Apraxias. Medical search

A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)

A form of apraxia characterized by an acquired inability to carry out a complex motor activity despite the ability to mentally formulate the action. This condition has been attributed to a disruption of connections between the dominant parietal cortex and supplementary and premotor cortical regions in both hemispheres. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p57)

Impaired ambulation not attributed to sensory impairment or motor weakness. FRONTAL LOBE disorders; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES (e.g., PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS); DEMENTIA, MULTI-INFARCT; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; and other conditions may be associated with gait apraxia.

Acquired or developmental conditions marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or generate spoken forms of language.

A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.

Disorders that feature impairment of eye movements as a primary manifestation of disease. These conditions may be divided into infranuclear, nuclear, and supranuclear disorders. Diseases of the eye muscles or oculomotor cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI) are considered infranuclear. Nuclear disorders are caused by disease of the oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nuclei in the BRAIN STEM. Supranuclear disorders are produced by dysfunction of higher order sensory and motor systems that control eye movements, including neural networks in the CEREBRAL CORTEX; BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; and BRAIN STEM. Ocular torticollis refers to a head tilt that is caused by an ocular misalignment. Opsoclonus refers to rapid, conjugate oscillations of the eyes in multiple directions, which may occur as a parainfectious or paraneoplastic condition (e.g., OPSOCLONUS-MYOCLONUS SYNDROME). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p240)

Loss or impairment of the ability to write (letters, syllables, words, or phrases) due to an injury to a specific cerebral area or occasionally due to emotional factors. This condition rarely occurs in isolation, and often accompanies APHASIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p485; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)

Movement of a part of the body for the purpose of communication.

Disorders of the centrally located thalamus, which integrates a wide range of cortical and subcortical information. Manifestations include sensory loss, MOVEMENT DISORDERS; ATAXIA, pain syndromes, visual disorders, a variety of neuropsychological conditions, and COMA. Relatively common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; BRAIN HYPOXIA; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; and infectious processes.

Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.

A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).

Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.

Disorders of the quality of speech characterized by the substitution, omission, distortion, and addition of phonemes.

Perception of shape and form of objects by TOUCH, via tactile stimuli.

Impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal ambulation (WALKING) which may result from impairments of motor function or sensory feedback. This condition may be associated with BRAIN DISEASES (including CEREBELLAR DISEASES and BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES); SPINAL CORD DISEASES; or PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES.

Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)

Measurement of parameters of the speech product such as vocal tone, loudness, pitch, voice quality, articulation, resonance, phonation, phonetic structure and prosody.

Treatment for individuals with speech defects and disorders that involves counseling and use of various exercises and aids to help the development of new speech habits.

A group of inherited and sporadic disorders which share progressive ataxia in combination with atrophy of the CEREBELLUM; PONS; and inferior olivary nuclei. Additional clinical features may include MUSCLE RIGIDITY; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; RETINAL DEGENERATION; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; DEMENTIA; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and OPHTHALMOPLEGIA. The familial form has an earlier onset (second decade) and may feature spinal cord atrophy. The sporadic form tends to present in the fifth or sixth decade, and is considered a clinical subtype of MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1085)

Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.

A term used in Eastern European research literature on brain and behavior physiology for cortical functions. It refers to the highest level of integrative function of the brain, centered in the CEREBRAL CORTEX, regulating language, thought, and behavior via sensory, motor, and cognitive processes.

Loss of the ability to comprehend the meaning or recognize the importance of various forms of stimulation that cannot be attributed to impairment of a primary sensory modality. Tactile agnosia is characterized by an inability to perceive the shape and nature of an object by touch alone, despite unimpaired sensation to light touch, position, and other primary sensory modalities.

Disorders of verbal and nonverbal communication caused by receptive or expressive LANGUAGE DISORDERS, cognitive dysfunction (e.g., MENTAL RETARDATION), psychiatric conditions, and HEARING DISORDERS.

Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. It conducts and supports biomedical research and research training on normal mechanisms as well as diseases and disorders of hearing, balance, smell, taste, voice, speech, and language. It was established in 1988.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Lists of words, usually in alphabetical order, giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning.

A large group of diseases which are characterized by a low prevalence in the population. They frequently are associated with problems in diagnosis and treatment.

Production of drugs or biologicals which are unlikely to be manufactured by private industry unless special incentives are provided by others.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

A characteristic symptom complex.

Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.

Organic chemistry methodology that mimics the modular nature of various biosynthetic processes. It uses highly reliable and selective reactions designed to "click" i.e., rapidly join small modular units together in high yield, without offensive byproducts. In combination with COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES, it is used for the synthesis of new compounds and combinatorial libraries.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Communication through a system of conventional vocal symbols.

Disorders of speech articulation caused by imperfect coordination of pharynx, larynx, tongue, or face muscles. This may result from CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; CEREBELLAR DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; BRAIN STEM diseases; or diseases of the corticobulbar tracts (see PYRAMIDAL TRACTS). The cortical language centers are intact in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p489)

The process whereby an utterance is decoded into a representation in terms of linguistic units (sequences of phonetic segments which combine to form lexical and grammatical morphemes).

A progressive form of dementia characterized by the global loss of language abilities and initial preservation of other cognitive functions. Fluent and nonfluent subtypes have been described. Eventually a pattern of global cognitive dysfunction, similar to ALZHEIMER DISEASE, emerges. Pathologically, there are no Alzheimer or PICK DISEASE like changes, however, spongiform changes of cortical layers II and III are present in the TEMPORAL LOBE and FRONTAL LOBE. (From Brain 1998 Jan;121(Pt 1):115-26)

A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation.

A language dysfunction characterized by the inability to name people and objects that are correctly perceived. The individual is able to describe the object in question, but cannot provide the name. This condition is associated with lesions of the dominant hemisphere involving the language areas, in particular the TEMPORAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p484)

The former British crown colony located off the southeast coast of China, comprised of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, and New Territories. The three sites were ceded to the British by the Chinese respectively in 1841, 1860, and 1898. Hong Kong reverted to China in July 1997. The name represents the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese xianggang, fragrant port, from xiang, perfume and gang, port or harbor, with reference to its currents sweetened by fresh water from a river west of it.

Coordination of activities and programs among health care institutions within defined geographic areas for the purpose of improving delivery and quality of medical care to the patients. These programs are mandated under U.S. Public Law 89-239.

Areawide planning for hospitals or planning of a particular hospital unit on the basis of projected consumer need. This does not include hospital design and construction or architectural plans.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)

Proteins that specifically bind to IRON.

Pure apraxic agraphia with abnormal writing stroke sequences: report of a Japanese patient with a left superior parietal haemorrhage. (1/188)

A 67 year old Japanese male patient had pure agraphia after a haemorrhage in the left superior parietal lobule. He developed difficulty in letter formation but showed no linguistic errors, consistent with the criteria of apraxic agraphia. He manifested a selective disorder of sequencing writing strokes, although he was able to orally state the correct sequences. The patient's complete recovery after 1 month, without new learning, showed that he had manifested a selective disorder of writing stroke sequences. These findings indicate that the final stage of the execution of writing according to acquired sequential memory shown as a stroke sequence can be selectively disturbed, and should be considered to be distinct from the ability of character imagery and the knowledge of the writing stroke sequence itself. This case also indicates that the left superior parietal lobule plays an important part in the execution of writing. (+info)

Impaired dexterity of the ipsilateral hand after stroke and the relationship to cognitive deficit. (2/188)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous research has reported impaired hand function on the "unaffected" side after stroke, but its incidence, origins, and impact on rehabilitation remain unclear. This study investigated whether impairment of ipsilateral dexterity is common early after middle cerebral artery stroke and explored the relationship to cognitive deficit. METHODS: Thirty patients within 1 month of an infarct involving the parietal or posterior frontal lobe (15 left and 15 right hemisphere) used the ipsilateral hand in tests that simulated everyday hand functions. Performance was compared with that of healthy age-matched controls using the same hand. Standardized tests were used to assess apraxia, visuospatial ability, and aphasia. RESULTS: All patients were able to complete the dexterity tests, but video analysis showed that performance was slow and clumsy compared with that of controls (P<0.001). Impairment was most severe after left hemisphere damage, and apraxia was a strong correlate of increased dexterity errors (P<0.01), whereas reduced ipsilateral grip strength correlated with slowing (P<0.05). The pattern of performance was different for patients with right hemisphere damage. Here there was no correlation between grip strength and slowing, while dexterity errors appeared to be due to visuospatial problems. CONCLUSIONS: Subtle impairments in dexterity of the ipsilateral hand are common within 1 month of stroke. Ipsilateral sensorimotor losses may contribute to these impairments, but the major factor appears to be the presence of cognitive deficits affecting perception and control of action. The nature of these deficits varies with side of brain damage. The effect of impaired dexterity on functional outcome is not yet known. (+info)

