Appetite
Peptide YY
Ghrelin
A 28-amino acid, acylated, orexigenic peptide that is a ligand for GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTORS. Ghrelin is widely expressed but primarily in the stomach in the adults. Ghrelin acts centrally to stimulate growth hormone secretion and food intake, and peripherally to regulate energy homeostasis. Its large precursor protein, known as appetite-regulating hormone or motilin-related peptide, contains ghrelin and obestatin.
Satiation
Hypothalamus
Leptin
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
Body Weight
Appetite Stimulants
Nutrient-specific preferences by lambs conditioned with intraruminal infusions of starch, casein, and water. (1/419)
We hypothesized that lambs discriminate between postingestive effects of energy and protein and associate those effects with a food's flavor to modify food choices. Based on this hypothesis, we predicted that 1) lambs would acquire a preference for a poorly nutritious food (grape pomace) eaten during intraruminal infusions of energy (starch) or protein (casein) and that 2) shortly after an intraruminal infusion of energy or protein (preload), lambs would decrease their preferences for foods previously conditioned with starch or casein, respectively. Thirty lambs were allotted to three groups and conditioned as follows. On d 1, lambs in each group received grape pomace containing a different flavor and water was infused into their rumens as they ate the pomace. On d 2, the flavors were switched so each group received a new flavor and a suspension of starch (10% of the DE required per day) replaced the water infusion. On d 3, the flavors were switched again, and a suspension of casein (2.7 to 5.4% of the CP required per day) replaced the starch infusion. Conditioning was repeated during four consecutive trials. Lambs in Trial 1 had a basal diet of alfalfa pellets (e.g., free access from 1200 to 1700) and 400 g of rolled barley. Lambs in Trials 2, 3, and 4 received a restricted amount of alfalfa pellets (990 g/d) as their basal diet. After conditioning, all animals received an infusion of water, and, 30 min later, they were offered a choice of the three flavors previously paired with water, starch, or casein. On the ensuing days, the choice was repeated, but starch, casein, and barley replaced the water preload. The nutrient density of the infused preloads was increased during consecutive trials. Lambs preferred the flavors paired with starch > water > casein during Trial 1 (P < .05) and the flavors paired with starch > casein > water during Trials 2 (P < .05), 3 (P < .001), and 4 (P < .001). Preloads of casein decreased preferences for flavors previously paired with casein (P < .10 [Trial 2]; P < .001 [Trial 3], and increased preferences for flavors paired with starch (P < .05 [Trial 2]; P < .001 [Trial 3]). Preloads of energy (barley) had the opposite effect (P < .05 [Trial 3]). These results indicate that lambs discriminated between the postingestive effects of starch and casein and associated the effects with specific external cues (i.e., added flavors) to regulate macronutrient ingestion. (+info)The role of apolipoprotein A-IV in food intake regulation. (2/419)
Apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV is a glycoprotein synthesized by the human intestine. In rodents, both the small intestine and the liver secrete apo A-IV; the small intestine, however, is by far the major organ responsible for the circulating apo A-IV. Intestinal apo A-IV synthesis is markedly stimulated by fat absorption and appears not to be mediated by the uptake or reesterification of fatty acids to form triglycerides. Rather, it is the formation of chylomicrons that acts as a signal for the induction of intestinal apo A-IV synthesis. Intestinal apo A-IV synthesis is also enhanced by a factor from the ileum and that factor is probably peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY). The inhibition of food intake by apo A-IV is probably mediated centrally. The stimulation of intestinal synthesis and secretion of apo A-IV by lipid absorption are rapid; thus, apo A-IV likely plays a role in the short-term regulation of food intake. Other evidence suggests that apo A-IV may also be involved in the long-term regulation of food intake and body weight. Chronic ingestion of a high fat diet blunts the intestinal apo A-IV response to lipid feeding and may explain why the chronic ingestion of a high fat diet predisposes both animals and humans to obesity. (+info)Geriatric cachexia: the role of cytokines. (3/419)
Weight loss in elderly patients is a common clinical problem. Wasting and cachexia are associated with severe physiologic, psychologic, and immunologic consequences, regardless of the underlying causes. Cachexia has been associated with infections, decubitus ulcers, and even death. Multivariate analyses of risk and prognostic factors in community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly have found that age by itself is not a significant factor related to prognosis. Among the significant risk factors, only nutritional status is amenable to medical intervention. Cachexia in the elderly may have profound consequences: medical, cognitive, and psychiatric disorders may diminish self-reliance in activities of daily living, thus reducing quality of life and increasing the frequency of secondary procedures, hospitalizations, and the need for skilled care. Cachexia is associated with higher-than-normal concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL) 1, IL-6, serotonin, and interferon gamma. The role of these proinflammatory cytokines has been established in the cachexia seen in cancer and AIDS patients. Reduction in the concentrations of these cytokines is associated with weight gain. Drugs that promote appetite stimulation and weight gain, such as progestational agents, cyproheptadines, pentoxifylline, and thalidomide may work by down-regulating these proinflammatory cytokines. An understanding of the relation between cachexia and negative regulatory cytokines may point to effective treatment of geriatric cachexia as well. (+info)p-Chloroamphetamine (PCA) suppresses ingestive behavior in male rats. (4/419)
Ingestive behavior was activated in male rats by intraoral intake and intake from a bottle of 1-M solution of sucrose. Intraperitoneal injection of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA), releasing central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from serotonergic nerve terminals, inhibited ingestion of the sucrose solution. Significant inhibition of sucrose intake by PCA was observed at 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg dose in a bottle intake test, and at 5.0 mg/kg dose in an intraoral intake test. These findings suggested that 1.25 and 5.0 mg/kg of PCA suppressed appetitive ingestive behavior and consummatory ingestive behavior in male rats, respectively. (+info)Simultaneous observation of ingestive and copulatory behavior of the male rat. (5/419)
In a preliminary test male rats were allowed to ingest a 1 M solution of sucrose from a drinking spout. After daily intake of sucrose became stabilized, the males were given a sexually receptive or non-receptive female and the bottle filled with sucrose solution simultaneously. The ingestive and copulatory behavior was observed for 60 min under illumination by a red lamp. The data obtained from this study showed that the ingestive behavior of males was suppressed by the presence of sexually receptive females and, conversely, the sexual behavior of males was not affected by the presence of a bottle of sucrose. These results suggest that the presence of a sexual partner inhibits appetitive ingestive behavior, i.e., the responses used by male rats to obtain food. (+info)Origins of nutritional imbalance in cancer. (6/419)
