suction, filtration, and temperature control. Some of the more important components of these machines include pumps, oxygenators, temperature regulators, and filters. (UMDNS, 1999)

Dilation of an occluded coronary artery (or arteries) by means of a balloon catheter to restore myocardial blood supply.

A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)

The geographic area of New England in general and when the specific state or states are not indicated. States usually included in this region are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.

Insulin-like growth factors I and II are unable to form and maintain their native disulfides under in vivo redox conditions. (1/706)

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I does not quantitatively form its three native disulfide bonds in the presence of 10 mM reduced and 1 mM oxidized glutathione in vitro [Hober, S. et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 1749-1756]. In this paper, we show (i) that both IGF-I and IGF-II are unable to form and maintain their native disulfide bonds at redox conditions that are similar to the situation in the secretory vesicles in vivo and (ii) that the presence of protein disulfide isomerase does not overcome this problem. The results indicate that the previously described thermodynamic disulfide exchange folding problem of IGF-I in vitro is also present in vivo. Speculatively, we suggest that the thermodynamic disulfide exchange properties of IGF-I and II are biologically significant for inactivation of the unbound growth factors by disulfide exchange reactions to generate variants destined for rapid clearance. (+info)

Activation of Xenopus eggs by proteases: possible involvement of a sperm protease in fertilization. (2/706)

Egg activation in cross-fertilization between Xenopus eggs and Cynops sperm may be caused by a protease activity against Boc-Gly-Arg-Arg-MCA in the sperm acrosome. To determine the role of the sperm protease in fertilization, the protease was purified from Cynops sperm using several chromatographic techniques. We found that purified sperm protease readily hydrolyzes Boc-Gly-Arg-Arg-MCA and Z-Arg-Arg-MCA, that protease activity was inhibited by the trypsin inhibitors aprotinin and leupeptin, and that not only the purified protease, but also cathepsin B, induces activation in Xenopus eggs. We inseminated unfertilized Xenopus eggs with homologous sperm in the presence of various peptidyl MCA substrates or protease inhibitors and demonstrated that trypsin inhibitors or MCA substrates containing Arg-Arg-MCA reversibly inhibited fertilization of both fully jellied and denuded eggs. Sperm motility was not affected by the reagents. An extract obtained from Xenopus sperm showed hydrolytic activity against Boc-Gly-Arg-Arg-MCA, Z-Arg-Arg-MCA, and Arg-MCA. These results suggest that the tryptic protease in Xenopus sperm is involved in fertilization, most likely by participating in egg activation. (+info)

Allosteric modulation of BPTI interaction with human alpha- and zeta-thrombin. (3/706)

In this study, thrombin interaction with the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) was investigated in the presence of different allosteric modulators of thrombin, that is the C-terminal hirudin peptide 54-65 (Hir54-65), a recombinant thrombomodulin form (TMEGF4-6) and Na+. BPTI binding to alpha-thrombin is positively linked to Na+. Under low sodium concentration (5 mM Na+) the BPTI affinity for alpha-thrombin was roughly threefold lower than in the presence of 150 mM sodium (Ki = 320 microM vs. 100 microM). The hirudin fragment, which binds to the fibrinogen recognition site (FRS) of thrombin, induced a progressive and saturable decrease (3.6-fold) of alpha-thrombin affinity for BPTI, whereas the thrombomodulin peptide, which binds to a more extended region of FRS, caused a 5.5-fold increase of the enzyme affinity for the inhibitor. The opposite effect exerted by Hir54-65 and TMEGF4-6 was also observed for BPTI interaction with zeta-thrombin, in which the amidic bond between W148 and T149 is cleaved. However, in this case the effect by Hir54-65 and TMEGF4-6, although qualitatively similar to that observed with alpha-thrombin, had a smaller magnitude. Thrombin hydrolysis of Protein C was also differently affected by Hir54-65 and TMEGF4-6 peptides. While the latter enhanced the Protein C activation, the former caused a reduction of both alpha- and zeta-thrombin kcat/K(m)' for Protein C cleavage. These results showed that (a) Na+ facilitates BPTI interaction with thrombin; (b) Hir54-65 and TMEGF4-6, though sharing in part the same binding site at the thrombin FRS, can affect in opposite way thrombin's interaction with BPTI and Protein C; (c) such findings along with the results obtained with zeta-thrombin might be explained by admitting that the thermodynamic linkage between FRS and the critical W60-loop is also controlled by ligation and/or conformational state of the W148 insertion loop. (+info)

Strategy for balancing anticoagulation and hemostasis in aortocoronary bypass surgery: blood conservation and graft patency. (4/706)

The minimal effective dose of aprotinin on hemostasis under normothermic perfusion, the influence of anticoagulant therapy on graft patency, and the thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events were investigated after aortocoronary bypass graft operation (CABG). One hundred CABG patients under normothermic perfusion were randomly divided into the following groups: (1) coumadin plus acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (n=32); no aprotinin used during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); (2) minimal-dose, 10(6) KIU during CPB, aprotinin used, followed by ASA and coumadin (n=36); and (3) very low-dose, total of 2x10(6) KIU before CPB and during CPB; aprotinin used; anticoagulation therapy with heparin early after surgery and followed by replacement with ASA and coumadin (n=32). The patency of arterial grafts was 100% in all groups. The patency of vein grafts was 95-98% and there was no difference among the groups. The blood loss was significantly reduced in both aprotinin groups (groups 2 and 3) compared to the coumadin plus ASA group, although no difference existed between the 2 aprotinin groups. Postoperative thrombotic and hemorrhagic events were not observed in any group. From this study, it was concluded that 10(6) KIU aprotinin in pump-prime-only followed by oral ASA and coumadin was the recommendation from the benefit/cost consideration. (+info)

Comparison of anionic and cationic trypsinogens: the anionic activation domain is more flexible in solution and differs in its mode of BPTI binding in the crystal structure. (5/706)

Unlike bovine cationic trypsin, rat anionic trypsin retains activity at high pH. This alkaline stability has been attributed to stabilization of the salt bridge between the N-terminal Ile16 and Asp194 by the surface negative charge (Soman K, Yang A-S, Honig B, Fletterick R., 1989, Biochemistry 28:9918-9926). The formation of this salt bridge controls the conformation of the activation domain in trypsin. In this work we probe the structure of rat trypsinogen to determine the effects of the surface negative charge on the activation domain in the absence of the Ile16-Asp194 salt bridge. We determined the crystal structures of the rat trypsin-BPTI complex and the rat trypsinogen-BPTI complex at 1.8 and 2.2 A, respectively. The BPTI complex of rat trypsinogen resembles that of rat trypsin. Surprisingly, the side chain of Ile16 is found in a similar position in both the rat trypsin and trypsinogen complexes, although it is not the N-terminal residue and cannot form the salt bridge in trypsinogen. The resulting position of the activation peptide alters the conformation of the adjacent autolysis loop (residues 142-153). While bovine trypsinogen and trypsin have similar CD spectra, the CD spectrum of rat trypsinogen has only 60% of the intensity of rat trypsin. This lower intensity most likely results from increased flexibility around two conserved tryptophans, which are adjacent to the activation domain. The NMR spectrum of rat trypsinogen contains high field methyl signals as observed in bovine trypsinogen. It is concluded that the activation domain of rat trypsinogen is more flexible than that of bovine trypsinogen, but does not extend further into the protein core. (+info)

Effect of glycerol on the interactions and solubility of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. (6/706)

The effects of additives used to stabilize protein structure during crystallization on protein solution phase behavior are poorly understood. Here we investigate the effect of glycerol and ionic strength on the solubility and strength of interactions of the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. These two variables are found to have opposite effects on the intermolecular forces; attractions increase with [NaCl], whereas repulsions increase with glycerol concentration. These changes are mirrored in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor solubility where the typical salting out behavior for NaCl is observed with higher solubility found in buffers containing glycerol. The increased repulsions induced by glycerol can be explained by a number of possible mechanisms, all of which require small changes in the protein or the solvent in its immediate vicinity. Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor follows the same general phase behavior as other globular macromolecules where a robust correlation between protein solution second virial coefficient and solubility has been developed. This study extends previous reports of this correlation to solution conditions involving nonelectrolyte additives. (+info)

Hydroiodic acid attachment kinetics as a chemical probe of gaseous protein ion structure: bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. (7/706)