Spatial deficits in ideomotor limb apraxia. A kinematic analysis of aiming movements. (3/188)

Ideomotor limb apraxia is a classic neurological disorder manifesting as a breakdown in co-ordinated limb control with spatiotemporal deficits. We employed kinematic analyses of simple aiming movements in left hemisphere-damaged patients with and without limb apraxia and a normal control group to examine preprogramming and response implementation deficits in apraxia. Damage to the frontal and parietal lobes was more common in apraxics, but neither frontal nor parietal damage was associated with different arm movement deficits. Limb apraxia was associated with intact preprogramming but impaired response implementation. The response implementation deficits were characterized by spatial but not temporal deficits, consistent with decoupling of spatial and temporal features of movement in limb apraxia. While the apraxics' accuracy was normal when visual feedback was available, it was impaired when visual feedback of either target location or hand position was unavailable. This finding suggests that ideomotor limb apraxia is associated with disruption of the neural representations for the extrapersonal (spatial location) and intrapersonal (hand position) features of movement. The non-apraxic group's normal kinematic performance demonstrates that the deficits demonstrated in the apraxic group are not simply a reflection of left hemisphere damage per se. (+info)

Dyspraxia in a patient with corticobasal degeneration: the role of visual and tactile inputs to action. (4/188)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the roles of visual and tactile information in a dyspraxic patient with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) who showed dramatic facilitation in miming the use of a tool or object when he was given a tool to manipulate; and to study the nature of the praxic and neuropsychological deficits in CBD. METHODS: The subject had clinically diagnosed CBD, and exhibited alien limb behaviour and striking ideomotor dyspraxia. General neuropsychological evaluation focused on constructional and visuospatial abilities, calculation, verbal fluency, episodic and semantic memory, plus spelling and writing because impairments in this domain were presenting complaints. Four experiments assessed the roles of visual and tactile information in the facilitation of motor performance by tools. Experiment 1 evaluated the patient's performance of six limb transitive actions under six conditions: (1) after he described the relevant tool from memory, (2) after he was shown a line drawing of the tool, (3) after he was shown a real exemplar of the tool, (4) after he watched the experimenter perform the action, (5) while he was holding the tool, and (6) immediately after he had performed the action with the tool but with the tool removed from his grasp. Experiment 2 evaluated the use of the same six tools when the patient had tactile but no visual information (while he was blindfolded). Experiments 3 and 4 assessed performance of actions appropriate to the same six tools when the patient had either neutral or inappropriate tactile feedback-that is, while he was holding a non-tool object or a different tool. RESULTS: Miming of tool use was not facilitated by visual input; moreover, lack of visual information in the blindfolded condition did not reduce performance. The principal positive finding was a dramatic facilitation of the patient's ability to demonstrate object use when he was holding either the appropriate tool or a neutral object. Tools inappropriate to the requested action produced involuntary performance of the stimulus relevant action. CONCLUSIONS: Tactile stimulation was paramount in the facilitation of motor performance in tool use by this patient with CBD. This outcome suggests that tactile information should be included in models which hypothesise modality specific inputs to the action production system. Significant impairments in spelling and letter production that have not previously been reported in CBD have also been documented. (+info)

Perception of self-generated movement following left parietal lesion. (5/188)

Three apraxic patients with lesions in the left parietal cortex were required to execute finger movements with either hand, while the visual feedback they received about the movement was manipulated systematically. We used a device which allowed us to present on a video monitor either the patient's hand or the examiner's hand simultaneously performing an identical or a different movement. In each trial, patients were required to decide whether the hand shown on the screen was their own or not. Hand movements produced in response to verbal command included simple (single-finger extension) and complex gestures (multi-finger extension). Ownership judgements were analysed and compared with those produced by six normal controls and two non-apraxic neurological patients. Apraxic patients and controls accurately recognized their own hand on the screen (own movement condition) and correctly identified the viewed hand as the examiner's when it performed a movement different from their own movement (incongruent movement condition). However, when the viewed hand was the examiner's hand executing their own movement (congruent movement condition), apraxic patients were significantly more impaired than controls. When the results were analysed as a function of gesture type, the number of correct responses was significantly lower for apraxic patients with respect to controls only for complex gestures. Interestingly, when patients executed the finger gestures inaccurately, they still failed to recognize the examiner's hand as alien, and claimed that the correct movement presented on the screen was their own. These results confirm that parietal lesions alter the representational aspects of gestures, and suggest a failure in evaluating and comparing internal and external feedback about movement. We conclude that the parietal cortex plays an important role in generating and maintaining a kinaesthetic model of ongoing movements. (+info)

Dark adaptation, motor skills, docosahexaenoic acid, and dyslexia. (6/188)

Dyslexia is a widespread condition characterized by difficulty with learning and movement skills. It is frequently comorbid with dyspraxia (developmental coordination disorder), the chief characteristic of which is impaired movement skills, indicating that there may be some common biological basis to the conditions. Visual and central processing deficits have been found. The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are important components of retinal and brain membranes. In the preliminary studies reported here, dark adaptation was shown to be impaired in 10 dyslexic young adults when compared with a similar control group (P < 0.05, repeated-measures analysis of variance); dark adaptation improved in 5 dyslexia patients after supplementation with a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich fish oil for 1 mo (P < 0.05, paired t test on final rod threshold); and movement skills in a group of 15 dyspraxic children improved after 4 mo of supplementation with a mixture of high-DHA fish oil, evening primrose oil, and thyme oil (P < 0.007 for manual dexterity, P < 0.02 for ball skills, and P < 0.03 for static and dynamic balance; paired t tests). The studies were small and had designs that did not allow firm conclusions to be made. However, when considered with other evidence from another closely related condition, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, for which reduced ability to elongate and desaturate the essential fatty acids linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to arachidonic acid and DHA, respectively, has been proposed, the studies suggest that more research, including double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, would be useful to clarify the benefits of LCPUFAs in dyslexia and other closely related conditions. (+info)

Portal systemic encephalopathy presenting with dressing and constructional apraxia. (7/188)

We report a case with portal systemic encephalopathy who presented with dressing and constructional apraxia and subtle weakness of the left hand. We initially suspected a cerebrovascular attack in the right cerebral hemisphere, but brain T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed high intensity in the basal ganglia and hyperammonemia was detected. We performed abdominal MR angiography, which visualized an intrahepatic portal systemic shunt. Cerebral blood flow, measured by xenon-enhanced computed tomography, was decreased in the bilateral, but more dominantly right-sided, parietal watershed regions. We speculate that these boundary territories might be susceptible to damage by toxic metabolites of hepatic encephalopathy. (+info)

Worster-Drought syndrome, a mild tetraplegic perisylvian cerebral palsy. Review of 47 cases. (8/188)

A retrospective case-note analysis was undertaken of 47 children with a congenital upper motor neurone bulbar palsy (excluding pure speech dyspraxia) to clarify the phenotype of Worster-Drought syndrome (WDS) and to record its associated features and complications. The results revealed that the study children had significant bulbar problems (with 80% still needing a modified diet and a similar number using augmentative communication methods at last review). There were also high rates of predictable bulbar complications (86% had dribbling, 60% had glue ear, gastro-oesophageal reflux in 40%, history of poor nutrition in 40% and aspiration in 40%). Most of the children had additional complex impairments (91% had mild pyramidal tetraplegia, 81% learning difficulties, 60% congenital defects, 41% neuropsychiatric problems and 28% epilepsy). Over half of the children had significant medical problems in the first year, but mean age at diagnosis was 6 years. There were no obvious causes in pregnancy or birth. Six children had a family history of WDS and 32% (12/37) had abnormal neuroimaging including five with bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria. In our experience, WDS is not uncommon, is relatively easily diagnosed and is crucial not to miss as the management of these children's multiple impairments is complex and requires a careful team approach. WDS falls clearly within the cerebral palsies as a syndrome that includes motor impairment arising from static damage to the brain in early life. The common presence of cognitive, behavioural and seizure impairments strongly supports the cerebral cortical (presumably perisylvian) localization. Its core elements are a suprabulbar paresis, a mild spastic tetraplegia and a significant excess of cognitive and behavioural impairments and epilepsy. The complete overlap in phenotype between WDS and the bilateral perisylvian syndrome leads us to propose that they are the same condition. WDS is startlingly absent from epidemiological studies of the cerebral palsies and rarely diagnosed, presumably because of lack of clinical awareness of the condition and lack of major gross motor impairments. (+info)