Some parallels and differences are considered between the nutritional circumstances that favor carcinogenesis and those that favor tumor growth and host cachexia. From evidence on deletion of physiological feeding controls and changes in feeding behavior during tumor growth and from evidence on differences in sets of available feeding controls and in feeding behavior among normal individuals, it is suggested that acquisition of possibly carcinogenic dietary habits may originate, in part, from innate deficits in physiological feeding controls. (+info)Neurobiology of zinc-influenced eating behavior. (7/419)
Zinc is an essential nutrient that is required in humans and animals for many physiological functions, including immune and antioxidant function, growth and reproduction. Many aspects of zinc deficiency-induced anorexia have been well studied in experimental animals, most notably the laboratory rat. There is evidence that suggests zinc deficiency may be intimately involved with anorexia in humans: if not as an initiating cause, then as an accelerating or exacerbating factor that may deepen the pathology of the anorexia. The present review describes recent research investigating the relationship between zinc deficiency and the regulation of food intake, along with advances in the understanding of the food intake and body weight regulation systems. For more comprehensive reviews of zinc nutrition and zinc deficiency, readers are referred to the other reviews in this volume and the review text of Mills (1989). An excellent review focused solely on zinc status and food intake has been presented by O'Dell and Reeves (1989). (+info)Secretory, endocrine and autocrine/paracrine function of the adipocyte. (8/419)
Obesity is a major public health problem in Western countries, and >55% of adult Americans are overweight or obese. A major contributor to the epidemic of obesity is the current environment, which is characterized by increased availability of high energy foods and decreased physical activity. Several studies also demonstrated that genetic susceptibility contributes to obesity in some populations. Obesity research has focused primarily on the role of the hypothalamus in neuroendocrine regulation of food intake. However, a growing number of studies support a potential contribution of adipose tissue, via its newly discovered secretory function, to the pathogenesis of obesity and co-morbid conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension. This paper will review the role of four factors secreted by adipose tissue (leptin, agouti, angiotensin II and prostaglandins) and their functions in the regulation of energy balance and whole-body homeostasis. Several other peptide and nonpeptide substances are secreted from adipose tissue; their function and regulation have been documented extensively. (+info)Appetite regulation refers to the complex process by which the body controls hunger and fullness signals to maintain energy balance and prevent overeating or undereating.
Appetite regulation refers to the complex process by which the body controls hunger and satiety, or the desire to eat and the feeling of fullness, respectively. This process involves a complex interplay between various hormones, neurotransmitters, and neural circuits in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. The primary hormones involved in appetite regulation include ghrelin, which stimulates hunger, and leptin, which inhibits hunger and promotes feelings of fullness. Other hormones, such as insulin, cortisol, and thyroid hormones, can also influence appetite. Neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, also play a role in appetite regulation. Dopamine is associated with the reward pathway in the brain and is released in response to food intake, while serotonin is involved in regulating mood and appetite. The neural circuits involved in appetite regulation include the hypothalamus, which is the primary control center for hunger and satiety, and the brainstem, which regulates autonomic functions such as heart rate and breathing. Disruptions in appetite regulation can lead to various eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Additionally, certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and thyroid disorders, can affect appetite regulation and lead to changes in eating habits.
Appetite refers to the desire or craving for food and is regulated by various hormones and neural signals in the body.
In the medical field, appetite refers to the desire or craving for food. It is a complex physiological and psychological process that is regulated by a variety of factors, including hunger, satiety, and taste preferences. Appetite is controlled by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that plays a key role in regulating hunger and satiety. The hypothalamus receives signals from the stomach and other parts of the body that indicate whether a person is hungry or full. It then sends signals to the brain and the rest of the body to either stimulate or suppress appetite. In some cases, appetite can be affected by medical conditions or medications. For example, people with diabetes may experience changes in their appetite due to fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Certain medications, such as antidepressants, can also affect appetite. Abnormalities in appetite can lead to a variety of health problems, including overeating or undereating, which can contribute to obesity, malnutrition, and other health issues. Therefore, understanding and regulating appetite is an important aspect of maintaining good health.
Peptide YY is a hormone that regulates appetite, gastrointestinal motility, and blood pressure.
Peptide YY (PYY) is a hormone that is produced by the gastrointestinal tract in response to the presence of food in the stomach and small intestine. It is also produced by the pancreas and the central nervous system. PYY plays a role in regulating appetite and satiety, meaning it helps to control hunger and fullness. It is released in response to the presence of nutrients in the bloodstream, and it signals to the brain that the body has received enough food and does not need to eat more. PYY has also been shown to have other effects on the body, including reducing blood pressure, improving insulin sensitivity, and decreasing inflammation. As a result, PYY has been studied as a potential therapeutic target for a variety of conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Ghrelin is a hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates appetite and plays a role in regulating metabolism.
Ghrelin is a hormone produced by the stomach that plays a role in regulating appetite and metabolism. It is primarily produced by cells in the stomach called ghrelin cells, which are stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach. Ghrelin is released into the bloodstream in response to fasting and low blood sugar levels, and it signals the brain to increase appetite and stimulate the release of growth hormone. In addition to its role in appetite regulation, ghrelin has been shown to play a role in the regulation of energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and the body's response to stress.
Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that regulates appetite and metabolism.
Leptin is a hormone that is produced by fat cells and plays a role in regulating appetite and metabolism. It helps to signal the brain when the body has enough energy stores and can therefore reduce hunger and increase energy expenditure. Leptin also plays a role in regulating the body's immune system and has been linked to a number of other physiological processes, including reproduction and bone health. In the medical field, leptin is often studied in relation to obesity and other metabolic disorders, as well as in the treatment of these conditions.
Obesity is a medical condition characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat that increases the risk of various health problems.
Obesity is a medical condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat, which increases the risk of various health problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher, where BMI is calculated as a person's weight in kilograms divided by their height in meters squared. Obesity is a complex condition that results from a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. It can lead to a range of health problems, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, certain types of cancer, and respiratory problems. In the medical field, obesity is often treated through a combination of lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, and medical interventions, such as medications or bariatric surgery. The goal of treatment is to help individuals achieve and maintain a healthy weight, reduce their risk of health problems, and improve their overall quality of life.
Body weight refers to the total mass of an individual's body, including all organs, tissues, and fluids.
In the medical field, body weight refers to the total mass of an individual's body, typically measured in kilograms (kg) or pounds (lbs). It is an important indicator of overall health and can be used to assess a person's risk for certain health conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Body weight is calculated by measuring the amount of mass that a person's body contains, which includes all of the organs, tissues, bones, and fluids. It is typically measured using a scale or other weighing device, and can be influenced by factors such as age, gender, genetics, and lifestyle. Body weight can be further categorized into different types, such as body mass index (BMI), which takes into account both a person's weight and height, and waist circumference, which measures the size of a person's waist. These measures can provide additional information about a person's overall health and risk for certain conditions.
Appetite depressants are medications that reduce the desire to eat and are used to treat conditions such as obesity and nausea.
Appetite depressants are medications that are used to reduce appetite and decrease food intake. They are commonly prescribed to people who are overweight or obese, as a way to help them lose weight. Appetite depressants work by affecting the parts of the brain that control hunger and satiety, making a person feel less hungry and more satisfied with smaller amounts of food. Some examples of appetite depressants include amphetamines, phentermine, and topiramate. It is important to note that appetite depressants should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as they can have side effects and may interact with other medications.
Appetite stimulants are medications that increase the desire to eat and are used to treat conditions such as loss of appetite and weight loss.
Appetite stimulants are medications that are used to increase appetite and stimulate food intake in individuals who have a decreased appetite due to various medical conditions such as cancer, HIV/AIDS, anorexia nervosa, and malnutrition. These medications work by increasing the production of certain hormones in the body that stimulate hunger and increase food intake. Some common appetite stimulants include megestrol acetate, mirtazapine, and cyproheptadine. It is important to note that appetite stimulants should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as they can have side effects and may interact with other medications.
Anorexia is an eating disorder characterized by a persistent restriction of energy intake resulting in significantly low body weight and related physical and mental health problems.
Anorexia is a mental health disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, leading to a distorted body image and a restrictive eating behavior. People with anorexia often have a significantly lower body weight than is considered healthy for their age, sex, and height. They may also engage in extreme behaviors such as purging (e.g., vomiting, using laxatives), excessive exercise, or fasting to try to lose weight or maintain their low body weight. Anorexia can have serious physical and mental health consequences, including malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances, heart problems, and depression or anxiety. Treatment typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, medical care, and nutritional counseling.
Stimulus (physiology)
Power, Michael L.; Schulkin, Jay (2008). "Anticipatory physiological regulation in feeding biology: Cephalic phase responses". ... Appetite. 50 (2-3): 194-206. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2007.10.006. PMC 2297467. PMID 18045735. Giduck, SA; Threatte, RM; Kare, MR ( ...
Specific appetite
Regulation of homeostasis is essential to the survival of animals. Because the nutritional content of a diet will vary with ... Other appetites are thus currently classified as learned appetites, which are not innate appetites that are triggered ... An example of an unlearned appetite might be caloric appetite, as seen in all domestic animals. Other unlearned appetites are ... Specific appetite is one such mechanism. Specific appetite has been demonstrated in various species for a number of vitamins ...
SB-334867
Rodgers RJ, Ishii Y, Halford JC, Blundell JE (October 2002). "Orexins and appetite regulation". Neuropeptides. 36 (5): 303-25. ... and has been useful in characterising the orexinergic regulation of brain systems involved with appetite and sleep, as well as ... Eliassi A, Nazari M, Naghdi N (March 2009). "Role of the ventromedial hypothalamic orexin-1 receptors in regulation of gastric ...
Advertising to children
Candy advertising to children and implications for industry self-regulation". Appetite. 95: 585-592. doi:10.1016/j.appet. ... there is a consistent want for regulation. Each country implements a variation in the strength of its regulations, based on the ... Citation "This Code has been adopted by the AANA as part of advertising and marketing self-regulation. The object of this Code ... The directive does not imply consistent regulations across Member states. It does state the "Member States and the Commission ...
HSD2 neuron
Geerling, JC; Loewy, AD (Feb 2008). "Central regulation of sodium appetite". Experimental Physiology. 93 (2): 177-209. doi: ... Shin, JW; Geerling, JC; Stein, MK; Miller, RL; Loewy, AD (Sep 2011). "FoxP2 brainstem neurons project to sodium appetite ... All of the aforementioned manipulations which activate HSD2 neurons also produce sodium appetite in rats. If sodium-deprived ... This phenomenon of salt-intake-induced inactivation also occurs after sodium appetite and HSD2 neuron activation are produced ...
