Reproduction, Asexual
Ranunculus
Pennisetum
Asteraceae
A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of "daisy" refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.
Erigeron
Manihot
A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE that is perennial with conspicuous, almost palmate leaves like those of RICINUS but more deeply parted into five to nine lobes. It is a source of a starch after removal of the cyanogenic glucosides. The common name of Arrowroot is also used with Maranta (MARANTACEAE). The common name of yuca is also used for YUCCA.
Arabis
Saxifragaceae
The saxifrage plant family of the order ROSALES, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. The leaves are alternate and sometimes deeply lobed or form rosettes. The flowers have both male and female parts and 4 or 5 sepals and petals; they are usually in branched clusters. The fruit is a capsule with many seeds.
Achillea
Apomixis
Gametogenesis, Plant
Ranunculaceae
Polyploidy
Cenchrus
Taraxacum
Seeds
Pacific States
Diploidy
Chromosomes, Plant
Parthenogenesis
Poaceae
Hybridization, Genetic
Biological Evolution
Angiosperms
Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Cytogenetic Analysis
Meiosis
Crosses, Genetic
Genetic Markers
Models, Genetic
Tylenchoidea
Antinematodal Agents
Y Chromosome
X Chromosome
Receptors, Neuropeptide Y
Siberia
Strontium Isotopes
Molecular Biology
Calcium Isotopes
Solid Waste
Garbage, refuse, or sludge, or other discarded materials from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, and air pollution control facility that include solid, semi-solid, or contained material. It does not include materials dissolved in domestic sewage, irrigation return flows, or industrial discharges.
Dairy Products
Apomixis in hawkweed: Mendel's experimental nemesis. (1/24)
(+info)Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from apomictic Hypericum perforatum (Hypericaceae). (2/24)
(+info)Chromosome numbers and meiotic analysis in the pre-breeding of Brachiaria decumbens (Poaceae). (3/24)
A total of 44 accessions of Brachiaria decumbens were analysed for chromosome count and meiotic behaviour in order to identify potential progenitors for crosses. Among them, 15 accessions presented 2n = 18; 27 accessions, 2n = 36; and 2 accessions, 2n = 45 chromosomes. Among the diploid accessions, the rate of meiotic abnormalities was low, ranging from 0.82% to 7.93%. In the 27 tetraploid accessions, the rate of meiotic abnormalities ranged from 18.41% to 65.83%. The most common meiotic abnormalities were related to irregular chromosome segregation, but chromosome stickiness and abnormal cytokinesis were observed in low frequency. All abnormalities can compromise pollen viability by generating unbalanced gametes. Based on the chromosome number and meiotic stability, the present study indicates the apomictic tetraploid accessions that can act as male genitor to produce interspecific hybrids with B. ruziziensis or intraspecific hybrids with recently artificially tetraploidized accessions. (+info)Chromosomes carrying meiotic avoidance loci in three apomictic eudicot Hieracium subgenus Pilosella species share structural features with two monocot apomicts. (4/24)
(+info)Evolution of the apomixis transmitting chromosome in Pennisetum. (5/24)
(+info)Sexual reproduction development in apomictic Eulaliopsis binata (Poaceae). (6/24)
(+info)Boechera, a model system for ecological genomics. (7/24)
(+info)Density-independent mortality and increasing plant diversity are associated with differentiation of Taraxacum officinale into r- and K-strategists. (8/24)
(+info)
Does hybridization drive the transition to asexuality in diploid Boechera?
The conserved chimeric transcript UPGRADE2 is associated with unreduced pollen formation and is exclusively found in apomictic...
Apomictic and Sexual Ovules of Boechera Display Heterochronic Global Gene Expression Patterns
Hardwickia Binata Seeds Supplier
Apospory appears to accelerate onset of meiosis and sexual embryo sac formation in sorghum ovules | BMC Plant Biology | Full...
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Orange Hawkweed, Devils Paintbrush (plant)
Taong Labas (48) Sarap Ulit-ulitin by eroticprince27 - Pulandit.asia | Sex Story
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Boechera oxylobula in Flora of North America @ efloras.org
Online Virtual Flora of Wisconsin - Potentilla recta
Boechera quebecensis in Flora of North America @ efloras.org
Speciation in flowering mustard plant driven by alleles adapted to local conditions - Genome Sequencing Center
Effect of Potentilla anserina L.on cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hypoxia--《Chinese Journal of Geriatric Heart Brain and...
Hieracium canadense - Wikipedia
POTENTILLA MIXED SEEDS - Plant World Seeds
28+ [ Kikuyugrass Pennisetum Clandestinum ] | Kikuyugrass Pennisetum Clandestinum,Pennisetum Clandestinum,Kikuyugrass...
