Apoptosis Inducing Factor: A flavoprotein that functions as a powerful antioxidant in the MITOCHONDRIA and promotes APOPTOSIS when released from the mitochondria. In mammalian cells AIF is released in response to pro-apoptotic protein members of the bcl-2 protein family. It translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS and binds DNA to stimulate CASPASE-independent CHROMATIN condensation.Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase: A dioxygenase with specificity for the oxidation of the indoleamine ring of TRYPTOPHAN. It is an extrahepatic enzyme that plays a role in metabolism as the first and rate limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of TRYPTOPHAN catabolism.Anti-Arrhythmia Agents: Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.Phenothiazines: Compounds containing dibenzo-1,4-thiazine. Some of them are neuroactive.Administration, Rectal: The insertion of drugs into the rectum, usually for confused or incompetent patients, like children, infants, and the very old or comatose.Prescription Drug Misuse: Improper use of drugs or medications outside the intended purpose, scope, or guidelines for use. This is in contrast to MEDICATION ADHERENCE, and distinguished from DRUG ABUSE, which is a deliberate or willful action.Suppositories: Medicated dosage forms that are designed to be inserted into the rectal, vaginal, or urethral orifice of the body for absorption. Generally, the active ingredients are packaged in dosage forms containing fatty bases such as cocoa butter, hydrogenated oil, or glycerogelatin that are solid at room temperature but melt or dissolve at body temperature.Protective Devices: Devices designed to provide personal protection against injury to individuals exposed to hazards in industry, sports, aviation, or daily activities.Tranquilizing Agents: A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought, or behavior. Included here are the ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS (minor tranquilizers), ANTIMANIC AGENTS, and the ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS (major tranquilizers). These drugs act by different mechanisms and are used for different therapeutic purposes.Administration, Oral: The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.Facial Muscles: Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Diplopia: A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.Migraine Disorders: A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)Tryptamines: Decarboxylated monoamine derivatives of TRYPTOPHAN.Chest Pain: Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.Jaw: Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA.Universal Precautions: Prudent standard preventive measures to be taken by professional and other health personnel in contact with persons afflicted with a communicable disease, to avoid contracting the disease by contagion or infection. Precautions are especially applicable in the diagnosis and care of AIDS patients.Physician-Patient Relations: The interactions between physician and patient.Phenethylamines: A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta- aminoethylbenzene which is structurally and pharmacologically related to amphetamine. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)United States Food and Drug Administration: An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.Phytotherapy: Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.Drugs, Chinese Herbal: Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.United StatesIsocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.Serotonin Syndrome: An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is most frequently caused by use of both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to excess serotonin availability in the CNS at the serotonin 1A receptor.Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: A chemically heterogeneous group of drugs that have in common the ability to block oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. (From Gilman, et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p414)Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase. It is used in newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease. It may slow progression of the clinical disease and delay the requirement for levodopa therapy. It also may be given with levodopa upon onset of disability. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p385) The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.Monoamine Oxidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. It is a flavin-containing enzyme that is localized in mitochondrial membranes, whether in nerve terminals, the liver, or other organs. Monoamine oxidase is important in regulating the metabolic degradation of catecholamines and serotonin in neural or target tissues. Hepatic monoamine oxidase has a crucial defensive role in inactivating circulating monoamines or those, such as tyramine, that originate in the gut and are absorbed into the portal circulation. (From Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p415) EC 1.4.3.4.Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.Overweight: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standard of acceptable or desirable weight. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal "over fat".Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.MinnesotaIsradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.Tablets: Solid dosage forms, of varying weight, size, and shape, which may be molded or compressed, and which contain a medicinal substance in pure or diluted form. (Dorland, 28th ed)Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Hypertension: Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.Delayed-Action Preparations: Dosage forms of a drug that act over a period of time by controlled-release processes or technology.Blood Pressure Determination: Techniques for measuring blood pressure.Pressure: A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935)Copyright: It is a form of protection provided by law. In the United States this protection is granted to authors of original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works. (from Circular of the United States Copyright Office, 6/30/2008)Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination: This drug combination has proved to be an effective therapeutic agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.Anaphylaxis: An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208)Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.Muscle Cramp: A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)Injections, Intravenous: Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.Skin: The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.