Optic apraxia[edit]. Optic apraxia is a condition that results from a total inability of a person to coordinate eye and hand ... Balint's syndrome patients can suffer from 3 major components: optic apraxia, optic ataxia, and simultanagnosia.[23] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand-eye_coordination

p. 141). Barraquer Bordas, L. (1974). Afasias, Apraxias, Agnosias. Barcelona: Toray. ISBN 84-310-0866-0. p. 141. Siguan, M. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justo_Gonzalo

2005). Apraxia. Speakeffectively.com Ogar, J.; Slama, H.; Dronkers, N.; Amici, S.; Gorno-Tempini, M. L. (2005), "Apraxia of ... The characteristics of apraxia of speech include difficulties in imitating speech sounds, imitating no-speech movements, such ... However, patients who suffer from apraxia of speech may retain the ability to produce formulaic language, such as "thank you" ... Apraxia of speech can also occur in conjunction with dysarthria (muscle weakness affecting speech production) or aphasia ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formulaic_language

Walton, J. N.; Ellis, E.; Court, S. D. M. (1962). "Clumsy children: developmental apraxia and agnosia". Brain. 85 (3): 603-12. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonverbal_learning_disorder

in apraxia) Aux. Submarine Chaser No.171, completed on 11 May 1944, survived war. Transferred to Japan Maritime Safety Agency ... in apraxia) Aux. Submarine Chaser No.183, completed on 3 July 1944, survived war. Transferred to Japan Maritime Safety Agency ... in apraxia) Sold to Kanagawa Prefecture on 16 February 1948. No.2064 vessel (Aux. Submarine Chaser No.214), transferred to ... in apraxia) Aux. Submarine Chaser No.227, completed on 24 October 1944, survived war. Aux. Submarine Chaser No.228, completed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No.1-class_auxiliary_submarine_chaser

Apraxia is a neurological condition in which an individual loses the ability to execute movements that the individual is ... Studies of motor apraxia use BPO measures to better understand gestural impairment in apraxic patients, and often consider ... Many assessments of apraxia have been published, however few are considered to be clinically appropriate. Numerous evaluations ... The strength of an action schema is significant in studying apraxia and BPO pantomimes, because there appears to be a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_part_as_an_object

... with oculomotor apraxia and hypoalbuminemia; 208920; APTX Ataxia-ocular apraxia-2; 606002; SETX Ataxia-telangiectasia; 208900; ... with spastic paraparesis and apraxia; 607822; PSEN1 Alzheimer disease, type 3, with spastic paraparesis and unusual plaques; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

The concept of apraxia was shaped by Hugo Liepmann about a hundred years ago. Apraxia is predominantly a symptom of left brain ... Non dominant hemisphere Spatial disorientation Constructional apraxia Dressing apraxia Anosognosia - a condition in which a ... Apraxia is a disorder of motor control which can be referred neither to "elemental" motor deficits nor to general cognitive ... Apraxia - inability to perform complex movements in the presence of normal motor, sensory and cerebellar function. Agnosia ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_lobe

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia Type 1 OMIM entries on Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia Type 1 ... Ataxia oculomotor apraxia-1 is a neurological disorder caused by mutations in the APTX gene that encodes aprataxin. The ... 2005). "The ataxia-oculomotor apraxia 1 gene product has a role distinct from ATM and interacts with the DNA strand break ... 1995). "Ataxia-oculomotor apraxia syndrome". J. Child Neurol. 10 (2): 118-22. doi:10.1177/088307389501000210. PMID 7782601. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprataxin

Gubbay SS (October 1978). "The management of developmental apraxia". Dev Med Child Neurol. 20 (5): 643-6. doi:10.1111/j.1469- ... Other names include: Developmental Apraxia, Disorder of Attention and Motor Perception (DAMP) Dyspraxia, Developmental ... and in the United States the usual term is childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Key problems include: Difficulties controlling ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_coordination_disorder

"A Treatment for Dysprosody in Childhood Apraxia of Speech". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 53 (5): 1227-45 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysprosody

Moreira, Maria-Ceu; Koenig, Michel (December 8, 2011). Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia Type 2. PMID 20301333. NBK1154. In ... ataxia with oculomotor apraxia (AOA), spastic ataxia. Disorder subdivisions: Friedreich's ataxia, Spinocerebellar ataxia, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_ataxia

There are two types of Apraxia. Developmental (or Childhood Apraxia of speech) or acquired Apraxia. Childhood apraxia of speech ... Apraxia is not a result of sensory problems, or physical issues with the articulatory structures themselves, simply the way the ... apraxia of speech or developmental verbal dyspraxia). Such deficits can be related to pathology of the nervous system (central ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_speech_disorders

Kohonen's topological structures aphasia and apraxia. International Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 36, pp. 113-118. Struzik, T ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_Kępiński

Developmental verbal dyspraxia also known as Childhood apraxia of speech. Other. *Auditory processing disorder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD-10_Chapter_F

Developmental verbal dyspraxia also known as Childhood apraxia of speech. Other. *Auditory processing disorder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_

Greene, J. D. W (2005). "Apraxia, agnosias, and higher visual function abnormalities". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_visual_agnosia

Parietal apraxia: A patient is unable to understand or execute actions. Constructional apraxia: A patient has trouble drawing. ... parietal apraxia and construction apraxia. Interestingly, other patients with symptoms of Tactile-Amorphosynthesis showed signs ... Constructional apraxia When asked to arrange, draw, or copy a simple model of one- to three-dimensional figures, a patient ... and amorphosynthetic apraxia of speech or writing Treatment of amorphosynthesis is often carried out by a variety of clinicians ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphosynthesis

He conducted extensive research of a disorder he called apraxia, a term that he introduced in 1900. Apraxia is described as the ... The pathology of apraxia ("motor asymbolia") pursuant to a case of unilateral apraxia. Über Ideenflucht. Begriffsbestimmung und ... As a result of his studies, he divided apraxia into three types: ideational: object blindness, where the patient is incapable ... Science Encyclopedia; Apraxia Merriam Webster Dictionary definition of ataxia OCLC Classify published works. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Liepmann

2001). "Manual and Oral Apraxia in Acute Stroke, Frequency and Influence on Functional Outcome: The Copenhagen Stroke Study". ... Can Heugten CM (2001). "Rehabilitation and Management of Apraxia After Stroke". Reviews in Clinical Gerontology. 11: 177-184. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_recovery

doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(03)00041-1. Greene JD (December 2005). "Apraxia, agnosias, and higher visual function abnormalities". J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia

Ataxic cerebral palsy Spinocerebellar ataxia Bruns apraxia dystaxia. (n.d.). The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxia

In global apraxia, spelling knowledge is lost to such a degree that the individual can only write very few meaningful words, or ... Apraxic agraphia without ideomotor apraxia may be caused by damage to either of the parietal lobes, the dominant frontal lobe, ... Apraxic agraphia with ideomotor apraxia is typically caused by damage to the superior parietal lobe (where graphomotor plans ... Apraxic agraphia may present with or without ideomotor apraxia. Paralysis, chorea, Parkinson's disease (micrographia), and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agraphia

Amusia Aphasia Apraxia Auditory verbal agnosia Sternberg, Robert J.; Mio, Jeffery Scott (2009). Cognitive psycholog. Australia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_agnosia

Their daughter Grace has apraxia, a neurological speech disorder called. In 2010 Beth Clements' parents, Clifton and Priscilla ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_P._Clements

Developmental verbal dyspraxia also known as childhood apraxia of speech. Dysarthria is a weakness or paralysis of speech ... Apraxia of speech may result from stroke or progressive illness, and involves inconsistent production of speech sounds and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_disorder

