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ApolipoproteinsApolipoproteins AApolipoproteins CApolipoproteins BApolipoprotein A-IApolipoprotein A-IIApolipoproteins EApolipoprotein C-IIApolipoprotein C-IIILipoproteins, HDLApolipoproteins DLipoproteinsApolipoprotein C-ICholesterolLipoproteins, VLDLTriglyceridesLipidsApolipoprotein B-100Apolipoprotein B-48Cholesterol, HDLLipoproteins, HDL3Tangier DiseasePhosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-AcyltransferaseLipoproteins, LDLNephelometry and TurbidimetryATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1Cholesterol EstersIsoelectric FocusingReceptors, LipoproteinLipid MetabolismChylomicronsCholesterol, LDLPhospholipidsUltracentrifugationHypolipoproteinemiasLipoproteins, HDL2Lipoprotein(a)LymphElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelApoproteinsHyperlipidemiasLiverImmunodiffusionLipoprotein LipaseTrioleinHyperlipoproteinemia Type IVPhosphatidylcholinesKineticsATP-Binding Cassette TransportersHyperlipoproteinemiasApolipoprotein E3Chemistry, ClinicalCholesterol, VLDLHypertriglyceridemiaCholesterol Ester Transfer ProteinsLipoproteins, IDLReference ValuesScavenger Receptors, Class BFreeze DryingEthinyl EstradiolParticle SizeImmunoassaySerum Amyloid A ProteinDietary FatsMicroscopy, ElectronImmunoelectrophoresisHyperlipoproteinemia Type VAbetalipoproteinemiaDimyristoylphosphatidylcholineReceptors, ScavengerAmino Acid SequenceOleic AcidChromatography, GelMolecular WeightArteriosclerosisBiological TransportLipolysisSterol O-AcyltransferaseRats, Inbred StrainsCallitrichinaeHigh-Density Lipoproteins, Pre-betaLipaseLiposomesReceptors, LDLOleic AcidsCarrier ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataLecithin Acyltransferase DeficiencyHyperlipidemia, Familial CombinedProtein BindingAntigens, CD36ButterHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIEsterificationGlycoproteinsEmulsionsSalmonidaeBinding, CompetitiveCholesterol, DietaryReference StandardsIodine RadioisotopesElectrophoresis, Agar GelOilsAnguillaAtherosclerosisChromatography, AgaroseHypolipidemic AgentsCentrifugation, Density GradientHypobetalipoproteinemiasRadioimmunoassayCircular DichroismElectrophoresisProtein Structure, SecondaryTime FactorsDansyl CompoundsPolymorphism, GeneticDyslipidemiasbeta 2-Glycoprotein IBiological MarkersCells, CulturedCoronary DiseaseAcute-Phase ReactionHypercholesterolemiaPhospholipid Transfer ProteinsClusterinProtein ConformationPlacental LactogenFatty AcidsSepharoseAmino AcidsRadioisotope Dilution TechniquePerfusionRisk FactorsHyperlipoproteinemia Type III
Apolipoproteins: Protein components on the surface of LIPOPROTEINS. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and LIPID METABOLISM. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the LIVER and the INTESTINES.Apolipoproteins A: Structural proteins of the alpha-lipoproteins (HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS), including APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I and APOLIPOPROTEIN A-II. They can modulate the activity of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE. These apolipoproteins are low in atherosclerotic patients. They are either absent or present in extremely low plasma concentration in TANGIER DISEASE.Apolipoproteins C: A group of apolipoproteins that can readily exchange among the various classes of lipoproteins (HDL; VLDL; CHYLOMICRONS). After lipolysis of TRIGLYCERIDES on VLDL and chylomicrons, Apo-C proteins are normally transferred to HDL. The subtypes can modulate remnant binding to receptors, LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE, or LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE.Apolipoproteins B: Major structural proteins of triacylglycerol-rich LIPOPROTEINS. There are two forms, apolipoprotein B-100 and apolipoprotein B-48, both derived from a single gene. ApoB-100 expressed in the liver is found in low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). ApoB-48 expressed in the intestine is found in CHYLOMICRONS. They are important in the biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Plasma Apo-B levels are high in atherosclerotic patients but non-detectable in ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA.Apolipoprotein A-I: The most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. This protein serves as an acceptor for CHOLESTEROL released from cells thus promoting efflux of cholesterol to HDL then to the LIVER for excretion from the body (reverse cholesterol transport). It also acts as a cofactor for LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE that forms CHOLESTEROL ESTERS on the HDL particles. Mutations of this gene APOA1 cause HDL deficiency, such as in FAMILIAL ALPHA LIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE and in some patients with TANGIER DISEASE.Apolipoprotein A-II: The second most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. It has a high lipid affinity and is known to displace APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I from HDL particles and generates a stable HDL complex. ApoA-II can modulate the activation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE in the presence of APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I, thus affecting HDL metabolism.Apolipoproteins E: A class of protein components which can be found in several lipoproteins including HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and CHYLOMICRONS. Synthesized in most organs, Apo E is important in the global transport of lipids and cholesterol throughout the body. Apo E is also a ligand for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) that mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in cells. There are several allelic isoforms (such as E2, E3, and E4). Deficiency or defects in Apo E are causes of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.Apolipoprotein C-II: A 9-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. It contains a cofactor for LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE and activates several triacylglycerol lipases. The association of Apo C-II with plasma CHYLOMICRONS; VLDL, and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS is reversible and changes rapidly as a function of triglyceride metabolism. Clinically, Apo C-II deficiency is similar to lipoprotein lipase deficiency (HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE I) and is therefore called hyperlipoproteinemia type IB.Apolipoprotein C-III: A 9-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and CHYLOMICRON REMNANTS. Apo C-III, synthesized in the liver, is an inhibitor of LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE. Apo C-III modulates the binding of chylomicron remnants and VLDL to receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) thus decreases the uptake of triglyceride-rich particles by the liver cells and subsequent degradation. The normal Apo C-III is glycosylated. There are several polymorphic forms with varying amounts of SIALIC ACID (Apo C-III-0, Apo C-III-1, and Apo C-III-2).Lipoproteins, HDL: A class of lipoproteins of small size (4-13 nm) and dense (greater than 1.063 g/ml) particles. HDL lipoproteins, synthesized in the liver without a lipid core, accumulate cholesterol esters from peripheral tissues and transport them to the liver for re-utilization or elimination from the body (the reverse cholesterol transport). Their major protein component is APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I. HDL also shuttle APOLIPOPROTEINS C and APOLIPOPROTEINS E to and from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during their catabolism. HDL plasma level has been inversely correlated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases.Apolipoproteins D: A glycoprotein component of HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS that transports small hydrophobic ligands including CHOLESTEROL and STEROLS. It occurs in the macromolecular complex with LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE. Apo D is expressed in and secreted from a variety of tissues such as liver, placenta, brain tissue and others.Lipoproteins: Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.Apolipoprotein C-I: A 6.6-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. Apo C-I displaces APO E from lipoproteins, modulate their binding to receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL), and thereby decrease their clearance from plasma. Elevated Apo C-I levels are associated with HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.Lipoproteins, VLDL: A class of lipoproteins of very light (0.93-1.006 g/ml) large size (30-80 nm) particles with a core composed mainly of TRIGLYCERIDES and a surface monolayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL into which are imbedded the apolipoproteins B, E, and C. VLDL facilitates the transport of endogenously made triglycerides to extrahepatic tissues. As triglycerides and Apo C are removed, VLDL is converted to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS from which cholesterol is delivered to the extrahepatic tissues.TriglyceridesLipids: A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Apolipoprotein B-100: A 513-kDa protein synthesized in the LIVER. It serves as the major structural protein of low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). It is the ligand for the LDL receptor (RECEPTORS, LDL) that promotes cellular binding and internalization of LDL particles.Apolipoprotein B-48: A 241-kDa protein synthesized only in the INTESTINES. It serves as a structural protein of CHYLOMICRONS. Its exclusive association with chylomicron particles provides an indicator of intestinally derived lipoproteins in circulation. Apo B-48 is a shortened form of apo B-100 and lacks the LDL-receptor region.Cholesterol, HDL: Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.Lipoproteins, HDL3: Intermediate-density subclass of the high-density lipoproteins, with particle sizes between 7 to 8 nm. As the larger lighter HDL2 lipoprotein, HDL3 lipoprotein is lipid-rich.Tangier Disease: An autosomal recessively inherited disorder caused by mutation of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS involved in cellular cholesterol removal (reverse-cholesterol transport). It is characterized by near absence of ALPHA-LIPOPROTEINS (high-density lipoproteins) in blood. The massive tissue deposition of cholesterol esters results in HEPATOMEGALY; SPLENOMEGALY; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; large orange tonsils; and often sensory POLYNEUROPATHY. The disorder was first found among inhabitants of Tangier Island in the Chesapeake Bay, MD.Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase: An enzyme secreted from the liver into the plasma of many mammalian species. It catalyzes the esterification of the hydroxyl group of lipoprotein cholesterol by the transfer of a fatty acid from the C-2 position of lecithin. In familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency disease, the absence of the enzyme results in an excess of unesterified cholesterol in plasma. EC 2.3.1.43.Lipoproteins, LDL: A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.Nephelometry and Turbidimetry: Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1: A superfamily of large integral ATP-binding cassette membrane proteins whose expression pattern is consistent with a role in lipid (cholesterol) efflux. It is implicated in TANGIER DISEASE characterized by accumulation of cholesteryl ester in various tissues.Cholesterol Esters: Fatty acid esters of cholesterol which constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis.Isoelectric Focusing: Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point.Receptors, Lipoprotein: Cell surface proteins that bind lipoproteins with high affinity. Lipoprotein receptors in the liver and peripheral tissues mediate the regulation of plasma and cellular cholesterol metabolism and concentration. The receptors generally recognize the apolipoproteins of the lipoprotein complex, and binding is often a trigger for endocytosis.Lipid Metabolism: Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.Chylomicrons: A class of lipoproteins that carry dietary CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES from the SMALL INTESTINE to the tissues. Their density (0.93-1.006 g/ml) is the same as that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.Cholesterol, LDL: Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to low density lipoproteins (LDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.Phospholipids: Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.Ultracentrifugation: Centrifugation with a centrifuge that develops centrifugal fields of more than 100,000 times gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Hypolipoproteinemias: Conditions with abnormally low levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. This may involve any of the lipoprotein subclasses, including ALPHA-LIPOPROTEINS (high-density lipoproteins); BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low-density lipoproteins); and PREBETA-LIPOPROTEINS (very-low-density lipoproteins).Lipoproteins, HDL2: Low-density subclass of the high-density lipoproteins, with particle sizes between 8 to 13 nm.Lipoprotein(a): A lipoprotein that resembles the LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS but with an extra protein moiety, APOPROTEIN (A) also known as APOLIPOPROTEIN (A), linked to APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100 on the LDL by one or two disulfide bonds. High plasma level of lipoprotein (a) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Lymph: The interstitial fluid that is in the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel: Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.Apoproteins: The protein components of a number of complexes, such as enzymes (APOENZYMES), ferritin (APOFERRITINS), or lipoproteins (APOLIPOPROTEINS).Hyperlipidemias: Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Immunodiffusion: Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.Lipoprotein Lipase: An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. The enzyme hydrolyzes triacylglycerols in chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and diacylglycerols. It occurs on capillary endothelial surfaces, especially in mammary, muscle, and adipose tissue. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme causes familial hyperlipoproteinemia Type I. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.34.Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV: A hypertriglyceridemia disorder, often with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the persistent elevations of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES, endogenously synthesized and contained predominantly in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). In contrast, the plasma CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS usually remain within normal limits.Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters: A family of MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that require ATP hydrolysis for the transport of substrates across membranes. The protein family derives its name from the ATP-binding domain found on the protein.Hyperlipoproteinemias: Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.Apolipoprotein E3: A 34-kDa glycosylated protein. A major and most common isoform of apolipoprotein E. Therefore, it is also known as apolipoprotein E (ApoE). In human, Apo E3 is a 299-amino acid protein with a cysteine at the 112 and an arginine at the 158 position. It is involved with the transport of TRIGLYCERIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and CHOLESTERYL ESTERS in and out of the cells.Chemistry, Clinical: The specialty of ANALYTIC CHEMISTRY applied to assays of physiologically important substances found in blood, urine, tissues, and other biological fluids for the purpose of aiding the physician in making a diagnosis or following therapy.Cholesterol, VLDL: Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). High circulating levels of VLDL cholesterol are found in HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE IIB. The cholesterol on the VLDL is eventually delivered by LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS to the tissues after the catabolism of VLDL to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LDL.Hypertriglyceridemia: A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins: Proteins that bind to and transfer CHOLESTEROL ESTERS between LIPOPROTEINS such as LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.Lipoproteins, IDL: A mixture of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), particularly the triglyceride-poor VLDL, with slow diffuse electrophoretic mobilities in the beta and alpha2 regions which are similar to that of beta-lipoproteins (LDL) or alpha-lipoproteins (HDL). They can be intermediate (remnant) lipoproteins in the de-lipidation process, or remnants of mutant CHYLOMICRONS and VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS which cannot be metabolized completely as seen in FAMILIAL DYSBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Scavenger Receptors, Class B: A family of scavenger receptors that are predominately localized to CAVEOLAE of the PLASMA MEMBRANE and bind HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.Freeze Drying: Method of tissue preparation in which the tissue specimen is frozen and then dehydrated at low temperature in a high vacuum. This method is also used for dehydrating pharmaceutical and food products.Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.Particle Size: Relating to the size of solids.Immunoassay: A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.Serum Amyloid A Protein: An ACUTE PHASE REACTION protein present in low concentrations in normal sera, but found at higher concentrations in sera of older persons and in patients with AMYLOIDOSIS. It is the circulating precusor of amyloid A protein, which is found deposited in AA type AMYLOID FIBRILS.Dietary Fats: Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.Microscopy, Electron: Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.Immunoelectrophoresis: A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.Hyperlipoproteinemia Type V: A severe type of hyperlipidemia, sometimes familial, that is characterized by the elevation of both plasma CHYLOMICRONS and TRIGLYCERIDES contained in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. Type V hyperlipoproteinemia is often associated with DIABETES MELLITUS and is not caused by reduced LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE activity as in HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE I .Abetalipoproteinemia: An autosomal recessive disorder of lipid metabolism. It is caused by mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein that catalyzes the transport of lipids (TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS) and is required in the secretion of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL). Features include defective intestinal lipid absorption, very low serum cholesterol level, and near absent LDL.Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine: A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers for the study of biological membranes.Receptors, Scavenger: A large group of structurally diverse cell surface receptors that mediate endocytic uptake of modified LIPOPROTEINS. Scavenger receptors are expressed by MYELOID CELLS and some ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, and were originally characterized based on their ability to bind acetylated LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. They can also bind a variety of other polyanionic ligand. Certain scavenger receptors can internalize micro-organisms as well as apoptotic cells.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)Chromatography, Gel: Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.Molecular Weight: The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.Arteriosclerosis: Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.Biological Transport: The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.Lipolysis: The metabolic process of breaking down LIPIDS to release FREE FATTY ACIDS, the major oxidative fuel for the body. Lipolysis may involve dietary lipids in the DIGESTIVE TRACT, circulating lipids in the BLOOD, and stored lipids in the ADIPOSE TISSUE or the LIVER. A number of enzymes are involved in such lipid hydrolysis, such as LIPASE and LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE from various tissues.Sterol O-Acyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters by the direct transfer of the fatty acid group from a fatty acyl CoA derivative. This enzyme has been found in the adrenal gland, gonads, liver, intestinal mucosa, and aorta of many mammalian species. EC 2.3.1.26.Rats, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.Callitrichinae: A subfamily in the family CEBIDAE that consists of four genera: CALLITHRIX (marmosets), CALLIMICO (Goeldi's monkey), LEONTOPITHECUS (lion tamarins), and SAGUINUS (long-tusked tamarins). The members of this family inhabit the tropical forests of South and Central America.High-Density Lipoproteins, Pre-beta: A highly dense subclass of the high-density lipoproteins, with particle sizes below 7 nm. They are also known as nascent HDL, composed of a few APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I molecules which are complexed with PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The lipid-poor pre-beta-HDL particles serve as progenitors of HDL3 and then HDL2 after absorption of free cholesterol from cell membranes, cholesterol esterification, and acquisition of apolipoproteins A-II, Cs, and E. Pre-beta-HDL initiate the reverse cholesterol transport process from cells to liver.Lipase: An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.Liposomes: Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.Receptors, LDL: Receptors on the plasma membrane of nonhepatic cells that specifically bind LDL. The receptors are localized in specialized regions called coated pits. Hypercholesteremia is caused by an allelic genetic defect of three types: 1, receptors do not bind to LDL; 2, there is reduced binding of LDL; and 3, there is normal binding but no internalization of LDL. In consequence, entry of cholesterol esters into the cell is impaired and the intracellular feedback by cholesterol on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase is lacking.Oleic Acids: A group of fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.Carrier Proteins: Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Lecithin Acyltransferase Deficiency: An autosomal recessively inherited disorder caused by mutation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE that facilitates the esterification of lipoprotein cholesterol and subsequent removal from peripheral tissues to the liver. This defect results in low HDL-cholesterol level in blood and accumulation of free cholesterol in tissue leading to a triad of CORNEAL OPACITY, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), and PROTEINURIA.Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined: A type of familial lipid metabolism disorder characterized by a variable pattern of elevated plasma CHOLESTEROL and/or TRIGLYCERIDES. Multiple genes on different chromosomes may be involved, such as the major late transcription factor (UPSTREAM STIMULATORY FACTORS) on CHROMOSOME 1.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Antigens, CD36: Leukocyte differentiation antigens and major platelet membrane glycoproteins present on MONOCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; PLATELETS; and mammary EPITHELIAL CELLS. They play major roles in CELL ADHESION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; and regulation of angiogenesis. CD36 is a receptor for THROMBOSPONDINS and can act as a scavenger receptor that recognizes and transports oxidized LIPOPROTEINS and FATTY ACIDS.Butter: The fatty portion of milk, separated as a soft yellowish solid when milk or cream is churned. It is processed for cooking and table use. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II: A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).Esterification: The process of converting an acid into an alkyl or aryl derivative. Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. Esterification can also be accomplished by enzymatic processes.Glycoproteins: Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.Emulsions: Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.Salmonidae: A family of anadromous fish comprising SALMON; TROUT; whitefish; and graylings. They are the most important food and game fishes. Their habitat is the northern Atlantic and Pacific, both marine and inland, and the Great Lakes. (Nelson: Fishes of the World, 1976, p97)Binding, Competitive: The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.Cholesterol, Dietary: Cholesterol present in food, especially in animal products.Reference Standards: A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.Iodine Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.Electrophoresis, Agar Gel: Electrophoresis in which agar or agarose gel is used as the diffusion medium.Oils: Unctuous combustible substances that are liquid or easily liquefiable on warming, and are soluble in ether but insoluble in water. Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils. Depending on their behavior on heating, they are volatile or fixed. (Dorland, 28th ed)AnguillaAtherosclerosis: A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.Chromatography, Agarose: A method of gel filtration chromatography using agarose, the non-ionic component of agar, for the separation of compounds with molecular weights up to several million.Hypolipidemic Agents: Substances that lower the levels of certain LIPIDS in the BLOOD. They are used to treat HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.Centrifugation, Density Gradient: Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Hypobetalipoproteinemias: Conditions with abnormally low levels of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL) in the blood. It is defined as LDL values equal to or less than the 5th percentile for the population. They include the autosomal dominant form involving mutation of the APOLIPOPROTEINS B gene, and the autosomal recessive form involving mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. All are characterized by low LDL and dietary fat malabsorption.Radioimmunoassay: Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.Circular Dichroism: A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Electrophoresis: An electrochemical process in which macromolecules or colloidal particles with a net electric charge migrate in a solution under the influence of an electric current.Protein Structure, Secondary: The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Dansyl Compounds: Compounds that contain a 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl group.Polymorphism, Genetic: The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.Dyslipidemias: Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.beta 2-Glycoprotein I: A 44-kDa highly glycosylated plasma protein that binds phospholipids including CARDIOLIPIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN E RECEPTOR; membrane phospholipids, and other anionic phospholipid-containing moieties. It plays a role in coagulation and apoptotic processes. Formerly known as apolipoprotein H, it is an autoantigen in patients with ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Coronary Disease: An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.Acute-Phase Reaction: An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.Hypercholesterolemia: A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.Phospholipid Transfer Proteins: A ubiquitous family of proteins that transport PHOSPHOLIPIDS such as PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL and PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE between membranes. They play an important role in phospholipid metabolism during vesicular transport and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.Clusterin: A highly conserved heterodimeric glycoprotein that is differentially expressed during many severe physiological disturbance states such as CANCER; APOPTOSIS; and various NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS. Clusterin is ubiquitously expressed and appears to function as a secreted MOLECULAR CHAPERONE.Protein Conformation: The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).Placental Lactogen: A polypeptide hormone of approximately 25 kDa that is produced by the SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLASTS of the PLACENTA, also known as chorionic somatomammotropin. It has both GROWTH HORMONE and PROLACTIN activities on growth, lactation, and luteal steroid production. In women, placental lactogen secretion begins soon after implantation and increases to 1 g or more a day in late pregnancy. Placental lactogen is also an insulin antagonist.Fatty Acids: Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)SepharoseAmino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.Radioisotope Dilution Technique: Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Perfusion: Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III: An autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL or broad-beta-lipoprotein). IDL has a CHOLESTEROL to TRIGLYCERIDES ratio greater than that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. This disorder is due to mutation of APOLIPOPROTEINS E, a receptor-binding component of VLDL and CHYLOMICRONS, resulting in their reduced clearance and high plasma levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides.