Profiles of aprindine, cibenzoline, pilsicainide and pirmenol in the framework of the Sicilian Gambit. The Guideline Committee for Clinical Use of Antiarrhythmic Drugs in Japan (Working Group of Arrhythmias of the Japanese Society of Electrocardiology). (1/17)
The Vaughan Williams classification has been used widely by clinicians, cardiologists and researchers engaged in antiarrhythmic drug development and testing in many countries throughout the world since its initial proposal in the early 1970s. However, a major criticism of the Vaughan Williams system arose from the extent to which the categorization of drugs into classes I-IV led to oversimplified views of both shared and divergent actions. The Sicilian Gambit proposed a two-dimensional tabular framework for display of drug actions to solve these problems. From April to December 1996, members of the Guideline Committee met to discuss pharmacologic profiles of 4 antiarrhythmic drugs (aprindine, cibenzoline, pilsicainide, and pirmenol) that were not included in the original spreadsheet but are used widely in clinical practice in Japan. The discussion aimed to fit the drug profiles into the Gambit framework based on all the important literature published to date regarding the actions of the 4 drugs. This report is a summary of that deliberation. (+info)Inhibitory effects of aprindine on the delayed rectifier K+ current and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-operated K+ current in guinea-pig atrial cells. (2/17)
In order to clarify the mechanisms by which the class Ib antiarrhythmic drug aprindine shows efficacy against atrial fibrillation (AF), we examined the effects of the drug on the repolarizing K+ currents in guinea-pig atrial cells by use of patch-clamp techniques. We also evaluated the effects of aprindine on experimental AF in isolated guinea-pig hearts. Aprindine (3 microM) inhibited the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) with little influence on the inward rectifier K+ current (IK1) or the Ca2+ current. Electrophysiological analyses including the envelope of tails test revealed that aprindine preferentially inhibits IKr (rapidly activating component) but not IKs (slowly activating component). The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-operated K+ current (IK.ACh) was activated by the extracellular application of carbachol (1 microM) or by the intracellular loading of GTPgammaS. Aprindine inhibited the carbachol- and GTPgammaS-induced IK.ACh with the IC50 values of 0.4 and 2.5 microM, respectively. In atrial cells stimulated at 0.2 Hz, aprindine (3 microM) per se prolonged the action potential duration (APD) by 50+/-4%. The drug also reversed the carbachol-induced action potential shortening in a concentration-dependent manner. In isolated hearts, perfusion of carbachol (1 microM) shortened monophasic action potential (MAP) and effective refractory period (ERP), and lowered atrial fibrillation threshold. Addition of aprindine (3 microM) inhibited the induction of AF by prolonging MAP and ERP. We conclude the efficacy of aprindine against AF may be at least in part explained by its inhibitory effects on IKr and IK.ACh. (+info)Inhibitory effect of aprindine on Na+/Ca2+ exchange current in guinea-pig cardiac ventricular myocytes. (3/17)
1. Using the whole-cell voltage clamp technique, the effect of aprindine on Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (I(NCX)) was examined in guinea-pig single cardiac ventricular myocytes and CCL39 fibroblasts expressing a dog cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1). 2. I(NCX) was recorded by ramp pulses from the holding potential of -60 mV with the external solution containing 140 mM Na+ and 1 mM Ca2+, and the pipette solution containing 20 mM Na+, 20 mM BAPTA and 13 mM Ca2+ (433 nM free Ca2+). 3. External application of aprindine suppressed I(NCX) in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values of outward (measured at 50 mV) and inward (measured at -100 mV) I(NCX) components were 48.8 and 51.8 microM with Hill coefficients of 1.3 and 1, respectively. 4. Intracellular application of trypsin via the pipette solution did not change the blocking effect of aprindine, suggesting that aprindine does not affect the exchanger from the cytoplasmic side. 5. Aprindine inhibited I(NCX) of a mutant NCX1 with a deletion of amino acids 247 - 671 in the large intracellular domain between the transmembrane segments 5 and 6 in a similar manner to that of the wild-type, suggesting that the site of aprindine inhibition is not in the large intracellular domain of NCX1. 6. A kinetic study indicated that aprindine was cooperatively competitive with KB-R7943, another inhibitor of NCX and that aprindine was a competitive inhibitor with respect to external Ca2+. 7. We conclude that aprindine may modestly inhibit I(NCX) in a therapeutic range of concentrations (around 2.5 approximately 6.9 microM) possibly at an external or intra-membranous site of the exchanger. (+info)Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of aprindine and digoxin for the prevention of symptomatic atrial fibrillation. (4/17)
A multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial compared the preventive effect of aprindine and digoxin on the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) with placebo, and also compare the effectiveness of these 2 drugs in the prevention of AF. Patients with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF who had converted to sinus rhythm (SR) were randomly assigned aprindine (40 mg/day), digoxin (0.25 mg/day) or placebo and followed up on an outpatient basis every 2 weeks for 6 months. Of the 141 patients from 36 participating centers, 47 were given aprindine, 47 digoxin, and 47 were on placebo. After the 6-month follow-up, the Kaplan-Meier estimates of the percentage of patients remaining free of recurrent symptomatic AF on aprindine, digoxin and placebo were 33.3%, 29.2% and 21.5%, respectively. In patients remaining in SR for 15 days after from the start of follow-up, freedom from recurrence was significantly more prevalent in the aprindine group than in the placebo group (p=0.0414), but there was no significant difference between the digoxin and placebo groups. The rate of adverse events was similar in the 3 groups. In conclusion, neither aprindine nor digoxin had a significant effect on preventing relapse of symptomatic AF; however, recurrence of AF occurred later with aprindine than with placebo or digoxin. (+info)Antiarrhythmic effect of aprindine on several types of ventricular arrhythmias. (5/17)