The kinetics of attachment of hydroiodic acid (HI) to the (M + 6H)6+ ions of native and reduced forms of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) in the quadrupole ion trap environment are reported. Distinctly nonlinear (pseudo first-order) reaction kinetics are observed for reaction of the native ions, indicating two or more noninterconverting structures in the parent ion population. The reduced form, on the other hand, shows very nearly linear reaction kinetics. Both forms of the parent ion attach a maximum of five molecules of hydroiodic acid. This number is expected based on the amino acid composition of the protein. There is a total of 11 strongly basic sites in the protein (i.e., six arginines, four lysines, and one N-terminus). An ion with protons occupying six of the basic sites has five available for hydroiodic acid attachment. The kinetics of successive attachment of HI to the native and reduced forms of BPTI also differ, particularly for the addition of the fourth and fifth HI molecules. A very simple kinetic model describes the behavior of the reduced form reasonably well, suggesting that all of the neutral basic sites in the reduced BPTI ions have roughly equal reactivity. However, the behavior of the native ion is not well-described by this simple model. The results are discussed within the context of differences in the three-dimensional structures of the ions that result from the presence or absence of the three disulfide linkages found in native BPTI. The HI reaction kinetics appears to have potential as a chemical probe of protein ion three-dimensional structure in the gas phase. Hydroiodic acid attachment chemistry is significantly different from other chemistries used to probe three-dimensional structure and hence, promises to yield complementary information. (+info)

Urokinase receptor (uPAR, CD87) is a platelet receptor important for kinetics and TNF-induced endothelial adhesion in mice. (8/706)

BACKGROUND: Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR, CD87) is a widely distributed 55-kD, glycoprotein I-anchored surface receptor. On binding of its ligand uPA, it is known to increase leukocyte adhesion and traffic. Using genetically deficient mice, we explored the role of uPAR in platelet kinetics and TNF-induced platelet consumption. METHODS AND RESULTS: Anti-uPAR antibody stained platelets from normal (+/+) but not from uPAR-/- mice, as seen by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. 51Cr-labeled platelets from uPAR-/- donors survived longer than those from +/+ donors when injected into a +/+ recipient. Intratracheal TNF injection induced thrombocytopenia and a platelet pulmonary localization, pronounced in +/+ but absent in uPAR-/- mice. Aprotinin, a plasmin inhibitor, decreased TNF-induced thrombocytopenia. TNF injection markedly reduced the survival and increased the pulmonary localization of 51Cr-labeled platelets from +/+ but not from uPAR-/- donors, indicating that it is the platelet uPAR that is critical for their response to TNF. As seen by electron microscopy, TNF injection increased the number of platelets and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the alveolar capillaries of +/+ mice, whereas in uPAR-/- mice, platelet trapping was insignificant and PMN trapping was slightly reduced. Platelets within alveolar capillaries of TNF-injected mice were activated, as judged from their shape, and this was evident in +/+ but not in uPAR-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate for the first time the critical role of platelet uPAR for kinetics as well as for activation and endothelium adhesion associated with inflammation. (+info)

... improve coronary endothelial function similarly to aprotinin. Unlike aprotinin, at high doses, their anti- ... CU-2010 and CU-2020 have the ability to inhibit plasmin to a similar extent as aprotinin, but they are 100,000 times better at ... CU-2010 and CU-2020 were developed to avoid many issues associated with the use of aprotinin, including the risk of an allergic ... Since the isolation of aprotinin is expensive, a drug with a simpler synthesis was desired. CU-2010 has a molecular weight of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CU-2010_and_CU-2020

Aprotinin 6.5 kDa 2.5 times weight Also known as BPTI (basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor) and Kunitz inhibitor. Best-known ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trypsin_inhibitor

Aprotinin and cardiac surgery: a sorry tale of evidence misused". Br J Anaesth. 110 (5): 675-8. doi:10.1093/bja/aet008. PMID ... Trasylol (Aprotinin) Trasylol is a trypsin inhibitor used to control bleeding during major surgery. In a 2006 meeting called by ... Trasylol (aprotinin), used to control bleeding during major surgery, was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2007 when ... "FDA Revises Labeling for Trasylol (Aprotinin Injection) to Strengthen Safety Warnings and Limit Usage of Drug to Specific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer

APROTININ 35. ORGANIC COMPOUND OF ARSENIC 36. ARTEETHER 37. ARTEMETHER 38. ARTESUNATE ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schedule_H

"Efficacy of Aprotinin, Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid, or Combination in Cyanotic Heart Disease". Annals of Thoracic Surgery. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panangipalli_Venugopal

Formulations from different manufacturers may also contain aprotinin, fibronectin, plasminogen, and factor XIII. Factors that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrin_glue

... eglin c and aprotinin". The Biochemical Journal. 313 (2): 555-60. doi:10.1042/bj3130555. PMC 1216943. PMID 8573092. Kikuchi T, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLPI

Prekallikrein Kinin-kallikrein system Kinin Aprotinin List of cutaneous conditions Raspi G (September 1996). "Kallikrein and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallikrein

"Tissue kallikrein in severe acute pancreatitis in patients treated with high-dose intraperitoneal aprotinin". Pancreas. 19 (4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallistatin

The antifibrinolytic drug aprotinin was abandoned after identification of major side effects, especially on kidney. ... fibrinolysis is assessed by comparing the TEM profile in the absence or presence of the fibrinolysis inhibitor aprotinin. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrinolysis

In 2004, LSBC announced an agreement with Sigma-Aldritch under which LSB would produce recombinant aprotinin in plants of the ... ProdiGene - was developing several proteins, including aprotinin, trypsin and a veterinary TGE vaccine in corn. Was in process ... Biomanufacturing Press Release Sigma catalog Aprotinin History of bankrupt biotech companies Cordis entry on Novoplant APHIS ... aprotinin, interferon Alpha 2a and 2b, G-CSF, and Hepatitis B vaccine antigens in tobacco. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharming_(genetics)

Fergusson, Dean; Glass, Kathleen Cranley; Hutton, Brian; Shapiro, Stan (2016). "Randomized controlled trials of aprotinin in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metascience

100 U/ml protease inhibitor, such as aprotinin. SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) lysis buffer[edit]. SDS is ionic denaturing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysis_buffer

The antifibrinolytic drug aprotinin was abandoned after identification of major side effects, especially on the kidney.[ ... compares the TEM in the absence or presence of the fibrinolysis inhibitor aprotinin. In severe cases of activated fibrinolysis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifibrinolytic

Aprotinin and cardiac surgery: a sorry tale of evidence misused". Br J Anaesth. 110 (5): 675-8. doi:10.1093/bja/aet008. PMID ... Trasylol (Aprotinin) Trasylol is a trypsin inhibitor used to control bleeding during major surgery. In a 2006 meeting called by ... "MedEffect - Health Canada's Response to the Final Report of the Expert Advisory Panel on Trasylol (aprotinin)".. ... "FDA Revises Labeling for Trasylol (Aprotinin Injection) to Strengthen Safety Warnings and Limit Usage of Drug to Specific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer_CropScience

Pandey, R; Deshpande, SB (August 2004). "Protective effects of aprotinin on respiratory and cardiac abnormalities induced by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamulotoxin

June 2010). "Production of pharmaceutical-grade recombinant aprotinin and a monoclonal antibody product using plant-based ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_Environmental_Genetic_Alteration_Agents

APTEM test is an EXTEM based assay in which fibrinolysis is inhibited by aprotinin in the reagent. A significant improvement of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboelastometry

Before its withdrawal, aprotinin was used in some forms of major surgery to decrease bleeding risk and need for blood products ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation

1-78 Repeatable measurement of local and zonal GFR in the rat kidney with aprotinin (sm.m. O. Tenstad og H. E. Williamson), i ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knut_Aukland

Examples of Kunitz-type protease inhibitors are aprotinin (bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, BPTI), Alzheimer's amyloid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunitz_domain

Clotting time measurements can be affected by drugs such as warfarin, aprotinin, and GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors, and physiologic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_clotting_time

... salivary proteins and aprotinin type protease inhibitors". The EMBO Journal. 9 (2): 385-93. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen,_type_VI,_alpha_3

... aprotinin, polysulphated glycosaminoglycan, skin derived fibroblasts etc.) for treating Achilles tendinopathy. As of 2014 there ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendinopathy

B02AA01 Aminocaproic acid B02AA02 Tranexamic acid B02AA03 Aminomethylbenzoic acid B02AB01 Aprotinin B02AB02 Alfa1 antitrypsin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_B02

... has been shown to interact with: A2-Macroglobulin, β-amyloid precursor protein, APBB1, APOE, Aprotinin, C1S/C1q inhibitor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LRP1

... aprotinin (INN) aptazapine (INN) aptiganel (INN) aptocaine (INN). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_drugs:_An–Ap

Aprotinin Bestatin Calpain inhibitor I and II Chymostatin E-64 Leupeptin (N-acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-argininal) alpha-2- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protease_inhibitor_(biology)

The Importance of Aprotinin and Pentoxifylline in Preventing the Leucocyte Sequestration and Lung İnjury Caused By Protamine at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enver_Duran