The isolation and partial characterization of the serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of the rainbow trout. (1/2216)

1. VLD (very-low-density), LD (low-density) and HD (high-density) lipoproteins were isolated from the serum of trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). 2. Each lipoprotein class resembled that of the human in immunological reactivity, electrophoretic behaviour and appearance in the electron microscope. Trout LD lipoprotein, however, was of greater density than human LD lipoprotein. 3. The trout lipoproteins have lipid compositions which are similar to those of the corresponding human components, except for their high contents of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. 4. HD and LD lipoproteins were immunologically non-identical, whereas LD lipoproteins possessed antigenic determinants in common with VLD lipoproteins. 5. VLD and HD lipoproteins each contained at least seven different apoproteins, whereas LD liprotein was composed largely of a single apoprotein which resembled human apolipoprotein B. 6. At least one, and possibly three, apoprotein of trout HD lipoprotein showed features which resemble human apoprotein A-1.7. The broad similarity between the trout and human lipoprotein systems suggests that both arose from common ancestral genes early in evolutionary history.  (+info)

Transgenic rabbits as models for atherosclerosis research. (2/2216)

Several characteristics of the rabbit make it an excellent model for the study of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits have low plasma total cholesterol concentrations, high cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity, low hepatic lipase (HL) activity, and lack an analogue of human apolipoprotein (apo) A-II, providing a unique system in which to assess the effects of human transgenes on plasma lipoproteins and atherosclerosis susceptibility. Additionally, rabbit models of human lipoprotein disorders, such as the Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic (WHHL) and St. Thomas' Hospital strains, models of familial hypercholesterolemia and familial combined hyperlipidemia, respectively, allow for the assessment of candidate genes for potential use in the treatment of dyslipoproteinemic patients. To date, transgenes for human apo(a), apoA-I, apoB, apoE2, apoE3, HL, and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), as well as for rabbit apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic poly-peptide 1 (APOBEC-1), have been expressed in NZW rabbits, whereas only those for human apoA-I and LCAT have been introduced into the WHHL background. All of these transgenes have been shown to have significant effects on plasma lipoprotein concentrations. In both NZW and WHHL rabbits, human apoA-I expression was associated with a significant reduction in the extent of aortic atherosclerosis, which was similarly the case for LCAT in rabbits having at least one functional LDL receptor allele. Conversely, expression of apoE2 in NZW rabbits caused increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis. These studies provide new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the development of atherosclerosis, emphasizing the strength of the rabbit model in cardiovascular disease research.  (+info)

The heparin/heparan sulfate-binding site on apo-serum amyloid A. Implications for the therapeutic intervention of amyloidosis. (3/2216)

Serum amyloid A isoforms, apoSAA1 and apoSAA2, are apolipoproteins of unknown function that become major components of high density lipoprotein (HDL) during the acute phase of an inflammatory response. ApoSAA is also the precursor of inflammation-associated amyloid, and there is strong evidence that the formation of inflammation-associated and other types of amyloid is promoted by heparan sulfate (HS). Data presented herein demonstrate that both mouse and human apoSAA contain binding sites that are specific for heparin and HS, with no binding for the other major glycosaminoglycans detected. Cyanogen bromide-generated peptides of mouse apoSAA1 and apoSAA2 were screened for heparin binding activity. Two peptides, an apoSAA1-derived 80-mer (residues 24-103) and a smaller carboxyl-terminal 27-mer peptide of apoSAA2 (residues 77-103), were retained by a heparin column. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the CNBr-generated 27-mer also bound heparin, and by substituting or deleting one or more of its six basic residues (Arg-83, His-84, Arg-86, Lys-89, Arg-95, and Lys-102), their relative importance for heparin and HS binding was determined. The Lys-102 residue appeared to be required only for HS binding. The residues Arg-86, Lys-89, Arg-95, and Lys-102 are phylogenetically conserved suggesting that the heparin/HS binding activity may be an important aspect of the function of apoSAA. HS linked by its carboxyl groups to an Affi-Gel column or treated with carbodiimide to block its carboxyl groups lost the ability to bind apoSAA. HDL-apoSAA did not bind to heparin; however, it did bind to HS, an interaction to which apoA-I contributed. Results from binding experiments with Congo Red-Sepharose 4B columns support the conclusions of a recent structural study which found that heparin binding domains have a common spatial distance of about 20 A between their two outer basic residues. Our present work provides direct evidence that apoSAA can associate with HS (and heparin) and that the occupation of its binding site by HS, and HS analogs, likely caused the previously reported increase in amyloidogenic conformation (beta-sheet) of apoSAA2 (McCubbin, W. D., Kay, C. M., Narindrasorasak, S., and Kisilevsky, R. (1988) Biochem. J. 256, 775-783) and their amyloid-suppressing effects in vivo (Kisilevsky, R., Lemieux, L. J., Fraser, P. E., Kong, X., Hultin, P. G., and Szarek, W. A. (1995) Nat. Med. 1, 143-147), respectively.  (+info)

Potent inhibition of CD4/TCR-mediated T cell apoptosis by a CD4-binding glycoprotein secreted from breast tumor and seminal vesicle cells. (4/2216)

We previously isolated a CD4 ligand glycoprotein, gp17, from human seminal plasma; this glycoprotein is identical with gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), a factor specifically secreted from primary and secondary breast tumors. The function of gp17/GCDFP-15 in physiological as well as in pathological conditions has remained elusive thus far. As a follow up to our previous findings that gp17 binds to CD4 with high affinity and interferes with both HIV-1 gp120 binding to CD4 and syncytium formation, we investigated whether gp17 could affect the T lymphocyte apoptosis induced by a separate ligation of CD4 and TCR. We show here that gp17/GCDFP-15 is in fact a strong and specific inhibitor of the T lymphocyte programmed cell death induced by CD4 cross-linking and subsequent TCR activation. The antiapoptotic effect observed in the presence of gp17 correlates with a moderate up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression in treated cells. The presence of gp17 also prevents the down-modulation of Bcl-2 expression in Bcl-2bright CD4+ T cells that is caused by the triggering of apoptosis. Our results suggest that gp17 may represent a new immunomodulatory CD4 binding factor playing a role in host defense against infections and tumors.  (+info)

Effects of alcohol and cholesterol feeding on lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol absorption in rabbits. (5/2216)

Alcohol fed to rabbits in a liquid formula at 30% of calories increased plasma cholesterol by 36% in the absence of dietary cholesterol and by 40% in the presence of a 0.5% cholesterol diet. The increase was caused almost entirely by VLDL, IDL, and LDL. Cholesterol feeding decreased the fractional catabolic rate for VLDL and LDL apoprotein by 80% and 57%, respectively, and increased the production rate of VLDL and LDL apoprotein by 75% and 15%, respectively. Alcohol feeding had no effect on VLDL apoprotein production but increased LDL production rate by 55%. The efficiency of intestinal cholesterol absorption was increased by alcohol. In the presence of dietary cholesterol, percent cholesterol absorption rose from 34.4+/-2.6% to 44.9+/-2.5% and in the absence of dietary cholesterol, from 84.3+/-1.4% to 88.9+/-1.0%. Increased cholesterol absorption and increased LDL production rate may be important mechanisms for exacerbation by alcohol of hypercholesterolemia in the cholesterol-fed rabbit model.  (+info)

Lipid transfer inhibitor protein defines the participation of lipoproteins in lipid transfer reactions: CETP has no preference for cholesteryl esters in HDL versus LDL. (6/2216)

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) catalyzes the net transfer of cholesteryl ester (CE) between lipoproteins in exchange for triglyceride (heteroexchange). It is generally held that CETP primarily associates with HDL and preferentially transfers lipids from this lipoprotein fraction. This is illustrated in normal plasma where HDL is the primary donor of the CE transferred to VLDL by CETP. However, in plasma deficient in lipid transfer inhibitor protein (LTIP) activity, HDL and LDL are equivalent donors of CE to VLDL (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17:1716-1724). Thus, we have hypothesized that the preferential transfer of CE from HDL in normal plasma is a consequence of LTIP activity and not caused by a preferential CETP-HDL interaction. We have tested this hypothesis in lipid mass transfer assays with partially purified CETP and LTIP, and isolated lipoproteins. With a physiological mixture of lipoproteins, the preference ratio (PR, ratio of CE mass transferred from a lipoprotein to VLDL versus its CE content) for HDL and LDL in the presence of CETP alone was approximately 1 (ie, no preference). Fourfold variations in the LDL/HDL ratio or in the levels of HDL in the assay did not result in significant preferential transfer from any lipoprotein. On addition of LTIP, the PR for HDL was increased up to 2-fold and that for LDL decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Under all conditions where LDL and HDL levels were varied, LTIP consistently resulted in a PR >1 for CE transfer from HDL. Short-term experiments with radiolabeled lipoproteins and either partially purified or homogenous CETP confirmed these observations and further demonstrated that CETP has a strong predilection to mediate homoexchange (bidirectional transfer of the same lipid) rather than heteroexchange (CE for TG); LTIP had no effect on the selection of CE or TG by CETP or its mechanism of action. We conclude, in contrast to current opinion, that CETP has no preference for CE in HDL versus LDL, suggesting that the previously reported stable binding of CETP to HDL does not result in selective transfer from this lipoprotein. These data suggest that LTIP is responsible for the preferential transfer of CE from HDL that occurs in plasma. CETP and LTIP cooperatively determine the extent of CETP-mediated remodeling of individual lipoprotein fractions.  (+info)

Levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules in patients with angiographically defined coronary atherosclerosis. (7/2216)

Adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell membrane play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Levels of soluble forms of cell adhesion molecules are reportedly elevated in patients with peripheral artery vessel disease and in patients with an atherosclerotic aorta. The present study investigated the association of serum levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) with coronary heart disease (CHD) and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, and examined the influence of serum levels of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins (apo) in subjects with (n=52, M/F:43/9) and without (controls, n=40, M/F:25/15) angiographically proven coronary atherosclerosis. After controlling for age and gender, levels of sVCAM-1 (least squares mean +/- std error: 565+/-36 ng/ml vs 540+/-41 ng/ml, ns), sICAM-1 (261+/-17ng/ml vs 247+/-19ng/ml, ns), and sP-selectin (142+/-8ng/ml vs 149+/-10 ng/ml, ns) in patients with coronary atherosclerosis were not different from those in controls, as assessed by an analysis of covariance. After also adjusting for body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking by a multiple logistic function analysis, the association of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, and sP-selectin with CHD was still not significant. Levels of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, and sP-selectin were also not related to the extent of coronary atherosclerosis as judged by the number of stenosed vessels. However, inverse (p<0.05) relationships were observed between sVCAMs and serum levels of HDL3-cholesterol, apo A-II, and lipoprotein containing apo A-I and A-II, between sICAMs and levels of apo A-II and Lp A-I/A-II (Lp A-I/A-II), and between sP-selectin and lipoprotein containing only apo A-I. In conclusion, serum levels of soluble VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and P-selectin were not related to CHD or the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, but were inversely related to serum levels of high-density lipoprotein-related lipoproteins.  (+info)

