Apolipoproteins E
A class of protein components which can be found in several lipoproteins including HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and CHYLOMICRONS. Synthesized in most organs, Apo E is important in the global transport of lipids and cholesterol throughout the body. Apo E is also a ligand for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) that mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in cells. There are several allelic isoforms (such as E2, E3, and E4). Deficiency or defects in Apo E are causes of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.
Apolipoprotein E4
A major and the second most common isoform of apolipoprotein E. In humans, Apo E4 differs from APOLIPOPROTEIN E3 at only one residue 112 (cysteine is replaced by arginine), and exhibits a lower resistance to denaturation and greater propensity to form folded intermediates. Apo E4 is a risk factor for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.
Apolipoprotein E3
A 34-kDa glycosylated protein. A major and most common isoform of apolipoprotein E. Therefore, it is also known as apolipoprotein E (ApoE). In human, Apo E3 is a 299-amino acid protein with a cysteine at the 112 and an arginine at the 158 position. It is involved with the transport of TRIGLYCERIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and CHOLESTERYL ESTERS in and out of the cells.
Apolipoprotein E2
One of three major isoforms of apolipoprotein E. In humans, Apo E2 differs from APOLIPOPROTEIN E3 at one residue 158 where arginine is replaced by cysteine (R158--C). In contrast to Apo E3, Apo E2 displays extremely low binding affinity for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) which mediate the internalization and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in liver cells. ApoE2 allelic homozygosity is associated with HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.
Apolipoprotein A-I
The most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. This protein serves as an acceptor for CHOLESTEROL released from cells thus promoting efflux of cholesterol to HDL then to the LIVER for excretion from the body (reverse cholesterol transport). It also acts as a cofactor for LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE that forms CHOLESTEROL ESTERS on the HDL particles. Mutations of this gene APOA1 cause HDL deficiency, such as in FAMILIAL ALPHA LIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE and in some patients with TANGIER DISEASE.
Apolipoprotein B-100
Apolipoproteins B
Major structural proteins of triacylglycerol-rich LIPOPROTEINS. There are two forms, apolipoprotein B-100 and apolipoprotein B-48, both derived from a single gene. ApoB-100 expressed in the liver is found in low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). ApoB-48 expressed in the intestine is found in CHYLOMICRONS. They are important in the biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Plasma Apo-B levels are high in atherosclerotic patients but non-detectable in ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA.
Apolipoproteins
Protein components on the surface of LIPOPROTEINS. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and LIPID METABOLISM. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the LIVER and the INTESTINES.
Apolipoprotein C-III
A 9-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and CHYLOMICRON REMNANTS. Apo C-III, synthesized in the liver, is an inhibitor of LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE. Apo C-III modulates the binding of chylomicron remnants and VLDL to receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) thus decreases the uptake of triglyceride-rich particles by the liver cells and subsequent degradation. The normal Apo C-III is glycosylated. There are several polymorphic forms with varying amounts of SIALIC ACID (Apo C-III-0, Apo C-III-1, and Apo C-III-2).
Apolipoprotein C-I
A 6.6-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. Apo C-I displaces APO E from lipoproteins, modulate their binding to receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL), and thereby decrease their clearance from plasma. Elevated Apo C-I levels are associated with HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.
Apolipoprotein A-II
The second most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. It has a high lipid affinity and is known to displace APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I from HDL particles and generates a stable HDL complex. ApoA-II can modulate the activation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE in the presence of APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I, thus affecting HDL metabolism.
Apolipoprotein C-II
A 9-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. It contains a cofactor for LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE and activates several triacylglycerol lipases. The association of Apo C-II with plasma CHYLOMICRONS; VLDL, and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS is reversible and changes rapidly as a function of triglyceride metabolism. Clinically, Apo C-II deficiency is similar to lipoprotein lipase deficiency (HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE I) and is therefore called hyperlipoproteinemia type IB.
Apolipoproteins A
Structural proteins of the alpha-lipoproteins (HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS), including APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I and APOLIPOPROTEIN A-II. They can modulate the activity of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE. These apolipoproteins are low in atherosclerotic patients. They are either absent or present in extremely low plasma concentration in TANGIER DISEASE.
