AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and Processes
ApomorphineDopamine AgonistsReceptors, DopamineHaloperidolPiribedilEmeticsPenile ErectionPimozideStereotyped BehaviorDopamine AntagonistsStartle ReactionLevodopaAntiparkinson AgentsDopamineReceptors, Dopamine D2CatalepsyTranquilizing AgentsCarbidopaSensory GatingHydroxydopaminesYawningQuinpiroleParkinson DiseaseAdministration, SublingualDopamine AgentsParkinson Disease, SecondaryDomperidone2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepineReceptors, Dopamine D1OxidopamineErgolinesBis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfideAmphetamineMotor ActivityHarmineSubstantia NigraCorpus StriatumBehavior, AnimalPenisReceptors, Dopamine D3Infusion PumpsBenzazepinesDyskinesia, Drug-InducedSulpirideSpiperoneErectile DysfunctionLisurideInjections, SubcutaneousFlupenthixolDose-Response Relationship, DrugRats, Sprague-Dawley
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.Dopamine Agonists: Drugs that bind to and activate dopamine receptors.Receptors, Dopamine: Cell-surface proteins that bind dopamine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.Emetics: Agents that cause vomiting. They may act directly on the gastrointestinal tract, bringing about emesis through local irritant effects, or indirectly, through their effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the postremal area near the medulla.Penile Erection: The state of the PENIS when the erectile tissue becomes filled or swollen (tumid) with BLOOD and causes the penis to become rigid and elevated. It is a complex process involving CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS; HORMONES; SMOOTH MUSCLES; and vascular functions.Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403)Stereotyped Behavior: Relatively invariant mode of behavior elicited or determined by a particular situation; may be verbal, postural, or expressive.Dopamine Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate DOPAMINE RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. Many drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders (ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) are dopamine antagonists, although their therapeutic effects may be due to long-term adjustments of the brain rather than to the acute effects of blocking dopamine receptors. Dopamine antagonists have been used for several other clinical purposes including as ANTIEMETICS, in the treatment of Tourette syndrome, and for hiccup. Dopamine receptor blockade is associated with NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME.Startle Reaction: A complex involuntary response to an unexpected strong stimulus usually auditory in nature.Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.Antiparkinson Agents: Agents used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The most commonly used drugs act on the dopaminergic system in the striatum and basal ganglia or are centrally acting muscarinic antagonists.Dopamine: One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.Receptors, Dopamine D2: A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. D2-class receptor genes contain INTRONS, and the receptors inhibit ADENYLYL CYCLASES.Catalepsy: A condition characterized by inactivity, decreased responsiveness to stimuli, and a tendency to maintain an immobile posture. The limbs tend to remain in whatever position they are placed (waxy flexibility). Catalepsy may be associated with PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA, CATATONIC), nervous system drug toxicity, and other conditions.Tranquilizing Agents: A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought, or behavior. Included here are the ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS (minor tranquilizers), ANTIMANIC AGENTS, and the ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS (major tranquilizers). These drugs act by different mechanisms and are used for different therapeutic purposes.Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE, preventing conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no antiparkinson actions by itself.Sensory Gating: The ability of the BRAIN to suppress neuronal responses to external sensory inputs, such as auditory and visual stimuli. Sensory filtering (or gating) allows humans to block out irrelevant, meaningless, or redundant stimuli.Hydroxydopamines: Dopamines with a hydroxy group substituted in one or more positions.Yawning: An involuntary deep INHALATION with the MOUTH open, often accompanied by the act of stretching.Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.Parkinson Disease: A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)Administration, Sublingual: Administration of a soluble dosage form by placement under the tongue.Dopamine Agents: Any drugs that are used for their effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons.Parkinson Disease, Secondary: Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.Receptors, Dopamine D1: A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. D1-class receptor genes lack INTRONS, and the receptors stimulate ADENYLYL CYCLASES.Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.Bis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide: An inhibitor of the last step of noradrenaline biosynthesis.Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.Motor Activity: The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of Peganum harmala L., Zygophyllaceae. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic Parkinson disease in the 1920's.Substantia Nigra: The black substance in the ventral midbrain or the nucleus of cells containing the black substance. These cells produce DOPAMINE, an important neurotransmitter in regulation of the sensorimotor system and mood. The dark colored MELANIN is a by-product of dopamine synthesis.Corpus Striatum: Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.Behavior, Animal: The observable response an animal makes to any situation.Penis: The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra.Receptors, Dopamine D3: A subtype of dopamine D2 receptors that are highly expressed in the LIMBIC SYSTEM of the brain.Infusion Pumps: Fluid propulsion systems driven mechanically, electrically, or osmotically that are used to inject (or infuse) over time agents into a patient or experimental animal; used routinely in hospitals to maintain a patent intravenous line, to administer antineoplastic agents and other drugs in thromboembolism, heart disease, diabetes mellitus (INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS is also available), and other disorders.Benzazepines: Compounds with BENZENE fused to AZEPINES.Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced: Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.Erectile Dysfunction: The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).Injections, Subcutaneous: Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.Flupenthixol: A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595)Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Modifications of local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose and motor behavior in rats with unilateral lesion of the subthalamic nucleus. (1/551)

Inactivation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has attracted interest as a therapeutic tool in Parkinson's disease. The functional consequences of the inactivation, however, are uncertain. In this study definition of the pattern of changes of cerebral functional activity associated with lesion of the STN and dopaminergic stimulation, by using the [14C]deoxyglucose method, was sought. Six or 7 days following unilateral lesion of the STN, the animals were divided into two groups: One group (n = 10) was administered apomorphine (1 mg/kg) subcutaneously; the second group (n = 10) received saline. The [14C]deoxyglucose procedure was initiated 10 minutes following the drug or saline injection. The results show that systemic administration of apomorphine to rats with unilateral lesion of the STN causes ipsiversive rotational behavior and asymmetries of glucose utilization of defined brain areas, including the substantia nigra reticulata, globus pallidus, and entopeduncular nucleus. These nuclei are the main targets of the subthalamic excitatory projections. Lesion of the nucleus per se (without challenge with apomorphine) has no significant consequences on glucose utilization. The findings indicate that the STN is involved in the activation of the basal ganglia output nuclei induced by systemic dopaminergic stimulation.  (+info)

Effects of tetrahydroprotoberberines on dopamine D2 receptors in ventral tegmental area of rat. (2/551)

AIM: To compare the actions of tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPB) on dopamine (DA) D2 receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of rat. METHODS: Extracellular single unit recording technique was used in i.v. gallamine-paralyzed rats. RESULTS: Eleven THPB analogs tested completely attenuated the apomorphine (Apo, 20 micrograms.kg-1)-induced inhibition on VTA DA cell firing activity. The OH group on C2 at THPB was linked with the reversal of Apo-induced inhibition. Their reversal potencies (ED50, microgram.kg-1) for D2 receptors were: THPB-143 (5.6) > SPD (8.5) > Iso (17.0) > THP (33) > THB (48) > THPB-18 (66) > THPB-1 (179) > THPB-19 (408) > THPB-126 (510) > THPB-104 (1019) > THPB-10 (4815). CONCLUSION: Among these 11 THPB, the 2-hydroxyl-THPB (THPB-143) showed the strongest antagonistic action on D2 receptors.  (+info)

Comparison of effects of haloperidol administration on amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release in the rat medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum. (3/551)

Research has shown that there are important neurochemical differences between the mesocortical and mesostriatal dopamine systems. The work reported in this paper has sought to compare the regulation of dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior caudate-putamen. In vivo microdialysis was used to recover dialysate fluid for subsequent assay for dopamine concentrations. The responses to D2 antagonist (haloperidol) administration, which has been shown to increase impulse-dependent dopamine release, were compared. Results demonstrated a diminished effect of systemic haloperidol administration on dopamine efflux in the prefrontal cortex. The responses to systemic administration of a nonimpulse-dependent, transporter-mediated, dopamine releaser (d-amphetamine) were also contrasted. Results again demonstrated a diminished pharmacological effect in the cortex. The potential interaction of stimulation of these two types of dopamine release was examined by coadministration of these compounds. Haloperidol pretreatment dramatically potentiated the dopamine-releasing effect of amphetamine administration. This effect was observed in both the cortex and the striatum. Subsequent work demonstrated that this effect of haloperidol was mediated by D2-like receptors in the prefrontal cortex. These results are discussed in relation to other neurochemical and neuroanatomical studies demonstrating sparse densities of dopamine transporter sites and dopamine D2 receptors in the cortex compared with the striatum. They demonstrate a functional correlate to the recently reported, largely extrasynaptic localization of dopamine transporter sites in the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, they demonstrate the existence of cortical D2-like autoreceptors that may normally be "silent" under basal conditions.  (+info)

Multisecond oscillations in firing rate in the basal ganglia: robust modulation by dopamine receptor activation and anesthesia. (4/551)

Multisecond oscillations in firing rate in the basal ganglia: robust modulation by dopamine receptor activation and anesthesia. Studies of CNS electrophysiology have suggested an important role for oscillatory neuronal activity in sensory perception, sensorimotor integration, and movement timing. In extracellular single-unit recording studies in awake, immobilized rats, we have found that many tonically active neurons in the entopeduncular nucleus (n = 15), globus pallidus (n = 31), and substantia nigra pars reticulata (n = 31) have slow oscillations in firing rate in the seconds-to-minutes range. Basal oscillation amplitude ranged up to +/-50% of the mean firing rate. Spectral analysis was performed on spike trains to determine whether these multisecond oscillations were significantly periodic. Significant activity in power spectra (in the 2- to 60-s range of periods) from basal spike trains was found for 56% of neurons in these three nuclei. Spectral peaks corresponded to oscillations with mean periods of approximately 30 s in each nucleus. Multisecond baseline oscillations were also found in 21% of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. The dopamine agonist apomorphine (0.32 mg/kg iv, n = 10-15) profoundly affected multisecond oscillations, increasing oscillatory frequency (means of spectral peak periods were reduced to approximately 15 s) and increasing the regularity of the oscillations. Apomorphine effects on oscillations in firing rate were more consistent from unit to unit than were its effects on mean firing rates in the entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra. Apomorphine modulation of multisecond periodic oscillations was reversed by either D1 or D2 antagonists and was mimicked by the combination of selective D1 (SKF 81297) and D2 (quinpirole) agonists. Seventeen percent of neurons had additional baseline periodic activity in a faster range (0.4-2.0 s) related to ventilation. Multisecond periodicities were rarely found in neurons in anesthetized rats (n = 29), suggesting that this phenomenon is sensitive to overall reductions in central activity. The data demonstrate significant structure in basal ganglia neuron spiking activity at unexpectedly long time scales, as well as a novel effect of dopamine on firing pattern in this slow temporal domain. The modulation of multisecond periodicities in firing rate by dopaminergic agonists suggests the involvement of these patterns in behaviors and cognitive processes that are affected by dopamine. Periodic firing rate oscillations in basal ganglia output nuclei should strongly affect the firing patterns of target neurons and are likely involved in coordinating neural activity responsible for motor sequences. Modulation of slow, periodic oscillations in firing rate may be an important mechanism by which dopamine influences motor and cognitive processes in normal and dysfunctional states.  (+info)