CREB-binding protein is a transcriptional coactivator for hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 and enhances apolipoprotein gene expression. (8/2216)

Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 (HNF-4) is a liver-enriched transcription factor that is crucial in the regulation of a large number of genes involved in glucose, cholesterol, and fatty acid metabolism and in determining the hepatic phenotype. We have previously shown that HNF-4 contains transcription activation functions at the N terminus (AF-1) and the C terminus (AF-2) which work synergistically to confer full HNF-4 activity. Here, we show that HNF-4 recruits the CREB-binding protein (CBP) coactivator on promoters of genes that contain functional HNF-4 sites. HNF-4 interacts with the N-terminal region of CBP (amino acids 1-771) and the C-terminal region of CBP (amino acids 1812-2441). The two activating functions of HNF-4, AF-1 and AF-2, interact with the N terminus and the N and C terminus of CBP, respectively. In addition, we show that in contrast to the other nuclear hormone receptors the interaction between HNF-4 and CBP is ligand-independent. Recruitment of CBP by HNF-4 results in an enhancement of the transcriptional activity of the latter. CBP does not activate gene expression in the absence of HNF-4, and dominant negative forms of HNF-4 prevent transcriptional activation by CBP, suggesting that the mere recruitment of CBP by HNF-4 is not sufficient for enhancement of gene expression. These findings demonstrate that CBP acts as a transcriptional coactivator for HNF-4 and provide new insights into the regulatory function of HNF-4.  (+info)