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Common dandelion - definition of common dandelion by The Free Dictionary
Dandelion root, a cancer cell killer, has a long history as medicine - Infinite Unknown
Hieracium lactucella - Wikimedia Commons
Dandelion - New World Encyclopedia
Forager favorites: How to make dandelion tea, salad and jelly - NaturalNews.com
the lowly dandelion | www.nourishinggrace.com
POTENTILLA RECTA WARRENII SEEDS - Plant World Seeds
Potentilla divina seeds - Botanically Inclined - Seed Adventures
Potentilla palustris | Find Me A Cure
The long invasion | Lincoln Ecology
Ebook -Belindas Dandelion: From a Garden of Peace to a Place of Bullying - Stories 4 Hotblooded Lesbians
Are Dandelion Leaves Healthy? - Our Insight powered by Ameritas
Volume 3: Dandelion: Herbal Medicine Rooted in Your Front Yard - Practical Herbalist Press
Hawkweed | plant | Britannica
yellow hawkweed
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Encyclopedia of Life
Herb Pharm - Herb Pharm - Dandelion Glycerite - 1 oz
Pennisetum Rubrum Plant | Suttons
Dandelion Celebration: Health Benefits and More - Real Food For Life
Asplenium × lucrosum nothosp. nov.: a sterile hybrid widely and erroneously cultivated as Asplenium bulbiferum | SpringerLink
Dandelions are not Weeds. They Build Bones Better than Calcium; Cleanse the Liver and Can Treat Eczema and Psoriasis
Natures Way - Dandelion Root 100 Capsules - Save 42%
Nature du Gard - les Plantes (hors orchidées), Épervière bifide - Hieracium bifidum Kit., 1815 - Asteraceae
Plants Profile for Hieracium greenii (Maryland hawkweed)
hawkweed media
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Encyclopedia of Life
Home Page
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) | Book of Shadows
Comments for Wanted Weeds Part 1: The Dandelion
Healthvit Dandelion Root 1575 mg, 60 Capsules For Improve Digestion, Immune System, Anti-inflammatory & Antioxidant - West...
NOTES ON THE FLORAL MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF TESSMANNIANTHUS CARINATUS (MELASTOMATACEAE)
Tropicos | Name - Leontodon taraxacum L.
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Pennisetum alopecuroides Japonicum
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The Advent of the Dandelion Plant As a Chinese Herb Medicinal - American Bow Hunter
Dandelion Plant Study & Dough Recipe - Tanglewood Hollow
Flowering plant
Apomixis[edit]. Apomixis (reproduction via asexually formed seeds) is found naturally in about 2.2% of angiosperm genera.[63] ... One type of apomixis, gametophytic apomixis found in a dandelion species[64] involves formation of an unreduced embryo sac due ... "Taxonomy and Biogeography of Apomixis in Angiosperms and Associated Biodiversity Characteristics". CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci. 33 ...
Ploidy
Gametophytic apomixis. In Embryology of angiosperms. Edited by B.M. Johri. Springer, Berlin, Germany. pp. 475-518. * Pehu E ( ...
Nucellar embryony
Apomixis Zhang, Siqi; Liang, Mei; Wang, Nan; Xu, Qiang; Deng, Xiuxin; Chai, Lijun (March 2018). "Reproduction in woody ... Nucellar embryony is a type of apomixis, where eventually nucellar embryos from the nucellus tissue of the ovule are formed, ... Koltunow, A. M. (1993-10-01). "Apomixis: Embryo Sacs and Embryos Formed without Meiosis or Fertilization in Ovules". The Plant ... Spillane, C.; Steimer, A.; Grossniklaus, U. (2001-12-01). "Apomixis in agriculture: the quest for clonal seeds". Sexual Plant ...
Botany
This is one of several types of apomixis that occur in plants. Apomixis can also happen in a seed, producing a seed that ... Some otherwise sterile plant polyploids can still reproduce vegetatively or by seed apomixis, forming clonal populations of ... Savidan, Y.H. (2000). "Apomixis: Genetics and Breeding". Plant Breeding Reviews. 18: 13-86. doi:10.1002/9780470650158.ch2. ISBN ...
G. Ledyard Stebbins
Apomixis in higher plants. C. W. K. Gleerup, Lund. Ledyard Stebbins, G. (1940). "The Significance of Polyploidy in Plant ... a process known as apomixis). The collaboration between Babcock and Stebbins produced numerous papers and two monographs. The ... their interrelationships and distribution as affected by polyploidy and apomixis. In The American Species of Crepis, Babcock ...
Asexual reproduction
Apomixis mainly occurs in two forms: In gametophytic apomixis, the embryo arises from an unfertilized egg within a diploid ... Apomixis in plants is the formation of a new sporophyte without fertilization. It is important in ferns and in flowering plants ... Male apomixis can occur in rare cases, such as the Saharan Cypress Cupressus dupreziana, where the genetic material of the ... Plants can engage in parthenogenesis as well through a process called apomixis. However this process is considered by many to ...
Gregor Mendel
Koltunow, A. M. G.; Johnson, S. D.; Okada, T. (2011). "Apomixis in hawkweed: Mendel's experimental nemesis". Journal of ...
Antennaria rosea
It is polyploid and exhibits apomixis; most all the plants are female and they reproduce asexually. This herbaceous perennial ...
Anna Koltunow
Koltunow, A. M. G.; Johnson, S. D.; Okada, T. (1 March 2011). "Apomixis in hawkweed: Mendel's experimental nemesis". Journal of ... Bicknell, Ross A.; Koltunow, Anna M. (2004). "Understanding Apomixis: Recent Advances and Remaining Conundrums". The Plant Cell ...
Pseudogamy
... see Pseudogamous apomixis, below). A better term for the restrictive sense is centrogamy. Apomixis in flowering plants ( ... autonomous apomixis). Many flowering plants with pseudogamous apomixis require fertilization to produce the endosperm of the ... Pseudogamous apomixis occurs in many families. It is particularly common in Rosaceae and Poaceae, where it occurs in many ... By contrast, autonomous apomixis is the rule among the many apomictic species of Asteraceae including the common dandelion ...
Parthenocarpy
The plant equivalent of parthenogenesis is apomixis. Zangerl AR, Nitao JK, Berenbaum MR (1991). "Parthenocarpic fruits in wild ... but might be able to propagate by apomixis or by vegetative means. Examples of this include many citrus varieties that undergo ...