FDA Revises Labeling for Trasylol (Aprotinin Injection) to Strengthen Safety Warnings and Limit Usage of Drug to Specific ... Information for Healthcare Professionals Aprotinin Injection (marketed as Trasylol) text version. *Information for Healthcare ... Early Communication about an Ongoing Safety Review on Aprotinin Injection (marketed as Trasylol) ... aprotinin), notified the FDA of their intent to remove all remaining supplies of Trasylol from hospital pharmacies and ...

https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/aprotinin-injection-marketed-trasylol-information

Read the side effects of Aprotinin as described in the medical literature. In case of any doubt consult your doctor or ... Side effect(s) of Aprotinin Read the side effects of Aprotinin as described in the medical literature. In case of any doubt ... Aprotinin - Information. This product is derived from bovine lung tissue, which inhibits certain enzymes that increase the risk ... Aprotinin is a protease inhibitor, prescribed for reducing blood loss and the need for blood transfusion in patients undergoing ...

https://www.medindia.net/drugs/medication-side-effects/aprotinin.htm

Enzyme Reagent Aprotinin: Recombinant Animal-Free Alternative available through Sigma-Aldrich online. ... only thermolysin has been found capable of degrading aprotinin after heating to 60-80°C). The high basicity of aprotinin causes ... Our recombinant aprotinin avoids the issue of bovine pathogens altogether.. This protein is available. in the BioUltra Grade.. ... Aprotinin is freely soluble in water (,10 mg/mL) and in aqueous buffers of low ionic strengths. Dilute solutions are generally ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/metabolomics/enzyme-explorer/enzyme-reagents/aprotinin.html

Aprotinin is also available without a brand name, ie as the generic medicine.) ... Trasylol injection/infusion contains the active ingredient aprotinin. (NB. ... Trasylol injection/infusion contains the active ingredient aprotinin. (NB. Aprotinin is also available without a brand name, ie ... Trasylol injection/infusion contains the active ingredient aprotinin. (NB. Aprotinin is also available without a brand name, ie ...

http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/heart-and-blood/a7675/trasylol-aprotinin-licence-suspended-in-the-uk-november-2007/

Aprotinin, also known as bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, BPTI (Trasylol, Bayer) is a protein, that is used as medication ... Aprotinin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Spirapril.. Approved. St. Johns Wort. The metabolism of Aprotinin ... Aprotinin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Captopril.. Approved. Carbamazepine. The metabolism of Aprotinin can ... Aprotinin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Fosinopril.. Approved. Garlic. The serum concentration of Aprotinin ...

https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB06692

Aprotinin has been reported to reduce blood loss in difficult cases requiring cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and more recently ... Aprotinin profoundly inhibits fibrinolysis and this is likely to be the major effect by which blood loss is reduced. ... Aprotinin has been reported to reduce blood loss in difficult cases requiring cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and more recently ... Royston D, Taylor KM, Bidstrup BP, Sapsford RN (1987) Effect of Aprotinin on the need for blood transfusions after repeat open ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00649108

Aprotinin is largely used as an inhibitor of trypsin. Biochemical Physiological Actions Aprotinin is a competitive serine ... This binding is reversible, and most aprotinin-protease complexes will dissociate at extreme pH levels ,10 or ,3. Structurally ... Aprotinin is a monomeric globular protein derived from bovine lung that consists of 58 amino acids, arranged in a single ...

https://www.mpbio.com/0218056310-aprotinin-200-000-kiu-ml-api-cf

Beckerman Z, Shopen Y, Alon H, Cohen O, Nir RR, Adler Z, Bolotin G. Coronary artery bypass grafting after aprotinin: are we ... "Aprotinin" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... Goobie S. Should aprotinin be reconsidered for use in pediatric surgery? Paediatr Anaesth. 2014 Feb; 24(2):137-40. ... Differential effects of aprotinin and tranexamic acid on outcomes and cytokine profiles in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Aprotinin

Injectable; Injection; Aprotinin Bovine 1,000,000 IU / ml*Injectable; Injection; Aprotinin Bovine 10,000 IU / ml*Injectable; ... Injectable; Injection; Aprotinin Bovine 20,000 IU / ml*Injectable; Injection; Aprotinin Bovine 500,000 IU / ml. ...

http://drugs-about.com/drugs-t/trasylol.html

The results of the investigation showed that aprotinine failed to modify ... Considering the immunodepressive properties of aprotinine, the influence of this protease inhibitor on the induction of ... Aprotinin / pharmacology*. Immunosuppression. Methylcholanthrene*. Rats. Sarcoma, Experimental / chemically induced*, ... The results of the investigation showed that aprotinine failed to modify the experimental tumour induction process. This ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Aprotinin-induction-sarcoma-with-methylcholanthrene/304712.html

Aprotinin injection). Youll find links to articles and related resources in ... Trasylol (Aprotinin injection) was a highly controversial blood-clotting medication. It was designed to work by inhibiting ...

http://injury.findlaw.com/product-liability/trasylol-aprotinin-injection.html

Xin, Y.; Liu, L.; Chen, B.; Zhang, L.; Tong, Y. Affinity purification of aprotinin from bovine lung. J. Sep. Sci. 2015, 38 (9 ... A potent protease inhibitor.Aprotinin acts as a reversible serine protease blocking and a binding agent. It is widely employed ... It is involved in the purification of urokinase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin on immobilized aprotinin. Further, it is used in the ... Inhibition of Outer Membrane Proteases of the Omptin Family by Aprotinin. Infect. Immun. 2015, 83 (6), 2300-2311. ...

https://www.alfa.com/en/catalog/J63039/

Effects of Aprotinin During Cardiac Surgery/Long Term Death Rates. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the ... The current viewpoint is that Aprotinin is more harmful than Amicard. In an effort to see what the long term outcomes were for ... Aprotinin. Aminocaproic Acid. Hemostatics. Coagulants. Trypsin Inhibitors. Serine Proteinase Inhibitors. Protease Inhibitors. ... of Anesthesiology currently has a database of subjects whom had surgery and received either Aprotinin or Amicar in the OR. ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00617955

INTERVENTIONS--Aprotinin group patients (n = 9) received aprotinin (1 x 10(6) kallikrein inactivator units (KIU)) as an ... Aprotinin may be a substrate for the N-carboxypeptidase that destroys protamine, thus indirectly enhancing and prolonging the ... aprotinin compared with a control group. DESIGN--Randomised, placebo controlled study. SETTING--Regional cardiothoracic unit ... Heparin requirements were nearly doubled in patients treated with aprotinin, who required reheparinisation for up to one hour ...

https://heart.bmj.com/content/72/5/442

Aprotinin (Injection). Aprotinin. Prevents blood loss and reduces the need for blood transfusions during and after heart bypass ... You should not receive this medicine if you have had an allergic reaction to aprotinin, or if you have received aprotinin ... Products containing aprotinin (Trasylol®) were withdrawn from the U.S. market by Bayer Pharmaceuticals on November 5, 2007. ...

https://www.limamemorial.org/health-library/Thomson%20DrugNotes/45/5213

PET/CT in patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis compared with 99mTc-aprotinin scintigraphy. ... Preliminary experience of 99mTc-Aprotinin scintigraphy in amyloidosis. Eur J Haematol. 2007;79:494-500.CrossRefPubMedGoogle ... Participants were scheduled to undergo a series of 11C-PIB PET/CT and 99mTc-aprotinin within a 2-month period. Finally, we ... Schaadt BK, Hendel HW, Gimsing P, Jønsson V, Pedersen H, Hesse B. 99mTc-aprotinin scintigraphy in amyloidosis. J Nucl Med. 2003 ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12350-018-1260-5

Detailed drug Information for fibrinogen/aprotinin and thrombin/calcium chloride Topical application, Route Not Applicable. ... Uses For fibrinogen/aprotinin and thrombin/calcium chloride. Aprotinin, calcium chloride, fibrinogen, and thrombin combination ... It is very important that your doctor check you or your child closely while you are receiving fibrinogen/aprotinin and thrombin ... Fibrinogen/aprotinin and thrombin/calcium chloride should not be given as an injection. ...

https://www.drugs.com/cons/fibrinogen-aprotinin-and-thrombin-calcium-chloride-topical-application-route-not-applicable.html

TOPICAL EFFECT OF APROTININ ON THE SURGICAL-WOUND IN CARDIAC-SURGERY. TABUCHI, N., DEHAAN, J. & VANOEVEREN, W., Feb-1995, In : ...

https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/publications/topical-effect-of-aprotinin-on-the-surgicalwound-in-cardiacsurgery

Plasma aprotinin levels were determined by modified functional assays. Aprotinin levels in the control group were significantly ... aprotinin levels were higher in HCA and LF groups than FF group (p < .05). ThroughoutCPB, aprotinin levels in the HCA group ... Although aprotinin is partially excreted unchanged in the urine, its primary site of metabolism is in the renal lysosomes ... Aprotinin infusion was terminated at the end of CPB and stopped during hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA). Piglets were ...