Disruption of latent inhibition in rats with postnatal hippocampal lesions. (5/551)

Disruption of latent inhibition has been proposed as a possible model of cognitive abnormalities that underlie positive symptoms of a schizophrenia. We tested neonatal hippocampal lesioned rats in a latent inhibition paradigm. Lesions of the ventral hippocampus were induced by bilateral injections of ibotenic acid in 7 days old rats. The behavior of lesioned rats was tested postpubertally. We found a hyperresponsiveness to dopaminergic stimulation by apomorphine in locomotion tests. Latent inhibition was tested using the acquisition of a conditioned reaction in a two-way shuttle box. Sham operated control animals showed after preexposure of the to-be-conditioned stimulus (combined tone and light stimulus) a low acquisition. Ibotenic acid lesioned animals learned the conditioned reaction with and without preexposure in the same way, indicating disturbed latent inhibition. These results demonstrate disturbances in early postnatal hippocampal lesioned rats comparable with those seen in schizophrenic patients, thus further validating this procedure as a useful animal model of some aspects of schizophrenia.  (+info)

Rat strain differences in the ability to disrupt sensorimotor gating are limited to the dopaminergic system, specific to prepulse inhibition, and unrelated to changes in startle amplitude or nucleus accumbens dopamine receptor sensitivity. (6/551)

Previous studies indicate that a variety of pharmacological agents interfere with the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (PPI) response including phencyclidine (PCP), 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), amphetamine, and apomorphine. Strain differences have been observed in the ability of apomorphine to disrupt PPI, although the degree to which these strain differences occur after administration of nondopaminergic drugs or the degree to which differences can be observed in other models of dopamine (DA) receptor activation has not been elucidated. The present study tested the effects of apomorphine, amphetamine, 8-OH-DPAT, and PCP on PPI in the Sprague Dawley and Wistar rat strains. Because apomorphine disrupts PPI via activation of DA receptors in the nucleus accumbens, apomorphine-induced hyperlocomotion, also a behavioral model of nucleus accumbens DA receptor activation, was measured in both rat strains. Administration of PCP or 8-OH-DPAT attenuated PPI in both strains, whereas apomorphine and amphetamine only attenuated PPI in Wistar rats. The ability of apomorphine to increase motor activity in the absence of a startle-eliciting stimulus was similar in the two strains, as was apomorphine-induced hyperlocomotion. A time course analysis of the effects of apomorphine on startle response in Sprague Dawley rats found that changes in the magnitude of PPI followed changes in basic startle amplitude. Similarly, no apomorphine-induced attenuation of PPI was observed in Sprague Dawley rats after 6-OHDA-induced DA receptor supersensitivity in the nucleus accumbens. These data suggest a dissociation between the effects of DA receptor agonists in PPI and other behavioral models of DA receptor activation.  (+info)

Effects of sustained phencyclidine exposure on sensorimotor gating of startle in rats. (7/551)

Phencyclidine (PCP), a non-competitive NMDA antagonist with actions at multiple other central nervous system receptors, can cause both acute and lasting psychoses in humans, and has also been used in cross-species models of psychosis. Acute exposure to PCP in rats produces behavioral changes, including a loss of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex, which parallels the loss of PPI observed in schizophrenia patients. Sustained exposure to PCP in rats produces neuropathological changes in several limbic regions and prolonged behavioral abnormalities that may parallel neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia. It is unclear whether sustained PCP exposure will also produce a loss of prepulse inhibition which parallels the decrease observed in schizophrenia patients. In the present study, we examined changes in PPI during and after sustained PCP administration, using 5-day PCP exposure via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps, or 14-day PCP exposure via repeated intraperitoneal injections. In both forms of drug delivery, PPI was disrupted during, but not after, sustained drug exposure. PPI does not appear to be sensitive to neuropathological effects of sustained PCP exposure.  (+info)

Altered activity of midbrain dopamine neurons following 7-day withdrawal from chronic cocaine abuse is normalized by D2 receptor stimulation during the early withdrawal phase. (8/551)

Using in vivo single-unit recording in rats, we compared the effects of continuous cocaine infusion via minipump or single daily injections (both 40 mg/kg/d x 14 days, S.C.) on the activity of putative dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). On days 1-5 after cocaine withdrawal, animals were further treated with single daily injections of DA agonists. On withdrawal day 7 continuous cocaine caused a reduction in spontaneously active neurons in the SNC and reduced bursting in the VTA. In contrast, intermittent cocaine resulted in an increase in the number of active neurons in the VTA. These changes were all reversed by apomorphine or quinpirole given during the first 5 withdrawal days. The D1 antagonist SCH 39166 did not antagonize the effects of apomorphine in either region. The role of D2 receptors in modulating baseline DA activity during intermediate cocaine withdrawal is discussed.  (+info)

