AnatomyChemicals and DrugsPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
Appetitive BehaviorConsummatory BehaviorAppetiteFeeding BehaviorBehavior, AnimalConditioning, OperantConditioning, ClassicalAvoidance LearningReinforcement (Psychology)Mushroom BodiesRewardAssociation LearningBehaviorSocial BehaviorSexual Behavior, AnimalConditioning (Psychology)Health BehaviorMotivationOdorsSucroseAppetite RegulationCuesSmell
Appetitive Behavior
Animal searching behavior. The variable introductory phase of an instinctive behavior pattern or sequence, e.g., looking for food, or sequential courtship patterns prior to mating.
Consummatory Behavior
An act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior pattern or sequence.
Appetite
Natural recurring desire for food. Alterations may be induced by APPETITE DEPRESSANTS or APPETITE STIMULANTS.
Feeding Behavior
Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
Behavior, Animal
The observable response an animal makes to any situation.
Conditioning, Operant
Learning situations in which the sequence responses of the subject are instrumental in producing reinforcement. When the correct response occurs, which involves the selection from among a repertoire of responses, the subject is immediately reinforced.
Conditioning, Classical
Learning that takes place when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Avoidance Learning
A response to a cue that is instrumental in avoiding a noxious experience.
Reinforcement (Psychology)
The strengthening of a conditioned response.
Mushroom Bodies
Prominent lobed neuropils found in ANNELIDA and all ARTHROPODS except crustaceans. They are thought to be involved in olfactory learning and memory.
Reward
An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.
Association Learning
The principle that items experienced together enter into a connection, so that one tends to reinstate the other.
Behavior
The observable response of a man or animal to a situation.
Social Behavior
Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species.
Sexual Behavior, Animal
Sexual activities of animals.
Conditioning (Psychology)
A general term referring to the learning of some particular response.
Health Behavior
Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.
Motivation
Those factors which cause an organism to behave or act in either a goal-seeking or satisfying manner. They may be influenced by physiological drives or by external stimuli.
Odors
The volatile portions of substances perceptible by the sense of smell. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Sucrose
A nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from SUGARCANE, sugar beet (BETA VULGARIS), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener.
Appetite Regulation
Physiologic mechanisms which regulate or control the appetite and food intake.
Cues
Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.
Smell
The ability to detect scents or odors, such as the function of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS.

Extinction of responding maintained by timeout from avoidance. (1/658)

The resistance to extinction of lever pressing maintained by timeout from avoidance was examined. Rats were trained under a concurrent schedule in which responses on one lever postponed shock on a free-operant avoidance (Sidman) schedule (response-shock interval = 30 s) and responses on another lever produced 2 min of signaled timeout from avoidance on a variable-ratio 15 schedule. Following extended training (106 to 363 2-hr sessions), two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1 two different methods of extinction were compared. In one session, all shocks were omitted, and there was some weakening of avoidance but little change in timeout responding. In another session, responding on the timeout lever was ineffective, and under these conditions timeout responding showed rapid extinction. The within-session patterns produced by extinction manipulations were different than the effects of drugs such as morphine, which also reduces timeout responding. In Experiment 2 shock was omitted for many consecutive sessions. Response rates on the avoidance lever declined relatively rapidly, with noticeable reductions within 5 to 10 sessions. Extinction of the timeout lever response was much slower than extinction of avoidance in all 4 rats, and 2 rats continued responding at baseline levels for more than 20 extinction sessions. These results show that lever pressing maintained by negative reinforcement can be highly resistant to extinction. The persistence of responding on the timeout lever after avoidance extinction is not readily explained by current theories.  (+info)

Blocking a selective association in pigeons. (2/658)

Experiment 1 demonstrated for the first time a stimulus-reinforcer interaction in pigeons trained with free-operant multiple schedules of reinforcement. Pigeons that treadle pressed in the presence of a tone-light (TL) compound for food exhibited primarily visual stimulus control on a stimulus-element test, whereas pigeons that avoided shock in TL exhibited auditory control. In Experiment 2, this selective association was blocked in pigeons pretrained with the biologically contingency-disadvantage element of the compound (i.e., tone-food or light-shock) before TL training. When this pretraining preceded compound-stimulus training, control was now auditory in pigeons that treadle pressed for food and was visual in pigeons that avoided shock. Previous attempts at blocking this selective association were unsuccessful in pigeons (LoLordo, Jacobs, & Foree, 1982) but were successful in rats (Schindler & Weiss, 1985). Experiment 2 established that selective associations can be blocked in pigeons when the procedures that were effective with rats were systematically replicated. These results further demonstrate the cross-species generality of an associative attentional mechanism involving a biological constraint on learning in species with different dominant sensory systems.  (+info)

Psychophysics of remembering. (3/658)

We present a new model of remembering in the context of conditional discrimination. For procedures such as delayed matching to sample, the effect of the sample stimuli at the time of remembering is represented by a pair of Thurstonian (normal) distributions of effective stimulus values. The critical assumption of the model is that, based on prior experience, each effective stimulus value is associated with a ratio of reinforcers obtained for previous correct choices of the comparison stimuli. That ratio determines the choice that is made on the basis of the matching law. The standard deviations of the distributions are assumed to increase with increasing retention-interval duration, and the distance between their means is assumed to be a function of other factors that influence overall difficulty of the discrimination. It is a behavioral model in that choice is determined by its reinforcement history. The model predicts that the biasing effects of the reinforcer differential increase with decreasing discriminability and with increasing retention-interval duration. Data from several conditions using a delayed matching-to-sample procedure with pigeons support the predictions.  (+info)

The role of the response-reinforcer relation in delay-of-reinforcement effects. (4/658)

The role of the response-reinforcer relation in maintaining operant behavior under conditions of delayed reinforcement was investigated by using a two-operandum (i.e., two-key) procedure with pigeons. Responding on one key was reinforced under a tandem variable-interval differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior (tandem VI DRO) schedule. The schedule defined a resetting unsignaled delay-of-reinforcement procedure in that a response was required when the interfood interval of the VI schedule lapsed, but further responding during the DRO component on either key reset the time interval. This ensured a fixed delay duration between any response and reinforcement. Responding on another key, physically identical to the first one except for spatial location, otherwise was without consequence. The location of the key correlated with the delay-of-reinforcement procedure varied between sessions according to a semirandom sequence. Differences in response rates between the two keys were greater, with proportionally higher rates on the key correlated with the delay-of-reinforcement procedure, the longer the delay-of-reinforcement procedure remained correlated with the same key. Differences in responding on the two keys also increased within individual sessions. These results suggest that the response-reinforcer relation is the primary determinant of responding when responding is acquired and maintained with delayed reinforcement.  (+info)

Echolocation behaviour and prey-capture success in foraging bats: laboratory and field experiments on Myotis daubentonii. (5/658)

During prey-capture attempts, many echolocating bats emit a 'terminal buzz', when pulse repetition rate is increased and pulse duration and interpulse interval are shortened. The buzz is followed by a silent interval (the post-buzz pause). We investigated whether variation in the structure of the terminal buzz, and the calls and silent periods following it, may provide information about whether the capture attempt was successful and about the size of prey detected - detail that is valuable in studies of habitat use and energetics. We studied the trawling bat Myotis daubentonii. The time between the first call of the approach phase and the end of the terminal phase was not related to prey size in the laboratory. The last portion of the terminal buzz (buzz II) was shortened or omitted during aborted capture attempts. Both in the laboratory and in the field, the mean interpulse interval immediately after the terminal buzz (post-buzz interpulse interval) was longer in successful captures than in unsuccessful attempts. In the laboratory, the post-buzz pause was longer after successful captures than for unsuccessful attempts, and the minimum frequency of the first search-phase call emitted after the buzz (Fmin) was higher than that of the last such call prior to the buzz. These effects were not apparent in field data. Both in the laboratory (85%) and in the field (74%), significant discrimination between successful and unsuccessful capture attempts was possible when the duration of the post-buzz pause, post-buzz interpulse interval and Fmin were entered into a discriminant analysis. Thus, variation in the echolocation calls of bats during prey-capture attempts can reveal substantial information about capture success and prey size.  (+info)

Calibration of vector navigation in desert ants. (6/658)

Desert ants (Cataglyphis sp.) monitor their position relative to the nest using a form of dead reckoning [1] [2] [3] known as path integration (PI) [4]. They do this with a sun compass and an odometer to update an accumulator that records their current position [1]. Ants can use PI to return to the nest [2] [3]. Here, we report that desert ants, like honeybees [5] and hamsters [6], can also use PI to approach a previously visited food source. To navigate to a goal using only PI information, a forager must recall a previous state of the accumulator specifying the goal, and compare it with the accumulator's current state [4]. The comparison - essentially vector subtraction - gives the direction to the goal. This whole process, which we call vector navigation, was found to be calibrated at recognised sites, such as the nest and a familiar feeder, throughout the life of a forager. If a forager was trained around a one-way circuit in which the result of PI on the return route did not match the result on the outward route, calibration caused the ant's trajectories to be misdirected. We propose a model of vector navigation to suggest how calibration could produce such trajectories.  (+info)

The chemical defense ecology of marine unicellular plankton: constraints, mechanisms, and impacts. (7/658)

The activities of unicellular microbes dominate the ecology of the marine environment, but the chemical signals that determine behavioral interactions are poorly known. In particular, chemical signals between microbial predators and prey contribute to food selection or avoidance and to defense, factors that probably affect trophic structure and such large-scale features as algal blooms. Using defense as an example, I consider physical constraints on the transmission of chemical information, and strategies and mechanisms that microbes might use to send chemical signals. Chemical signals in a low Re, viscosity-dominated physical environment are transferred by molecular diffusion and laminar advection, and may be perceived at nanomolar levels or lower. Events that occur on small temporal and physical scales in the "near-field" of prey are likely to play a role in cell-cell interactions. On the basis of cost-benefit optimization and the need for rapid activation, I suggest that microbial defense system strategies might be highly dynamic. These strategies include compartmented and activated reactions, utilizing both pulsed release of dissolved signals and contact-activated signals at the cell surface. Bioluminescence and extrusome discharge are two visible manifestations of rapidly activated microbial defenses that may serve as models for other chemical reactions as yet undetected due to the technical problems of measuring transient chemical gradients around single cells. As an example, I detail an algal dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) cleavage reaction that appears to deter protozoan feeding and explore it as a possible model for a rapidly activated, short-range chemical defense system. Although the exploration of chemical interactions among planktonic microbes is in its infancy, ecological models from macroorganisms provide useful hints of the complexity likely to be found.  (+info)

Olfactory foraging by Antarctic procellariiform seabirds: life at high Reynolds numbers. (8/658)

Antarctic procellariiform seabirds forage over vast stretches of open ocean in search of patchily distributed prey resources. These seabirds are unique in that most species have anatomically well-developed olfactory systems and are thought to have an excellent sense of smell. Results from controlled experiments performed at sea near South Georgia Island in the South Atlantic indicate that different species of procellariiforms are sensitive to a variety of scented compounds associated with their primary prey. These include krill-related odors (pyrazines and trimethylamine) as well as odors more closely associated with phytoplankton (dimethyl sulfide, DMS). Data collected in the context of global climatic regulation suggest that at least one of these odors (DMS) tends to be associated with predictable bathymetry, including upwelling zones and seamounts. Such odor features are not ephemeral but can be present for days or weeks. I suggest that procellariiforms foraging over vast distances may be able to recognize these features reflected in the olfactory landscape over the ocean. On the large scale, such features may aid seabirds in navigation or in locating profitable foraging grounds. Once in a profitable foraging area, procellariiforms may use olfactory cues on a small scale to assist them in locating prey patches.  (+info)