Apolipoprotein B-48
A 241-kDa protein synthesized only in the INTESTINES. It serves as a structural protein of CHYLOMICRONS. Its exclusive association with chylomicron particles provides an indicator of intestinally derived lipoproteins in circulation. Apo B-48 is a shortened form of apo B-100 and lacks the LDL-receptor region.
Cholesterol
Apolipoproteins C
A group of apolipoproteins that can readily exchange among the various classes of lipoproteins (HDL; VLDL; CHYLOMICRONS). After lipolysis of TRIGLYCERIDES on VLDL and chylomicrons, Apo-C proteins are normally transferred to HDL. The subtypes can modulate remnant binding to receptors, LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE, or LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE.
Lipoproteins, VLDL
A class of lipoproteins of very light (0.93-1.006 g/ml) large size (30-80 nm) particles with a core composed mainly of TRIGLYCERIDES and a surface monolayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL into which are imbedded the apolipoproteins B, E, and C. VLDL facilitates the transport of endogenously made triglycerides to extrahepatic tissues. As triglycerides and Apo C are removed, VLDL is converted to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS from which cholesterol is delivered to the extrahepatic tissues.
Lipoproteins
Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.
Lipoproteins, HDL
A class of lipoproteins of small size (4-13 nm) and dense (greater than 1.063 g/ml) particles. HDL lipoproteins, synthesized in the liver without a lipid core, accumulate cholesterol esters from peripheral tissues and transport them to the liver for re-utilization or elimination from the body (the reverse cholesterol transport). Their major protein component is APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I. HDL also shuttle APOLIPOPROTEINS C and APOLIPOPROTEINS E to and from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during their catabolism. HDL plasma level has been inversely correlated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Receptors, LDL
Receptors on the plasma membrane of nonhepatic cells that specifically bind LDL. The receptors are localized in specialized regions called coated pits. Hypercholesteremia is caused by an allelic genetic defect of three types: 1, receptors do not bind to LDL; 2, there is reduced binding of LDL; and 3, there is normal binding but no internalization of LDL. In consequence, entry of cholesterol esters into the cell is impaired and the intracellular feedback by cholesterol on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase is lacking.
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III
An autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL or broad-beta-lipoprotein). IDL has a CHOLESTEROL to TRIGLYCERIDES ratio greater than that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. This disorder is due to mutation of APOLIPOPROTEINS E, a receptor-binding component of VLDL and CHYLOMICRONS, resulting in their reduced clearance and high plasma levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides.
Genotype
Lipids
A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Atherosclerosis
Alleles
Arteriosclerosis
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Apoprotein(a)
A large and highly glycosylated protein constituent of LIPOPROTEIN (A). It has very little affinity for lipids but forms disulfide-linkage to APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100. Apoprotein(a) has SERINE PROTEINASE activity and can be of varying sizes from 400- to 800-kDa. It is homologous to PLASMINOGEN and is known to modulate THROMBOSIS and FIBRINOLYSIS.
Lipoproteins, LDL
A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.
Hyperlipoproteinemias
Receptors, Lipoprotein
Cell surface proteins that bind lipoproteins with high affinity. Lipoprotein receptors in the liver and peripheral tissues mediate the regulation of plasma and cellular cholesterol metabolism and concentration. The receptors generally recognize the apolipoproteins of the lipoprotein complex, and binding is often a trigger for endocytosis.
Polymorphism, Genetic
The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.
Lipoprotein(a)
A lipoprotein that resembles the LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS but with an extra protein moiety, APOPROTEIN (A) also known as APOLIPOPROTEIN (A), linked to APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100 on the LDL by one or two disulfide bonds. High plasma level of lipoprotein (a) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
LDL-Receptor Related Proteins
Apolipoproteins D
A glycoprotein component of HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS that transports small hydrophobic ligands including CHOLESTEROL and STEROLS. It occurs in the macromolecular complex with LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE. Apo D is expressed in and secreted from a variety of tissues such as liver, placenta, brain tissue and others.