Vegetative reproduction
Apomixis is the process of asexual reproduction through seed, in the absence of meiosis and fertilization, generating clonal ... Apomixis (including apospory and diplospory) is a type of reproduction that does not involve fertilization. In flowering plants ... Spillane, Charles; Curtis, Mark D; Grossniklaus, Ueli (June 2004). "Apomixis technology development-virgin births in farmers' ...
Meloidogyne javanica
... reproduces by obligatory mitotic parthenogenesis (apomixis). Meloidogyne javanica is a nematode pathogen ...
Karpatiosorbus
Many of its species propagate solely by apomixis. Currently accepted species include: Karpatiosorbus acutiserrata (C.Németh) ...
Parthenogenesis
Apomixis can apparently occur in Phytophthora, an oomycete. Oospores from an experimental cross were germinated, and some of ... The genetic composition of the offspring depends on what type of apomixis takes place. When endomitosis occurs before meiosis ... Offspring are genetically identical to the parent, indicating it reproduces by apomixis, i.e. parthenogenesis in which the eggs ... Hurtado-Gonzales, O. P.; Lamour, K. H. (2009). "Evidence for inbreeding and apomixis in close crosses ofPhytophthora capsici". ...
True-breeding organism
Hanna, W.W.; Bashaw, E.C. (1987). "Apomixis: Its Identification and Use in Plant Breeding1". Crop Sci. 27 (6): 1136-1139. doi: ... Apomixis and parthenogenesis, types of asexual reproduction, also result in true breeding, although the organisms are usually ...
Bryan Alwyn Barlow
Heteroploid twins and apomixis in Casuarina nana Sieb. Australian Journal of Botany 6, 204-219. doi:10.1071/BT9580204 Barlow, B ...
Megaspore
Vielle-Calzada (Mar-Apr 2002). "Beyond Promiscuity: From Sexuality to Apomixis in Flowering Plants". In Vitro Cellular & ...
Callose
Gupta P, Shivanna KR, Mohan Ram HY (1996). "Apomixis and polyembryony in the guggul plant, Commiphora wightii". Ann Bot. 78: 67 ...
Danthonia intermedia
This grass also sometimes undergoes apomixis, reproduction without fertilization. This independence of the need for pollination ...
Gametogamy
Isogamy Heterogamy Apomixis Beukeboom, L. and Perrin, N. (2014). The Evolution of Sex Determination. Oxford University Press, p ...
Parthenium argentatum
Selection of high-yielding guayule is complicated by its breeding system, which is primarily apomixis (asexual cloning via ... 1950). "On the Inheritance of Apomixis in Parthenium argentatum". Botanical Gazette. 112 (1): 96-106. doi:10.1086/335630. ISSN ...
Orange (fruit)
The sweet orange reproduces asexually (apomixis through nucellar embryony); varieties of sweet orange arise through mutations. ...
Alpine plant
These plants tend towards self pollination, apomixis, and vivipary. Because investment in flowers and seed production can be ...
Eragrostis curvula
The plant self-fertilizes or undergoes apomixis, without fertilization. This grass is valuable as a forage for livestock in ...
Bdelloidea
... this is akin to the apomixis seen in some plants. Each individual has paired gonads. Despite having been asexual for millions ...
Mating of gastropods
Uniparental reproduction may also occur by apomixis, an asexual process. For the most part, however, land slugs do mate: they ...
Cortaderia jubata
It reproduces by apomixis, in which embryos develop without fertilization. This pampas grass, Cortaderia jubata, has long, thin ...
Viviparity
Apomixis Placental mammals Marsupials Live-bearing aquarium fish False vivipary. ...
Dichanthium annulatum
This grass often reproduces by apomixis, producing seeds without fertilization. It does reproduce sexually at times. Plants can ...
Apomixis - Wikipedia
Male apomixis (paternal apomixis) involves replacement of the genetic material of an egg by the genetic material of the pollen ... Facultative apomixis means that apomixis does not always occur, i.e. sexual reproduction can also happen. It appears likely ... Recurrent apomixis, is now more often called gametophytic apomixis: In this type, the megagametophyte has the same number of ... It may also be referred to as male apomixis or paternal apomixis. It involves fusion of the male and female gametes and ...
Post-doctoral position in Apomixis
The rise of apomixis in natural plant populations.
Since most major crops do not express natural apomixis, it is useful to understand the origin and maintenance of apomixis in ... The utilization of apomixis in crops must consider the potential risks of pollen transfer and introgression into sexual crop ... Apomixis, the asexual reproduction via seed, has many potential applications for plant breeding by maintaining desirable ... Coupling of these three steps appears to be a major constraint for shifts to natural apomixis. Adventitious embryony is another ...
The Evolutionary Dynamics of Apomixis in Ferns: A Case Study from Polystichoid Ferns
T. G. Walker, "Apomixis and vegetative reproduction in ferns," in Reproductive Biology and Taxonomy of Vascular Plants, J. G. ... The Evolutionary Dynamics of Apomixis in Ferns: A Case Study from Polystichoid Ferns. Hong-Mei Liu,1 Robert J. Dyer,2,3 Zhi-You ... D. R. Marshall and A. H. D. Brown, "The evolution of apomixis," Heredity, vol. 47, pp. 1-15, 1981. View at Publisher · View at ... E. Hörandl, C. Dobeš, J. Suda et al., "Apomixis is not prevalent in subnival to nival plants of the European Alps," Annals of ...
GRAIN | Apomixis: the plant breeder's dream
This article examines apomixis research, and the main implications that transferring apomixis into crops may have for industry ... It also looks at how the apomixis research agenda is being up led by the private sector through patent applications, licensing ... In discussions of the benefits genetic engineering can bring to small farmers, proponents love to point to apomixis - the ... The apomixis accelerator. In nature, apomixis is widespread but infr-equent: it occurs in around 10% of the 400 families of ...