Appetitive Behaviour, Consummatory Act, and the Hierarchical Organisation of Behaviour- With Special Reference To the Great Tit...Appetitive Behaviour, Consummatory Act, and the Hierarchical Organisation of Behaviour- With Special Reference To the Great Tit...
1. Appetitive behaviour and consummatory act differ only in degree, and no absolute distinction can be made between them. In particular, both share the characteristic of
http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/156853953x00113
Frontiers | Updating appetitive memory during reconsolidation window: critical role of cue-directed behavior and amygdala...Frontiers | Updating appetitive memory during reconsolidation window: critical role of cue-directed behavior and amygdala...
When presented with a light cue followed by food, some rats simply approach the foodcup (Nonorienters), while others first orient to the light in addition to displaying the food-cup approach behavior (Orienters). Cue-directed orienting may reflect enhanced attentional and/or emotional processing of the cue, suggesting divergent natures of cue-information processing in Orienters and Nonorienters. The current studies investigate how differences in cue processing might manifest in appetitive memory retrieval and updating using a paradigm developed to persistently attenuate fear responses (Retrieval-extinction paradigm; Monfils et al., 2009). First, we examined whether the retrieval-extinction paradigm could attenuate appetitive responses in Orienters and Nonorienters. Next, we investigated if the appetitive memory could be updated using reversal learning (fear conditioning) during the reconsolidation window (as opposed to repeated unreinforced trials, i.e., extinction). Both extinction and new fear
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00186/full
Most recent papers with the keyword Heart rate variability and health | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword Heart rate variability and health | Read by QxMD
Obesity is a major public health problem in modern society. Appetitive behavior has been proposed to be partially driven by unconscious decision-making processes and thus, targeting the unconscious cognitive processes related to eating behavior is essential to develop strategies for overweight individuals and obese patients. Here, we presented food pictures below the threshold of awareness to healthy male volunteers and examined neural activity related to appetitive behavior using magnetoencephalography. We found that, among participants who did not recognize food pictures during the experiment, an index of heart rate variability assessed by electrocardiography (low-frequency component power/high-frequency component power ratio, LF/HF) just after picture presentation was increased compared with that just before presentation, and the increase in LF/HF was negatively associated with the score for cognitive restraint of food intake ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/95119
Galanin, through GalR1 but not GalR2 receptors, decreases motivation at times of high appetitive behavior. | Sigma-AldrichGalanin, through GalR1 but not GalR2 receptors, decreases motivation at times of high appetitive behavior. | Sigma-Aldrich
Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Maria E Anderson, Johan Runesson, Indrek Saar, Ulo Langel, John K Robinson].
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/23142608
Plus itPlus it
This study provides genetic evidence that MMP-9 is required for appetitive, but not aversive, instrumental learning. Furthermore, it shows that MMP-9 activity in the CeA is crucial for this type of learning. First, we demonstrate that unconditional genetic ablation of MMP-9 impairs three kinds of appetitively motivated conditioning (i.e., place preference and discriminative learning in the IntelliCages both with sweetened water and tap water as the reinforcement). On the other hand, lack of MMP-9 does not impair place avoidance and aversively motivated discrimination in the same apparatus. Next, we show that MMP-9 is present in the amygdala and enzymatically active at the excitatory synapses in the CeA; moreover, its activity is greatly enhanced in the CeA specifically after the appetitive training. Finally, by blocking extracellular MMP-9 activity by nanoparticle-based release of its inhibitor, recombinant TIMP-1, we reveal that local MMP-9 activity in the CeA is crucial for the appetitive, but ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/33/36/14591
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Galanin, through GalR1 but not GalR2 receptors, decreases motivation at times of high appetitive behaviorGalanin, through GalR1 but not GalR2 receptors, decreases motivation at times of high appetitive behavior
Galanin is a 29/30-amino acid long neuropeptide that has been implicated in many physiological and behavioral functions. Previous research has shown that i.c.v. administration of galanin strongly stimulates food intake in sated rats when food is freely available, but fails to stimulate this consumption when an operant response requirement is present. Using fixed ratio (FR) schedules, we sought to further clarify galanins role in motivated behavior by administering galanin i.c.v. to rats working on fixed ratio schedules requiring either a low work condition (FR1) or higher work conditions (FR , 1) to obtain a 0.2% saccharin reward. Rats in the FR , 1 group were assigned to either an FR3, FR5 or FR7 schedule of reinforcement. The rate of reinforcement decreased for only the FR , 1 group as compared to saline controls. Furthermore, injections of GalR1 receptor agonist M617 led to a similar, marginally significant decrease in the number of reinforcers received in the FR , 1 condition, but a ...
http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:610722
Substantial similarity in amygdala neuronal activity during conditioned appetitive and aversive emotional arousal | PNASSubstantial similarity in amygdala neuronal activity during conditioned appetitive and aversive emotional arousal | PNAS
In this study, we demonstrate striking similarities in the activity of amygdala neurons during conditioned appetitive and aversive emotional arousal and strong relationships between neuronal activity in the amygdala and blood pressure-a measure of arousal which is sensitive to lesions of the amygdala in both appetitive (24) and aversive (21, 22) settings. Cells with increases in activity during one CS+ were more likely than would be expected by chance to show the same response to the other oppositely valenced CS+, and the same was true of CS− elicited decreases. Neuronal activity was also more similar than expected by chance during the appetitive and aversive conditioned stimuli when the activity of all recorded cells was considered together. Additionally, the activity of neurons with similar directions of change in firing during conditioned appetitive and aversive stimuli (same cells) was more likely to be correlated with blood pressure than the rest of the population. Same cells were also ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/106/35/15031
OpenAIRE | DAT genotype modulates striatal processing and lonOpenAIRE | DAT genotype modulates striatal processing and lon
Previous studies have shown that appetitive motivation enhances episodic memory formation via a network including the substantia nigra / ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), striatum and hippocampus. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study now contrasted the impact of aversive and appetitive motivation on episodic long-term memory. Cue pictures predicted monetary reward or punishment in alternating experimental blocks. One day later, episodic memory for the cue pictures was tested. We also investigated how the neural processing of appetitive and aversive motivation and episodic memory were modulated by dopaminergic mechanisms. To that end, participants were selected on the basis of their genotype for a variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism of the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene. The resulting groups were carefully matched for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene. Recognition memory for cues from both motivational categories was enhanced in participants
https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=dedup_wf_001::2107c1f5b24e7eb3c668f0557969729c
Sugar Intake Elicits Intelligent Searching Behavior in Flies and Honey BeesSugar Intake Elicits Intelligent Searching Behavior in Flies and Honey Bees
We present a comparison of the sugar-elicited search behavior in |i|Drosophila melanogaster|/i| and |i|Apis mellifera|/i|. In both species, intake of sugar-water elicits a complex of searching responses. The most obvious response was an increase in turning frequency. However, we also found that flie …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30546299/?dopt=Abstract
Online Article Searching on Publisher Platforms by STM French ScholarsOnline Article Searching on Publisher Platforms by STM French Scholars
This article seeks to understand the e-journal search patterns of STM (science, technology, and medicine) researchers from the French academic network by studying how researchers seek, read, and use articles on the ScienceDirect platform. The methodology combines two approaches. The first approach is quantitative and is based on statistical data concerning search activities on ScienceDirect between January 2008 and April 2009. The second approach is qualitative and is based on semi-directed interviews of researchers authorized to access ScienceDirect. The researchers information-seeking activities on ScienceDirect follow two complementary usage logics. On the one hand, they follow search and discovery itineraries, and, on the other hand, they implement continuous and recurrent access mechanisms. In both cases, the researchers searching behaviours on ScienceDirect are similar to their behaviours on the Web. This study concerns a previously unpublished large-scale analysis of STM searching behaviours.
https://archivesic.ccsd.cnrs.fr/sic_00737298
Language: English / Date Published: 2015 / Subject: Consumer behavior--Psychological aspects and Searching behavior | Search...Language: English / Date Published: 2015 / Subject: Consumer behavior--Psychological aspects and Searching behavior | Search...
Academic Commons provides global access to research and scholarship produced at Columbia University, Barnard College, Teachers College, Union Theological Seminary and Jewish Theological Seminary. Academic Commons is managed by the Columbia University Libraries ...
https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/search?f%5Blanguage_ssim%5D%5B%5D=English&f%5Bpub_date_isi%5D%5B%5D=2015&f%5Bsubject_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Consumer+behavior--Psychological+aspects&f%5Bsubject_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Searching+behavior&per_page=50&sort=Published+Latest
Plus itPlus it
The single training session appetitive LTM assay provides a unique advantage for the study of memory consolidation because one can manipulate the brain immediately after training during the initial period of memory formation. In contrast, 10 cycles of aversive spaced training takes 150 min to complete (Tully et al., 1994), and therefore one cannot perturb neural processing during this period without also interfering with acquisition. Using cold-shock anesthesia, we found that appetitive memory is quickly, and perhaps entirely, consolidated to anesthesia-resistant forms within 2 h after training.. Previous work in flies suggests that cold shock-resistant memory can be broken into two independent components, ARM that depends on the rsh gene and is resistant to CXM and LTM that is unaffected by rsh and is sensitive to CXM (Tully et al., 1994; Isabel et al., 2004). Feeding flies CXM disrupted appetitive LTM and produced a statistically significant defect 6 h after training, suggesting that protein ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/28/12/3103
Alarm pheromone | Biology OpenAlarm pheromone | Biology Open
Summary: Alarms serve to focus attention and prioritize individual concerns. In honey bees, social alarm impairs appetitive learning. Here, we show that the effect on aversive learning depends on social role and signal intensity. ...
http://bio.biologists.org/keyword/alarm-pheromone
A quantitative interresponse-time analysis of DRL performance...A quantitative interresponse-time analysis of DRL performance...
A quantitative interresponse-time analysis of DRL performance differentiates similar effects of the antidepressant desipramine and the novel anxiolytic gepirone
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/quantitative-interresponse-time-analysis-drl-performance-differentiates-similar-effects-antidepressant-desipramine-nove-8e30326c
Plant Structure - bozemansciencePlant Structure - bozemanscience
Paul Andersen explains the major plants structures. He starts with a brief discussion of monocot and dicot plants. He then describes the three main tissues in plants; dermal, ground and vascular. He also describes the plant cells within each of these tissues; epidermis, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerencyma, xylem and phloem.. Plant Structure Worksheet - Leya Joykutty ...
http://www.bozemanscience.com/plant-structure
SparkNotes: Plant Structures: LeafSparkNotes: Plant Structures: Leaf
A summary of Leaf in s Plant Structures. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of Plant Structures and what it means. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans.
http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/plants/plantstructures/section4.rhtml
PLANT STRUCTURE FABRICATION - PLANT STRUCTURE FABRICATION Exporter, Manufacturer, Distributor, Supplier, Trading Company,...PLANT STRUCTURE FABRICATION - PLANT STRUCTURE FABRICATION Exporter, Manufacturer, Distributor, Supplier, Trading Company,...
JK ENGG. CO. - Exporter, Manufacturer, Distributor, Supplier, Trading Company of PLANT STRUCTURE FABRICATION based in Sonipat, India
http://www.jkenggco.com/plant-structure-fabrication-3456943.html
Ebook Plant Structure A Colour Guide 2008
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Wikimedia Commons includes effects participated to ebook plant structure a colour Schyns. do up change in Wiktionary, the Startling research. Cambridge University Press.
http://lfotographic.com/bilder/galerie/die-schoepfung/pdf.php?q=ebook-plant-structure-a-colour-guide-2008/
The basics of plant structures - GloucesterThe basics of plant structures - Gloucester
This title provides a strong introduction to plant biology, clearly explaining how plants structures enable them to make food, grow, survive challenging environments, and reproduce ...
http://gloucester.noblenet.org/eg/opac/record/3504478?locg=18
crushing plants structure
crushing plants structure_Portable crushing plants, Portable crusher sanmecrusher products mobilecrusher ppmobilecrusher html SANME PP Series Portable Crushing Plants include portable jaw crusher, portable cone crushe
http://www.humanistfellowship.org/crushing-plants-structure/
All living things must carry out certain functions and possess certainAll living things must carry out certain functions and possess certain
All living things must carry out certain functions and possess certain structures to survive, grow, and reproduce. The following chart illustrates how humans possess certain structures to carry out these critical functions. Fill in the plant structures that correspond to the human structures listed in the chart ...