The amphipathic helix in the exchangeable apolipoproteins : a review of secondary structure and function - Institutional...The amphipathic helix in the exchangeable apolipoproteins : a review of secondary structure and function - Institutional...
Site-directed mutagenesis and other molecular biology-based techniques are now available for probing the amphipathic alpha-helix structural motif in the exchangeable apolipoproteins. Here we survey the published literature on lipid-binding and functional domains in apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, A-IV, C-I, C-II, C-III, and E and compare these results with recently developed computer methods for analysis of the location and properties of amphipathic helixes. This comparison suggests that there are at least three distinct classes of amphipathic helixes (classes A, Y, and G*) in the exchangeable apolipoproteins whose distribution varies within and between the seven apolipoproteins. This comparison further suggests that lipid affinity resides largely in class A amphipathic helixes (Segrest, J. P., et al. 1990. Proteins. 8: 103) and that variations in structure and/or numbers of class A domains in individual apolipoproteins allow a range of lipid affinities from high to low. The positions of the four a ...
Gentaur Molecular :Alpha Dia \ Anti Human Plasma Apolipoprotein A I protein antiserum \ APOA11-SGentaur Molecular :Alpha Dia \ Anti Human Plasma Apolipoprotein A I protein antiserum \ APOA11-S
Gentaur molecular products has all kinds of products like :search , Alpha Dia \ Anti_Human Plasma Apolipoprotein A_I protein antiserum \ APOA11-S for more molecular products just contact us
Activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma results in an atheroprotective apolipoprotein profile in HepG2...Activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma results in an atheroprotective apolipoprotein profile in HepG2...
Background: Insulin resistance is linked to dyslipidemia, characterized by a decrease in high density lipo-proteins and an increase in low density lipoproteins. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are insulin-sensitizing agents used to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Recently, the safety of certain TZD regimens has been questioned because of associated adverse effects on the plasma lipid profile. We examined the effect of a TZD, Ciglitazone, on apolipoprotein synthesis and secretion in human liver HepG2 cells. Methods and Results: The effect of Ciglitazone treatment on apolipoprotein synthesis was addressed at the level of transcription, translation and secretion. RT-PCR showed that Ciglitazone increased the transcription of apoE and apoAI but reduced the levels of apoCI and apoB mRNA. Western blot analysis showed an increase in apoAI and apoE secreted in the cell culture media, whereas the amounts of apoB100 and apoCI were reduced. To confirm that Ciglitazone regulates apolipoprotein
Apolipoproteins - LabCE.com, Laboratory Continuing EducationApolipoproteins - LabCE.com, Laboratory Continuing Education
Apolipoproteins have multiple roles. One role is to increase the overall solubility of the lipid particle, helping it to dissolve in the aqueous environment of the blood (apolipoproteins are amphipathic, or detergent-like proteins). Apolipoproteins can also function as enzyme co-factors (receptor ligands), facilitating the transfer of their lipid cargo to specific cells. Thus, the apoliproteins are the "smart" or working-end of the lipoprotein particle. The apolipoproteins dictate where the particles will dock and where they can bind, and in so doing the apolipoproteins regulate lipid metabolism in the body. So although the particles are composed of phospholipids and have lipid cargo, the few proteins on their surface are what give them their collective name of lipoproteins ...
Apolipoprotein L 5抗体|Abcam中国|Anti-Apolipoprotein L 5抗体Apolipoprotein L 5抗体|Abcam中国|Anti-Apolipoprotein L 5抗体
Apolipoprotein L 5山羊多克隆抗体(ab79281)可与人样本反应并经WB, ELISA实验严格验证。所有产品均提供质保服务，中国75%以上现货。
Turnover of synthetic class A amphipathic peptide analogues of exchangeable apolipoproteins in rats. Correlation with physical...Turnover of synthetic class A amphipathic peptide analogues of exchangeable apolipoproteins in rats. Correlation with physical...
Peptide analogues of the class A amphipathic helixes from exchangeable apolipoproteins mimic apolipoprotein (apo) A-I in a number of ways, including the ability to activate the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, to associate with high density lipoproteins (HDLs), and to form HDL-like particles in the presence of lipids. This study investigated the metabolic properties of several of these peptide analogues in the rat. Peptide analogues studied were 18A (referred to as L-18A to differentiate it from D-18A, and which mimics apolipoprotein amphipathic helical domains in its charge distribution), 37pA (a dimer of two 18A monomers separated by a proline), 18R (with reversed charge distribution compared with 18A), and D-18A (identical in amino acid sequence to 18A but synthesized from D-amino acids). Peptides were radiolabeled with 125I. In addition, metabolism of rat and human 125I-apo A-I and human 14C-apo A-I was studied; no significant differences in clearance of these preparations were ...
Apolipoprotein F抗体|Abcam中国|Anti-Apolipoprotein F抗体(ab81908)Apolipoprotein F抗体|Abcam中国|Anti-Apolipoprotein F抗体(ab81908)
Apolipoprotein F山羊多克隆抗体(ab81908)可与人样本反应并经WB, ELISA, ICC实验严格验证。所有产品均提供质保服务，中国75%以上现货。
Apolipoproteins A Summary Report | CureHunterApolipoproteins A Summary Report | CureHunter
Apolipoproteins A: Structural proteins of the alpha-lipoproteins (HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS), including APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I and APOLIPOPROTEIN A-II. They can modulate the activity of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE. These apolipoproteins are low in atherosclerotic patients. They are either absent or present in extremely low plasma concentration in TANGIER DISEASE.
Absolute Quantification of Plasma Apolipoproteins for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction | SpringerLinkAbsolute Quantification of Plasma Apolipoproteins for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction | SpringerLink
Apolipoproteins have important structural and functional roles in several lipoprotein particles. Apolipoproteins regulate lipid metabolism, adipose tissue, and energy production and serve major...
Purification of biologically active apolipoproteins by chromatofocussing<...Purification of biologically active apolipoproteins by chromatofocussing<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Purification of biologically active apolipoproteins by chromatofocussing. AU - McLeod, Roger. AU - Lacko, Andras G.. AU - Pritchard, P. Haydn. AU - Frohlich, Jiri. PY - 1986/1/1. Y1 - 1986/1/1. N2 - Chromatofocussing has been used to isolate homogeneous apolipoproteins (apo) from human very-low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins with protein recovery of 70%. The inclusion of sulfhydryl-reducing agent (dithiothreitol) was required during solubilization of the lipoproteins (following delipidation) to achieve reproducible elution profiles. Removal of polyvalent buffers from apoproteins was rapidly accomplished on small columns of hydroxylapatite. The biological activity of purified apo AI and apo CII was confirmed by assessment of their ability to activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase or lipoprotein lipase, respectively. Functional properties of isolated apo E were assessed by in vitro interaction with the low-density lipoprotein receptor expressed by ...
Increased Apolipoprotein Deposits in Early Atherosclerotic Lesions Distinguish Symptomatic From Asymptomatic Patients |...Increased Apolipoprotein Deposits in Early Atherosclerotic Lesions Distinguish Symptomatic From Asymptomatic Patients |...
In this tissue microarray analysis of arterial apolipoprotein deposits, we found that vulnerable patients, that is, patients who experienced symptomatic atherosclerosis during their lifetime, have increased apoE and apoB deposits at the earliest lesional stages, that is, during intimal thickening or even in microscopically healthy arteries. The histomorphological pattern of apolipoprotein distribution in the arterial wall was nearly identical for apoE and apoB. As an unexpected finding, patients with diabetes mellitus had minimal intimal apolipoprotein deposits in early atherosclerosis as detected by immunohistochemistry.. The net amount of apolipoproteins in the arterial wall is the sum of delivery or influx, local synthesis or retention, and degradation or efflux. Our finding that apolipoproteins first accumulate in the arterial intima, that media deposits are found only when extensive intimal deposits are present, and that apolipoproteins are virtually absent from the adventitia supports the ...
JLR] Good Cholesterol, Good LungsJLR] Good Cholesterol, Good Lungs
High-density lipoprotein is predominantly composed of the apolipoproteins apoAI and apoAII. These apolipoproteins are responsible for collecting lipids from arteries and transporting them back to the liver for reutilization, which provides protection against cardiovascular diseases. While many studies examine the cardiovascular effects of HDL and its apolipoproteins, few have looked at whether these molecules maintain the health of other bodily systems and organs. In this study, the authors show that apoA1 maintains pulmonary function in mice. Along with inhibiting stressors such as proinflammatory HDL formation and the activity of paranoxonase 1 (PON1) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) in the plasma, apoA1 was shown to limit pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress markers, such as 3NT, 4-hydroxynonenal adducts (4-HNE), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), xanthineoxidase, myeloperoxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the lung milieu. Additionally, apoA1 was shown to enhance arterial ...
APOL6 Gene - GeneCards | APOL6 Protein | APOL6 AntibodyAPOL6 Gene - GeneCards | APOL6 Protein | APOL6 Antibody
Complete information for APOL6 gene (Protein Coding), Apolipoprotein L6, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
Non-Mammalian Host Systems for the Expression of Mammalian Apolipoproteins | Springer for Research & DevelopmentNon-Mammalian Host Systems for the Expression of Mammalian Apolipoproteins | Springer for Research & Development
Recombinant mammalian apolipoproteins have been expressed in a variety of cultured mammalian cell lines (Reardon et al. 1986; Mallory et al. 1987; Blackhart et al. 1990; Yao et al. 1991), transgenic...
KAKEN - Research Projects | Physicochemical mechanism on formation and metabolism of HDL particles by apolipoproteins (KAKENHI...KAKEN - Research Projects | Physicochemical mechanism on formation and metabolism of HDL particles by apolipoproteins (KAKENHI...
Principal Investigator：Saito Hiroyuki, Project Period (FY)：2013-04-01 - 2017-03-31, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Section：一般, Research Field：Physical pharmacy
Rosiglitazone Enhances Apolipoprotein M (Apom) Expression in Rats Liver [Abstract]Rosiglitazone Enhances Apolipoprotein M (Apom) Expression in Rat's Liver [Abstract]
Abstract. Apolipoprotein M (APOM) has been suggested as a vasculoprotective constituent of high density lipoprotein (HDL), which plays a crucial role behind the mechanism of HDL-mediated anti-atherosclerosis. Previous studies demonstrated that insulin resistance could associate with decreased APOM expressions. In agreement with our previous reports, here, we further confirmed that the insulin sensitivity was also reduced in rats treated with high concentrations of glucose; such effect could be reversed by administration of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). The present study shows that Apom expression is significantly affected by either rosiglitazone or hyperglycemia alone without cross interaction with each other, which indicates that the pathway of Apom expression regulating by hyperglycemia might be differed from that by rosiglitazone. Further study indicated that hyperglycemia could significantly inhibit mRNA levels of Lxrb (P=0.0002), small heterodimer ...
Alzheimers amyloid β interaction with normal human plasma high density lipoprotein: Association with apolipoprotein and lipidsAlzheimer's amyloid β interaction with normal human plasma high density lipoprotein: Association with apolipoprotein and lipids
Article: We report studies of the interaction of Alzheimers amyloid beta protein (Aβ) with normal human plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL), aiming to clarify to which lipoprotein (LP) structural constituent (apolipoprotein or lipid) soluble Aβ is primarily bound. Purified HDLs were incubated wit...
Apolipoprotein M promotes mobilization of cellular cholesterol in vivo - Danish National Research Database-Den Danske...Apolipoprotein M promotes mobilization of cellular cholesterol in vivo - Danish National Research Database-Den Danske...
The HDL associated apolipoprotein M (apoM) protects against experimental atherosclerosis but the mechanism is unknown. ApoM increases prebeta-HDL formation. We explored whether plasma apoM affects mobilization of cholesterol from peripheral cells in mice ...
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Signal Peptide Circulates in Human Blood | CirculationB-Type Natriuretic Peptide Signal Peptide Circulates in Human Blood | Circulation
Our results are the first demonstration of a defined signal sequence as a distinct, separate entity within the circulation in humans. Whereas Christofferson et al18 reported that the SP of apolipoprotein M is retained along with the entire apolipoprotein M protein in the circulation of humans and that this uncleaved SP helps prevent renal filtration of apolipoprotein M through hydrophobic association with circulating lipoproteins, they did not detect the apolipoprotein M SP as a distinct, separate entity. We found no evidence on immunoassay or HPLC for the SP fragment BNPsp (17-26) in human plasma to be associated with proBNP (1-108), ie, as a component of preproBNP (1-134). Nevertheless, we cannot exclude the existence of such an association because our BNPsp (17-26) assay is designed to detect free carboxyl terminal residues in position 26 of the SP, which requires cleavage of proBNP (1-108). Future work with assays directed toward the amino terminal region of preproBNP (1-134) is needed to ...
Production and purification of recombinant mouse apolipoprotein F :: University of Southern California Dissertations and ThesesProduction and purification of recombinant mouse apolipoprotein F :: University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses
Apolipoprotein F (apoF) is a 35 kDa protein encoded by a cDNA cloned from the murine lacrimal gland. In the present paper, the murine apoF has been expressed as a recombinant histidine-tagged protein in Escherichia coli and purified from expressing cultures. We report here the unique distinctions of apoF including comparisons of apoF with other apolipoproteins (apoD, apoE, and apoN), as well as why this protein was produced. The data presented here provide evidence that isolated recombinant apoF purified in the experimental conditions described here can be used for functional studies ...
Low-resolution epitope characterisation in a family of seed apolipoproteins using polyclonal antibodies - WestminsterResearchLow-resolution epitope characterisation in a family of seed apolipoproteins using polyclonal antibodies - WestminsterResearch
Polyclonal antibodies raised against a range of seed apolipoproteins from the family Cruciferae have been used for the first time for low resolution epitope characterisation. Antibodies were raised against the major seed apolipoproteins of Brassica napus, Sinapis alba and Raphanus sativum. In each case, the antibodies recognized, in addition to the 19-20 kDa apolipoprotein to which they were raised, similar 19-20 kDa apolipoproteins from a wide range of species in the family Cruciferae, but not in other plant families. Homologous or heterologous two-sites (sandwich) assays were performed with the format [antibody A - test apolipoprotein - antibody B - 2° antibody]. The results showed a drastically reduced antibody B binding by apolipoproteins preincubated with an antibody A. This indicated the presence of a single major epitope on many of the apolipoproteins. The antigenicity of native and denatured apolipoproteins was similar, although the antigenicity of the former was much more readily ...
Gender and ethnic differences in a case-control study of dyslipidemia: using the apolipoprotein A-V gene as an exemplar in...Gender and ethnic differences in a case-control study of dyslipidemia: using the apolipoprotein A-V gene as an exemplar in...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Gender and ethnic differences in a case-control study of dyslipidemia. T2 - using the apolipoprotein A-V gene as an exemplar in cardiovascular genetics.. AU - Wung, Shu Fen. AU - Aouizerat, Bradley. PY - 2003. Y1 - 2003. N2 - Common, complex genetic disorders such as coronary heart disease (CHD) frequently show large population differences, contributing to health disparities. It is also well known that CHD risk factor profiles and the frequency of coronary events differ by gender. Study of premature CHD has revealed that apolipoproteins are important discriminating factors for distinguishing individuals with CHD. Recent findings indicated that apolipoprotein A-V (APOA-V) gene promoter polymorphisms are an important determinant of plasma triglycerides (TG) and lipoprotein cholesterol, and a risk factor for CHD. Variations in APOA-V may have varying impacts in different ethnic groups. The purpose of this interdisciplinary genetic research project was to determine (1) the ...
Apolipoprotein M/ApoM Antibody (8F12C6B8) [Alexa Fluor® 488] (NB110-60526AF488): Novus BiologicalsApolipoprotein M/ApoM Antibody (8F12C6B8) [Alexa Fluor® 488] (NB110-60526AF488): Novus Biologicals
Mouse Monoclonal Anti-Apolipoprotein M/ApoM Antibody (8F12C6B8) [Alexa Fluor® 488]. Validated: WB, ELISA, ICC/IF. Tested Reactivity: Human. 100% Guaranteed.
Produktübersicht anti-Apolipoprotein M AntikörperProduktübersicht anti-Apolipoprotein M Antikörper
Monoklonale und polyklonale Apolipoprotein M Antikörper für viele Methoden. Ausgesuchte Qualitäts-Hersteller für Apolipoprotein M Antikörper. Hier bestellen.
Apolipoprotein - WikipediaApolipoprotein - Wikipedia
Apolipoproteins are proteins that bind lipids (oil-soluble substances such as fat and cholesterol) to form lipoproteins. They transport the lipids through the lymphatic and circulatory systems. The lipid components of lipoproteins are insoluble in water. However, because of their detergent-like (amphipathic) properties, apolipoproteins and other amphipathic molecules (such as phospholipids) can surround the lipids, creating the lipoprotein particle that is itself water-soluble, and can thus be carried through water-based circulation (i.e., blood, lymph). Apolipoproteins also serve as enzyme cofactors, receptor ligands, and lipid transfer carriers that regulate the metabolism of lipoproteins and their uptake in tissues. In lipid transport, apolipoproteins function as structural components of lipoprotein particles, cofactors for enzymes and ligands for cell-surface receptors. In particular, apoA1 is the major protein component of high-density lipoproteins; apoA4 is thought to act primarily in ...
Correlations between Apolipoprotein D (APOD) and DESCorrelations between Apolipoprotein D (APOD) and DES
DES regulates expression of avian apolipoprotein D during regression and recrudescence of the oviduct and epithelial-derived ovarian carcinogenesis.
APOM Gene - GeneCards | APOM Protein | APOM AntibodyAPOM Gene - GeneCards | APOM Protein | APOM Antibody
Complete information for APOM gene (Protein Coding), Apolipoprotein M, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
Apolipoprotein localization in human cranial arteries, coronary arteries, and the aorta. | StrokeApolipoprotein localization in human cranial arteries, coronary arteries, and the aorta. | Stroke
