AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and Processes
ApomorphineDopamine AgonistsReceptors, DopamineHaloperidolPiribedilEmeticsPenile ErectionPimozideStereotyped BehaviorDopamine AntagonistsStartle ReactionLevodopaAntiparkinson AgentsDopamineReceptors, Dopamine D2CatalepsyTranquilizing AgentsCarbidopaSensory GatingHydroxydopaminesYawningQuinpiroleParkinson DiseaseAdministration, SublingualDopamine AgentsParkinson Disease, SecondaryDomperidone2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepineReceptors, Dopamine D1OxidopamineErgolinesBis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfideAmphetamineMotor ActivityHarmineSubstantia NigraCorpus StriatumBehavior, AnimalPenisReceptors, Dopamine D3Infusion PumpsBenzazepinesDyskinesia, Drug-InducedSulpirideSpiperoneErectile DysfunctionLisurideInjections, SubcutaneousFlupenthixolDose-Response Relationship, DrugRats, Sprague-Dawley
Apomorphine
A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.
Dopamine Agonists
Drugs that bind to and activate dopamine receptors.
Receptors, Dopamine
Cell-surface proteins that bind dopamine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.
Haloperidol
A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)
Piribedil
A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.
Emetics
Agents that cause vomiting. They may act directly on the gastrointestinal tract, bringing about emesis through local irritant effects, or indirectly, through their effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the postremal area near the medulla.
Penile Erection
The state of the PENIS when the erectile tissue becomes filled or swollen (tumid) with BLOOD and causes the penis to become rigid and elevated. It is a complex process involving CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS; HORMONES; SMOOTH MUSCLES; and vascular functions.
Pimozide
A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403)
Stereotyped Behavior
Relatively invariant mode of behavior elicited or determined by a particular situation; may be verbal, postural, or expressive.
Dopamine Antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate DOPAMINE RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. Many drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders (ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) are dopamine antagonists, although their therapeutic effects may be due to long-term adjustments of the brain rather than to the acute effects of blocking dopamine receptors. Dopamine antagonists have been used for several other clinical purposes including as ANTIEMETICS, in the treatment of Tourette syndrome, and for hiccup. Dopamine receptor blockade is associated with NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME.
Startle Reaction
A complex involuntary response to an unexpected strong stimulus usually auditory in nature.
Levodopa
The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.
Antiparkinson Agents
Agents used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The most commonly used drugs act on the dopaminergic system in the striatum and basal ganglia or are centrally acting muscarinic antagonists.
Dopamine
One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
Receptors, Dopamine D2
A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. D2-class receptor genes contain INTRONS, and the receptors inhibit ADENYLYL CYCLASES.
Catalepsy
A condition characterized by inactivity, decreased responsiveness to stimuli, and a tendency to maintain an immobile posture. The limbs tend to remain in whatever position they are placed (waxy flexibility). Catalepsy may be associated with PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA, CATATONIC), nervous system drug toxicity, and other conditions.
Tranquilizing Agents
A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought, or behavior. Included here are the ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS (minor tranquilizers), ANTIMANIC AGENTS, and the ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS (major tranquilizers). These drugs act by different mechanisms and are used for different therapeutic purposes.
Carbidopa
An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE, preventing conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no antiparkinson actions by itself.
Sensory Gating
The ability of the BRAIN to suppress neuronal responses to external sensory inputs, such as auditory and visual stimuli. Sensory filtering (or gating) allows humans to block out irrelevant, meaningless, or redundant stimuli.
Hydroxydopamines
Dopamines with a hydroxy group substituted in one or more positions.
Yawning
An involuntary deep INHALATION with the MOUTH open, often accompanied by the act of stretching.
Quinpirole
A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)
Administration, Sublingual
Administration of a soluble dosage form by placement under the tongue.
Dopamine Agents
Any drugs that are used for their effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons.
Parkinson Disease, Secondary
Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)
Domperidone
A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine
A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.
Receptors, Dopamine D1
A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. D1-class receptor genes lack INTRONS, and the receptors stimulate ADENYLYL CYCLASES.
Oxidopamine
A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.
Ergolines
A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.
Bis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide
An inhibitor of the last step of noradrenaline biosynthesis.
Amphetamine
A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
Motor Activity
The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.
Harmine
Alkaloid isolated from seeds of Peganum harmala L., Zygophyllaceae. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic Parkinson disease in the 1920's.
Substantia Nigra
The black substance in the ventral midbrain or the nucleus of cells containing the black substance. These cells produce DOPAMINE, an important neurotransmitter in regulation of the sensorimotor system and mood. The dark colored MELANIN is a by-product of dopamine synthesis.
Corpus Striatum
Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.
Behavior, Animal
The observable response an animal makes to any situation.
Penis
The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra.
Receptors, Dopamine D3
A subtype of dopamine D2 receptors that are highly expressed in the LIMBIC SYSTEM of the brain.
Infusion Pumps
Fluid propulsion systems driven mechanically, electrically, or osmotically that are used to inject (or infuse) over time agents into a patient or experimental animal; used routinely in hospitals to maintain a patent intravenous line, to administer antineoplastic agents and other drugs in thromboembolism, heart disease, diabetes mellitus (INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS is also available), and other disorders.
Benzazepines
Compounds with BENZENE fused to AZEPINES.
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)
Sulpiride
A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Spiperone
A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.
Lisuride
An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).
Injections, Subcutaneous
Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.
Flupenthixol
A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595)
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Modifications of local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose and motor behavior in rats with unilateral lesion of the subthalamic nucleus. (1/551)

Inactivation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has attracted interest as a therapeutic tool in Parkinson's disease. The functional consequences of the inactivation, however, are uncertain. In this study definition of the pattern of changes of cerebral functional activity associated with lesion of the STN and dopaminergic stimulation, by using the [14C]deoxyglucose method, was sought. Six or 7 days following unilateral lesion of the STN, the animals were divided into two groups: One group (n = 10) was administered apomorphine (1 mg/kg) subcutaneously; the second group (n = 10) received saline. The [14C]deoxyglucose procedure was initiated 10 minutes following the drug or saline injection. The results show that systemic administration of apomorphine to rats with unilateral lesion of the STN causes ipsiversive rotational behavior and asymmetries of glucose utilization of defined brain areas, including the substantia nigra reticulata, globus pallidus, and entopeduncular nucleus. These nuclei are the main targets of the subthalamic excitatory projections. Lesion of the nucleus per se (without challenge with apomorphine) has no significant consequences on glucose utilization. The findings indicate that the STN is involved in the activation of the basal ganglia output nuclei induced by systemic dopaminergic stimulation.  (+info)

Effects of tetrahydroprotoberberines on dopamine D2 receptors in ventral tegmental area of rat. (2/551)

AIM: To compare the actions of tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPB) on dopamine (DA) D2 receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of rat. METHODS: Extracellular single unit recording technique was used in i.v. gallamine-paralyzed rats. RESULTS: Eleven THPB analogs tested completely attenuated the apomorphine (Apo, 20 micrograms.kg-1)-induced inhibition on VTA DA cell firing activity. The OH group on C2 at THPB was linked with the reversal of Apo-induced inhibition. Their reversal potencies (ED50, microgram.kg-1) for D2 receptors were: THPB-143 (5.6) > SPD (8.5) > Iso (17.0) > THP (33) > THB (48) > THPB-18 (66) > THPB-1 (179) > THPB-19 (408) > THPB-126 (510) > THPB-104 (1019) > THPB-10 (4815). CONCLUSION: Among these 11 THPB, the 2-hydroxyl-THPB (THPB-143) showed the strongest antagonistic action on D2 receptors.  (+info)

Comparison of effects of haloperidol administration on amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release in the rat medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum. (3/551)

Research has shown that there are important neurochemical differences between the mesocortical and mesostriatal dopamine systems. The work reported in this paper has sought to compare the regulation of dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior caudate-putamen. In vivo microdialysis was used to recover dialysate fluid for subsequent assay for dopamine concentrations. The responses to D2 antagonist (haloperidol) administration, which has been shown to increase impulse-dependent dopamine release, were compared. Results demonstrated a diminished effect of systemic haloperidol administration on dopamine efflux in the prefrontal cortex. The responses to systemic administration of a nonimpulse-dependent, transporter-mediated, dopamine releaser (d-amphetamine) were also contrasted. Results again demonstrated a diminished pharmacological effect in the cortex. The potential interaction of stimulation of these two types of dopamine release was examined by coadministration of these compounds. Haloperidol pretreatment dramatically potentiated the dopamine-releasing effect of amphetamine administration. This effect was observed in both the cortex and the striatum. Subsequent work demonstrated that this effect of haloperidol was mediated by D2-like receptors in the prefrontal cortex. These results are discussed in relation to other neurochemical and neuroanatomical studies demonstrating sparse densities of dopamine transporter sites and dopamine D2 receptors in the cortex compared with the striatum. They demonstrate a functional correlate to the recently reported, largely extrasynaptic localization of dopamine transporter sites in the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, they demonstrate the existence of cortical D2-like autoreceptors that may normally be "silent" under basal conditions.  (+info)

Multisecond oscillations in firing rate in the basal ganglia: robust modulation by dopamine receptor activation and anesthesia. (4/551)

Multisecond oscillations in firing rate in the basal ganglia: robust modulation by dopamine receptor activation and anesthesia. Studies of CNS electrophysiology have suggested an important role for oscillatory neuronal activity in sensory perception, sensorimotor integration, and movement timing. In extracellular single-unit recording studies in awake, immobilized rats, we have found that many tonically active neurons in the entopeduncular nucleus (n = 15), globus pallidus (n = 31), and substantia nigra pars reticulata (n = 31) have slow oscillations in firing rate in the seconds-to-minutes range. Basal oscillation amplitude ranged up to +/-50% of the mean firing rate. Spectral analysis was performed on spike trains to determine whether these multisecond oscillations were significantly periodic. Significant activity in power spectra (in the 2- to 60-s range of periods) from basal spike trains was found for 56% of neurons in these three nuclei. Spectral peaks corresponded to oscillations with mean periods of approximately 30 s in each nucleus. Multisecond baseline oscillations were also found in 21% of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. The dopamine agonist apomorphine (0.32 mg/kg iv, n = 10-15) profoundly affected multisecond oscillations, increasing oscillatory frequency (means of spectral peak periods were reduced to approximately 15 s) and increasing the regularity of the oscillations. Apomorphine effects on oscillations in firing rate were more consistent from unit to unit than were its effects on mean firing rates in the entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra. Apomorphine modulation of multisecond periodic oscillations was reversed by either D1 or D2 antagonists and was mimicked by the combination of selective D1 (SKF 81297) and D2 (quinpirole) agonists. Seventeen percent of neurons had additional baseline periodic activity in a faster range (0.4-2.0 s) related to ventilation. Multisecond periodicities were rarely found in neurons in anesthetized rats (n = 29), suggesting that this phenomenon is sensitive to overall reductions in central activity. The data demonstrate significant structure in basal ganglia neuron spiking activity at unexpectedly long time scales, as well as a novel effect of dopamine on firing pattern in this slow temporal domain. The modulation of multisecond periodicities in firing rate by dopaminergic agonists suggests the involvement of these patterns in behaviors and cognitive processes that are affected by dopamine. Periodic firing rate oscillations in basal ganglia output nuclei should strongly affect the firing patterns of target neurons and are likely involved in coordinating neural activity responsible for motor sequences. Modulation of slow, periodic oscillations in firing rate may be an important mechanism by which dopamine influences motor and cognitive processes in normal and dysfunctional states.  (+info)

Disruption of latent inhibition in rats with postnatal hippocampal lesions. (5/551)

Disruption of latent inhibition has been proposed as a possible model of cognitive abnormalities that underlie positive symptoms of a schizophrenia. We tested neonatal hippocampal lesioned rats in a latent inhibition paradigm. Lesions of the ventral hippocampus were induced by bilateral injections of ibotenic acid in 7 days old rats. The behavior of lesioned rats was tested postpubertally. We found a hyperresponsiveness to dopaminergic stimulation by apomorphine in locomotion tests. Latent inhibition was tested using the acquisition of a conditioned reaction in a two-way shuttle box. Sham operated control animals showed after preexposure of the to-be-conditioned stimulus (combined tone and light stimulus) a low acquisition. Ibotenic acid lesioned animals learned the conditioned reaction with and without preexposure in the same way, indicating disturbed latent inhibition. These results demonstrate disturbances in early postnatal hippocampal lesioned rats comparable with those seen in schizophrenic patients, thus further validating this procedure as a useful animal model of some aspects of schizophrenia.  (+info)

Rat strain differences in the ability to disrupt sensorimotor gating are limited to the dopaminergic system, specific to prepulse inhibition, and unrelated to changes in startle amplitude or nucleus accumbens dopamine receptor sensitivity. (6/551)

Previous studies indicate that a variety of pharmacological agents interfere with the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (PPI) response including phencyclidine (PCP), 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), amphetamine, and apomorphine. Strain differences have been observed in the ability of apomorphine to disrupt PPI, although the degree to which these strain differences occur after administration of nondopaminergic drugs or the degree to which differences can be observed in other models of dopamine (DA) receptor activation has not been elucidated. The present study tested the effects of apomorphine, amphetamine, 8-OH-DPAT, and PCP on PPI in the Sprague Dawley and Wistar rat strains. Because apomorphine disrupts PPI via activation of DA receptors in the nucleus accumbens, apomorphine-induced hyperlocomotion, also a behavioral model of nucleus accumbens DA receptor activation, was measured in both rat strains. Administration of PCP or 8-OH-DPAT attenuated PPI in both strains, whereas apomorphine and amphetamine only attenuated PPI in Wistar rats. The ability of apomorphine to increase motor activity in the absence of a startle-eliciting stimulus was similar in the two strains, as was apomorphine-induced hyperlocomotion. A time course analysis of the effects of apomorphine on startle response in Sprague Dawley rats found that changes in the magnitude of PPI followed changes in basic startle amplitude. Similarly, no apomorphine-induced attenuation of PPI was observed in Sprague Dawley rats after 6-OHDA-induced DA receptor supersensitivity in the nucleus accumbens. These data suggest a dissociation between the effects of DA receptor agonists in PPI and other behavioral models of DA receptor activation.  (+info)

Effects of sustained phencyclidine exposure on sensorimotor gating of startle in rats. (7/551)

Phencyclidine (PCP), a non-competitive NMDA antagonist with actions at multiple other central nervous system receptors, can cause both acute and lasting psychoses in humans, and has also been used in cross-species models of psychosis. Acute exposure to PCP in rats produces behavioral changes, including a loss of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex, which parallels the loss of PPI observed in schizophrenia patients. Sustained exposure to PCP in rats produces neuropathological changes in several limbic regions and prolonged behavioral abnormalities that may parallel neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia. It is unclear whether sustained PCP exposure will also produce a loss of prepulse inhibition which parallels the decrease observed in schizophrenia patients. In the present study, we examined changes in PPI during and after sustained PCP administration, using 5-day PCP exposure via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps, or 14-day PCP exposure via repeated intraperitoneal injections. In both forms of drug delivery, PPI was disrupted during, but not after, sustained drug exposure. PPI does not appear to be sensitive to neuropathological effects of sustained PCP exposure.  (+info)