http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/40104125/aprotinin-concentration-varies-significantly-according-cardiopulmonary-bypass-conditions

Ultra low dose aprotinin decreases blood loss and transfusion requirements in high risk two valve replacement surgery: 075. ... Group I received aprotinin in a dose of 1 million KIU (after anaesthetic induction prior to initiation of cardiopulmonary ... Ultra-low dose aprotinin decreases transfusion requirements and is cost effective in coronary operations. Ann Thorac Surg 2001 ... Ultra low dose aprotinin decreases blood loss and transfusion requirements in high risk two valve replacement surgery: 075 ...

https://journals.lww.com/ejanaesthesiology/Fulltext/2004/06001/Ultra_low_dose_aprotinin_decreases_blood_loss_and.27.aspx

Abstract 3347: Does Aprotinin Increase the Risk of Renal Failure in Cardiac Surgery Patients?. Anthony P Furnary, Loren F ... Findings: Aprotinin was utilized in 24.6%(2,757/11,198). The overall incidence of RF was 1.6% (180/11,198) and was higher in ... Background: Aprotinin is frequently used in high-risk cardiac surgery patients to decrease bleeding complications and ... Aprotinin use does not independently increase the risk of renal failure in cardiac surgery patients. ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/114/Suppl_18/II_711.3

This report studies the global market size of Aprotinin in... ... 111 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Global Aprotinin Market ... There are three kinds of Aprotinin, which are Aprotinin (From bovine lung) and Recombinant Aprotinin. Aprotinin (From bovine ... 4.1 Global Aprotinin Sales by Type. 4.2 Global Aprotinin Revenue by Type. 4.3 Aprotinin Price by Type. 5 Breakdown Data by ... 7.2 Europe Aprotinin by Type. 7.3 Europe Aprotinin by Application. 7.4 Europe Aprotinin by Company. 8 Asia Pacific. 8.1 Asia ...

https://www.reportsnreports.com/reports/1720804-global-aprotinin-market-insights-forecast-to-2025.html

Figure 4. Effect of aprotinin on TNFα expression. Serum TNFα levels in vehicle- and aprotinin-treated rats subjected to MI and ... This change was significantly attenuated by aprotinin. The effect was more pronounced the earlier the aprotinin was given in ... Figure 2. Effect of aprotinin on myocardial gene expression. Relative myocardial gene expression in LVFW tissue from aprotinin- ... When animals were treated with 20 000 IU/kg aprotinin, depletion of CK decreased significantly. Interestingly, when aprotinin ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/116/11_suppl/I-121

Aprotinin Use and Renal Outcome in Hypothermic Bypass and Circulatory Arrest for Surgical Repair of Thoracic Aorta.. This study ... Aprotinin is a serine protease inhibitor, intended to limit blood loss in patients undergoing surgery, was approved for use 13 ... Aprotinin Use and Renal Outcome in Hypothermic Bypass and Circulatory Arrest for Surgical Repair of Thoracic Aorta. A ... That is, aprotinin competes with creatinine for elimination by the kidneys such that the apparent renal dysfunction is ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT00405093?show_desc=Y

Global Aprotinin Sales Market Report 2016 is a professional and... ... 139 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Global Aprotinin Sales Market Report 2016 report by QYResearch Group. ... 1.1.1 Definition of Aprotinin 1. 1.1.2 Specifications of Aprotinin 2. 1.2 Classification of Aprotinin 2. 1.2.1 Aprotinin (From ... 5 India Aprotinin (Volume, Value and Sales Price) 37. 5.1 India Aprotinin Sales and Value (2011-2016) 37. 5.1.1 India Aprotinin ...

http://www.reportsnreports.com/reports/682450-global-aprotinin-sales-market-report-2016.html

https://www.cellsciences.com/native-bovine-aprotinin-bpti-4

Aprotinin group 44.1%. Non-aprotinin group 26.3%. p=0.029. Laub et al,. 1994,. USA. 47 patients undergoing CABG entered into ... 92.0% in aprotinin group vs 95.1% in placebo group. Lass et al,. 1995,. Germany. 55 patients assigned to receive aprotinin (2 ... 49% reduction in aprotinin group (p<.0001). Havel et al,. 1994,. Austria. 15 patients assigned to receive high dose aprotinin ( ... Medline: [exp Aprotinin/ OR Aprotinin.mp/ OR Trasylol mp] AND [exp vascular patency/ OR graft patency.mp OR exp Graft occlusion ...

https://bestbets.org/bets/bet.php?id=702

Effect of Aprotinin on Clinical Outcomes in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of ... Sedrakyan, A., Treasure, T. and Elefteriades, J.A. (2004) Effect of Aprotinin on Clinical Outcomes in Coronary Artery Bypass ...

http://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1639096

Aprotinin during Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting and Risk of Death. The New England Journal of Medicine, 358, 771-783. ... Schneeweiss, S., Seeger, J.D., Landon, J. and Walker, A.M. (2008) Aprotinin during Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting and Risk of ...

http://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1639092

Aprotinin forms stable complexes with and blocks the act ... Aprotinin is a competitive serine protease inhibitor that ... Aprotinin forms stable complexes with and blocks the active sites of enzymes. Binding is reversible with most aprotinin- ... A conversion factor for Aprotinin is: 1 EPU= 1 USP Aprotinin Unit = 1800 KIU. ... Recombinant aprotinin should be stored under -20°C or below in sealed container. It is stable within 24 months. ...

https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/Aprotinin-From-Bovine-Recombinant_16436.html

Trasylol (Aprotinin injection) was a highly controversial blood-clotting medication. (findlaw.com)
UPDATE 5/14/2008]: Following publication of the Blood conservation using antifibrinolytics: A randomized trial in a cardiac surgery population (BART) study in the May 14, 2008 online issue of The New England Journal of Medicine , Bayer Pharmaceuticals, the manufacturer of Trasylol (aprotinin), notified the FDA of their intent to remove all remaining supplies of Trasylol from hospital pharmacies and warehouses. (fda.gov)
Trasylol injection/infusion contains the active ingredient aprotinin. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Aprotinin, also known as bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, BPTI (Trasylol, Bayer) is a protein, that is used as medication administered by injection to reduce bleeding during complex surgery, such as heart and liver surgery. (drugbank.ca)
Products containing aprotinin (Trasylol®) were withdrawn from the U.S. market by Bayer Pharmaceuticals on November 5, 2007. (limamemorial.org)
Taggart DP, Djapardy V, Naik M, Davies A. A randomized trial of aprotinin (Trasylol) on blood loss, blood product requirement and myocardial injury in total arterial grafting. (springer.com)
Aprotinin, also known as bovine pancreatic Aprotinin inhibitor, BPTI (Trasylol, Bayer) is a protein that is used as medication administered by injection to reduce bleeding during complex surgery, such as heart and liver surgery. (reportsnreports.com)
Aprotinin (Trasylol) is a serine protease inhibitor derived from bovine lung that inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, tissue plasminogen activator, and kallikrein. (ispub.com)
Because bradykinin constitutes a possible candidate for mediation of topical 8-methoxypsoralen-UVA-(PUVA)-induced erythema, aprotinin (Trasylol), inhibitor of kallikrein and interrupter of the cascade leading to kinin production was assessed in guinea pigs. (northwestern.edu)

Neuhaus P, Bechstein WO, Lefebre O, Blumhardt G, Slama K (1989) Effect of Aprotinin on intraoperative bleeding and fibrinolysis in liver transplantation. (springer.com)
Royston D, Taylor KM, Bidstrup BP, Sapsford RN (1987) Effect of Aprotinin on the need for blood transfusions after repeat open heart surgery. (springer.com)
Therefore, we determined the effect of aprotinin on myocardial gene and protein expression in a well established 12 rat model of myocardial ischemia and long-term reperfusion. (ahajournals.org)
Sedrakyan, A., Treasure, T. and Elefteriades, J.A. (2004) Effect of Aprotinin on Clinical Outcomes in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. (scirp.org)
Nephrology Now » Blog Archive » The effect of aprotinin on outcome after coronary-artery bypass grafting. (nephrologynow.com)
Background: To investigate the dose dependent effect of aprotinin on aggravated pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). (nus.edu.sg)
In a subsequent study of 80 patients undergoing primary coronary bypass surgery, patients receiving aprotinin bled 46% less than controls, receiving fewer units of packed RBC's (13 units vs. 75 units, aprotinin vs. placebo), and had no significant prolongation of their bleeding times, suggesting a platelet preserving effect of aprotinin independent of its antifibrinolytic properties 9 . (ispub.com)