Energy homeostasis
The regulation of energy balance involves the exquisite coordination of food intake and energy expenditure. Experiments in the ... The main cause is undereating due to a medical condition such as decreased appetite, anorexia nervosa, digestive disease, or ... Diagram of regulation of fat stores and hunger [1] Daily energy requirement calculator (All articles with unsourced statements ... Klok MD, Jakobsdottir S, Drent ML (January 2007). "The role of leptin and ghrelin in the regulation of food intake and body ...
Hunger (physiology)
The regulation of appetite (the appestat) has been the subject of much research; breakthroughs included the discovery, in 1994 ... Suzuki, K; Jayasena, CN; Bloom, SR (2011). "The Gut Hormones in Appetite Regulation". Journal of Obesity. 2011: 1-10. doi: ... Later studies showed that appetite regulation is an immensely complex process involving the gastrointestinal tract, many ... For example, ghrelin stimulates appetite, whereas cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) suppress appetite. The ...
Kyung-ok-ko
11 December 2009). "The multi-herbal medicine Gongjin-dan enhances memory and learning tasks via NGF regulation". Neuroscience ... Lose appetite pregnant women. Moon, E.; et al. ( ...
Attachment and health
The role of insecure attachment and emotion regulation". Appetite. 91: 69-75. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.026. PMID 25828596. ... Attachment theory can be conceptualized as a theory of emotional regulation. Bowlby predicted that insecure attachment would be ... Quirin, M; Pruessner, JC; Kuhl, J (June 2008). "HPA system regulation and adult attachment anxiety: individual differences in ... Feeney, JA; Ryan, SM (July 1994). "Attachment style and affect regulation: relationships with health behavior and family ...
Expected satiety
Brunstrom, J.M. (2012). "Episodic memory and appetite regulation in humans". PLOS ONE. 7 (12): e50707. doi:10.1371/journal.pone ... Fay, S. (2011). "What determines real-world meal size? Evidence for pre-meal planning" (PDF). Appetite. 56 (2): 284-289. doi: ... de Graaf, C. (1992). "Beliefs about the satiating effect of bread with spread varying in macronutrient content". Appetite. 18 ( ... Higgs, S. (2002). "Memory for recent eating and its influence on subsequent food intake". Appetite. 39 (2): 159-66. doi:10.1006 ...
Trait theory
Bryant EJ, King NA, Blundell JE (Sep 2008). "Disinhibition: its effects on appetite and weight regulation". Obesity Reviews. 9 ...
Central melanocortin system
Due to the essential role of melanocortins in the regulation of body weight and appetite, they are a target of choice for anti- ... This system is a principal nexus of body weight regulation through its role in appetite and energy expenditure via leptin, ... Yeo, GS; Heisler, LK (October 2012). "Unraveling the brain regulation of appetite: lessons from genetics". Nature Neuroscience ... Nicotine's appetite-suppressant effect appears to result from nicotine's stimulation of α3β4 nAChR receptors located in the ...
Dynorphin
Morley LE (1995). "The Role of Peptides in Appetite Regulation across Species". American Zoologist. 35 (6): 437-445. doi: ... Carlezon WA, Thome J, Olson VG, Lane-Ladd SB, Brodkin ES, Hiroi N, Duman RS, Neve RL, Nestler EJ (December 1998). "Regulation ... Krebs MO, Gauchy C, Desban M, Glowinski J, Kemel ML (April 1994). "Role of dynorphin and GABA in the inhibitory regulation of ... Dynorphin has been implicated as an appetite stimulant. A number of studies in rats have shown that increasing the dynorphin ...
Food choice
Bryant, E. J.; King, N. A.; Blundell, J. E. (2007). "Disinhibition: Its effects on appetite and weight regulation" (PDF). ... Appetite. Polivy, J.; Herman, C. P.; Younger, J. C.; Erskine, B. (1979). "Effects of a model on eating behavior: The induction ... Goldman, S. J.; Herman, C. P.; Polivy, J. (1991). "Is the effect of a social model on eating attenuated by hunger?". Appetite. ... Patel, K. A.; Schlundt, D. G. (2001). "Impact of moods and social context on eating behavior". Appetite. 36 (2): 111-118. doi: ...
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor
Semaglutide decreases appetite by acting on the brain's centers responsible for appetite regulation, leading to a feeling of ... This effect contributes to weight management and appetite control. Appetite Regulation and Satiety: GLP-1 receptor signaling ... particularly regions involved in appetite regulation. Activation of the GLP-1 receptor promotes feelings of satiety, leading to ... Another important function of the GLP-1 receptor is the regulation of gastric emptying. Activation of the receptor delays the ...
Eating
Little, TJ; Horowitz, M; Feinle-Bisset, C. (2005). "Role of cholecystokinin in appetite control and body weight regulation". ... Ghrelin is a hormone that increases appetite by signaling to the brain that a person is hungry. Environmental signals and ... "Ghrelin, Hormone That Stimulates Appetite, Found To Be Higher In PWS". Archived from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 29 ... Adipose tissue secretes the hormone leptin, and leptin suppresses appetite. Long-term satiety signals from adipose tissue ...
Arcuate nucleus
These cells are important in the regulation of appetite, and, when activated, they inhibit feeding. These neurons are activated ... ISBN 978-0-205-23981-8. Arora S, Anubhuti (December 2006). "Role of neuropeptides in appetite regulation and obesity--a review ... and are important in the regulation of appetite. When activated, these neurons can produce ravenous eating. These neurons are ... POMC neurons that project to the medial preoptic nucleus are also involved in the regulation of sexual behavior in both males ...
Astrocyte
December 2005). "Regulation of glucagon secretion by glucose transporter type 2 (glut2) and astrocyte-dependent glucose sensors ... Leptin-sensitive neurons regulate appetite and body weight. FABP7+ astrocytes regulate the responsiveness of these neurons to ... Studies have shown that astrocytes play an important function in the regulation of neural stem cells. Research from the ... ISBN 978-0-470-97853-5. Wang, Hao; Kulas, Joshua A.; Ferris, Heather A.; Hansen, Scott B. (2020-10-14). "Regulation of beta- ...