Apolipoproteins from human plasma high density (HDL), low density (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were visualized in human arteries employing immunofluorescence techniques. Comparison between the localization patterns in extracranial and intracranial arteries and those in coronary arteries and the aorta was made. ApoA-I from HDL, apoB from LDL, and apoC-III from VLDL, as well as neutral lipid, were all localized to connective tissue and extracellular lipid pools in atherosclerotic lesions, and only to areas of intimal thickening in grossly "uninvolved" arteries. The degree of superposition of localizations was similiar in each vascular bed, and within the error resulting from the structural changes due to the focal nature of the atherosclerotic process. These results suggest a broad specificity in localization of apolipoproteins in most arterial lesions, and suggest that no differences in apolipoprotein accumulation exist between extracranial and intracranial arteries, coronary ...
General antibody news | AntibodyChainGeneral antibody news | AntibodyChain
Humans resist infection by the African parasite Trypanosoma brucei owing to the trypanolytic activity of the serum apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1). Following uptake by endocytosis in the parasite, APOL1 forms pores in endolysosomal membranes and triggers lysosome swelling. Here we show that APOL1 induces both lysosomal and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (LMP and MMP). Trypanolysis coincides with MMP and consecutive release of the mitochondrial TbEndoG endonuclease to the nucleus. APOL1 is associated with the kinesin TbKIFC1, of which both the motor and vesicular trafficking VHS domains are required for MMP, but not for LMP. The presence of APOL1 in the mitochondrion is accompanied by mitochondrial membrane fenestration, which can be mimicked by knockdown of a mitochondrial mitofusin-like protein (TbMFNL). The BH3-like peptide of APOL1 is required for LMP, MMP and trypanolysis. Thus, trypanolysis by APOL1 is linked to apoptosis-like MMP occurring together with TbKIFC1-mediated transport of ...
Apolipoprotein AV: Low concentration, high impact :: TNO RepositoryApolipoprotein AV: Low concentration, high impact :: TNO Repository
Chemicals / CAS: lipoprotein lipase, 83137-80-8, 9004-02-8; APOA5 protein, human; Apolipoproteins A; Apolipoproteins; Triglycerides ...
Most recent papers with the keyword APOL1 associated nephropathy | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword APOL1 associated nephropathy | Read by QxMD
Common DNA sequence variants rarely have a high-risk association with a common disease. When such associations do occur, evolutionary forces must be sought, such as in the association of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene risk variants with nondiabetic kidney diseases in populations of African ancestry. The variants originated in West Africa and provided pathogenic resistance in the heterozygous state that led to high allele frequencies owing to an adaptive evolutionary selective sweep. However, the homozygous state is disadvantageous and is associated with a markedly increased risk of a spectrum of kidney diseases encompassing hypertension-attributed kidney disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, human immunodeficiency virus nephropathy, sickle cell nephropathy, and progressive lupus nephritis ...
Apolipoproteins | ProSpecApolipoproteins | ProSpec
ProSpecs Apolipoproteins include: Clusterin Human Recombinant, Clusterin Rat Recombinant, Apolipoprotein-D Human Recombinant, Human Apolipoprotein-J, Apolipoprotein-J Canine Recombinant
Research Festival | Intramural Research Program | National Institutes of HealthResearch Festival | Intramural Research Program | National Institutes of Health
Apolipoproteins are proteins which bind to lipids, forming lipoprotein complexes to encapsulate cholesterol and triglycerides. Structure and transport of lipoproteins are regulated by the binding of specific apolipoproteins where they serve as receptors and ligands. Apolipoprotein C-3 (ApoC3) inhibits hydrolysis of lipids by lipase. Elevated levels of ApoC3 are associated with hypertriglyceridemia and an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Despite its importance in lipid metabolism, fundamental lipid binding properties of ApoC3 remain to be characterized. Using unilamellar vesicles with varied lipid composition and curvature, we apply single-liposome microscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to determine membrane binding affinity, secondary structure formation, and membrane integrity, respectively. back to top. ...
Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.comLipoproteins and Apolipoproteins Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com
Trying to learn ? We can help! Memorize these flashcards or create your own flashcards with Cram.com. Learn a new language today.
GENETIC-VARIATION AT THE APOLIPOPROTEIN GENE LOCI CONTRIBUTE TO RESPONSE OF PLASMA-LIPIDS TO DIETARY CHANGE - UCL DiscoveryGENETIC-VARIATION AT THE APOLIPOPROTEIN GENE LOCI CONTRIBUTE TO RESPONSE OF PLASMA-LIPIDS TO DIETARY CHANGE - UCL Discovery
UCL Discovery is UCLs open access repository, showcasing and providing access to UCL research outputs from all UCL disciplines.
Tissue expression of APOO - Staining in cervix, uterine - The Human Protein AtlasTissue expression of APOO - Staining in cervix, uterine - The Human Protein Atlas
Expression of APOO (FAM121B, MGC4825, Mic23, MIC26, My025) in cervix, uterine tissue. Antibody staining with HPA003187 in immunohistochemistry.
Apolipoprotein m (APOM) levels and APOM rs805297 G/T polymorphism are associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis. -...Apolipoprotein m (APOM) levels and APOM rs805297 G/T polymorphism are associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis. -...
OBJECTIVE To examine whether the apolipoprotein M (APOM) rs805297 G/T polymorphism is associated with risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Chinese population. METHODS We studied APOM rs805297 G/T gene polymorphism in 520 RA patients, and 520 controls in a Chinese population. Genotyping was done by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The blood plasma concentration of APOM was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 84 RA patients and 84 controls. RESULTS When the APOM rs805297 G/T GG homozygote genotype was used as the reference group, the TT or GT/TT genotype was associated with an increased risk for RA (TT vs. GG, adjusted odds ratio 1.76, 95% CI 1.11-2.77, P=0.016; GT + TT vs. GG, adjusted odds ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.02-1.67, P=0.037). The average concentration of APOM in plasma was significantly higher in RA patients compared to controls. Stratification analysis found a significantly increased risk for RA associated with the APOM rs805297 TT
anti-Apolipoprotein M antibody [3H3] | GeneTexanti-Apolipoprotein M antibody [3H3] | GeneTex
Apolipoprotein M antibody [3H3] (apolipoprotein M) for IHC-P, WB. Anti-Apolipoprotein M mAb (GTX84882) is tested in Human samples. 100% Ab-Assurance.
RGD1309808 (similar to apolipoprotein L2; apolipoprotein L-II) - Chinchilla Research Resource DatabaseRGD1309808 (similar to apolipoprotein L2; apolipoprotein L-II) - Chinchilla Research Resource Database
INVOLVED IN lipid transport (inferred); lipoprotein metabolic process (inferred); FOUND IN extracellular region (inferred); INTERACTS WITH 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine; 6-propyl-2-thiouracil; buspirone
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for apolipoproteins A-I and bin urine of patients with nephrotic syndromeEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for apolipoproteins A-I and bin urine of patients with nephrotic syndrome
Abstract: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used formeasuring apolipoproteins A-I and B in the urine. ApoB is absentin urine of healthy subjects, and apoA-I is determined in tracequantity. In patients with chronic glomerulonephritis quantity ofapoA-I in urine was 117 times as much as in control group. ApoBis present in urine of patients in considerable quantity(1528*315 *g/l).) The ELISA method for determining apoA-I andapoB in urine makes it possible to evaluate the gravity ofpathological process in kidney ...
PLOS ONE: Evaluating Molecular Mechanical Potentials for Helical Peptides and ProteinsPLOS ONE: Evaluating Molecular Mechanical Potentials for Helical Peptides and Proteins
Multiple variants of the AMBER all-atom force field were quantitatively evaluated with respect to their ability to accurately characterize helix-coil equilibria in explicit solvent simulations. Using a global distributed computing network, absolute conformational convergence was achieved for large ensembles of the capped A21 and Fs helical peptides. Further assessment of these AMBER variants was conducted via simulations of a flexible 164-residue five-helix-bundle protein, apolipophorin-III, on the 100 ns timescale. Of the contemporary potentials that had not been assessed previously, the AMBER-99SB force field showed significant helix-destabilizing tendencies, with beta bridge formation occurring in helical peptides, and unfolding of apolipophorin-III occurring on the tens of nanoseconds timescale. The AMBER-03 force field, while showing adequate helical propensities for both peptides and stabilizing apolipophorin-III, (i) predicts an unexpected decrease in helicity with ALA→ARG+ substitution, (ii)
Human ApoB-100 ELISA | ApoB-100 ELISA | ApoB-100 AssayHuman ApoB-100 ELISA | ApoB-100 ELISA | ApoB-100 Assay
Apolipoproteins are carrier proteins that bind lipids to form water-soluble lipoprotein particles that can be carried through blood and lymph. Several different classes and subclasses of apolipoproteins are known. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is the primary apolipoprotein in chylomicrons (lipoprotein particles that contain triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). It is also known as FLDB and LDLCQ4. High levels of ApoB can lead to plaques that cause atherosclerosis, and ApoB levels can be a better indicator of heart disease risk than total cholesterol or LDL. The APOB transcript is subject to tissue-specific RNA editing, resulting in two major isoforms, ApoB-100 and ApoB-48.. ...
Human ApoB-100 ELISA | ApoB-100 ELISA | ApoB-100 AssayHuman ApoB-100 ELISA | ApoB-100 ELISA | ApoB-100 Assay
Apolipoproteins are carrier proteins that bind lipids to form water-soluble lipoprotein particles that can be carried through blood and lymph. Several different classes and subclasses of apolipoproteins are known. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is the primary apolipoprotein in chylomicrons (lipoprotein particles that contain triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). It is also known as FLDB and LDLCQ4. High levels of ApoB can lead to plaques that cause atherosclerosis, and ApoB levels can be a better indicator of heart disease risk than total cholesterol or LDL. The APOB transcript is subject to tissue-specific RNA editing, resulting in two major isoforms, ApoB-100 and ApoB-48.. ...
Abstract 004: Independent Effects of 1.5 Ounces/Day Almonds on Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Apolipoproteins in Mildly...Abstract 004: Independent Effects of 1.5 Ounces/Day Almonds on Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Apolipoproteins in Mildly...
Introduction: Almonds have been studied in the context of blood cholesterol-lowering diets, which consistently show beneficial effects on CVD risk factors. The independent effects of almonds beyond the contributions of a heart healthy diet have not been evaluated.. Hypothesis: A cholesterol-lowering diet with 1.5 oz. /d almonds will elicit greater cardioprotective effects on lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins than the same cholesterol-lowering diet with an isocaloric muffin substitution.. Methods: A randomized, 2-period, crossover, controlled feeding study was designed to test the effects of 1.5 oz. /d almonds compared to a calorie-matched, high carbohydrate snack. All foods provided were exactly the same in both diets except for the snack (almonds or muffin; 245 kcal/d). Thus, differences in the nutrient profiles of the control diet (59.3% CHO, 15.4% PRO, 25.2% FAT, no almonds/d) and almond diet (51.8% CHO, 16.7% PRO, 31.5% FAT, 1.5 oz. of almonds/d) were due to the nutrient profile ...
OriGene - APOL4 (NM 030643) Human ORF cDNA CloneOriGene - APOL4 (NM 030643) Human ORF cDNA Clone
APOL4 - APOL4 (GFP-tagged) - Human apolipoprotein L, 4 (APOL4), transcript variant a available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.
Pesquisa | Portal Regional da BVSPesquisa | Portal Regional da BVS
BACKGROUND: Approximately 13% of black individuals carry 2 copies of the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) risk alleles G1 or G2, which are associated with 1.5- to 2.5-fold increased risk of chronic kidney disease. There have been conflicting reports as to whether an association exists between APOL1 risk alleles and cardiovascular disease (CVD) that is independent of the effects of APOL1 on kidney disease. We sought to test the association of APOL1 G1/G2 alleles with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and stroke among black individuals in the Million Veteran Program. METHODS: We performed a time-to-event analysis of retrospective electronic health record data using Cox proportional hazard and competing-risks Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard models. The primary exposure was APOL1 risk allele status. The primary outcome was incident coronary artery disease among individuals without chronic kidney disease during the 12.5-year follow-up period. We separately analyzed the cross-sectional ...
ActoFactor™ Recombinant Human Apolipoprotein A-I | Creative BioarrayActoFactor™ Recombinant Human Apolipoprotein A-I | Creative Bioarray
Apo-A1 is a 29.0 kDa protein produced in the liver and intestine, and secreted as the predominant constituent of nascent high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle. Apo-A1, which is found exclusively in HDL, has a unique ability to capture and solubilize free cholesterol. This Apo- 1 ability enables HDL to remove excess peripheral cholesterol and return it to the liver for recycling and excretion. This process, called reverse cholesterol transport, is though to inhibit atherogenesis. For this reason HDL is also known as the "good cholesterol." The therapeutic potential of Apo-A1 has been recently assessed in patients with acute coronary syndromes, using a recombinant form of a naturally occurring variant of Apo-A1 (called Apo-A1 Milano). The availability of recombinant normal Apo-A1 should facilitate further investigation into the potential usefulness of apoA-I in preventing atherosclerotic vascular diseases. Recombinant human Apo-A1 is a 28.2 kDa protein of 244 amino acid residues ...
Apolipoprotein H (beta-2-glycoprotein I) polymorphism in Asians. | ScholarBank@NUSApolipoprotein H (beta-2-glycoprotein I) polymorphism in Asians. | [email protected]
Saha, N.,Kamboh, M.I.,Kelly, L.J.,Ferrell, R.E.,Tay, J.S. (1992). Apolipoprotein H (beta-2-glycoprotein I) polymorphism in Asians.. Human Biology 64 (4) : 617-621. [email protected] Repository ...
Abacavir sulfate | Melatonin membrane receptors in peripheral tissuesAbacavir sulfate | Melatonin membrane receptors in peripheral tissues
Trypanolytic variants where encodes apolipoprotein L1, associate with kidney disease in African Us citizens, but whether genotypes for 271 BLACK cases, 168 Western european American cases, and 939 control content. untreated HIV-infected people have a 50% risk for developing HIVAN. The result of holding two risk alleles points out 18% of FSGS and 35% of HIVAN; additionally, eliminating this impact would decrease FSGS and HIVAN by 67%. A study of globe populations indicated the fact that kidney risk alleles can be found just on African chromosomes. In conclusion, African Us citizens holding two risk alleles possess a elevated risk Abacavir sulfate for glomerular disease significantly, and includes a make use of in scientific practice. African Us citizens have got a fourfold elevated risk for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) due to the three leading factors behind chronic kidney disease (CKD): diabetic nephropathy, hypertension-attributed CKD, and glomerulonephritis.1C3 Two admixture mapping ...
Most recent papers with the keyword Collapsing glomerulopathy | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword Collapsing glomerulopathy | Read by QxMD
Collapsing glomerulopathy (CGP) is a pattern of kidney injury seen on renal biopsy with multiple associations and etiologies. It is most commonly described in African-Americans and others with recent African ancestry. The disease is rapidly progressive and often presents with abrupt onset of renal failure and nephrotic-range proteinuria. Since its description 30 years ago, this entity has transformed from a morphologic diagnosis typically seen in the setting of HIV infection to a complicated diagnosis with numerous etiologies, many of which are associated with underlying apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1)-risk variants or other genetic disorders ...
Apolipoprotein HApolipoprotein H
Das APOH Gen kodiert das Apolipoprotein H, welches die Brücke zwischen Lipidstoffwechsel, Koagulation und Infektabwehr schlägt. Es wurde gefunden, dass einige SNPs eine Bedeutung für die Plasmakonzentration besitzen. Damit könnten sie auch einen Effekt auf die prothombotische Wirkung insbesondere bei Patienten mit Phospholipid-Antikörpern besitzen.. ...
ivd-test-reagent-kits-immunoassay-lipoprotein-apolipoprotein-bivd-test-reagent-kits-immunoassay-lipoprotein-apolipoprotein-b
Definition : Immunoassay reagents intended to perform qualitative and/or quantitative analyses on a body fluid sample (typically serum) to determine apolipoprotein B, the major protein in low-density lipids (LDLs) and present in large amounts (approximately 4%) in both very-low-density lipids (VLDLs) and chylomicrons. Apolipoprotein B is found in at least two forms: B-100 (Apo B-100) synthesized in the liver, and B-48 (Apo B-48), probably synthesized in the intestines. Levels of apolipoproteins in plasma are associated with the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery diseases.. Entry Terms : "Apolipoprotein B Determination Reagents" , "Reagents, Immunoassay, Lipoprotein, Apolipoprotein B". UMDC code : 19817 ...
Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in pregnant non-diabetic patients. | Journal of Clinical PathologySerum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in pregnant non-diabetic patients. | Journal of Clinical Pathology
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Tissue expression of APOO - Staining in oral mucosa - The Human Protein AtlasTissue expression of APOO - Staining in oral mucosa - The Human Protein Atlas
Expression of APOO (FAM121B, MGC4825, Mic23, MIC26, My025) in oral mucosa tissue. Antibody staining with HPA003187 in immunohistochemistry.
APO D30 Pill Images (Blue & White / Capsule-shape)APO D30 Pill Images (Blue & White / Capsule-shape)
Pill with imprint APO D30 is Blue & White, Capsule-shape and has been identified as Duloxetine Hydrochloride Delayed-Release 30 mg. It is supplied by Apotex Corp..
Indian Heart JournalIndian Heart Journal
Apolipoproteins AI/B/E gene polymorphism and their plasma levels in patients with coronary artery disease in a tertiary care-center of Eastern India ...
Notes from Dr. RW: November 2010Notes from Dr. RW: November 2010
significant risk factors for all stroke were: history of hypertension (OR 2·64, 99% CI 2·26-3·08; PAR 34·6%, 99% CI 30·4-39·1); current smoking (2·09, 1·75-2·51; 18·9%, 15·3-23·1); waist-to-hip ratio (1·65, 1·36-1·99 for highest vs lowest tertile; 26·5%, 18·8-36·0); diet risk score (1·35, 1·11-1·64 for highest vs lowest tertile; 18·8%, 11·2-29·7); regular physical activity (0·69, 0·53-0·90; 28·5%, 14·5-48·5); diabetes mellitus (1·36, 1·10-1·68; 5·0%, 2·6-9·5); alcohol intake (1·51, 1·18-1·92 for more than 30 drinks per month or binge drinking; 3·8%, 0·9-14·4); psychosocial stress (1·30, 1·06-1·60; 4·6%, 2·1-9·6) and depression (1·35, 1·10-1·66; 5·2%, 2·7-9·8); cardiac causes (2·38, 1·77-3·20; 6·7%, 4·8-9·1); and ratio of apolipoproteins B to A1 (1·89, 1·49-2·40 for highest vs lowest tertile; 24·9%, 15·7-37·1). Collectively, these risk factors accounted for 88·1% (99% CI 82·3-92·2) of the PAR for all stroke. When an alternate ...
The Long Saga of Apo-A1 Milano | In the PipelineThe Long Saga of Apo-A1 Milano | In the Pipeline
Its been six years since I titled a post Remember Apo-A1 Milano? If you go back even further, I wrote about the topic on this blog back in 2003 (!); scroll
Doxycycline and ceptDoxycycline and cept