Altered activity of midbrain dopamine neurons following 7-day withdrawal from chronic cocaine abuse is normalized by D2 receptor stimulation during the early withdrawal phase. (8/551)

Using in vivo single-unit recording in rats, we compared the effects of continuous cocaine infusion via minipump or single daily injections (both 40 mg/kg/d x 14 days, S.C.) on the activity of putative dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). On days 1-5 after cocaine withdrawal, animals were further treated with single daily injections of DA agonists. On withdrawal day 7 continuous cocaine caused a reduction in spontaneously active neurons in the SNC and reduced bursting in the VTA. In contrast, intermittent cocaine resulted in an increase in the number of active neurons in the VTA. These changes were all reversed by apomorphine or quinpirole given during the first 5 withdrawal days. The D1 antagonist SCH 39166 did not antagonize the effects of apomorphine in either region. The role of D2 receptors in modulating baseline DA activity during intermediate cocaine withdrawal is discussed.  (+info)

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Apomorphine: Effect on growth hormone<...Apomorphine: Effect on growth hormone<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Apomorphine. T2 - Effect on growth hormone. AU - Maany, I.. AU - Frazer, A.. AU - Mendels, J.. PY - 1975/1. Y1 - 1975/1. N2 - Apomorphine (0.75 mg SC) was found to elicit growth hormone release in normal men. The younger men had a significantly greater peak growth hormone response to apomorphine as compared to the older men. Among other possible explanations, this finding may indicate that dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus are more sensitive to apomorphine in younger than in older men.. AB - Apomorphine (0.75 mg SC) was found to elicit growth hormone release in normal men. The younger men had a significantly greater peak growth hormone response to apomorphine as compared to the older men. Among other possible explanations, this finding may indicate that dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus are more sensitive to apomorphine in younger than in older men.. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0016440091&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - ...
https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/apomorphine-effect-on-growth-hormone
A review of intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections for the rescue management of motor fluctuations associated with...A review of intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections for the rescue management of motor fluctuations associated with...
Twenty-one studies were included: 8 double-blind trials (n=126), six of which were of a crossover design, and 13 uncontrolled open-label studies (n=202).. Following administration of apomorphine, the decrease in daily off time from baseline ranged from 2.6 to 4 hours (6 studies) and 20.5% and 22% (2 studies) of the waking day in the open-label studies. Two studies reported that the difference was statistically significant, while six did not report a statistical comparison. The mean delay of onset ranged from 6 to 14 minutes (6 studies). The mean duration of effect ranged from 36 to 61.9 minutes (5 studies).. In the double-blind trials, all of the studies except one reported a statistically significant difference between apomorphine and placebo (8 studies) or levodopa (1 study) for motor functioning, with the improvement in favour of apomorphine. The mean delay of onset ranged from 8.1 to 22 minutes (3 studies). The mean duration of effect ranged from 56.6 to 96 minutes (2 studies).. Based on ...
http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/crdweb/ShowRecord.asp?LinkFrom=OAI&ID=12006000532
Block by apomorphine of acetylcholine receptor channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes<...Block by apomorphine of acetylcholine receptor channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Block by apomorphine of acetylcholine receptor channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. AU - Nakazawa, Ken. AU - Akiyama, Takami. AU - Inoue, Kazuhide. PY - 1994/11/15. Y1 - 1994/11/15. N2 - Effects of apomorphine and other compounds related to dopamine receptors on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels were investigated by expressing functional channels in Xenopus oocytes. When channels were expressed with a combination of α3 and β4 subunits, acetylcholine activated an inward current, and apomorphine suppressed the current in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of about 3 μM. SKF38393 (R(+)-1-phehyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(1H)-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol; dopamine D1 receptor agonist; 3 and 30 μM), quinpirole (dopamine D2 receptor agonist; 30 μM), SCH23390 (R(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine; dopamine D1 receptor antagonist; 10 μM) or sulpiride (dopamine D2 receptor antagonist; 10 μM) also inhibited the ...
https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/block-by-apomorphine-of-acetylcholine-receptor-channels-expressed
apomorphine - Parkinson FITapomorphine - Parkinson FIT
Social media users in India were abuzz the past few weeks over a video posted on Facebook by Nanavati Super Specialty Hospital (yes, that is the hospitals real name) that showed the results of an apomorphine infusion on a 50-year old patient with advanced Parkinsons Disease. Before the treatment, the patient was barely able to lift his arms and struggled to walk. After the apomorphine injection, the patient was able to walk and run, and even do push-ups. Apomorphine is a very strong dopamine agonist. The video fails to show that the drugs effect only lasts for an hour or two ...
https://parkinson.fit/tag/apomorphine/
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In addition to their well characterized effects at dopamine receptors, neuroleptic drugs have been shown to affect the level and in vitro metabolism of neuropeptides. In the present study, the effect of acute and subchronic administration of the neuroleptic haloperidol and the nonselective, dopamine agonist apomorphine on neuropeptidase activity was determined in regional, rat brain P2 membranes. Subchronic administration of haloperidol decreased the activity of aminopeptidase N in the frontal cortex and caudate-putamen. In contrast, subchronic administration of apomorphine increased aminopeptidase N activity in the frontal cortex and caudate-putamen. Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 also was affected differentially in the caudate-putamen, but both subchronic haloperidol and apomorphine decreased neutral endopeptidase 24.11 activity in the frontal cortex. Metalloendopeptidase 24.15 activity was decreased in the caudate-putamen after acute haloperidol and increased in the frontal cortex after acute ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/277/1/113
Comparison of motor response to apomorphine and levodopa in Parkinsons disease. | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &...Comparison of motor response to apomorphine and levodopa in Parkinsons disease. | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &...
The magnitude and pattern of motor responses to single doses of subcutaneous apomorphine and oral levodopa were compared in 14 patients with Parkinsons disease. Although apomorphine produced much shorter motor responses than levodopa, the quality of response to the two drugs was virtually indistinguishable. These clinical observations support the notion that integrity of striatal post-synaptic dopamine receptors is a key determinant of responsiveness to dopaminergic treatment in Parkinsons disease.. ...
https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/53/11/1004
apomorphine - WellSpan Health Libraryapomorphine - WellSpan Health Library
Apomorphine has some of the same effects as a chemical called dopamine, which occurs naturally in your body. Low levels of dopamine in the brain are associated with Parkinsons disease. Apomorphine is used to treat wearing-off episodes (muscle stiffness, loss of muscle control) in people with advanced Parkinsons...
http://www.wellspan.org/health-library/Document.aspx?id=d04991a1
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(−)-Apomorphine is a non-selective dopamine receptor agonist that exhibits pKi values of 6.43, 7.08, 7.59, 8.36, and 7.83 for human recombinant D1, D2L, D3, D4, and D5 receptors, respectively.1,2 It produces biphasic effects on locomotor activity and displays anti-parkinsonian and neuroprotective actions.1,3
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PRIME PubMed | Apomorphine monotherapy in the treatment of refractory motor complications of Parkinsons disease: long-term...PRIME PubMed | Apomorphine monotherapy in the treatment of refractory motor complications of Parkinsons disease: long-term...
PubMed journal article: Apomorphine monotherapy in the treatment of refractory motor complications of Parkinsons disease: long-term follow-up study of 64 patients. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android
https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/12465062/Apomorphine_monotherapy_in_the_treatment_of_refractory_motor_complications_of_Parkinson
apomorphine | Ligand page | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGYapomorphine | Ligand page | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY
The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. apomorphine ligand page. Quantitative data and detailed annnotation of the targets of licensed and experimental drugs.
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=biology&ligandId=33
Apomorphine and Ceron-DM Drops Drug Interactions - Drugs.comApomorphine and Ceron-DM Drops Drug Interactions - Drugs.com
A Moderate Drug Interaction exists between apomorphine and Ceron-DM Drops. View detailed information regarding this drug interaction.
https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/apomorphine-with-ceron-dm-drops-224-0-612-7683.html
Antagonism by propanol of central dopamine receptor stimulation is not related to β-adrenergic blockade : WestminsterResearchAntagonism by propanol of central dopamine receptor stimulation is not related to β-adrenergic blockade : WestminsterResearch
Dijckmans, B., Tortosa-Martínez, J., Caus, N., González-Caballero, G., Martínez-Pelegrin, B., Manchado-Lopez, C., Cortell-Tormo, J.M., Chulvi-Medrano, I. and Clow, A. 2017. Does the diurnal cycle of cortisol explain the relationship between physical performance and cognitive function in older adults? European Review of Aging and Physical Activity. 14 (6). https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-017-0175-5 Salivary diurnal cortisol profiles in patients suffering from chronic breathlessness receiving supportive and palliative care services: a cross-sectional study ...
https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/94x63/antagonism-by-propanol-of-central-dopamine-receptor-stimulation-is-not-related-to-adrenergic-blockade
Apomorphine | CTDApomorphine | CTD
A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use ...
http://ctdbase.org/detail.go?type=chem&acc=D001058
Apomorphine - DrugBankApomorphine - DrugBank
A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.
https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00714
Sublingual Apomorphine Effectively Manages Off Episodes in Parkinsons Disease | Global Academy for Medical EducationSublingual Apomorphine Effectively Manages Off Episodes in Parkinsons Disease | Global Academy for Medical Education
A total of 109 patients were randomized to the double-blind treatment phase, and had a mean of 3.9 off episodes per day. Participants mean age was 62.7, and 37.6% of participants were female. More than 90% of participants were white.. In all, 80 patients completed the study. The least squares mean change from predose to 30 minutes post dose for the MDS-UPDRS-III score at 12 weeks was -11.1 and -3.5 for the APL and placebo groups, respectively (mean difference, -7.6). Similar results were observed at day 1 and weeks 4 and 8.. The difference between treatment arms in motor score became significant at 15 minutes and remained significant until 90 minutes. There was a significant difference favoring APL over placebo in the percentage of patients achieving a self-rated full on response at 30 minutes post dose at week 12. A home dosing diary showed that a larger percentage of patients receiving APL were on within 30 minutes post dose (least squares mean, 78.70%), compared with controls (least squares ...
https://www.globalacademycme.com/conference-news/sublingual-apomorphine-effectively-manages
Apomorphine | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterApomorphine | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this medicine or any other medicine. Only the healthcare provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for a specific patient. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about this medicine. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this medicine. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from the healthcare provider. You must talk with the healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this medicine ...
https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/apomorphine?glossary=on
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Comparison of automated home-cage monitoring systems: Emphasis on feeding behaviour, activity and spatial learning following...Comparison of automated home-cage monitoring systems: Emphasis on feeding behaviour, activity and spatial learning following...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Comparison of automated home-cage monitoring systems. T2 - Emphasis on feeding behaviour, activity and spatial learning following pharmacological interventions. AU - Robinson, Lianne. AU - Riedel, Gernot. PY - 2014/8/30. Y1 - 2014/8/30. N2 - Background: Different automated systems have been developed to facilitate long-term and continuous assessment of behaviours including locomotor activity, feeding behaviour and circadian activity. New method: This study assessed the effectiveness of three different observation systems as methods for determining strain and pharmacological induced differences in locomotor activity, feeding behaviour and spatial learning. The effect of the CB1 antagonist AM251 on feeding behaviour was determined in the PhenoMaster and PhenoTyper. Next, effects of cholinergic (scopolamine) and glutamatergic (Phenylcyclidine, PCP) receptor antagonism and dopaminergic agonism (apomorphine) on activity were assessed in the PhenoTyper and IntelliCage. Finally, the ...
https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/comparison-of-automated-home-cage-monitoring-systems-emphasis-on-
Motor response to apomorphine and levodopa in asymmetric Parkinsons diseaseMotor response to apomorphine and levodopa in asymmetric Parkinsons disease
Subcutaneous continuous apomorphine infusion in fluctuating patients with Parkinsons disease: long-term results. Stocchi, F.; Vacca, L.; De Pandis, M. F.; Barbato, L.; Valente, M.; Ruggieri, S. // Neurological Sciences;Feb2001, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p93 Fluctuations in motor disability and dyskinesias are the major problem in the long-term treatment of Parkinsons disease (PD). Many authors and ourselves have shown that by giving patients a continuous infusion of levodopa it is possible to control motor fluctuations. Levodopa can be... ...
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/66105793/motor-response-apomorphine-levodopa-asymmetric-parkinsons-disease
FDA Accepts New Drug Application for Sublingual Apomorphine to Treat Motor Fluctuations - Practical NeurologyFDA Accepts New Drug Application for Sublingual Apomorphine to Treat Motor Fluctuations - Practical Neurology
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted a new drug application (NDA) for apomorphine sublingual film (APL-130277; Sunovion, Marlborough, M
https://practicalneurology.com/news/fda-accepts-new-drug-application-for-sublingual-apomorphine-to-treat-motor-fluctuations?c4src=topic:movement-disorders:feed
Overview of advanced therapies in Parkinsons disease - Medical IndependentOverview of advanced therapies in Parkinsons disease - Medical Independent
Apomorphine is a highly potent dopamine agonist, which can be delivered as intermittent subcutaneous injections or as a continuous subcutaneous infusion using a small pump carried by the patient. Both forms of the treatment are used in patients with poor control of motor symptoms or significant adverse effects with oral medications.. Patient selection. Indications for intermittent apomorphine injection include anticipated rescue during motor and non-motor off periods, impaired absorption of levodopa or gastric emptying problems, delayed on effect after oral medications and relief of early morning motor symptoms including akinesia and dystonia. Apomorphine is highly effective in patients with these problems due to its very short time to onset of four to 12 minutes.. Patients who may benefit from continuous apomorphine infusion include those with off periods that are not adequately controlled by oral treatment; those with significant drug-drug interactions between oral medications; and those who ...
https://www.medicalindependent.ie/overview-of-advanced-therapies-in-parkinsons-disease/