Colostrum
They also play a major role in regulation of epithelial cell growth and development, proliferation, and restitution. Transfer ... Colostrum contains glycomacropeptides which help to regulate appetite. Bovine colostrum has been shown to enhance immune ... They also play a major role in regulation of epithelial cell growth and development, proliferation, restitution. Transfer ...
Cannabinoid
Fride E, Bregman T, Kirkham TC (April 2005). "Endocannabinoids and food intake: newborn suckling and appetite regulation in ... A 2023 paper seeking the regulation of cannabinoid terminology coined the term "derived psychoactive cannabis products" to ... used as an appetite stimulant, anti-emetic, and analgesic Nabilone (Cesamet, Canemes), a synthetic cannabinoid and an analog of ... and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. These processes contribute to various aspects of cellular biology and can be modified ...
Effects of cannabis
Fride E, Bregman T, Kirkham TC (April 2005). "Endocannabinoids and food intake: newborn suckling and appetite regulation in ... The feeling of increased appetite following the use of cannabis has been documented for hundreds of years, and is known ...
Breast milk
Fride E, Bregman T, Kirkham TC (April 2005). "Endocannabinoids and food intake: newborn suckling and appetite regulation in ... They may act as an appetite stimulant, but they also regulate appetite so infants do not eat too much. That may be why formula- ...
Sleep and metabolism
"Role of sleep duration in the regulation of glucose metabolism and appetite". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology ... that are important in appetite control. Leptin, released by adipose tissue, is a hormone that inhibits appetite and increases ... Ghrelin, released from the stomach, is a hormone that increases appetite and reduces energy expenditure. Sleep deprivation can ... Sleep plays a vital role in regulating metabolism and appetite. When sleep deprived, the metabolic system will be out of ...
2-Arachidonoylglycerol
Fride E, Bregman T, Kirkham TC (April 2005). "Endocannabinoids and food intake: newborn suckling and appetite regulation in ...
Short-chain fatty acid
Byrne CS, Chambers ES, Morrison DJ, Frost G (September 2015). "The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and ... They can also affect appetite and cardiometabolic health. Additionally they may have an impact on mental health and mood. The ... Merchak A, Gaultier A (December 2020). "Microbial metabolites and immune regulation: New targets for major depressive disorder ...
Adipocyte
Leptin is important in regulation of appetite and acts as a satiety factor. List of human cell types derived from the germ ... August 2015). "Exercise Regulation of Marrow Fat in the Setting of PPARγ Agonist Treatment in Female C57BL/6 Mice". ... Klok MD, Jakobsdottir S, Drent ML (January 2007). "The role of leptin and ghrelin in the regulation of food intake and body ... Pagnotti GM, Styner M (2016). "Exercise Regulation of Marrow Adipose Tissue". Frontiers in Endocrinology. 7: 94. doi:10.3389/ ...
Mustafa al'Absi
He directs research programs focusing on neurobiology of stress, appetite regulation, and addiction. Al'Absi's research ...
Prebiotic (nutrition)
Byrne CS, Chambers ES, Morrison DJ, Frost G (September 2015). "The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and ...
Eating disorder
"Impaired cholecystokinin secretion and disturbed appetite regulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome". Gynecological ... it has an inhibitory effect on appetite by inducing a feeling of satiety. Ghrelin is an appetite inducing hormone produced in ... January 2009). "Regulation of feeding and anxiety by alpha-MSH reactive autoantibodies". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 34 (1): 140- ... Additionally, traditional Fijian values would encourage a robust appetite and a widespread vigilance for and social response to ...
Carbohydrate
Byrne CS, Chambers ES, Morrison DJ, Frost G (September 2015). "The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and ...
Carbohydrates, POMC and Appetite Regulation
Appetite Regulation | Lund University Publications
Fat-free mass loss and appetite regulation: Is there a link? - American Society for Nutrition
Fat-free mass loss and appetite regulation: Is there a link?. September 7, 2023 by Kathy Beerman, PhD ... Outcome variables, which included body weight, body composition, ketosis, appetite-related hormones, and subjective appetite ... suggesting a link between fat-free mass and appetite regulation. ... Subjective feelings of appetite (hunger, fullness, desire to ... Association between Fat-Free Mass Loss, Changes in Appetite, and Weight Regain in Individuals with Obesity. The Journal of ...
Study: Gut-brain axis appetite suppressant may help burn fat
Moderate-intensity exercise combined with an appetite suppressing supplement that plays on the gut-brain axis could boost the ... Demystifying EU Health Claim Regulation: Understanding the Basics Content provided by Atlantia Clinical Trials , 14-Jul-2023 , ... Study: Gut-brain axis appetite suppressant may help burn fat. By Nikki Hancocks 08-Jan-2020. - Last updated on 09-Jan-2020 at ... Moderate-intensity exercise combined with an appetite suppressing supplement that plays on the gut-brain axis could boost the ...
Obesity Clinical Trial - Improving Appetite Regulation in Patients With
Clinical trial for Improving Appetite Regulation in Patients With Obesity. ... Improving Appetite Regulation in Patients With Obesity Obesity Clinical Trial. Official title:. Improving Appetite Self- ... Thus, the investigator propose to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a 6-month remotely-delivered appetite regulation ... appetite self-regulation intervention for weight loss maintenance. Aim 2. Examine the preliminary efficacy of the intervention ...
Understanding the Interplay of Leptin, Ghrelin, and Insulin: Hormones and Appetite Regulation
... and insulin in regulating appetite, metabolism, and body weight. Learn how these hormones interact and how holistic practices ... Understanding the Interplay of Leptin, Ghrelin, and Insulin: Hormones and Appetite Regulation. Jeff Evenson, Owner and Chief ... To wrap it up, the hormones leptin, ghrelin, and insulin play critical roles in appetite regulation, metabolism, and body ... This interplay between leptin and insulin contributes to the regulation of appetite and energy balance. ...