Apraxia, motor problems, and seizures are prominent during this stage. However, there may be improvement in behavior, with less ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rett_syndrome

"Right Orbitofrontal Tumor With Pedophilia Symptom and Constructional Apraxia Sign". Archives of Neurology. 60 (3): 437. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromorality

Urinary incontinence and gait apraxia are also not uncommon findings. Of note, occlusive damage to Heubner's artery may also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_artery_of_Heubner

Oral apraxia, also referred to as nonverbal oral apraxia, is difficulty voluntarily moving the muscles of the lips, throat, ... Apraxia of speech (verbal apraxia) is difficulty initiating and executing voluntary movement patterns necessary to produce ... Because oral apraxia doesnt affect speech or swallowing, it may not be treated by a speech-language pathologist. ... Communication disorders that can appear following stroke or other brain injury include aphasia, apraxia of speech and oral ...

http://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/LifeAfterStroke/RegainingIndependence/CommunicationChallenges/Aphasia-vs-Apraxia_UCM_310079_Article.jsp

Childhood apraxia of speech - Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment for this childhood motor ... www.apraxia-kids.org/apraxia-information-downloads/. Accessed Feb. 8, 2016.. *About childhood apraxia of speech. The Childhood ... Treatment approaches for children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). The Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association of North ... www.apraxia-kids.org/apraxia-information-downloads/. Accessed Feb. 8, 2016.. *Speech sound disorders: Articulation and ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-apraxia-of-speech/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352051?footprints=mine

... why ambiguity and confusion exist in the minds of the general community and even those who suffer from aphasia and/or apraxia ... Whats the Difference Between Aphasia and Apraxia?. By Mamta Singh Average Select rating. Poor. Fair. Average. Good. Excellent ... Apraxia, on the other hand, may occur from damage caused to the motor speech area also known as Brocas area. This is located ... Apraxia patients, on the other hand, are given therapy that enables them to produce sounds through repetition. The therapy also ...

https://www.empowher.com/aphasia/content/what-s-difference-between-aphasia-and-apraxia

Make research projects and school reports about Apraxia easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia and ... Apraxia. Definition. Apraxia is a neurological disorder. In general, the diagnostic term "apraxia" can be used to classify the ... Types of apraxia There are several types of apraxia, and a patient could be diagnosed with one or more forms of this condition ... The types of apraxia include:. *Buccofacial or orofacial apraxia is the inability of a person to follow through on commands ...

http://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/diseases-and-conditions/pathology/apraxia

Diseases : Aphasia, Apraxias, Dementia, Parkinsons Disease, Stroke: Attenuation/Recovery Therapeutic Actions : Melodic ... Vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids are therapeutic in apraxia and perhaps autism spectrum disorders. Jul 01, 2009. ...

https://www.greenmedinfo.com/disease/apraxias

Learn more about Apraxia at Portsmouth Regional Hospital DefinitionCausesRisk ... Apraxia of speech-difficulty performing the movements needed to make speech. *Constructional apraxia-inability to copy or draw ... Some common forms of apraxia and their symptoms include:. *Buccofacial or orofacial apraxia-inability to make facial movements ... Apraxia is the inability to do learned movements or signals. You may have the desire and the physical ability to do the ...

https://portsmouthhospital.com/hl/?/434766/Apraxia&com.dotmarketing.htmlpage.language=1

Ataxia Oculomotor Apraxia. Some articles on ataxia, oculomotor apraxia:. Ataxia Telangiectasia - Differential Diagnosis. ... ... common disorders that are sometimes confused with A-T are Cerebral palsy Friedreich ataxia Cogan oculomotor apraxia ... Most ...

http://www.primidi.com/ataxia_oculomotor_apraxia

A Chicago-area company says its mix of vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids can help children with verbal apraxia, but the capsules ... There are several kinds of apraxia, which may occur alone or together. If mild, apraxia is called dyspraxia. Verbal apraxia ... What is apraxia? Apraxia is a neurological disorder characterized by an inability to carry out skilled movements, despite ... Verbal apraxia, also called apraxia of speech, is a neurologically based disorder in which a person has difficulty speaking ...

http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/ct-met-speech-supplements-20100915-story.html

Apraxia Activities Packet is a creative and engaging way to elicit multiple repetitions of targets with children with apraxia ... This Interactive Apraxia Activities Packet is a creative and engaging way to elicit multiple repetitions of targets with ... children with apraxia or severe articulation needs who are working at CV / VC / CVC level. The story based approach with simple ... The apraxia packet includes:. ★ Baseboard and cut out characters (can be used as cookie sheet activity). ★ 6 x Stories. ★ 6 x ...

https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Apraxia-of-Speech-Activities-Winter-Snow-Pack-1611923

Apraxia By Juebin Huang, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative ... Less commonly, apraxia results from damage to other areas of the brain, such as the premotor cortex (the part of the frontal ... Apraxia results from brain damage (eg, by infarct, tumor, or trauma) or degeneration, usually in the parietal lobes or their ... Patients with apraxia cannot conceptualize or do learned complex motors tasks despite being able to do the individual component ...

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/function-and-dysfunction-of-the-cerebral-lobes/apraxia

... PAID ADVERTISING CONTENT , on ... When Clayton Jones was five years old, he had to deal with verbal apraxia, which involved difficulty with motor skills, causing ...

http://www.mrt.com/business/amp/HEALTHY-LIVING-In-Balance-clients-get-help-with-7432304.php

Pure apraxia of lid opening (which is not associated with blepharospasm) is very rare. However, apraxia of lid opening is ... In patients with apraxia of lid opening, nearly every fiber of orbicularis muscle in the central portion of the eyelid must be ... In some apraxia of lid opening patients, it has been shown by EMG that simultaneous impulses to the squeezing muscles and ... Apraxia of lid opening is a condition in which patients who have otherwise normal eyelids have difficulty opening the eyelids. ...

https://www.parkinsonsresource.org/news/articles/what-is-apraxia-of-eyelid-opening-and-how-do-you-treat-it/

title = "Apraxia of speech: An overview",. abstract = "Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder that can occur in the ... Ogar, J., Slama, H., Dronkers, N., Amici, S., & Gorno-Tempini, M. L. (2005). Apraxia of speech: An overview. Neurocase, 11(6), ... Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder that can occur in the absence of aphasia or dysarthria. AOS has been the ... N2 - Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder that can occur in the absence of aphasia or dysarthria. AOS has been ...

https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/apraxia-of-speech-an-overview

Some patients with Apraxia may even become mute. Apraxia is related to degenerative neurologic disease and is frequently ... Apraxia may start as an occasional stumble across words but can progress to a complete loss of speech. ... As patients and medical professionals cannot always recognize apraxia of speech, treatment is usually not received until the ...

http://aansneurosurgeon.org/speech-disorder-called-apraxia-can-progress-to-neurodegenerative-disease/

Apraxia of speech. Main article: Apraxia of speech. Apraxia of speech (AOS) involves the loss of previously acquired speech ... Some individuals with apraxia may benefit from the use of a communication aid. However, many people with apraxia are no longer ... There are several types of apraxia including: *Ideomotor apraxia: These patients have deficits in their ability to plan or ... Buccofacial or orofacial apraxia: Non-verbal oral or buccofacial ideomotor apraxia resulting in difficulty carrying out ...

http://research.omicsgroup.org/index.php/Apraxia

... genetics and apraxia I remember the first time my interest really sparked about genetics and how… ... This is Part 2 of my series on genetics and apraxia. Please click here to read Part 1. The genetic results of Jake and the two ... genetics and apraxia, HLA gene mutation and apraxia, methylation and language, MTHFR mutations and apraxia, PEMT gene and ... Categories: Resources•Tags: apraxia and gluten, CBS mutations and sulfur, GABA and speech, GAD1 mutations and speech, genes and ...

https://jakes-journey-apraxia.com/2014/11/03/genetics-and-apraxia-part-2/

I69.090 is a billable code used to specify a medical diagnosis of apraxia following nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Code ... Apraxia following nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Long Description:. Apraxia following nontraumatic subarachnoid ... Apraxia (classic) (ideational) (ideokinetic) (ideomotor) (motor) (verbal) - R48.2 * - following* - cerebrovascular disease - ... I69.090 is a billable code used to specify a medical diagnosis of apraxia following nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. The ...