Aprotinin is a competitive serine protease inhibitor which forms stable complexes with and blocks the active sites of enzymes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Aprotinin is a broad spectrum protease inhibitor which modulates the systemic inflammatory response (SIR) associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. (drugbank.ca)
Aprotinin is a competitive serine protease inhibitor that forms stable complexes with and blocks the active sites of enzyme. (mpbio.com)
Considering the immunodepressive properties of aprotinine, the influence of this protease inhibitor on the induction of methylcholanthrene sarcoma in rats has been investigated. (biomedsearch.com)
A potent protease inhibitor.Aprotinin acts as a reversible serine protease blocking and a binding agent. (alfa.com)
Serine protease inhibition with aprotinin is cardioprotective, but the mechanism is unknown. (ahajournals.org)
Strategies to limit reperfusion injury have been directed at many points in this complex cascade, but the use of serine protease inhibitors such as aprotinin is particularly promising. (ahajournals.org)
Aprotinin is a naturally occurring broad spectrum protease inhibitor obtained from bovine lung. (ahajournals.org)
Aprotinin is a serine protease inhibitor, intended to limit blood loss in patients undergoing surgery, was approved for use 13 years ago, and now administered in more than 250,000 surgery patients per year. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Aprotinin is a competitive serine protease inhibitor that inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin, kallikrein and plasmin. (creative-enzymes.com)
Aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor, commonly used during cardiopulmonary bypass to reduce blood loss, has been demonstrated to exhibit significant anti-inflammatory effects during and after cardiopulmonary bypass. (portlandpress.com)
Aprotinin is a serine protease inhibitor isolated from bovine lung which inhibits trypsin and chymotrypsin with K i values of 0.06 pM and 9 nM, respectively. (medchemexpress.com)
Effects of protease inhibitor PIC, a serine protease inhibitor AEBSF and trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors Aprotinin (Aprot, 0.1 mM) on PRR cleavage induced by BSA in HK-2 cells. (medchemexpress.com)
Aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor isolated from bovine lung, is a complex protease inhibitor that is an antifibrinolytic, inhibits contact activation, and decreases the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass [2] . (medchemexpress.com)
Aprotinin, a naturally occurring protease inhibitor was assessed for its effectiveness in plummeting postsurgical pain and swelling, after surgical removal of impacted 3rd molars. (jcdr.net)
Different pharmacologic agents have been reported, however the currently accepted pharmacologic interventions are based on using a protease inhibitor, aprotinin, or lysine analogs to inhibit fibrinolysis. (ispub.com)
Aprotinin, a naturally occurring serine protease inhibitor, saves lives and decreases the risk of stroke and repeat surgery for massive bleeding 1, 2, 3 . (apexbt.com)
Competitive Serine Protease Inhibitor, Aprotinin, 9000KIU/mg Pro. (recombinanttrypsin.com)
Aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor, has been demonstrated to exhibit significant antiinflammatory effects. (elsevier.com)

One trypsin inhibitor unit (EPU) will decrease the activity of 2 trypsin units by 50% where one trypsin unit will hydrolyze 1.0 μmol of N-benzoyl-L-arginineethyl ether(BAEE) per sec at pH 7.6 at 25 °C.A conversion factor for Aprotinin is: 1 EPU= 1 USP Aprotinin Unit = 1800 KIU. (recombinanttrypsin.com)

Aprotinin has been reported to reduce blood loss in difficult cases requiring cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and more recently in liver transplantation. (springer.com)
Reheparinisation requirements after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients treated with aprotinin. (bmj.com)
OBJECTIVE--To determine reheparinisation requirements following protamine neutralisation after the discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass in a group of patients receiving "low dose" aprotinin compared with a control group. (bmj.com)
This study tested the hypothesis that plasma aprotinin concentration varies with cardiopulmonary bypass conditions. (ebscohost.com)
Thirtytwo piglets (weight 13.2 Â± 1.9 kg) received an aprotinin initial dose of 30,000 KIU/kg, a maintenance infusion of 10,000 KIU/kg/h, with a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) prime of 30,000 KIU/kg. (ebscohost.com)
Aprotinin protects the cerebral microcirculation during cardiopulmonary bypass. (ebscohost.com)
2. Airway nitric oxide was measured during cardiopulmonary bypass in 10 controls (Group 1), 10 subjects receiving half-dose aprotinin (Group 2) and 10 patients receiving full-dose aprotinin (Group 3). (portlandpress.com)
Since increased airway nitric oxide is found in inflammatory lung diseases, like asthma, and anti-inflammatory therapy reduces the concentration of airway nitric oxide, these data support the concept that aprotinin is anti-inflammatory during cardiopulmonary bypass. (portlandpress.com)
en] BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) initiates a whole-body inflammatory response where complement and neutrophil activation and cytokine release play an important role. (ac.be)
Aprotinin and heparin monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass. (semanticscholar.org)
BACKGROUND When high-dose aprotinin is used during cardiopulmonary bypass, there is a prolongation of the activated coagulation time (ACT), which is used to monitor heparinization. (semanticscholar.org)
The aim of this study was to provide guidelines for monitoring heparin levels by the ACT if aprotinin is used during cardiopulmonary bypass. (semanticscholar.org)
The effect of temperature and aprotinin during cardiopulmonary bypass on three different methods of activated clotting time measurement. (semanticscholar.org)
During pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), low-dose aprotinin has been shown not to influence the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). (biomedcentral.com)
In a finished dosage form, Aprotinin is used to reduce perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients during and following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the course of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. (pentapharm.com)
In part two, the cardiopulmonary bypass group receiving aprotinin+leukofiltration was retrospectively compared with 45 patients undergoing off-pump coronary revascularization. (unthsc.edu)
Aprotinin decreases the incidence of cognitive deficit following CABG and cardiopulmonary bypass: a pilot randomized controlled study. (lenus.ie)
CONCLUSION: In this prospective pilot study, the incidence of cognitive deficit after CABG and cardiopulmonary bypass is decreased by the administration of high-dose aprotinin. (lenus.ie)
These were developed in 2010 to replace the use of aprotinin during and after cardiac surgery, including surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass which cause blood loss and hemorrhagic complications. (wikipedia.org)

Structurally, Aprotinin is a monomeric globular protein derived from bovine lung that consists of 58 amino acids, arranged in a single polypeptide chain with three crosslinking disulfide bridges. (mpbio.com)
Tong, Y. Affinity purification of aprotinin from bovine lung. (alfa.com)
There are three kinds of Aprotinin, which are Aprotinin (From bovine lung) and Recombinant Aprotinin. (reportsnreports.com)
Aprotinin (From bovine lung) is wildly used in the Aprotinin, with a revenue market share nearly 81.11% in 2015. (reportsnreports.com)
This is a recombinant form of bovine lung aprotinin, which is traditionally isolated from bovine lung by methods involving fractional precipitation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography. (recombinanttrypsin.com)
Objective: Aprotinin has been widely used to reduce bleeding and transfusion requirements in cardiac surgery and in lung transplantation. (elsevier.com)
A recent study found a significant reduction in severe (grade III) primary graft dysfunction (PGD) in lung transplantation where aprotinin had been used. (elsevier.com)
We decided to review our lung transplant caseload to investigate the impact of aprotinin on PGD and mortality and to guide our future clinical use of this antifibrinolytic. (elsevier.com)
Conclusions: In conclusion, although the benefits of aprotinin on blood loss are well established, this study does not provide support for the use of aprotinin to reduce PGD in lung transplantation and indicates that aprotinin may in fact have a detrimental effect. (elsevier.com)
In vitro, aprotinin was added to cultures of a murine lung epithelial cell line and was stimulated with cytomix, a combination of TNF, interleukin-1, and interferon-χ. (elsevier.com)

To overcome the mentioned limitations, and to better characterize to postoperative renal outcomes, we propose to investigate the safety of aprotinin in a single institution, single surgeon, and very large homogenous surgical cohort who underwent surgical repair of the ascending and aortic arch with use of hypothermic CPB. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Efficacy and safety of aprotinin in cardiac surgery. (medchemexpress.com)
BACKGROUND: There is still uncertainty about the safety of aprotinin for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. (ox.ac.uk)
However, recently, concerns regarding the safety of aprotinin have been raised, and the future use of aprotinin is uncertain. (elsevier.com)