The antiarrhythmic effect of aprindine was compared with those of lidocaine and propranolol on several ventricular arrhythmias-epinephrine arrhythmias in cats, ouabain arrhythmias in cats and guinea pigs, ischemic ventricular arrhythmias in coronary-ligated Beagle dogs. Antiarrhythmic effects of aprindine and lidocaine were observed both in ouagain and ischemic arrhythmias, but not in epinephrine arrhythmias. While propranolol had a strong antiarrhythmic effect against epinephrine and ouabain arrhythmias, it did not increase sinus beats in ischemic arrhythmias. Marked anti-arrhythmic effects of aprindine in ischemic arrhythmias were observed in dogs using either single intravenous administration (4 mg/kg) or intravenous infusion (200 mug/kg/min, 2 mg/kg). Antiarrhythmic activity of aprindine is considered to be about twice as strong as that of lidocaine, but lidocaine is less toxic in experimental animals. (+info)Atrial fibrillation threshold predicted long-term efficacy of pharmacological treatment of patients without structural heart disease. (6/17)
AIMS: To ascertain if an electrophysiological study could predict long-term efficacy of anti-arrhythmic drugs in the treatment of lone atrial fibrillation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-four patients (36 males, 8 females, age 55.5 +/- 10.6) with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were enrolled to undergo serial electrophysiological studies at the bedside. Two quadripolar catheters were inserted via the subclavian vein. Disopyramide (D: 2 mg/kg iv), cibenzoline (C: 1.4 mg/kg iv), aprindine (A: 2 mg/kg iv), pilsicainide (P: 2 mg/kg po) and flecainide (F: 3 mg/kg po) were tested. Atrial fibrillation threshold (AFT) was measured as the lowest current amplitude of rapid pacing (50 Hz for 1 s) to induce atrial fibrillation lasting more than 30 s. Before drug treatment, AFT was 3.9 +/- 0.3 mA. Pharmacological treatment raised AFT as follows: D 5.9 +/- 0.9 mA, C 7.6 +/- 1.2 mA, A 8.1 +/-1.1 mA, P 6.0 +/- 0.8 mA, F 7.3 +/- 1.1 mA. Recurrence of atrial fibrillation was observed during 1-year follow-up in 12% of cases when they were treated with a drug that raised AFT by 5 mA or more. On the other hand, the recurrence rate was 87% when patients were treated with a drug that raised AFT by less than 5 mA (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: AFT was a good predictor of long-term efficacy of pharmacological treatment against atrial fibrillation. (+info)Maintenance of sinus rhythm and recovery of atrial mechanical function after cardioversion with bepridil or in combination with aprindine in long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation. (7/17)
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacological cardioversion of long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) using bepridil in terms of recovery of atrial mechanical function and maintenance of sinus rhythm. Bepridil alone or in combination with aprindine is effective for termination of persistent AF. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study group comprised 38 consecutive patients (24 men, 58.8+/-9.3 years) with successful conversion of persistent AF lasting >1 month either pharmacologically (Group I) or electrically (Group II). Fast Fourier transform analysis of fibrillation waves was performed and fibrillation cycle length (FCL) was calculated from the peak frequency. In Group I, sinus rhythm was pharmacologically restored in 22 patients after an average 30 days (7-49 days) of bepridil administration, either alone (11) or in combination with oral aprindine (11); they were followed up while using the same drugs. In Group II, electrical conversion restored sinus rhythm in 16 patients, and they were followed up with conventional antiarrhythmic drugs other than bepridil and aprindine. After bepridil treatment FCL increased and became significantly longer in Group I than in Group II (190+/-39 vs 150+/-29 ms, p<0.001). Atrial peak velocity in transmitral flow within the first week after cardioversion was greater in Group I than in Group II (68+/-35 vs 32+/-20 cm/s, p<0.05). By Kaplan-Meier analysis, 83% of Group I patients were free of AF recurrence at the 12-month follow-up, compared with 36% in Group II (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with long-lasting AF, pharmacological conversion with bepridil alone or in combination with aprindine recovered atrial mechanical function better and maintained sinus rhythm longer than electrical conversion. (+info)Drug-induced changes in fibrillation cycle length and organization index can predict chemical cardioversion of long-lasting atrial fibrillation with bepridil alone or in combination with aprindine. (8/17)
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate whether drug-induced changes in fibrillation wave characteristics can predict pharmacological conversion of long lasting persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS: The study group comprised 23 consecutive patients with AF lasting > or =1 month. Patients first received bepridil (200 mg/day) for 2-4 weeks. When sinus rhythm was not restored with bepridil, oral aprindine (40 or 60 mg/day) was added to bepridil. Fast Fourier transform analysis of fibrillation waves using lead V1 was performed to calculate the fibrillation cycle length (FCL). The spectral areas were measured and the maximum area divided by the total area was termed the fibrillation organization index (FOI). Sinus rhythm was restored in 16 of 23 patients (70%); 8 of these 16 patients received only bepridil (Group I) and the other 8 responders received bepridil and aprindine (Group II). In Group I bepridil increased both FCL (p<0.001) and FOI (p<0.01) and terminated AF after 20+/-12 days. In Group II bepridil increased FCL (p<0.001), but did not change FOI. The addition of aprindine terminated AF in association with an increase in both FCL (p<0.005) and FOI (p<0.005) within 19+/-8 days. In the remaining 7 patients who did not have restoration of sinus rhythm, bepridil increased both FCL and FOI significantly, but less than in Group I, and the addition of aprindine did not further increase either of them. Chemical cardioversion of AF occurred in all patients with FCL > or =190 ms and FOI > or =45% after drug administration. CONCLUSION: Bepridil alone or in combination with aprindine converted long lasting persistent AF in association with an increase in both FCL and FOI. The combination of FCL and FOI after drug administration is helpful in predicting chemical cardioversion of persistent AF. (+info)
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Not just Netanyahu: The other 4 lawmakers who may need immunity from prosecution | The Times of Israel... combinations with psycholeptics C01BB01 Lidocaine C01BB02 Mexiletine C01BB03 Tocainide C01BB04 Aprindine C01BC03 Propafenone ...
... aprindine (INN) aprinocarsen (USAN) aprobarbital (INN) Aprodine aprofene ru:Апрофен (INN) aprosulate sodium (INN) aprotinin ( ...
Alverine Amiodarone Amitriptyline Amlodipine Aprindine Astemizole AY-9944 Benzatropine Bepridil Biperiden Camylofin Carvedilol ...
There are a number of derivatives of 2-aminoindane and its positional isomer 1-aminoindane exist, including: 5-IAI Aprindine ...
... aprindine MeSH D04.615.486.487.500 --- ninhydrin MeSH D04.615.486.487.750 --- phenindione MeSH D04.615.486.875 --- sulindac ...