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Apomorphine induced stereotypy, uprima apomorphine dose, apomorphine treatment, apomorphine burroughs and apomorphine apokyn for advanced parkinsons disease. Apomorphine spontane, buy cheap apomorphine, apomorphine in parkinsons disease and apomorphine intranasal or apomorphine and phentolamine.
A review of intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections for the rescue management of motor fluctuations associated with...A review of intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections for the rescue management of motor fluctuations associated with...
Twenty-one studies were included: 8 double-blind trials (n=126), six of which were of a crossover design, and 13 uncontrolled open-label studies (n=202).. Following administration of apomorphine, the decrease in daily off time from baseline ranged from 2.6 to 4 hours (6 studies) and 20.5% and 22% (2 studies) of the waking day in the open-label studies. Two studies reported that the difference was statistically significant, while six did not report a statistical comparison. The mean delay of onset ranged from 6 to 14 minutes (6 studies). The mean duration of effect ranged from 36 to 61.9 minutes (5 studies).. In the double-blind trials, all of the studies except one reported a statistically significant difference between apomorphine and placebo (8 studies) or levodopa (1 study) for motor functioning, with the improvement in favour of apomorphine. The mean delay of onset ranged from 8.1 to 22 minutes (3 studies). The mean duration of effect ranged from 56.6 to 96 minutes (2 studies).. Based on ...
Block by apomorphine of acetylcholine receptor channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes<...Block by apomorphine of acetylcholine receptor channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Block by apomorphine of acetylcholine receptor channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. AU - Nakazawa, Ken. AU - Akiyama, Takami. AU - Inoue, Kazuhide. PY - 1994/11/15. Y1 - 1994/11/15. N2 - Effects of apomorphine and other compounds related to dopamine receptors on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels were investigated by expressing functional channels in Xenopus oocytes. When channels were expressed with a combination of α3 and β4 subunits, acetylcholine activated an inward current, and apomorphine suppressed the current in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of about 3 μM. SKF38393 (R(+)-1-phehyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(1H)-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol; dopamine D1 receptor agonist; 3 and 30 μM), quinpirole (dopamine D2 receptor agonist; 30 μM), SCH23390 (R(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine; dopamine D1 receptor antagonist; 10 μM) or sulpiride (dopamine D2 receptor antagonist; 10 μM) also inhibited the ...
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In addition to their well characterized effects at dopamine receptors, neuroleptic drugs have been shown to affect the level and in vitro metabolism of neuropeptides. In the present study, the effect of acute and subchronic administration of the neuroleptic haloperidol and the nonselective, dopamine agonist apomorphine on neuropeptidase activity was determined in regional, rat brain P2 membranes. Subchronic administration of haloperidol decreased the activity of aminopeptidase N in the frontal cortex and caudate-putamen. In contrast, subchronic administration of apomorphine increased aminopeptidase N activity in the frontal cortex and caudate-putamen. Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 also was affected differentially in the caudate-putamen, but both subchronic haloperidol and apomorphine decreased neutral endopeptidase 24.11 activity in the frontal cortex. Metalloendopeptidase 24.15 activity was decreased in the caudate-putamen after acute haloperidol and increased in the frontal cortex after acute ...
apomorphine - WellSpan Health Libraryapomorphine - WellSpan Health Library
Apomorphine has some of the same effects as a chemical called dopamine, which occurs naturally in your body. Low levels of dopamine in the brain are associated with Parkinsons disease. Apomorphine is used to treat wearing-off episodes (muscle stiffness, loss of muscle control) in people with advanced Parkinsons...
apomorphine | Ligand page | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGYapomorphine | Ligand page | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY
The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. apomorphine ligand page. Quantitative data and detailed annnotation of the targets of licensed and experimental drugs.
Apomorphine - DrugBankApomorphine - DrugBank
A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.
Apomorphine | CTDApomorphine | CTD
A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use ...
Sublingual Apomorphine Effectively Manages Off Episodes in Parkinsons Disease | Global Academy for Medical EducationSublingual Apomorphine Effectively Manages Off Episodes in Parkinson's Disease | Global Academy for Medical Education
A total of 109 patients were randomized to the double-blind treatment phase, and had a mean of 3.9 off episodes per day. Participants mean age was 62.7, and 37.6% of participants were female. More than 90% of participants were white.. In all, 80 patients completed the study. The least squares mean change from predose to 30 minutes post dose for the MDS-UPDRS-III score at 12 weeks was -11.1 and -3.5 for the APL and placebo groups, respectively (mean difference, -7.6). Similar results were observed at day 1 and weeks 4 and 8.. The difference between treatment arms in motor score became significant at 15 minutes and remained significant until 90 minutes. There was a significant difference favoring APL over placebo in the percentage of patients achieving a self-rated full on response at 30 minutes post dose at week 12. A home dosing diary showed that a larger percentage of patients receiving APL were on within 30 minutes post dose (least squares mean, 78.70%), compared with controls (least squares ...
Apomorphine | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterApomorphine | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this medicine or any other medicine. Only the healthcare provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for a specific patient. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about this medicine. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this medicine. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from the healthcare provider. You must talk with the healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this medicine ...
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Comparison of automated home-cage monitoring systems: Emphasis on feeding behaviour, activity and spatial learning following...Comparison of automated home-cage monitoring systems: Emphasis on feeding behaviour, activity and spatial learning following...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Comparison of automated home-cage monitoring systems. T2 - Emphasis on feeding behaviour, activity and spatial learning following pharmacological interventions. AU - Robinson, Lianne. AU - Riedel, Gernot. PY - 2014/8/30. Y1 - 2014/8/30. N2 - Background: Different automated systems have been developed to facilitate long-term and continuous assessment of behaviours including locomotor activity, feeding behaviour and circadian activity. New method: This study assessed the effectiveness of three different observation systems as methods for determining strain and pharmacological induced differences in locomotor activity, feeding behaviour and spatial learning. The effect of the CB1 antagonist AM251 on feeding behaviour was determined in the PhenoMaster and PhenoTyper. Next, effects of cholinergic (scopolamine) and glutamatergic (Phenylcyclidine, PCP) receptor antagonism and dopaminergic agonism (apomorphine) on activity were assessed in the PhenoTyper and IntelliCage. Finally, the ...
Motor response to apomorphine and levodopa in asymmetric Parkinsons diseaseMotor response to apomorphine and levodopa in asymmetric Parkinson's disease
Subcutaneous continuous apomorphine infusion in fluctuating patients with Parkinsons disease: long-term results. Stocchi, F.; Vacca, L.; De Pandis, M. F.; Barbato, L.; Valente, M.; Ruggieri, S. // Neurological Sciences;Feb2001, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p93 Fluctuations in motor disability and dyskinesias are the major problem in the long-term treatment of Parkinsons disease (PD). Many authors and ourselves have shown that by giving patients a continuous infusion of levodopa it is possible to control motor fluctuations. Levodopa can be... ...
FDA Accepts New Drug Application for Sublingual Apomorphine to Treat Motor Fluctuations - Practical NeurologyFDA Accepts New Drug Application for Sublingual Apomorphine to Treat Motor Fluctuations - Practical Neurology
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted a new drug application (NDA) for apomorphine sublingual film (APL-130277; Sunovion, Marlborough, M
Clinical Trial of Apomorphine Subcutaneous Infusion in Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease - Full Text View -...Clinical Trial of Apomorphine Subcutaneous Infusion in Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease - Full Text View -...
The least squares mean reduction (improvement) in OFF time as reported by the patient using the Hauser Parkinsons disease home diary. Patients categorised their motor symptoms into OFF, ON with dyskinesia, ON without troublesome dyskinesia or sleeping using half hour blocks over 24 hours. Daily OFF time was computed from the average of valid motor diaries from the two days preceding each visit. Correct diary completion was evaluated during screening and observed by the investigator to ensure patients could categorise their motor symptoms correctly. A diary was considered valid if no more than 4 half-hour periods were either absent or duplicated. There were no invalid diaries at Baseline or Week 12 ...
7-(4-[4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (OPC-14597), a new putative antipsychotic...7-(4-[4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (OPC-14597), a new putative antipsychotic...
The effects of 7-(4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-2 (1H)- quinolinone (OPC-14597), a derivative of the dopamine (DA) autoreceptor agonist 7-(3-[4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)piperazinyl]propoxy)-2(1H)-quinolinone (OPC-4392), on DA receptors were biochemically and behaviorally studied and compared with those of OPC-4392. Both OPC-14597 and OPC-4392 inhibited reserpine- and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL)-induced increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the mouse and rat brain. The effects of OPC-14597 were comparable to those of OPC-4392 and were completely antagonized by haloperidol. OPC-14597, unlike apomorphine, did not evoke postsynaptic DA receptor-stimulating behavioral signs such as hyperlocomotion in the reserpinized mice and contralateral rotation in rats with unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Both OPC-14597 and OPC-4392 inhibited such apomorphine-induced postsynaptic behavioral changes as stereotypy and hyperlocomotion in mice and rats and rotation in ...
N,N-dibutyldopamine hydrobromide | DA agonist | CAS [65273-67-8] - [68671-30-7] | Axon 1061 | Axon Ligand™ with |99% purity...N,N-dibutyldopamine hydrobromide | DA agonist | CAS [65273-67-8] - [68671-30-7] | Axon 1061 | Axon Ligand™ with |99% purity...
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Most recent papers in the journal Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry | Read by QxMDMost recent papers in the journal Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry | Read by QxMD
R)-Apomorphine (1) has the potential to reduce the accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ42), a causative agent of Alzheimers disease (AD). Although the inhibition of Aβ42 aggregation by 1 is ascribable to the antioxidative effect of its phenol moiety, its inhibitory mechanism at the molecular level remains to be fully elucidated. LC-MS and UV analyses revealed that 1 is autoxidized during incubation to produce an unstable o-quinone form (2), which formed a Michael adduct with Lys 16 and 28 of Aβ42. A further autoxidized form of 1 (3) with o-quinone and phenanthrene moieties suppressed Aβ42 aggregation comparable to 1, whereas treating 1 with a reductant, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine diminished its inhibitory activity ...
Hot wiring humans | The Times & The Sunday TimesHot wiring humans | The Times & The Sunday Times
Susan is putting herself through this drastic operation for a very modest reason: she wants her old life back. Her symptoms have been controlled in recent years with a drug called apomorphine, involving the insertion every morning of a needle into her stomach controlled by a pump, which is cumbersome and often lets her down.. She is to receive two electrode implants deep in her brain, to be attached to wires that will run under her skin to a miniature battery-operated pulse generator that will be sewn into her chest. The electrodes will permanently stimulate cells deep in her brain to alleviate her symptoms. Amazingly, she will remain awake throughout the procedure: the best indication that things have not gone to plan - a haemorrhage, for…. ...