Read the side effects of Aprotinin as described in the medical literature. (medindia.net)
The effects of aprotinin use in CPB involves a reduction in inflammatory response which translates into a decreased need for allogeneic blood transfusions, reduced bleeding, and decreased mediastinal re-exploration for bleeding. (drugbank.ca)
Differential effects of aprotinin and tranexamic acid on outcomes and cytokine profiles in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery. (harvard.edu)
Primary Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the effects of Aprotinin (an antifibrinolytic drug used to reduce bleeding during cardiac surgery) on renal function in patients undergoing surgery with use of hypothermic bypass and circulatory arrest for repair of the thoracic aorta. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Secondary Objective: To compare the effects of Aprotinin and Amicar on major vascular outcomes following thoracic aorta surgery with use of hypothermic bypass and circulatory arrest. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The in vitro effects of aprotinin on twelve different ACT tests. (semanticscholar.org)
The effects of aprotinin use in CPB involves a reduction in inflammatory response, through its inhibition of multiple mediators (e.g., kallikrein, plasmin), which translates into a decreased need for allogeneic blood transfusions, reduced bleeding, and decreased mediastinal re-exploration for bleeding. (pentapharm.com)

Evaluation of aprotinin and tranexamic acid in different in vitro and in vivo models of fibrinolysis, coagulation and thrombus formation. (medchemexpress.com)
We expect that aprotinin will be better in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements compared with tranexamic acid. (isrctn.com)
However, tranexamic acid will be more cost effective and avoid the risk of anaphylactic shock at reexposure seen with aprotinin. (isrctn.com)
Tranexamic acid and aprotinin in primary cardiac operations: an analysis of 220 cardiac surgical patients treated with tranexamic acid or aprotinin. (lenus.ie)

The routine use of aprotinin 1 million KIU in coronary artery bypass grafting with left internal mammary artery has been recommended to reduce cost and transfusion requirements [ 1 ]. (lww.com)
Ultra-low dose aprotinin decreases transfusion requirements and is cost effective in coronary operations. (lww.com)
High dose aprotinin can reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements associated with primary cardiac procedures such as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or heart valve replacement surgery [5] . (medchemexpress.com)
Two hundred sixteen patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft procedures were randomized to receive either high-dose aprotinin or placebo. (elsevier.com)
Safety of Perioperative Aprotinin Administration During Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Insights From the ART (Arterial Revascularization Trial). (ox.ac.uk)
In part one, two randomized groups of 90 patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass grafting received full Hammersmith aprotinin alone (control group) or combined with leukofiltration (study group) and were prospectively examined. (unthsc.edu)
Full-dose aprotinin use in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: an analysis of perioperative pharmacotherapy and patient outcomes. (lenus.ie)
CU-2010 and CU-2020 improve coronary endothelial function similarly to aprotinin. (wikipedia.org)

Aprotinin inactivates plasmin and so stops it from breaking down blood clots. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Aprotinin, through its inhibition of multiple mediators [e.g., kallikrein, plasmin] results in the attenuation of inflammatory responses, fibrinolysis, and thrombin generation. (drugbank.ca)
Aprotinin inhibits several serine proteases, specifically trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasmin at a concentration of about 125,000 IU/ml, and kallikrein at 300,000 IU/ml. (drugbank.ca)
Aprotinin inhibits trypsin (bovine, K i = 0.06 pM), chymotrypsin (bovine, K i = 9 nM), plasmin (human, 0.23 nM) [1] . (medchemexpress.com)
Aprotinin is a monomeric globular protein which inhibits several serine proteases including trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin and kallikrein. (thomassci.com)
Aprotinin inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization could be recovered by removing aprotinin from culture or stimulating cells with bone morphogenetic protein-2 or plasmin. (ox.ac.uk)
CU-2010 and CU-2020 have the ability to inhibit plasmin to a similar extent as aprotinin, but they are 100,000 times better at inhibiting factor Xa and factor Xia. (wikipedia.org)

Aprotinin is largely used as an inhibitor of trypsin. (mpbio.com)
1. Aprotinin, a potent kallikrein inhibitor, was given to conscious rats with and without expansion of the extracellular fluid volume with isotonic saline. (portlandpress.com)
Aprotinin is also a competitive protein inhibitor of NOS activity. (medchemexpress.com)
Biochemistry and applications of aprotinin, the kallikrein inhibitor from bovine organs. (medchemexpress.com)
Aprotinin, the first competitive protein inhibitor of NOS activity. (medchemexpress.com)
Aprotinin is a natural proteinase inhibitor polypeptide consisting of fifty-eight amino acids {C 284 H 432 N 84 O 79 S 7} arranged in a single polypeptide chain, cross-linked by three disulfide bridges and having a molecular mass of 6512. (neobiolab.com)
Aprotinin is a polyvalent reversible inhibitor of serine proteinases. (pentapharm.com)
A Fibrinolysis Inhibitor, Aprotinin (Synthetic) is included in the Sealer Protein (Human) component to delay fibrinolysis. (rxlist.com)

Background and objective: We have previously reported that administration of aprotinin at a single dose protects the cerebral microcirculation. (ebscohost.com)
CONCLUSIONS: CPB is associated with cytokine release and neutrophil activation, which are not attenuated by the use of heparin-coated circuits or by the administration of aprotinin. (ac.be)
Thromboelastography and Activated Clotting Time as Guides to Prediction of Postoperative Bleeding in Cardiac Patients with Administration of Aprotinin. (ekja.org)

Aprotinin is used to prevent excessive, life-threatening blood loss and the need for a blood transfusion during open heart surgery in people who are at increased risk of bleeding. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Over a 9-month period were compared the effects of an intra-operative infusion of aprotinin on transfusion requirements and coagulation profiles in 12 patients undergoing liver transplantation for end-stage cirrhosis with an equal number of consecutive transplants in patients with similar pathology who did not receive aprotinin. (springer.com)
Transfusion of blood and blood products was reduced to one-third in the aprotinin-treated group. (springer.com)
There was significant reduction in mediastinal drainage and blood or blood products transfusion requirements with the use of low dose aprotinin ( Table 1 ). (lww.com)

A multicenter, multinational study reported an increase in the risk of graft closure (p=0.035) in patients undergoing primary CABG surgery treated with aprotinin versus placebo. (drugs.com)
In 1987 Van Oeveren reported a 47% reduction in blood loss in patients receiving aprotinin during CABG surgery. (ispub.com)
Dietrich found decreased blood loss in patients receiving aprotinin as compared to those receiving placebo (738 ml vs. 1431 ml) for primary CABG 10 . (ispub.com)
Meta-analysis of clinical trials demonstrates a decreased incidence of stroke after CABG when aprotinin is administrated perioperatively. (lenus.ie)
We hypothesized that aprotinin administration would decrease the incidence of cognitive deficit after CABG. (lenus.ie)

We hypothesized that aprotinin administration during CPB would significantly reduce endogenous airway NO production. (elsevier.com)

Aprotinin, calcium chloride, fibrinogen, and thrombin combination is used to help control bleeding during surgery when other procedures to close a wound or incision, such as stitches, bands, and heat cannot be used. (drugs.com)
Fibrinogen/aprotinin and thrombin/calcium chloride is a fibrin sealant. (drugs.com)
Artiss™ and Tisseel™ contain man-made proteins (aprotinin, fibrinogen, and thrombin) that are used to stop bleeding by helping the blood to clot. (drugs.com)
Fibrinogen/aprotinin and thrombin/calcium chloride is to be given only by or under the supervision of your doctor. (drugs.com)
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to fibrinogen/aprotinin and thrombin/calcium chloride or any other medicines. (drugs.com)
A doctor or other trained health professional will give you fibrinogen/aprotinin and thrombin/calcium chloride. (drugs.com)
Fibrinogen/aprotinin and thrombin/calcium chloride is applied only to your skin or incision during surgery. (drugs.com)
It is very important that your doctor check you or your child closely while you are receiving fibrinogen/aprotinin and thrombin/calcium chloride to make sure it is working properly. (drugs.com)
Fibrinogen/aprotinin and thrombin/calcium chloride may cause a serious type of allergic reaction, including anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. (drugs.com)
Tell your doctor right away if you have a rash, itching, hives, chest pain, dizziness or lightheadedness, trouble breathing, trouble swallowing, or any swelling of your hands, face, or mouth after receiving fibrinogen/aprotinin and thrombin/calcium chloride. (drugs.com)
Fibrinogen/aprotinin and thrombin/calcium chloride is made from donated human blood. (drugs.com)
You should not receive this medicine if you have had an allergic reaction to aprotinin, calcium chloride, fibrinogen, thrombin, or bovine proteins (from animals such as oxen or cows). (stlukes-stl.com)
He also reported less formation of thrombin, fibrin, split products, and D-dimers in patients receiving aprotinin. (ispub.com)

Aprotinin profoundly inhibits fibrinolysis and this is likely to be the major effect by which blood loss is reduced. (springer.com)
By contrast, only 1 patient of 12 in the aprotinin-treated group showed fibrinolytic activity in the anhepatic period, and none showed evidence of fibrinolysis following reperfusion of the new graft. (springer.com)
Aprotinin significantly inhibits fibrinolysis with an IC 50 of 0.16±0.05 μM [4] . (medchemexpress.com)