Frontiers | Chromosomal Evolution and Apomixis in the Cruciferous Tribe Boechereae | Plant Science
The tribe Boechereae plays a prominent role in plant research due to the incidence of apomixis and its close relationship to ... In sum, apomixis is now known to occur in five of the nine Boechereae genera. ... Here, we report sexual reproduction in diploid Nevada, diploid Sandbergia and tetraploid Cusickiella and aposporous apomixis in ... apomixis was reported in the Boechereae genera Borodinia and Phoenicaulis. ...
Frontiers | The Boechera Genus as a Resource for Apomixis Research | Plant Science
Boechera is the only among the more than 370 genera in the Brassicaceae where apomixis is well documented. Apomixis refers to ... Apomixis refers to the asexual reproduction through seed, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms has great ... In this review, we discuss the advantages of the Boechera genus to study apomixis, consider its modes of reproduction as well ... In this review, we discuss the advantages of the Boechera genus to study apomixis, consider its modes of reproduction as well ...
Apomixis in flowering plants: an overview | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Apomixis is favoured by colonizing modes, for instance post-glacially. Despite its theoretical advantages, apomixis usually ... Apomixis is a common feature of perennial plants, which occurs in ca. 60% of the British flora, but has been largely ignored by ... Apomixis in flowering plants: an overview Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from Philosophical Transactions of ... Agamospermy (apomixis by seed) is relatively uncommon, but gains from the attributes of the seed. It pays agamospermy genes, ...
Isolation of candidate genes for apomixis in Poa pratensis L., Plant Molecular Biology | 10.1007/s11103-004-5211-y | DeepDyve
"Isolation of candidate genes for apomixis in Poa pratensis L., Plant Molecular Biology" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental ... Isolation of candidate genes for apomixis in Poa pratensis L.. Isolation of candidate genes for apomixis in Poa pratensis L. ... Isolation of candidate genes for apomixis in Poa pratensis L.. Albertini, Emidio; Marconi, Gianpiero; Barcaccia, Gianni; Raggi ... If apomixis were well understood and harnessed, it could be exploited to indefinitely propagate superior hybrids or specific ...
Flowering plant - Wikipedia
Apomixis[edit]. Apomixis (reproduction via asexually formed seeds) is found naturally in about 2.2% of angiosperm genera.[63] ... One type of apomixis, gametophytic apomixis found in a dandelion species[64] involves formation of an unreduced embryo sac due ... "Taxonomy and Biogeography of Apomixis in Angiosperms and Associated Biodiversity Characteristics". CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci. 33 ...
Horticulture - Propagation | Britannica
What is apomixis ?
There are two main types of apomixis.. Types of apomixis. 1. Vegetative reproduction : New plant is produced from stem, leaf, ... What is apomixis ?. Article shared by The substitution of usual sexual reproduction by a form of reproduction which does not ... involve meiosis and syngamy is called apomixis, a term introduced by Winkler in 1908 ...
Hero Apomixis: Chapter Seven - GonzoToday
Control of fertilization-independent endosperm development by the MEDEA polycomb gene in Arabidopsis | PNAS
A crate of mass 45.0 kg is being transported on the | bartleby
Hybrid origins of M. floridensis - Speaker Deck
Apomixis in Brachiaria decumbens: calendar, carbohydrates and callose.<...
title = "Apomixis in Brachiaria decumbens: calendar, carbohydrates and callose.",. author = "D.M.A. Dusi and M.T.M. Willemse", ... Dusi, D.M.A. ; Willemse, M.T.M. / Apomixis in Brachiaria decumbens: calendar, carbohydrates and callose. XVth Int. Congr. on ... Apomixis in Brachiaria decumbens: calendar, carbohydrates and callose. In XVth Int. Congr. on Sexual Plant Reprod., Wageningen ... Apomixis in Brachiaria decumbens: calendar, carbohydrates and callose. / Dusi, D.M.A.; Willemse, M.T.M. ...
Asexual reproduction - New World Encyclopedia
An example is apomixis. Apomixis and nucellar embryony. Apomixis in plants is the formation of a new sporophyte without ... Apomixis mainly occurs in two forms. In gametophytic apomixis, the embryo arises from an unfertilized egg within a diploid ... Male apomixis can occur in rare cases, such as the Saharan cypress where the genetic material of the embryo are derived ... The term "apomixis" is also used for asexual reproduction in some animals, notably water-fleas, Daphnia. ...
Genomic analyses of primitive, wild and cultivated citrus provide insights into asexual reproduction | Nature Genetics
We also narrowed the genetic locus responsible for citrus polyembryony, a form of apomixis, to an 80-kb region containing 11 ... This study provides new insights into citrus apomixis and constitutes a promising resource for the mining of agriculturally ... The emergence of apomixis-the transition from sexual to asexual reproduction-is a prominent feature of modern citrus. Here we ... Sporophytic apomixis, including nucellar embryony, is not as well studied.. Apomixis in citrus is sporophytic-the embryos ...
Laboratory of Plant Cytology and Apomixis | Institute of molecular and cellular biology SB RAS
Sebezhko OI, Petukhov VL, Sokolov VA, Korotkevich OS, Kamaldinov EV, Syso AI, Konovalova TV, Marmuleva NI, Narozhnykh KN, Barinov EY, Osadchuk LV. Comparative assessment of radioactive strontium and cesium contents in the feedstuffs and dairy products from various regions of Western Siberia. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 8(3): 1753-1759, 2017. ...