Cynapsus Therapeutics Inc. : Cynapsus Therapeutics APL 130277 For Parkinsons Chosen As One Of The Top Ten Neurology Projects...Cynapsus Therapeutics Inc. : Cynapsus Therapeutics' APL 130277 For Parkinson's Chosen As One Of The Top Ten Neurology Projects...
TORONTO--(Marketwire - Oct 29, 2012) - October 29, 2012 -Independent Committee Selects Cynapsus Novel Sublingual formulation of Apomorphine, as One of the Most Promising CNS Candidates- TORONTO, CANADA - Cynapsus Therapeutics Inc. (CTH: TSX V) today announced that its APL-130277 for Parkinsons was recognized as one of the Top Ten...
Enhancement of apomorphine-induced penile erection in the rat by a selective alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist.Enhancement of apomorphine-induced penile erection in the rat by a selective alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist.
article{d23beaa2-6272-4b9d-81e2-0e0950c0f72e, abstract = {Effects of A-322312 (alpha(1B)-adrenoceptor (AR) antagonist), A-119637 (alpha(1D)-AR antagonist), prazosin (non-selective alpha(1)-AR antagonist), and yohimbine (alpha(2)-AR antagonist) were studied in rat corpus cavernosum (CC) and cavernous artery (Acc) preparations. Effects of intracavernous (i.c.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of alpha(1)-AR antagonists on apomorphine-induced erections were investigated. A-119637 attenuated electrically induced contractions in isolated CC (-logIC(50); 8.12+/-0.15), and relaxed noradrenaline (NA)-contracted preparations by more than 90% at 10(-7) M. At the same concentration, the -logEC(50) value for NA in Acc was altered from 6.79+/-0.07 to 4.86+/-0.13. In the CC and Acc, prazosin similarily inhibited contractile responses. Inhibitory effects of A-322312 (10(-7) M) in electrically activated CC were 32.3+/-5.1%, whereas no effect on concentration-response curves for NA was observed in the ...
Effects of d-amphetamine and apomorphine upon operant-behavior and schedule-induced licking in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine...Effects of d-amphetamine and apomorphine upon operant-behavior and schedule-induced licking in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine...
After training under a fixed-interval 60 sec schedule of food presentation in the presence of a water tube (to permit schedule-induced licking), groups of rats received either 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA)(8 micrograms base/2 microliters) or 0.2% ascorbate-0.9% saline vehicle bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens. 6-OHDA produced greater than 80% depletion of the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine and the dopamine metabolite dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, but nonsignificant depletions in the corpus striatum. The behavior of the groups treated with 6-OHDA ("lesion") and vehicle ("sham") was assessed for up to 58 days postoperatively. In the first few days after 6-OHDA, the lesion group showed reductions in high rates of responding toward the end and in high rates of licking at the beginning of the fixed-interval. However, licking was increased during later portions of the fixed interval in the lesion group. d-Amphetamine (0.25-2.0 mg/kg) ...
How Much Zofran Can I TakeHow Much Zofran Can I Take
Zofran (Ondansetron) - Side Effects, Dosage, Interactions - Drugs ODT, do not remove the tablet from its foil pocket until just before you take it. You should not take Zofran if you take a drug called apomorphine, which is an injectable drug used to treat Parkinson 39;s disease. The combination of apomorphine and ondansetron can cause dangerously low blood pressure. ZOFRAN 4MG TABLETS tablets. Other medicines and Zofran Please tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist if you are taking or have recently taken or might take other medicines. This includes medicines that you buy without a prescription and herbal medicines. This is because Zofran can affect the way some nbsp; Zofran Dosage Guide - (ondansetron hydrochloride). Includes dose adjustments, warnings and precautions. Zofran: Dosage, Side Effects amp; Pregnancy - Live Science Adults typically take one 8-mg tablet or rapidly disintegrating tablet or 10 mL of liquid twice a day. For patients ages 12 and older, the dosage is the same as for ...
APOMORPHINUM. - THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PURE MATERIA MEDICA By TIMOTHY F. ALLEN, A.M., M.D.APOMORPHINUM. - THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PURE MATERIA MEDICA By TIMOTHY F. ALLEN, A.M., M.D.
Presented by M di-T. APOMORPHINUM.. A substance obtained from morphine (differing only from morphine in having one less equivalent of water). Formula, C17H17NO2. (Morphine is C17H19NO3.). Authority. J. B. Victor Victor Bourgeois, de LApomorphine, un nouvel m tique, monograph, Paris, 1874.. CASE I. Injection of three milligrammes of Apomorphine; no result. ► October 26, 9.20 A.M. M. Lachize injected into the outer portion of my left arm three milligrammes of Apomorphine. I placed a thermometer in the axilla. ► 9.20. Pulse 60, respiration 16, thermometer 36.8 . ► 9.23. No especial sensation; pulse 72, thermometer 36.8 , respiration 16. ► 9.25. *Violent inclination to vomit; feeling of heat all over, but especially in the head; face congested; pulse 92, thermometer 36.9 , respiration 20. ► 9.28 No change; pulse 96, thermometer 36.9 , respiration 22. ► 9.30. Pulse slightly irregular; less nausea; pulse 80, thermometer 36.9 , respiration 20. ► 9.33. Pulse 84, thermometer 36.9 , ...
Both early and late apoptotic blebs are taken up by DC and induce IL-6 production.Both early and late apoptotic blebs are taken up by DC and induce IL-6 production.
During apo blebs, containing nuclear components, are formed at the cells surfaces. When these blebs separate from the dying cell an apo cell body remains. The contents of apo blebs are modified and can be released, especially in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) since impaired clearance of apo material has been observed in this autoimmune condition. Accordingly, autoantibodies present in subjects with SLE bind to apo blebs. Based on AnxA5 binding, and permeability for PI, we show that apo blebs can be categorized as early (AnxA5(+)/PI(- )) or late (AnxA5(+)/PI(+)) apo ones. Both forms of blebs contain apo-induced chromatin modifications and are efficiently phagocytosed by dendritic cell (DC). Uptake by DC of late, but also early apo blebs, stimulate DC to produce IL-6. This bleb-induced effect on DC may be an important step in the initiation of the autoimmune responses in SLE ...
Tablets causing vomiting: a list of emetic drugsTablets causing vomiting: a list of emetic drugs
Treatment of alcoholism with apomorphine is not less than 7 days, in some cases, the period may be extended before the appearance of intolerance to alcohol.. Gag reflex when drinking alcohol appear as a defensive reaction of the human body, which aims to eliminate toxic substances. The metabolites of ethanol in the liver lead to a General poisoning of the body. In these cases, prescribe medication to clear the stomach and prevent intoxication.. ...
Piribedil dihydrochloride | AbcamPiribedil dihydrochloride | Abcam
Buy Piribedil dihydrochloride (CAS 1451048-94-4), a water soluble D2/D3 dopamine receptor agonist. Join researchers using high quality Piribedil…
Mismatch negativity is not correlated with neuroendocrine indicators of catecholaminergic activity in healthy subjects. -...Mismatch negativity is not correlated with neuroendocrine indicators of catecholaminergic activity in healthy subjects. -...
en] The identification of the brain structures and neurotransmitters responsible for the generation and/or modulation of the mismatch negativity (MMN) may contribute to a clearer understanding of its functional significance, and may have clinical implications. In this context, some findings suggest that the scalp-recorded MMN reflects activity from multiple neuronal ensembles within or in the immediate vicinity of the primary auditory cortex and with possible contribution from the frontal cortex. However, few data are available concerning the influence of neurotransmitter systems on the MMN. In this study, the relationship between both noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems and the MMN were investigated in 34 healthy volunteers. Noradrenergic and dopaminergic activities were assessed with the apomorphine and clonidine challenge tests. The results showed no significant relationship between either growth hormone (GH) responses to apomorphine or clonidine and the MMN amplitude or latency. ...
Treatment of female sexual dysfunction - Pentech Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Treatment of female sexual dysfunction - Pentech Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Sexual dysfunction in human females can be ameliorated, without substantial undesirable side effects, by sublingual administration of apomorphine dosage forms. Administration of apomorphine increases
Inhibition of 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20 lyase reduces gating deficits consequent to dopaminergic activationInhibition of 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20 lyase reduces gating deficits consequent to dopaminergic activation
Cogent evidence points to the involvement of neurosteroids in the regulation of dopamine (DA) neurotransmission and signaling, yet the neurobiological bases of this link remain poorly understood. We previously showed that inhibition of 5α-reductase (5αR), a key neurosteroidogenic enzyme, attenuates the sensorimotor gating deficits induced by DA receptor activation, as measured by the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex. To extend these findings, the present study was aimed at the assessment of the role of other key neurosteroidogenic enzymes in PPI, such as 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20 lyase (CYP17A1), 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), in Sprague-Dawley rats. The PPI deficits induced by the DAergic non-selective agonist apomorphine (APO, 0.25 mg/kg, SC) were dose-dependently attenuated by the selective CYP17A1 inhibitor abiraterone (ABI, 10-50 mg/kg, IP) in a fashion akin to that of the 5αR inhibitor finasteride (FIN, 100 mg/kg, IP). These systemic effects were ...
Does genetic BDNF deficiency in rats interact with neurotransmitter control of prepulse inhibition? Implications for...Does genetic BDNF deficiency in rats interact with neurotransmitter control of prepulse inhibition? Implications for...
Several studies have suggested a role of BDNF in the development of schizophrenia. For example, post-mortem studies have shown significantly reduced levels of BDNF protein expression in the brain of schizophrenia patients. We investigated the relationship between reduced levels of BDNF in the brain and the regulation of prepulse inhibition (PPI), a behavioral endophenotype of schizophrenia. We used BDNF heterozygous mutant rats which display a 50% decrease of mature BDNF protein levels. Previously, we observed normal baseline PPI and responses to the dopamine D1/D2 receptor agonist, apomorphine, in these rats. Here, we focused on the effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, its interaction with mGluR2/3 and mGluR5 receptors, and the PPI response to serotonergic drugs. MK-801 administration caused a dose-dependent reduction of PPI and increase of startle amplitudes. Baseline PPI and the effect of 0.02-0.1mg/kg of MK-801 were not significantly altered in male or female BDNF heterozygous rats,
Internal Pudendal Artery Anatomy, Function & Diagram | Body MapsInternal Pudendal Artery Anatomy, Function & Diagram | Body Maps
The internal pudendal artery serves oxygenated blood to the external genitalia of both males and females. It branches from the internal iliac artery. This artery tends to be smaller in women and some of the branches of the artery are specific to each sex.
3-(dipropylamino)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-8-ol hydrochloride | DA agonist | CAS [109140-45-6] - [112904-74-2] | Axon 1047 |...3-(dipropylamino)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-8-ol hydrochloride | DA agonist | CAS [109140-45-6] - [112904-74-2] | Axon 1047 |...
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Report on the MSSVD Spring meeting, Belfast, 24-26 May 2001 | Sexually Transmitted InfectionsReport on the MSSVD Spring meeting, Belfast, 24-26 May 2001 | Sexually Transmitted Infections
A reception and tour of City Hall followed.. In Friday mornings plenary session, Dr Phil Kell told us "Whats new in the management of erectile dysfunction." On the horizon is sublingual apomorphine, effective in 40 minutes, and with fewer interactions than sildenafil.. There was an entertaining debate of the motion "This house believes that education and counselling cannot produce significant and lasting changes in sexual behaviour." Dr Oliver Davidson speaking against the motion persuaded the house to change from 72 for and 77 against to 55 for and 92 against, after the debate.. A McOwan and colleagues presented the result of their postal survey of four central London primary care groups. Of the 120 replies received (51% response rate), 85% categorised themselves as currently offering level 1 service in the sexual health strategy. Only 11% wish to offer level 2 service for the future. Interestingly, only 2% of these general practitioners surveyed would currently look to another general ...