Moual, H. L. Inhibition of Outer Membrane Proteases of the Omptin Family by Aprotinin. (alfa.com)
Further, when CU-2010 and CU-2020 are continuously infused, the greater inhibition of factors Xa and XIa compared to that by aprotinin prevent early thrombosis, providing an anti-coagulatory effect in patients, and prolonging activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). (wikipedia.org)

It is involved in the purification of urokinase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin on immobilized aprotinin. (alfa.com)

Conclusions- We demonstrated myocardial ischemia plus reperfusion induced leukocyte accumulation, inflammation, gene expression, protein expression and finally tissue injury and showed aprotinin limiting reperfusion injury through each of these stages, even after 24 hours of reperfusion. (ahajournals.org)
Conclusions: High dose aprotinin can suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α, and enhance the release of IL-10 in patients with PH after CPB. (nus.edu.sg)
CONCLUSIONS: In the present post hoc ART analysis, aprotinin was associated with a significantly increased risk of early and late mortality. (ox.ac.uk)

Abstract 3347: Does Aprotinin Increase the Risk of Renal Failure in Cardiac Surgery Patients? (ahajournals.org)
The use of aprotinin did not significantly increase the risk of renal failure or the need for postoperative renal replacement despite an increase in the proportion of patients who had a doubling of serum creatinine levels. (apexbt.com)

These data demonstrate that aprotinin reduces NO production in vivo and reduces cytokine-induced iNOS expression in vitro. (elsevier.com)

In general, aprotinin was generally well tolerated in clinical studies with 76% of patients receiving aprotinin reporting an adverse effect vs. 77% of patients receiving placebo therapy. (drugs.com)
Myocardial infarction is reported to have an incidence of 5.9% in patients treated with aprotinin versus 4.7% in patients treated with placebo. (drugs.com)
However, when the study was repeated in U.S. centers only, there was no statistically significant difference in graft closure rates of aprotinin treated patients versus patients treated with placebo. (drugs.com)
In addition, severe diffuse venous thromboembolism has been associated with aprotinin administration in patients positive for factor V Leiden . (drugs.com)
INTERVENTIONS--Aprotinin group patients (n = 9) received aprotinin (1 x 10(6) kallikrein inactivator units (KIU)) as an intravenous bolus after the induction of anaesthesia, and 1 x 10(6) KIU was added to the pump prime. (bmj.com)
CONCLUSION--Heparin requirements were nearly doubled in patients treated with aprotinin, who required reheparinisation for up to one hour after protamine. (bmj.com)
This study was to investigate the significance of 11 C-Pittsburgh B (PIB) PET/CT in patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis compared with 99m Tc-aprotinin scintigraphy. (springer.com)
Six of 8 patients with positive uptake on 99m Tc-aprotinin presented with amyloid deposition in the left ventricle wall, but symptoms remained stable if results of 11 C-PIB were not positive. (springer.com)
This study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of ultra low dose aprotinin in reducing postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing 'high-risk' two valve replacements. (lww.com)
Prophylactic administration of ultra low dose aprotinin reduced transfusions in patients undergoing repeat operations or complex procedures [ 2 ]. (lww.com)
Aprotinin is frequently used in high-risk cardiac surgery patients to decrease bleeding complications and transfusions of packed red blood cells (tPRBC). (ahajournals.org)
After adding tPRBC data 11,198 patients remained for risk-adjusted assessment of RF in relation to Aprotinin use. (ahajournals.org)
The increase in renal failure seen in patients who were administered Aprotinin was directly related to increased transfusions seen in that high-risk patient population. (ahajournals.org)
METHODS: Two hundred patients undergoing cardiac surgery were randomized in four groups of 50 patients each: heparin-coated circuit with aprotinin (HCO-A) or without aprotinin (HCO) administration, and uncoated circuit with aprotinin (C-A) or without aprotinin administration (C). In groups receiving aprotinin, a high-dose regimen was given. (ac.be)
Thus, the aim of this study was to rule out the effect of high-dose aprotinin in respect to SIRS and clinical parameters in adult patients. (biomedcentral.com)
In Group A patients ( n = 10), high-dose aprotinin was administered (2 Mio KIU pre-bypass, 2 Mio KIU in prime, 0.5 Mio KIU/h during CPB). (biomedcentral.com)
In Group C patients ( n = 10) no aprotinin was used. (biomedcentral.com)
Anti-inflammatory reaction was significantly enhanced in these patients, which suggests that the physiological reaction of the organism to reduce deleterious effects to CPB is strengthened by using high-dose aprotinin. (biomedcentral.com)
In future, further studies with use of aprotinin in a large number of patients and comparative studies with other drugs are required. (jcdr.net)
Although increases in the serum creatinine level occurred postoperatively in more patients who received aprotinin (20/108) than in those given placebo (13/108), the difference between the two group was not statistically significant (p = 0.186), and the increases were generally small and transient. (elsevier.com)
For patients having PH, there exists a simple and potential way to reduce the inflammatory response by applying high dose aprotinin. (nus.edu.sg)
In 22 patients having reoperations with bubble oxygenators, Royston developed a pharmacologic approach to inhibit inflammatory responses during CPB administering a loading dose of 2 million units of aprotinin following intubation, and a continuous infusion of 500,00 units/hour with a CPB pump prime dose of 2 million units. (ispub.com)
In patients receiving aprotinin, chest tube drainage was 286 ml as compared to 1509 ml in the controls 8 . (ispub.com)
Aprotinin did not appear to prevent massive bleeding or save the life of patients who had massive bleeding. (apexbt.com)
The adverse effects on mortality associated with aprotinin may also have been present among healthier patients, those under the age of 65 years, and those without coexisting illnesses at the time of surgery. (apexbt.com)
Despite the possibility of a modest reduction in the risk of massive bleeding, the strong and consistent negative mortality trend associated with aprotinin as compared with lysine analogues precludes its use in patients undergoing high-risk cardiac surgery 5 . (apexbt.com)
Many of the ART patients (≈30%) received perioperative aprotinin. (ox.ac.uk)
METHODS AND RESULTS: Among patients enrolled in the ART (n=3102) from 2004 to 2007, we excluded those who did not undergo surgery (n=18) and those with no information about use of perioperative aprotinin (n=9). (ox.ac.uk)
Finally, 836 of 3076 patients (27%) received aprotinin. (ox.ac.uk)
Ninety-nine patients, who received aprotinin, were compared with 114 patients who did not. (elsevier.com)
Eighteen patients received aprotinin 2 x 10(6) KIU (loading dose), 2 x 10(6) KIU (added to circuit prime) and a continuous infusion of 5 x 10(5) KIU.hr(-1). (lenus.ie)
We performed this study to see if the determination of ACT and TEG can provide a basis for the assessment of coagulation and the prediction of postoperative hemorrhage in cardiac surgical patients treated with aprotinin. (ekja.org)
The results indicate that neither ACT nor TEG predict the amount of postperative hemorrhage in aprotinin-treated patients having cardiac surgery. (ekja.org)
Airway NO was measured during CPB in 10 patients receiving aprotinin and in 10 control subjects. (elsevier.com)

Exactly how aprotinin and the other serine proteases mediate antiinflammatory effects is unknown. (ahajournals.org)

Aprotinin dose-dependently inhibited the TNF-α-induced expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, but not E-selectin. (apexbt.com)
RESULTS: Therapeutic concentrations of aprotinin dose-dependently inhibited plasmin's proteolytic activity, stimulated osteoblast proliferation, and inhibited osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. (ox.ac.uk)

Although aprotinin is partially excreted unchanged in the urine, its primary site of metabolism is in the renal lysosomes following proximal tubule resorption. (ebscohost.com)
Recently reported renal and neurological complications with aprotinin use during CPB may reflect excessive dosing and point to the need for real-time monitoring. (ebscohost.com)
A recent highly publicized report in the New England Journal of Medicine implicated Aprotinin as an independent causal factor for postoperative renal failure, but ignored the potential confounding affect of tPRBC on RF. (ahajournals.org)
Notwithstanding recent debate over its use sparked by 2 recent articles reporting an association with renal failure and other complications, 2,3 aprotinin has found widespread use in cardiac surgery for its benefits in reducing perioperative bleeding, 4 myocardial ischemia, 5 and cerebral events. (ahajournals.org)
Aprotinin Use and Renal Outcome in Hypothermic Bypass and Circulatory Arrest for Surgical Repair of Thoracic Aorta. (clinicaltrials.gov)
That is, aprotinin competes with creatinine for elimination by the kidneys such that the apparent renal dysfunction is transient and a false marker of renal injury. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Under the conditions described, aprotinin use does not appear to be associated with a significant risk of serious renal toxicity. (elsevier.com)
The adjudication of death did not identify renal failure as contributing to or causing death associated with aprotinin use. (apexbt.com)
A Meta analysis by Brown and colleagues showed a nonsignificant relative risk of renal failure with high-dose aprotinin 4 . (apexbt.com)