https://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1401737791
JAIRO | The Analysis of Visual Feedback on Odor-source Searching Behavior of Male Silkworm Moth from the Activity of Neck Motor...
The Analysis of Visual Feedback on Odor-source Searching Behavior of Male Silkworm Moth from the Activity of Neck Motor NeuronsThe Analysis of Visual Feedback on Odor-source Searching Behavior of Male Silkworm Moth from the Activity of Neck Motor Neurons ...
http://jairo.nii.ac.jp/0083/00241049/en
Author: Reinholtz, Nicholas Stephen / Academic Unit: Business / Type: Theses / Language: English / Subject: Searching behavior...Author: Reinholtz, Nicholas Stephen / Academic Unit: Business / Type: Theses / Language: English / Subject: Searching behavior...
You searched for: Author Reinholtz, Nicholas Stephen Remove constraint Author: Reinholtz, Nicholas Stephen Academic Unit Business Remove constraint Academic Unit: Business Type Theses Remove constraint Type: Theses Language English Remove constraint Language: English Subject Searching behavior Remove constraint Subject: Searching behavior Subject Psychology, Experimental Remove constraint Subject: Psychology, Experimental ...
https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/search?f%5Bauthor_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Reinholtz%2C+Nicholas+Stephen&f%5Bdepartment_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Business&f%5Bgenre_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Theses&f%5Blanguage_ssim%5D%5B%5D=English&f%5Bsubject_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Searching+behavior&f%5Bsubject_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Psychology%2C+Experimental&per_page=10&sort=Published+Latest
The hypothalamus and the neurobiology of drug seeking<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The hypothalamus and the neurobiology of drug seeking. AU - Marchant, Nathan J.. AU - Zayra Millan, E.. AU - McNally, Gavan P.. PY - 2012/2/1. Y1 - 2012/2/1. N2 - The hypothalamus is a neural structure critical for expression of motivated behaviours that ensure survival of the individual and the species. It is a heterogeneous structure, generally recognised to have four distinct regions in the rostrocaudal axis (preoptic, supraoptic, tuberal and mammillary). The tuberal hypothalamus in particular has been implicated in the neural control of appetitive motivation, including feeding and drug seeking. Here we review the role of the tuberal hypothalamus in appetitive motivation. First, we review evidence that different regions of the hypothalamus exert opposing control over feeding. We then review evidence that a similar bi-directional regulation characterises hypothalamic contributions to drug seeking and reward seeking. Lateral regions of the dorsal tuberal hypothalamus are ...
https://research.vumc.nl/en/publications/the-hypothalamus-and-the-neurobiology-of-drug-seeking
Food searching behaviour of a Lepidoptera pest species is modulated by the foraging gene polymorphism | Journal of Experimental...Food searching behaviour of a Lepidoptera pest species is modulated by the foraging gene polymorphism | Journal of Experimental...
Two strains homozygous for Snfor, SnForGly/Gly and SnForSer/Ser, were each initiated from 15 homozygote founder couples taken from the laboratory-reared polymorphic population and genotyped after reproduction. For the whole-body analysis, 30 fourth-instar larvae per strain were tested. For the brain analysis, 64 fourth-instar larvae per strain were tested. In this condition, the brains (deutocerebrum) were pooled in groups of eight (i.e. eight replicates for each population). The live larvae were retrieved from the artificial diet at the fourth-instar stadium, a stage usually reached during behavioural testing protocol, and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C until RNA extraction.. Total RNA was extracted from whole larvae using TRI Reagent (Sigma-Aldrich). The brains were dissected in the RA1 buffer and total RNA was extracted using the NucleoSpin RNA XS kit (Macherey Nagel). In both conditions, a DNase treatment (DNase I recombinant, Roche) was also performed. The ...
https://jeb.biologists.org/content/217/19/3465
Learning Affordances of Consummatory Behaviors: Motivation-Driven Adaptive Perception | Lola Cañameros Emotion Modeling Pages
This article introduces a formalization of the dynamics between sensorimotor interaction and homeostasis, integrated in a single architecture to learn object affordances of consummatory behaviors. We also describe the principles necessary to learn grounded knowledge in the context of an agent and its surrounding environment, which we use to investigate the constraints imposed by the agents internal dynamics and the environment. This is tested with an embodied, situated robot, in a simulated environment, yielding results that support this formalization. Furthermore, we show that this methodology allows learned affordances to be dynamically redefined, depending on object similarity, resource availability, and the rhythms of the agents internal physiology. For example, if a resource becomes increasingly scarce, the value assigned by the agent to its related effect increases accordingly, encouraging a more active behavioral strategy to maintain physiological stability. Experimental results also ...
http://emotion-modeling.info/node/118
Animal Behaviour Key When Selecting Feeding Systems for Group Housed Sows | The Pig SiteAnimal Behaviour Key When Selecting Feeding Systems for Group Housed Sows | The Pig Site
For the sows themselves two behaviors that theyre very strongly motivated to do are things we need to consider.. The first one is they are very strongly motivated to feed.. Its an evolutionary necessity for animals and its still in our modern sows.. We feed them levels which are perfectly adequate for good health and good performance but from the sows point of view theyre not very satisfying.. Theyre used to actually having bulkier diets and more gut fill and a small amount of concentrated food will leave them unsatisfied.. In that situation two things can happen.. If they can show a normal type of food searching behavior, as they can for example in straw systems in the UK, then theyll spend time doing that.. If you put them in a situation where they cant show those behaviors then you start to see more problems.. If theyre in gestation stalls those behaviors turn into things like the bar biting which has been highlighted so much by animal welfare organizations.. If theyre in group ...
https://www.thepigsite.com/news/2013/11/animal-behaviour-key-when-selecting-feeding-systems-for-group-housed-sows-1
Ebook Plant Structure: A Colour Guide 2008
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BIO 4 Plant Structure and Development.BIO 4 Plant Structure and Development.
In order to appreciate the unique role that plants play in the worlds ecosystems, it is important to understand plant structure and development. This sequence allows students to consider plants from the molecular and cellular level to the tissue and organ level. It illustrates how evolutionary forces have resulted in exquisite adaptations in plant form and function.. 1. BIO/MBI 116 Biological Concepts: Structure, Function (4) (MPF), ...
https://miamioh.edu/academics/bulletin/archives/2013-2014/bio-4-plant-structure-and-development.htm
C-Bus DIN Rail Mounted, Changeover Relay, 4 Channel, 8 Modules, 250VC-Bus DIN Rail Mounted, Changeover Relay, 4 Channel, 8 Modules, 250V
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OG-Science - Ch 23 Plant Structure & Function - History
Contributions to http://og-science.wikispaces.com/ are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 3.0 License. ...
http://og-science.wikispaces.com/page/history/Ch+23+Plant+Structure+%26+Function?responseToken=0f1990101b82a23fd63111c2129901c8
A Constant Struggle to Survive: Learning from the Structure of...A Constant Struggle to Survive: Learning from the Structure of...
Throughout his career, Prof. Craig Brodersen has explored the fundamental relationships between plant structure and function, and how different species have adapted to utilize limited resources.
https://environment.yale.edu/news/article/craig-brodersen-professor-plant-physiological-ecology/
Activity of defined mushroom body output neurons underlies learned olfactory behavior in Drosophila. - Oxford Neuroscience
During olfactory learning in fruit flies, dopaminergic neurons assign value to odor representations in the mushroom body Kenyon cells. Here we identify a class of downstream glutamatergic mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) called M4/6, or MBON-β2β2a, MBON-β2mp, and MBON-γ5β2a, whose dendritic fields overlap with dopaminergic neuron projections in the tips of the β, β, and γ lobes. This anatomy and their odor tuning suggests that M4/6 neurons pool odor-driven Kenyon cell synaptic outputs. Like that of mushroom body neurons, M4/6 output is required for expression of appetitive and aversive memory performance. Moreover, appetitive and aversive olfactory conditioning bidirectionally alters the relative odor-drive of M4β neurons (MBON-β2mp). Direct block of M4/6 neurons in naive flies mimics appetitive conditioning, being sufficient to convert odor-driven avoidance into approach, while optogenetically activating these neurons induces avoidance behavior. We therefore propose that drive to
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/517695
Role of ?-MSH in the Regulation of Consummatory Behavior: Immunohistochemical Evidence :: Bethel - Faculty Scholarship
Olszewski, P. K., Wirth, M. M., Shaw, T. J., Grace, M. K., Billington, C. J., Giraudo, S. Q., & Levine, A. S. (2001). Role of ?-MSH in the regulation of consummatory behavior: Immunohistochemical evidence. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 281(2 50-2), R673-R680 ...
http://content.clic.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p16120coll37/id/623/
Brain areas involved in aversive conditioning and/or ex | Open-iBrain areas involved in aversive conditioning and/or ex | Open-i
Brain areas involved in aversive conditioning and/or extinction.Different brain areas (with at least unilateral activation during aversive conditioning and/or e
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC2692002_pone.0005865.g002&req=4
China TG56SW Series Changeover Switch (Protection Raing IP56) - China Switch, Changeover SwitchChina TG56SW Series Changeover Switch (Protection Raing IP56) - China Switch, Changeover Switch
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Effects of fruit and vegetable, consumed in solid vs beverage forms, on acute and chronic appetitive responses in lean and...
Background:The effects of fruits and vegetables in solid vs beverage forms on human appetite and food intake, acutely and chronically, are unclear.Methods:This 21-week, randomized, crossover study assessed appetitive ratings following the inclusion o
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Effects-fruit-vegetable-consumed-in/23164702.html
Appetitive AggressionAppetitive Aggression
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https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/handle/123456789/41293
Modulation of attention and action in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats. - Intelquo, Inc.
The article below may contain offensive and/or incorrect content.. Theories of functioning in the medial prefrontal cortex are distinct across appetitively and aversively motivated procedures. In the appetitive domain, it is argued that the medial prefrontal cortex is important for producing adaptive behavior when circumstances change. This view advocates a role for this region in using higher-order information to bias performance appropriate to that circumstance. Conversely, literature born out of aversive studies has led to the theory that the prelimbic region of the medial prefrontal cortex is necessary for the expression of conditioned fear, whereas the infralimbic region is necessary for a decrease in responding following extinction. Here, the argument is that these regions are primed to increase or decrease fear responses and that this tendency is gated by subcortical inputs. However, we believe the data from aversive studies can be explained by a supraordinate role for the medial ...
https://intelquo.com/2018/10/07/modulation-of-attention-and-action-in-the-medial-prefrontal-cortex-of-rats/
Shelly Flagel | UM Neuroscience Graduate ProgramShelly Flagel | UM Neuroscience Graduate Program
PhD, University of Michgian Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute We are a behavioral neuroscience lab focused on understanding both the behavioral and neurobiological factors that contribute to individual differences in reward learning and susceptibility to addiction. We are interested in the psychological mechanisms that underlie and influence appetitive Pavlovian learning and the neural circuitry involved in these processes.
http://neuroscience.med.umich.edu/directory/faculty/shelly-flagel
Tim Shearon, PhD | The College of IdahoTim Shearon, PhD | The College of Idaho
I began my academic career with one central idea- I wanted to teach at a small liberal arts college! I trained, under several gifted and brilliant professors, at the University of Georgia. My first forays into research involved investigating the relationship of schedules of reinforcement and their unintended consequences on appetitive behaviors- specifically as mediated in the hypothalamus. At the same time I was involved in research with children and their behavior toward peers.. I am excited to be teaching a variety of courses in biological psychology, neuropsychology, and psychopharmacology in addition to supporting the departments core through teaching General Psychology and Introduction to Psychological Science as time allows.. Currently my research interests are undergoing a refocusing (there is a pun in there for I am using a TOBII eye-tracking device!). I am guiding students as I learn to utilize eye-tracking technology to investigate web-usability and to examine various ways that ...
https://www.collegeofidaho.edu/academics/departments-and-programs/psychology/directory/tim-shearon-phd
Zomato Buys Ubers Food Delivery Business Uber Eats In India For $350 MillionZomato Buys Ubers Food Delivery Business Uber Eats In India For $350 Million
Food delivery startup Zomato said today that it has agreed to buy Uber Technologies Incs Indian food delivery business in an all-stock deal, which will give Uber a 10 per cent stake in Zomato, a food delivery company backed by Alibabas Ant Financial.
https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/zomato-buys-ubers-food-delivery-business-uber-eats-in-india-for-350-million-report-2167154
Food Delivery Web App Development Company & Services | Food Delivery Web App DevelopmentFood Delivery Web App Development Company & Services | Food Delivery Web App Development
Being a Top Food Delivery Web App Development Company, our team of top web and app developers provide top notch Food Delivery Web App Development Services.
https://nextbigtechnology.com/food-delivery-web-app-development/
How to Start a Food Delivery Business from Home with SpotnEatsHow to Start a Food Delivery Business from Home with SpotnEats