Alice: Coexpression and transcriptome analyses identify active apomixis-related genes in Paspalum notatum leaves.
Genetic analysis of apomixis in Citrus and Poncirus by molecular markers | Citrus Genome Database
Genetic analysis of apomixis in Citrus and Poncirus by molecular markers. Authors. García R, Asíns MJ, Forner J, Carbonell EA ... Genetic analysis of apomixis in Citrus and Poncirus by molecular markers. Publication Overview ... This makes apomixis one of the host important traits in breeding programs for citrus rootstocks. The genetic control of ... Genetic analysis of apomixis in Citrus and Poncirus by molecular markers. Theoretical and applied genetics TAG. 1999; 99(3-4): ...
Plant Reproduction - previously Sexual Plant Reproduction
Publications of Jack Heslop-Harrison
Apomixis. In: The Encyclopedia of the Biological Sciences . New York: Reinhold Publishing, 45-46. Heslop-Harrison J. 1966 . ... Apomixis. In: Encyclopedia of Biological Sciences . New York: Reinhold, 45-46. Heslop-Harrison J. 1962 . Purposes and ... Apomixis, environment and adaptation. In: Recent Advances in Botany . Toronto University Press, 891-895. Heslop-Harrison J, ... Experimental control of aposporous apomixis in a grass of the Andropogoneae. Botaniska Notiser 116 : 127-141. Heslop-Harrison J ...
Entomology
... (from Greek ἔντομος, entomos, "that which is cut in pieces or engraved/segmented", hence "insect"; and -λογία, -logia[1]) is the scientific study of insects, a branch of arthropodology. At some 1.3 million described species, insects account for more than two-thirds of all known organisms,[2] date back some 400 million years, and have many kinds of interactions with humans and other forms of life on earth. It is a specialty within the field of biology. Though technically incorrect, the definition is sometimes widened to include the study of terrestrial animals in other arthropod groups or other phyla, such as arachnids, myriapods, earthworms, land snails, and slugs.. Like several of the other fields that are categorized within zoology, entomology is a taxon-based category; any form of scientific study in which there is a focus on insect related inquiries is, by definition, entomology. Entomology therefore includes a cross-section of topics as diverse as molecular genetics, ...
Trillium
See "Species of Trillium" below.. Trillium (trillium, wakerobin, tri flower, birthroot) is a genus of about 40-50 species of spring ephemeral perennials, native to temperate regions of North America and Asia.. It used to be treated in the family Trilliaceae or Trillium family, a part of the Liliales or Lily order. The AGP II treats Trilliaceae as a synonym of the family Melanthiaceae.. The above ground parts of Trilliums are scapes with three large, leaf-like bracts with the true leaves reduced to underground papery coverings around the rhizomes.. Typical species are Trillium grandiflorum (Large-flowered Trillium) in eastern North America and Trillium ovatum (Western Trillium). Both have white flowers that turn pink as they age.. Picking a trillium seriously injures the plant by preventing the leaf-like bracts from producing food for the next year. A plant takes many years to recover. For this reason in Michigan[1] and Minnesota[2] it is illegal to pick and/or transplant trilliums from public ...
Plant Reproduction | Home
Assembly of the Boechera retrofracta Genome and Evolutionary Analysis of Apomixis-Associated Genes[v1] | Preprints
Also, a detailed analysis of evolution of the APOLLO apomixis-associated locus was performed. An assembled genome of B. ... Assembly of the Boechera retrofracta Genome and Evolutionary Analysis of Apomixis-Associated Genes. Sergei Kliver , Mike Rayko ... Also, a detailed analysis of evolution of the APOLLO apomixis-associated locus was performed. An assembled genome of B. ... Boechera; Brassicaceae; genome; assembly; annotation; apomixis Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the ...
Asexual reproduction
Apomixis mainly occurs in two forms: In gametophytic apomixis, the embryo arises from an unfertilized egg within a diploid ... Apomixis in plants is the formation of a new sporophyte without fertilization. It is important in ferns and in flowering plants ... Male apomixis can occur in rare cases, such as the Saharan Cypress where the genetic material of the embryo are derived ... The term "apomixis" is also used for asexual reproduction in some animals, notably water-fleas, Daphnia. ...