Spears/korea teen girl stripdance britney spears do somethin, Xalatan eye drops priceSpears/korea teen girl stripdance britney spears do somethin, Xalatan eye drops price
Intravenous apomorphine therapy in Parkinsons disease: clinical and pharmacokinetic observations. I located a number on the back of my tower, but it wasnt the correct one. Our cafe complements the towns buzzing vibe in the summer and during the winter offers a place where you can unwind over unique cocktails and meals, live music shows, kids activities and so much more. Urinary frequency and functional bladder capacity improved more in the amitriptyline group, opposite cost of hyzaar but the difference was not statistically significant? Therefore, when discontinuance of propranolol is planned, the dosage should be gradually reduced over at least a few weeks, and the patient should be cautioned against interruption or cessation of therapy without the physicians advice. Keep using this amount till the cancer is eliminated? Without that understanding, it will be difficult to control the Candida "monster"? During the first year, I had faith in God that i would be healed somedayThis virus started ...
A Review Of dog pain relief sprayA Review Of dog pain relief spray
Antifreeze (ethylene glycol), as a result of its sweet flavor, poses an Extraordinary Threat of poisoning to dogs and cats if ingested. Even an exceedingly small sum like a tablespoon can certainly show deadly. The antifreeze alone is not toxic, but is metabolized by means of the liver to the toxins glycolate and oxalate, which cause intoxication and vomiting, metabolic acidosis, and finally acute kidney failure resulting in seizures and Demise. By the time clinical signs are noticed, the kidneys are often way too weakened for the Doggy to survive so acting quickly is vital. Fast treatments include things like inducing vomiting by using dog pain pills tramadol apomorphine or dilute hydrogen peroxide Answer (if This may be done shortly after ingestion), but these simply decrease the volume absorbed - instant veterinary treatment continues to be normally critical due to high toxicity with dog growing pain the compound ...
reportoctober09.htm - aubertisareportoctober09.htm - aubertisa
Le Temps des Naguals - Autour de Burroughs et Gysin" is an anthology of texts unpublished in France. It gathers writings by William Burroughs, Brion Gysin, Victor Bockris, Bill Rich, Isabelle Aubert-Baudron, interviews of Ramuntcho Matta, and many colour illustrations, among them portraits realized by Jean-Marc Vincent and illustrations by Paul ODonovan.. This book was written to communicate a view of Burroughs and Gysin which they transmitted of themselves to people who knew them, and to bring to light certain aspects of their works neglected until now, among them the exploration of levels of "non ordinary reality", and domains of researches which they had undertaken, on the dreamachine or Doctor John Dents apomorphine cure. Some of these researches were pursued, reproduced and experimented on the scale of the Interzone network, since August, 2007.. " Le Temps des Naguals - Autour de Burroughs and Gysin " is the first one of nine volumes of the anthology of Interzones writings The other ...
Internal pudendal vein | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.orgInternal pudendal vein | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
The internal pudendal veins are the set of accompanying veins to the internal pudendal artery draining the perineal region to empty into the internal iliac vein. Gross Anatomy Tributaries inferior rectal veins males penile bulb and scrotum v...
Angioemboliziation of Internal Pudendal Artery for Treatment of Long Lasting Gross Hematuria After Transurethral Resection of...Angioemboliziation of Internal Pudendal Artery for Treatment of Long Lasting Gross Hematuria After Transurethral Resection of...
Angioemboliziation of Internal Pudendal Artery for Treatment of Long Lasting Gross Hematuria After Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
Alzheimers disease - WikipediaAlzheimer's disease - Wikipedia
As of 2014[update], the safety and efficacy of more than 400 pharmaceutical treatments had been or were being investigated in over 1,500 clinical trials worldwide, and approximately a quarter of these compounds are in Phase III trials, the last step prior to review by regulatory agencies.[250] On the other hand, in the decade 2002-2012, 244 compounds were assessed in Phase I, Phase II, or Phase III trials, and only one of these (memantine) received FDA approval (though others were still in the pipeline).[251]. One area of clinical research is focused on treating the underlying disease pathology. Reduction of beta-amyloid levels is a common target of compounds[252] (such as apomorphine) under investigation. Immunotherapy or vaccination for the amyloid protein is one treatment modality under study.[253] Unlike preventative vaccination, the putative therapy would be used to treat people already diagnosed. It is based upon the concept of training the immune system to recognise, attack, and reverse ...
A Gnawing Feeling In My StomachA Gnawing Feeling In My Stomach
Of late, I have overwhelmingly been experiencing this. It feels a bit better when I am curled up into a ball, but thats hardly conducive to getting w
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus: effectiveness in advanced Parkinsons disease patients previously reliant on...Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus: effectiveness in advanced Parkinson's disease patients previously reliant on...
This case series confirms the findings of previous reports that bilateral STN DBS is an effective treatment for patients with advanced Parkinsons disease.5-,9 Significant improvements were seen in all parkinsonian symptoms. In patients previously reliant on apomorphine infusion, this surgical intervention enabled four of six patients either to dispense with apomorphine or to switch from an infusion to a lower dose given as intermittent subcutaneous injections. This has resulted in a great improvement in the patients and carers quality of life. Longer follow up of these patients is required to determine if this initial improvement at six months is maintained.. The practice at our centre of using apomorphine infusion as a treatment for motor fluctuations is such that the patients presented here were at a more advanced stage compared with other previously reported groups. Thus the mean (SD) UPDRS part III (motor score) preoperatively off medication was in general higher in our series at 74.3 ...
Screen-Play | Critique de Gangster SquadScreen-Play | Critique de Gangster Squad
How Animals Move generic cialis from india Treatment involves IV fluids NPO correction of electrolyte imbalances espe cially hypokalemia nasogastric suction if necessary and placement of a long tube if ileus persists postoperatively.The therapeutic potential of subcutaneous apomorphine however seems to be limited mainly because of frequently occurring side effects.stomyIn laboratory studies of dogs the antibiotics that reached the highest concentrations in the prostate were erythromycin clindamycin Cleocin and trimethoprim Proloprim.Since it is a workbooktext combination you engage and interact on practically every through writing and reviewing terms labeling diagrams and answering questions.Quick Hit Differential diagnosis of hand numbness as seen in carpal tunnel syndrome Cervical radiculopathy nerve root compression in the cervical spine Peripheral neuropathy diabetes Median nerve compression in forearm Quick Hit A negative Phalens test or Tinel s sign does not exclude carpal tunnel syndrome. ...
Galantamine and donepezil attenuate pharmacologically induced deficits in prepulse inhibition in rats<...Galantamine and donepezil attenuate pharmacologically induced deficits in prepulse inhibition in rats<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Galantamine and donepezil attenuate pharmacologically induced deficits in prepulse inhibition in rats. AU - Hohnadel, Elizabeth. AU - Bouchard, Kristy. AU - Terry, Alvin V. PY - 2007/2/1. Y1 - 2007/2/1. N2 - Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are currently being evaluated as adjunctive therapy for the cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenia. This core symptom of schizophrenia has often been attributed to impaired attention and abnormal sensory motor gating, features that are also found in Huntingtons Disease, autism, and several other psychiatric and neurological disorders. The ability to improve prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response may predict the efficacy of compounds as cognitive enhancers. In this study, PPI was disrupted in Wistar rats in three pharmacologic models: dopamine receptor agonism by apomorphine, NMDA receptor antagonism by MK801, or muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonism by scopolamine. We then evaluated the commonly used AChEIs, ...
Pfizer Inc. - AnalysisPfizer Inc. - Analysis
File No. 021 0192, and Docket No. C-4075. The Federal Trade Commission (Commission) has accepted, subject to final approval, an Agreement Containing Consent Orders (Consent Agreement) from Pfizer Inc. (Pfizer) and Pharmacia Corporation (Pharmacia) which is designed to remedy the anticompetitive effects of the acquisition of Pharmacia by Pfizer. Under the terms of the proposed Consent Agreement, the companies would be required to: (1) divest all of Pfizers worldwide rights and assets relating to its overactive bladder drug, darifenacin, to Novartis AG; (2) divest Pfizers worldwide rights and assets relating to its combination hormone replacement therapy, femhrt, to Galen Holdings plc; (3) return to Nastech Pharmaceutical Company, Inc. all rights to make, use, and sell Nastechs intranasal apomorphine product (IN APO) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction; (4) divest all of Pharmacias rights and assets in the field of sexual dysfunction relating to its D2 dopamine receptor ...
Side effects of cialis on women Cialis effect on women. Side effects of cialis. Cialis for women side effects.Side effects of cialis on women Cialis effect on women. Side effects of cialis. Cialis for women side effects.
events were reported to occur during or shortly after sexual activity,And a few were reported to occur shortly after the use of cialis without sexual. cialis for women is still under research, what are the alternatives? use of cialis, to the patients underlying risk factors for hearing loss, a. the use of drug therapy such as hormones (androgens, estrogens, ospemifene, tibolone), phosphodiesterase inhibitors (viagra, cialis, levitra), psychotropic agents (apomorphine, bupropion, buspirone, flibanserin), and herbal supplements have shown limited and conflicting evidence of usefulness, and are associated with side effects. women with low sex drive are usually recommended to embrace their sexuality and change their attitude towards sex and their partners, maybe try something new in bed, engage in longer foreplay, etc. serious side effects may include:redness or warmth in your face, neck, or chest;cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, sneezing, or sore throat;headache;memory problems;diarrhea, upset ...
a and b) Evaluations of stereotyped behaviors of exper | Open-ia and b) Evaluations of stereotyped behaviors of exper | Open-i
(a and b) Evaluations of stereotyped behaviors of experimental rats during an 8-week period. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. (n = 10 rats/group). The ini
H31 Prepulse Inhibition | BIOPACH31 Prepulse Inhibition | BIOPAC
This lesson requires a Biopac Student Lab (BSL) System and the following hardware. If your BSL System does not include all hardware items, expand your system by selecting required items below. For more details, review the Lesson: L# BSL Lessons - see the Lab Manual or launch BSL; A# and H# BSL PRO Lessons, click the PDF link above to review full setup, recording, and analysis procedures.. ...
Szilard Voros, MD, Q12: Is Cycloset under-appreciated for CV benefits?Szilard Voros, MD, Q12: Is Cycloset under-appreciated for CV benefits?
Szilard Voros, MD, discusses the drug Cycloset (a central dopamine agonist) and its possibilities for improving both cardiovascular and diabetic health.
6 Ways to Soothe Your Babys Teething Process6 Ways to Soothe Your Baby's Teething Process
Teething is a painful process for baby. Gnawing, puffy gums, excessive drooling and ear pulling are some of the signs of baby teething.
Erase Stress for GoodErase Stress for Good
Feeling a little...on edge? Stop gnawing that pencil and try sharpening your serenity skills. As youll discover, the secrets to real calm are written within.
Effects of central dopamine depletion on the d-amphetamine discriminative stimulus in rats<...Effects of central dopamine depletion on the d-amphetamine discriminative stimulus in rats<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of central dopamine depletion on the d-amphetamine discriminative stimulus in rats. AU - Woolverton, William L.. AU - Cervo, Luigi. PY - 1986/6. Y1 - 1986/6. N2 - The discriminative stimulus properties of d-amphetamine, cocaine, and apomorphine were assessed in rats trained in a two-lever, food-reinforced drug discrimination paradigm to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine from saline. After determination of these dose-response relationships, the rats were divided into two groups. One group (6-OHDA) was given injections of desmethylimipramine (DMI, 30 mg/kg, IP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 100 μg/10 μl each ventricle), while the other group (sham) was given the same dose of DMI and 6-OHDA vehicle (intraventricularly). Beginning approximately 45 days after intraventricular injections, dose-response relationships were redetermined for all three drugs. Larger doses of d-amphetamine were required to elicit the same response in the 6-OHDA group (i.e. the dose-response ...