An appetite for life: brain regulation of hunger and satiety<...
An appetite for life: brain regulation of hunger and satiety. / Heisler, Lora K; Lam, Daniel D. In: Current Opinion in ... An appetite for life: brain regulation of hunger and satiety. Current Opinion in Pharmacology. 2017 Dec;37:100-106. Epub 2017 ... Heisler, Lora K ; Lam, Daniel D. / An appetite for life : brain regulation of hunger and satiety. In: Current Opinion in ... Heisler, L. K., & Lam, D. D. (2017). An appetite for life: brain regulation of hunger and satiety. Current Opinion in ...
Is anorexia hereditary? Research, risk factors, and more
Relationships between body mass index, appetite regulation and physical activity during shift-work and night-work | LJMU...
Morris, C J (2010) Relationships between body mass index, appetite regulation and physical activity during shift-work and night ... Relationships between body mass index, appetite regulation and physical activity during shift-work and night-work ... This thesis demonstrates that relationships between 8MI, appetite regulation, gastrointestinal health (l.e., heartburn) and ... appetite regulation, gastrointestinal health and physical activity during shift-work and night-work. In the first study ( ...
Appetite Suppressant
What are appetite suppressants and do they work? What are the benefits of appetite suppressants for weight loss? Are they safe ... What are the common ingredients in appetite suppressants? ... Dietary Fiber and Weight Regulation. Another study published in ... What are Appetite Suppressants?. Appetite Suppressants are sold in both herbal and medical varieties. The idea is to curb ... Appetite Suppressants. Youre trying to lose weight and the one thing you just cant get around is hunger. Appetite ...
June 2022 - Fight Aging!
N-lactoyl-phenylalanine as a Link Between Exercise and Appetite Regulation. Permalink (With Comments) Permalink (No Comments) ... Reduction of USP16 led to decreased expression of senescence gene Cdkn2a and mitigated aberrant regulation of the Bone ... Several studies have reported the potential of epigenetic regulation in delaying senescence. Our previous studies showed that ... "Regular exercise has been proven to help weight loss, regulate appetite, and improve the metabolic profile, especially for ...
James Shipton says it is time to break ASIC into two
General Data Protection Regulation Compliance - 23andMe Europe
Supporting your child with weight loss: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Antipsychotics, First-Generation: Drug Class, Uses, Side Effects, Drug Names.
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Regular Activity Breaks does not Acutely Influence Appetite: A...
Intervention effects for appetite response AUC and ad libitum meal intake were tested using linear mixed models. Appetite AUC ... The five responses were combined into a single appetite response at each time point. The area under the appetite response curve ... Interrupting prolonged sitting with regular activity breaks does not acutely influence appetite or volume of food consumed, ... Appetite and satiety were assessed throughout both days of each intervention using five visual analogue scales. ...
Confessions of a Catholic convert to capitalism | America Magazine
Brooks is right to say we have an "appetite for material security." That appetite run amok allows people to remain homeless and ... Theoretically such a situation does not require regulation but in reality in certain situations some regulation is necessary to ... and at our history and you will see that we have always had regulations and will always want regulations. Once we accept that ... It is nice to see Brooks afford "necessary regulation and proper social safety nets" a parenthetical nod. But, in fact, they ...
Sleep and Brain Energy Levels: ATP Changes during Sleep | Journal of Neuroscience
2007) Impact of sleep and sleep loss on glucose homeostasis and appetite regulation. Sleep Med Clin 2:187-197. ... Differential regulation of ATP between sleep-active and wake-active brain regions. To determine whether the increase in ATP is ... 2010) Metabolic regulation of neuronal plasticity by the energy sensor AMPK. PLoS One 5:e8996. ... 2008) Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and arousal. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1129:275-286. ...
Frontiers | Impact of Hunger, Satiety, and Oral Glucose on the Association Between Insulin and Resting-State Human Brain...
The role of gut hormones and the hypothalamus in appetite regulation. Endocr. J. 57, 359-372. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.k10e-077 ... Rolls, E. T. (2006). Brain mechanisms underlying flavour and appetite. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 361, 1123-1136 ... 2017). The impact of gut hormones on the neural circuit of appetite and satiety: a systematic review. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. ... The AUC has been used as an index to assess the regulation of glucose and insulin (Tzagournis and Skillman, 1970; Owen et al., ...
JCI -
Chop deletion reduces oxidative stress, improves β cell function, and promotes cell survival in multiple mouse models of...
First, Chop deletion might influence central nervous system regulation of appetite and/or metabolism. This is a topic that has ... Regulation of hepatic lipogenesis by the transcription factor XBP1. Science. 320:1492-1496. View this article via: CrossRef ... ER stress regulation of ATF6 localization by dissociation of BiP/GRP78 binding and unmasking of Golgi localization signals. Dev ... Regulation of insulin biosynthesis in pancreatic beta cells by an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein kinase IRE1. Cell ...
Three Critical Benefits of Protein Supplementation
Role of cholecystokinin in appetite control and body weight regulation. Obes Rev. 2005 Nov; 6(4):297-306 ... 3. Reduces appetite. We are all creatures of habit and one habit many of us have acquired is a taste for fatty and sugary foods ... While it is a well-known fact that protein in general will reduce appetite to promote the shredded appearance, it is whey ... A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite compensatory ...
M ttende svinek dsprodukter til forebyggelse af overv gt - Teknologisk Institut
Kofod, J.M (2016) Effect of Dietary Fibers Added to Meatballs Varying in Protein Quality on Appetite Regulation. Master Thesis ... Ph.d. Meat and appetite regulation - effects of fiber addition and cooking methods ... effect on sensory quality and subjective appetite sensations. Meat Science, 125, side 66-75 ...