https://icdlist.com/icd-10/I69.090

Childhood Apraxia of Speech Versus Developmental Apraxia of Speech. The Committee recommends childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) ... Limb apraxias, oral apraxia, and apraxia of speech have been frequently reported for children with autism or a pervasive ... Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Ad Hoc Committee on Apraxia of Speech in Children. About this Document. This technical report was ... The Apraxias Versus the Dysarthrias. Several other types of apraxia and several types of dysarthria play prominent roles in the ...

https://www.asha.org/content.aspx?id=10737450490

"Apraxia of speech". American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2013.. *^ Josephs KA, Duffy JR (December 2008). "Apraxia of ... Progressive apraxia of speech. Recent research has established the existence of primary progressive apraxia of speech caused by ... The disorder is currently referred to as "apraxia of speech", but was also formerly termed "verbal dyspraxia". The term apraxia ... Developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD), also known as childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and developmental apraxia of speech (DAS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apraxia_of_speech

Apraxia is a disorder of the brain and nervous system in which a person is unable to perform tasks or movements when asked, ... Verbal apraxia; Dyspraxia; Speech disorder - apraxia; Childhood apraxia of speech; Apraxia of speech; Acquired apraxia ... Apraxia is caused by damage to the brain. When apraxia develops in a person who was previously able to perform the tasks or ... In gait apraxia, it becomes impossible for a person to take even a small step. Gait apraxia is commonly seen in normal pressure ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007472.htm

... apraxia affects the upper extremities so that the individual cannot carry out fine motor acts, such as turning a key in a lock ... Alternative Title: motor apraxia. Learn about this topic in these articles:. description. * In apraxia. Kinetic, or motor, ... apraxia affects the upper extremities so that the individual cannot carry out fine motor acts, such as turning a key in a lock ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/kinetic-apraxia

Acquired Apraxia of Speech: A Treatment Overview Apraxia: Symptoms, Causes, Tests, Treatments Childhood Apraxia of Speech ... Some individuals with apraxia may benefit from the use of a communication aid. However, many people with apraxia are no longer ... Limb-kinetic apraxia: voluntary movements of extremities are impaired. For example, a person affected by limb apraxia may have ... Buccofacial or orofacial apraxia: Non-verbal oral or buccofacial ideomotor apraxia describes difficulty carrying out movements ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apraxia

Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia is a condition characterized by problems with movement that worsen over time. Explore symptoms, ... Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 4 begins around age 4. In addition to ataxia and oculomotor apraxia, individuals with this ... Mutations in the APTX, SETX, or PNKP gene cause ataxia with oculomotor apraxia types 1, 2, or 4, respectively. Mutations in ... Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia is a rare condition. Types 1 and 4 are most frequent in Portugal, and type 1 is also found in ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ataxia-with-oculomotor-apraxia

... Kraig Knapp deekraig at delphi.com Sun Aug 14 20:29:51 EST 1994 *Previous message: Verbal Apraxia ... Typically, patients with apraxia cant perform a particular movement at the request of the examiner, but they might still be ... Apraxia, which is the motor systems equivalent of aphasia, is the inability to execute learned actions despite normal strength ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/neur-sci/1994-August/014690.html

The term apraxia was first created by Steinthal in 1871 and was then applied by Gogol, Kusmaul, Star, and Pick to patients who ... Ideational apraxia (IA) is a neurological disorder which explains the loss of ability to conceptualize, plan, and execute the ... Ideational apraxia is a condition in which an individual is unable to plan movements related to interaction with objects, ... Ideational apraxia is a difficult disorder to diagnose. That is because the majority of individuals who have this disorder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideational_apraxia

Keywords : Apraxia ; Hamsters as laboratory animals ; Digital video ; Hamsters Abstract :. A film by Bryan Kolb and Ian Q. ...

https://www.uleth.ca/dspace/handle/10133/512

Everything2 is a community for fiction, nonfiction, poetry, reviews, and more. Get writing help or enjoy nearly a half million pieces of original writing.

https://everything2.com/title/Childhood+apraxia+of+speech

Adderall and Speech Apraxia. "My son takes Adderall for his ADHD, but has speech apraxia as well. He has weak oral musculature ...

https://www.additudemag.com/adderall-and-speech-apraxia/

EEG and EMG Analysis of Ideomotor Apraxia. *Ideomotor Apraxia. Observational. *National Institute of Neurological Disorders and ... Apraxia of Speech: Comparison of EPG Treatment (Tx) and Sound Production Treatment (SPT). *Apraxias ... Percentage of patients who exhibit apraxia of speech as measured by the Apraxia of Speech Rating Scale at presentation ... A Novel Treatment for Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech : Measurement of Outcomes. *Apraxia of Speech ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=%22Apraxia%22&show_down=Y

Upper limb apraxia, a disorder of higher motor cognition, is a common consequence of left-hemispheric stroke. Contrary to ... Note that we purposely refrain from using terms like ideo-motor apraxia or ideational apraxia, as the different apraxia ... neither of the two apraxia test batteries based on cognitive models of apraxia (see part "Apraxia tests primarily applicable ... inter-rater reliability of a new apraxia test, association of apraxia and other cognitive deficits and prevalence of apraxia in ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00415-011-6336-y

15 patients with oculomotor apraxia experience fatigue, depressed mood, anxious mood, insomnia, and pain and use Buspirone to ... Find the most comprehensive real-world symptom and treatment data on oculomotor apraxia at PatientsLikeMe. ... 0 oculomotor apraxia patients report severe anxious mood (0%). * 3 oculomotor apraxia patients report moderate anxious mood (50 ... 0 oculomotor apraxia patients report severe depressed mood (0%). * 3 oculomotor apraxia patients report moderate depressed mood ...

https://www.patientslikeme.com/conditions/1807-oculomotor-apraxia

To identify and distinguish two different types of progressive apraxia of speech (PAOS) through clinical imaging and testing in ... This observational study aims to identify and distinguish two different types of progressive apraxia of speech (PAOS), a ... Researchers have identified different characteristics in the speech patterns among people with progressive apraxia of speech ( ...

https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/clinical-trials/types-progressive-apraxia-speech

Speaking of Apraxia is a comprehensive and authoritative resource any family, SLP, occupational therapist, or pediatric ... At last, a parents guide to understanding, treating, and living with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Written in an empathic ... style by a parent who "has been there", Speaking of Apraxia offers hope and practical advice for parents of toddlers to teens ...

http://www.woodbinehouse.com/main.asp?PRODUCT_ID=978-1-60613-061-2

... Hi everyone. Thanks for creating this site, Mr. Young. May I have this opportunity to clarify my doubt ... Can this be termed ideational apraxia ; or should I not have tested his left hand ( for this particular task), for having had ... Can this be termed ideational apraxia ; or should I not have tested his left hand ( for this particular task), for having had ...

http://sci.rutgers.edu/forum/showthread.php?95881-Ideational-Apraxia&s=08cc72a5133d334bf572e615ca5e2836&p=795859&viewfull=1

Childhood apraxia of speech, sometimes called dyspraxia or developmental apraxia of speech, is a speech disorder in which the ... Children with apraxia also may have:. *sensitivity problems with their mouths, such as not liking to brush their teeth or eat ... Because students with apraxia are at risk for bullying, just like many other students with special needs, try to create ... Apraxia is more common in boys than girls, although girls with the disorder usually have a more severe form. ...

https://www.rchsd.org/health-articles/apraxia-dyspraxia-special-needs-factsheet/

Therefore, patients with apraxia are unlikely to perform activities of daily living well. ... Apraxia, one of the most important and least understood major behavioral neurology syndromes, robs patients of the ability to ... Limb-kinetic apraxia. Limb-kinetic apraxia (as distinct from limb apraxia) means a clumsy hand. Typically, it refers to the ... encoded search term (Apraxia and Related Syndromes) and Apraxia and Related Syndromes What to Read Next on Medscape. Related ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1136037-overview

Apraxia is a term that is used to describe the loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movement. This ... Unfortunately, my wife had a stroke and now has apraxia. Is this common? What can I do to help her? She seems so frustrated ...