... is a Class 1b antiarrhythmic agent. In one study, it delayed atrial fibrillation more than digoxin did. It has shown ... Atarashi H, Inoue H, Fukunami M, Sugi K, Hamada C, Origasa H (June 2002). "Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of aprindine ... September 1991). "Aprindine blocks the sodium current in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes". Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol ... Reid PR, Greene HL, Varghese PJ (December 1977). "Suppression of refractory arrhythmias by aprindine in patients with the Wolff ...
... is a member of the sodium channel blocking class of antiepileptic drugs.[60] This may suppress the release of glutamate and aspartate, two of the dominant excitatory neurotransmitters in the CNS.[61] It is generally accepted to be a member of the sodium channel blocking class of antiepileptic drugs,[62] but it could have additional actions since it has a broader spectrum of action than other sodium channel antiepileptic drugs such as phenytoin and is effective in the treatment of the depressed phase of bipolar disorder, whereas other sodium channel blocking antiepileptic drugs are not, possibly on account of its sigma receptor activity. In addition, lamotrigine shares few side-effects with other, unrelated anticonvulsants known to inhibit sodium channels, which further emphasises its unique properties.[63] It is a triazine derivate that inhibits voltage-sensitive sodium channels, leading to stabilization of neuronal membranes. It also blocks L-, N-, and P-type calcium channels and ...
The hormone prolactin stimulates lactation (production of breast milk). Dopamine, released by the hypothalamus stops the release of prolactin from the pituitary gland. Domperidone, by acting as an anti-dopaminergic agent, results in increased prolactin secretion, and thus promotes lactation (that is, it is a galactogogue). In some nations, including Australia, domperidone is used off-label, based on uncertain and anecdotal evidence of its usefulness, as a therapy for mothers who are having difficulty breastfeeding.[24][25] In the United States, domperidone is not approved for this or any other use.[26][27] A study called the EMPOWER trial was designed to assess the effectiveness and safety of domperidone in assisting mothers of preterm babies to supply breast milk for their infants.[28] The study randomized 90 mothers of preterm babies to receive either domperidone 10 mg orally three times daily for 28 days (Group A) or placebo 10 mg orally three times daily for 14 days followed by domperidone ...
InChI=1S/C20H27N5O5S/c1-15-14-18(23-30-15)19(26)21-11-10-16-6-8-17(9-7-16)31(28,29)24-20(27)22-25-12-4-2-3-5-13-25/h6-9,14H,2-5,10-13H2,1H3,(H,21,26)(H2,22,24,27) ...
... (CBZ), sold under the trade name Tegretol among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.[1] It is not effective for absence or myoclonic seizures.[1] It is used in schizophrenia along with other medications and as a second-line agent in bipolar disorder.[3][1] Carbamazepine appears to work as well as phenytoin and valproate for focal and generalised seizures.[4] Common side effects include nausea and drowsiness.[1] Serious side effects may include skin rashes, decreased bone marrow function, suicidal thoughts, or confusion.[1] It should not be used in those with a history of bone marrow problems.[1] Use during pregnancy may cause harm to the baby; however, stopping the medication in pregnant women with seizures is not recommended.[1] Its use during breastfeeding is not recommended.[1] Care should be taken in those with either kidney or liver problems.[1] Carbamazepine was discovered in 1953 by Swiss chemist Walter ...
A channel that is "inwardly-rectifying" is one that passes current (positive charge) more easily in the inward direction (into the cell) than in the outward direction (out of the cell). It is thought that this current may play an important role in regulating neuronal activity, by helping to stabilize the resting membrane potential of the cell. By convention, inward current (positive charge moving into the cell) is displayed in voltage clamp as a downward deflection, while an outward current (positive charge moving out of the cell) is shown as an upward deflection. At membrane potentials negative to potassium's reversal potential, inwardly rectifying K+ channels support the flow of positively charged K+ ions into the cell, pushing the membrane potential back to the resting potential. This can be seen in figure 1: when the membrane potential is clamped negative to the channel's resting potential (e.g. -60 mV), inward current flows (i.e. positive charge flows into the cell). However, when the ...
... also binds to and blocks α2δ subunit-containing VDCCs, similarly to gabapentin and pregabalin, and hence is a gabapentinoid.[9][16] Both (R)-phenibut and (S)-phenibut display this action with similar affinity (Ki = 23 and 39 μM, respectively).[9] Moreover, (R)-phenibut possesses 4-fold greater affinity for this site than for the GABAB receptor (Ki = 92 μM), while (S)-phenibut does not bind significantly to the GABAB receptor (Ki , 1 mM).[9] As such, based on the results of this study, phenibut would appear to have much greater potency in its interactions with α2δ subunit-containing VDCCs than with the GABAB receptor (between 5- to 10-fold).[9] For this reason, the actions of phenibut as a α2δ subunit-containing voltage-gated calcium channel blocker or gabapentinoid may be its true primary mechanism of action, and this may explain the differences between phenibut and its close relative baclofen (which, in contrast, has essentially insignificant activity as a gabapentinoid; Ki = 6 ...
InChI=1S/C24H34N2O/c1-21(2)19-27-20-24(25-15-9-10-16-25)18-26(23-13-7-4-8-14-23)17-22-11-5-3-6-12-22/h3-8,11-14,21,24H,9-10,15-20H2,1-2H3 ...