A Post Marketing Observational Study of Activities of Daily Living in Advanced Parkinson's Disease Patients With Early...A Post Marketing Observational Study of Activities of Daily Living in Advanced Parkinson's Disease Patients With Early...
Data are recorded from visits most closely aligned with the planned periods of Visit 0 (V0): Baseline (After decision to use the temporary naso-duodenal tube (approximately 2-14 days) and after signature of the Patient Authorization/Informed Consent Form); Visit 1 (V1): At discharge from hospital; Visit 2 (V2): 3 months after discharge; Visit 3 (V3): 6 months after discharge; Visit 4 (V4): 12 months after discharge.. All participants have a temporary naso-duodenal tube used initially with the infusion pump to determine if the participant responds favorably to this method of treatment and to optimize the dose of Duodopa before permanent treatment is started.. Participants who choose a treatment other than Duodopa after the temporary naso-duodenal test phase are considered for the Standard of Care group. Participants who go on to select Apomorphine pump or Deep Brain Stimulation at any stage are not eligible to continue in this group or to continue in the observational period of ...
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The organization of the central neuronal circuitry that produces vomiting was explored by mapping the distribution of c-fos protein (Fos)-like immunoreactivity (FLI) as a monitor of functional activity. The brainstem and spinal cord were examined in cats administered multiple emetic drugs (cisplatin, lobeline, protoveratrine, naloxone, apomorphine) or control saline injections. Some animals were decerebrated, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated to avoid possible Fos expression induced by sensory feedback or fluid depletion during vomiting. Fictive vomiting was identified in these animals by a characteristic pattern of respiratory muscle nerve (phrenic and abdominal) coactivation. Tissues were immunoprocessed using an antibody raised against amino acids 1-131 of Fos and the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method. Enhanced nuclear FLI was observed in experimental animals along portions of the sensorimotor emetic reflex arc, including the nodose ganglia, area postrema, nuclei of the solitary ...
Schizophrenia Daily News Blog: Single Gene Cause Schizophrenia?Schizophrenia Daily News Blog: Single Gene Cause Schizophrenia?
Could schizophrenia arise from a single gene defect?. Researchers have long puzzled over the apparently multiple causes of complex developmental disorders such as schizophrenia. Individuals seem to be predisposed to the disease by a tragic, mysterious combination of genetics, prenatal trauma, viral infection, and early experience. And its array of symptoms--including hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and antisocial behavior--has defied simple explanation.. In experiments with rats, however, researchers led by led by Gerard J.M. Martens of the Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS) have demonstrated that such seemingly diverse combinations of symptoms can arise from a subtle imbalance in the activity of a single gene whose protein plays a key role in neural development.. The researchers studied the genetic differences between rats bred to be either resistant or susceptible to the drug apomorphine. A long history of studies has revealed that apomorphine-susceptible rats show many ...
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Since then (3 months later), I havent regretted my decision, though I do question it from time to time. My endurance has increased, my eating and sleeping patterns have improved (by necessity), and Im gradually becoming more consistent in both exercise and results. Im generally training alone, but Ive already made a few friends along the way. And except for a new and gnawing pain in my hip, I feel more healthy than I have in years ...
Motor fluctuations due to interaction between dietary protein and levodopa in Parkinsons disease | Journal of Clinical...Motor fluctuations due to interaction between dietary protein and levodopa in Parkinson's disease | Journal of Clinical...
The modulation of levodopa transport across the blood brain barrier by large neutral amino acids is well documented. Protein limitation and protein redistribution diets may improve motor fluctuations in patients with Parkinsons disease but the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levodopa and amino acids are highly variable. Clinical records of 1037 Parkinsons disease patients were analyzed to determine the proportion of patients with motor fluctuations related to protein interaction with levodopa. Motor fluctuations due to protein interaction with levodopa were defined as dietary protein being associated with (i) longer time to levodopa effectiveness, (ii) reduced benefit or duration of benefit, (iii) dose failures or (iv) earlier wearing off from a previously effective dose. Dose failures, sudden, painful or behavioral wearing-off periods, gait freezing, nausea, hallucinations, orthostasis, and dyskinesias were taken as markers of motor fluctuations, disease severity, and levodopa side effects
Prevalence Of Internal Pudendal Artery Disease In Patients With Erectile Dysfunction Undergoing Diagnostic Coronary Angiography...Prevalence Of Internal Pudendal Artery Disease In Patients With Erectile Dysfunction Undergoing Diagnostic Coronary Angiography...
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Post-transcriptional protein synthesis by GH3 cloned pituitary cells, which secrete prolactin and growth hormone, is dependent on Ca2+. The effects of antagonists of prolactin secretion were examined on overall protein synthesis in GH3 cells as a function of cellular Ca2+ depletion and restoration at varying concentrations of extracellular Ca2+. Leucine incorporation by Ca2+-depleted cells during short incubations was reduced by 80-90%. Trifluoperazine at micromolar concentrations inhibited leucine incorporation in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The extent of inhibition varied with extracellular Ca2+ concentration and was fully reversed at higher Ca2+ concentrations. Similar patterns of inhibition of leucine incorporation were observed with nifedipine, verapamil, calmidazolium, chlorpromazine, bromocriptine, ergotamine, and the (+)- and (-)-isomers of butaclamol, but dopamine, apomorphine, and chlorpromazine sulfoxide were not inhibitory. Muscarinic agonists decreased incorporation in a Ca2+-dependent ...
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Like all Martin Scorsese pictures, his newest, Shutter Island, is chiefly about sin. How it helps to define the human condition, how it affects the protagonist in life and the detrimental value it has to the eternal soul. Catholic filmmakers have varying ways of addressing sin and most pointedly guilt-but Scorseses pictures are laced with it like a poisonous substance hidden in a cinematic tonic. As he has aged, Scorseses films have become increasingly somber in tone. No longer is the rabidly gnawing theme allowed to remain a largely unspoken undercurrent beneath the characterizations and their journeys but it has emerged, front and center, as the monstrous entity meriting its own blunt manifestation. Consequently, Scorseses films have become ostensibly more garish, brassy and intentionally meretricious. Whether it be an aging Scorseses shift into the darkest underbelly of city life juxtaposed with deeply religious iconography and sacrificial angst (Bringing Out the Dead); his ...
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Parkinsons disease (PD) and Alzheimers disease (AD) are neurodegenerative disorders that mainly affect the elderly population. It is believed that oxidative stress is involved in development of both these diseases and that estrogen deficiency is a risk factor for development of AD. Genistein is a plant-derived compound that is similar in structure to estrogen and has anti-oxidative properties. The general objective of the present research was to evaluate the effects of genistein on neurodegeneration in rat models of PD and AD.. Using a rat model of PD, we found that a single intraperitoneal dose of genistein 1 h before intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) attenuated apomorphine-induced rotational behavior and protected the neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta against 6-OHDA toxicity.. To produce an animal model of AD, we injected Aβ1-40 into the hippocampus of rats. Using groups of these Aβ1-40-lesioned animals, the involvement of estrogen receptors (ERs) was evaluated ...
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Parkinsons disease (PD) and Alzheimers disease (AD) are neurodegenerative disorders that mainly affect the elderly population. It is believed that oxidative stress is involved in development of both these diseases and that estrogen deficiency is a risk factor for development of AD. Genistein is a plant-derived compound that is similar in structure to estrogen and has anti-oxidative properties. The general objective of the present research was to evaluate the effects of genistein on neurodegeneration in rat models of PD and AD.. Using a rat model of PD, we found that a single intraperitoneal dose of genistein 1 h before intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) attenuated apomorphine-induced rotational behavior and protected the neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta against 6-OHDA toxicity.. To produce an animal model of AD, we injected Aβ1-40 into the hippocampus of rats. Using groups of these Aβ1-40-lesioned animals, the involvement of estrogen receptors (ERs) was evaluated ...
Prognosis of Parkinsons disease: Time to stage III, IV, V, and to motor fluctuations - Sato - 2006 - Movement Disorders -...Prognosis of Parkinson's disease: Time to stage III, IV, V, and to motor fluctuations - Sato - 2006 - Movement Disorders -...
Sato, K., Hatano, T., Yamashiro, K., Kagohashi, M., Nishioka, K., Izawa, N., Mochizuki, H., Hattori, N., Mori, H. and Mizuno, Y. (2006), Prognosis of Parkinsons disease: Time to stage III, IV, V, and to motor fluctuations. Mov. Disord., 21: 1384-1395. doi: 10.1002/mds.20993 ...
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dear netters I posted this a while ago to the immunology group but did not get any reply. So I try it here. what exactly are murine DA cells *source of HILDA,LIF. Are DA/1 and DA/3 cells the same cells or subclones? Are DA cells a model system for BFU-E in culture? Any help, references etc. appreciated. thanks Horst ...
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Piribedil therapy in Parkinsons disease. Use of the drug in t...Piribedil therapy in Parkinson's disease. Use of the drug in t...
Piribedil therapy in Parkinsons disease. Use of the drug in the retard form.: We conducted a 20-week nonblind study to evaluate the efficacy of piribedil in 30
What is the role of medications in the treatment of prolactinomas?What is the role of medications in the treatment of prolactinomas?
The drugs that are effective in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia are DA agonists. DA is the primary physiologic inhibitor of PRL secretion; however, DA is not used for treatment, because it does no... more
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5-HT1a receptor agonists for extending "on-time" and alleviating motor fluctuations in the treatment of Parkinsons disease (use patent ...
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Bromocriptine and the recently withdrawn pergolide are ergot derivatives and may rarely cause retroperitoneal, pulmonary, and pericardial fibrosis, and cardiac valvulopathies. Pramipexole and ropinirole have half-lives 6-12 hours and are therefore taken 2-3 times daily.. Pramipexole and ropinirole Pramipexole and ropinirole are not ergot compounds. Large clinical trials comparing these medications to levodopa showed that they can be used in early Parkinsons disease and reduce the severity of symptoms. Over the years, differences in the effects of the dopamine agonists have emerged. One side effect is daytime sleepiness and "sleep attacks." Although this may occur with all of the dopamine agonists (and levodopa), it was first appreciated in people treated with pramipexole.. Apomorphine Apomorphineis indicated in patients who experience "off states"refractory to modifications of oral medications such as increasing the dose or frequency of dopaminergic medications or introducting a COMT inhibitor. ...
Effects of JL13, a pyridobenzoxazepine with potential atypical antipsychotic activity, in animal models for schizophrenia.Effects of JL13, a pyridobenzoxazepine with potential atypical antipsychotic activity, in animal models for schizophrenia.