https://www.zocdoc.com/answers/7182/is-apraxia-common-after-a-stroke

What is Developmental Apraxia?. Apraxia is a neurogenic impairment involving planning, executing and sequencing motor ... Speaking of Apraxia: A Parents Guide to Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Buy Now ... A Simple Definition for Apraxia. DAS (Developmental Apraxia of Speech) is a speech disorder that interferes with a childs ... I have twins both with Apraxia. It has been such a struggle and although CASANA is great, I feel there is a big gap in support ...

https://hubpages.com/education/My-Son-Johns-Verbal-Apraxia--A-Communication-Disorder

FP7,CogWatch,ICT-2011.5.1,R G B MEDICAL DEVICES SA(ES),TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN(DE),THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM(UK),THE STROKE ASSOCATION(UK),STAEDTISCHES KLINIKUM MUENCHEN GMBH(DE),HEADWISE LTD(UK),BMT GROUP LTD(UK),UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID(ES)

https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/288912/results

There are two main types of speech apraxia: acquired apraxia of speech and developmental apraxia of speech. Acquired apraxia of ... What is apraxia of speech?. Apraxia of speech, also known as verbal apraxia or dyspraxia, is a speech disorder in which a ... Aphasia may co-occur with speech disorders such as dysarthria or apraxia of speech, which also result from brain damage.. ... People with apraxia of speech often appear to be groping for the right sound or word, and may try saying a word several times ...

http://www.strokenetwork.org/newsletter/articles/aphasia.htm

Saccades and eye-head coordination in ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2. (ox.ac.uk)
Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2) is one of the most frequent autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias. (ox.ac.uk)

There are many types of apraxia. (portsmouthhospital.com)

What's the Difference Between Aphasia and Apraxia? (empowher.com)

To adequately treat apraxia of lid opening, all blepharospasm or squeezing in the upper eyelids must be relieved. (parkinsonsresource.org)

Speech-language pathologists may treat childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) with many therapies. (mayoclinic.org)
We report clinical, cytogenetic, and comparative genomic hybridization findings for three siblings with an unbalanced 4q;16q translocation, minor malformations, and cognitive abnormalities, including childhood apraxia of speech, a rare, severe motor speech disorder. (elsevier.com)
The present findings are the first to document childhood apraxia of speech in a multiplex family using contemporary speech measures. (elsevier.com)
We suggest that genotype-phenotype studies of childhood apraxia of speech occurring in complex neurodevelopmental disorders can elucidate the pathophysiology of this disorder. (elsevier.com)

Vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids are therapeutic in apraxia and perhaps autism spectrum disorders. (greenmedinfo.com)

The reason why ambiguity and confusion exist in the minds of the general community and even those who suffer from aphasia and/or apraxia in regards to what these terms mean is because both conditions involve expression skills and are quite often brought on after a stroke or an accident involving injury to the brain. (empowher.com)
Stroke can cause brain damage, which can lead to apraxia. (portsmouthhospital.com)
Apraxia may be due to stroke. (portsmouthhospital.com)

This Interactive Apraxia Activities Packet is a creative and engaging way to elicit multiple repetitions of targets with children with apraxia or severe articulation needs who are working at CV / VC / CVC level. (teacherspayteachers.com)

Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder that can occur in the absence of aphasia or dysarthria. (elsevier.com)

Apraxia is the inability to do learned movements or signals. (portsmouthhospital.com)
After apraxia of lid opening the next most common cause of inability to adequately open the eyelids is ptosis, brow ptosis, and dermatochalasis. (parkinsonsresource.org)

I69.090 is a billable code used to specify a medical diagnosis of apraxia following nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. (icdlist.com)
Oculomotor disturbances associated with AOA2 have been poorly studied mainly because the diagnosis of oculomotor apraxia was based on the presence of compensatory head thrusts. (ox.ac.uk)

Apraxia of speech in adults. (portsmouthhospital.com)

Oculomotor apraxia refers to horizontal gaze failure due to deficits in voluntary/reactive eye movements. (ox.ac.uk)
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present an argument for the use of online reaction time (RT) methods to the study of apraxia of speech (AOS) and to review the existing small literature in this area and the contributions it has made to our fundamental understanding of speech planning (deficits) in AOS. (elsevier.com)

Our study emphasises that in AOA2, hypometric saccades with a staircase pattern are a more reliable sign of oculomotor apraxia than head thrust movements. (ox.ac.uk)

On the other hand, apraxia patients suffer not from the ability to come up with the right word/term but are unable to activate their speech muscles to form those words. (empowher.com)
Apraxia patients, on the other hand, are given therapy that enables them to produce sounds through repetition. (empowher.com)
Therapy for apraxia patients also aims to train the patients to use alternative or augmentative communication system that requires little or no speaking such as writing or software programs that produce sounds on typing on the keypad. (empowher.com)
Apraxia of lid opening is a condition in which patients who have otherwise normal eyelids have difficulty opening the eyelids. (parkinsonsresource.org)
Apraxia of lid opening patients typically elevate their brows in an attempt to open their eyelids until the eyelids eventually open. (parkinsonsresource.org)
In some apraxia of lid opening patients, it has been shown by EMG that simultaneous impulses to the squeezing muscles and opening muscles occur. (parkinsonsresource.org)
It is important for physicians and patients to diagnose and understand apraxia of lid opening, as it is the most common cause of failure or inadequate response with botulinum toxin therapy. (parkinsonsresource.org)
The aim of this study was to characterise the nature of horizontal gaze failure in patients with AOA2 and to demonstrate oculomotor apraxia even in the absence of head thrusts. (ox.ac.uk)

Apraxia - a difficulty with motor planning which results in difficulty getting messages from the brain to the organs required for speech including lips and tongue. (givingyouavoice.co.uk)

Apraxia, on the other hand, may occur from damage caused to the motor speech area also known as Broca's area. (empowher.com)

I asked if this was a normal response she saw in children who have apraxia. (jakes-journey-apraxia.com)

Maas, E & Mailend, ML 2012, ' Speech planning happens before speech execution: Online reaction time methods in the study of apraxia of speech ', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , vol. 55, no. 5. (elsevier.com)

Ideational/conceptual apraxia: Patients have an inability to conceptualize a task and impaired ability to complete multistep actions. (wikipedia.org)
however, more research is needed on ideational apraxia due to brain lesions. (wikipedia.org)
The localization of lesions in areas of the frontal and temporal lobes would provide explanation for the difficulty in motor planning seen in ideational apraxia as well as its difficulty to distinguish it from certain aphasias. (wikipedia.org)
Ideational apraxia (IA) is a neurological disorder which explains the loss of ability to conceptualize, plan, and execute the complex sequences of motor actions involved in the use of tools or otherwise interacting with objects in everyday life. (wikipedia.org)
Ideational apraxia is a condition in which an individual is unable to plan movements related to interaction with objects, because he has lost the perception of the object's purpose. (wikipedia.org)
Yet, he still was never able to produce two patients with the same brain damage that showed ideational apraxia. (wikipedia.org)
Based on many additional case studies, Liepmann suggested that there are three major types of apraxia, each of which is caused by different sites of brain damage: ideational, ideo-motor, and kinetic. (encyclopedia.com)
Autopsy examinations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans have demonstrated that, in general, individuals with ideational, ideo-motor, and kinetic apraxias have pathologies involving either the back (parietal-occipital), middle (parietal), or front (frontal) lobes of the cerebral cortex, respectively. (encyclopedia.com)
The individual with ideational apraxia cannot consistently produce complex serial actions, particularly with objects, due to disruptions at the conceptual stage of motor planning where the purpose and desire to perform specific movements are formulated. (encyclopedia.com)
For example, if patients with ideational apraxia are requested to demonstrate proper use of a toothbrush, they might first brush their nails, then hesitate and brush their pants, and finally, with prompting, brush their teeth. (encyclopedia.com)
If asked to demonstrate use of a pair of scissors, unlike ideational apraxics, individuals with ideo-motor apraxia will not make the mistake of using this tool as if it were a screwdriver. (encyclopedia.com)
Another type of apraxia is ideational apraxia, which is characterized by inability to order a set of elementary movements that make up a complex action into their correct sequence. (jscimedcentral.com)
Ideational Apraxia: When a patient loses the ability to conceptualize, plan and execute complex sequences of motor actions, such as using everyday tools. (allaboutstrokes.com)
Ideational apraxia is the inability to create a plan for a specific movement. (askmoms.com)