... (marketed as Depamide by Sanofi-Aventis) is a carboxamide derivative of valproic acid used in the treatment of epilepsy and some affective disorders. It is rapidly metabolised (80%) to valproic acid (another anticonvulsant) but has anticonvulsant properties itself. It may produce more stable plasma levels than valproic acid or sodium valproate and may be more effective at preventing febrile seizures. However, it is over one hundred times more potent as an inhibitor of liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase. This makes it incompatible with carbamazepine and can affect the ability of the body to remove other toxins. Valpromide is no safer during pregnancy than valproic acid. Valpromide is formed through the reaction of valproic acid and ammonia via an intermediate acid chloride. In pure form, valpromide is a white crystalline powder and has melting point 125-126 °C. It is practically insoluble in water but soluble in hot water. It is available on the market in some European countries. ...
Class Ib antiarrhythmic agents are sodium channel blockers. They have fast onset and offset kinetics, meaning that they have little or no effect at slower heart rates, and more effects at faster heart rates. Class Ib agents shorten the action potential duration and reduce refractoriness. These agents will decrease Vmax in partially depolarized cells with fast response action potentials. They either do not change the action potential duration, or they may decrease the action potential duration. Class Ib drugs tend to be more specific for voltage gated Na channels than Ia. Lidocaine in particular is highly frequency dependent, in that it has more activity with increasing heart rates. This is because lidocaine selectively blocks Na channels in their open and inactive states and has little binding capability in the resting state. Class Ib agents are indicated for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia and symptomatic premature ventricular beats, and prevention of ventricular fibrillation. Class Ib ...
... has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels.[1] How this effect is mediated and to what extent this mechanism is involved in the anxiolytic and analgesic effects of kavalactones on the central nervous system is unknown. Kavain's pharmacological activities have not been sufficiently investigated, and neither its effect as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor nor its monoamine (norepinephrine) uptake inhibitions and activation of NMDA receptors have been confirmed. The mechanism behind the psychotropic, sedative, and anxiolytic actions of kavain and related kavalactones is still debated. Direct binding to the benzodiazepine/flumazenil binding site of the GABA-A receptor does not occur with kavain enantiomers.[2] Many studies involved kava extracts from different plant parts and are, therefore, not applicable to kavain itself. In 2016, kavain was shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and ...
It is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[4] Magnesium sulfate is a common mineral pharmaceutical preparation of magnesium, commonly known as Epsom salt, used both externally and internally. Magnesium sulfate is highly water-soluble and solubility is inhibited with lipids typically used in lotions. Lotions often employ the use of emulsions or suspensions to include both oil and water-soluble ingredients. Hence, magnesium sulfate in a lotion may not be as freely available to migrate to the skin nor to be absorbed through the skin, hence both studies may properly suggest absorption or lack thereof as a function of the carrier (in a water solution vs. in an oil emulsion/suspension). Temperature and concentration gradients may also be contributing factors to absorption.[5] Externally, magnesium sulfate paste is used to treat skin inflammations such as small boils or localised infections. Known in the UK as 'drawing paste' it ...
... has a potential for drug interactions; caution should be used in combining other medicines with it, including other antiepileptics and mood stabilizers.[12] Lower levels of carbamazepine are seen when administrated with phenobarbital, phenytoin, or primidone, which can result in breakthrough seizure activity. Carbamazepine, as a CYP450 inducer, may increase clearance of many drugs, decreasing their concentration in the blood to subtherapeutic levels and reducing their desired effects.[19] Drugs that are more rapidly metabolized with carbamazepine include warfarin, lamotrigine, phenytoin, theophylline, and valproic acid.[12] Drugs that decrease the metabolism of carbamazepine or otherwise increase its levels include erythromycin,[20] cimetidine, propoxyphene, and calcium channel blockers.[12] Carbamazepine also increases the metabolism of the hormones in birth control pills and can reduce their effectiveness, potentially leading to unexpected pregnancies.[12] As a drug that induces ...
... occludes the pore of calcium-activated voltage-gated shaker K+ channels by binding to one of four independent, overlapping binding sites.[6][7] It binds both to the open and the closed states. In addition, the block is enhanced as the ionic strength is lowered.[8] This block occurs as the Asn 30 on the CTX interacts with the Asp 381 on the K+ channel.[9] The blockade of K+ channels by the charybdotoxin peptide causes neuronal hyperexcitability. Mutations of the Lys31Gln and the Asn30Gln had the effect of lessening the CTX block of the pore on the shaker channel.[9] ...
... has several uses including the treatment of abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias, chronic pain, and myotonia. In general when treating arrhythmias, mexiletine is reserved for use in dangerous heart rhythm disturbances such as ventricular tachycardia.[2] It is of particular use when treating arrhythmias caused by long QT syndrome.[3] The LQT3 form of long QT syndrome is amenable to treatment with mexiletine as this form is caused by defective sodium channels that continue to release a sustained current rather than fully inactivating, however other forms of long QT syndrome can also be treated with this medication.[3] Mexiletine has been used to treat chronic pain and may also be used to treat muscle stiffness resulting from myotonic dystrophy (Steinert's disease) or nondystrophic myotonias such as myotonia congenita (Thomsen syndrome or Becker syndrome).[4][5] ...
... is available as a generic medication and usually not too expensive.[7] Wholesale it costs between US$0.003 and US$0.15 per dose.[8] A month of treatment is about US$30 in the United States.[2] Since September 2012, the marketing licence in the UK has been held by Flynn Pharma Ltd, of Dublin, Ireland, and the product, although identical, has been called Phenytoin Sodium xxmg Flynn Hard Capsules. (The xxmg in the name refers to the strength-for example "Phenytoin sodium 25 mg Flynn Hard Capsules").[49] The capsules are still made by Pfizer's Goedecke subsidiary's plant in Freiburg, Germany and they still have Epanutin printed on them.[50] After Pfizer's sale of the UK marketing licence to Flynn Pharma, the price of a 28-pack of 25 mg phenytoin sodium capsules marked Epanutin rose from 66p (about $0.88) to £15.74 (about $25.06). Capsules of other strengths also went up in price by the same factor-2384%,[51] costing the UK's National Health Service an extra £43 million (about $68.44 ...