Gametophytic apomixisMeiosisApomicticFertilizationCropsGenesTypes of apomixisExample of apomixisPolyploidy and apomixisBoecheraPaternal apomixisForms of asexualFacultativeReproductiveKoltunowEmbryosEmbryo is formedCitrusAsexual reproduction through seedsEmbryonyOccursPolystichoid fernsHybridizationOccurGeneraTraitsSexualityFlowering plantsSpeciesReproductionMechanismsHybridsReproduceAgamospermyGeneticGenusGametophytesPolyembryonyInterspecificPollenProgenyEvolutionLoci
Gametophytic apomixis3
- Agamospermy occurs mainly in two forms: In gametophytic apomixis, the embryo arises from an unfertilized egg cell (i.e. by parthenogenesis) in a gametophyte that was produced from a cell that did not complete meiosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, the genetic control of apomictic reproduction found in citrus (nucellar embryony) is quite complex compared to what has been reported for gametophytic apomixis. (citrusgenomedb.org)
- However, plants can also produce seeds via asexual reproduction, avoiding the need for fertilization, in a process known as gametophytic apomixis (hereafter referred to as apomixis, see Glossary, Box 1 ). (biologists.org)
Meiosis3
- Contrary to the sexual pathway, wherein the diversity of progeny is derived from meiotic recombination during gamete formation followed by parental gamete fusion and embryogenesis at fertilization, apomixis avoids meiosis during female gamete development, and embryogenesis initiates without fertilization. (beds.ac.uk)
- Relation of investigated errors of megasporogenesis with the observed occurrence of apospory in Ranunculus hybrids identifies disturbed female meiosis as potential elicitor of apomixis in order to rescue these plants from hybrid sterility. (beds.ac.uk)
- Apomixis is the mechanism of seed production without involving the process of meiosis and syngamy. (saralstudy.com)
Apomictic5
- Apomixis is the asexual production of seeds, so that apomictic seeds are clones of the mother plant. (grain.org)
- In Poa pratensis the cDNA-AFLP method of mRNA profiling allowed us to visualize a total of 2248 transcript-derived fragments and to isolate 179 sequences that differed qualitatively or quantitatively between apomictic and sexual genotypes at the time of flowering when the primary stages of apomixis occur. (deepdyve.com)
- Molecular markers linked to QTLs governing apomixis will be useful to assist selection of future apomictic rootstocks for citrus varieties. (citrusgenomedb.org)
- Observed changes in small RNA targets and biogenesis pathways within sexual and apomictic ovaries will underlie future functional research into apomixis initiation in Hieracium . (beds.ac.uk)
- As apomixis is not evident in major seed crops, isolation of genes from apomictic model species with the intention to transfer them to crops has been a major focus of research. (beds.ac.uk)
Fertilization7
- In botany, apomixis is asexual reproduction without fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
- In autonomous apomixis, seed development occurs without pollination and thus without fertilization of either the egg cell or the polar cell. (pnas.org)
- Apomixis is a reproductive process in plants where seed are produced without the union (fertilization) of the egg cell and sperm (gametes) to form an embryo. (usda.gov)
- Reproduction without fertilization (synonym to apomixis). (springer.com)
- In another instance of apomixis, the ovule cells (2n) grow into an embryo opposite to fertilization. (gardenguides.com)
- Sometimes apomixis includes embryo development as well as egg fertilization. (gardenguides.com)
- Apomixis (including apospory and diplospory) is a type of reproduction that does not involve fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
Crops12
- Since most major crops do not express natural apomixis, it is useful to understand the origin and maintenance of apomixis in natural plant systems. (cabi.org)
- The utilization of apomixis in crops must consider the potential risks of pollen transfer and introgression into sexual crop fields, which might be overcome by using pollen-sterile or cleistogamous variants. (cabi.org)
- This article examines apomixis research, and the main implications that transferring apomixis into crops may have for industry, farmers and the environment. (grain.org)
- Uncommon in wild plants and rare in crops, apomixis is one of the most cherished dreams of plant breeders. (grain.org)
- But in spite of earlier claims that its transfer into crops was around the corner, apomixis is proving elusive. (grain.org)
- The most obvious benefit of introducing apomixis into crops would be to allow selecting an individual plant and propagate it as clones through its seeds. (grain.org)
- Like genetic engineering, apomixis would demolish some of the species barriers that have contained the evolution of our crops. (grain.org)
- As demonstrated by fruit crops, apomixis enables breeders to fix valuable traits and heterozygosity. (nature.com)
- Use of apomixis in plant breeding could economize and speed delivery of new plant varieties by preserving unlinked complex traits, such as heterosis in hybrid crops, within a single seed generation. (beds.ac.uk)
- There has been a great deal of interest in using apomixis in the development of uniform, true breeding, vigorous hybrids in many of the food and grain crops, but apomixis does not naturally occur in any of these major crops. (usda.gov)
- Efforts to transfer apomixis to these crops from wild relatives using conventional breeding methods have not been successful. (usda.gov)
- Crops that reproduce through apomixis conserve the same traits from one generation to the next, essentially locking in sought-after characteristics such as drought tolerance or high nutritional value. (rural21.com)
Genes7
- Isolation of candidate genes for apomixis in Poa pratensis L. (deepdyve.com)
- We also narrowed the genetic locus responsible for citrus polyembryony, a form of apomixis, to an 80-kb region containing 11 candidate genes. (nature.com)
- This study provides new insights into citrus apomixis and constitutes a promising resource for the mining of agriculturally important genes. (nature.com)
- Alice: Coexpression and transcriptome analyses identify active apomixis-related genes in Paspalum notatum leaves. (embrapa.br)
- Identification of apomixis genes is confounded by the polyploid nature, high genome complexity and lack of genomic sequence integration with reproductive tissue transcriptomes in most apomicts. (beds.ac.uk)