JL13 [5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-8-chloro-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5] benzoxazepine fumarate] is a substance with a close structural resemblance to clozapine. However, it is less sensitive to oxidation and may therefore have less hematological side effects. In the present study, JL13 was compared with clozapine and haloperidol in several animal models for schizophrenia. The paw test represents a screening model for antipsychotic drugs that can discriminate between drugs with extrapyramidal side effects and drugs without. Haloperidol increased both forelimb retraction time and hindlimb retraction time (HRT), whereas both clozapine and JL13 increased only HRT. In the prepulse inhibition paradigm, all three drugs reversed the apomorphine- and the amphetamine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition. However, whereas haloperidol was equally effective against both dopaminergic drugs, JL13 and clozapine were more effective against amphetamine. Finally, only JL13 was able to increase prepulse inhibition in ...
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3H]Spiperone, a neuroleptic/dopamine receptor ligand, binds with high affinity (Kd 0.15 nM) to a single specific site on rat corpus striatum membranes. The "specific" binding represents about 80% of the total binding and is displaced by dopamime, apomorphine, and stereospecifically by neuroleptics such as butaclamol and flupenthixol. However, in contrast to the striatum, only 30-40% of the binding of [3H]spiperone to limbic forebrain membranes is displaced stereospecifically by butaclamol or flupenthixol, whereas dopamine and certain spiperone analogues compete with high affinity for about 70% of the labeled sites. These additional sites are saturable, reversible, and of high affinity. Kinetic analysis of association and dissociation rates yields a Kd value (1.5 nM) in agreement with equilibrium saturation data for these sites. They also possess a precise distribution, with high amounts being found in the hippocampus, septum, and nucleus accumbens, but they are completely absent in areas such as ...
Double-blind study of the activity and tolerability of cabergoline versus placebo in parkinsonians with motor fluctuations |...Double-blind study of the activity and tolerability of cabergoline versus placebo in parkinsonians with motor fluctuations |...
The use of a dopamine agonist with a long duration of action has theoretical advantages in attempting to reduce the motor fluctuations in Parkinsons disease. We report the results of a double-blind c
The Discovery of Novel Selective D1 Dopaminergic Agonists: A-68930, A-77636, A-86929, and ABT-413The Discovery of Novel Selective D1 Dopaminergic Agonists: A-68930, A-77636, A-86929, and ABT-413
International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles as well as review articles in all areas of chemistry associated with drug discovery, design, and synthesis.
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Loss of NHERF-1 Expression Prevents Dopamine-Mediated Na-K-ATPase Regu by Michelle T Barati, Corey J Ketchem et al."Loss of NHERF-1 Expression Prevents Dopamine-Mediated Na-K-ATPase Regu" by Michelle T Barati, Corey J Ketchem et al.
Barati, M., Ketchem, C., Merchant, M., Kusiak, W., Jose, P., Weinman, E., LeBlanc, A., Lederer, E., & Khundmiri, S. (2017). Loss of NHERF-1 Expression Prevents Dopamine-Mediated Na-K-ATPase Regulation in Renal Proximal Tubule Cells from Rat Models of Hypertension: Aged F344 Rats and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.. American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology, 313 (2). http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00219.2016 ...
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Dopaminergic stimulation in a transgenic model of neurodegeneration restores decreased proliferation and viability in subventricular zone derived adult neural precursor cells. 3. Preis:. Stephanie Thiebes, Hamburg. Thiebes S, Curic S, Polomac N, Feroz F, Steinmann S, Eichler L, Eichler I, Zöllner C, Leicht G, Mulert C ...
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Fixed-dose, 6-week Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Asenapine Compared With Placebo...A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Fixed-dose, 6-week Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Asenapine Compared With Placebo...
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Apomorphine Bulbocapnine Glaucine Nantenine Nuciferine Pukateine Stepholidine Sutin, EL; Jacobowitz, DM (1991). "Neurochemicals ...
PropylnorapomorphinePropylnorapomorphine
Apomorphine "(6aS)-6-Propyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol". ChemSpider. Retrieved 16 January 2016. ... N-n-Propylnorapomorphine (NPA) is an aporphine derivative dopamine agonist closely related to apomorphine. In rodents it has ... Menon MK, Clark WG, Neumeyer JL (November 1978). "Comparison of the dopaminergic effects of apomorphine and (−)-N-n- ... Riffee WH, Wilcox RE, Smith RV (March 1979). "Stereotypic and hypothermic effects of apomorphine and N-n-propylnorapomorphine ...
Erich HarnackErich Harnack
He is remembered for his pharmacological studies of physostigmine and apomorphine. He was the son of theologian Theodosius ... and a short history of apomorphine Eur Neurol. 2013;69(6):321-4. doi: 10.1159/000346762. Epub 2013 Mar 14. Harnack, Gottfried ...
SonepiprazoleSonepiprazole
However, it does reverse the prepulse inhibition deficits induced by apomorphine, and has also been shown to enhance cortical ... Mansbach RS, Brooks EW, Sanner MA, Zorn SH (January 1998). "Selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonists reverse apomorphine- ... sonepiprazole does not block the behavioral effects of amphetamine or apomorphine, does not alter spontaneous locomotor ...
Legal intoxicantLegal intoxicant
Both Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera contain the alkaloids nuciferine and apomorphine.[citation needed] These ...
Management of Parkinsons diseaseManagement of Parkinson's disease
Apomorphine is also available in a more acute dose as an autoinjector pen for emergency doses such as after a fall or first ... Apomorphine, which is a dopamine agonist not orally administered, may be used to reduce off periods and dyskinesia in late PD. ... Apomorphine can be administered by subcutaneous injection using a small pump which is carried by the patient. A low dose is ... After an initial "apomorphine challenge" in hospital to test its effectiveness and brief patient and primary caregiver (often a ...
Parkinsons diseaseParkinson's disease
Apomorphine, a non-orally administered dopamine agonist, may be used to reduce off periods and dyskinesia in late PD. It is ... Since secondary effects such as confusion and hallucinations are common, individuals receiving apomorphine treatment should be ... Dopamine agonists include bromocriptine, pergolide, pramipexole, ropinirole, piribedil, cabergoline, apomorphine and lisuride. ... subcutaneous waking day apomorphine infusion and enteral dopa pumps can be of use. The third stage presents many challenging ...
Neuroleptic malignant syndromeNeuroleptic malignant syndrome
Apomorphine may be used however its use is supported by little evidence. Benzodiazepines may be used to control agitation. ...
Animals and tobacco smokeAnimals and tobacco smoke
Apomorphine hydrochloride and activated charcoal had to be administered along with other fluids. 5 days after the incident, the ...
Perminder SachdevPerminder Sachdev
Low dose apomorphine challenge in acute neuroleptic-induced akathisia. Neurology 1993; 43:544-547; Sachdev P, Kruk J. Clinical ...
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and Processes
ApomorphineDopamine AgonistsReceptors, DopamineHaloperidolPiribedilEmeticsPenile ErectionPimozideStereotyped BehaviorDopamine AntagonistsStartle ReactionLevodopaAntiparkinson AgentsDopamineReceptors, Dopamine D2CatalepsyTranquilizing AgentsCarbidopaSensory GatingHydroxydopaminesYawningQuinpiroleParkinson DiseaseAdministration, SublingualDopamine AgentsParkinson Disease, SecondaryDomperidone2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepineReceptors, Dopamine D1OxidopamineErgolinesBis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfideAmphetamineMotor ActivityHarmineSubstantia NigraCorpus StriatumBehavior, AnimalPenisReceptors, Dopamine D3Infusion PumpsBenzazepinesDyskinesia, Drug-InducedSulpirideSpiperoneErectile DysfunctionLisurideInjections, SubcutaneousFlupenthixolDose-Response Relationship, DrugRats, Sprague-Dawley
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Domperidone - WikipediaDomperidone - Wikipedia
ISBN 0-471-89979-8. Corsini, Giovanni Umberto (2010). "Apomorphine: from experimental tool to therpeutic aid" (PDF). In Ban, ...
en.wikipedia.org
Apomorphine Injection: MedlinePlus Drug InformationApomorphine Injection: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Apomorphine Injection: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Be careful not to get apomorphine injection on your skin or in your eyes. If apomorphine injection does get on your skin or in ... Before using apomorphine injection,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to apomorphine, any other medications ... Apomorphine comes as a solution to inject subcutaneously (just under the skin). Apomorphine is usually injected when needed, ...
medlineplus.gov
Apomorphine - WikipediaApomorphine - Wikipedia
LD50 Apomorphine is colourless as a liquid but stains green, therefore care must be taken to avoid splashes. Apomorphine does ... This, along with the use of sublingual apomorphine tablets, led to a renewed interest in the use of apomorphine as a treatment ... "Apomorphine - A forgotten treatment for alcoholism". apomorphine.info. Retrieved 2018-01-24. Neves SR, Ram PT, Iyengar R (2002 ... Tompkins, James (1899). "Apomorphine in Acute Alcoholic Delirium". Medical Record. "APOMORPHINE AS A HYPNOTIC". The Lancet. 155 ...
en.wikipedia.org
Apomorphine | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterApomorphine | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
If you have an allergy to apomorphine or any other part of this drug. ...
mskcc.org
Apokyn (Apomorphine): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & UsesApokyn (Apomorphine): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses
Apomorphine) may treat, uses, dosage, side effects, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, reviews, and related ... apomorphine hydrochloride) Injection. DESCRIPTION. APOKYN (apomorphine hydrochloride injection) contains apomorphine ... Apomorphine was negative in the in vivo micronucleus assay in mice.. Impairment Of Fertility. Apomorphine was administered ... In vitro, apomorphine undergoes rapid auto-oxidation.. Special Populations. The clearance of apomorphine does not appear to be ...
rxlist.com
Apomorphine - DrugBankApomorphine - DrugBank
Apomorphine has been shown to improve motor function in an animal model of Parkinsons disease. In particular, apomorphine ... Apomorphine may increase the hypertensive activities of Droxidopa.. Approved, Investigational. Duloxetine. Apomorphine may ... Apomorphine may increase the hypotensive activities of Lacidipine.. Approved, Investigational. Landiolol. Apomorphine may ... Amoxapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.. Approved. Amphetamine. The metabolism of Apomorphine ...
drugbank.ca
apomorphine - WellSpan Health Libraryapomorphine - WellSpan Health Library
Apomorphine is used to treat wearing-off episodes (muscle stiffness, loss of muscle control) in people with advanced ... Apomorphine has some of the same effects as a chemical called dopamine, which occurs naturally in your body. Low levels of ... Ask your doctor how to safely stop using apomorphine.. If you stop using apomorphine for 7 days or longer, ask your doctor ... What is apomorphine?. Apomorphine has some of the same effects as a chemical called dopamine, which occurs naturally in your ...
wellspan.org
Apomorphine | definition of apomorphine by Medical dictionaryApomorphine | definition of apomorphine by Medical dictionary
... apomorphine explanation free. What is apomorphine? Meaning of apomorphine medical term. What does apomorphine mean? ... Looking for online definition of apomorphine in the Medical Dictionary? ... Related to apomorphine: Apomorphine hydrochloride. apomorphine. (ăp′ə-môr′fēn′). n.. A poisonous alkaloid, C17H17NO2, that is ... Apomorphine , definition of apomorphine by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/apomorphine ...
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A 10 year retrospective audit of long-term apomorphine use in Parkinsons disease | SpringerLinkA 10 year retrospective audit of long-term apomorphine use in Parkinson's disease | SpringerLink
Objectives Apomorphine is a potent dopamine agonist useful in the treatment of Parkinsons disease patients with disabling ... after sometime on apomorphine). Sixteen patients have stopped using apomorphine completely. Thirteen have stopped the pump, but ... Subcutaneous apomorphine is easy for patients to use, is well tolerated and has a low incidence of side effects, especially ... Steiger MJ, Quinn NP, Marsden CD (1992) The clinical use of apomorphine in Parkinsons disease. J Neurol 239:389-393PubMed ...
link.springer.com
Interactions between Cardene In Dextrose (Iso-Osmotic) Intravenous and selected-antihypertensives-and-vasodilators-apomorphineInteractions between Cardene In Dextrose (Iso-Osmotic) Intravenous and selected-antihypertensives-and-vasodilators-apomorphine
Apomorphine/Selected Antihypertensives and Vasodilators Interactions. This information is generalized and not intended as ... Intravenous and selected-antihypertensives-and-vasodilators-apomorphine. ...