... is effective for prevention of shivering during surgery or recovery from surgery.[5][6] Nefopam was significantly more effective than aspirin as an analgesic in one clinical trial,[7] although with a greater incidence of side effects such as sweating, dizziness and nausea, especially at higher doses.[8][9] The estimated relative potency of nefopam to morphine indicates that 20 mg of nefopam HCl is the approximate analgesic equal of 12 mg of morphine with comparable analgesic efficacy to morphine,[10][11][12] or oxycodone,[13] while Nefopam tends to produce fewer side effects, does not produce respiratory depression,[14] and has much less abuse potential, and so is useful either as an alternative to opioids, or as an adjunctive treatment for use alongside opioid(s) or other analgesics.[12][15] Nefopam is also used to treat severe hiccups.[16] ...
Meclizine, Buclizine, And Cyclizine (Oral Route, Parenteral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo ClinicNot all of the side effects listed above have been reported for each of these medicines, but they have been reported for at least one of them. Buclizine, cyclizine, and meclizine are similar, so any of the above side effects may occur with any of these medicines.. Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.. Portions of this document last updated: March 01, 2017. Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/meclizine-buclizine-and-cyclizine-oral-route-parenteral-route/description/drg-20069630. Copyright © 2017 Truven Health Analytics Inc. All rights reserved. Information is for End Users use only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for commercial purposes.. ...
Aprindine is a Class 1b antiarrhythmic agent. In one study, it delayed atrial fibrillation more than digoxin did. It has shown ... Atarashi H, Inoue H, Fukunami M, Sugi K, Hamada C, Origasa H (June 2002). "Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of aprindine ... September 1991). "Aprindine blocks the sodium current in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes". Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol ... Reid PR, Greene HL, Varghese PJ (December 1977). "Suppression of refractory arrhythmias by aprindine in patients with the Wolff ...
Aprindine Hepatitis H. FRANKLIN HERLONG, M.D.; PHILIP R. REID, M.D.; JOHN K. BOITNOTT, M.D.; WILLIS C. MADDREY, M.D., F.A.C.P. ... The reintroduction of aprindine in one patient was associated with the reappearance of hepatitis, which resolved despite ... We have seen two patients whose hepatitis was due to the administration of aprindine, a new antiarrhythmic agent. In both ... patients evidence of hepatitis appeared within 3 weeks of initiating aprindine therapy and resolved rapidly when the drug was ...
Norpramin Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.comDetailed drug Information for Norpramin. Includes common brand names, drug descriptions, warnings, side effects and dosing information.
Do not take this medicine within 2 hours of taking antacids or medicine for diarrhea. Taking these products too close together may make this medicine less effective.. This medicine will add to the effects of alcohol and other central nervous system (CNS) depressants (medicines that slow down the nervous system, possibly causing drowsiness). Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for hay fever, other allergies, or colds; sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; prescription pain medicine or narcotics; barbiturates; medicine for seizures; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your doctor before taking any of the above while you are using this medicine.. Before using any prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicine for colds or allergies, check with your doctor. These medicines may increase the chance of developing heatstroke or other unwanted effects, such as dizziness, dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation, while ...
Detailed drug Information for erythromycin and benzoyl peroxide Topical. Includes common brand names, drug descriptions, warnings, side effects and dosing information.
Check with your doctor if you used this medicine and your migraine did not go away, or if your migraine got worse or started occurring more often. This medicine may increase your risk of having abnormal heart rhythm, heart attack, angina, or stroke. This is more likely to occur if you or a family member already has heart disease, if you have diabetes, high blood pressure, or if you smoke. Call your doctor right away if you have any symptoms of a heart problem, such as chest pain or discomfort, an uneven heartbeat, nausea or vomiting, pain or discomfort in the shoulders, arms, jaw, back, or neck, shortness of breath, or sweating. Call your doctor right away if you have any symptoms of a stroke, such as confusion, difficulty with speaking, double vision, headaches, an inability to move the arms, legs, or facial muscles, an inability to speak, or slow speech. Check with your doctor right away if you have chest discomfort, jaw or neck tightness after taking this medicine. Also, tell your doctor if ...
This medicine will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that make you drowsy or less alert). Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for allergies or colds, sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine, prescription pain medicine or narcotics, medicine for seizures or barbiturates, muscle relaxants, or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your doctor before taking any of the above while you are using this medicine. This medicine may cause some people to become dizzy, drowsy, or may cause trouble with thinking or controlling body movements, which may lead to falls, fractures or other injuries. Even if you take haloperidol at bedtime, you may feel drowsy or less alert on arising. Make sure you know how you react to this medicine before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are dizzy or not alert. Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting may occur, especially when you get up from a ...
Detailed drug Information for Duo-Vil 2-10. Includes common brand names, drug descriptions, warnings, side effects and dosing information.
Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting may occur, especially when you get up from a lying or sitting position. This is due to lowered blood pressure. Getting up slowly may help. This effect does not occur often at doses of disopyramide usually used; however, make sure you know how you react to this medicine before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are not alert. If the problem continues or gets worse, check with your doctor.. Disopyramide may rarely cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in some people. (See the Side Effects of This Medicine section below.) If these signs appear, eat or drink a food containing sugar and call your doctor right away.. This medicine may cause blurred vision or other vision problems. If any of these occur, do not drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are not able to see well.. Disopyramide may cause dryness of the eyes, mouth, and nose. For temporary relief of mouth dryness, use sugarless ...