- Identification of genes regulating apomixis has been hindered due to limited genomic and transcriptomic resources available in apomict model species. (beds.ac.uk)
- In this study, molecular tools were used to search for genes that are involved in the expression of apomixis. (usda.gov)
Types of apomixis3
- Thus "normal asexual reproduction" of plants, such as propagation from cuttings or leaves, has never been considered to be apomixis, but replacement of the seed by a plantlet or replacement of the flower by bulbils were categorized as types of apomixis. (wikipedia.org)
- Maheshwari used the following simple classification of types of apomixis in flowering plants: Nonrecurrent apomixis: In this type "the megaspore mother cell undergoes the usual meiotic divisions and a haploid embryo sac [megagametophyte] is formed. (wikipedia.org)
- There are two main types of apomixis. (publishyourarticles.net)
Example of apomixis2
- The first example of apomixis in citrus was reported in 1719, when Leeuwenhoek observed the development of two plantlets from the same seed 4 . (nature.com)
- Recently, an example of apomixis in gymnosperms was discovered (see Pichot, C., et al, in the 5 July 2001 issue of Nature ). (biology-pages.info)
Polyploidy and apomixis1
- Polyploidy and apomixis may contribute to taxonomic difficulties by locking suites of traits together into morphologic forms. (efloras.org)
Boechera2
- Boechera is the only among the more than 370 genera in the Brassicaceae where apomixis is well documented. (frontiersin.org)
- In this review, we discuss the advantages of the Boechera genus to study apomixis, consider its modes of reproduction as well as the inheritance and possible mechanisms controlling apomixis. (frontiersin.org)
Paternal apomixis2
- Male apomixis (paternal apomixis) involves replacement of the genetic material of an egg by the genetic material of the pollen. (wikipedia.org)
- Is this paternal apomixis in a surrogate mother a desperate attempt to avoid extinction? (biology-pages.info)
Forms of asexual2
- Some authors included all forms of asexual reproduction within apomixis, but that generalization of the term has since died out. (wikipedia.org)
- How is the ability to reproduce by apomixis advantageous compared with other forms of asexual. (bartleby.com)
Facultative3
- Facultative apomixis means that apomixis does not always occur, i.e. sexual reproduction can also happen. (wikipedia.org)
- These findings suggest that the accessions analyzed may reproduce by facultative apomixis. (usda.gov)
- Background: Semigamy in cotton is a type of facultative apomixis controlled by an incompletely dominant autosomal gene (Se). (ebscohost.com)
Reproductive1
- Apomixis is a common feature of perennial plants, which occurs in ca . 60% of the British flora, but has been largely ignored by reproductive theoreticians. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
Koltunow1
- R. A. Bicknell and A. M. Koltunow, "Understanding apomixis: recent advances and remaining conundrums," Plant Cell , vol. 16, pp. (hindawi.com)
Embryos2
- Apomixis in citrus is sporophytic-the embryos develop from somatic nucellar cells-and very stable among commercial varieties, including sweet oranges, mandarins, grapefruits and lemons 7 . (nature.com)
- Agricultural scientists would dearly love to convert these plants to apomixis: making embryos that are genetic clones of themselves rather than the product of sexual reproduction with its inevitable gene reshuffling. (biology-pages.info)
Embryo is formed2
- In adventitious embryony (sporophytic apomixis), an embryo is formed directly (not from a gametophyte) from nucellus or integument tissue (see nucellar embryony). (wikipedia.org)
- Falcinelli, Mario 2005-04-07 00:00:00 The essential feature of apomixis is that an embryo is formed autonomously by parthenogenesis from an unreduced egg of an embryo sac generated through apomeiosis. (deepdyve.com)
Citrus2
- The emergence of apomixis-the transition from sexual to asexual reproduction-is a prominent feature of modern citrus. (nature.com)
- This makes apomixis one of the host important traits in breeding programs for citrus rootstocks. (citrusgenomedb.org)
Asexual reproduction through seeds1
- Asexual reproduction through seeds, or apomixis, is a process that holds much promise for agricultural advances. (usda.gov)
Embryony3
- Adventitious embryony is another developmental pathway toward apomixis. (cabi.org)
- Sporophytic apomixis, including nucellar embryony, is not as well studied. (nature.com)
- One of the markers associated to apomixis (Apo2) is also associated to embryony type. (citrusgenomedb.org)
Occurs4
- See also androgenesis and androclinesis described below, a type of male apomixis that occurs in a conifer, Cupressus dupreziana. (wikipedia.org)
- In nature, apomixis is widespread but infr-equent: it occurs in around 10% of the 400 families of flowering plants, but only in 1% of the 40,000 species that make up those families. (grain.org)
- Apomixis occurs in many of the warm-season grasses including buffelgrass. (usda.gov)
- Apomixis occurs in more than 400 plant species belonging to ∼40 genera. (biologists.org)
Polystichoid ferns1
- Among polystichoid ferns, apomixis evolved several times independently in three different clades. (wikipedia.org)
Hybridization1
- Many studies suggest that hybridization, either on diploid or polyploid cytotypes, is a major trigger for the formation of unreduced female gametophytes, which represents the first step toward apomixis, and must be combined to parthenogenesis, the development of an unfertilized egg cell. (cabi.org)
Occur3
- Apomixis is reported to occur in about 10% of globally extant ferns. (wikipedia.org)
- In sum, apomixis is now known to occur in five of the nine Boechereae genera. (frontiersin.org)
- Polyploid forms and asexual seed production (apomixis) occur in some species. (efloras.org)
Genera3
- Examples of apomixis can be found in the genera Crataegus (hawthorns), Amelanchier (shadbush), Sorbus (rowans and whitebeams), Rubus (brambles or blackberries), Poa (meadow grasses), Nardus stricta (Matgrass), Hieracium (hawkweeds) and Taraxacum (dandelions). (wikipedia.org)
- Recently, apomixis was reported in the Boechereae genera Borodinia and Phoenicaulis . (frontiersin.org)
- Compounding the problem is that apomixis is common in several genera. (eol.org)
Traits2
- Although the evolutionary advantages of sexual reproduction are lost, apomixis can pass along traits fortuitous for evolutionary fitness. (wikipedia.org)