Moreover, it provides clinicians with appropriate tools for the reliable diagnosis and effective treatment of apraxia. (springer.com)
But in a news release, the company described the supplement as 'a patented nutritional therapeutic formulation designed for the treatment of apraxia. (chicagotribune.com)
The treatment of apraxia takes time, patience, and commitment. (nspt4kids.com)
Pharmacotherapy for aphasia is addressed and reviews of the impact, risk factors, clinical consequences and treatment of apraxia post-stroke are also provided. (ebrsr.com)
The treatment of apraxia must be customized to treat the specific type of apraxia present in the patient. (allaboutstrokes.com)
Likewise, the treatment of apraxia also focuses on helping the individual cope with the condition, as there is no cure that exists. (allaboutstrokes.com)

The Committee recommends childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) as the classification term for this distinct type of childhood (pediatric) speech sound disorder. (asha.org)
Third, apraxia of speech not associated with any known neurological or complex neurobehavioral disorder occurs as an idiopathic neurogenic speech sound disorder . (asha.org)

This observational study aims to identify and distinguish two different types of progressive apraxia of speech (PAOS), a disorder associated with neurodegenerative disease and dementia, through clinical imaging and testing of adults with PAOS. (nih.gov)
Researchers have identified different characteristics in the speech patterns among people with progressive apraxia of speech (PAOS) and characterized two types, phonetic and prosodic, which may be associated with progression of neurodegenerative disease. (nih.gov)
The purpose of this study is to identify and distinguish two different types of Progressive Apraxia of Speech through clinical imaging and testing. (clinicaltrials.gov)
For the past decade the investigators have been studying patients with primary progressive apraxia of speech (PAOS). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Progressive apraxia of Speech (PAoS) is a progressive motor speech disorder associated with neurodegenerative disease causing impairment of phonetic encoding and motor speech planning. (epfl.ch)

Apraxia of speech, also known as verbal apraxia or dyspraxia, is a speech disorder in which a person has trouble saying what he or she wants to say correctly and consistently. (strokenetwork.org)
Another common condition that is confused with motor apraxia is dyspraxia. (allaboutstrokes.com)
Although both motor apraxia and dyspraxia patients have difficulties with the motor planning component of performing an action, it is important to note that there are some significant differences. (allaboutstrokes.com)
One of the characteristics of apraxia that differentiates it is the fact that it is a disorder of "learned" movement while dyspraxia is a disorder of "new learning. (allaboutstrokes.com)
Simply put, patients with motor apraxia were previously able to perform the action whereas a person with dyspraxia has not performed it. (allaboutstrokes.com)
In general, dyspraxia is a milder form that is most commonly associated with development while motor apraxia is most commonly a result of brain injury. (allaboutstrokes.com)
My younger son Tanner was diagnosed in 1999 with "apraxia or dyspraxia same thing" as his SLP at the time said. (pursuitofresearch.org)

Gait apraxia: The loss of ability to have normal function of the lower limbs such as walking. (wikipedia.org)
In gait apraxia, it becomes impossible for a person to take even a small step. (medlineplus.gov)
Gait apraxia is commonly seen in normal pressure hydrocephalus. (medlineplus.gov)
She suffered from gait apraxia which was a deterioration of the part of the brain that co-ordinated movement, and she would sometimes "freeze" and would have to be prompted by someone to take the next step. (thefreedictionary.com)

Constructional apraxia: The inability to draw or construct simple configurations, such as intersecting shapes. (wikipedia.org)
Constructional apraxia is often caused by lesions of the inferior non-dominant parietal lobe, and can be caused by brain injury, illness, tumor or other condition that can result in a brain lesion. (wikipedia.org)
For example, patients with constructional apraxia may be unable to copy a simple geometric shape despite being able to see and recognize the stimulus, hold and use a pen, and understand the task. (merckmanuals.com)
Also known as constructional apraxia. (thefreedictionary.com)
Constructional apraxia occurs in lesions of the parietal-occipital cortex at the border of the 19th and 39th fields, especially in lesions of the left hemisphere or bilateral foci. (123helpme.org)

What are the types and causes of apraxia? (strokenetwork.org)
Read more about causes of Apraxia . (rightdiagnosis.com)
Other research is looking for genetic causes of apraxia. (askmoms.com)

Apraxia of speech (verbal apraxia) is difficulty initiating and executing voluntary movement patterns necessary to produce speech when there is no paralysis or weakness of speech muscles. (strokeassociation.org)
Oral apraxia, also referred to as nonverbal oral apraxia, is difficulty voluntarily moving the muscles of the lips, throat, soft palate and tongue for purposes other than speech, such as smiling or whistling. (strokeassociation.org)
Apraxia of speech, or difficulty speaking when there is no paralysis or weakness of speech muscles, and Anomia, the characteristic of aphasia that makes it hard to name objects. (tbilaw.com)
It is also possible that a version of Bloodstein's Communication Failure theory of stuttering (1995) may be operating in the child with apraxia, in that the child with apraxia experiences communication failure and talking difficulty. (speechpathology.com)
Apraxia is difficulty forming sounds into words. (healthtap.com)
When Clayton Jones was five years old, he had to deal with verbal apraxia, which involved difficulty with motor skills, causing him to speak only rarely and with difficulty. (mrt.com)
Apraxia of lid opening is a condition in which patients who have otherwise normal eyelids have difficulty opening the eyelids. (parkinsonsresource.org)

People with either form of apraxia of speech may have a number of different speech characteristics, or symptoms. (strokenetwork.org)
A form of apraxia in which the individual fails to represent spatial relations correctly in drawing or construction by other means. (thefreedictionary.com)
At the heart of this form of apraxia, there is the violation of visual-spatial synthesis and spatial representations. (123helpme.org)
One more form of apraxia is kinetic, which is associated with damage to the lower divisions of the premotor area of the cerebral cortex. (123helpme.org)

Not every child show all of the signs and symptoms of apraxia. (nspt4kids.com)
The symptoms of apraxia vary with the type of apraxia a person has. (allaboutstrokes.com)

Nevertheless, this review also highlights the need for further research into how to improve diagnosis of apraxia based on neuropsychological models and to develop new therapeutic strategies. (springer.com)
As some of the neuropsychological tests used for the diagnosis of apraxia (e.g., pantomiming the use of objects and tools) seem to have no direct bearing on the actual affordances of daily life, apraxia is often considered to have little impact on the patients' everyday lives. (springer.com)
Due to this, an official diagnosis of apraxia may not be made right away. (nspt4kids.com)

The prognosis for individuals with apraxia varies, With therapy, some patients improve significantly, while others may show very little improvement. (rightdiagnosis.com)

This notion is supported by the presence of double dissociation-there are aphasic patients without apraxia and apraxic patients with normal language comprehension and production. (jscimedcentral.com)
Individuals with Huntington's disease were evaluated prospectively for the presence of apraxia, and aspects of motor and cognitive function were correlated with apraxic errors. (elsevier.com)

IA has been described under several names such as, agnosia of utilization, conceptual apraxia or loss of knowledge about the use of tools, or semantic amnesia of tool usage. (wikipedia.org)

Ocular motor apraxia type 2 (AOA2) is an autosomal recessively inherited disease caused by mutations in the SETX gene. (neurocular.com)
Ocular motor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) is an autosomal recessively inherited disease caused by mutations in the APTX gene. (neurocular.com)

Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2) is an autosomal recessive disease due to mutations in the senataxin gene, causing progressive cerebellar ataxia with peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar atrophy, occasional oculomotor apraxia and elevated alpha-feto-protein (AFP) serum level. (oup.com)

Overall, the most common pattern of apraxia identified in this PD group was impairment at both pantomime and imitation, suggesting issues with executive function. (uwaterloo.ca)
Apraxia - "…impairment in the ability to accomplished previous learned and performed complex motor activities that is not explained by ataxia, reduced selective motor control, weakness or involuntary motor activity. (pediatriceducation.org)
Apraxia is a neurologically based motor planning impairment that can affect any area of the body including speech, and it's a condition nobody fully understands yet. (pursuitofresearch.org)

An electroencephalogram (EEG) may be used to rule out epilepsy as a cause of the apraxia. (medlineplus.gov)
It is also important to treat the cause of the apraxia. (portsmouthhospital.com)

I asked if this was a normal response she saw in children who have apraxia. (jakes-journey-apraxia.com)