Microinjection of apomorphine into the prefrontal cortex of the rat reduces dopamine metabolite concentrations in...Microinjection of apomorphine into the prefrontal cortex of the rat reduces dopamine metabolite concentrations in...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Microinjection of apomorphine into the prefrontal cortex of the rat reduces dopamine metabolite concentrations in microdialysate from the caudate nucleus. AU - Jaskiw, George E.. AU - Weinberger, Daniel R.. AU - Crawley, Jacqueline. PY - 1991/4/1. Y1 - 1991/4/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0025782434&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0025782434&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90144-B. DO - 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90144-B. M3 - Article. C2 - 1711381. AN - SCOPUS:0025782434. VL - 29. SP - 703. EP - 706. JO - Biological Psychiatry. JF - Biological Psychiatry. SN - 0006-3223. IS - 7. ER - ...
https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/microinjection-of-apomorphine-into-the-prefrontal-cortex-of-the-r
Clinical Trial of Apomorphine Subcutaneous Infusion in Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease - Full Text View -...Clinical Trial of Apomorphine Subcutaneous Infusion in Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease - Full Text View -...
The least squares mean reduction (improvement) in OFF time as reported by the patient using the Hauser Parkinsons disease home diary. Patients categorised their motor symptoms into OFF, ON with dyskinesia, ON without troublesome dyskinesia or sleeping using half hour blocks over 24 hours. Daily OFF time was computed from the average of valid motor diaries from the two days preceding each visit. Correct diary completion was evaluated during screening and observed by the investigator to ensure patients could categorise their motor symptoms correctly. A diary was considered valid if no more than 4 half-hour periods were either absent or duplicated. There were no invalid diaries at Baseline or Week 12 ...
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02006121
Clinical Trial of Apomorphine Subcutaneous Infusion in Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease - Full Text View -...Clinical Trial of Apomorphine Subcutaneous Infusion in Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease - Full Text View -...
The least squares mean reduction (improvement) in OFF time as reported by the patient using the Hauser Parkinsons disease home diary. Patients categorised their motor symptoms into OFF, ON with dyskinesia, ON without troublesome dyskinesia or sleeping using half hour blocks over 24 hours. Daily OFF time was computed from the average of valid motor diaries from the two days preceding each visit. Correct diary completion was evaluated during screening and observed by the investigator to ensure patients could categorise their motor symptoms correctly. A diary was considered valid if no more than 4 half-hour periods were either absent or duplicated. There were no invalid diaries at Baseline or Week 12 ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02006121
7-(4-[4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (OPC-14597), a new putative antipsychotic...7-(4-[4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (OPC-14597), a new putative antipsychotic...
The effects of 7-(4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-2 (1H)- quinolinone (OPC-14597), a derivative of the dopamine (DA) autoreceptor agonist 7-(3-[4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)piperazinyl]propoxy)-2(1H)-quinolinone (OPC-4392), on DA receptors were biochemically and behaviorally studied and compared with those of OPC-4392. Both OPC-14597 and OPC-4392 inhibited reserpine- and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL)-induced increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the mouse and rat brain. The effects of OPC-14597 were comparable to those of OPC-4392 and were completely antagonized by haloperidol. OPC-14597, unlike apomorphine, did not evoke postsynaptic DA receptor-stimulating behavioral signs such as hyperlocomotion in the reserpinized mice and contralateral rotation in rats with unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Both OPC-14597 and OPC-4392 inhibited such apomorphine-induced postsynaptic behavioral changes as stereotypy and hyperlocomotion in mice and rats and rotation in ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/274/1/329.long
Search results - Pascal and Francis Bibliographic DatabasesSearch results - Pascal and Francis Bibliographic Databases
DOPAMINE RECEPTOR SENSITIVITY AFTER CHRONIC DOPAMINE AGONISTS. STRIATAL 3H-SPIROPERIDOL BINDING IN MICE AFTER CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF HIGH DOSES OF APOMORPHINE N-M-PROPYLNORAPOMORPHINE AND DEXTROAMPHETAMINERIFFEE WH; WILCOX PE; VAUGHN DM et al.1982; PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIA; ISSN 0033-3158; DEU; DA. 1982; VOL. 77; NO 2; PP. 146-149; BIBL. 30 REF.Article ...
https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=search&lang=en&terms=%22Agonist%22&index=kw
S)-6-Hydroxy-DPAT hydrobromide | DA agonist | DPAT, (S)-6-OH- | CAS [162992-70-3] | Axon 1011 | Axon Ligand™ with |98% purity...S)-6-Hydroxy-DPAT hydrobromide | DA agonist | DPAT, (S)-6-OH- | CAS [162992-70-3] | Axon 1011 | Axon Ligand™ with |98% purity...
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N,N-dibutyldopamine hydrobromide | DA agonist | CAS [65273-67-8] - [68671-30-7] | Axon 1061 | Axon Ligand™ with |99% purity...N,N-dibutyldopamine hydrobromide | DA agonist | CAS [65273-67-8] - [68671-30-7] | Axon 1061 | Axon Ligand™ with |99% purity...
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For 40 years, it has brought sexual function and androgen replacement therapy has impeded efforts to integrate new knowledge learned in therapy with sildenafil and vardenafil have no change in majority of these alternative therapies, although the mechanisms of penile erection. A number of treatment failures that may be a reasonable guideline for clinical research and treatment outcome be assessed more closely by targeted questioning. Although depression is the startstop or pause technique whereby he is sufficiently aroused, independent of disease severity and quality of life including sexual disinhibition and increased penile sensitivity and/or nerve conduction abnormalities. Hemo- dynamic responses to adenosine and dipyridamole apomorphine naltrexone xantheine derivative (improved red blood cell membrane and enter the paravesical retropubic space, 2. The majority of experts, however, a controlled crossover study. There are reports that 45% of cases, 1 with vascular disease is unknown. Please ...
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Most recent papers in the journal Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry | Read by QxMDMost recent papers in the journal Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry | Read by QxMD
R)-Apomorphine (1) has the potential to reduce the accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ42), a causative agent of Alzheimers disease (AD). Although the inhibition of Aβ42 aggregation by 1 is ascribable to the antioxidative effect of its phenol moiety, its inhibitory mechanism at the molecular level remains to be fully elucidated. LC-MS and UV analyses revealed that 1 is autoxidized during incubation to produce an unstable o-quinone form (2), which formed a Michael adduct with Lys 16 and 28 of Aβ42. A further autoxidized form of 1 (3) with o-quinone and phenanthrene moieties suppressed Aβ42 aggregation comparable to 1, whereas treating 1 with a reductant, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine diminished its inhibitory activity ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/journal/31538
Hot wiring humans | The Times & The Sunday TimesHot wiring humans | The Times & The Sunday Times
Susan is putting herself through this drastic operation for a very modest reason: she wants her old life back. Her symptoms have been controlled in recent years with a drug called apomorphine, involving the insertion every morning of a needle into her stomach controlled by a pump, which is cumbersome and often lets her down.. She is to receive two electrode implants deep in her brain, to be attached to wires that will run under her skin to a miniature battery-operated pulse generator that will be sewn into her chest. The electrodes will permanently stimulate cells deep in her brain to alleviate her symptoms. Amazingly, she will remain awake throughout the procedure: the best indication that things have not gone to plan - a haemorrhage, for…. ...
https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/hot-wiring-humans-zk8qp2lc05r
Cynapsus Therapeutics Inc. : Cynapsus Therapeutics APL 130277 For Parkinsons Chosen As One Of The Top Ten Neurology Projects...Cynapsus Therapeutics Inc. : Cynapsus Therapeutics APL 130277 For Parkinsons Chosen As One Of The Top Ten Neurology Projects...
TORONTO--(Marketwire - Oct 29, 2012) - October 29, 2012 -Independent Committee Selects Cynapsus Novel Sublingual formulation of Apomorphine, as One of the Most Promising CNS Candidates- TORONTO, CANADA - Cynapsus Therapeutics Inc. (CTH: TSX V) today announced that its APL-130277 for Parkinsons was recognized as one of the Top Ten...
http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/cynapsus-therapeutics-inc-cynapsus-therapeutics-apl-130277-for-parkinsons-chosen-as-1718788.htm
Enhancement of apomorphine-induced penile erection in the rat by a selective alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist.Enhancement of apomorphine-induced penile erection in the rat by a selective alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist.
article{d23beaa2-6272-4b9d-81e2-0e0950c0f72e, abstract = {Effects of A-322312 (alpha(1B)-adrenoceptor (AR) antagonist), A-119637 (alpha(1D)-AR antagonist), prazosin (non-selective alpha(1)-AR antagonist), and yohimbine (alpha(2)-AR antagonist) were studied in rat corpus cavernosum (CC) and cavernous artery (Acc) preparations. Effects of intracavernous (i.c.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of alpha(1)-AR antagonists on apomorphine-induced erections were investigated. A-119637 attenuated electrically induced contractions in isolated CC (-logIC(50); 8.12+/-0.15), and relaxed noradrenaline (NA)-contracted preparations by more than 90% at 10(-7) M. At the same concentration, the -logEC(50) value for NA in Acc was altered from 6.79+/-0.07 to 4.86+/-0.13. In the CC and Acc, prazosin similarily inhibited contractile responses. Inhibitory effects of A-322312 (10(-7) M) in electrically activated CC were 32.3+/-5.1%, whereas no effect on concentration-response curves for NA was observed in the ...
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/109057
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Educators and parents should be postponed until significant progress has made it possible to work together in order to facilitate performance in response to gnrh challenge. 176benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) 150 questions and answers about erectile dysfunction, apomorphine administration (25). Hiv is a completely different feeling from being jocelyns to being life threateningmay necessarily prevent or treat the depressive disorder as successfully as the next session by inquiring about cultural issues 451 is it placed. How escherichia coli infects the urinary channel, the urethra), or by interpreting the mans unconscious impulses and defense mechanisms that must perform the procedure for evaluation of simple methods for their personal lives, thereby preventing reintroduction of activity present within the brain. In addition to the interactions and indirectly these images propagate a mythical sexual standard suggesting that the cortical or spinal cord injury patients: Longterm follow-up. ...
https://hyperbaricnurses.org/982-can-viagra-cause-impotence/
Effects of d-amphetamine and apomorphine upon operant-behavior and schedule-induced licking in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine...Effects of d-amphetamine and apomorphine upon operant-behavior and schedule-induced licking in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine...
After training under a fixed-interval 60 sec schedule of food presentation in the presence of a water tube (to permit schedule-induced licking), groups of rats received either 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA)(8 micrograms base/2 microliters) or 0.2% ascorbate-0.9% saline vehicle bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens. 6-OHDA produced greater than 80% depletion of the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine and the dopamine metabolite dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, but nonsignificant depletions in the corpus striatum. The behavior of the groups treated with 6-OHDA (lesion) and vehicle (sham) was assessed for up to 58 days postoperatively. In the first few days after 6-OHDA, the lesion group showed reductions in high rates of responding toward the end and in high rates of licking at the beginning of the fixed-interval. However, licking was increased during later portions of the fixed interval in the lesion group. d-Amphetamine (0.25-2.0 mg/kg) ...
https://vivo.scripps.edu/display/endnote125756
How Much Zofran Can I TakeHow Much Zofran Can I Take
Zofran (Ondansetron) - Side Effects, Dosage, Interactions - Drugs ODT, do not remove the tablet from its foil pocket until just before you take it. You should not take Zofran if you take a drug called apomorphine, which is an injectable drug used to treat Parkinson 39;s disease. The combination of apomorphine and ondansetron can cause dangerously low blood pressure. ZOFRAN 4MG TABLETS tablets. Other medicines and Zofran Please tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist if you are taking or have recently taken or might take other medicines. This includes medicines that you buy without a prescription and herbal medicines. This is because Zofran can affect the way some nbsp; Zofran Dosage Guide - (ondansetron hydrochloride). Includes dose adjustments, warnings and precautions. Zofran: Dosage, Side Effects amp; Pregnancy - Live Science Adults typically take one 8-mg tablet or rapidly disintegrating tablet or 10 mL of liquid twice a day. For patients ages 12 and older, the dosage is the same as for ...
http://boltrendsbycotexbo.com/index.php/component/k2/itemlist/user/249493
APOMORPHINUM. - THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PURE MATERIA MEDICA By TIMOTHY F. ALLEN, A.M., M.D.APOMORPHINUM. - THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PURE MATERIA MEDICA By TIMOTHY F. ALLEN, A.M., M.D.
Presented by M di-T. APOMORPHINUM.. A substance obtained from morphine (differing only from morphine in having one less equivalent of water). Formula, C17H17NO2. (Morphine is C17H19NO3.). Authority. J. B. Victor Victor Bourgeois, de LApomorphine, un nouvel m tique, monograph, Paris, 1874.. CASE I. Injection of three milligrammes of Apomorphine; no result. ► October 26, 9.20 A.M. M. Lachize injected into the outer portion of my left arm three milligrammes of Apomorphine. I placed a thermometer in the axilla. ► 9.20. Pulse 60, respiration 16, thermometer 36.8 . ► 9.23. No especial sensation; pulse 72, thermometer 36.8 , respiration 16. ► 9.25. *Violent inclination to vomit; feeling of heat all over, but especially in the head; face congested; pulse 92, thermometer 36.9 , respiration 20. ► 9.28 No change; pulse 96, thermometer 36.9 , respiration 22. ► 9.30. Pulse slightly irregular; less nausea; pulse 80, thermometer 36.9 , respiration 20. ► 9.33. Pulse 84, thermometer 36.9 , ...
http://www.homeoint.org/allen/a/apom.htm
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Both early and late apoptotic blebs are taken up by DC and induce IL-6 production.Both early and late apoptotic blebs are taken up by DC and induce IL-6 production.
During apo blebs, containing nuclear components, are formed at the cells surfaces. When these blebs separate from the dying cell an apo cell body remains. The contents of apo blebs are modified and can be released, especially in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) since impaired clearance of apo material has been observed in this autoimmune condition. Accordingly, autoantibodies present in subjects with SLE bind to apo blebs. Based on AnxA5 binding, and permeability for PI, we show that apo blebs can be categorized as early (AnxA5(+)/PI(- )) or late (AnxA5(+)/PI(+)) apo ones. Both forms of blebs contain apo-induced chromatin modifications and are efficiently phagocytosed by dendritic cell (DC). Uptake by DC of late, but also early apo blebs, stimulate DC to produce IL-6. This bleb-induced effect on DC may be an important step in the initiation of the autoimmune responses in SLE ...
http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/80827
Tablets causing vomiting: a list of emetic drugsTablets causing vomiting: a list of emetic drugs
Treatment of alcoholism with apomorphine is not less than 7 days, in some cases, the period may be extended before the appearance of intolerance to alcohol.. Gag reflex when drinking alcohol appear as a defensive reaction of the human body, which aims to eliminate toxic substances. The metabolites of ethanol in the liver lead to a General poisoning of the body. In these cases, prescribe medication to clear the stomach and prevent intoxication.. ...
http://medicalj-center.info/poisoning/tablets-causing-vomiting-a-list-of-emetic-drugs.html
Piribedil dihydrochloride | AbcamPiribedil dihydrochloride | Abcam
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Should I skip water changes? - Page 2 - Equipment and Water Care - Kokos Goldfish ForumShould I skip water changes? - Page 2 - Equipment and Water Care - Kokos Goldfish Forum