Contact your doctor right away if you have any changes to your heart rhythm. You might feel dizzy or faint, or you might have a fast, pounding, or uneven heartbeat. Make sure your doctor knows if you or anyone in your family has ever had a heart rhythm problem such as QT prolongation. This medicine may cause sores on the genitals (sex organs). Washing your genitals after urination may decrease the chance of your developing this problem. It is also very important that your ophthalmologist (eye doctor) check your eyes at regular visits since you may have some loss of eyesight due to retinitis even while you are receiving foscarnet injection. This medicine may make you dizzy. Do not drive or do anything else that could be dangerous until you know how this medicine affects you. Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements. ...
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.. Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.. ...
Do not take desipramine with a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor (eg, isocarboxazid [Marplan®], phenelzine [Nardil®], selegiline [Eldepryl®], tranylcypromine [Parnate®]). Do not start taking desipramine during the 2 weeks after you stop a MAO inhibitor and wait 2 weeks after stopping desipramine before you start taking a MAO inhibitor. If you take them together or do not wait 2 weeks, you may develop confusion, agitation, restlessness, stomach or intestinal symptoms, a sudden high body temperature, an extremely high blood pressure, or severe convulsions. Desipramine may cause a serious condition called serotonin syndrome if taken together with some medicines. Do not use desipramine with buspirone (Buspar®), fentanyl (Abstral®, Duragesic®), linezolid (Zyvox®), lithium (Eskalith®, Lithobid®), methylene blue, tryptophan, St. Johns wort, or some pain or migraine medicines (eg, sumatriptan, tramadol, Frova®, Maxalt®, Relpax®, Zomig®). Check with your doctor first before taking any ...
Detailed drug Information for E.E.S. 400 Oral. Includes common brand names, drug descriptions, warnings, side effects and dosing information.
Remember that this medicine will not cure your condition but it does help control it. Therefore, you must continue to take it as directed if you expect to keep your cholesterol levels down.. Follow carefully the special diet your doctor gave you. This is the most important part of controlling your condition, and is necessary if the medicine is to work properly.. This medicine works better when taken with meals.. Before prescribing medicine for your condition, your doctor will probably try to control your condition by prescribing a personal diet for you. Such a diet may be low in fats, sugars, and/or cholesterol. Many people are able to control their condition by carefully following their doctors orders for proper diet and exercise. Medicine is prescribed only when additional help is needed and is effective only when a schedule of diet and exercise is properly followed.. Also, this medicine is less effective if you are greatly overweight. It may be very important for you to go on a reducing ...
Many patients who have high blood pressure will not notice any signs of the problem. In fact, many may feel normal. It is very important that you take your medicine exactly as directed and that you keep your appointments with your doctor even if you feel well .. Remember that this medicine will not cure your high blood pressure, but it does help control it. You must continue to take it as directed if you expect to lower your blood pressure and keep it down. You may have to take high blood pressure medicine for the rest of your life. If high blood pressure is not treated, it can cause serious problems such as heart failure, blood vessel disease, stroke, or kidney disease .. Swallow the extended-release tablet whole with a full glass of water. Do not break, crush, or chew it .. If you are taking the extended-release tablets, part of the tablet may pass into your stools after your body has absorbed the medicine. This is normal and is nothing to worry about .. ...
Detailed drug Information for spiramycin Oral, Injection, Rectal. Includes common brand names, drug descriptions, warnings, side effects and dosing information.
If you have any questions about this, check with your health care professional.. Many vaginal infections are spread by sexual intercourse. The male sexual partner may carry the fungus or other organism in his reproductive tract. Therefore, it may be desirable that your partner wear a condom (prophylactic) during intercourse to keep the infection from returning. Also, it may be necessary for your partner to be treated at the same time you are being treated to avoid passing the infection back and forth. In addition, do not stop using this medicine if you have intercourse during treatment.. Some patients who use vaginal medicines may prefer to use a douche for cleansing purposes before inserting the next dose of medicine. Some doctors recommend a vinegar and water or other douche. However, others do not recommend douching at all. If you do use a douche, do not overfill the vagina with douche solution. To do so may force the solution up into the uterus (womb) and may cause inflammation or infection. ...
Stomach problems, such as nausea and vomiting, or loss of appetite, are common minor side effects seen in pentamidine treatment. However, if you have these problems, and at the same time have sharp pain in the upper abdomen, or an unusual decrease in the amount of urine, check with your doctor immediately.. Pentamidine may also cause an unpleasant metallic taste. This side effect is to be expected and does not require medical attention.. Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.. Portions of this document last updated: Feb. 01, 2020. Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/pentamidine-injection-route/description/drg-20065384. Copyright © 2020 IBM Watson Health. All rights reserved. Information is for End Users use only and may not be sold, redistributed or ...
Very rarely, this medicine has caused severe side effects. If you start to have a skin rash, or if you think you are having a severe skin reaction, call your doctor or nurse right away. Symptoms of a severe reaction may include a skin rash, skin color that is very pale or yellow, or skin with purple spots, along with a sore throat, fever, muscle pain, cough, and trouble with breathing.. Check with your doctor right away if you have abdominal or stomach cramps; bloating; watery and severe diarrhea, which may also be bloody; nausea or vomiting; or unusual tiredness or weakness. These may be symptoms of a serious intestinal infection.. This medicine may cause serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Check with your doctor right away if you have a rash; itching; swelling of the face, tongue, and throat; trouble with breathing; shortness of breath; or chest pain after you get the injection.. Before you have any ...