Phentermine Over The Counter: 10 Best OTC Alternatives for Adipex Weight Loss Pills
Similar to Contrave and Belviq, Phentermine diet pills work to suppress appetite and hunger. ... Phentermine is an appetite suppressant that works by triggering your fight or flight response. The goal is to help you eat less ... or metabolic regulation more effectively. They undergo rigorous testing and clinical trials to prove their safety and efficacy. ... Taking other appetite suppressants with the drug increases the risk of developing problems. Symptoms of heart and lung troubles ...
Maritime & Trade Research and Analysis | S&P Global
Maritime Regulation, Risk and Compliance * Latest push for US shipping reform to test regulatory appetite ... Chinas appetite for Brazilian barrels has remained strong over the last couple of months, but most recent data by S&P Global ... Engage with our team of experts as we explore trade patterns, new regulations as well as regional & global trends.. ... Limited ship supply growth driven by new IMO regulations to help shipping freight market recover in mid and long term ...
"Tens of Millions" to "Hundreds of Millions": Synthetic Credit to Enable Private Funding for Infrastructure in Low-Income...
Human Nutrition - Master of Science - MSC - Postgraduate / Graduate Program - UBC Grad School - Master's degree
Xu, Zhaoming (Nutrients, Zinc, growth, and growth regulation, Regulatory role of zinc in apoptosis, Zinc and breast cancer) ... Purcell, Sarah (Medical, health and life sciences; Nutrition; energy balance; Obesity; Metabolism; energy expenditure; appetite ... Stefanska, Barbara (Nutrition and Cancer; Breast Cancer; Hepatic Diseases; Gene Regulation and Expression; Epigenetics, Cancer ...
People - The University of Nottingham
Irregular meal-pattern effects on energy expenditure, metabolism, and appetite regulation: a randomized controlled trial in ... Obesity: interaction with meal pattern, metabolic consequences, nutrient gene interactions, regulation of appetite, therapeutic ... Effects of aroma and taste, independently or in combination, on appetite sensation and subsequent food intake Appetite. 114, ... energy balance regulation and its application to the two clinical extremes of obesity and illness related undernutrition. She ...
Why Stress Can Lead to Craving Comfort Foods
It can also disrupt the balance of other hormones involved in appetite regulation, such as leptin and ghrelin. ... Cortisol can increase our appetite and drive cravings for calorie-dense comfort foods, particularly those high in sugar and ... Hormonal changes: Stress activates the release of cortisol, which can increase appetite and promote fat storage, particularly ...
HPA Axis Dysfunction: Symptoms, Root Cause, and How to Support - NTA
Junk Foods That Are Actually Healthy - AskMenSuppressant3
- You deserve to know the truth about the supplement you're looking to buy, so we're here to give you just the facts with our appetite suppressant reviews. (dietspotlight.com)
- This story led to worldwide notoriety as the next big appetite suppressant. (dietspotlight.com)
- Others do not have such support from science or appetite suppressant reviews. (dietspotlight.com)
Subjective appetite2
- Kehlet, U. (2017) Meatballs with 3% and 6% dietary fibre from rye bran or pea fibre - effect on sensory quality and subjective appetite sensations. (teknologisk.dk)
- Perhaps not unexpectedly, the study found an increase in subjective appetite that increased with weight loss. (medscape.com)
Hormones4
- Subjective feelings of appetite (hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption) and plasma concentrations of appetite-related hormones were measured in fasting and every 30 minutes after a standardized breakfast for 2.5 hours. (nutrition.org)
- These three hormones are intricately connected, working together to regulate appetite, metabolism, and energy balance. (evensonholistic.com)
- Taken together, these findings indicated that exercise mediates different effects on appetite-related hormones at night and that meal frequency is an important factor which regulates the response of acylated ghrelin, but not leptin. (ljmu.ac.uk)
- These hormones regulate the body's growth, and are involved in cell to cell communication, control metabolic activity, sleep-wake homeostasis, and altered regulation or dysregulation of adaptive response in various physiologic and pathophysiologic states. (medscape.com)
Obesity6
- To bridge this knowledge gap, and in a collaborative effort with the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Martins (University of Alabama at Birmingham) and colleagues performed a secondary analysis aiming to determine if percent fat-free mass loss following weight loss predicts weight regain and to investigate the association between percent fat-free mass loss and changes in appetite markers in men and women with obesity. (nutrition.org)
- Association between Fat-Free Mass Loss, Changes in Appetite, and Weight Regain in Individuals with Obesity. (nutrition.org)
- Because individuals with obesity report significant challenges with adhering to these cues, augmenting behavioral interventions with appetite self-regulation training may be a solution. (inclinicaltrials.com)
- Thus, the investigator propose to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a 6-month remotely-delivered appetite regulation + lifestyle modification intervention to treat obesity. (inclinicaltrials.com)
- energy balance regulation and its application to the two clinical extremes of obesity and illness related undernutrition. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- epidemic towards decreased physical activity in 2013, 23.8% (95% uncertainty levels - because of the increasing- interval [UI], 22.9-24.7%) of boys Obesity is a result of a positive en- ly sedentary nature of recreational and 22.6% (95% UI, 21.7-23.6%) ergy balance (i.e. energy intake that activities, changing modes of trans- of girls were overweight or obese. (who.int)
Hunger5
- However, a greater percent fat-free mass loss was accompanied by a greater increase in the secretion of ghrelin, a hunger hormone, under ketogenic conditions, suggesting a link between fat-free mass and appetite regulation. (nutrition.org)
- Leptin, produced by fat cells, inhibits hunger by suppressing appetite when fat stores are sufficient. (evensonholistic.com)
- Heisler, LK & Lam, DD 2017, ' An appetite for life: brain regulation of hunger and satiety ', Current Opinion in Pharmacology , vol. 37, pp. 100-106. (elsevierpure.com)
- There are some herbal appetite suppressants that are clinically proven to help promote weight loss and curb hunger. (dietspotlight.com)