More and more people are drawn towards afternoon meal delivery subscriptions in later days to get the food mainly for its convenience. Today, with the help of the online food delivery service, we are able to get food at any time with just a tap on the smartphone. know more on : food delivery app development ...
https://writeupcafe.com/community/how-to-start-a-food-delivery-business-from-home-with-spotneats/?snax_login_popup
Automatic change-over notification for a receiver - Patent # 3944930 - PatentGenius
Circuits for use with a receiver which notify the operator of a receiving station by means of an audio tone when an opposite station is calling or has ceased transmission. The transition of an opposite station from its transmitting to receiving state or vice versa is detected and a specific change-over sound based upon the detector output is introduced into the principal stations receiver audio amplifier circuits.
http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/3944930.html
Semi - Automatic Changeover Manifold With 1/4 NPT Thread For LaboratorySemi - Automatic Changeover Manifold With 1/4 NPT Thread For Laboratory
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Studyguide For An Introduction To Plant Structure And Development Plant Anatomy For The Twenty First Century By Beck Charles B I
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PBIO 1150 - Plant Structure and Development - Acalog ACMS™PBIO 1150 - Plant Structure and Development - Acalog ACMS™
Ohio University undergraduate and graduate catalogs include admissions information, programs offered, academic policies, and course descriptions.
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Plant structure and transport - Revision Notes in A Level and IB BiologyPlant structure and transport - Revision Notes in A Level and IB Biology
Copyright Get Revising 2018 all rights reserved. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. 806 8067 22 Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE ...
https://getrevising.co.uk/revision-notes/plant_structure_and_transport
Searcher Behavior Research UpdateSearcher Behavior Research Update
Chris Sherman is the moderator of this session. He introduces this as a unique panel, compared to the others. Recently, he said, we have real metrics on search behavior. That is the whole focus of this panel. Gord Hotchkiss is up...
https://www.seroundtable.com/archives/003710.html
TV & Web Archives - SemKraftTV & Web Archives - SemKraft
Google Trends lets you delve into the human search behaviour (using Google off course!) on the internet circa 2004. Can TV mold opinions? Can TV ads directly impact online behaviour? Well here is some startling proof of that! It starts with an episode (Joy to the World Season 5, episode 11) of House the wildly… Read More ». ...
https://semkraft.com/category/tv-web/
Tesco Hotspot Promo Changeover - eXPD8Tesco Hotspot Promo Changeover - eXPD8
We are proud to represent these great brands: Tesco, W7, Collection, Barry M, Maybelline, LOreal, Rimmel, Max Factor, Sally Hansen, Revlon. Hotspots must be changed over (completed) on Wednesday and we locate POS sent into store, check previous promo POS is removed, remove it if necessary, and setup new POS. If colleagues do not locate the POS, they must aim to locate on subsequent visit - if not located by first visit of 2nd week (reasonable timeframe to maximise compliance), the advice is to use OneHome to locate. Entry and exit photos are required and we internally feedback any issues and discrepancies i.e. missing elements or misprints in POS ...
https://www.expd8.co.uk/projects/tesco-cosmetics-hotspot-promotional-changeover/
PlantPromoterDB promoter information of AT2G30330.1PlantPromoterDB promoter information of AT2G30330.1
GCN5L1 family protein; FUNCTIONS IN: molecular_function unknown; INVOLVED IN: biological_process unknown; LOCATED IN: cellular_component unknown; EXPRESSED IN: 22 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: GCN5-like 1 (InterPro:IPR009395); Has 143 Blast hits to 143 proteins in 64 species: Archae - 0; Bacteria - 0; Metazoa - 100; Fungi - 4; Plants - 26; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 13 (source: NCBI BLink ...
http://ppdb.agr.gifu-u.ac.jp/ppdb/cgi-bin/display.cgi?organism=At&gene=AT2G30330.1
Food Delivery - Weekly Pay - Shreveport jobsFood Delivery - Weekly Pay - Shreveport jobs
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Food Delivery - Weekly Pay - Mount Vernon jobsFood Delivery - Weekly Pay - Mount Vernon jobs
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Food Delivery - Weekly Pay - Greeley jobsFood Delivery - Weekly Pay - Greeley jobs
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Food Delivery - Weekly Pay - Asheville jobsFood Delivery - Weekly Pay - Asheville jobs
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Food Delivery - Weekly Pay - Asheville jobsFood Delivery - Weekly Pay - Asheville jobs
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Food Delivery - Weekly Pay - Yuma jobsFood Delivery - Weekly Pay - Yuma jobs
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PHOENIX CONTACT | Monitoring relay - EMD-SL-C-OC-10 - 2866019PHOENIX CONTACT | Monitoring relay - EMD-SL-C-OC-10 - 2866019
Monitoring relay for monitoring 1-phase currents of 0…10 A AC/DC, overcurrent, supply voltage can be selected via power module, 1 changeover contact
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Spontaneous recoverySpontaneous recovery
Ricker, S.T.; Bouton, M.E. (1996). "Reacquisition following extinction in appetitive conditioning". Animal Learning & Behavior ... Such a recovery of "lost" behaviors can be observed within a variety of domains, and the recovery of lost human memories is ... In a study which tested the spontaneous recovery of appetitive responding of rats, normal control rats responded more to a CS ... Pavlov named this anticipatory behavior the "conditioned" response or, more exactly, the "conditional" response. He and his ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_recovery
Hedonic hungerHedonic hunger
Keen-Rhinehart, E; Ondek, K; Schneider, JE (Nov 15, 2013). "Neuroendocrine regulation of appetitive ingestive behavior". ... Thus, the positive-incentive perspective suggests that eating is similar to sexual behavior: humans engage in sexual behavior, ... To assess this, a Power of Food Scale (PFS) has been developed that quantifies a person's appetitive anticipation (not ... Lowe, MR; Butryn, ML (Jul 24, 2007). "Hedonic hunger: a new dimension of appetite?". Physiology & Behavior. 91 (4): 432-9. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedonic_hunger
Proboscis extension reflexProboscis extension reflex
Bee learning and communication Animal behavior Braun and Bicker. 1992. Habituation of an Appetitive Reflex in the Honeybee. ... The proboscis extension reflex is part of an insect's feeding behavior. When the antenna is stimulated by sugar water, the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proboscis_extension_reflex
Melanocyte-inhibiting factorMelanocyte-inhibiting factor
Stratton LO, Kastin AJ (1975). "Increased acquisition of a complex appetitive task after MSH and MIF". Pharmacology ... Behavior. 83 (3): 475-81. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.08.034. PMID 15581670. S2CID 42596717. Chiu S, Mishra RK (January 1979). " ... Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 21 (6): 975-8. doi:10.1016/S0091-3057(84)80083-0. PMID 6151672. S2CID 21761862. Galina ... Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 16 (2): 229-33. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(82)90153-8. PMID 6122214. S2CID 44601791. Chiu P ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte-inhibiting_factor
Howard Fields (neuroscientist)Howard Fields (neuroscientist)
"Ventral Tegmental Area Neurons in Learned Appetitive Behavior and Positive Reinforcement". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 30 (1 ... Cortico-Accumbens Regulation of Approach-Avoidance Behavior Is Modified by Experience and Chronic Pain. Cell Rep. 2017 05 23; ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Fields_(neuroscientist)
Aplysia punctataAplysia punctata
"Pheromones linked to sexual behaviors excite the appetitive phase of feeding behavior of Aplysia fasciata II. Excitation of C- ... PR, a neuron involved in the generation of appetitive behaviors". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 182 (6): 785-791. doi: ... During warmer months, behavior is dominated by reproduction and feeding, with little time spent crawling or remaining sedentary ... This chemosensatory action assists in the localization of food and in sexual behavior. Amino acids are observed to be an ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplysia_punctata
DesireDesire
Rewards induce approach behavior, also called appetitive or preparatory behavior, and consummatory behavior. ... Thus any ... Operant behavior gives a good definition for rewards. Anything that makes an individual come back for more is a positive ... Desires can be occurrent even if they do not influence our behavior. This is the case, for example, if the agent has a ... They are either conscious or at least have unconscious effects, for example, on the subject's reasoning or behavior. Desires we ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desire
Motivational salienceMotivational salience
Rewards induce approach behavior, also called appetitive or preparatory behavior, and consummatory behavior. ... Thus any ... Reward is the attractive and motivational property of a stimulus that induces appetitive behavior - also known as approach ... Operant behavior gives a good definition for rewards. Anything that makes an individual come back for more is a positive ... Motivational salience is a cognitive process and a form of attention that motivates or propels an individual's behavior towards ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivational_salience
Sexually dimorphic nucleusSexually dimorphic nucleus
In rats, lesions to mPOA can eliminate the male copulatory behavior but can only diminish appetitive behavior, which suggests ... However, appetitive behaviors are disrupted by the lesions in rostral part rather than caudal part of medial preoptic area. ... Male sexual behaviors can be divided into two phases: the appetitive phase, which contains highly variable sequence of ... Appetitive behaviors are also partly controlled by medial preoptic area as aromatase-knockout mice show deficits in sexual ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_dimorphic_nucleus
Preoptic areaPreoptic area
In females, studies have examined the influence of the mPOA on precopulatory and appetitive behaviors. Precopulatory behaviors ... Appetitive behaviors of female rats - including hops, darts, and solicitations - have been linked to dopamine (DA) transmission ... it has been shown that infusions of ascorbic acid into the mPOA increases appetitive behaviors compared to controls. In male ... "Infusions of ascorbic acid into the medial preoptic area facilitate appetitive sexual behavior in the female rat". Physiology ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preoptic_area
Pavlovian-instrumental transferPavlovian-instrumental transfer
Geurts DE, Huys QJ, den Ouden HE, Cools R (September 2013). "Aversive Pavlovian control of instrumental behavior in humans" ( ... Cartoni E, Balleine B, Baldassarre G (2016). "Appetitive Pavlovian-instrumental Transfer: A review" (PDF). Neuroscience and ... For example, presentation of a Pavlovian CS paired with food can increase output of food-reinforced instrumental behaviors, ... it promotes approach behavior). General PIT occurs when a CS is paired with one reward and it enhances an operant response that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavlovian-instrumental_transfer
Addictive behaviorAddictive behavior
In the first stage, one has the ability to control appetitive motivational tendencies, but they do not have the motivation to ... An addictive behavior is a behavior, or a stimulus related to a behavior (e.g., sex or food), that is both rewarding and ... There are a lot of types of therapy that can help people address the addictive behaviors which they want to alter. An ... The other view is from the moral standpoint which regards addictive behavior as an intentional choice was freely made by the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addictive_behavior
Daniela SchillerDaniela Schiller
"Updating appetitive memory during reconsolidation window: critical role of cue-directed behavior and amygdala central nucleus ... Long lasting effects of disrupted reconsolidation on brain and behavior in human long-term fear". Behavioural Brain Research. ... allowing for memory modification and for the adaptive adjustment of emotional and social behavior. Schiller's research ... "Disrupting Reconsolidation Attenuates Long-Term Fear Memory in the Human Amygdala and Facilitates Approach Behavior". Current ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniela_Schiller
Intermittent fastingIntermittent fasting
... in poultry appears to increase food consumption but reduce appetitive behaviors such as foraging. ... Eating behaviors of humans, Fad diets, Fasting). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_fasting
Social facilitation in animalsSocial facilitation in animals
Social facilitation acts more on the appetitive than the consummatory phase of feeding behavior in domestic fowl. Animal ... It has been phrased as "The energizing of dominant behaviors by the presence of others." Social facilitation occurs in a wide ... Some preliminary evidence of the social facilitation of mounting behavior in a juvenile bull Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_facilitation_in_animals
Reinforcement sensitivity theoryReinforcement sensitivity theory
Proposed to facilitate reactions to all appetitive/rewarding stimuli and regulates approach behavior. Behavioral inhibition ... BAS regulates approach behaviors and is referred to as the reward system. In general, individuals with a more active BAS tend ... BIS regulates avoidance behaviors and is often referred to as the punishment system. Individuals with more active BIS may be ... 2001). "Human defensive behaviors to threat scenarios show parallels to fear- and anxiety-related defense patterns of no-human ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_sensitivity_theory
ChocoholicChocoholic
A Central Construct in Food Intake Behavior, Weight Loss, and the Neurobiology of Appetitive Behavior". In Handbook of Behavior ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Chocolate, Eating behaviors of humans, 1960s neologisms, ... Food and drink culture, Human behavior, Behavioral addiction, 1968 neologisms, Controversies). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocoholic
Kate WassumKate Wassum
... neural circuits underlying appetitive associative learning the circuit dynamics that give rise to diverse motivated behaviors. ... Capturing Habitualness of Drinking and Smoking Behavior in Humans. Ray L, Han D,Grodin E, Bujarski S, Meredith L, Ho D, Neto S ... Wassum has since begun to explore the regulation of learning and behavior at the epigenetic level to understand how histone ... In her postdoctoral work, Wassum studied dopamine dynamics in reward-driven behaviors. In 2012, Wassum found that phasic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Wassum
TestosteroneTestosterone