Mar 7, 2005. rich lipoproteins secreted from doxycycline-treated cells was larger. cept that these two key apolipoproteins may interact within the
APOF Tattooable Synthetic Guinea PigAPOF Tattooable Synthetic Guinea Pig
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Progesterone in human serum (high)- CAS Number 57-83-0Progesterone in human serum (high)- CAS Number 57-83-0
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Полиморфизм гена Apo E у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом и когнитивными расстройствами | Зуева | Артериальная гипертензияПолиморфизм гена Apo E у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом и когнитивными расстройствами | Зуева | Артериальная гипертензия
Полиморфизм гена Apo E у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом и когнитивными расстройствами
Apolipoprotein D - WikipediaApolipoprotein D - Wikipedia
Apolipoprotein D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOD gene. Unlike other lipoproteins, which are mainly produced in the liver, apolipoprotein D is mainly produced in the brain and testes. Apolipoprotein D (Apo-D) is a component of high-density lipoprotein that has no marked similarity to other apolipoprotein sequences. It has a high degree of homology to plasma retinol-binding protein and other members of the alpha 2 microglobulin protein superfamily of carrier proteins, also known as lipocalins. It is a glycoprotein of estimated molecular weight 33 KDa. Apo-D is closely associated with the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase - an enzyme involved in lipoprotein metabolism. ApoD has also been shown to be an important link in the transient interaction between HDL and LDL particles and between HDL particles and cells. APOD is a biomarker of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). APOD is an androgen up-regulated gene in normal scrotal fibroblast cells in comparison to CAIS ...
Inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity by high density lipoprotein & apolipoproteins C, E & A in rhesus monkeys. - Semantic...Inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity by high density lipoprotein & apolipoproteins C, E & A in rhesus monkeys. - Semantic...
Experiments were conducted to study the effects of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoproteins C, E, and A on lipoprotein lipase activity in rhesus monkeys. The lipoprotein lipase activity was inhibited up to 32 +/- 6 per cent by monkey HDL. This inhibition was considerably decreased (2 +/- 0.02%) by using apolipoprotein-poor HDL. Apolipoproteins C and E inhibited the hydrolysis of activated intralipid by monkey lipoprotein lipase to a maximum of 83 +/- 7 and 57 +/- 5 per cent respectively. Apolipoprotein A produced little inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity. The results of these studies demonstrate that HDL and apolipoproteins compete with the substrate for the binding to lipoprotein lipase in rhesus monkeys.
Modulation of Apolipoprotein D levels in human pregnancy and association with gestational weight gain | Reproductive Biology...Modulation of Apolipoprotein D levels in human pregnancy and association with gestational weight gain | Reproductive Biology...
Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is a lipocalin involved in several processes including lipid transport, but its modulation during human pregnancy was never examined. We investigated the changes in the levels of ApoD in the plasma of pregnant women at the two first trimesters of gestation and at delivery as well as in the placenta and in venous cord blood. These changes were studied in 151 women classified into 9 groups in relation to their prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG). Plasma ApoD levels decrease significantly during normal uncomplicated pregnancy. ApoD is further decreased in women with excessive GWG and their newborns. In these women, the ApoD concentration was tightly associated with the lipid parameters. However, the similar ApoD levels in low cholesterol (LC) and high cholesterol (HC) women suggest that the plasma ApoD variation is not cholesterol dependant. A tight regulation of both placental ApoD transcription and protein content is most probably at the basis of
Get PDF - Effects of fenofibrate on lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in 33 subjects with primary hypercholesterolemiaGet PDF - Effects of fenofibrate on lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in 33 subjects with primary hypercholesterolemia
Mellies, M.J.; Stein, E.A.; Khoury, P.; Lamkin, G.; Glueck, C.J., 1987: Effects of fenofibrate on lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in 33 subjects with primary hypercholesterolemia
Microarray analysis provides new insights into the function of apolipoprotein O in HepG2 cell line | Lipids in Health and...Microarray analysis provides new insights into the function of apolipoprotein O in HepG2 cell line | Lipids in Health and...
Apolipoprotein O (apoO) is a new member of the apolipoprotein family. However, data on its physiological functions are limited and inconsistent. Using a microarray expression analysis, this study explored the function of apoO in liver cells. HepG2 cells were treated either with oleic acid or tumor necrosis factor-α for 24 h. mRNA and protein expression of apoO were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot respectively. An efficient lentiviral siRNA vector targeting the human apoO gene was designed and constructed. The gene expression profile of HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells transfected with the apoO silencing vector was investigated using a whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray. The expression levels of some altered genes were validated using qRT-PCR. ApoO expression in HepG2 cells was dramatically affected by lipid and inflammatory stimuli. A total of 282 differentially expressed genes in apoO-silenced HepG2 cells were identified by microarray analysis. These
Inheritance of plasma apolipoprotein B levels in families of patients undergoing coronary arteriography at an early age -...Inheritance of plasma apolipoprotein B levels in families of patients undergoing coronary arteriography at an early age -...
An elevated plasma level of apolipoprotein B (apoB), the major protein of low density lipoproteins, is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. This study tested the hypothesis, suggested by previous studies, that the apoB level is strongly influenced by a major gene. The study population included 832 family members of 116 subjects who had undergone elective coronary arteriography at an early age. The apoB level was adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking (R2 = 20 %). ApoB levels revealed strong familial aggregation with correlations among spouses of 0.23, parent-offspring of 0.16, and siblings of 0.21. Regressive models were used to examine inter-individual variation in adjusted apoB levels. In the total sample, familial aggregation of the apoB level was consistent with two models: (1) a major gene model and (2) a polygenic model with a mixture of non-transmitted "types." Comparison of these two models in each family showed that 57 families ...
Silver-enhanced radial immunodiffusion assay of plasma apolipoprotein by B Y. Ishida and B PaigenSilver-enhanced radial immunodiffusion assay of plasma apolipoprotein" by B Y. Ishida and B Paigen
Silver-staining of immunoprecipitates extends the sensitivity of the radial immunodiffusion assay by tenfold. This modification permits the quantification of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, C, and E at levels of 0.2-1.0 mg/dl in plasma samples at a sensitivity threshold of 10 ng. The silver-enhanced radial immunodiffusion method is readily adapted from the standard method, simple and inexpensive to perform, and does not require costly instrumentation. These advantages make the modified RID assay an attractive alternative to other forms of immunoassay.
APOA5 - SNPediaAPOA5 - SNPedia
SNPs in the apolipoprotein A-V gene, APOA5, have primarily been associated with plasma lipoprotein levels and associated downstream consequences, such as weight gain and heart disease risk. Significant SNPs of APOA5 include: ...
Apolipoprotein A-IV/ApoA4 Antibody Pair (H00000337-AP21): Novus BiologicalsApolipoprotein A-IV/ApoA4 Antibody Pair (H00000337-AP21): Novus Biologicals
Apolipoprotein A-IV/ApoA4 Antibody Pair. Matched antibody pairs validated for ELISA or IP-Western Blot. Backed by our 100% Guarantee.
Proteomes | Free Full-Text | Mass Spectrometric Studies of Apolipoprotein Proteoforms and Their Role in Lipid Metabolism and...Proteomes | Free Full-Text | Mass Spectrometric Studies of Apolipoprotein Proteoforms and Their Role in Lipid Metabolism and...
Apolipoproteins function as structural components of lipoprotein particles, cofactors for enzymes, and ligands for cell-surface receptors. Most of the apoliporoteins exhibit proteoforms, arising from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, oxidation, and sequence truncations. Reviewed here are recent studies correlating apolipoproteins proteoforms with the specific clinical measures of lipid metabolism and cardiometabolic risk. Targeted mass spectrometric immunoassays toward apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and C-III were applied on large cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical cohorts. Several correlations were observed, including greater apolipoprotein A-I and A-II oxidation in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and a divergent apoC-III proteoforms association with plasma triglycerides, indicating significant differences in the metabolism of the individual apoC-III proteoforms. These are the first studies of their kind, correlating
Plasma Triglyceride and Insulin Levels in Familial Hypertriglyceridemia | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of...Plasma Triglyceride and Insulin Levels in Familial Hypertriglyceridemia | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of...
Plasma triglyceride levels have been correlated with insulin levels in both normal populations and in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (1). As a result of this reproducible significant association, it has been suggested that hyperinsulinism might be causally related to endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (2).. It has now been established that "endogenous hypertriglyceridemia" describes a heterogenous group of primary familial and sporadic disorders. Recently two common forms of monogenic hypertriglyceridemia have been described: "pure" monogenic familial hypertriglyceridemia, in which the hypertriglyceridemic propositus comes from a family in which all affected relatives have isolated hypertriglyceridemia; and familial combined hyperlipidemia, in which the hypertriglyceridemic propositus ...
ORBi: Browsing ORBiORBi: Browsing ORBi
in PLoS Pathogens (2009), 5(12), 1000685. Apolipoprotein L-I (apoL1) is a human-specific serum protein that kills Trypanosoma brucei through ionic pore formation in endosomal membranes of the parasite. The T. brucei subspecies rhodesiense and ... [more ▼]. Apolipoprotein L-I (apoL1) is a human-specific serum protein that kills Trypanosoma brucei through ionic pore formation in endosomal membranes of the parasite. The T. brucei subspecies rhodesiense and gambiense resist this lytic activity and can infect humans, causing sleeping sickness. In the case of T. b. rhodesiense, resistance to lysis involves interaction of the Serum Resistance-Associated (SRA) protein with the C-terminal helix of apoL1. We undertook a mutational and deletional analysis of the C-terminal helix of apoL1 to investigate the linkage between interaction with SRA and lytic potential for different T. brucei subspecies. We confirm that the C-terminal helix is the SRA-interacting domain. Although in E. coli this domain was ...
ORBi: Browsing ORBiORBi: Browsing ORBi
in PLoS Pathogens (2009), 5(12), 1000685. Apolipoprotein L-I (apoL1) is a human-specific serum protein that kills Trypanosoma brucei through ionic pore formation in endosomal membranes of the parasite. The T. brucei subspecies rhodesiense and ... [more ▼]. Apolipoprotein L-I (apoL1) is a human-specific serum protein that kills Trypanosoma brucei through ionic pore formation in endosomal membranes of the parasite. The T. brucei subspecies rhodesiense and gambiense resist this lytic activity and can infect humans, causing sleeping sickness. In the case of T. b. rhodesiense, resistance to lysis involves interaction of the Serum Resistance-Associated (SRA) protein with the C-terminal helix of apoL1. We undertook a mutational and deletional analysis of the C-terminal helix of apoL1 to investigate the linkage between interaction with SRA and lytic potential for different T. brucei subspecies. We confirm that the C-terminal helix is the SRA-interacting domain. Although in E. coli this domain was ...
Gentaur Molecular :AbD \ MOUSE ANTI HUMAN APOLIPOPROTEIN B, Product Type Monoclonal Antibody, Specificity APOLIPOPROTEIN B,...Gentaur Molecular :AbD \ MOUSE ANTI HUMAN APOLIPOPROTEIN B, Product Type Monoclonal Antibody, Specificity APOLIPOPROTEIN B,...
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Distribution of apolipoprotein C-II mRNA and protein in | Open-iDistribution of apolipoprotein C-II mRNA and protein in | Open-i
Distribution of apolipoprotein C-II mRNA and protein in the perinatal mouse lung. Mouse tissue sections are from saccular stage (A, B, H, GD 19.5; C, G, PN 0; I
Sagi, AmirSagi, Amir
One precursor, three apolipoproteins: The relationship between two crustacean lipoproteins, the large discoidal lipoprotein and the high density lipoprotein/β-glucan binding protein. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 1841:1700-1708. 2014 ...
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) - Pipeline Review, H1 2016 : ReportsnReportsApolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) - Pipeline Review, H1 2016 : ReportsnReports
[55 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) - Pipeline Review, H1 2016 report by Global Markets Direct. Global Markets Directs, Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) - Pipeline...
Humanofort | METABOLIC SYNDROME MAY BE IMPROVED FOLLOWING A LONG-TIME ADMINISTRATION OF A NUTRITIVE SUPPLEMENT CONTAINING...Humanofort | METABOLIC SYNDROME MAY BE IMPROVED FOLLOWING A LONG-TIME ADMINISTRATION OF A NUTRITIVE SUPPLEMENT CONTAINING...
Our results demonstrated the efficiency of EP in MS.The presence of MS was the main grouping criteria (Table 1). According to Table 2, half of the initial subjects were selected as having MS, probably in an incipient stage. Our criteria of selection were the presence of three conditions (2-4, 7): increased BMI and TG and the presence of cardiovascular disorder or type 2 diabetes. Anyway, total cholesterol was increased in all subjects, as a consequence of aging. In the same way, other modifications might be explained, such as increased LDL, TG, as well as some independent parameters, such as cortisol, CRP, IGF-1. Secondly, as we mentioned, in all subjects, the levels of HDL cholesterol and insulin were within the physiological range, possibly compensatory. In this way, the factors of cardiac risk (recommended by AETHNA 2000 Program), such as TC/HDL and Apolipoproteins B/A ratio remained to a moderate level (6). Based on these observations, the difference between the groups with MS versus those ...
Lipoprotein-Related and Apolipoprotein-Mediated Delivery SysLipoprotein-Related and Apolipoprotein-Mediated Delivery Sys
The integration of lipoprotein-related or apolipoprotein-targeted nanoparticles as pharmaceutical carriers opens new therapeutic and diagnostic avenues in nanom
SHKENCA PËRGJIGJET NËSE MJEKRA E GJATË FAVORIZON APO DËMTON SHËNDETIN E MESHKUJVE - AlbStroka.comAlbStroka.comSHKENCA PËRGJIGJET NËSE MJEKRA E GJATË FAVORIZON APO DËMTON SHËNDETIN E MESHKUJVE - AlbStroka.comAlbStroka.com
Nga Lorena Stroka. Vetëm pak kohë më parë në University College of London, u realizua një eksperiment mjaft interesant mbi mjekrat e meshkujve anembanë botës. Në mënyrë të veçantë, udhëheqësi i eksperimentit, Dr. Adam Roberts u shpreh se ndryshe nga çbesohej deri më sot, mjekra "strehon" mbi 100 bakterie me veti antibiotike.. Profesori dëshmoi përmes provave, se shumica e baktereve të gjendura në mjekër jo vetëm nuk janë të dëmshme, por, në mënyrën më efikase, ato mund të eleminojnë çdo mikrob të rrezikshëm si dhe të luftojnë një sërë sëmundjesh./albstroka.com/. © AlbStroka.com. ...
Defects in Synthesis of Apolipoprotein A-IDefects in Synthesis of Apolipoprotein A-I
Cardiology news, research and treatment articles offering cardiology healthcare professionals cardiology information and resources to keep them informed.
LA Control Plasma High | Aniara DiagnosticaLA Control Plasma High | Aniara Diagnostica
For US: For Research Use Only. This kit is optimized for being used with the HEMOCLOT LA-S and HEMOCLOT LA-C assays. See product page for more information.
Natura Bisse High Density Lift | Buy Online At SkinCareRXNatura Bisse High Density Lift | Buy Online At SkinCareRX
Buy Natura Bisse High Density Lift at SkinCareRX! We have the best range of Natura Bissé Skin Care products online. Free delivery available!
Leica 마크로줌 & 디지털 현미경 | (주)와이에스피Leica 마크로줌 & 디지털 현미경 | (주)와이에스피
Leica의 매크로현미경(Macroscope)는 시판되는 제품 중 최고 수준의 정밀도를 가지며 산업, 의학, 연구 분야에서 다채로운 목적으로 사용됩니다. 편리한 매크로스코프 Leica Macroscope는 APO 16:1 줌이 주는 탁월한 광학 특성과 함께 작업 편리성에 있어 최고의
High density lipoprotein particle - Stock Image F012/8897 - Science Photo LibraryHigh density lipoprotein particle - Stock Image F012/8897 - Science Photo Library
Lipoprotein, illustration. This is a high density lipoprotein (HDL), or good cholesterol, molecule. It consists of a core of esterified cholesterol molecules surrounded by a shell of unesterified cholesterol (orange with violet cap) and phospholipids (orange with blue cap). The complex structure includes carrier proteins (green) known as apolipoproteins, which assist transport in the blood. HDL cholesterol plays a role in fat metabolism and contributes to cardiovascular health. - Stock Image F012/8897
Influence of PvuII (Intron 6) polymorphism of the lipoprotein lipase gene on cord plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels in...Influence of PvuII (Intron 6) polymorphism of the lipoprotein lipase gene on cord plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels in...
FLow, P.-S.,Tay, J.S.H.,Arulkumaran, S.,Saha, N. (1998). Influence of PvuII (Intron 6) polymorphism of the lipoprotein lipase gene on cord plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels in indian and chinese newborns of singapore. Pediatric Research 43 (2) : 240-244. [email protected] Repository ...
The Apolipoprotein E Cys-142 Mutant: Role in Dominant Inheritance of Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia and Expression in Transgenic...The Apolipoprotein E Cys-142 Mutant: Role in Dominant Inheritance of Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia and Expression in Transgenic...
Type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) is a genetic disorder of lipid metabolism in humans in which the primary molecular defect is a mutation(s) in apolipoprotein (apo) E that causes defective...
Apolipoprotein J Antibody 600-101-198Apolipoprotein J Antibody 600-101-198
Apolipoprotein J Antibody functions as a secreted chaperone that prevents aggregation of nonnative proteins. It prevents stress-induced aggregation of blood plasma proteins and inhibits the formations of amyloid fibrils. Apolipoprotein J does not require ATP or refold proteins by itself. It maintains partially unfolded proteins in a state for subsequent refolding by other chaperones. It is shown to be involved in several basic biological events such as cell death, tumor progression, and neurodegenerative disorders. Binding to cell surface receptors it triggers internalization of chaperone-client complex and subsequent lysosomal or proteasomal degradation. It modulates NF-kappa-B transcriptional activity. Nuclear isoforms promote apoptosis while mitochondrial isoforms suppress BAX-dependent release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm and inhibit apoptosis. Anti-Apolipoprotein J Antibody is useful for researchers interested in the immune system, Ubiquitin pathways, and cardiovascular research.
Local Delivery of Apolipoproteins and Their Derivatives - Patent applicationLocal Delivery of Apolipoproteins and Their Derivatives - Patent application
0069]Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. ...
Patent US4255449 - Method of treating abnormal lipoprote in ratios - Google PatentsPatent US4255449 - Method of treating abnormal lipoprote in ratios - Google Patents