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Autoradiographic localisation of 3 H-apomorphine binding sites in rat brain | SpringerLinkAutoradiographic localisation of 3 H-apomorphine binding sites in rat brain | SpringerLink
The best experimental conditions for a selective binding of3H-apomorphine to dopamine receptors on cryostat sections were first ... When3H-apomorphine was used at low concentrations (0.8-1.5 nM), a condition ensuring a preferential labelling of D-2 sites, ... Seeman P, Lee T, Chau-Wong M, Tedesco J, Wong K (1976) Dopamine receptors in human and calf brains using3H-apomorphine and an ... Autoradiographic localisation of3H-apomorphine binding sites in rat brain. *Marie-Louise Bouthenet1. , ...
link.springer.com
Sunovion Receives Health Canada Acceptance of New Drug Submission for Apomorphine Sublingual FilmSunovion Receives Health Canada Acceptance of New Drug Submission for Apomorphine Sublingual Film
About Apomorphine Sublingual Film (APL-130277). Apomorphine sublingual film (APL-130277), a novel formulation of apomorphine, a ... Apomorphine sublingual film is intended to rapidly convert people living with PD from an OFF to an ON state and has been ... Apomorphine sublingual film is being developed as a fast-acting medicine for the on-demand treatment of all types of OFF ... Apomorphine sublingual film has not been approved by Health Canada. In October 2016, Sunovion acquired Cynapsus Therapeutics ...
rdmag.com
Apomorphine injection - AHealthyMe - Blue Cross Blue Shield of MassachusettsApomorphine injection - AHealthyMe - Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts
Apomorphine injection. What is this medicine?. APOMORPHINE (a poe MOR feen) is used to treat off episodes in advanced ... Using nitroglycerin while taking apomorphine may increase the risk of low blood pressure or a sudden drop in blood pressure. If ... an unusual or allergic reaction to apomorphine, sulfites, other medicines foods, dyes, or preservatives ...
ahealthyme.com
Effects of apomorphine and L-dopa on the parkinsonian bladder - Aranda - 1993 - Neurourology and Urodynamics - Wiley Online...Effects of apomorphine and L-dopa on the parkinsonian bladder - Aranda - 1993 - Neurourology and Urodynamics - Wiley Online...
Effects of apomorphine and L-dopa on the parkinsonian bladder. Authors. *. Bernard Aranda,. Corresponding author. *Department ... Miguel Rosa-Grilo, Mubasher A. Qamar, Andrew Evans, K. Ray Chaudhuri, The efficacy of apomorphine - A non-motor perspective, ... Whereas hyperreflexic patients improved with apomorphine, and to a lesser extent with L dopa, these drugs had no effect on ... We compared the results of cystometry and urethral profilometry with and without apomorphine (and L dopa) in 12 idiopathic ...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Apomorphine definition and meaning | Collins English DictionaryApomorphine definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Apomorphine definition: a white crystalline alkaloid , derived from morphine , that is used medicinally as an... , Meaning, ... apomorphine is in the lower 50% of commonly used words in the Collins dictionary ...
collinsdictionary.com
Motor response to apomorphine and levodopa in asymmetric Parkinsons diseaseMotor response to apomorphine and levodopa in asymmetric Parkinson's disease
Motor response to apomorphine; Counselling of patients and liaison with the general practitioner; Benefits of apomorphine; ... Apomorphine, a short-acting dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonist, was the first dopamine receptor agonist used to treat ... Apomorphine/levodopa. // Reactions Weekly;9/19/2009, Issue 1270, p8 The article describes a case of psychiatric disorders ... Subcutaneous Apomorphine. Deleu, Dirk; Hanssens, Yolande; Northway, Margaret G. // Drugs & Aging;2004, Vol. 21 Issue 11, p687 ...
connection.ebscohost.com
apomorphineapomorphine
... may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. ... Apomorphine is used to treat wearing-off episodes (muscle stiffness, loss of muscle control) in people with advanced ... What is apomorphine?. Apomorphine is used to treat "wearing-off" episodes (muscle stiffness, loss of muscle control) in people ... What other drugs will affect apomorphine?. Using apomorphine with other drugs that make you drowsy can worsen this effect. Ask ...
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Haloperidol and apomorphine differentially affect neuropeptidase activity. | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental...Haloperidol and apomorphine differentially affect neuropeptidase activity. | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental...
Haloperidol and apomorphine differentially affect neuropeptidase activity.. S M Waters, C S Konkoy and T P Davis ... Haloperidol and apomorphine differentially affect neuropeptidase activity.. S M Waters, C S Konkoy and T P Davis ... Haloperidol and apomorphine differentially affect neuropeptidase activity.. S M Waters, C S Konkoy and T P Davis ... Haloperidol and apomorphine differentially affect neuropeptidase activity. Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to ...
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Apomorphine Nasal Powder in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Off Periods. - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govApomorphine Nasal Powder in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease 'Off' Periods. - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Apomorphine Nasal Powder in the Treatment of Parkinsons Disease Off Periods.. The safety and scientific validity of this ... Apomorphine. Emetics. Physiological Effects of Drugs. Autonomic Agents. Peripheral Nervous System Agents. Gastrointestinal ... hypersensitivity to apomorphine; participation in a clinical trial in the last 12 weeks; pregnant or lactating females ... To determine the safety and tolerability of repeated dosing with Apomorphine Nasal Powder in subjects with Parkinsons Disease. ...
clinicaltrials.gov
Enhanced antinociception with repeated microinjections of apomorphine into the periaqueductal gray of male and female rats. -...Enhanced antinociception with repeated microinjections of apomorphine into the periaqueductal gray of male and female rats. -...
Location of apomorphine microinjection sites. Apomorphine was injected into or adjacent to the ventrolateral PAG in male (left ... Repeated microinjection of apomorphine into the PAG enhanced subsequent apomorphine antinociception in male (left; n = 7-9/ ... Rats were injected with apomorphine (20 μg/0.4 μl) or vehicle (saline in 20% DMSO) into the PAG twice a day for two days. 16 h ... Microinjection of apomorphine into the ventrolateral PAG produced a dose-dependent decrease in open field activity in both male ...
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Clinical Trial of Apomorphine Subcutaneous Infusion in Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease - Full Text View -...Clinical Trial of Apomorphine Subcutaneous Infusion in Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease - Full Text View -...
Active Comparator: Apomorphine hydrochloride Apo-go® Apomorphine hydrochloride 5 mg/ml solution for infusion in pre-filled ... Drug: Apomorphine hydrochloride Apomorphine hydrochloride 5 mg/ml solution for infusion in pre-filled syringe ... Clinical Trial of Apomorphine Subcutaneous Infusion in Patients With Advanced Parkinsons Disease (TOLEDO). The safety and ... Apomorphine. Emetics. Physiological Effects of Drugs. Autonomic Agents. Peripheral Nervous System Agents. Gastrointestinal ...
clinicaltrials.gov
Apomorphine Effect on Nociceptive Perception in Parkinson's: a Clinical and Imaging Study - Full Text View -...Apomorphine Effect on Nociceptive Perception in Parkinson's: a Clinical and Imaging Study - Full Text View -...
Apomorphine Effect on Nociceptive Perception in Parkinsons: a Clinical and Imaging Study (APODOUL). The safety and scientific ... Apomorphine. Emetics. Physiological Effects of Drugs. Autonomic Agents. Peripheral Nervous System Agents. Gastrointestinal ... Apomorphine Effect on Nociceptive Perception in Parkinsons: a Clinical and Imaging Study.. ... Time Frame: after acute administration of apomorphine ]. *Cerebral activity using H215O PET analysis of regional Cerebral Blood ...
clinicaltrials.gov
Apomorphine impurity B (Morphine sulfate)- CAS Number 6211-15-0Apomorphine impurity B (Morphine sulfate)- CAS Number 6211-15-0
Comprar Apomorphine impurity B (Morphine sulfate) - Número CAS 6211-15-0 a LGC Standards. Entre o Regístrese para poder ... Apomorphine impurity B (Morphine sulfate). Please note that this product is considered a controlled drug in some countries, and ...
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Efficacy of Continuous Apomorphine Infusion on Cognitive and Neuropsychological Functions in Parkinson's Disease - Full...Efficacy of Continuous Apomorphine Infusion on Cognitive and Neuropsychological Functions in Parkinson's Disease - Full...
Experimental: Continuous Apomorphine infusion Drug: Continuous Apomorphine infusion Continuous Apomorphine infusion during 6 ... Efficacy of Continuous Apomorphine Infusion on Cognitive and Neuropsychological Functions in Parkinsons Disease (APO-TEP). The ... Drug: Continuous Apomorphine infusion Drug: Usual dopaminergic per os treatment Phase 3 ... Apomorphine. Parkinson Disease. Parkinsonian Disorders. Basal Ganglia Diseases. Brain Diseases. Central Nervous System Diseases ...
clinicaltrials.gov
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and Processes
ApomorphineDopamine AgonistsReceptors, DopamineHaloperidolPiribedilEmeticsPenile ErectionPimozideStereotyped BehaviorDopamine AntagonistsStartle ReactionLevodopaAntiparkinson AgentsDopamineReceptors, Dopamine D2CatalepsyTranquilizing AgentsCarbidopaSensory GatingHydroxydopaminesYawningQuinpiroleParkinson DiseaseAdministration, SublingualDopamine AgentsParkinson Disease, SecondaryDomperidone2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepineReceptors, Dopamine D1OxidopamineErgolinesBis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfideAmphetamineMotor ActivityHarmineSubstantia NigraCorpus StriatumBehavior, AnimalPenisReceptors, Dopamine D3Infusion PumpsBenzazepinesDyskinesia, Drug-InducedSulpirideSpiperoneErectile DysfunctionLisurideInjections, SubcutaneousFlupenthixolDose-Response Relationship, DrugRats, Sprague-Dawley
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Infusion19
Side effects of apomorphine3
Response to apomorphine4
Injection24
Inject apomorphine6
Amitriptyline1
Derivative2
Delivery Of Apomorphine1
  • Furthermore, studies conducted by nastech pharmaceutical company inc into the intranasal delivery of apomorphine indicated that more than 2 mg of apomorphine can be administered in this manner, in a clinical setting, without causing unacceptable side effects. (tripod.com)
Injections of apomorphine1
Amphetamine or apomorphine2
  • Ten hours later they were injected with amphetamine or apomorphine and their behaviour was observed for a further 2 h at which time they were overdosed with anaesthetic and their brains were removed, frozen and processed for Fos and Jun B immunohistochemistry. (semanticscholar.org)
  • In animals, unlike D2 receptor antagonists like haloperidol, sonepiprazole does not block the behavioral effects of amphetamine or apomorphine, does not alter spontaneous locomotor activity on its own, and lacks extrapyramidal and neuroendocrine effects. (wikipedia.org)
Manufacturer of apomorphine2
  • The TOLEDO study is sponsored by Britannia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., part of the STADA Arzneimittel AG group of companies and manufacturer of apomorphine products. (thailand4.com)
  • The reference lists of papers were checked and the U.S. manufacturer of apomorphine provided information. (york.ac.uk)
Administration of apomorphine3
  • Conclusion: Repeated administration of apomorphine at 1. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • In contrast, subchronic administration of apomorphine increased aminopeptidase N activity in the frontal cortex and caudate-putamen. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Following administration of apomorphine, the decrease in daily 'off' time from baseline ranged from 2.6 to 4 hours (6 studies) and 20.5% and 22% (2 studies) of the waking day in the open-label studies. (york.ac.uk)
Subcutaneously2
Infusions2
Nausea5
  • Apomorphine can cause severe nausea and vomiting. (wellspan.org)
  • To prevent these symptoms, you may be given anti-nausea medication to start taking a few days before you start using apomorphine. (wellspan.org)
  • Keep taking the anti-nausea medicine throughout your treatment with apomorphine. (wellspan.org)
  • You will also be prescribed Antiemetic medicines to take with Apomorphine to help reduce nausea and vomiting, which are common side effects if antiemetics are not taken. (healthery.com)
  • You will also be prescribed Antiemetic medicines to take with Apomorphine to help reduce nausea and vomiting. (healthery.com)
Sublingual apomorphine1
Intermittent apomorphine1
  • The mean duration of intermittent apomorphine use was 48.2 months. (springer.com)
Dose4
Interactions3
Injectable1
Levodopa3
Blockade2
Penile1
  • Enhancement of apomorphine-induced penile erection in the rat by a selective alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist. (lu.se)