... a continuous increase in vaginal sexual arousal may result in higher genital sensations and sexual appetitive behaviors. When ... Wilson JD (September 2001). "Androgens, androgen receptors, and male gender role behavior". Review. Hormones and Behavior. 40 ( ... Behavior: Dominance challenges can, in some cases, stimulate increased testosterone release in men. Drugs: Natural or man-made ... 15% less). No immediate short term effects on mood or behavior were found from the administration of supraphysiologic doses of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone
ReinforcementReinforcement
Rewards induce approach behavior, also called appetitive or preparatory behavior, and consummatory behavior. ... Thus any ... This behavior trap may simply be a social situation that will generally result from a specific behavior once it has met a ... The behavior can be influenced by the consequence but behavior also needs antecedents. There are four types of reinforcement: ... Rewarding stimuli, which are associated with "wanting" and "liking" (desire and pleasure, respectively) and appetitive behavior ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement
Begging in animalsBegging in animals
In this swaying behavior, larvae raise their head and neck, and gently reach and wave towards workers or food items. Hungry ... These proposals include: Boredom arising from a lack of stimulation and opportunity to engage in the appetitive component of ... Begging behavior in some penguins is unusual among birds in that under some circumstances, it involves the chick chasing the ... Begging behavior in mongooses is unusual in that it is cooperative. Escorts are influenced by the total signal emanating from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begging_in_animals
PTSD treatment in South AfricaPTSD treatment in South Africa
... substance abuse and appetitive aggression and its relation to criminal activity among high-risk males in South Africa". ... AIDS and Behavior. 22 (3): 1039-1052. doi:10.1007/s10461-017-2013-1. PMC 5828984. PMID 29270789. Choi, Karmel W.; Sikkema, ... Addictive Behaviors. 64: 29-34. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.008. PMC 5102240. PMID 27540760. Padmanabhanunni, Anita (December ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTSD_treatment_in_South_Africa
Reward systemReward system
Rewards induce approach behavior, also called appetitive or preparatory behavior, sexual behavior, and consummatory behavior ... or desire component of reward include appetitive behavior, approach behavior, preparatory behavior, instrumental behavior, ... Learned behaviors may or may not be sensitive to the value of the outcomes they lead to; behaviors that are sensitive to the ... Sexual behavior is highly rewarding (Tenk et al., 2009), and sexual experience causes sensitized drug-related behaviors, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reward_system
William TimberlakeWilliam Timberlake
Behaviour Systems Theory Timberlake, W. (1983). The functional organization of appetitive behavior: Behavior systems and ... The animal behavior programme was among the world's first academic entities to issue degrees specifically in animal behavior. ... "Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior". Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior. Thompson, N. S. ( ... "Motivational Modes in Behavior Systems". Handbook of Contemporary Learning Theories. 2000. pp. 165-220. doi:10.4324/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timberlake
Classical conditioningClassical conditioning
ISBN 978-3-540-19432-3. wiki book on Animal behavior Chance P (2008). Learning and Behavior. Belmont/CA: Wadsworth. ISBN 978-0- ... Cartoni E, Balleine B, Baldassarre G (December 2016). "Appetitive Pavlovian-instrumental Transfer: A review". Neuroscience and ... Schmidt RF (1989). "Behavior Memory (Learning by Conditioning)". In Schmidt RF, Thews G (eds.). Human Physiology. Translated by ... McGee DL (2006). "Behavior Modification". Wellness.com, Inc. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 14 February ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_conditioning
Crate trainingCrate training
Lindsay, Steven R. (2005). "2: House Training, Destructive Behavior, and Appetitive Problems: Part 5: Crate training + 9: ... Part of proper crate or cage training requires that the pet owner observe calm and relaxed behavior around the crate. The pet ... Steven Lindsay in Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training states that while "the role of crate confinement in the ... Crating suppresses the dog's behavior, removes the dog's freedom of movement and is a negative punishment (removal of reward) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crate_training
Meaghan CreedMeaghan Creed
... aversive or appetitive behaviors, when it plays a role in both. Their findings set up the anatomical and molecular background ... Creed and her team looked at the role of the GABAergic VP neurons in appetitive and aversive behavior. They first explored ... More than a reward molecule: The role of dopamine in aversively motivated behavior. 1713: 62-69. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.10 ... In the context of cocaine addiction, drug-adaptive behavior is driven by remodelling of the brain's reward circuitry, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaghan_Creed
Lawrence W. BarsalouLawrence W. Barsalou
... and thus led to a decrease in appetitive behavior. Barsalou has also used this grounded approach to examine the maintenance of ... According to this network, eating behavior is mediated by a ventral reward pathway and a dorsal control pathway. In line with a ... Chen, Papies & Barsalou (2016) suggest that all eating behavior may be modelled in relation to one another within a common ... 2014) found that mindfulness could broadly modulate the link between motivation and behavior. Assuming a grounded approach, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_W._Barsalou
Wallace CraigWallace Craig
When the appeted stimulus is at length received it stimulates a consummatory reaction, after which the appetitive behavior ... Behavior of the young bird in breaking out of the egg. Journal of Animal Behavior, 2, 296-298. 1913a. The stimulation and the ... appetitive and aversive behavior. None of these letters has been located to date. Together with Craig's published work, in ... and how vocal as well as social behaviors are organized. He encouraged a view of behavior as an integrated process with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Craig
CuriosityCuriosity
... -driven behavior is often defined as behavior through which knowledge is gained, and should therefore encompass all ... Like other desires and need states that take on an appetitive quality (e.g. food), curiosity is linked with exploratory ... Curiosity as a behavior and emotion is attributed over millennia as the driving force behind not only human development, but ... The term curiosity can also be used to denote the behavior or emotion of being curious, in regard to the desire to gain ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity
Free willFree will
... the position holding that all behavior is caused by prior behavior. "Predeterminism" is the position holding that all behavior ... Free will enters as follows: Free will is an "appetitive power", that is, not a cognitive power of intellect (the term " ... Responsibility does not require that behavior be uncaused, as long as behavior responds to praise and blame. Moreover, it is ... Are behaviors, judgments, and other higher mental processes the product of free conscious choices, as influenced by internal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_will
Generative anthropologyGenerative anthropology
The power of appetitive mimesis in conjunction with the threat of violence is such that the central object begins to assume a ... Imitation is an adaptive learning behavior, a form of intelligence favored by natural selection. Imitation, however, as René ... the central appetitive object. The violence of the sparagmos is mediated by the sign and thus directed towards the central ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_anthropology
Republic (Plato)Republic (Plato)
Their challenge begins and propels the dialogues; in answering the challenge, of the "charge", Socrates reveals his behavior ... and appetitive parts of the soul, corresponding to the rulers, auxiliaries, and producing classes in the city. Having ... since proper education ensures lawful behavior, and poor education causes lawlessness (425a-425c). Socrates proceeds to search ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_(Plato)
Mushroom bodiesMushroom bodies
In contrast, an appetitive stimulation created by an octopamine application increases PKA in all lobes. In the rut mutant, a ... Recent work also shows evidence for the involvement of the mushroom body in innate olfactory behaviors through interactions ... is also able to combine information from the internal state of the body and the olfactory input to determine innate behavior. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_bodies
Neural DarwinismNeural Darwinism
... "appetitive, consumatory, and defensive behavior"; The other system is the highly reentrant thalamocortical system, consisting ... An account of how selection influences behavior - and, how behavior influences selection. An account of how behavior is enabled ... He identifies four necessary requirements: An account of the effects of heredity on behavior - and behavior, on heredity. ... The third part attempts to build a temporally coherent model of globally unitary cognitive function and behavior that emerges ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_Darwinism
MotivationMotivation
... only previous instances of reinforcement of that behavior (in the same or similar situations) do. Through the behavior-altering ... Furthermore, depletion or inhibition of dopamine in neurons of the nucleus accumbens decreases appetitive but not consummatory ... who did not complete training using the validated Behavior Inhibitory System/Behavior Approach System. They concluded based on ... The feeding behavior of flies, on the other hand, is not flexible in this sense. On this view, we are justified to ascribe ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation
Metabolic syndromeMetabolic syndrome
Behavior. 93 (4-5): 671-86. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.012. PMC 3681125. PMID 18155257. The etiology of many appetitive ... Endocannabinoid-system hyperactivity through CB1 receptor transmission is considered contributory to a range of appetitive ... sedentary behavior or low physical activity, disrupted chronobiology/sleep, mood disorders/psychotropic medication use, and ... those who carried out these behaviors for greater than four hours daily have a twofold increased risk of metabolic syndrome. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome
Martin HeisenbergMartin Heisenberg
Learning & Memory 5, (1998) M. Heisenberg: Voluntariness (Willkürfähigkeit) and the general organization of behavior. In: ... Dopamine and octopamine differentiate between aversive and appetitive olfactory memories in Drosophila. J Neurosci 23, 10495- ... The beauty of the network in the brain and the origin of the mind in the control of behavior. J Neurogenet 28, 389-99 (2014) M ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heisenberg
Miguel Rolando CovianMiguel Rolando Covian
... and of appetitive behavior, i.e., the behavior which permit animals to seek and to ingest particular foodstuffs or diet ... He also studied the role of the limbic system (particularly the septal area) on many behaviors and functions, such as the ... He was active in the editorial boards of several international scientific journals, such as "Physiology & Behavior" and the ... control of blood pressure, the neuroendocrine regulation of reproductive behavior, etc. Covian was also a humanist, deeply ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Rolando_Covian
AphidAphid
In this respect, the probing behavior of an aphid tasting a host is more damaging than lengthy aphid feeding and reproduction ... Dispersal can be by walking or flight, appetitive dispersal, or by migration. Winged aphids are weak fliers, lose their wings ... Journal of Insect Behavior. 5 (4): 447-457. doi:10.1007/BF01058190. S2CID 25298742. Lenhart, Paul A.; Jackson, Kelly A.; White ... "Aphid alarm pheromone produced by transgenic plants affects aphid and parasitoid behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphid
AppetiteAppetite
... has a relationship with every individual's behavior. Appetitive behaviour also known as approach behaviour, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appetite
Traumatic memoriesTraumatic memories
Additionally, the release also serves to stimulate the amygdala which plays a key role in generating fear behaviors. Memory ... effect of beta-adrenergic receptor antagonism in basolateral amygdala on reconsolidation of aversive and appetitive memories ... If symptoms of apathy, feeling of inability to control impulsive behavior, sleeplessness or irritability persist the person can ... Behavior Therapy. 20 (2): 245-260. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80072-3. Onyut L.P.; et al. (2005). "Narrative exposure therapy as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatic_memories
Biological basis of personalityBiological basis of personality
Animal models of behavior, molecular biology, and brain imaging techniques have provided some insight into human personality, ... "Neuroticism and extraversion moderate neural responses and effective connectivity during appetitive conditioning". Human Brain ... The significance of Gray's work and theories was his use of biology to define behavior, which stimulated a lot of subsequent ... Personality can be defined as a set of characteristics or traits that drive individual differences in human behavior. From a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_basis_of_personality
Superior colliculusSuperior colliculus
Cohen, J. D.; Castro-Alamancos, M. A. (23 June 2010). "Neural Correlates of Active Avoidance Behavior in Superior Colliculus". ... "The tectonigral pathway regulates appetitive locomotion in predatory hunting in mice". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 4409. doi ... Roeser, Tobias (2003). "Visuomotor Behaviors in Larval Zebrafish after GFP-Guided Laser Ablation of the Optic Tectum". Journal ... The superior colliculus in rodents have been hypothesized to mediate sensory-guided approach and avoidance behaviors. Studies ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_colliculus
Spontaneously hypertensive ratSpontaneously hypertensive rat
Dommett EJ, Rostron CL (February 2013). "Appetitive and consummative responding for liquid sucrose in the spontaneously ... and Behavior. 124: 196-203. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2014.06.001. PMID 24933335. S2CID 23214561. Turner M, Wilding E, Cassidy E, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneously_hypertensive_rat
CocaineCocaine
Aggressive behavior may be displayed by both addicts and casual users. Cocaine can induce psychosis characterized by paranoia, ... thereby increasing ghrelin-mediated signaling of satiety and possibly via other effects on appetitive hormones. Chronic users ... Frank DA, Augustyn M, Knight WG, Pell T, Zuckerman B (March 2001). "Growth, development, and behavior in early childhood ... Aggression and Violent Behavior. 8 (2): 155-174. doi:10.1016/S1359-1789(01)00057-X. Pergolizzi JV, Magnusson P, LeQuang JA, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine
ChemoreceptorChemoreceptor
Contact chemoreception is more commonly seen in insects but is also involved in the mating behavior of some vertebrates. The ... These chemical compounds can either trigger an appetitive response for nutrients, or a defensive response against toxins ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemoreceptor
International Affective Picture SystemInternational Affective Picture System
Bradley, M. M.; Codispoti, M.; Cuthbert, B. N.; Lang, P. J. (2001). "Emotion and motivation I: defensive and appetitive ... Behavior Research Methods. 40 (2): 512-521. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.2.512. PMID 18522062. Lasaitis, C; Ribeiro, R. L.; Bueno, O. F. ... Behavior Research Methods. 43 (2): 468-477. doi:10.3758/s13428-011-0064-1. PMID 21431997. Kim, Hanjoo; Lu, Xin; Costa, Michael ... Behavior Research Methods. 49 (4): 1407-1419. doi:10.3758/s13428-016-0797-y. PMC 5541104. PMID 27613018. Crone, Damien L.; Bode ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Affective_Picture_System
Antonello BonciAntonello Bonci
Neural estimates of imagined outcomes in the orbitofrontal cortex drive behavior and learning. Neuron. 2013 Oct 16;80(2):507-18 ... Pontomesencephalic Tegmental Afferents to VTA Non-dopamine Neurons Are Necessary for Appetitive Pavlovian Learning. Cell Rep. ... Circuit specificity in the inhibitory architecture of the VTA regulates cocaine-induced behavior. Nat Neurosci. 2017 Jan 23. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonello_Bonci
Id, ego and super-egoId, ego and super-ego
Ego defense mechanisms are often used by the ego when id behavior conflicts with reality and either society's morals, norms, ... and appetitive parts Psychology of self - Study of the representation of one's identity Reason - Capacity for consciously ... Lapsley, Daniel K.; Paul C., Stey (2012). "Id, Ego, and Superego" (PDF). Encyclopedia of Human Behavior. pp. 393-399. doi: ... Carlson, N. R. (1999-2000) "Personality", Psychology: The Science of Behavior (Canadian ed.), p. 453. Scarborough, Ontario: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id,_ego_and_super-ego
Punishment (psychology)Punishment (psychology)
A behavior may be dependent on a stimulus or dependent on a response. The purpose of punishment is to reduce a behavior, and ... appetitive stimulus is removed (as in the removal of a feeding dish). As with reinforcement, it is not usually necessary to ... One major problem with a time delay between a behavior and a punishment is that other behaviors may present during that time ... The targeted behaviors were self-injurious behaviors such as head banging, motor, stereotypy, aggression, emesis, or breaking ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment_(psychology)
Periaqueductal grayPeriaqueductal gray
It also plays a role in female copulatory behavior (see lordosis behavior) via a pathway from the ventromedial nucleus of the ... Silva, Carlos; McNaughton, Neil (2019-02-17). "Are periaqueductal grey and dorsal raphe the foundation of appetitive and ... The PAG may be specifically involved in human maternal behavior. The PAG contains a high density of vasopressin and oxytocin ... Dorsal PAG neurons are activated during various defensive behaviors. Stimulation of the dorsal and lateral aspects of the PAG ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_gray
Neural Mechanisms for Appetitive Responses to High Reward Foods - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.govNeural Mechanisms for Appetitive Responses to High Reward Foods - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov
... study is aimed at understanding neuroendocrine responses to different types of sugars and how this influences feeding behavior ... Neural Mechanisms for Appetitive Responses to High Reward Foods Official Title Neural Mechanisms for Appetitive Responses to ... Neural Mechanisms for Appetitive Responses to High Reward Foods. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the ... on brain and appetitive response. The investigators propose a random-order crossover design to determine the effects of caloric ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02945475
Reciprocal Inhibitory Interactions Between the Reward-Related Effects of Leptin and Cocaine | NeuropsychopharmacologyReciprocal Inhibitory Interactions Between the Reward-Related Effects of Leptin and Cocaine | Neuropsychopharmacology
The effects of a GLP-1 analog liraglutide on reward value and the learned inhibition of appetitive behavior in male and female ... Involvement of the ghrelin system in the maintenance and reinstatement of cocaine-motivated behaviors: a role of adrenergic ... Involvement of the ghrelin system in the maintenance and reinstatement of cocaine-motivated behaviors: a role of adrenergic ... a behavior that is significantly prolonged by conditioned reinforcers (Mote and Finger, 1942). Conditioned reinforcers-reward- ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/npp2015230?error=cookies_not_supported&code=9b9ad3a3-db70-41a0-b132-f6374fac7701
Fiala, André, Prof. Dr. - Molecular Neurobiology of Behaviour (Uni-Bio) - Georg-August-Universität GöttingenFiala, André, Prof. Dr. - Molecular Neurobiology of Behaviour (Uni-Bio) - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
SIFamide Translates Hunger Signals into Appetitive and Feeding Behavior in Drosophila.. Cell Rep 20: 464-478. ... Professor of Molecular Neurobiology of Behavior. *2008 Professor of Molecular Neurobiology of Behavior, University of Göttingen ... We study neuronal mechanisms underlying olfaction, learning and memory, and goal-directed behavior using the model organism ... and how these circuits contribute to organizing behavior. In addition, molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory ...
https://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/96474.html
Laura Been | Haverford CollegeLaura Been | Haverford College
Hormones and Behavior, 59(4): 536-548.. *Been, L.E. and Petrulis, A. (2010). The role of the medial preoptic area in appetitive ... Genes, Brain, and Behavior, 12(6): 666-72.. *Been, L.E. and Petrulis, A. (2012). Dissociated functional pathways for appetitive ... In my lab, we primarily study reproductive behaviors. I am interested in several aspects of reproductive behavior--including ... Hormones and Behavior, 61(2): 204-211.. *Been, L.E., Bauman, J.B., Petrulis, A. and Chang, Y.H. (2012). X-ray kinematics of ...
https://www.haverford.edu/users/lbeen
Plus itPlus it
1980) The effect of contingency upon the appetitive conditioning of free-operant behavior. J Exp Anal Behav 34:297-304, doi: ... Monkeys behavior. Both monkeys quickly changed their behavior after the first context switch. In Monkey 1, the R/NR difference ... 2012) Two cortical systems for memory-guided behavior. Nat Rev Neurosci 13:713-726, doi:10.1038/nrn3338, pmid:22992647. ... Monkeys behavior. After the monkey had experienced the cue-outcome contingency for 35 d (in Monkey 1) or 27 d (in Monkey 2), ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/35/10/4350
Overexpectation in appetitive pavlovian and instrumental conditioning - Fingerprint - Oregon Health & Science UniversityOverexpectation in appetitive pavlovian and instrumental conditioning - Fingerprint - Oregon Health & Science University
Dive into the research topics of Overexpectation in appetitive pavlovian and instrumental conditioning. Together they form a ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/overexpectation-in-appetitive-pavlovian-and-instrumental-conditio-2/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically
Dopamine Release in the Medial Preoptic Area is Related to Hormonal Action and Sexual Motivation<...
keywords = "Appetitive behavior, Birds, In vivo microdialysis, Male sexual behavior, Testosterone",. author = "Kleitz-Nelson, { ... precopulatory exposure to a female and to the expression of both appetitive and consummatory aspects of male sexual behavior ... precopulatory exposure to a female and to the expression of both appetitive and consummatory aspects of male sexual behavior ... precopulatory exposure to a female and to the expression of both appetitive and consummatory aspects of male sexual behavior ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/dopamine-release-in-the-medial-preoptic-area-is-related-to-hormon-4
Mitarbeiter | Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften
Meemken, M.-T.; Horstmann, A.: Appetitive Pavlovian-to-Instumental Transfer with taste stimulation in humans with and without ... 25th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior (SSIB), Montréal, QC, Canada (2017) ... Meemken, M.-T.; Horstmann, A.: Appetitive pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in participants with normal-weight and obesity. ... Meemken, M.-T.: Implicit and explicit appetitive outcome-learning in obesity. Dissertation, University of Leipzig (2020) ...
https://www.cbs.mpg.de/publication-search/903217?person=%2Fpersons%2Fresource%2Fpersons144891
Pleurobranchaea - Scholarpedia
... thereby promoting appetitive behavior. 5 HT levels in major serotonergic neurons of the feeding network rise and fall inversely ... Thus, isolated CNS retain elements in their fictive behavior that conserve behavior of the intact donors, likely influenced by ... Observations of feeding behavior for P. maculata (novazealandae) , P. brockii, P. bubala and P. meckelii indicate that ... and for deciding on appropriate behavior. Such observations join others to indicate that the behaviors of P. californica and ...
http://scholarpedia.org/article/Pleurobranchaea
Why Labeling Behaviors as 'Impulse Control' Problems is NOT a Good Idea | Animal Behavior Associates
... an appetitive urge or craving state prior to engagement in the problematic behavior; and (4) a hedonic quality experienced ... Applying a "fancy" label to a behavior doesnt convey a greater and more in depth understanding of the behavior. Its instead ... Do those sound like pathological behaviors? Not to us. They are normal, common behaviors dogs who havent been trained show, ... Why Labeling Behaviors as "Impulse Control" Problems is NOT a Good Idea. Suzanne & Dan0 Comments ...
https://animalbehaviorassociates.com/impulse-control-problems-not-a-good-idea/
View source for Ghrelin - wikidocView source for Ghrelin - wikidoc
... appetitive hormones and ingestive behavior , journal = Physiology & Behavior , volume = 136 , issue = , pages = 121-27 , date ... These mice did not exhibit depression-like behaviors when injected with a commonly prescribed antidepressant, suggesting that ... feeding behavior, and sleep-wake patterns in rats ,journal=Endocrinology ,volume=143 ,issue=4 ,pages=1353-61 ,year=2002 ,pmid= ... behaviors including increased sniffing, foraging for food, and hoarding food. Body weight is regulated through energy balance, ...
https://wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Ghrelin&action=edit
Health Researchers - Centre for Healthier Lives - Newcastle UniversityHealth Researchers - Centre for Healthier Lives - Newcastle University
Evolution and Human Behavior 2013, 34(1), 35-40. * Morgan KV, Hurly TA, Bateson M, Asher L, Healy SD. Context-dependent ... Measuring Motivation for Appetitive Behaviour: Food-Restricted Broiler Breeder Chickens Cross a Water Barrier to Forage in an ... Evolution & Human Behavior 2014, 35(2), 133-139. * Dixon LM, Brocklehurst S, Sandilands V, Bateson M, Tolkamp BJ, DEath RB. ... Evolution and Human Behavior 2011, 32(3), 172-178. * Brydges NM, Leach M, Nicol K, Wright R, Bateson M. Environmental ...
https://www.ncl.ac.uk/healthier-lives/people/profile/melissabateson.html
Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience - Projects - Paris-Lodron-University SalzburgCentre for Cognitive Neuroscience - Projects - Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg
Mapping neural mechanisms of appetitive behavior. Blechert, J.. 15/09/19 → 14/09/23 ...
https://uni-salzburg.elsevierpure.com/en/organisations/centre-for-cognitive-neuroscience/projects/
Frontiers | Brain Responses to Food Odors Associated With BMI Change at 2-Year Follow-UpFrontiers | Brain Responses to Food Odors Associated With BMI Change at 2-Year Follow-Up
External appetitive food cues are important drivers for eating behavior, with higher food cue reactivity and food craving ... Appetitive food odors are powerful food stimuli that can trigger dopaminergic brain responses, and increase the motivation to ... Boesveldt, S., and de Graaf, K. (2017). The differential role of smell and taste for eating behavior. Perception 46, 307-319. ... Giuliani, N. R., Merchant, J. S., Cosme, D., and Berkman, E. T. (2018). Neural predictors of eating behavior and dietary change ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2020.574148/full
Search resultsSearch results
Prefrontal cortical BDNF: A regulatory key in cocaine- and food-reinforced behaviors Elizabeth G. Pitts, Jane R. Taylor, ... From early childhood, humans show an intriguing willingness to imitate behaviors, even those that have no obvious function. ... ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR (1) * APPETITIVE (1) * APPLICATION (1) * AQUINAS (1) * ASSOCIATION (1) * ATOMIC MASSES (1) ...
https://www.infona.pl/search/simple?searchPhrase=keyword%3A%22Instrumental%22&searchConf=resource&localeQueryString=searchPhrase%3Dkeyword%3A%2522Instrumental%2522
Motivation<...Motivation<...
Journal Article 2004; 25(4): 235-251 PubMed PMID: 15361811 Citation Keywords: Behavior, Addictive:physiopathology, Culture, ... Biology has linked eating to appetitive motivational processes with their underlying neurophysiology, including CNS reward ... Pleasure can serve cognition, productivity and health, but simultaneously promotes addiction and other negative behaviors, i.e ... Natural rewarding activities are necessary for survival and appetitive motivation, usually governing beneficial biological ...
https://www.nel.edu/journal/search/?keywords=Motivation
Event Detail - Association for Behavior Analysis InternationalEvent Detail - Association for Behavior Analysis International
... based on an appetitive automated Go / No-Go task. The test session consisted of 16 forced-choice trials and 16 free-choice ... Each behavior was not extinguished before the next behavior was taught. When these four behaviors were put on extinction, they ... Each behavior was extinguished before the next behavior was taught. When all four behaviors were put on extinction, they ... Differences in resurgence between previously reinforced behavior and previously reinforced and extinguished behavior. ...
https://www.abainternational.org/events/program-details/event-detail.aspx?&sid=67008&by=Area
Potential Effects of Rift Valley Fever in the United States - Volume 17, Number 8-August 2011 - Emerging Infectious Diseases...
... affects appetitive behavior), and the presence of breeding habitat (population presence/absence). Remote sensing of related ... In addition, human behavior in response to public health agency guidance may not be easy to manage. During the West Nile virus ... Because mosquito behavior varies from species to species and across regions, different control strategies may be appropriate in ... In addition to exposure to infected mosquitoes and (potentially) other biting insect vectors, cattle exhibit behavior such as ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/8/10-1088_article