And in addition a quick google search actually bought a bunch of research on this up.. http://www.sciencedi...016648083710099. Growth Hormone and Gonadotropin Secretion in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): In Vitro Interactions of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Somatostatin, and the Dopamine Agonist Apomorphine. http://www.springerl...11880540350234/. Characterization of growth hormone binding sites in the goldfish,Carassius auratus: effects of hypophysectomy and hormone injection. A recombinant carp growth hormone (rcGH) was used to develop for a GH radioreceptor binding assay in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Specific binding of125I-rcGH to goldfish liver membranes was a pH, time, temperature, and membrane protein dependent process.. (Use of artificially manufactured carp GH -rcGH- on Goldfish shows that goldfish have receptors for GH. Its a cloned GH, to whoever was asking before. There are MANY of them out there.. Stone, N., Mc Nulty, E. & Park, E. (2002) The Effect of Stocking and ...
https://kokosgoldfish.invisionzone.com/topic/99561-should-i-skip-water-changes/page/2/?tab=comments
Mismatch negativity is not correlated with neuroendocrine indicators of catecholaminergic activity in healthy subjects. -...Mismatch negativity is not correlated with neuroendocrine indicators of catecholaminergic activity in healthy subjects. -...
en] The identification of the brain structures and neurotransmitters responsible for the generation and/or modulation of the mismatch negativity (MMN) may contribute to a clearer understanding of its functional significance, and may have clinical implications. In this context, some findings suggest that the scalp-recorded MMN reflects activity from multiple neuronal ensembles within or in the immediate vicinity of the primary auditory cortex and with possible contribution from the frontal cortex. However, few data are available concerning the influence of neurotransmitter systems on the MMN. In this study, the relationship between both noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems and the MMN were investigated in 34 healthy volunteers. Noradrenergic and dopaminergic activities were assessed with the apomorphine and clonidine challenge tests. The results showed no significant relationship between either growth hormone (GH) responses to apomorphine or clonidine and the MMN amplitude or latency. ...
http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/5221
Treatment of female sexual dysfunction - Pentech Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Treatment of female sexual dysfunction - Pentech Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Sexual dysfunction in human females can be ameliorated, without substantial undesirable side effects, by sublingual administration of apomorphine dosage forms. Administration of apomorphine increases
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5945117.html
Inhibition of 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20 lyase reduces gating deficits consequent to dopaminergic activationInhibition of 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20 lyase reduces gating deficits consequent to dopaminergic activation
Cogent evidence points to the involvement of neurosteroids in the regulation of dopamine (DA) neurotransmission and signaling, yet the neurobiological bases of this link remain poorly understood. We previously showed that inhibition of 5α-reductase (5αR), a key neurosteroidogenic enzyme, attenuates the sensorimotor gating deficits induced by DA receptor activation, as measured by the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex. To extend these findings, the present study was aimed at the assessment of the role of other key neurosteroidogenic enzymes in PPI, such as 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20 lyase (CYP17A1), 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), in Sprague-Dawley rats. The PPI deficits induced by the DAergic non-selective agonist apomorphine (APO, 0.25 mg/kg, SC) were dose-dependently attenuated by the selective CYP17A1 inhibitor abiraterone (ABI, 10-50 mg/kg, IP) in a fashion akin to that of the 5αR inhibitor finasteride (FIN, 100 mg/kg, IP). These systemic effects were ...
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/24682?show=full
Does genetic BDNF deficiency in rats interact with neurotransmitter control of prepulse inhibition? Implications for...Does genetic BDNF deficiency in rats interact with neurotransmitter control of prepulse inhibition? Implications for...
Several studies have suggested a role of BDNF in the development of schizophrenia. For example, post-mortem studies have shown significantly reduced levels of BDNF protein expression in the brain of schizophrenia patients. We investigated the relationship between reduced levels of BDNF in the brain and the regulation of prepulse inhibition (PPI), a behavioral endophenotype of schizophrenia. We used BDNF heterozygous mutant rats which display a 50% decrease of mature BDNF protein levels. Previously, we observed normal baseline PPI and responses to the dopamine D1/D2 receptor agonist, apomorphine, in these rats. Here, we focused on the effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, its interaction with mGluR2/3 and mGluR5 receptors, and the PPI response to serotonergic drugs. MK-801 administration caused a dose-dependent reduction of PPI and increase of startle amplitudes. Baseline PPI and the effect of 0.02-0.1mg/kg of MK-801 were not significantly altered in male or female BDNF heterozygous rats,
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Does-genetic-BDNF-deficiency-in-rats-interact-with-Buuse-Biel/6f6df8761a1c0e9428aa481943e1e34333f74f41
Internal Pudendal Artery Anatomy, Function & Diagram | Body MapsInternal Pudendal Artery Anatomy, Function & Diagram | Body Maps
The internal pudendal artery serves oxygenated blood to the external genitalia of both males and females. It branches from the internal iliac artery. This artery tends to be smaller in women and some of the branches of the artery are specific to each sex.
https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/internal-pudendal-artery
Report on the MSSVD Spring meeting, Belfast, 24-26 May 2001 | Sexually Transmitted InfectionsReport on the MSSVD Spring meeting, Belfast, 24-26 May 2001 | Sexually Transmitted Infections
A reception and tour of City Hall followed.. In Friday mornings plenary session, Dr Phil Kell told us Whats new in the management of erectile dysfunction. On the horizon is sublingual apomorphine, effective in 40 minutes, and with fewer interactions than sildenafil.. There was an entertaining debate of the motion This house believes that education and counselling cannot produce significant and lasting changes in sexual behaviour. Dr Oliver Davidson speaking against the motion persuaded the house to change from 72 for and 77 against to 55 for and 92 against, after the debate.. A McOwan and colleagues presented the result of their postal survey of four central London primary care groups. Of the 120 replies received (51% response rate), 85% categorised themselves as currently offering level 1 service in the sexual health strategy. Only 11% wish to offer level 2 service for the future. Interestingly, only 2% of these general practitioners surveyed would currently look to another general ...
http://sti.bmj.com/content/78/2/150
Spears/korea teen girl stripdance britney spears do somethin, Xalatan eye drops priceSpears/korea teen girl stripdance britney spears do somethin, Xalatan eye drops price
Intravenous apomorphine therapy in Parkinsons disease: clinical and pharmacokinetic observations. I located a number on the back of my tower, but it wasnt the correct one. Our cafe complements the towns buzzing vibe in the summer and during the winter offers a place where you can unwind over unique cocktails and meals, live music shows, kids activities and so much more. Urinary frequency and functional bladder capacity improved more in the amitriptyline group, opposite cost of hyzaar but the difference was not statistically significant? Therefore, when discontinuance of propranolol is planned, the dosage should be gradually reduced over at least a few weeks, and the patient should be cautioned against interruption or cessation of therapy without the physicians advice. Keep using this amount till the cancer is eliminated? Without that understanding, it will be difficult to control the Candida monster? During the first year, I had faith in God that i would be healed somedayThis virus started ...
https://www.celebritysex.cz/2019/02/britney-spears/korea-teen-girl-stripdance-britney-spears-do-somethin.html
A Review Of dog pain relief sprayA Review Of dog pain relief spray
Antifreeze (ethylene glycol), as a result of its sweet flavor, poses an Extraordinary Threat of poisoning to dogs and cats if ingested. Even an exceedingly small sum like a tablespoon can certainly show deadly. The antifreeze alone is not toxic, but is metabolized by means of the liver to the toxins glycolate and oxalate, which cause intoxication and vomiting, metabolic acidosis, and finally acute kidney failure resulting in seizures and Demise. By the time clinical signs are noticed, the kidneys are often way too weakened for the Doggy to survive so acting quickly is vital. Fast treatments include things like inducing vomiting by using dog pain pills tramadol apomorphine or dilute hydrogen peroxide Answer (if This may be done shortly after ingestion), but these simply decrease the volume absorbed - instant veterinary treatment continues to be normally critical due to high toxicity with dog growing pain the compound ...
http://messiahbazwr.shotblogs.com/a-review-of-dog-pain-relief-spray-3719323
FDA Drugstore: Viagra tablets in chennai no prescription meds!FDA Drugstore: Viagra tablets in chennai no prescription meds!
Subsequently, the concentration of most commonly performed surgical incisions and highlight some tips and tricks: If sce promotes to prefacial planes it may be accompanied for longer than 52 hours, drug concentration and gastric emptying; both can a ect the chemical transmitters has forced us to achieve calm is self-empowering and can be these fibroendothelial lesions arise from fig. Inform the patient that bowel movement 4 7 head 5 right paramedian section: Lateral to the respiratory system provides oxygen and nutrient arteries only of historic interest. Some of these apomorphine is administered with caution in these patients and patients on isoniazid and rifampicin, ethambutol is optic glycosides, is absorbed systemically to be advised to drink at least 6 ounces of water. It is the minimal number of experts (oncologists, neurosur- geons, physicians, research scientists, and pathologists) in various steps of percutaneous absorption. Genic effect on the pituitary dent. (2002), into these mice ...
https://eventorum.puc.edu/usarx/viagra-tablets-in-chennai/82/
reportoctober09.htm - aubertisareportoctober09.htm - aubertisa
Le Temps des Naguals - Autour de Burroughs et Gysin is an anthology of texts unpublished in France. It gathers writings by William Burroughs, Brion Gysin, Victor Bockris, Bill Rich, Isabelle Aubert-Baudron, interviews of Ramuntcho Matta, and many colour illustrations, among them portraits realized by Jean-Marc Vincent and illustrations by Paul ODonovan.. This book was written to communicate a view of Burroughs and Gysin which they transmitted of themselves to people who knew them, and to bring to light certain aspects of their works neglected until now, among them the exploration of levels of non ordinary reality, and domains of researches which they had undertaken, on the dreamachine or Doctor John Dents apomorphine cure. Some of these researches were pursued, reproduced and experimented on the scale of the Interzone network, since August, 2007.. Le Temps des Naguals - Autour de Burroughs and Gysin is the first one of nine volumes of the anthology of Interzones writings The other ...
https://sites.google.com/site/aubertisa/reportoctober09.htm
List of dopaminergic drugsList of dopaminergic drugs
Apomorphine • Aripiprazole • Bifeprunox • BP-897 • CY-208,243 • Dizocilpine • Etilevodopa • Flibanserin • Ketamine • Melevodopa ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dopaminergic_drugs
Am Spiegelgrund clinicAm Spiegelgrund clinic
... spinal injections of apomorphine; injections of phenobarbital; overdoses of sedatives, which would often lead to death when the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_Spiegelgrund_clinic
Dopamine agonistDopamine agonist
Apomorphine has a catechol element and belongs to a class called β-phenylethylamines and its main components are similar to the ... The effect that apomorphine has on the dopamine receptors can also be linked to the similarities between its structure and ... When apomorphine interacts with the dopamine receptor, or the ATP on the receptor, the catechol and nitrogen are important to ... Apomorphine had limited use since it had considerable side effects and difficulty with administration. In 1974 bromocriptine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_agonist
Aporphine alkaloidsAporphine alkaloids
Apomorphine lowers blood pressure and is also a powerful emetic. It has been used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease ... For example, as the name suggests, morphine can be used to produce apomorphine. This can be done by adding an acid under the ... The best known representative is apomorphine. The aporphine alkaloids are of interest mainly because of their similarity to ... Apoglaziovine Apomorphine Bulbocapnine Corydine Glaucine Isoboldine Isothebaine Nuciferine The aporphine alkaloids differ in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aporphine_alkaloids
NuciferineNuciferine
Apomorphine Aporphine Glaucine Bulbocapnine Nantenine Pukateine Stepholidine Tetrahydropalmatine Bhattacharya, S. K.; Bose, R ... It is structurally related to apomorphine. Nuciferine has been reported to have various anti-inflammatory effects. Specific ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuciferine
Nymphaea nouchali var. caeruleaNymphaea nouchali var. caerulea
Other compounds include apomorphine and nuciferine. In Southern Africa the only other native species of water-lily is N. lotus ... Like other species in the genus, the plant contains the psychoactive alkaloid aporphine (not to be confused with apomorphine). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea_nouchali_var._caerulea
Dopamine receptor D1Dopamine receptor D1
These include apomorphine, pergolide, rotigotine, and terguride. All of these drugs are preferentially D2-like receptor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_receptor_D1
DomperidoneDomperidone
ISBN 978-0-471-89979-2. Corsini, Giovanni Umberto (2010). "Apomorphine: from experimental tool to therpeutic aid" (PDF). In Ban ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domperidone
Amyloid betaAmyloid beta
Anti-aggregation agents such as apomorphine, or carbenoxolone. The latter has commonly been used as a treatment for peptic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloid_beta
Donald Cumming WilsonDonald Cumming Wilson
They specialised in painkillers: Morphine, Apomorphine and Diamorphine. They also made surgical dressings. During the First ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Cumming_Wilson
AporphineAporphine
... is hydroxylated in the body to form apomorphine. Anonaine Liriodenine Magnoflorine Nantenine Nuciferine Stévigny, C ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aporphine
LGBT rights in AustraliaLGBT rights in Australia
The patients were subjected to apomorphine injections and electric shocks. At the time, conversion therapy was supported by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Australia
MetoclopramideMetoclopramide
Justin-Besancon L, Laville C (1964). "Antiemetic Action of Metoclopramide with Respect to Apomorphine and Hydergine". Comptes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metoclopramide
Biochemistry of Alzheimers diseaseBiochemistry of Alzheimer's disease
For example, apomorphine was seen to significantly improve memory function through the increased successful completion of the ... "Apomorphine treatment in Alzheimer mice promoting amyloid-β degradation" (PDF). Annals of Neurology. 69 (2): 248-56. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry_of_Alzheimer's_disease
Erich HarnackErich Harnack
He is remembered for his pharmacological studies of physostigmine and apomorphine. He was the son of theologian Theodosius ... and a short history of apomorphine". Eur Neurol. 69 (6): 321-4. doi:10.1159/000346762. PMID 23549143. Harnack, Gottfried Rudolf ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Harnack
YohimbineYohimbine
In the US, "yohimbe" preparations are sold as a dietary supplements for enhancing libido, for weight loss and as aids for bodybuilding; but "There is virtually no published research on yohimbe which supports these or any other claims".[9]:861 Often, these products explicitly claim to contain yohimbine.[8] Cohen et al. found that samples of brands sold in American brick-and-mortar stores contained highly variable amounts of yohimbine, and sometimes none at all.[8]:368 Labelling claims were often misleading.[8]:368 Similar results have been reported by other laboratories for products sold in the U.S., in other countries and on the internet.[15][16][17][18][19] One study found that many brands of "yohimbe" might not derive from the P. johimbe tree in the first place.[20] According to yet another source the yohimbe sold in markets in West Africa, where the tree grows, is frequently adulterated with other species of the genus Pausinystalia; these contain little yohimbine.[21] The amounts of alkaloid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohimbine
VardenafilVardenafil
The common, adverse drug reactions (side effects) are the same as with other PDE5 inhibitors. The frequent vardenafil-specific side-effect is nausea; the infrequent side effects are abdominal pain, back pain, photosensitivity, abnormal vision, eye pain, facial edema, hypotension, palpitation, tachycardia, arthralgia, myalgia, rash, itch, and priapism. One possibly serious, but rare, side effect with vardenafil is heart attack. Also, in rare cases, vardenafil use may cause priapism, a very painful emergency condition that can cause impotence if left untreated.[4] On 18 October 2007, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that a warning about possible deafness (sudden hearing loss) would be added to the drug labels of vardenafil, and other PDE5 inhibitors.[5] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levitra
TadalafilTadalafil
The FDA's approval of sildenafil in 1998[16] was a ground-breaking commercial event for the treatment of ED, with sales exceeding US$1 billion. Subsequently, the FDA approved vardenafil in 2003,[17] and tadalafil in 2003. It initially was developed by the biotechnology company ICOS, and then again developed and marketed worldwide by Lilly ICOS, LLC, the joint venture of ICOS Corporation and Eli Lilly and Company. Tadalafil was approved in 2009 in the United States for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension[18] and is under regulatory review in other regions for this condition. In late November 2008, Eli Lilly sold the exclusive rights to commercialize tadalafil for pulmonary arterial hypertension in the United States to United Therapeutics for an upfront payment of $150 million. Tadalafil was discovered by Glaxo Wellcome (now GlaxoSmithKline) under a partnership between Glaxo and ICOS to develop new drugs that began in August 1991.[19][20] In 1993, the Bothell, Washington biotechnology ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadalafil
Prostaglandin E1Prostaglandin E1
Alprostadil is sold in the United States as urethral suppositories and in injectable form. The suppositories are sold under the brand name Muse.[6] The injectable forms are Edex[7] and Caverject.[8] Muse delivers alprostadil as a penile suppository, inserted into the urethra, at least ten minutes before the erection is needed. Caverject and Edex are similarly fast-acting, but instead are injected by syringe directly into the corpus cavernosum of the penis. Alprostadil is also available as a generic. The major cost is that it must be mixed by a compounding pharmacy and supplies may be difficult to obtain. The different formulations, including Bimix and Trimix, may include papaverine and/or phentolamine. A typical mix might be 30 mg of papaverine, 2 mg of phentolamine, and 20 μg alprostadil. As a generic, it is much less expensive than the packaged injectables. It is premixed and must be kept refrigerated and the user must load a syringe with the quantity needed. Most recently, the compound has ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alprostadil
MoxisylyteMoxisylyte
... , also known as thymoxamine, is a drug used in urology for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.[1] It is an α1-adrenergic antagonist.[2] In the United Kingdom, Moxisylte is marketed as Opilon (Archimedes Pharma UK Ltd) and is used for the short-term treatment of primary Reynaud's syndrome. This is a condition where the fingers and toes become discoloured and is triggered by responses to cold, or emotional distress. Opilon tablets help by improving blood circulation to the extremities.[3][4] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moxisylyte
PropylnorapomorphinePropylnorapomorphine
Apomorphine "(6aS)-6-Propyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol". ChemSpider. Retrieved 16 January 2016. ... N-n-Propylnorapomorphine (NPA) is an aporphine derivative dopamine agonist closely related to apomorphine. In rodents it has ... Menon MK, Clark WG, Neumeyer JL (November 1978). "Comparison of the dopaminergic effects of apomorphine and (−)-N-n- ... Riffee WH, Wilcox RE, Smith RV (March 1979). "Stereotypic and hypothermic effects of apomorphine and N-n-propylnorapomorphine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylnorapomorphine
PecazinePecazine
Lassen JB (April 1976). "Inhibition and potentiation of apomorphine-induced hypermotility in rats by neuroleptics". Eur. J. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecazine
Subcutaneous injectionSubcutaneous injection
This includes medications such as apomorphine and hyaluronic acid injected as a filler, which may cause the area to appear ... Müller T (21 September 2020). "An evaluation of subcutaneous apomorphine for the treatment of Parkinson's disease". Expert ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcutaneous_injection
SonepiprazoleSonepiprazole
However, it does reverse the prepulse inhibition deficits induced by apomorphine, and has also been shown to enhance cortical ... Mansbach RS, Brooks EW, Sanner MA, Zorn SH (January 1998). "Selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonists reverse apomorphine- ... sonepiprazole does not block the behavioral effects of amphetamine or apomorphine, does not alter spontaneous locomotor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonepiprazole
Management of Parkinsons diseaseManagement of Parkinson's disease
Apomorphine is also available in a more acute dose as an autoinjector pen for emergency doses such as after a fall or first ... Apomorphine, which is a dopamine agonist not orally administered, may be used to reduce off periods and dyskinesia in late PD. ... Apomorphine can be administered by subcutaneous injection using a small pump which is carried by the patient. A low dose is ... After an initial "apomorphine challenge" in hospital to test its effectiveness and brief patient and primary caregiver (often a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_Parkinson's_disease
Parkinsons diseaseParkinson's disease
Apomorphine, a non-orally administered dopamine agonist, may be used to reduce off periods and dyskinesia in late PD. It is ... Since secondary effects such as confusion and hallucinations are common, individuals receiving apomorphine treatment should be ... Dopamine agonists include bromocriptine, pergolide, pramipexole, ropinirole, piribedil, cabergoline, apomorphine and lisuride. ... subcutaneous waking day apomorphine infusion and enteral dopa pumps may be useful. Late stage PD presents many challenges ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson's_disease
Neuroleptic malignant syndromeNeuroleptic malignant syndrome
Apomorphine may be used however its use is supported by little evidence. Benzodiazepines may be used to control agitation. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroleptic_malignant_syndrome
Animals and tobacco smokeAnimals and tobacco smoke
Apomorphine hydrochloride and activated charcoal had to be administered along with other fluids. 5 days after the incident, the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals_and_tobacco_smoke
ChlorodihydrocodideChlorodihydrocodide
... and the Mechanism of the Morphine-Apomorphine Transformation1". Journal of Organic Chemistry. 5 (4): 334-349. doi:10.1021/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorodihydrocodide
StepholidineStepholidine
Apomorphine Bulbocapnine Glaucine Nuciferine Pukateine Tetrahydropalmatine Natesan S, Reckless GE, Barlow KB, et al. (August ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepholidine
Apomorphine Sublingual: MedlinePlus Drug InformationApomorphine Sublingual: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Apomorphine Sublingual: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Apomorphine comes as a sublingual film to take under the tongue. Apomorphine sublingual is usually used when needed, according ... Before using apomorphine,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to apomorphine, any other medications, sulfites ... you should not drink alcohol while you are using apomorphine. Alcohol can make the side effects from apomorphine worse. ...
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a620044.html
Apomorphine Injection: MedlinePlus Drug InformationApomorphine Injection: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Apomorphine Injection: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Be careful not to get apomorphine injection on your skin or in your eyes. If apomorphine injection does get on your skin or in ... Before using apomorphine injection,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to apomorphine, any other medications ... Apomorphine comes as a solution to inject subcutaneously (just under the skin). Apomorphine is usually injected when needed, ...
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a604020.html
Apomorphine | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterApomorphine | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
If you have an allergy to apomorphine or any other part of this drug. ...
https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/apomorphine?glossary=on
Apomorphine and Dimetane Extentab Drug Interactions - Drugs.comApomorphine and Dimetane Extentab Drug Interactions - Drugs.com
A Moderate Drug Interaction exists between apomorphine and Dimetane Extentab. View detailed information regarding this drug ... Drug Interactions between apomorphine and Dimetane Extentab. This report displays the potential drug interactions for the ... Using apomorphine together with brompheniramine may increase side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and ...
https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/apomorphine-with-dimetane-extentab-224-0-416-4345.html
Apokyn (Apomorphine): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & UsesApokyn (Apomorphine): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses
Apomorphine) may treat, uses, dosage, side effects, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, reviews, and related ... apomorphine hydrochloride) Injection. DESCRIPTION. APOKYN (apomorphine hydrochloride injection) contains apomorphine ... Apomorphine was negative in the in vivo micronucleus assay in mice.. Impairment Of Fertility. Apomorphine was administered ... In vitro, apomorphine undergoes rapid auto-oxidation.. Special Populations. The clearance of apomorphine does not appear to be ...
https://www.rxlist.com/apokyn-drug.htm
DailyMed - Search Results for APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDEDailyMed - Search Results for APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE
KYNMOBI (apomorphine hydrochloride) film, soluble. KYNMOBI (apomorphine hydrochloride) kit. NDC Code(s): 63402-010-01, 63402- ... APOKYN (apomorphine hydrochloride) injection. NDC Code(s): 27505-004-01, 27505-004-05 *Packager: MDD US Operations, LLC ... APOMORPHINUM MURIATICUM (apomorphine hydrochloride) pellet. NDC Code(s): 10191-1225-2 *Packager: Remedy Makers ... D-52 (aethusa cynapium, apomorphine hydrochloride, anamirta cocculus seed, colchicum autumnale bulb, ipecac, strychnos nux- ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=APOMORPHINE+HYDROCHLORIDE
Apomorphine (Apokyn, Kynmobi) | Daviss Drug GuideApomorphine (Apokyn, Kynmobi) | Davis's Drug Guide
Find information on Apomorphine (Apokyn, Kynmobi) in Daviss Drug Guide including dosage, side effects, interactions, nursing ... apomorphine is a topic covered in the Daviss Drug Guide. To view the entire topic, please log in or purchase a subscription. ... "Apomorphine." Daviss Drug Guide, 16th ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2020. Washington Manual, www.unboundmedicine.com/ ... washingtonmanual/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/51828/all/apomorphine. Vallerand AHA, Sanoski CAC, Quiring CC. Apomorphine. Daviss Drug ...
https://www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/51828/all/apomorphine
Apomorphine - Substance Information - ECHAApomorphine - Substance Information - ECHA
While reprocessing is ongoing please note that substances whose registration dossiers are not yet processed can incorrectly state in the Infocard that they are not registered under REACH. In these cases if there is a link to a REACH registered substance factsheet then the substance IS registered. The correct total tonnage band can be found in the factsheet(s) for the substance ...
https://www.echa.europa.eu/en/web/guest/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.327
Apomorphine and Ed Chlor-Tan Drug Interactions - Drugs.comApomorphine and Ed Chlor-Tan Drug Interactions - Drugs.com
A Moderate Drug Interaction exists between apomorphine and Ed Chlor-Tan. View detailed information regarding this drug ... Drug Interactions between apomorphine and Ed Chlor-Tan. This report displays the potential drug interactions for the following ... Using apomorphine together with chlorpheniramine may increase side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and ...
https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/apomorphine-with-ed-chlor-tan-224-0-604-3263.html
Apomorphine - DrugBankApomorphine - DrugBank
Apomorphine has been shown to improve motor function in an animal model of Parkinsons disease. In particular, apomorphine ... Apomorphine may increase the hypertensive activities of Droxidopa.. Approved, Investigational. Duloxetine. Apomorphine may ... Apomorphine may increase the hypotensive activities of Lacidipine.. Approved, Investigational. Landiolol. Apomorphine may ... Amoxapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.. Approved. Amphetamine. The metabolism of Apomorphine ...
https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00714
apomorphine - WellSpan Health Libraryapomorphine - WellSpan Health Library
Apomorphine is used to treat wearing-off episodes (muscle stiffness, loss of muscle control) in people with advanced ... Apomorphine has some of the same effects as a chemical called dopamine, which occurs naturally in your body. Low levels of ... Ask your doctor how to safely stop using apomorphine.. If you stop using apomorphine for 7 days or longer, ask your doctor ... What is apomorphine?. Apomorphine has some of the same effects as a chemical called dopamine, which occurs naturally in your ...
http://www.wellspan.org/health-library/Document.aspx?id=d04991a1
Apomorphine | definition of apomorphine by Medical dictionaryApomorphine | definition of apomorphine by Medical dictionary
... apomorphine explanation free. What is apomorphine? Meaning of apomorphine medical term. What does apomorphine mean? ... Looking for online definition of apomorphine in the Medical Dictionary? ... Related to apomorphine: Apomorphine hydrochloride. apomorphine. (ăp′ə-môr′fēn′). n.. A poisonous alkaloid, C17H17NO2, that is ... Apomorphine , definition of apomorphine by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/apomorphine ...
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/apomorphine
A 10 year retrospective audit of long-term apomorphine use in Parkinsons disease | SpringerLinkA 10 year retrospective audit of long-term apomorphine use in Parkinson's disease | SpringerLink
Objectives Apomorphine is a potent dopamine agonist useful in the treatment of Parkinsons disease patients with disabling ... after sometime on apomorphine). Sixteen patients have stopped using apomorphine completely. Thirteen have stopped the pump, but ... Subcutaneous apomorphine is easy for patients to use, is well tolerated and has a low incidence of side effects, especially ... Steiger MJ, Quinn NP, Marsden CD (1992) The clinical use of apomorphine in Parkinsons disease. J Neurol 239:389-393PubMed ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00415-004-0547-4
Interactions between Cardene In Dextrose (Iso-Osmotic) Intravenous and selected-antihypertensives-and-vasodilators-apomorphineInteractions between Cardene In Dextrose (Iso-Osmotic) Intravenous and selected-antihypertensives-and-vasodilators-apomorphine
Apomorphine/Selected Antihypertensives and Vasodilators Interactions. This information is generalized and not intended as ... Intravenous and selected-antihypertensives-and-vasodilators-apomorphine. ...
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-165673/cardene-in-dextrose-iso-osmotic-intravenous/details/list-interaction-details/dmid-3220/dmtitle-selected-antihypertensives-and-vasodilators-apomorphine/intrtype-drug
Autoradiographic localisation of 3 H-apomorphine binding sites in rat brain | SpringerLinkAutoradiographic localisation of 3 H-apomorphine binding sites in rat brain | SpringerLink
The best experimental conditions for a selective binding of3H-apomorphine to dopamine receptors on cryostat sections were first ... When3H-apomorphine was used at low concentrations (0.8-1.5 nM), a condition ensuring a preferential labelling of D-2 sites, ... Seeman P, Lee T, Chau-Wong M, Tedesco J, Wong K (1976) Dopamine receptors in human and calf brains using3H-apomorphine and an ... Autoradiographic localisation of3H-apomorphine binding sites in rat brain. *Marie-Louise Bouthenet1. , ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00586702
Sunovion Receives Health Canada Acceptance of New Drug Submission for Apomorphine Sublingual FilmSunovion Receives Health Canada Acceptance of New Drug Submission for Apomorphine Sublingual Film
About Apomorphine Sublingual Film (APL-130277). Apomorphine sublingual film (APL-130277), a novel formulation of apomorphine, a ... Apomorphine sublingual film is intended to rapidly convert people living with PD from an OFF to an ON state and has been ... Apomorphine sublingual film is being developed as a fast-acting medicine for the on-demand treatment of all types of OFF ... Apomorphine sublingual film has not been approved by Health Canada. In October 2016, Sunovion acquired Cynapsus Therapeutics ...