Abnormally high ratios of low density and very low density lipoproteins to high density lipoproteins, an etiological factor in vascular conditions, are reduced by oral or parenteral administration of carnitine which increases the level of high density lipoproteins.
Apolipoprotein B - MyRxLabsApolipoprotein B - MyRxLabs
LDL and its major protein, apolipoprotein B, play an essential role in lipid transport and metabolism. Apo B may regulate cholesterol synthesis through its interaction with specific cell membrane receptors and by inhibition of HMG Co A reductase. This enzyme has been identified as the rate controlling enzyme in cholest
Lipid-interacting properties of the N-terminal domain of human apolipoprotein C-III - UCL DiscoveryLipid-interacting properties of the N-terminal domain of human apolipoprotein C-III - UCL Discovery
UCL Discovery is UCLs open access repository, showcasing and providing access to UCL research outputs from all UCL disciplines.
Apolipoprotein B - Notfalllabor.de - Das Labor-PortalApolipoprotein B - Notfalllabor.de - Das Labor-Portal
Nachschlagewerk für Laborärzte, Medizinisch-technische Assistenten, Einkäufer in Krankenhäusern, Medizinstudenten und angehende MTAs. Die Website bietet einen unabhängigen Marktüberblick über Produkte vom Blutzuckermessgerät bis zum Großanalyser, vom Autoklaven bis zur Zentrifuge. Seite: Apolipoprotein B
Shpërthen vullkani në Japoni | Gazeta Koha JoneShpërthen vullkani në Japoni | Gazeta Koha Jone
Agjencia Meteorologjike e Japonisë ka ngritur nivelin e alarmit për rajonin e Kyushu në tre, nga pesë që është maksimalja, pasi një vullkan në malin Shinmoe në Kirishima shpërthye për herë të parë pas gjashtë vitesh mëngjesin e së mërkurës. Deri më tani nuk janë raportuar viktima apo dëmtime, sipas policisë lokale, pas shpërthimit në…
Usefulness of plasma cardiotrophin-1 in assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy regression in hypertensive patientsUsefulness of plasma cardiotrophin-1 in assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy regression in hypertensive patients
Toda la información sobre las últimas publicaciones científicas de la Clínica Universidad de Navarra. Usefulness of plasma cardiotrophin-1 in assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy regression in hypertensive patients
Alterations in very low density lipoprotein subfractions in normotriglyceridemic non-insulin-dependent diabetics - DROAlterations in very low density lipoprotein subfractions in normotriglyceridemic non-insulin-dependent diabetics - DRO
Patti, Lidia, Swinburn, Boyd, Riccardi, Gabriele, Rivellese, Angela A. and Howard, Barbara V. 1991, Alterations in very low density lipoprotein subfractions in normotriglyceridemic non-insulin-dependent diabetics, Atherosclerosis, vol. 91, no. 1-2, pp. 15-23, doi: 10.1016/0021-9150(91)90183-4. ...
Effects of diet, physical fitness and hormones on high density lipoprotein (part I: Diet)<...Effects of diet, physical fitness and hormones on high density lipoprotein (part I: Diet)<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of diet, physical fitness and hormones on high density lipoprotein (part I. T2 - Diet). AU - Lyu, Li-Ching. AU - Yi Chun Lai, Chun Lai. AU - Wu, W. H.. PY - 1999/12/1. Y1 - 1999/12/1. N2 - High density lipoprotein (HDL) plays the central role n reverse cholesterol transport, which with highest density and abundant protein component of the lipoprotein moieties. Nascent HDL accepts unesterified cholesterol from peripheral tissues, esterified the free cholesterol and moves cholesterol ester to the core of HDL, then carries the cholesterol ester to liver for further metabolism. Therefore, HDL decreases the peripheral cholesterol deposition and reduces the risk for developing atherosclerotic diseases. In 1988 and 1993, both versions of the National Cholesterol Education Program in U.S.A. added HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) less than 35 mg/dL as a risk for coronary heart disease along with other risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension. The nutritionists in Taiwan often were ...
Low density lipoprotein particle size phenotyping in healthy persons and patients with myocardial infarction.Low density lipoprotein particle size phenotyping in healthy persons and patients with myocardial infarction.
AIM: To determine distribution, size, and phenotype of low density lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses and examine the influence of plasma lipid concentrations on lipoprotein particle size in both healthy population and patients with myocardial infarction.
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ApolipoproteinsApolipoproteins AApolipoproteins CApolipoproteins BApolipoprotein A-IApolipoprotein A-IIApolipoproteins EApolipoprotein C-IIApolipoprotein C-IIILipoproteins, HDLApolipoproteins DLipoproteinsApolipoprotein C-ICholesterolLipoproteins, VLDLTriglyceridesLipidsApolipoprotein B-100Apolipoprotein B-48Cholesterol, HDLLipoproteins, HDL3Tangier DiseasePhosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-AcyltransferaseLipoproteins, LDLNephelometry and TurbidimetryATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1Cholesterol EstersIsoelectric FocusingReceptors, LipoproteinLipid MetabolismChylomicronsCholesterol, LDLPhospholipidsUltracentrifugationHypolipoproteinemiasLipoproteins, HDL2Lipoprotein(a)LymphElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelApoproteinsHyperlipidemiasLiverImmunodiffusionLipoprotein LipaseTrioleinHyperlipoproteinemia Type IVPhosphatidylcholinesKineticsATP-Binding Cassette TransportersHyperlipoproteinemiasApolipoprotein E3Chemistry, ClinicalCholesterol, VLDLHypertriglyceridemiaCholesterol Ester Transfer ProteinsLipoproteins, IDLReference ValuesScavenger Receptors, Class BFreeze DryingEthinyl EstradiolParticle SizeImmunoassaySerum Amyloid A ProteinDietary FatsMicroscopy, ElectronImmunoelectrophoresisHyperlipoproteinemia Type VAbetalipoproteinemiaDimyristoylphosphatidylcholineReceptors, ScavengerAmino Acid SequenceOleic AcidChromatography, GelMolecular WeightArteriosclerosisBiological TransportLipolysisSterol O-AcyltransferaseRats, Inbred StrainsCallitrichinaeHigh-Density Lipoproteins, Pre-betaLipaseLiposomesReceptors, LDLOleic AcidsCarrier ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataLecithin Acyltransferase DeficiencyHyperlipidemia, Familial CombinedProtein BindingAntigens, CD36ButterHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIEsterificationGlycoproteinsEmulsionsSalmonidaeBinding, CompetitiveCholesterol, DietaryReference StandardsIodine RadioisotopesElectrophoresis, Agar GelOilsAnguillaAtherosclerosisChromatography, AgaroseHypolipidemic AgentsCentrifugation, Density GradientHypobetalipoproteinemiasRadioimmunoassayCircular DichroismElectrophoresisProtein Structure, SecondaryTime FactorsDansyl CompoundsPolymorphism, GeneticDyslipidemiasbeta 2-Glycoprotein IBiological MarkersCells, CulturedCoronary DiseaseAcute-Phase ReactionHypercholesterolemiaPhospholipid Transfer ProteinsClusterinProtein ConformationPlacental LactogenFatty AcidsSepharoseAmino AcidsRadioisotope Dilution TechniquePerfusionRisk FactorsHyperlipoproteinemia Type III
Apolipoprotein C2Apolipoprotein C2
... or apolipoprotein C-II is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC2 gene. secreted in plasma where it ... "A nonsense mutation in the apolipoprotein C-IIPadova gene in a patient with apolipoprotein C-II deficiency". J. Clin. Invest. ... Familial apolipoprotein CII deficiency associated with premature vascular disease". J. Clin. Invest. 80 (6): 1597-606. doi: ... "Structure of apolipoprotein C-IIToronto, a nonfunctional human apolipoprotein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (1): 270-3. ...
Familial hypercholesterolemiaFamilial hypercholesterolemia
Apolipoprotein BEdit. Apolipoprotein B, in its ApoB100 form, is the main apolipoprotein, or protein part of the lipoprotein ... Class III: LDLR does not properly bind LDL on the cell surface because of a defect in either apolipoprotein B100 (R3500Q) or in ... LDL cholesterol normally circulates in the body for 2.5 days, and subsequently the apolipoprotein B portion of LDL cholesterol ... or apolipoprotein B (ApoB), which is the part of LDL that binds with the receptor; mutations in other genes are rare.[1] People ...
LipocalinLipocalin
... apolipoprotein D; beta-lactoglobulin; complement component C8 gamma chain; crustacyanin; epididymal-retinoic acid binding ...
LipidLipid
In animals, when there is an oversupply of dietary carbohydrate, the excess carbohydrate is converted to triglycerides. This involves the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and the esterification of fatty acids in the production of triglycerides, a process called lipogenesis.[87] Fatty acids are made by fatty acid synthases that polymerize and then reduce acetyl-CoA units. The acyl chains in the fatty acids are extended by a cycle of reactions that add the acetyl group, reduce it to an alcohol, dehydrate it to an alkene group and then reduce it again to an alkane group. The enzymes of fatty acid biosynthesis are divided into two groups, in animals and fungi all these fatty acid synthase reactions are carried out by a single multifunctional protein,[88] while in plant plastids and bacteria separate enzymes perform each step in the pathway.[89][90] The fatty acids may be subsequently converted to triglycerides that are packaged in lipoproteins and secreted from the liver. The synthesis of ...
ApoA-1 MilanoApoA-1 Milano
Apolipoprotein A-1 Milano (also ETC-216, now MDCO-216) is a naturally occurring mutated variant of the apolipoprotein A1 ... Weisgraber KH, Rall SC, Bersot TP, Mahley RW, Franceschini G, Sirtori CR (25 February 1983). "Apolipoprotein A-IMilano. ...
APOA2APOA2
Apolipoprotein A-II is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA2 gene. This gene encodes apolipoprotein (apo-) A-II, ... "Entrez Gene: APOA2 apolipoprotein A-II". Pussinen PJ, Jauhiainen M, Metso J, Pyle LE, Marcel YL, Fidge NH, Ehnholm C (Jan 1998 ... Brewer HB, Lux SE, Ronan R, John KM (May 1972). "Amino acid sequence of human apoLp-Gln-II (apoA-II), an apolipoprotein ... The protein is found in plasma as a monomer, homodimer, or heterodimer with apolipoprotein D. Defects in this gene may result ...
Category:Blood proteinsCategory:Blood proteins
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization ...
Genetic testingGenetic testing
Apolipoprotein E-associated. Elevation of both serum cholesterol and triglycerides; accelerated atherosclerosis, coronary heart ...
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays an important role in phospholipid and cholesterol homeostasis. After binding ApoER2, ApoE is ... Riddell DR, Sun XM, Stannard AK, Soutar AK, Owen JS (2001). "Localization of apolipoprotein E receptor 2 to caveolae in the ... Herz J (June 2009). "Apolipoprotein E receptors in the nervous system". Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 20 (3): 190-6. doi:10.1097/MOL. ... Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), also known as apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2), is a protein ...
APOMAPOM
Apolipoprotein M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOM gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an apolipoprotein ... "Entrez Gene: APOM apolipoprotein M". Albertella MR, Jones H, Thomson W, et al. (1997). "Localization of eight additional genes ... 2004). "Regulation of apolipoprotein M gene expression by MODY3 gene hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha: haploinsufficiency is ... 2005). "Leptin inhibits apolipoprotein M transcription and secretion in human hepatoma cell line, HepG2 cells". Biochim. ...
APOL3APOL3
Apolipoprotein L3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOL3 gene. This gene is a member of the apolipoprotein L gene ... "Entrez Gene: APOL3 apolipoprotein L, 3". Human APOL3 genome location and APOL3 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. ... 2001). "Apolipoprotein L gene family: tissue-specific expression, splicing, promoter regions; discovery of a new gene". J. ... Monajemi H, Fontijn RD, Pannekoek H, Horrevoets AJ (2002). "The apolipoprotein L gene cluster has emerged recently in evolution ...
Gladstone InstitutesGladstone Institutes
Alzheimer's disease and apolipoprotein E (apoE). Uncovered the molecular pathways that link apoE and Alzheimer's disease, and ...
APOL2APOL2
Apolipoprotein L2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOL2 gene. This gene is a member of the apolipoprotein L gene ... "Entrez Gene: APOL2 apolipoprotein L, 2". Human APOL2 genome location and APOL2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. ... McGhee KA, Morris DW, Schwaiger S (2005). "Investigation of the apolipoprotein-L (APOL) gene family and schizophrenia using a ... Monajemi H, Fontijn RD, Pannekoek H, Horrevoets AJ (2002). "The apolipoprotein L gene cluster has emerged recently in evolution ...
APOL6APOL6
Apolipoprotein L6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOL6 gene. This gene is a member of the apolipoprotein L gene ... "Entrez Gene: APOL6 apolipoprotein L, 6". Human APOL6 genome location and APOL6 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. ... Liu Z, Lu H, Jiang Z, Pastuszyn A, Hu CA (Jan 2005). "Apolipoprotein l6, a novel proapoptotic Bcl-2 homology 3-only protein, ... "The human apolipoprotein L gene cluster: identification, classification, and sites of distribution". Genomics. 74 (1): 71-8. ...
Bleomycin hydrolaseBleomycin hydrolase
2003). "[Apolipoprotein E and bleomycin hydrolase. Polymorphisms: association with neurodegenerative diseases]". Ann. Biol. ...
APOA4APOA4
Karathanasis SK (1985). "Apolipoprotein multigene family: tandem organization of human apolipoprotein AI, CIII, and AIV genes ... "Genetic polymorphism of human plasma apolipoprotein A-IV is due to nucleotide substitutions in the apolipoprotein A-IV gene". J ... Apolipoprotein A-IV (also known as apoA-IV, apoAIV, or apoA4) is plasma protein that is the product of the human gene APOA4. ... "Entrez Gene: APOA4 apolipoprotein A-IV". Luo CC, Li WH, Moore MN, Chan L (February 1986). "Structure and evolution of the ...
High-density lipoproteinHigh-density lipoprotein
Its most abundant apolipoproteins are apo A-I and apo A-II. A rare genetic variant, ApoA-1 Milano, has been documented to be ... In the stress response, serum amyloid A, which is one of the acute-phase proteins and an apolipoprotein, is under the ... Sacks FM, Zheng C, Cohn JS (2011). "Complexities of plasma apolipoprotein C-III metabolism". Journal of Lipid Research. 52 (6 ... HDL lipoprotein particles that bear apolipoprotein C3 are associated with increased, rather than decreased, risk for coronary ...
APOBEC4APOBEC4
"Entrez Gene: apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme". Marino D, Perković M, Hain A, Jaguva Vasudevan AA, Hofmann H, Hanschmann KM ... C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-4, also known as Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 4, is a protein ...
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alphaHepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha
Zannis VI, Kan HY, Kritis A, Zanni E, Kardassis D (Mar 2001). "Transcriptional regulation of the human apolipoprotein genes". ... Ginsburg GS, Ozer J, Karathanasis SK (Jul 1995). "Intestinal apolipoprotein AI gene transcription is regulated by multiple ... "CREB-binding protein is a transcriptional coactivator for hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 and enhances apolipoprotein gene ...
APOLD1APOLD1
Apolipoprotein L domain containing 1". Retrieved 2012-11-02. APOLD1 apolipoprotein L domain containing 1 [ Homo sapiens (human ... Apolipoprotein L domain containing 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the APOLD1 gene. It is located on Chromosome 12 ...
DAB1DAB1
1999) showed that 2 cell surface receptors, very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR; 192977) and apolipoprotein E receptor ... "Functional dissection of Reelin signaling by site-directed disruption of Disabled-1 adaptor binding to apolipoprotein E ...
Harold Smith (scientist)Harold Smith (scientist)
L Chan (22 May 1994). "Apolipoprotein B Messenger RNA editing: An Update". Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Baylor ...
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2
Zannis VI, Kan HY, Kritis A, Zanni E, Kardassis D (March 2001). "Transcriptional regulation of the human apolipoprotein genes ...
Alcohol-related dementiaAlcohol-related dementia
The presence of the Apolipoprotein c4 allele. If the symptoms of alcohol dementia are caught early enough, the effects may be ...
Mendelian randomizationMendelian randomization
Katan MB (March 1986). "Apolipoprotein E isoforms, serum cholesterol, and cancer". Lancet. 1 (8479): 507-8. PMID 2869248. Gray ...
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
ApolipoproteinsApolipoproteins AApolipoproteins CApolipoproteins BApolipoprotein A-IApolipoprotein A-IIApolipoproteins EApolipoprotein C-IIApolipoprotein C-IIILipoproteins, HDLApolipoproteins DLipoproteinsApolipoprotein C-ICholesterolLipoproteins, VLDLTriglyceridesLipidsApolipoprotein B-100Apolipoprotein B-48Cholesterol, HDLLipoproteins, HDL3Tangier DiseasePhosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-AcyltransferaseLipoproteins, LDLNephelometry and TurbidimetryATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1Cholesterol EstersIsoelectric FocusingReceptors, LipoproteinLipid MetabolismChylomicronsCholesterol, LDLPhospholipidsUltracentrifugationHypolipoproteinemiasLipoproteins, HDL2Lipoprotein(a)LymphElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelApoproteinsHyperlipidemiasLiverImmunodiffusionLipoprotein LipaseTrioleinHyperlipoproteinemia Type IVPhosphatidylcholinesKineticsATP-Binding Cassette TransportersHyperlipoproteinemiasApolipoprotein E3Chemistry, ClinicalCholesterol, VLDLHypertriglyceridemiaCholesterol Ester Transfer ProteinsLipoproteins, IDLReference ValuesScavenger Receptors, Class BFreeze DryingEthinyl EstradiolParticle SizeImmunoassaySerum Amyloid A ProteinDietary FatsMicroscopy, ElectronImmunoelectrophoresisHyperlipoproteinemia Type VAbetalipoproteinemiaDimyristoylphosphatidylcholineReceptors, ScavengerAmino Acid SequenceOleic AcidChromatography, GelMolecular WeightArteriosclerosisBiological TransportLipolysisSterol O-AcyltransferaseRats, Inbred StrainsCallitrichinaeHigh-Density Lipoproteins, Pre-betaLipaseLiposomesReceptors, LDLOleic AcidsCarrier ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataLecithin Acyltransferase DeficiencyHyperlipidemia, Familial CombinedProtein BindingAntigens, CD36ButterHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIEsterificationGlycoproteinsEmulsionsSalmonidaeBinding, CompetitiveCholesterol, DietaryReference StandardsIodine RadioisotopesElectrophoresis, Agar GelOilsAnguillaAtherosclerosisChromatography, AgaroseHypolipidemic AgentsCentrifugation, Density GradientHypobetalipoproteinemiasRadioimmunoassayCircular DichroismElectrophoresisProtein Structure, SecondaryTime FactorsDansyl CompoundsPolymorphism, GeneticDyslipidemiasbeta 2-Glycoprotein IBiological MarkersCells, CulturedCoronary DiseaseAcute-Phase ReactionHypercholesterolemiaPhospholipid Transfer ProteinsClusterinProtein ConformationPlacental LactogenFatty AcidsSepharoseAmino AcidsRadioisotope Dilution TechniquePerfusionRisk FactorsHyperlipoproteinemia Type III
Apolipoprotein D - WikipediaApolipoprotein D - Wikipedia
"Entrez Gene: APOD apolipoprotein D". Muffat J, Walker DW (2010). "Apolipoprotein D: an overview of its role in aging and age- ... Apolipoprotein D (Apo-D) is a component of high-density lipoprotein that has no marked similarity to other apolipoprotein ... Apolipoproteins D at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Applied Research on Apolipoproteins ... Apolipoprotein D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOD gene. Unlike other lipoproteins, which are mainly produced ...
en.wikipedia.org
Natural Human Apolipoprotein CI (ab77901) | AbcamNatural Human Apolipoprotein CI (ab77901) | Abcam
Buy our Natural Human Apolipoprotein CI. Ab77901 is a full length protein produced in Nativesyntheticaly and has been validated ...
abcam.com
Effect of Synthetic Truncated Apolipoprotein C-I Peptide on Plasma Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Nonhuman PrimatesEffect of Synthetic Truncated Apolipoprotein C-I Peptide on Plasma Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Nonhuman Primates
... Rampratap S. ...
hindawi.com
Apolipoprotein C4 - WikipediaApolipoprotein C4 - Wikipedia