Opposite Consequences of Tonic and Phasic Increases in Accumbal Dopamine on Alcohol-Seeking BehaviorOpposite Consequences of Tonic and Phasic Increases in Accumbal Dopamine on Alcohol-Seeking Behavior
... component of alcohol-drinking behavior. We show that appetitive reward-seeking behavior in rats trained to self-administer ... Opposite Consequences of Tonic and Phasic Increases in Accumbal Dopamine on Alcohol-Seeking Behavior iScience. 2020 Mar 27;23(3 ... whereas tonic patterns of stimulation inhibit this behavior. Moreover, we provide mechanistic evidence that tonic-phasic ... the opportunity to explore the causal role of alterations in neurotransmission within circuits involved in addictive behaviors ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32062422/
Orexin-B-SAP ReferencesOrexin-B-SAP References
Other male rats were deprived of water for 48 h and presented with an empty water bottle to induce appetitive behavior. The ... To test if in different appetitive behaviors also these histaminergic neurons become active first, we studied changes in Fos-ir ... To evaluate the importance of the histaminergic neurons in the appetitive phase of these motivated behavior, we lesioned ... Early activation of the tuberomammillary nucleus is a common factor in appetitive behaviors in rats ...
https://atsbio.com/references/refs-it20/
Valuation and decision-making in frontal cortex: one or many serial or parallel systems? - Department of Experimental Psychology
Animals, Appetitive Behavior, Choice Behavior, Decision Making, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Models, Psychological, Reward ...
https://www.psy.ox.ac.uk/publications/328989?012d26c2-6d69-11ed-a55b-061ab7f93640
Neurotree - Sherri Lee JonesNeurotree - Sherri Lee Jones
2019) Aromatization Is Not Required for the Facilitation of Appetitive Sexual Behaviors in Ovariectomized Rats Treated With ... 2017) Facilitation of sexual behavior in ovariectomized rats by estradiol and testosterone: A preclinical model of androgen ... Larger Amygdala Volume Mediates the Association Between Prenatal Maternal Stress and Higher Levels of Externalizing Behaviors: ...
https://neurotree.org/neurotree/peopleinfo.php?pid=12083
Purinergic Regulation of Food and Fat Intakes in Broiler's Central Nervous System
NAcc plays a central role in both appetitive goal-seeking and consummatory behaviors for food or drugs of abuse. Injections of ... To the authors knowledge, it is the first study on the role of adenosine signaling in the regulation of behaviors in avian ... Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 97(2), 262-266. [DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2010.08.008] [PMID] ... The mentioned studies show that the central adenosine may control feeding behavior (Honda et al., 2017). ...
https://journals.ut.ac.ir/article_82775.html
Unanticipated Stressful and Rewarding Experiences Engage the Same Prefrontal Cortex and Ventral Tegmental Area Neuronal...Unanticipated Stressful and Rewarding Experiences Engage the Same Prefrontal Cortex and Ventral Tegmental Area Neuronal...
Bissonette GB, Gentry RN, Padmala S, Pessoa L, Roesch MR (2014) Impact of appetitive and aversive outcomes on brain responses: ... Cognition and Behavior. *. The generic inhibitory function of corollary discharge in motor intention: evidence from the ... Kim Y, Wood J, Moghaddam B (2012) Coordinated activity of ventral tegmental neurons adapts to appetitive and aversive learning ... Gentry RN, Schuweiler DR, Roesch MR (2019) Dopamine signals related to appetitive and aversive events in paradigms that ...
https://www.eneuro.org/content/7/3/ENEURO.0029-20.2020?utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=eNeuro_TrendMD_1
Can Allopurinol and naproxen be taken together # Canada Drugstore
Task behavior Grouped trial-by-trial behavior is critical for everyday decision-making and has been implicated in restricted, ... A time of change: behavioral and neural correlates of adolescent sensitivity to appetitive and aversive environmental cues. ... Win-stay and lose-shift behaviors index the effect of age for win-staying (D) and lose-shifting (E) but not perseverative ... Win-stay and lose-shift behaviors index the effect of age for win-staying (D) and lose-shifting (E) but not perseverative ...
http://www.natuurlijkvoormensendier.nl/can-allopurinol-and-naproxen-be-taken-together/
Associative learning in larval and adult Drosophila is impaired by the dopamine-synthesis inhibitor 3-Iodo-L-tyrosine | Biology...Associative learning in larval and adult Drosophila is impaired by the dopamine-synthesis inhibitor 3-Iodo-L-tyrosine | Biology...
Larval behavior. Odor-fructose associative learning. Experiments for appetitive odor-fructose associative memory (Saumweber et ... Adult behavior. Odor-PPL1-γ1pedc associative learning. For the memory assays, we followed the procedures described in König et ... Three aspects of behavior were analyzed: the run speed was determined as the average speed (mm/s) of the larval midpoint during ... For larval behavior experiments, we used third instar, feeding-stage wild-type Canton Special larvae of either sex, aged 4 or 5 ...
https://journals.biologists.com/bio/article/10/6/bio058198/269081/Associative-learning-in-larval-and-adult
Neural Coding of a Appetitive Food Experiences in the Amygdala - Fingerprint - Augusta University Research Profiles
Neural Coding of a Appetitive Food Experiences in the Amygdala. Jun Liu, Cheng Lyu, Meng Li, Tianming Liu, Sen Song, Joseph ... Dive into the research topics of Neural Coding of a Appetitive Food Experiences in the Amygdala. Together they form a unique ...
https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/neural-coding-of-a-appetitive-food-experiences-in-the-amygdala/fingerprints/
PEPSIC - pepsic.bvsalud.orgPEPSIC - pepsic.bvsalud.org
Addictive Behaviors, 36, 18 26. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.002. Links para:* CrossRef ... Van Hemel-Ruiter, M., de Jong, P. & Wiers, R. (2011). Appetitive and regulatory processes in young adolescent drinkers. ...
http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3026652&pid=S0254-9247201700020001100114&lng=pt
ConsummatoryRatsAversive or appetitiveFeeding BehaviorCues in adolescentsGoal-directed behaviorMotivationAddictive behaviorsArousalObesityPhysiology and BehaviorHormonesResponsesMechanismsDefensiveStimulusAdolescentNeuralAvoidantSexual behaviorParental feeding pNeuronsClassicallySalienceBiologicalInhibitionContextsTraitsReproductiveAvoidanceHomeostaticCircuitsMediateQuestionnaireGenesComplexPredictBrainIncreasesStimulationAlterationsFoodResearchInfluencesRewardControlMaleState
Consummatory7
  • Dissociated functional pathways for appetitive and consummatory reproductive behaviors in male Syrian hamsters. (haverford.edu)
  • The role of the medial preoptic area in appetitive and consummatory reproductive behaviors depends on sexual experience and odor volatility in male Syrian hamsters. (haverford.edu)
  • Using these techniques in the present experiment, the temporal pattern of DA release in relation to the precopulatory exposure to a female and to the expression of both appetitive and consummatory aspects of male sexual behavior was investigated. (elsevier.com)
  • Ingestive behavior is more complex than the consummatory act of eating, and decisions about when and how much to eat usually take place in the context of potential mating partners, competitors, predators, and environmental fluctuations that are not present in the laboratory. (researcher-app.com)
  • We emphasize appetitive behaviors, actions that bring animals in contact with a goal object, precede consummatory behaviors, and provide a window into motivation. (researcher-app.com)
  • Appetitive ingestive behaviors are under the control of neural circuits and neuropeptide systems that control appetitive sex behaviors and differ from those that control consummatory ingestive behaviors. (researcher-app.com)
  • Wolgin, D.L. Effects of chronic amphetamine on the appetitive and consummatory phases of feeding. (fau.edu)
Rats2
  • We show that appetitive reward-seeking behavior in rats trained to self-administer alcohol can be shaped causally by ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens (VTA-NAc) DA neurotransmission. (nih.gov)
  • Using an automated gustometer, licking behavior in rats was evaluated for a range of concentrations of appetitive and aversive stimuli in rats following electrolytic lesions in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (NST). (elsevier.com)
Aversive or appetitive2
  • Neurons in both regions are activated by stress and reward, and by learned cues that predict aversive or appetitive outcomes. (eneuro.org)
  • The aversiveness of the control is analyzed as a function of "operations" (addition and subtraction of the stimulus), their "effects" (the increase or decrease of the response probability) and the "nature of the stimulus" involved (aversive or appetitive). (ufpa.br)
Feeding Behavior1
  • SIFamide Translates Hunger Signals into Appetitive and Feeding Behavior in Drosophila. (uni-goettingen.de)
Cues in adolescents2
  • Neurocognitive correlates of adolescent sensitivity to can allopurinol and naproxen be taken together appetitive cues in adolescents. (natuurlijkvoormensendier.nl)
  • Neurocognitive correlates of adolescent sensitivity to appetitive cues in adolescents. (mgedata.com)
Goal-directed behavior3
  • We study neuronal mechanisms underlying olfaction, learning and memory, and goal-directed behavior using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • We propose that learning from goal-directed behavior is mediated by top-down input that primes the reward system to endow value to cues signaling goal attainment. (biorxiv.org)
  • Counterfactual processing of economic action-outcome alternatives in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Further evidence of impaired goal-directed behavior. (cam.ac.uk)
Motivation6
  • Taken together, these results provide further support for the hypothesis that DA action in the mPOA is specifically linked to sexual motivation as compared to copulatory behavior per se. (elsevier.com)
  • Biology has linked eating to appetitive motivation al processes with their underlying neurophysiology, including CNS reward circuitries: Eating uses the pleasure-reward physiology to motivate us to eat. (nel.edu)
  • Pleasure can serve cognition, productivity and health, but simultaneously promotes addiction and other negative behaviors, i.e., motivation al toxicity. (nel.edu)
  • Natural rewarding activities are necessary for survival and appetitive motivation , usually governing beneficial biological behaviors like eating, sex and reproduction. (nel.edu)
  • At the same time, however, they promote similar behaviors such as increased vigilance and motivation to act. (eneuro.org)
  • Emotion and motivation I: Defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. (scirp.org)
Addictive behaviors2
  • Fortunately, recent technological advances have provided the opportunity to explore the causal role of alterations in neurotransmission within circuits involved in addictive behaviors. (nih.gov)
  • Addictive Behaviors , 36 , 18 26. (bvsalud.org)
Arousal3
  • they emerge from arousal of the appetitive or aversive system, and result in subjective, behavioral, and physiological responses that are modulated by the dimensions of valence, arousal, and dominance. (ugr.es)
  • The infralimbic cortical area commands the behavioral and vegetative arousal during appetitive behavior in the rat" Eur J Neurosci 23:1352-1364, 2006. (uchile.cl)
  • Based on these results, further studies should focus on the relationship of serotonin pathways on arousal and motor processes in operant and classically conditioned behavior. (umt.edu)
Obesity9
  • Appetitive pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in participants with normal-weight and obesity. (mpg.de)
  • Appetitive Pavlovian-to-Instumental Transfer with taste stimulation in humans with and without obesity. (mpg.de)
  • Implicit and explicit appetitive outcome-learning in obesity. (mpg.de)
  • 3) Results: The currently available findings suggest that overeating/obesity and unhealthy eating behaviors (e.g., fast food consumption) are associated with emotional eating. (bvsalud.org)
  • Increased understanding of how appetitive traits evolve from early life could advance research on obesity risk and inform intervention development. (bvsalud.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Childhood inadequate eating behaviors contribute to the epidemic of obesity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusions and Implications: Reducing the item size of food could prove a useful dietary prevention strategy based on decreased consumption, aimed at countering obesity-promoting eating behaviors favored by the easy availability of large food portions. (uu.nl)
  • The neuroendocrinology of ingestive behavior is a topic central to human health, particularly in light of the prevalence of obesity, eating disorders, and diabetes. (researcher-app.com)
  • Differences between childcare types may indicate differential influences on infant and toddler feeding and PA behaviors, which could predict disparate obesity risk. (bvsalud.org)
Physiology and Behavior6
  • Physiology and Behavior , 105: 1021-2027. (haverford.edu)
  • Physiology and Behavior, 165, 77-85. (wlu.ca)
  • Physiology and Behavior, 99, 482-486. (wlu.ca)
  • Physiology and Behavior, 89, 428-437. (wlu.ca)
  • Physiology and Behavior, 83, 157-164. (wlu.ca)
  • Physiology and Behavior, 80, 19-26. (wlu.ca)
Hormones5
  • this means I'm interested in the relationship between the brain, hormones, and behavior. (haverford.edu)
  • Hormones and Behavior, 61(2): 204-211. (haverford.edu)
  • Hormones and Behavior , 59(4): 536-548. (haverford.edu)
  • Decreases in the availability of oxidizable metabolic fuels enhance the stimulatory effects of peripheral hormones on appetitive ingestive behavior and the inhibitory effects on appetitive sex behavior, putting a new twist on the notion of leptin, insulin, and ghrelin "resistance. (researcher-app.com)
  • In species representing every vertebrate taxa and even in some invertebrates, many putative "satiety" or "hunger" hormones function to schedule ingestive behavior in order to optimize reproductive success in environments where energy availability fluctuates. (researcher-app.com)
Responses4
  • Here, we use the Ritualistic-Sameness and Stereotyped Behavior subscales as the number of correct http://xn-xda.iacobus.org/allopurinol-walmart-price/ responses (here, yellow in acquisition phase, blue in reversal learning and phenotypic correlates warrant further study in order to maximize favorable outcomes. (natuurlijkvoormensendier.nl)
  • Neuroimaging revealed comparable appetitive responses and computational signatures in reinforcement learning circuits for both goal-based and familiar learning contexts. (biorxiv.org)
  • Studying motivational tradeoffs can help us distinguish reflexive, pre-programmed behaviors from more plastic responses. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is associated with altered hemodynamic responses during appetitive conditioning. (cdc.gov)
Mechanisms1
  • Isolating which biological mechanisms are regulating these changes, however, has proven difficult, potentially due to our inability to characterize the full repertoire of an animal's behavior across the lifespan. (emory.edu)
Defensive1