In vitro , a murine bronchial epithelial cell line (LA-4) was cultured with cytomix (a combination of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and (γ-interferon) with and without aprotinin in increasing concentrations. (portlandpress.com)
OBJECTIVE: As the direct effect of antifibrinolytics on bone formation is unknown, we examined whether antifibrinolytics routinely used in spine surgery, namely, aprotinin and aminocaproic acid, affect osteoblast function in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)

Unlike aprotinin, at high doses, their anti-inflammatory properties allow for the improvement in the recovery of contractility in the left ventricle after ischemic conditions, and increase the protection of the myocardium. (wikipedia.org)

40). Bypass conditions affect plasma aprotinin concentration. (ebscohost.com)

2010 Young Investigator Award winner: Therapeutic aprotinin stimulates osteoblast proliferation but inhibits differentiation and bone matrix mineralization. (ox.ac.uk)
METHODS: Osteoblast progenitor cells were cultured with therapeutic doses of aprotinin and aminocaproic acid. (ox.ac.uk)
Conversely, aminocaproic acid inhibited plasmin's proteolytic activity significantly less than aprotinin and had no effect on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, or matrix mineralization in its therapeutic range. (ox.ac.uk)

Our data support routine use of ultra low dose aprotinin in "high risk" two-valve replacement surgery to reduce postoperative blood loss and to decrease the number of blood or blood product transfusions. (lww.com)
1-4 The possibility of death and/or serious morbidity in the postoperative period from vascular thrombosis associated with aprotinin has recently been raised. (asahq.org)
It is well established that aprotinin has beneficial influence on postoperative blood loss during cardiac surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
High-dose aprotinin treatment caused significantly less SIRS and reduced postoperative blood loss after CPB. (biomedcentral.com)

Other side effects for aprotinin in relation to placebo therapy have included fever (15% vs. 14%), infection (6% vs. 7%), and chest pain (2% each). (drugs.com)
Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of an ultra low dose aprotinin regimen in reoperative and/or complex cardiac operations. (lww.com)

Anesthesia Central , anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/109359/all/aprotinin. (unboundmedicine.com)

In platelets, aprotinin reduces glycoprotein loss (e.g. (drugbank.ca)

Aprotinin infusion was terminated at the end of CPB and stopped during hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA). (ebscohost.com)
Aprotinin at a dose of 1.5 mg kg -1 (bolus) and 3 mg kg -1 h -1 infusion (maintenance infusion) causes a tendency towards a reduction in bleeding time. (medchemexpress.com)

Global Aprotinin Sales Market Report 2016 is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Aprotinin market. (reportsnreports.com)
In this report, the global Aprotinin market is valued at USD XX million in 2016 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022. (comunicati.net)

We investigated the association between perioperative aprotinin administration and short-term (in-hospital) and long-term outcomes by performing a post hoc analysis of the ART. (ox.ac.uk)

0.05) but not in the aprotinin group (21 ± 6 versus 15 ± 3 parts per billion). (elsevier.com)

3. In volume-expanded rats aprotinin significantly reduced GFR, hippuran clearance, urine volume ( V ) U Na V, U K V and C water /GFR without effect on systemic arterial pressure. (portlandpress.com)

Anatomy1

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Health Care3

Geographicals1

Insulin-like growth factors I and II are unable to form and maintain their native disulfides under in vivo redox conditions. (1/706)

Activation of Xenopus eggs by proteases: possible involvement of a sperm protease in fertilization. (2/706)

Allosteric modulation of BPTI interaction with human alpha- and zeta-thrombin. (3/706)

Strategy for balancing anticoagulation and hemostasis in aortocoronary bypass surgery: blood conservation and graft patency. (4/706)

Comparison of anionic and cationic trypsinogens: the anionic activation domain is more flexible in solution and differs in its mode of BPTI binding in the crystal structure. (5/706)

Effect of glycerol on the interactions and solubility of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. (6/706)

Hydroiodic acid attachment kinetics as a chemical probe of gaseous protein ion structure: bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. (7/706)

Urokinase receptor (uPAR, CD87) is a platelet receptor important for kinetics and TNF-induced endothelial adhesion in mice. (8/706)

Aprotinin

Hemostatics

Antifibrinolytic Agents

Serine Proteinase Inhibitors

Aminocaproic Acid

Tranexamic Acid

Blood Loss, Surgical

Diatomaceous Earth

Postoperative Hemorrhage

Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Aminocaproates

Whole Blood Coagulation Time

Blood Transfusion

Hemostasis, Surgical

Kallikreins

Cardiac Surgical Procedures

Kaolin

Protease Inhibitors

Intraoperative Care

Kinins

Thoracic Surgical Procedures

Fibrinolysin

Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced

Drugs, Investigational

Drugs, Generic

Therapeutic Equivalency

Drugs, Essential

Hypotension

Trypsin Inhibitors

Encyclopedias as Topic

Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic

Blood Pressure

Liver Transplantation

Postoperative Complications

Treatment Outcome

Reperfusion Injury

Aorta, Thoracic

Hypothermia, Induced

Blood Coagulation Disorders

Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited

Commerce

Coronary Artery Bypass

Coronary Disease

Heart-Lung Machine

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary

Kaplan-Meier Estimate

New England

Insulin-like growth factors I and II are unable to form and maintain their native disulfides under in vivo redox conditions. (1/706)

Activation of Xenopus eggs by proteases: possible involvement of a sperm protease in fertilization. (2/706)

Allosteric modulation of BPTI interaction with human alpha- and zeta-thrombin. (3/706)

Strategy for balancing anticoagulation and hemostasis in aortocoronary bypass surgery: blood conservation and graft patency. (4/706)

Comparison of anionic and cationic trypsinogens: the anionic activation domain is more flexible in solution and differs in its mode of BPTI binding in the crystal structure. (5/706)

Effect of glycerol on the interactions and solubility of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. (6/706)

Hydroiodic acid attachment kinetics as a chemical probe of gaseous protein ion structure: bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. (7/706)

Urokinase receptor (uPAR, CD87) is a platelet receptor important for kinetics and TNF-induced endothelial adhesion in mice. (8/706)

Aprotinin Injection (marketed as Trasylol) Information | FDA

Cytokine Release and Neutrophil Activation Are Not Prevented by Heparin-Coated Circuits and Aprotinin Administration -...

Trasylol | McCarthy & Kelly LLP

On the interaction of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor with maxi Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels. A model system for analysis...

Aprotinin - Wikipedia

Effects of Aprotinin on Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis After Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats | Circulation

Trasylol (aprotinin) - licence suspended in the UK November 2007

Aprotinin - DrugBank

Lyophilized Powder, Recombinant Aprotinin, Recombinant Trypsin Inhibitor

Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor Mouse anti-Bovine, Alexa Fluor 750, Clone: | Fisher Scientific

Trasylol

Full Publication List | Wagner Lab

Inhibition of tryptase TL2 from human T4(+) lymphocytes and inhibition of HIV-1 replication in H9 cells by recombinant...

Trasylol (Aprotinin injection) - FindLaw

Letter by Augoustides Regarding Article Aprotinin Does Not Increase the Risk of Renal Failure in Cardiac Surgery Patients |...

Aprotinin for coronary bypass operations: Efficacy, safety, and influence on early saphenous vein graft patency: A multicenter,...

Evolution, expansion and expression of the Kunitz/BPTI gene family associated with long-term blood feeding in Ixodes Scapularis...

Aprotinin Use and Renal Outcome in Hypothermic Bypass and Circulatory Arrest for Surgical Repair of Thoracic Aorta. - Full Text...

RCSB PDB - 1BTH: STRUCTURE OF THROMBIN COMPLEXED WITH BOVINE PANCREATIC TRYPSIN INHIBITOR

Structure Cluster - 1BTI: CREVICE-FORMING MUTANTS IN THE RIGID CORE OF BOVINE PANCREATIC TRYPSIN INHIBITOR: CRYSTAL...

Protein Disulfide-Isomerase Interacts with a Substrate Protein at All Stages along Its Folding Pathway

10:12 am

Estudo comparativo do emprego da aprotinina em baixas doses X placebo, durante a circulação extracorpórea

The intra-operative use of trasylol (aprotinin) in liver transplantation | SpringerLink

Trasylol caused thousands of deaths that could have been avoided | Health Imaging

$Gentaur Molecular :SeraLab \ Cynomolgus Monkey Plasma EDTA K2 Individual Donor with Aprotinin, not Filtered \ PK2IA-118-Z$ Gentaur Molecular :SeraLab \ Cynomolgus Monkey Plasma EDTA K2 Individual Donor with Aprotinin, not Filtered \ PK2IA-118-Z