In particular, a short screening test for apraxia, and a more comprehensive diagnostic apraxia test for clinical use are recommended. (springer.com)

Ideo-motor apraxia is characterized by derailments of bodily movement patterns, due to disturbances in the motor planning stages of a well-conceived behavioral act. (encyclopedia.com)

Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia is a condition characterized by problems with movement that worsen over time. (medlineplus.gov)
There are several types of ataxia with oculomotor apraxia, the most common of which are types 1, 2, and 4. (medlineplus.gov)
As in all forms of ataxia with oculomotor apraxia, nearly all people with type 1 develop nerve abnormalities (neuropathy). (medlineplus.gov)
Many individuals with ataxia with oculomotor apraxia require wheelchair assistance, typically 10 to 15 years after the start of movement problems. (medlineplus.gov)
People with some types of ataxia with oculomotor apraxia may have characteristic blood abnormalities. (medlineplus.gov)
Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 usually begins around age 15. (medlineplus.gov)
A key feature of ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 is high amounts of a protein called alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
The effect of abnormally high levels of AFP or CPK in people with ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 is unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
In ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 4, albumin levels can be low, and cholesterol or AFP can be elevated. (medlineplus.gov)
Intelligence is usually not affected by ataxia with oculomotor apraxia, but some people with the condition have intellectual disability. (medlineplus.gov)
Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia is a rare condition. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the APTX , SETX , or PNKP gene cause ataxia with oculomotor apraxia types 1, 2, or 4, respectively. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in another gene cause ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 3. (medlineplus.gov)
Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia in a Mexican Female with a Novel Heterozygous Mutation in the SEXT Gene. (neurology.org)
Our case shows all typical findings of an Ataxia with Oculomotor apraxia type 2 however only one mutation was found by the complete sequencing of the SEXT gene. (neurology.org)
Background: Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) shows early onset with autosomal recessive inheritance and is caused by a mutation in the aprataxin (APTX) gene encoding for the APTX protein. (ac.ir)

Oculomotor Apraxia is related to ataxia-oculomotor apraxia 3 and spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive, with axonal neuropathy 2 , and has symptoms including ophthalmoparesis An important gene associated with Oculomotor Apraxia is ATM (ATM Serine/Threonine Kinase), and among its related pathways/superpathways is DNA Damage . (malacards.org)

By the definition of apraxia , AOS affects volitional (willful or purposeful) movement patterns, however AOS usually also affects automatic speech . (wikipedia.org)
Apraxia by definition cannot be the product of primary motor deficits, weakness, sensory loss, or lack of comprehension, therefore the second objective of the study was to detect apraxia while remaining true to these prerequisites. (uwaterloo.ca)

Although currently only a few randomized controlled studies investigate the efficacy of different apraxia treatments, the gesture training suggested by Smania and colleagues can be recommended for the therapy of apraxia, the effects of which were shown to extend to activities of daily living and to persist for at least 2 months after completion of the training. (springer.com)

People with apraxia can benefit from treatment by a health care team. (medlineplus.gov)
Recognition and treatment of depression is important for people with apraxia. (medlineplus.gov)
Many people with apraxia are no longer able to be independent and may have trouble performing everyday tasks. (medlineplus.gov)
People with apraxia of speech also tend to make inconsistent mistakes when speaking. (strokenetwork.org)
People with apraxia of speech often appear to be groping for the right sound or word, and may try saying a word several times before they say it correctly. (strokenetwork.org)
This study investigated speech planning in people with aphasia, people with apraxia of speech (AOS), and control speakers using a priming task in which participants name pictures in sets that do or do not share form properties. (pitt.edu)

Results and discussion Validation of the 12-item AST with the TULIA showed a remarkable diagnostic reliability with high specificity, sensitivity and positive predictive value, for the presence and severity of apraxia. (bmj.com)

There are no undisputed figures regarding the incidence of apraxia in the general population. (encyclopedia.com)

Typically, patients with apraxia can't perform a particular movement at the request of the examiner, but they might still be able to do it as an automatic or unconcious action if they are provided with sufficient cues, such as might be obtained by using the actual objects or by seeing the examiner performing the movement. (bio.net)
Therefore, patients with apraxia are unlikely to perform activities of daily living well. (medscape.com)
Patients with apraxia perform poorly when demonstrating how an object is used, particularly when pantomiming the action. (frontiersin.org)
Patients with apraxia performed normally on the neutral control condition when grasping the evenly weighted version. (frontiersin.org)
Some patients with Apraxia may even become mute. (aansneurosurgeon.org)
Patients with apraxia find that vowels are easier to produce than consonants. (omicsgroup.org)

Most of us have witnessed the groping behaviors during the motor programming efforts of individuals with apraxia. (speechpathology.com)

To describe the clinical and molecular findings in a 23 year old Mexican patient with ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, dismetry, scandid language, pyramidal signs and axonal and demyelinizating neuropathy with an heterozygous mutation in the SEXT gene. (neurology.org)

It is also possible for apraxia to be caused by lesions in other areas of the brain including the non-dominant (usually right) hemisphere. (wikipedia.org)
Recognition and imitation of pantomimed motor acts after unilateral parietal and premotor lesions: a perspective on apraxia. (talkingbrains.org)
Kinesthetic apraxia occurs in lesions of the parietal lobe, near the postcentral gyrus. (123helpme.org)

Primary objective: Electromagnetic articulography was employed to investigate the strength of articulatory coupling and hence the degree of functional movement independence between individual articulators in apraxia of speech (AOS). (unl.edu)

Diseases24

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology14

Phenomena and Processes4

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science6

Health Care7

Publication Characteristics1

Geographicals1

Pure apraxic agraphia with abnormal writing stroke sequences: report of a Japanese patient with a left superior parietal haemorrhage. (1/188)

Impaired dexterity of the ipsilateral hand after stroke and the relationship to cognitive deficit. (2/188)

Spatial deficits in ideomotor limb apraxia. A kinematic analysis of aiming movements. (3/188)

Dyspraxia in a patient with corticobasal degeneration: the role of visual and tactile inputs to action. (4/188)

Perception of self-generated movement following left parietal lesion. (5/188)

Dark adaptation, motor skills, docosahexaenoic acid, and dyslexia. (6/188)

Portal systemic encephalopathy presenting with dressing and constructional apraxia. (7/188)

Worster-Drought syndrome, a mild tetraplegic perisylvian cerebral palsy. Review of 47 cases. (8/188)

Apraxias

Apraxia, Ideomotor

Gait Apraxia

Speech Disorders

Aphasia

Ocular Motility Disorders

Agraphia

Gestures

Thalamic Diseases

Ataxia

Hypoalbuminemia

Basal Ganglia Diseases

Articulation Disorders

Stereognosis

Gait Ataxia

Cerebellar Ataxia

Speech Production Measurement

Speech Therapy

Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies

Neuropsychological Tests

Higher Nervous Activity

Agnosia

Communication Disorders

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (U.S.)

Encyclopedias as Topic

Encyclopedias

Dictionaries, Medical

Dictionaries as Topic

Rare Diseases

Orphan Drug Production

Prevalence

Syndrome

Research

Treatment Outcome

Bipolar Disorder

Click Chemistry

Questionnaires

Glycosides

Time Factors

Speech

Dysarthria

Speech Perception

Aphasia, Primary Progressive

Confusion

Anomia

Hong Kong

Regional Medical Programs

Hospital Planning

Retrospective Studies

Friedreich Ataxia

Iron-Binding Proteins

Pure apraxic agraphia with abnormal writing stroke sequences: report of a Japanese patient with a left superior parietal haemorrhage. (1/188)

Impaired dexterity of the ipsilateral hand after stroke and the relationship to cognitive deficit. (2/188)

Spatial deficits in ideomotor limb apraxia. A kinematic analysis of aiming movements. (3/188)

Dyspraxia in a patient with corticobasal degeneration: the role of visual and tactile inputs to action. (4/188)

Perception of self-generated movement following left parietal lesion. (5/188)

Dark adaptation, motor skills, docosahexaenoic acid, and dyslexia. (6/188)

Portal systemic encephalopathy presenting with dressing and constructional apraxia. (7/188)

Worster-Drought syndrome, a mild tetraplegic perisylvian cerebral palsy. Review of 47 cases. (8/188)

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