- Similar to Contrave and Belviq, Phentermine diet pills work to suppress appetite and hunger. (dallasnews.com)
Regulate appetite2
- Understanding their relationships can shed light on how our bodies regulate appetite, metabolism, and body weight. (evensonholistic.com)
- The study presented in Chapter 6 determined the within-subject correlations between factors that regulate appetite in the post-exercise period. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Serotonin1
- Serotonin and appetite regulation. (bvsalud.org)
Pharmacological1
- We also consider particularly promising pharmacological targets for appetite modulation. (elsevierpure.com)
Metabolism3
- Beyond appetite regulation, leptin also influences metabolism and energy expenditure. (evensonholistic.com)
- Insulin and glucose metabolism are tightly linked, influencing appetite and energy balance. (evensonholistic.com)
- Understanding the intricate relationships between leptin, ghrelin, and insulin provides valuable insights into the regulation of appetite, metabolism, and body weight. (evensonholistic.com)
Satiety2
- When fat stores increase, leptin levels rise, sending a signal of satiety and suppressing appetite. (evensonholistic.com)
- Appetite and satiety were assessed throughout both days of each intervention using five visual analogue scales. (mdpi.com)
Intake4
- A growing body of evidence suggests that fat-free mass plays a role in the drive to eat and is likely to modulate energy intake and body weight via its effects on energy expenditure and through feedback signaling between fat-free mass and appetite control regions of the brain. (nutrition.org)
- It stimulates appetite and increases food intake. (evensonholistic.com)
- Conversely, ghrelin stimulates appetite and food intake when the stomach is empty. (evensonholistic.com)
- GLP-1 is a physiologic regulator of appetite and calorie intake, and the GLP-1 receptor is present in several areas of the brain involved in appetite regulation. (medscape.com)
Fullness1
- Inulin-propionate ester was therefore developed as a food supplement to provide the gut with a much larger dose of propionate than could be readily provided by a normal diet, producing the feeling of fullness more quickly and thus suppressing the appetite. (nutraingredients.com)
Clinical1
- Basic and clinical appetite regulation and energy expenditure. (medlineplus.gov)
20162
- In 2016 the European Commission approved and adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) , a new framework for European data protection law. (23andme.com)
- Kofod, J.M (2016) Effect of Dietary Fibers Added to Meatballs Varying in Protein Quality on Appetite Regulation. (teknologisk.dk)
Physical1
- Thus, the aim of this thesis was to explore, using a multidisciplinary approach, the relationships between body mass index (8M I), appetite regulation, gastrointestinal health and physical activity during shift-work and night-work. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Weight6
- Using a single-arm design, the investigator will examine the feasibility and acceptability of a 6-month, remotely-delivered, appetite self-regulation intervention for weight loss maintenance. (inclinicaltrials.com)
- Maintaining a healthy weight and managing appetite can be a complex endeavor. (evensonholistic.com)
- Engaging in regular exercise not only helps manage body weight but also has a positive impact on hormone regulation. (evensonholistic.com)
- There are four main herbal appetite suppressants sold as part of weight-loss formulas and as standalone supplements. (dietspotlight.com)
- The investigators assessed hormonal and appetite changes in response to the reduced weight state, first at 10 weeks and then at 62 weeks. (medscape.com)
- Thus, patients with weight loss have a "double whammy": They have changes both in appetite regulation and energy expenditure that favor weight regain. (medscape.com)
Brain2
- Moderate-intensity exercise combined with an appetite suppressing supplement that plays on the gut-brain axis could boost the rate at which fat is burned in the human body, new research suggests. (nutraingredients.com)
- Several studies using rs-fMRI revealed associations of insulin or glucose levels with the functional connectivity (FC) of particular brain networks or brain sites that are related to homeostatic regulation but not without contradictions. (frontiersin.org)
Role4
- An alternative proposal is to create a standalone watchdog for the rapidly expanding superannuation sector, merging ASIC's oversight responsibilities and the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority's financial stability role. (afr.com)
- The levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (P-AMPK), well known for its role in cellular energy sensing and regulation, and ATP show reciprocal changes. (jneurosci.org)
- they appear to play a role in regulation of appetite, pain sensation, and memory. (msdmanuals.com)
- Norepinephrine , which is involved in the body's stress response and plays a role in mood regulation and alertness. (medlineplus.gov)
Food1
- Appetite, defined as the motivational drive to obtain food, is regulated by a complex neurocircuitry which integrates a variety of interoceptive signals to gauge nutritional state and guide appropriate levels of food-seeking. (elsevierpure.com)
Effects2
- In the studies presented in Chapters 4 and 5, the effects of an acute bout of evening exercise upon appetite-related factors were investigated during a simulated night-shift. (ljmu.ac.uk)
- The present study compared the effects of regular activity breaks and prolonged sitting on appetite. (mdpi.com)
Energy balance1
- This interplay between leptin and insulin contributes to the regulation of appetite and energy balance. (evensonholistic.com)
Response2
Women1
- But just as I cautioned that a little goes a long way, new research shows that older men and women, particularly those who eat more carbohydrates, may have a harder time regulating their appetite. (marksdailyapple.com)
Loss1
- Fat-free mass loss and appetite regulation: Is there a link? (nutrition.org)
Found1
- Dr. Zane Andrews, a neuroendocrinologist from Monash University, found that free radicals organize an assault on appetite-regulating POMC neurons. (marksdailyapple.com)
Enhance1
- Dronabinol , a synthetic oral form of the active ingredient, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy and to enhance appetite in AIDS patients. (msdmanuals.com)
Studies1
- Scientific studies have shown that α-LACYS RESET® naturally boosts fat-burning and suppresses your appetite by triggering thermogenesis. (dallasnews.com)