- Application of apomixis, or asexual seed formation, in crop breeding would allow rapid fixation of complex traits, economizing improved crop delivery. (beds.ac.uk)
Sexuality2
- Despite its theoretical advantages, apomixis usually coexists with sexuality, suggesting 'hidden' disadvantages. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- Chi-square tests of independence were significant for both 1:1 ratios as expected with sexuality and 1:0 ratios as expected with apomixis. (usda.gov)
Flowering plants1
- In flowering plants, the term "apomixis" is commonly used in a restricted sense to mean agamospermy, i.e., clonal reproduction through seeds. (wikipedia.org)
Species4
- The combination of apomixis' capacity to create and stabilise new genetic combinations and to break the species barriers could lead to the 'asexual revolution', which some think could even dwarf the Green Revolution. (grain.org)
- It is a widespread and well known group of over 375 species which reproduce by apomixis . (wikipedia.org)
- In the past, a great deal of research has been conducted studying the genetics of apomixis in this grass, and because of this, buffelgrass is an excellent model species to use in learning more about apomixis. (usda.gov)
- Consequently, understanding the genetic diversity of this species is relevant to the utilization and conservation of its germplasm resources, to population genetic studies, and to the evolution of apomixis in this dioecious species. (bioone.org)
Reproduction10
- in other words, that "obligate apomixis" is an artifact of insufficient observation (missing uncommon sexual reproduction). (wikipedia.org)
- Apomixis, the asexual reproduction via seed, has many potential applications for plant breeding by maintaining desirable genotypes over generations. (cabi.org)
- But their pollen is often viable, so that apomixis can also be transmitted through the more common mechanism of sexual reproduction. (grain.org)
- Here, we report sexual reproduction in diploid Nevada , diploid Sandbergia , and tetraploid Cusickiella and aposporous apomixis in tetraploids of Polyctenium and Sandbergia . (frontiersin.org)
- Apomixis refers to the asexual reproduction through seed, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms has great potential for applications in agriculture. (frontiersin.org)
- The emergence of apomixis, which is asexual reproduction via seeds, is supposed to be connected to these factors and was often regarded as an escape from hybrid sterility. (beds.ac.uk)
- Asexual reproduction through seed, called apomixis, is key in developing new crop varieties for widespread use. (rural21.com)
- an organism reproducing by, or formed by, apomixis, nonsexual reproduction from an unfertilized ovum. (absp.org.uk)
- relating to apomixis, nonsexual reproduction, from an unfertilized ovum. (absp.org.uk)
- Other plants, especially weeds such as hawkweed and dandelions, can produce true seeds that are clones of themselves without sexual reproduction -- a still poorly understood process called apomixis. (ucdavis.edu)
Mechanisms2
- Part I. The mechanisms of apomixis. (springer.com)
- However, the molecular mechanisms underlying apomixis are currently poorly understood. (usda.gov)
Hybrids3
- If apomixis were well understood and harnessed, it could be exploited to indefinitely propagate superior hybrids or specific genotypes bearing complex gene sets. (deepdyve.com)
- Many such hybrids use apomixis to propagate themselves. (biology-pages.info)
- The many races of Kentucky bluegrass growing in lawns across North America and the many races of blackberries are two examples of sterile hybrids that propagate successfully by apomixis. (biology-pages.info)
Reproduce1
- With this molecular marker, plant breeders can run a quick and inexpensive test when Brachiaria grasses are seedlings to identify whether they reproduce through apomixis. (rural21.com)
Agamospermy1
- Agamospermy (apomixis by seed) is relatively uncommon, but gains from the attributes of the seed. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
Genetic3
- In discussions of the benefits genetic engineering can bring to small farmers, proponents love to point to apomixis - the production of cloned seed. (grain.org)
- The genetic control of apomixis was studied in a 50-tree progeny derived from the cross C. volkameriana×P. trifoliata using 69 molecular markers and bulked segregant analysis. (citrusgenomedb.org)
- Apomixis has been described in a close relative of Arabidopsis , Arabis holboellii ( 3 ), and some genetic data support a one or two gene control of apomixis ( 3 ), so we reasoned that a mutational approach in Arabidopsis might detect mutants displaying some components of apomixis. (pnas.org)
Genus1
- Nosrati, H , Price, AH & Wilcock, CC 2010, ' No evidence of apomixis in matroclinal progeny from experimental crosses in the genus Fragaria (strawberry) based on RAPDs ', Euphytica , vol. 171, no. 2, pp. 193-202. (elsevier.com)
Gametophytes1
- In plants with independent gametophytes (notably ferns), the term is still used interchangeably with "apomixis", and both refer to the formation of sporophytes by parthenogenesis of gametophyte cells. (wikipedia.org)
Polyembryony1
- Apomixis and polyembryony in Pachira oleaginea (Bombacaceae). (thefreedictionary.com)
Interspecific1
- C. H. Park and M. Kato, "Apomixis in the interspecific triploid hybrid fern Cornopteris christenseniana (Woodsiaceae)," Journal of Plant Research , vol. 116, no. 2, pp. 93-103, 2003. (hindawi.com)
Pollen3
- These have been attributed to either accidental selfing and/or pollen contamination, or apomixis. (elsevier.com)
- Our results showed that the complete morphological similarity of progeny to the seed parent, even in recessive characteristics, cannot therefore be taken as evidence of apomixis, and may rather indicate the heterozygosity of the pollen parent, emphasising the need to use DNA markers for confirmation of apomixis. (elsevier.com)
- Hence, pollen development continues without major alterations, while selection will favour apomixis as alternative to the female meiotic pathway. (beds.ac.uk)
Progeny1
- The absence of apomixis among matroclinal progeny in this study casts doubt on previous reports of apomixis in Fragaria. (elsevier.com)
Evolution1
- Also, a detailed analysis of evolution of the APOLLO apomixis-associated locus was performed. (preprints.org)
Loci1
- Analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) revealed the presence of six genomic positions (two in P. trifoliata and four in C. volkameriana) contributing individually up to 24% of the total variation for apomixis. (citrusgenomedb.org)