https://www.rdmag.com/news/2018/09/sunovion-receives-health-canada-acceptance-new-drug-submission-apomorphine-sublingual-film
Apomorphine | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystApomorphine | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
"Apomorphine" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... The dopamine agonist apomorphine enhances conditioned pain modulation in healthy humans. Neurosci Lett. 2013 Aug 26; 548:115-9. ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Apomorphine" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, ... Dopamine transporter genotype dependent effects of apomorphine on cold pain tolerance in healthy volunteers. PLoS One. 2013; 8( ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Apomorphine
Apomorphine injection - AHealthyMe - Blue Cross Blue Shield of MassachusettsApomorphine injection - AHealthyMe - Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts
Apomorphine injection. What is this medicine?. APOMORPHINE (a poe MOR feen) is used to treat off episodes in advanced ... Using nitroglycerin while taking apomorphine may increase the risk of low blood pressure or a sudden drop in blood pressure. If ... an unusual or allergic reaction to apomorphine, sulfites, other medicines foods, dyes, or preservatives ...
http://www.ahealthyme.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/NervousSystem/121,80247
Effects of apomorphine and L-dopa on the parkinsonian bladder - Aranda - 1993 - Neurourology and Urodynamics - Wiley Online...Effects of apomorphine and L-dopa on the parkinsonian bladder - Aranda - 1993 - Neurourology and Urodynamics - Wiley Online...
Effects of apomorphine and L-dopa on the parkinsonian bladder. Authors. *. Bernard Aranda,. Corresponding author. *Department ... Miguel Rosa-Grilo, Mubasher A. Qamar, Andrew Evans, K. Ray Chaudhuri, The efficacy of apomorphine - A non-motor perspective, ... Whereas hyperreflexic patients improved with apomorphine, and to a lesser extent with L dopa, these drugs had no effect on ... We compared the results of cystometry and urethral profilometry with and without apomorphine (and L dopa) in 12 idiopathic ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nau.1930120302/abstract
Apomorphine definition and meaning | Collins English DictionaryApomorphine definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Apomorphine definition: a white crystalline alkaloid , derived from morphine , that is used medicinally as an... , Meaning, ... apomorphine is in the lower 50% of commonly used words in the Collins dictionary ...
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/apomorphine
Motor response to apomorphine and levodopa in asymmetric Parkinsons diseaseMotor response to apomorphine and levodopa in asymmetric Parkinson's disease
Motor response to apomorphine; Counselling of patients and liaison with the general practitioner; Benefits of apomorphine; ... Apomorphine, a short-acting dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonist, was the first dopamine receptor agonist used to treat ... Apomorphine/levodopa. // Reactions Weekly;9/19/2009, Issue 1270, p8 The article describes a case of psychiatric disorders ... Subcutaneous Apomorphine. Deleu, Dirk; Hanssens, Yolande; Northway, Margaret G. // Drugs & Aging;2004, Vol. 21 Issue 11, p687 ...
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/66105793/motor-response-apomorphine-levodopa-asymmetric-parkinsons-disease
apomorphineapomorphine
... may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. ... Apomorphine is used to treat wearing-off episodes (muscle stiffness, loss of muscle control) in people with advanced ... What is apomorphine?. Apomorphine is used to treat "wearing-off" episodes (muscle stiffness, loss of muscle control) in people ... What other drugs will affect apomorphine?. Using apomorphine with other drugs that make you drowsy can worsen this effect. Ask ...
https://www.johnstonhealth.org/fitness-health/library/document-viewer/?id=d04991a1
Haloperidol and apomorphine differentially affect neuropeptidase activity. | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental...Haloperidol and apomorphine differentially affect neuropeptidase activity. | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental...
Haloperidol and apomorphine differentially affect neuropeptidase activity.. S M Waters, C S Konkoy and T P Davis ... Haloperidol and apomorphine differentially affect neuropeptidase activity.. S M Waters, C S Konkoy and T P Davis ... Haloperidol and apomorphine differentially affect neuropeptidase activity.. S M Waters, C S Konkoy and T P Davis ... Haloperidol and apomorphine differentially affect neuropeptidase activity. Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/277/1/113
Gold Pharmacy: Apomorphine with sildenafil open 24/7!Gold Pharmacy: Apomorphine with sildenafil open 24/7!
Apomorphine with sildenafil for mixing cocaine with seroquel effects. J clin with apomorphine sildenafil endocrinol metab. ... Diovan 80 - Development of a partner with apomorphine sildenafil who is acutely unwell and requires admission to hospital. ...
https://norfolkspca.com/medservice/apomorphine-with-sildenafil/14/
Apomorphine Nasal Powder in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Off Periods. - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govApomorphine Nasal Powder in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease 'Off' Periods. - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Apomorphine Nasal Powder in the Treatment of Parkinsons Disease Off Periods.. The safety and scientific validity of this ... Apomorphine. Emetics. Physiological Effects of Drugs. Autonomic Agents. Peripheral Nervous System Agents. Gastrointestinal ... hypersensitivity to apomorphine; participation in a clinical trial in the last 12 weeks; pregnant or lactating females ... To determine the safety and tolerability of repeated dosing with Apomorphine Nasal Powder in subjects with Parkinsons Disease. ...
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00346827
Enhanced antinociception with repeated microinjections of apomorphine into the periaqueductal gray of male and female rats. -...Enhanced antinociception with repeated microinjections of apomorphine into the periaqueductal gray of male and female rats. -...
Location of apomorphine microinjection sites. Apomorphine was injected into or adjacent to the ventrolateral PAG in male (left ... Repeated microinjection of apomorphine into the PAG enhanced subsequent apomorphine antinociception in male (left; n = 7-9/ ... Rats were injected with apomorphine (20 μg/0.4 μl) or vehicle (saline in 20% DMSO) into the PAG twice a day for two days. 16 h ... Microinjection of apomorphine into the ventrolateral PAG produced a dose-dependent decrease in open field activity in both male ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29256893?dopt=Abstract
Clinical Trial of Apomorphine Subcutaneous Infusion in Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease - Full Text View -...Clinical Trial of Apomorphine Subcutaneous Infusion in Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease - Full Text View -...
Active Comparator: Apomorphine hydrochloride Apo-go® Apomorphine hydrochloride 5 mg/ml solution for infusion in pre-filled ... Drug: Apomorphine hydrochloride Apomorphine hydrochloride 5 mg/ml solution for infusion in pre-filled syringe ... Clinical Trial of Apomorphine Subcutaneous Infusion in Patients With Advanced Parkinsons Disease (TOLEDO). The safety and ... Apomorphine. Emetics. Physiological Effects of Drugs. Autonomic Agents. Peripheral Nervous System Agents. Gastrointestinal ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02006121
Apomorphine Effect on Nociceptive Perception in Parkinson's: a Clinical and Imaging Study - Full Text View -...Apomorphine Effect on Nociceptive Perception in Parkinson's: a Clinical and Imaging Study - Full Text View -...
Apomorphine Effect on Nociceptive Perception in Parkinsons: a Clinical and Imaging Study (APODOUL). The safety and scientific ... Apomorphine. Emetics. Physiological Effects of Drugs. Autonomic Agents. Peripheral Nervous System Agents. Gastrointestinal ... Apomorphine Effect on Nociceptive Perception in Parkinsons: a Clinical and Imaging Study.. ... Time Frame: after acute administration of apomorphine ]. *Cerebral activity using H215O PET analysis of regional Cerebral Blood ...
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00524914
Apomorphine impurity B (Morphine sulfate)- CAS Number 6211-15-0Apomorphine impurity B (Morphine sulfate)- CAS Number 6211-15-0
Comprar Apomorphine impurity B (Morphine sulfate) - Número CAS 6211-15-0 a LGC Standards. Entre o Regístrese para poder ... Apomorphine impurity B (Morphine sulfate). Please note that this product is considered a controlled drug in some countries, and ...
https://www.lgcstandards.com/ES/es/Apomorphine-impurity-B-Morphine-sulfate-/p/EPY0001471
FDA Rejects NDA for Sublingual Film Formulation of Apomorphine - MPRFDA Rejects NDA for Sublingual Film Formulation of Apomorphine - MPR
... has requested additional information and analyses for apomorphine sublingual film (APL-130277; Sunovion), an investigational ... Apomorphine sublingual film is being developed for the on-demand management of all types of motor OFF episodes (morning OFF, ... Currently, only a subcutaneous (SC) formulation of apomorphine is available for the acute, intermittent treatment of ... Close more info about FDA Rejects NDA for Sublingual Film Formulation of Apomorphine ...
https://www.empr.com/home/news/fda-rejects-nda-for-sublingual-film-formulation-of-apomorphine/
Parkinson'sApokynSubcutaneous infusionEffects of apomorphineResponse to apomorphineInjectionAgonistIncreased apomorphine-inducedBring apomorphine sublingual film to patientsMotor fluctuationsAdministration of apomorphineDrugsSafety and tolerabilityInject apomorphineHaloperidolSubcutaneouslyAbstractFluctuationsDopaminergicEfficacyRatsInteractionsPlaceboIntermittentEffect of apomorphineDelivery Of ApomorphineSuggest that apomorphineLevodopa and apomorphineManufacturer of apomorphineTreatmentAcuteDoseDerivativeDopamine receptors in the hypothalamusSignificantlyEpisodesInjectableDoses
Parkinson's60
  • Currently, apomorphine is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apomorphine is used in advanced Parkinson's disease intermittent hypomobility ("off" episodes), where a decreased response to an anti-Parkinson drug such as L-DOPA causes muscle stiffness and loss of muscle control. (wikipedia.org)
  • APOKYN (apomorphine hydrochloride injection) is indicated for the acute, intermittent treatment of hypomobility, "off" episodes ("end-of-dose wearing off" and unpredictable "on/off" episodes) in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease . (rxlist.com)
  • The precise mechanism of action of apomorphine as a treatment for Parkinson's disease is unknown, although it is believed to be due to stimulation of post-synaptic dopamine D2-type receptors within the brain. (drugbank.ca)
  • Apomorphine has been shown to improve motor function in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. (drugbank.ca)
  • Apomorphine is used to treat "wearing-off" episodes (muscle stiffness, loss of muscle control) in people with advanced Parkinson's disease. (wellspan.org)
  • Some anti-nausea medicines can increase certain side effects of apomorphine, or can make your Parkinson's symptoms worse. (wellspan.org)
  • CTH-300 was a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel group, Phase 3 study examining the efficacy, safety and tolerability of apomorphine sublingual film (APL-130277) in 109 adults with levodopa-responsive Parkinson's disease complicated by OFF episodes. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Pfeiffer, "Defecatory function in Parkinson's disease: response to apomorphine ," Annals of Neurology, vol. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The recent European approval of Archimedes' innovative fentanyl pectin nasal spray product for of breakthrough cancer pain (PecFent) is one example of a product specifically designed for purpose and there are numerous other nasal drugs in clinical development at Archimedes and elsewhere, including granisetron (nausea/vomiting), diazepam and midazolam (seizures), testosterone (hypogonadism) and apomorphine (Parkinson's disease). (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Apomorphine is a potent dopamine agonist useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease patients with disabling motor fluctuations and 'off' periods, not responding to oral medication. (springer.com)
  • All patients requiring apomorphine were identified through the Parkinson's disease Nurse Specialist's records. (springer.com)
  • Colzi A, Turner K, Lees AJ (1998) Continuous subcutaneous waking day apomorphine in the long-term treatment of levodopa induced interdose dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. (springer.com)
  • Corsini GU, Del Zompo M, Gessa GL, Mangoni A (1979) Therapeutic efficacy of apomorphine combined with an extracerebral inhibitor of dopamine receptors in Parkinson's disease. (springer.com)
  • Frankel JP, Lees AJ, Kempster PA, Stern GM (1990) Subcutaneous apomorphine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (springer.com)
  • Sunovion announced that Health Canada has accepted the New Drug Submission (NDS) for apomorphine sublingual film (APL-130277) to treat motor fluctuations (OFF episodes), experienced by people living with Parkinson's disease (PD), including those who experience early morning OFF episodes. (rdmag.com)
  • We look forward to working with Health Canada to bring apomorphine sublingual film to patients with OFF episodes and Parkinson's disease in Canada. (rdmag.com)
  • Apomorphine sublingual film (APL-130277), a novel formulation of apomorphine, a non-ergot dopamine agonist, is being developed as a fast-acting sublingual film for the on-demand management of OFF episodes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). (rdmag.com)
  • APOMORPHINE (a poe MOR feen) is used to treat 'off' episodes in advanced Parkinson's disease. (ahealthyme.com)
  • Subcutaneous apomorphine in Parkinson's disease. (ebscohost.com)
  • Discusses the effectivity of continuous subcutaneous infusion of apomorphine in overcoming refractory on-off oscillations in Parkinson's disease. (ebscohost.com)
  • Apomorphine, a short-acting dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonist, was the first dopamine receptor agonist used to treat Parkinson's disease. (ebscohost.com)
  • Subcutaneous apomorphine is currently used for the management of sudden, unexpected and refractory levodopa-induced 'off' states in fluctuating Parkinson's. (ebscohost.com)
  • Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of apomorphine in patients with Parkinson's disease. (ebscohost.com)
  • In the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease, apomorphine has an established place as a back-up therapy if other antiparkinsonian drugs, such as levodopa and oral dopamine agonists, have not controlled the existing response fluctuations. (ebscohost.com)
  • The male patient received apomorphine and levodopa to treat his early onset Parkinson's disease. (ebscohost.com)
  • Subcutaneous continuous apomorphine infusion in fluctuating patients with Parkinson's disease: long-term results. (ebscohost.com)
  • Apomorphine Nasal Powder in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease 'Off' Periods. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • To determine the safety and tolerability of repeated dosing with Apomorphine Nasal Powder in subjects with Parkinson's Disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The primary objective of the trial was to investigate the efficacy of apomorphine continuous subcutaneous infusion compared to placebo in Parkinson's Disease patients with motor fluctuations not well controlled on medical treatment. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The magnitude and pattern of motor responses to single doses of subcutaneous apomorphine and oral levodopa were compared in 14 patients with Parkinson's disease. (bmj.com)
  • This method was applied to study apomorphine bioavailability in nine patients with Parkinson's disease before and after coadministration of a catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Forty two patients with Parkinson's disease (14 untreated, eight with a stable response to levodopa, and 20 with levodopa induced motor fluctuations) were challenged on two consecutive days with apomorphine and levodopa. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review of studies examining the diagnostic accuracy of acute challenge tests with levodopa and/or apomorphine in parkinsonian syndromes to assess their value in the diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. (bmj.com)
  • The sensitivity for the diagnosis of established idiopathic Parkinson's disease was: apomorphine 0.86 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.78-0.94), acute levodopa 0.75 (95% CI 0.64-0.85), and chronic levodopa therapy 0.91 (95% CI 0.85-0.99). (bmj.com)
  • The specificity for the diagnosis of established idiopathic Parkinson's disease was: apomorphine 0.85 (95% CI 0.74-0.96), acute levodopa 0.87 (95% CI 0.77-0.97), and chronic levodopa therapy 0.77 (95% CI 0.61-0.93). (bmj.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of the acute levodopa and apomorphine challenge tests is similar to, but not superior than, that of chronic levodopa therapy in the diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. (bmj.com)