You or your child should not use astemizole (Hismanal®), cisapride (Propulsid®), erythromycin (Ery-Tab®), pimozide (Orap®), quinidine (Cardioquin®), or terfenadine (Seldane®) while receiving this medicine because of the risk of unwanted side effects. Using this medicine for a long time or using it too much while you are pregnant (especially during the first trimester) can harm your unborn baby. Use an effective form of birth control to keep from getting pregnant. If you think you have become pregnant while using this medicine, tell your doctor right away. This medicine may rarely cause serious liver problems. Check with your doctor right away if you or your child are having more than one of these symptoms: abdominal or stomach pain or tenderness, clay-colored stools, dark urine, decreased appetite, fever, headache, itching, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, skin rash, swelling of the feet or lower legs, unusual tiredness or weakness, or yellow eyes or skin. This medicine may rarely ...
Do not receive this medicine if you are also using astemizole (Hismanal®) or terfenadine (Seldane®). Using these medicines together may cause serious unwanted effects. Check with your doctor right away if you or your child have pain or tenderness in the upper stomach; pale stools; dark urine; loss of appetite; nausea; unusual tiredness or weakness; or yellow eyes or skin. These could be symptoms of a serious liver problem. Erythromycin may cause diarrhea, and in some cases it can be severe. It may occur 2 months or more after you stop using this medicine. Do not take any medicine to treat diarrhea without first checking with your doctor. Diarrhea medicines may make the diarrhea worse or make it last longer. If you have any questions about this or if mild diarrhea continues or gets worse, check with your doctor. This medicine can cause changes in heart rhythms, such as a condition called QT prolongation. It may change the way your heart beats and cause fainting or serious side effects in some ...
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.. Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.. ...
If your or your childs symptoms do not improve within a few days, or if they become worse, check with your doctor. Do not take halofantrine (Halfan®) or ketoconazole (Nizoral®) with mefloquine or within 15 weeks after the last dose of this medicine. This may increase the risk for more serious problems. Contact your doctor right away if you or your child have any changes to your heart rhythm. You might feel dizzy or faint, or you might have a fast, pounding, or uneven heartbeat. Make sure your doctor knows if you or anyone in your family has ever had a heart rhythm problem such as QT prolongation. Tell your doctor right away if you or your child are feeling anxious, confused, depressed, restless, or having unusual thoughts or behavior after using mefloquine. Check with your doctor right away if you have the following symptoms after taking this medicine: dizziness, feeling of constant movement of self or surroundings, seizures, or trouble sleeping. These symptoms may continue to occur for ...
Wikisource:WikiProject Open Access/Programmatic import from PubMed Central/Identification of Novel Functional Inhibitors of...... and aprindine 141, biperidene 149, buclicine 152, buspiron 154, diosmin 190, emetine 196, encainide 197, fosinopril 211, ... aprindine 141, biperidene 149, carvedilol 160, cepharantine 161, clemastine 170, clofazimine 172, conessine 175, desloratadine ...
- Aprindine-induced polymorphous ventricular tachycardia. (healthtap.com)
- Naccarelli GV, Prystowsky EN, Jackman WM, Heger JJ, Rahilly GT, Zipes DP (1982) Role of electrophysiologic testing in managing patients who have ventricular tachycardia unrelated to coronary artery disease. (springer.com)
- Rahilly GT, Prystowsky EN, Zipes DP, Naccarelli GV, Jackman WM, Heger JJ (1982) Clinical and electrophysiologic findings in patients with repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia and otherwise normal electrocardiogram. (springer.com)
- Rinkenberger RL, Prystowsky EN, Jackman WM, Naccarelli GV, Heger JJ, Zipes DP (1982) Drug conversion of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia to sustained ventricular tachycardia during serial electrophysiologic studies: Identification of drugs that exacerbate tachycardia and potential mechanisms. (springer.com)
- Schaeffer AH, Greene HL, Reid PR (1978) Suppression of the repetitive ventricular response: an index of long-term antiarrhythmic effectiveness of aprindine for ventricular tachycardia in man. (springer.com)
- These studies indicate the temporal relationship between aprindine administration and LAD occlusion importantly modifies the regional myocardial distribution of aprindine and its effects on ventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery occlusion. (elsevier.com)
- In both patients evidence of hepatitis appeared within 3 weeks of initiating aprindine therapy and resolved rapidly when the drug was withdrawn. (annals.org)
- We administered aprindine to dogs before, 5 min after, and 24 h after one-stage left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion. (elsevier.com)
- Nattel, S, Pedersen, DH & Zipes, DP 1981, ' Alterations in regional myocardial distribution and arrhythmogenic effects of aprindine produced by coronary artery occlusion in the dog ', Cardiovascular Research , vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 80-85. (elsevier.com)
- We have seen two patients whose hepatitis was due to the administration of aprindine, a new antiarrhythmic agent. (annals.org)
- The reintroduction of aprindine in one patient was associated with the reappearance of hepatitis, which resolved despite continued administration of the drug. (annals.org)
- Coronary artery occlusion performed after aprindine administration slowed the rate of disappearance of aprindine from the ischaemic zone compared with the normal zone, so that ischaemic zone aprindine concentrations averaged more than twice normal zone aprindine concentrations 1 h after LAD occlusion. (elsevier.com)
- Aprindine is a Class 1b antiarrhythmic agent. (wikipedia.org)
- Prystowsky EN, Heger JJ, Zipes DP (1982) The recognition and treatment of patients at risk for sudden death. (springer.com)