  • Divergent projections of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus mediate the selection of passive and active defensive behaviors. (addgene.org)
Stimulus1
  • Foraging success will be improved by combining that learning with hunger state and stimulus salience into appetitive state for approach-avoidance decisions. (scholarpedia.org)
Adolescent1
  • Appetitive and regulatory processes in young adolescent drinkers. (bvsalud.org)
Neural4
  • I am interested in several aspects of reproductive behavior--including attraction, copulation, and pregnancy/postpartum--and my lab group is working to identify neural correlates and sites of neuroplasticity associated with each. (haverford.edu)
  • Identify the advantages and disadvantages of optogenetic techniques compared to other techniques that explore the neural basis of behavior. (sfn.org)
  • After watching this presentation, you should be able to gain a general understanding on what optogenetics offers when exploring neural bases of behavior. (sfn.org)
  • The need for high-throughput, precise, and meaningful methods for measuring behavior has been amplified by our recent successes in measuring and manipulating neural circuitry. (emory.edu)
Avoidant6
  • Our initial findings within the RESONANCE cohort suggest that food avoidant traits are negatively related with age, while emotional overeating increases with age, and that appetitive traits track through childhood. (bvsalud.org)
  • This pattern of both food approach (i.e., wanting to eat all the time) and avoidant behaviors (i.e., food fussiness) highlights the need for more research to characterize the complex patterns of appetitive traits associated with LOC-eating. (psu.edu)
  • One such proxy is a reduction in nociceptive reflexes and avoidant behavior. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • If nonhuman animals react to analgesics with diminished nociceptive reflexes and avoidant behavior, then, in the absence of defeaters, that is evidence that the analgesics are acting to reduce pain in the animals. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • One must be careful to distinguish between cases in which nociceptive reflexes and avoidant behavior are reduced from cases in which activity overall is reduced. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • If a particular analgesic functions more like an anesthetic, reducing overall sensation, nociceptive reflexes and avoidant behavior may be diminished--but for the wrong reasons. (effectivealtruism.org)
Sexual behavior1
  • To help elucidate how general the role of dopamine (DA) release in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) is for the activation of male sexual behavior in vertebrates, we recently developed an in vivo microdialysis procedure in the mPOA of Japanese quail. (elsevier.com)
Parental feeding p4
  • Previous research suggests that parental feeding practices are partially associated with development of eating behaviors among children, but the results are inconsistent. (bvsalud.org)
  • The present study was to investigate whether parental feeding practices were associated with eating behaviors and food preferences among Chinese children. (bvsalud.org)
  • A series of questionnaires including parental feeding practices and children's eating behaviors have been validated, and were completed by one of parent who has responded for child's daily diet and living. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results showed LOC-eating was characterized by a combination of child appetitive behaviors and parental feeding practices. (psu.edu)
Neurons5
  • Behaviors are also simple in their coordination: without an articulated skeleton, directional turns mostly involve asymmetric contracture of one side of the body relative to the other, powered by relatively few motor neurons. (scholarpedia.org)
  • Do the same or different PFC and VTA neurons encode unanticipated aversive and appetitive experiences? (eneuro.org)
  • These dual-valence neurons may provide a computational advantage for flexible planning of behavior when organisms face unexpected rewarding and harmful experiences. (eneuro.org)
  • A bottom-up reward pathway mediated by somatostatin neurons in the medial septum complex underlying appetitive learning. (addgene.org)
  • We are able to explain some recently observed properties of descending neurons-that they exhibit a modular pattern of connectivity and that their excitation leads to consistent alterations in behavior that are often dependent upon the desired behavioral state of the animal. (emory.edu)
Classically1
  • The appetitive phase, classically fueled by the need to eat. (petplace.com)
Salience1
  • Access, salience, and impulsive drinking behaviors are addressed with regulations including alcohol outlet density limits, constraints on retail displays of alcoholic beverages, and restrictions on drink "specials. (cdc.gov)
Biological1
  • In particular, the abilities of the feeding and swim/turn CPGs to assume multiple configurations for quite varied expressions of behavior are marvels of biological engineering. (scholarpedia.org)
Inhibition1
  • Results from this study indicated that Fluoxetine administration reduces the appetitive properties of aggressive encounters through inhibition of motor processes which impacted the performance of the fish in the task. (umt.edu)
Contexts2
  • Scores of studies show that self-recording affects behaviors across settings and contexts. (abainternational.org)
  • Recent studies have proposed that separate neuronal populations and circuits in these regions encode learned aversive versus appetitive contexts. (eneuro.org)
Traits3
  • Appetitive traits are associated with body weight. (bvsalud.org)
  • We report on tracking and age-related differences in appetitive traits in childhood within the RESONANCE cohort. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pearson correlations of appetitive traits and age were tested for all participants contributing at least one observation, using each participant's first observation (N = 335). (bvsalud.org)
Reproductive1
  • In my lab, we primarily study reproductive behaviors. (haverford.edu)
Avoidance1
  • As to be described, the feeding CPG manifests appetitive state in its state of excitation, and its corollary output regulates approach-avoidance decision in the directional turn motor network. (scholarpedia.org)
Homeostatic1
  • For the following discussion, it is unnecessary to distinguish homeostatic from appetitive activity. (emergentpublications.com)
Circuits2
  • Using these optogenetic techniques in combination with behavioral analyses we aim at unraveling the functioning of dedicated neuronal circuits, and how these circuits contribute to organizing behavior. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • In the nervous system , only relatively small numbers of motorneurons and sparse central pattern generator (CPG) circuits are required to generate the simple flexions and stretches of the body needed in their behaviors. (scholarpedia.org)
Mediate1
  • Brain networks that mediate motivated behavior in the context of aversive and rewarding experiences involve the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). (eneuro.org)
Questionnaire2
  • Parents of RESONANCE children aged 6.02 ± 2.99 years completed the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, propensity to want to eat all the time, a single question from the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire, characterized both the presence and absence of LOC-eating, highlighting the need for more research to determine if this question captures clinically relevant individual differences. (psu.edu)
Genes1
  • Genes, brain, and behavior 2009 Feb 8 (1): 80-5. (cdc.gov)
Complex3
  • We use hamsters and mice to model these complex brain-hormone-behavior relationships under simpler and more controlled conditions. (haverford.edu)
  • Complex hormonal relations between nutritive stores and appetitive state have not been found. (scholarpedia.org)
  • This evolutionary seed of maternal compassion was then honed by other evolutionary pressures that arose during human evolution, such as our cooperative child-rearing strategy 12 that relies on allomaternal ("other" than mother) caregiving, and our complex and long-lasting social groups in which group members survive and thrive on reciprocal altruism (costly behavior that benefits non-related others). (mindandlife.org)
Predict1
  • External appetitive food cues are important drivers for eating behavior, with higher food cue reactivity and food craving predict weight gain ( Boswell and Kober, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
Brain2
  • This simple model can be contrasted with the highly derived and markedly differentiated vertebrate brain, where feeding-related CPGs in cranial nuclei and spinal cord are subordinate to executive functions taken over by the basal ganglia and cortex (cost-benefit decision and premotor patterning) and the hypothalamus (appetitive state). (scholarpedia.org)
  • The genus Pleurobranchaea shows by its broad distribution and speciations that with truly simple body plan, brain and behavior they are markedly successful in their simple lifestyles. (scholarpedia.org)
Increases1
  • Sex Experience Increases Delta FosB in Male and Female Hamsters, but Facilitates Sex Behavior Only in Females. (haverford.edu)
Stimulation1
  • Our findings reveal that phasic patterns of DA release within this circuit enhance a discrete measure of alcohol seeking, whereas tonic patterns of stimulation inhibit this behavior. (nih.gov)
Alterations1
  • Although the stereotypy of the behaviors and the complexity of the repertoire overall remains relatively unchanged, we find evidence that the observed alterations in behavior can be explained by changing the fly's overall energy budget, suggesting potential connections between metabolism, aging, and behavior. (emory.edu)
Food4
  • Our appetite, and so is our appetence, are then low and need a certain time span to reach their former levels for then inducing food-seeking behaviors, food intake, etc. again. (nel.edu)
  • The variable introductory phase of an instinctive behavior pattern or sequence, e.g., looking for food, or sequential courtship patterns prior to mating. (bvsalud.org)
  • Appetitive ratings and subject and food characteristics had no moderating effect. (uu.nl)
  • The ratio of hormone concentrations to the availability of oxidizable metabolic fuels may generate a critical signal that schedules conflicting behaviors, e.g., mate searching vs. foraging, food hoarding vs. courtship, and fat accumulation vs. parental care. (researcher-app.com)
Research3
  • The Association for Behavior Analysis International® (ABAI) is a nonprofit membership organization with the mission to contribute to the well-being of society by developing, enhancing, and supporting the growth and vitality of the science of behavior analysis through research, education, and practice. (abainternational.org)
  • Behavior Research Methods 42: 1059-1071. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Future research should further observe these behaviors in a larger sample of centers and FCCH to inform childcare interventions and policies. (bvsalud.org)
Influences1
  • Here, we address this critical gap in our knowledge by integrating an optogenetic approach and an operant alcohol self-administration paradigm to assess directly how accumbal dopamine (DA) release dynamics influences the appetitive (seeking) component of alcohol-drinking behavior. (nih.gov)
Reward1
  • Win-stay and lose-shift behaviors index the effect of age for win-staying (D) and lose-shifting (E) but not perseverative errors (C). Here, we examined flexible behavior in autism spectrum update can allopurinol and naproxen be taken together their behaviour in response to reward expectancy and choice signals in human prefrontal cortex. (natuurlijkvoormensendier.nl)
Control3
  • However, artificial stimulants can be detrimental, since flexibility and normal control of behavior are deteriorated. (nel.edu)
  • The Behavior Analysis literature describes two types of control: aversive and positive. (ufpa.br)
  • In this paper, we discuss the scientific meaning of the terms "control" and "aversive" from the viewpoint of behavior analysis. (ufpa.br)
Male1
  • Male and female pups from each litter were examined at days 10 through approximately 40 for neuromuscular function, exploratory activity, circadian activity, aversive learning, and appetitive learning. (cdc.gov)
State1
  • In the fifth post we explain some learning indicators, navigational skills, and mood state behaviors potentially indicative of the capacity for conscious experience in invertebrates. (effectivealtruism.org)
Glyphosate | GreenMedInfo | Toxic Ingredient | Natural Medicine
Glyphosate | GreenMedInfo | Toxic Ingredient | Natural Medicine (greenmedinfo.com)
Role of diet and its effects on the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders | Translational Psychiatry
Role of diet and its effects on the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders | Translational Psychiatry (nature.com)
Laura Been | Haverford College
Laura Been | Haverford College (haverford.edu/users/lbeen/)
Plus it
Plus it (jneurosci.org)
Mitarbeiter | Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften
Mitarbeiter | Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften (cbs.mpg.de)
Die Gehirne von Jazz- und Klassik-Pianisten ticken unterschiedlich | Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften
Die Gehirne von Jazz- und Klassik-Pianisten ticken unterschiedlich | Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften (cbs.mpg.de)
From circuits to behaviour in the amygdala | Nature
From circuits to behaviour in the amygdala | Nature (nature.com)
An excitatory lateral hypothalamic circuit orchestrating pain behaviors in mice | eLife
An excitatory lateral hypothalamic circuit orchestrating pain behaviors in mice | eLife (elifesciences.org)
Overexpectation in appetitive pavlovian and instrumental conditioning - Fingerprint - Oregon Health & Science University
Overexpectation in appetitive pavlovian and instrumental conditioning - Fingerprint - Oregon Health & Science University (ohsu.pure.elsevier.com)
Pleurobranchaea - Scholarpedia
Pleurobranchaea - Scholarpedia (scholarpedia.org)
One Size Doesn't Fit All: Surgery Benefits Vary by Obese Subtype
One Size Doesn't Fit All: Surgery Benefits Vary by Obese Subtype (medscape.com)
Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience - Projects - Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg
Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience - Projects - Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg (uni-salzburg.elsevierpure.com)
Frontiers | Brain Responses to Food Odors Associated With BMI Change at 2-Year Follow-Up
Frontiers | Brain Responses to Food Odors Associated With BMI Change at 2-Year Follow-Up (frontiersin.org)
Event Detail - Association for Behavior Analysis International
Event Detail - Association for Behavior Analysis International (abainternational.org)
Frontiers | Neural Representation of Motor Output, Context and Behavioral Adaptation in Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex During...
Frontiers | Neural Representation of Motor Output, Context and Behavioral Adaptation in Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex During... (frontiersin.org)
(researchgate.net)
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