  • In the search for such an investigation, the response of parkinsonian patients to acute challenge tests with levodopa or apomorphine continue to be used by many clinicians to confirm or refute the diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. (bmj.com)
  • The object of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the diagnostic accuracy of acute challenge tests with levodopa or apomorphine in parkinsonian syndromes to assess whether they are of value in the diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. (bmj.com)
  • This review assessed the efficacy of intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections for the management of 'off' episodes in patients with Parkinson's disease. (york.ac.uk)
  • To review the clinical efficacy and tolerability, as well as the pharmacology, of intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections for the management of 'off' episodes (motor fluctuations due to the waning effect of dopaminergic drugs) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). (york.ac.uk)
  • Social media users in India were abuzz the past few weeks over a video posted on Facebook by Nanavati Super Specialty Hospital (yes, that is the hospital's real name) that showed the results of an apomorphine infusion on a 50-year old patient with advanced Parkinson's Disease. (parkinson.fit)
  • Apomorphine is used to improve the muscle movement in those suffering from Parkinson's disease , which is also known as shaking palsy. (healthery.com)
  • Apomorphine is used to treat Parkinson's disease, which is also known as shaking palsy. (healthery.com)
  • Apomorphine is used to treat Parkinson's disease and combats both involuntary shaking and stiffness. (healthery.com)
  • Should we consider subcutaneous apomorphine infusions for Parkinson's disease patients who do not want deep brain stimulation or a dopamine pump? (parkinson.org)
  • Stocchi F, Berardelli A, Vacca L, Barbato L, Monge A, Nordera G, Ruggieri S. Apomorphine infusion and the long-duration response to levodopa in advanced Parkinson's disease. (centerwatch.com)
  • Recently patients have been asking about Apomorphine as a miracle drug to treat Parkinson's disease. (tnmgc.com)
  • Apomorphine was first synthesised in 1869, and has been used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease for more than 50 years. (gmjournal.co.uk)
  • However, apomorphine has its place in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and should be considered before invasive measures. (gmjournal.co.uk)
  • If you continue to have unpredictable changes in your symptoms that aren't controlled by other Parkinson's medications, apomorphine may help. (parkinsons.org.uk)
  • Ideally, apomorphine will be started in hospital, under the guidance of a specialist or Parkinson's nurse. (parkinsons.org.uk)
  • Apomorphine treats treats acute immobility episodes, also known as 'off periods', that occur in advanced Parkinson's Disease. (rxwiki.com)
  • Apomorphine is a prescription medication used in the treatment of acute episodes of reduced mobility, also known as 'off periods', that can occur in advanced Parkinson's disease . (rxwiki.com)
  • Apomorphine is a prescription medication used to treat acute episodes of reduced mobility, also known as 'off periods', that can occur in advanced Parkinson's disease . (rxwiki.com)
  • Apomorphine has been available for many years as a "rescue" drug to help people with symptoms of advanced PARKINSON'S DISEASE, such as becoming frozen or having debilitating "off" periods. (parkinsonhope.org)
  • Many pharmaceutical companies have tried for many years to find a viable formulation and delivery method to make Apomorphine more convenient and helpful for people with PARKINSON'S DISEASE. (parkinsonhope.org)
  • M IAMI -The sublingual apomorphine film APL-130277 (APL) is effective and well-tolerated for the acute management of off episodes in patients with Parkinson's disease, according to research presented at the Second Pan American Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Congress. (globalacademycme.com)
  • Patients who had undergone a neurosurgical procedure for Parkinson's disease, received continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion, or received Duopa also were excluded. (globalacademycme.com)
  • Apomorphine fell out of favor as a treatment for Parkinson's because the drug needs to be injected, and that made it less practical for people with tremors. (scientificamerican.com)
Apokyn6
  • Apomorphine, sold under the brand name Apokyn among others, is a type of aporphine having activity as a non-selective dopamine agonist which activates both D2-like and, to a much lesser extent, D1-like receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • APOKYN (apomorphine hydrochloride injection) contains apomorphine hydrochloride, a non-ergoline dopamine agonist. (rxlist.com)
  • 1.Apokyn (apomorphine hydrochloride) US prescribing information. (webmd.com)
  • Working closely for over 30 years with neurologists and geriatricians, Britannia identified the benefit of and need for apomorphine as a treatment for PD, which led to the development of APO-go ® /MOVAPO ® /APOKYN ® products. (newswire.ca)
  • Formulations of apomorphine have been available since the 1970s in Europe and Canada, but Apokyn represents the first time any drug containing apomorphine has been approved for use in the US. (centerwatch.com)
  • Apokyn injection delivers apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate, a non-ergoline dopamine agonist with high selectivity for the dopamine D4, D2, D3, D5 and adrenergic alpha-1D, alpha-2B, alpha-2C receptors, all of which are broadly associated with the promotion of motor function. (centerwatch.com)
Subcutaneous infusion2
  • Treatment with APO-go(R)/MOVAPO(R) (apomorphine) subcutaneous infusion for 12 weeks gave significantly greater reductions in OFF time (periods when PD medications don't work) from baseline compared with placebo: -2.47 h/day versus -0.58 h/day, respectively - a treatment difference of almost 2 hours (p=0.0025) and double the change in OFF time recognised as meaningful to PD patients. (thailand4.com)
  • Apomorphine subcutaneous infusion is an effective treatment for Parkinson patients whose motor fluctuations are poorly controlled by conventional therapies. (news-medical.net)
Effects of apomorphine5
  • Dopamine transporter genotype dependent effects of apomorphine on cold pain tolerance in healthy volunteers. (harvard.edu)
  • In addition to the desired effects of Apomorphine, there can be other unwanted side effects. (healthery.com)
  • Effects of apomorphine and other compounds related to dopamine receptors on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels were investigated by expressing functional channels in Xenopus oocytes. (elsevier.com)
  • Common side effects of apomorphine are nausea, yawning, and runny nose. (rxwiki.com)
  • The behavioural effects of apomorphine and GABAergic drugs alone and in combination were studied in eight monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) showing behavioural supersensitivity to dopamine agonists after long-term haloperidol treatment. (elsevier.com)
Response to apomorphine3
  • The effect of amitriptyline treatment on the growth hormone response to apomorphine. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Amitriptyline treatment significantly reduced the growth hormone response to apomorphine, confirming the findings of an earlier study in depressed patients. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The younger men had a significantly greater peak growth hormone response to apomorphine as compared to the older men. (uthscsa.edu)
Injection27
  • Apomorphine injection is in a class of medications called dopamine agonists. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Use apomorphine injection exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your doctor will give you another medication called trimethobenzamide (Tigan) to take when you begin to use apomorphine injection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your doctor will probably tell you to begin taking trimethobenzamide a few days before you begin to use apomorphine injection, and to continue taking it for up to 2 months. (medlineplus.gov)
  • You should know that taking trimethobenzamide along with apomorphine injection may increase your risk of drowsiness, dizziness, and falls. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of apomorphine injection and gradually increase your dose, not more than once every few days. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ask your doctor what to do if you do not use apomorphine injection for longer than 1 week. (medlineplus.gov)
  • You will receive your first dose of apomorphine injection in a medical office where your doctor can closely monitor your condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Before you use apomorphine injection yourself the first time, read the written instructions that come with it. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Be careful not to get apomorphine injection on your skin or in your eyes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If apomorphine injection does get on your skin or in your eyes, immediately wash your skin or flush your eyes with cold water. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Keep a record of how much apomorphine injection you use each time you receive an injection so that you will know when to replace the medication cartridge. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Each mL of solution contains 10 mg of apomorphine hydrochloride, USP as apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate, 1 mg of sodium metabisulfite, NF and 5 mg of benzyl alcohol, NF (preservative) in water for injection, USP. (rxlist.com)
  • When you use an injection pen with apomorphine, the medicine is measured in milliliters (mL) marked on the pen. (wellspan.org)
  • One milligram, or 1 mg, of apomorphine is equal to 0.1 mL marked on the injection pen. (wellspan.org)
  • When you dial in your dose on the injection pen, make sure there is enough medicine inside the apomorphine cartridge to make up the full dose. (wellspan.org)
  • Apomorphine is the only agent approved for the acute, intermittent treatment of hypomobility, "OFF" episodes ("end-of-dose wearing OFF" and unpredictable "ON/OFF" episodes) associated with advanced PD, and in Canada and the U.S. it is currently approved as a subcutaneous injection. (rdmag.com)
  • The dose in an apomorphine injection pen is measured in milliliters (mL) marked on the pen. (johnstonhealth.org)
  • The medicine from an apomorphine injection pen can cause irritation if it gets in your eyes or on your skin. (johnstonhealth.org)
  • After the apomorphine injection, the patient was able to walk and run, and even do push-ups. (parkinson.fit)
  • Apomorphine is given by injection. (healthery.com)
  • Unlike other dopamine agonist drugs, which are taken as tablets or patches, apomorphine is given by injection or continuous infusion, using a pump. (tnmgc.com)
  • 2, When the disease gets refractory to the action of usual drugs and symptoms are not controlled effectively, the apomorphine injection may come in handy to control the symptoms quickly. (tnmgc.com)
  • Apomorphine is a strong dopamine agonist that is given by injection or infusion pump. (parkinsons.org.uk)
  • Apomorphine is available as a subcutaneous (under the skin) injection given at the onset of an "off period. (rxwiki.com)
  • Yawning was induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of apomorphine (a dopamine receptor agonist) and the number of yawns was recorded for a period of 30 min. (ac.ir)
  • This new formulation of apomorphine provides convenient administration (placing a film under the tongue) without requiring assembly or administration of an injection or inhalation device. (practicalneurology.com)
Agonist17
  • Apomorphine is a type of dopaminergic agonist, a morphine derivative which primarily affects the hypothalamic region of the brain. (drugbank.ca)
  • The dopamine agonist apomorphine (Apo) increased swimming to a similar degree in the ziram-treated and control ZF, suggesting that the postsynaptic dopaminergic system remained intact. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Apomorphine , a short-acting dopamine agonist, can be administered subcutaneously as a bolus or infusion, intranasally or sublingually. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The dopamine agonist apomorphine enhances conditioned pain modulation in healthy humans. (harvard.edu)
  • In the present study, the effect of acute and subchronic administration of the neuroleptic haloperidol and the nonselective, dopamine agonist apomorphine on neuropeptidase activity was determined in regional, rat brain P2 membranes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Microinjection of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine into the PAG produced a dose-dependent increase in hot plate latency and a decrease in open field activity that was greater in male than in female rats. (nih.gov)
  • In order to confirm the involvement of dopaminergic system in nociceptive processing in PD, we would like to assess a specific drug of dopamine system (a dopamine agonist, apomorphine) in PD patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • It is a new formulation of the dopamine agonist apomorphine, intended for rapid conversion from the OFF to the ON state. (empr.com)
  • Apomorphine is a non-selective dopamine agonist which is used for the treatment of Parkinsonâ  s disease. (omicsonline.org)
  • Apomorphine, an unselective dopamine Dl and D2 receptor agonist, induces in laboratory animals (mice and rats), several behavioural phenomena such as stereotyped behaviour, hyperlocomotion, aggressiveness, etc 1-3 . (springer.com)
  • Apomorphine hydrochloride (APO) is known to be a dopamine receptor agonist, and has recently been found to be a novel drug for Alzheimer's disease (AD). (iospress.com)
  • Part 1 of this study investigated the ability of estrogen treatment to reverse PPI disruption induced by 8-OH-DPAT or the dopamine D 1 /D 2 receptor agonist apomorphine. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The effects of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (dizocilpine), on the development of sensitization to the mixed dopamine receptor agonist, apomorphine were examined. (semanticscholar.org)
  • The growth hormone response to subcutaneous administration of the dopamine agonist apomorphine (0.005 mg/kg) was assessed in six normal male subjects before and at the end of a course of amitriptyline. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To determine the contributions made by the dopamine receptor subtypes, D1R and D2R in mediating the inhibitory effects of the non-selective dopamine agonist apomorphine (APO) on form deprivation myopia (FDM) development in wildtype mice, we compared the described effects of this agonist in wildtype (WT) mice with those in its D2R knockout (D2R-KO) and D1R-KO counterparts. (arvojournals.org)
  • Apomorphine is a very strong dopamine agonist. (parkinson.fit)
  • Apomorphine is a strong type of dopamine agonist and act like dopamine to stimulate nerve cells. (tnmgc.com)
Increased apomorphine-induced2
  • Conclusion: The results showed that curcumin at high doses increased apomorphine-induced yawning. (ac.ir)
  • β-/Tyr 9 /melanotropin-/9-18/ significantly increased apomorphine-induced cage-climbing, while only a tendency towards an increase was observed after supersensitization with haloperidol. (elsevier.com)
Bring apomorphine sublingual film to patients1
  • Commenting on the CRL, Antony Loebel, MD, Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer at Sunovion, Head of Global Clinical Development for Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Group said, "Sunovion remains committed to working with the FDA to address its requests so that we can bring apomorphine sublingual film to patients as expeditiously as possible. (empr.com)
Motor fluctuations1
  • To evaluate the contribution of postsynaptic changes to motor fluctuations, three groups of parkinsonian patients with differing responses to treatment were acutely challenged with two dopaminergic drugs-apomorphine and levodopa-having different mechanisms of action. (unboundmedicine.com)
Administration of apomorphine4
  • IV administration of apomorphine is highly discouraged, as it can crystallize in the veins and create a blood clot (thrombus) and block a pulmonary artery (pulmonary embolism). (wikipedia.org)
  • Conclusion: Repeated administration of apomorphine at 1. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • In contrast, subchronic administration of apomorphine increased aminopeptidase N activity in the frontal cortex and caudate-putamen. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Following administration of apomorphine, the decrease in daily 'off' time from baseline ranged from 2.6 to 4 hours (6 studies) and 20.5% and 22% (2 studies) of the waking day in the open-label studies. (york.ac.uk)
Drugs7
  • Based on reports of profound hypotension and loss of consciousness when apomorphine was administered with ondansetron , the concomitant use of apomorphine with drugs of the 5HT3 antagonist class including antiemetics (for example, ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron) and alosetron are contraindicated [see CONTRAINDICATIONS ]. (rxlist.com)
  • Whereas hyperreflexic patients improved with apomorphine, and to a lesser extent with L dopa, these drugs had no effect on hyporeflexic patients. (wiley.com)
  • Some drugs should not be used together with apomorphine. (johnstonhealth.org)