Apolipoprotein C-IV, also known as apolipoprotein C4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC4 gene.[5][6] ... Apolipoprotein (apo)C4 gene is a member of the apolipoprotein C gene family. It is expressed in the liver and has a predicted ... "Entrez Gene: apolipoprotein C-IV".. *^ Allan CM, Walker D, Segrest JP, Taylor JM (July 1995). "Identification and ... 2002). "Regulated expression of the apolipoprotein E/C-I/C-IV/C-II gene cluster in murine and human macrophages. A critical ...
en.wikipedia.org
Apolipoprotein C2 - WikipediaApolipoprotein C2 - Wikipedia
Apolipoprotein C2 or apolipoprotein C-II is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC2 gene. secreted in plasma where it ... "A nonsense mutation in the apolipoprotein C-IIPadova gene in a patient with apolipoprotein C-II deficiency". J. Clin. Invest. ... Familial apolipoprotein CII deficiency associated with premature vascular disease". J. Clin. Invest. 80 (6): 1597-606. doi: ... "Structure of apolipoprotein C-IIToronto, a nonfunctional human apolipoprotein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (1): 270-3. ...
en.wikipedia.org
Apolipoprotein B100: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaApolipoprotein B100: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) is a protein that plays a role in moving cholesterol around your body. It is a form of low ... Apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) is a protein that plays a role in moving cholesterol around your body. It is a form of low ... Apolipoprotein measurements may provide more detail about your risk for heart disease, but the added value of this test beyond ... Regulation and clearance of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. In: Ballantyne CM, ed. Clinical Lipidology: A Companion ...
medlineplus.gov
Apolipoprotein CII: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaApolipoprotein CII: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Apolipoprotein CII (apoCII) is a protein found in large fat particles that the gastrointestinal tract absorbs. It is also found ... ApoCII; Apoprotein CII; ApoC2; Lipoprotein lipase deficiency - apolipoprotein CII; Chylomicronemia syndrome - apolipoprotein ... Apolipoprotein measurements may provide more detail about your risk for heart disease, but the added value of this test beyond ... Apolipoprotein CII (apoCII) is a protein found in large fat particles that the gastrointestinal tract absorbs. It is also found ...
medlineplus.gov
Apolipoprotein News, ResearchApolipoprotein News, Research
The key is a naturally occurring protein called apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP). AIBP binds to toll-like receptor 4 ( ...
news-medical.net
What is apolipoprotein AI amyloidosis (apoAI)?What is apolipoprotein AI amyloidosis (apoAI)?
Apolipoprotein AI amyloidosis (apoAI) is an autosomal dominant amyloidosis caused by point mutations in the apoAI gene. Usually ... encoded search term (What is apolipoprotein AI amyloidosis (apoAI)?) and What is apolipoprotein AI amyloidosis (apoAI)? What to ... What is apolipoprotein AI amyloidosis (apoAI)?. Updated: May 09, 2019 * Author: Robert O Holmes, Jr, DO; Chief Editor: Herbert ... Apolipoprotein AI amyloidosis (apoAI) is an autosomal dominant amyloidosis caused by point mutations in the apoAI gene. Usually ...
medscape.com
Apo B (Apolipoprotein B)Apo B (Apolipoprotein B)
The apolipoprotein B (Apo B) is a protein involved in the metabolism of lipids. The apo B test may be used, along with other ... Apolipoprotein B-100 (also called apolipoprotein B or apo B) is a protein that is involved in the metabolism of lipids and is ... Apolipoproteins combine with lipids to transport them throughout the bloodstream. Apolipoproteins provide structural integrity ... The apolipoprotein B (apo B) test is used, along with other lipid tests, to help determine an individuals risk of developing ...
labtestsonline.org
Lipid and apolipoprotein in cord blood | SpringerLinkLipid and apolipoprotein in cord blood | SpringerLink
... a series of Sicilian neonates was studied in order to investigate about the distribution of serum lipid and apolipoprotein at ... 1990) Lipid and apolipoprotein in cord blood. In: Descovich G., Gaddi A., Magri G., Lenzi S. (eds) Atherosclerosis and ... McConathy, W.J., Lane, D.M., (1980) "Studies on the apolipoproteins and lipoproteins of cord serum", Pediatr. Res., 14, 757-61. ... In conclusion lipid and apolipoprotein distributions in Sicilian newborns are not different from that of other population and ...
link.springer.com
Apolipoprotein A-IV (O46409) | InterPro | EMBL-EBIApolipoprotein A-IV (O46409) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool.
ebi.ac.uk
Apolipoprotein A/E (IPR000074) | InterPro | EMBL-EBIApolipoprotein A/E (IPR000074) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Exchangeable apolipoproteins (apoA, apoC and apoE) have the same genomic structure and are members of a multi-gene family that ... ApoA1, ApoA4 and Apo5 are part of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster on chromosome 11 [PMID: 15108119]. Apolipoproteins function ... Three-dimensional structure of the LDL receptor-binding domain of human apolipoprotein E.. Science 252 1817-22 1991 ... Contributions of domain structure and lipid interaction to the functionality of exchangeable human apolipoproteins.. Prog. ...
ebi.ac.uk
APOA1 apolipoprotein A1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBIAPOA1 apolipoprotein A1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
APOA1 apolipoprotein A1 [Homo sapiens] APOA1 apolipoprotein A1 [Homo sapiens]. Gene ID:335 ... Title: Apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio and mortality among incident peritoneal dialysis patients. ... apolipoprotein A1provided by HGNC. Primary source. HGNC:HGNC:600 See related. Ensembl:ENSG00000118137 MIM:107680; Vega: ... Tertiary structure of apolipoprotein A-I in nascent high-density lipoproteins. Pourmousa M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, ...
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimers disease: an update. - PubMed - NCBIApolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease: an update. - PubMed - NCBI
Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimers disease: an update.. Yu JT1, Tan L, Hardy J. ... Apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been irrefutably recognized as the major genetic risk factor, with semidominant inheritance, for ...
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Apolipoprotein - WikipediaApolipoprotein - Wikipedia
Apolipoprotein synthesis in the intestine is regulated principally by the fat content of the diet. Apolipoprotein synthesis in ... There are also intermediate-density lipoproteins formed by Apolipoprotein E. There are six classes of apolipoproteins and ... There are two major types of apolipoproteins. Apolipoproteins B form low-density lipoprotein (sometimes referred to as "bad ... Apolipoprotein L Saito H, Lund-Katz S, Phillips MC (July 2004). "Contributions of domain structure and lipid interaction to the ...
en.wikipedia.org
Absolute Quantification of Plasma Apolipoproteins for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction | SpringerLinkAbsolute Quantification of Plasma Apolipoproteins for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction | SpringerLink
Apolipoproteins regulate lipid metabolism, adipose tissue, and energy production and serve major... ... Apolipoproteins have important structural and functional roles in several lipoprotein particles. ... Horejsi B, Ceska R (2000) Apolipoproteins and atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E and apolipoprotein(a) as candidate genes of ... Apolipoproteins have important structural and functional roles in several lipoprotein particles. Apolipoproteins regulate lipid ...
link.springer.com
NHANES 2011-2012: Apolipoprotein B Data Documentation, Codebook, and FrequenciesNHANES 2011-2012: Apolipoprotein B Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies
LBXAPB - Apolipoprotein (B) (mg/dL). Variable Name: LBXAPB. SAS Label: Apolipoprotein (B) (mg/dL). English Text: Apolipoprotein ... LBDAPBSI - Apolipoprotein (B) (g/L). Variable Name: LBDAPBSI. SAS Label: Apolipoprotein (B) (g/L). English Text: Apolipoprotein ... Apolipoprotein B (ApoB_G) Data File: ApoB_G.xpt First Published: January 2014. Last Revised: NA ... Apolipoprotein B is the main protein component of LDL and accounts for approximately 95% of the total protein content of LDL. ...
wwwn.cdc.gov
NHANES 2007-2008: Apolipoprotein B Data Documentation, Codebook, and FrequenciesNHANES 2007-2008: Apolipoprotein B Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies
LBXAPB - Apolipoprotein (B) (mg/dL). Variable Name: LBXAPB. SAS Label: Apolipoprotein (B) (mg/dL). English Text: Apolipoprotein ... LBDAPBSI - Apolipoprotein (B) (g/L). Variable Name: LBDAPBSI. SAS Label: Apolipoprotein (B) (g/L). English Text: Apolipoprotein ... A crossover study was performed to compare the 2007-2008 Apolipoprotein B data to the 2005-2006 Apolipoprotein B data. The Dade ... Apolipoprotein B (ApoB_E) Data File: ApoB_E.xpt First Published: July 2010. Last Revised: NA Note: See Analytic Note on ...
wwwn.cdc.gov
Apolipoprotein expression by murine visceral yolk sac endoderm. - PubMed - NCBIApolipoprotein expression by murine visceral yolk sac endoderm. - PubMed - NCBI
Apolipoprotein expression was examined in the postimplantation mouse embryo. Antibodies directed against murine Apolipoprotein ... No evidence for apolipoprotein expression by other embryonic or extraembryonic tissues at this stage was obtained. ... Apolipoprotein expression by murine visceral yolk sac endoderm.. Shi WK, Heath JK. ... Immunohistochemical staining at sectioned 10.5 days p.c. embryos with anti-Apolipoprotein AI antibodies revealed specific ...
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Literature: Apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II) (IPR006801) | InterPro | EMBL-EBILiterature: Apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II) (IPR006801) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Structures of apolipoprotein A-II and a lipid-surrogate complex provide insights into apolipoprotein-lipid interactions.. Kumar ... Apolipoprotein A-II, HDL metabolism and atherosclerosis.. Tailleux A, Duriez P, Fruchart JC, Clavey V.. Atherosclerosis 164 1- ... Literature: Apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II) (IPR006801). References used in this entry. The following publications were referred ... Purification, primary structure, and antimicrobial activities of bovine apolipoprotein A-II.. Motizuki M, Itoh T, Yamada M, ...
ebi.ac.uk
NHANES 2013-2014: Apolipoprotein B Data Documentation, Codebook, and FrequenciesNHANES 2013-2014: Apolipoprotein B Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies
LBXAPB - Apolipoprotein (B) (mg/dL). Variable Name: LBXAPB. SAS Label: Apolipoprotein (B) (mg/dL). English Text: Apolipoprotein ... LBDAPBSI - Apolipoprotein (B) (g/L). Variable Name: LBDAPBSI. SAS Label: Apolipoprotein (B) (g/L). English Text: Apolipoprotein ... Apolipoprotein (B) (mg/dL). 25.0. Please refer to the NHANES Analytic Guidelines and the on-line NHANES Tutorial for further ... Apolipoprotein B (ApoB_H) Data File: ApoB_H.xpt First Published: February 2016. Last Revised: NA ...
wwwn.cdc.gov
Conversion of apolipoprotein-spec... preview & related info | MendeleyConversion of apolipoprotein-spec... preview & related info | Mendeley
HDL3species containing both apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-II, and HDL3(AI w/o AII), HDL3species containing ... initially with three apolipoprotein A-I, to larger particles with four apolipoprotein A-I per particle. © 1989. ... Conversion of apolipoprotein-specific high-density lipoprotein populations during incubation of human plasma. *Nichols A ... Nichols, A. V., Blanche, P. J., Shore, V. G., & Gong, E. L. (1989). Conversion of apolipoprotein-specific high-density ...
mendeley.com
Apolipoprotein C-I | SpringerLinkApolipoprotein C-I | SpringerLink
ApoC-I ist ein Apolipoprotein der triglyzeridreichen Lipoproteine und High Density Lipoproteine (HDL; s. High Density ... Lackner K.J., Peetz D. (2019) Apolipoprotein C-I. In: Gressner A.M., Arndt T. (eds) Lexikon der Medizinischen ...
link.springer.com
Apolipoproteins | ProSpecApolipoproteins | ProSpec
Apolipoprotein-D Human Recombinant, Human Apolipoprotein-J, Apolipoprotein-J Canine Recombinant ... ProSpecs Apolipoproteins include: Clusterin Human Recombinant, Clusterin Rat Recombinant, ... About Apolipoprotein:. The binding of lipids (soluble oil molecules) and cholesterol to Apoliproteins result in the formation ... 6 main classes of apolipoproteins are APOA, APOB, APOC, APOD, APOE and APOH. APOA1 takes an important role in the return of ...
prospecbio.com
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
ApolipoproteinsApolipoproteins AApolipoproteins CApolipoproteins BApolipoprotein A-IApolipoprotein A-IIApolipoproteins EApolipoprotein C-IIApolipoprotein C-IIILipoproteins, HDLApolipoproteins DLipoproteinsApolipoprotein C-ICholesterolLipoproteins, VLDLTriglyceridesLipidsApolipoprotein B-100Apolipoprotein B-48Cholesterol, HDLLipoproteins, HDL3Tangier DiseasePhosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-AcyltransferaseLipoproteins, LDLNephelometry and TurbidimetryATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1Cholesterol EstersIsoelectric FocusingReceptors, LipoproteinLipid MetabolismChylomicronsCholesterol, LDLPhospholipidsUltracentrifugationHypolipoproteinemiasLipoproteins, HDL2Lipoprotein(a)LymphElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelApoproteinsHyperlipidemiasLiverImmunodiffusionLipoprotein LipaseTrioleinHyperlipoproteinemia Type IVPhosphatidylcholinesKineticsATP-Binding Cassette TransportersHyperlipoproteinemiasApolipoprotein E3Chemistry, ClinicalCholesterol, VLDLHypertriglyceridemiaCholesterol Ester Transfer ProteinsLipoproteins, IDLReference ValuesScavenger Receptors, Class BFreeze DryingEthinyl EstradiolParticle SizeImmunoassaySerum Amyloid A ProteinDietary FatsMicroscopy, ElectronImmunoelectrophoresisHyperlipoproteinemia Type VAbetalipoproteinemiaDimyristoylphosphatidylcholineReceptors, ScavengerAmino Acid SequenceOleic AcidChromatography, GelMolecular WeightArteriosclerosisBiological TransportLipolysisSterol O-AcyltransferaseRats, Inbred StrainsCallitrichinaeHigh-Density Lipoproteins, Pre-betaLipaseLiposomesReceptors, LDLOleic AcidsCarrier ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataLecithin Acyltransferase DeficiencyHyperlipidemia, Familial CombinedProtein BindingAntigens, CD36ButterHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIEsterificationGlycoproteinsEmulsionsSalmonidaeBinding, CompetitiveCholesterol, DietaryReference StandardsIodine RadioisotopesElectrophoresis, Agar GelOilsAnguillaAtherosclerosisChromatography, AgaroseHypolipidemic AgentsCentrifugation, Density GradientHypobetalipoproteinemiasRadioimmunoassayCircular DichroismElectrophoresisProtein Structure, SecondaryTime FactorsDansyl CompoundsPolymorphism, GeneticDyslipidemiasbeta 2-Glycoprotein IBiological MarkersCells, CulturedCoronary DiseaseAcute-Phase ReactionHypercholesterolemiaPhospholipid Transfer ProteinsClusterinProtein ConformationPlacental LactogenFatty AcidsSepharoseAmino AcidsRadioisotope Dilution TechniquePerfusionRisk FactorsHyperlipoproteinemia Type III
ProteinLipoproteinsEntrez GenePlasmaInhibitsDensity lipoproteinPrecursorHomoPhospholipidsExpression of human apolipoproteinAtherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficientModulateMRNAMetabolismNascent20002018GenesAmyloidosisAtheroscleroticLocalizationMass spectrometryLipid and apolipoproteinMutationsVariantsMoleculeBiochemPeptidesPlasma apolipoproteinHuman apolipoproteinsProtein apolipoproteinAntibodiesDeficiency
Protein2
Lipoproteins1
Entrez Gene1
Plasma1
  • Activation of plasma lysolecithin acyltransferase reaction by apolipoproteins A-I, C-I and E." Biochim. (academybiomed.com)
Inhibits1
Density lipoprotein1
Precursor2
Homo1
Phospholipids1
  • We now report the cloning, expression, and purification of apo A-I derived from zebrafish (Danio rerio), which combines with phospholipids to form similar discoidal bilayers and may prove to be superior to human apo A-I constructs for rapid reconstitution of seven-transmembrane helix receptors into nanoscale apolipoprotein bound bilayers (NABBs). (nih.gov)
Expression of human apolipoprotein1
  • According to the latest findings, expression of human apolipoprotein E3 (APOE3) isoform in the brain of mice is associated with a potent inhibition of visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation leading to significantly reduced substrate oxidation, increased fat accumulation and obesity. (nih.gov)
Atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient1
Modulate1
  • The present invention relates to methods of use of phosphonate-phosphates and diphosphonates to modulate apolipoprotein E levels and the use of such compounds in therapy, including cardiovascular and neurological disease states. (freepatentsonline.com)
MRNA3
  • C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-4, also known as Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOBEC4 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3H, also known as Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3H or APOBEC-related protein 10, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOBEC3H gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mammalian apolipoprotein B mRNA undergoes site-specific C to U deamination, which is mediated by a multi-component enzyme complex containing a minimal core composed of APOBEC1 and a complementation factor encoded by this gene. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolism4
Nascent1
  • Nascent lipidated apolipoprotein B is transported to the Golgi as an incompletely folded intermediate as probed by its association with network of endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperones, GRP94, ERp72, BiP, calreticulin, and cyclophilin B". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
20002
20181
  • Zivanovic Z, Divjak I, Jovicevic M, Rabi-Zikic T, Radovanovic B, Ruzicka-Kaloci S et al (2018) Association between apolipoproteins AI and B and ultrasound indicators of carotid atherosclerosis. (springer.com)
Genes4
Amyloidosis5
Atherosclerotic2
Localization2
  • Immunohistochemical staining at sectioned 10.5 days p.c. embryos with anti-Apolipoprotein AI antibodies revealed specific localization of immunoreactive material in the yolk sac visceral endoderm. (nih.gov)
  • D.M. Lee and S. Singh, Presence and localization of two intramolecular thiolester linkages in apolipoprotein B, Circulation 76II:286 (1988). (springer.com)
Mass spectrometry1
  • Herein, we describe a highly robust and quantitative method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to quantify apolipoproteins in plasma. (springer.com)
Lipid and apolipoprotein1
  • In conclusion lipid and apolipoprotein distributions in Sicilian newborns are not different from that of other population and there are no differences between males and females. (springer.com)
Mutations1
Variants2
Molecule1
Biochem1
Peptides1
  • Dr. Goldberg is President and Co-Founder of LipimetiX Development, LLC, a biotechnology company developing apolipoprotein E mimetic peptides licensed from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Research Foundation. (springer.com)
Plasma apolipoprotein2
  • OBJECTIVE To determine plasma apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) levels and phenotype distribution in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients and to analyze the influence of apoA-IV phenotype on lipid profiles in NIDDM. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Carriers of T-455C, C-482T, or both (not additive) had a 30% increase in fasting plasma apolipoprotein C3, 60% increase in fasting plasma triglyceride and retinal fatty acid ester, and 46% reduction in plasma triglyceride clearance. (wikipedia.org)
Human apolipoproteins2
Protein apolipoprotein2
Antibodies2
  • Ajeganova S, Ehrnfelt C, Alizadeh R, Rohani M, Jogestrand T, Hafström I et al (2011) Longitudinal levels of apolipoproteins and antibodies against phosphorylcholine are independently associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis 5 years after rheumatoid arthritis onset-a prospective cohort study. (springer.com)
  • We offer Apolipoprotein E3/ApoE3 Antibodies for use in common research applications: Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry, Simple Western, Western Blot. (novusbio.com)
Deficiency1