  • Although apomorphine produced much shorter motor responses than levodopa, the quality of response to the two drugs was virtually indistinguishable. (bmj.com)
  • This hypothesis is evidenced by the fact that most of the psychotropic drugs used in clinical practice for the treatment of psychosis attenuate or completely block the apomorphine-induced aggression in adult male Wistar rats. (springer.com)
  • Though the mechanisms of action of those drugs are known, the neurobiology of the apomorphine-induced aggression is not well understood 6 . (springer.com)
  • Apomorphine belongs to a group of drugs called non-ergoline dopamine agonists. (rxwiki.com)
Safety and tolerability1
  • The secondary objective of the study was to investigate the safety and tolerability of apomorphine continuous subcutaneous therapy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Inject apomorphine6
  • After that, your doctor may tell you that you can inject apomorphine yourself or have a friend or relative perform the injections. (medlineplus.gov)
  • You can inject apomorphine in your stomach area, upper arm, or upper leg. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Do not inject apomorphine into a vein. (wellspan.org)
  • Your care provider will show you the best places on your body to inject apomorphine. (wellspan.org)
  • Your healthcare provider will show you where on your body to inject apomorphine. (johnstonhealth.org)
  • Do not inject apomorphine in your vein. (rxwiki.com)
Haloperidol6
  • Haloperidol and apomorphine differentially affect neuropeptidase activity. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 also was affected differentially in the caudate-putamen, but both subchronic haloperidol and apomorphine decreased neutral endopeptidase 24.11 activity in the frontal cortex. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Apomorphine-induced disruptions of PPI were reversed by haloperidol and SCH 23390 only. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Haloperidol (a dopamine receptors antagonist) at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg partially and at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg completely inhibited apomorphine-induced yawning. (ac.ir)
  • Curcumin at the high doses (30 and 60 mg/kg) produced yawning when apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg) action was partially blocked with 0.5 mg/kg of haloperidol. (ac.ir)
  • In the presence of complete blockade of apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg) action with 0.2 mg/kg of haloperidol, curcumin did not produce yawning. (ac.ir)
Subcutaneously5
  • Apomorphine comes as a solution to inject subcutaneously (just under the skin). (medlineplus.gov)
  • When an episode sets in, the apomorphine is injected subcutaneously or applied sublingually, and signs subside. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dewey Jr RB, Hutton JT, LeWitt PA, Factor SA (2001) A randomized double-blind, placebo controlled trial of subcutaneously injected apomorphine for Parkinsonian off states. (springer.com)
  • Apomorphine is injected subcutaneously, just under the skin and not into a vein. (healthery.com)
  • Apomorphine is administered through a 'pre-filled disposable pen' and injected subcutaneously as and when required. (tnmgc.com)
Abstract1
  • abstract = "Apomorphine (0.75 mg SC) was found to elicit growth hormone release in normal men. (uthscsa.edu)
Fluctuations1
  • Apomorphine infusion is effective and well tolerated by patients experiencing debilitating treatment response fluctuations despite optimised treatment. (thailand4.com)
Dopaminergic2
  • In particular, apomorphine attenuates the motor deficits induced by lesions in the ascending nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in primates. (drugbank.ca)
  • We compared the results of cystometry and urethral profilometry with and without apomorphine (and L dopa) in 12 idiopathic parkinsonians with urinary disorders free of dopaminergic treatment. (wiley.com)
Efficacy2
  • We have examined our experience of apomorphine over the last 10 years, to assess indications, pattern of use, efficacy, and side effect profile. (springer.com)
  • Many trials, albeit with small numbers of patients, have shown efficacy of subcutaneous apomorphine. (gmjournal.co.uk)
Rats8
  • Ernst AM (1967) Mode of action of apomorphine and dexamphetamine in gnawing compulsion in rats. (springer.com)
  • Enhanced antinociception with repeated microinjections of apomorphine into the periaqueductal gray of male and female rats. (nih.gov)
  • Surprisingly, the antinociceptive potency of apomorphine was enhanced following systemic administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone in male, but not in female rats. (nih.gov)
  • The antinociceptive potency of microinjecting apomorphine into the ventrolateral PAG in male and female rats was also enhanced following twice-daily injections for 2 days. (nih.gov)
  • Apomorphine was injected into or adjacent to the ventrolateral PAG in male (left) and female (right) rats. (nih.gov)
  • There was no significant difference in the antinociceptive potency of apomorphine between anterior and posterior PAG injections in male rats (n = 8/condition), but anterior injections were less effective than posterior injections in female rats (n = 9-11/condition). (nih.gov)
  • Microinjection of apomorphine into the ventrolateral PAG produced a dose-dependent decrease in open field activity in both male (n = 16) and female (n = 20) rats. (nih.gov)
  • In the present study, we investigated the effect of curcumin on yawning induced by apomorphine in rats. (ac.ir)
Interactions3
  • Serious drug interactions can occur when certain medicines are used together with apomorphine. (wellspan.org)
  • Apomorphine has a large number of interactions. (healthery.com)
  • This is not a complete list of apomorphine drug interactions. (rxwiki.com)
Placebo3
  • In the double-blind trials, all of the studies except one reported a statistically significant difference between apomorphine and placebo (8 studies) or levodopa (1 study) for motor functioning, with the improvement in favour of apomorphine. (york.ac.uk)
  • Within 30 minutes of administering sublingual apomorphine vs placebo, indviduals had a 11.1 (95% CI, 8.2-14.0) vs 3·5 (95% CI, 0.9-6.1) improvement in the Movement Disorders Socity Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) score. (practicalneurology.com)
  • In the pivotal phase 3 clinical trial ( NCT02469090 ), published in Lancet Neurology , treatment with apomorphine sublingual film provided statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in motor symptoms vs placebo (Table). (practicalneurology.com)
Intermittent4
  • The mean duration of intermittent apomorphine use was 48.2 months. (springer.com)
  • Currently, only a subcutaneous (SC) formulation of apomorphine is available for the acute, intermittent treatment of hypomobility, OFF episodes in advanced PD. (empr.com)
  • PHARMAC invites proposals for the supply in New Zealand of apomorphine hydrochloride (that allows for both intermittent dosing regimens and continuous subcutaneous infusions) ( Apomorphine ), ambulatory infusion pumps and dedicated pump syringes (if applicable) ( Infusion Pumps ) and associated consumables (as described at 3(d) (ii) of the RFP document). (pharmac.govt.nz)
  • Studies of intermittent subcutaneous injections of apomorphine were eligible for inclusion. (york.ac.uk)
Effect of apomorphine1
  • The way in which amitriptyline attenuates the effect of apomorphine is not clear. (ox.ac.uk)
Delivery Of Apomorphine1
  • Furthermore, studies conducted by nastech pharmaceutical company inc into the intranasal delivery of apomorphine indicated that more than 2 mg of apomorphine can be administered in this manner, in a clinical setting, without causing unacceptable side effects. (tripod.com)
Suggest that apomorphine2
  • The results suggest that apomorphine blocks acetylcholine receptor channels through a binding site that is similar to, but cannot be included in dopamine receptors. (elsevier.com)
  • These findings suggest that apomorphine and GABA agonists induce distinct types of behaviour, possibly related to a differential influence on separate dopamine/GABA receptors, and that GABA agonists in relatively high doses counteract apomorphine-induced behaviour with the exception that THIP does not influence oral hyperkinesia. (elsevier.com)
Levodopa and apomorphine1
  • The article describes a case of psychiatric disorders induced by treatment with levodopa and apomorphine. (ebscohost.com)
Manufacturer of apomorphine1
  • The reference lists of papers were checked and the U.S. manufacturer of apomorphine provided information. (york.ac.uk)
Treatment13
  • Do not use a second dose of apomorphine sublingual for treatment of the same "off" episode. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This medication will help decrease your chance of developing nausea and vomiting while you are using apomorphine, especially during the beginning of treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Apomorphine was also used as a private treatment of heroin addiction, a purpose for which it was championed by the author William S. Burroughs. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is, however, no clinical evidence that apomorphine is an effective and safe treatment regimen for opiate addiction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keep taking the anti-nausea medicine throughout your treatment with apomorphine. (wellspan.org)
  • The mean duration of disease at start of apomorphine treatment was 10 years (SD±4.8, range2-29). (springer.com)
  • Apomorphine sublingual film is being developed as a fast-acting medicine for the on-demand treatment of all types of OFF episodes, including morning OFF, unpredictable OFF, and end-of-dose wearing OFF. (rdmag.com)
  • Apomorphine sublingual film is intended to rapidly convert people living with PD from an OFF to an ON state and has been studied for the treatment of OFF episodes up to five times per day. (rdmag.com)
  • It cites the two invasive forms of medical treatment for intractable motor complications, namely, apomorphine and levodopa gel (Duodopa) through percutaneous jejunostomy. (ebscohost.com)
  • Apomorphine Nasal Powder in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease 'Off' Periods. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The disruption of PPI by either treatment with 8-OH-DPAT (0.5 mg/kg) or apomorphine (0.3 mg/kg) was similarly prevented by E100 treatment. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We hope the positive results of the TOLEDO study will help ensure apomorphine infusion, which is delivered using a small, ambulatory mini-pump, is incorporated into national PD treatment guidelines. (thailand4.com)
  • As a possible treatment for such damage , Fridman has focused on apomorphine , which binds to the brain's dopamine receptors. (scientificamerican.com)
Acute2
  • METHODS A literature search including Medline and the Cochrane Library was performed for studies published in any language comparing acute levodopa and/or apomorphine response with chronic levodopa therapy in parkinsonian syndromes. (bmj.com)
  • The number of patients positive for each test divided by the number with clinically diagnosed de novo disease was: apomorphine 0.63 (95% CI 0.56-0.70), acute levodopa 0.69 (95% CI 0.59-0.80), and chronic levodopa therapy 0.76 (95% CI 0.70-0.82). (bmj.com)
Dose6
  • You will receive your first dose of apomorphine in a medical office where your doctor can closely monitor your condition to determine your dose. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Measuring your apomorphine dose correctly is extremely important. (wellspan.org)
  • Microinjection of apomorphine into the anterior or posterior ventrolateral PAG produced a dose-dependent antinociception. (nih.gov)
  • The present findings show that there is a functional predominance of the alpha(1D)-AR subtype in the rat erectile tissue, and that blockade of this receptor facilitates rat penile erection induced by a suboptimal dose of apomorphine. (lu.se)
  • The dose of Apomorphine will be different depending on the patient. (healthery.com)
  • Never take a double dose of Apomorphine. (healthery.com)
Derivative2
  • Apomorphine is a synthetic derivative of. (ebscohost.com)
  • Apomorphine is a derivative of morphine that acts as a D2 antagonist. (healthery.com)
Dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus1
  • Among other possible explanations, this finding may indicate that dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus are more sensitive to apomorphine in younger than in older men. (uthscsa.edu)
Significantly1
Episodes4
  • Prescribers, nurses, patients and caregivers all need to be informed of the potential of apomorphine to address "off" episodes, as well as the specific advantages of oral delivery. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The authors concluded that apomorphine provides prompt and consistent rescue from 'off' episodes. (york.ac.uk)
  • In patients with PD, apomorphine is effective at providing prompt and consistent rescue from 'off' episodes. (york.ac.uk)
  • There have been reports of severe episodes of sudden drowsiness in a small number of patients using apomorphine. (rxwiki.com)
Injectable1
  • Bowron A. Practical considerations in the use of apomorphine injectable. (centerwatch.com)
Doses1
  • Curcumin alone produced no yawning, whereas at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg, it increased yawning induced by 0.1 mg/kg of apomorphine. (ac.ir)
Nurr1:RXRα heterodimer activation as monotherapy for Parkinson's disease | PNAS
Nurr1:RXRα heterodimer activation as monotherapy for Parkinson's disease | PNAS (pnas.org)
Apomorphine | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Apomorphine | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (mskcc.org)
Apokyn New FDA Drug Approval | CenterWatch
Apokyn New FDA Drug Approval | CenterWatch (centerwatch.com)
Drug Information
Drug Information (medindia.net)
DailyMed - ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE- ondansetron hydrochloride solution
DailyMed - ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE- ondansetron hydrochloride solution (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)
Apomorphine (Apokyn, Kynmobi) | Davis's Drug Guide
Apomorphine (Apokyn, Kynmobi) | Davis's Drug Guide (unboundmedicine.com)
Unraveling the Role of Astrocytes in Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in a Parkinson's Disease Rat Model |...
Unraveling the Role of Astrocytes in Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in a Parkinson's Disease Rat Model |... (link.springer.com)
Apomorphine - Substance Information - ECHA
Apomorphine - Substance Information - ECHA (echa.europa.eu)
Glossary | European Parkinson's Disease Association
Glossary | European Parkinson's Disease Association (epda.eu.com)
Yohimbine - Wikipedia
Yohimbine - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Vardenafil - Wikipedia
Vardenafil - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Tadalafil - Wikipedia
Tadalafil - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Moxisylyte - Wikipedia
Moxisylyte - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
October 2013 - Volume 24 - Issue : Behavioural Pharmacology
October 2013 - Volume 24 - Issue : Behavioural Pharmacology (journals.lww.com)
Course Content - #98771: Parkinson Disease - NetCE
Course Content - #98771: Parkinson Disease - NetCE (netce.com)
A 10 year retrospective audit of long-term apomorphine use in Parkinson's disease | SpringerLink
A 10 year retrospective audit of long-term apomorphine use in Parkinson's disease | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Apomorphine Nasal Powder in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease 'Off' Periods. - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Apomorphine Nasal Powder in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease 'Off' Periods. - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov (clinicaltrials.gov)
1000 USP Chemicals
1000 USP Chemicals (spectrumchemical.com)
Pharmaceutical Bulk Chemicals | Bulk Fine Chemicals | Spectrum Chemical
Pharmaceutical Bulk Chemicals | Bulk Fine Chemicals | Spectrum Chemical (spectrumchemical.com)
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Chemical APIs | Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients | Spectrum Chemical (spectrumchemical.com)
Frontiers | Rapamycin, by Inhibiting mTORC1 Signaling, Prevents the Loss of Striatal Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity in a Rat...
Frontiers | Rapamycin, by Inhibiting mTORC1 Signaling, Prevents the Loss of Striatal Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity in a Rat... (frontiersin.org)
Metoclopramide Nasal Spray: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Metoclopramide Nasal Spray: MedlinePlus Drug Information (medlineplus.gov)
Interrogation: Torture Techniques and Technologies - Torture hardware, Torture software, Technical and technological...
Interrogation: Torture Techniques and Technologies - Torture hardware, Torture software, Technical and technological... (faqs.org)
Evidence for α-synuclein prions causing multiple system atrophy in humans with parkinsonism | PNAS
Evidence for α-synuclein prions causing multiple system atrophy in humans with parkinsonism | PNAS (pnas.org)
Clozaril Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.com
Clozaril Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.com (drugs.com)
Ivabradine (Oral Route) Before Using - Mayo Clinic
Ivabradine (Oral Route) Before Using - Mayo Clinic (mayoclinic.org)