Cholesterol, HDL
Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1
Liver
Amyloid beta-Peptides
Peptides generated from AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES PRECURSOR. An amyloid fibrillar form of these peptides is the major component of amyloid plaques found in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and in aged individuals with trisomy 21 (DOWN SYNDROME). The peptide is found predominantly in the nervous system, but there have been reports of its presence in non-neural tissue.
Cholesterol, LDL
Lipid Metabolism
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1
Gene Frequency
Chylomicrons
Hypercholesterolemia
Mice, Transgenic
Lipoprotein Lipase
An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. The enzyme hydrolyzes triacylglycerols in chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and diacylglycerols. It occurs on capillary endothelial surfaces, especially in mammary, muscle, and adipose tissue. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme causes familial hyperlipoproteinemia Type I. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.34.
Cholesterol Esters
Cholesterol, VLDL
Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). High circulating levels of VLDL cholesterol are found in HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE IIB. The cholesterol on the VLDL is eventually delivered by LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS to the tissues after the catabolism of VLDL to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LDL.
Heterozygote
Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase
An enzyme secreted from the liver into the plasma of many mammalian species. It catalyzes the esterification of the hydroxyl group of lipoprotein cholesterol by the transfer of a fatty acid from the C-2 position of lecithin. In familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency disease, the absence of the enzyme results in an excess of unesterified cholesterol in plasma. EC 2.3.1.43.
Phenotype
Isoelectric Focusing
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Lipoproteins, IDL
A mixture of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), particularly the triglyceride-poor VLDL, with slow diffuse electrophoretic mobilities in the beta and alpha2 regions which are similar to that of beta-lipoproteins (LDL) or alpha-lipoproteins (HDL). They can be intermediate (remnant) lipoproteins in the de-lipidation process, or remnants of mutant CHYLOMICRONS and VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS which cannot be metabolized completely as seen in FAMILIAL DYSBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Hypolipoproteinemias
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Disease Models, Animal
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Dietary Fats
Base Sequence
Cells, Cultured
Clusterin
Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type V
A severe type of hyperlipidemia, sometimes familial, that is characterized by the elevation of both plasma CHYLOMICRONS and TRIGLYCERIDES contained in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. Type V hyperlipoproteinemia is often associated with DIABETES MELLITUS and is not caused by reduced LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE activity as in HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE I .
Protein Isoforms
Risk Factors
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or familial disorders characterized by AMYLOID deposits in the walls of small and medium sized blood vessels of CEREBRAL CORTEX and MENINGES. Clinical features include multiple, small lobar CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; cerebral ischemia (BRAIN ISCHEMIA); and CEREBRAL INFARCTION. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is unrelated to generalized AMYLOIDOSIS. Amyloidogenic peptides in this condition are nearly always the same ones found in ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (from Kumar: Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed., 2005)
Peptide Fragments
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV
A hypertriglyceridemia disorder, often with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the persistent elevations of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES, endogenously synthesized and contained predominantly in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). In contrast, the plasma CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS usually remain within normal limits.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
Phospholipids
Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.
Amino Acid Sequence
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Protein Binding
Hypobetalipoproteinemias
Conditions with abnormally low levels of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL) in the blood. It is defined as LDL values equal to or less than the 5th percentile for the population. They include the autosomal dominant form involving mutation of the APOLIPOPROTEINS B gene, and the autosomal recessive form involving mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. All are characterized by low LDL and dietary fat malabsorption.
Gene Expression Regulation
Brachiocephalic Trunk
Cognition Disorders
Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins
Lipase
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.
Age of Onset
Lipoproteins, HDL3
Reference Values
Neurofibrillary Tangles
Abnormal structures located in various parts of the brain and composed of dense arrays of paired helical filaments (neurofilaments and microtubules). These double helical stacks of transverse subunits are twisted into left-handed ribbon-like filaments that likely incorporate the following proteins: (1) the intermediate filaments: medium- and high-molecular-weight neurofilaments; (2) the microtubule-associated proteins map-2 and tau; (3) actin; and (4) UBIQUITINS. As one of the hallmarks of ALZHEIMER DISEASE, the neurofibrillary tangles eventually occupy the whole of the cytoplasm in certain classes of cell in the neocortex, hippocampus, brain stem, and diencephalon. The number of these tangles, as seen in post mortem histology, correlates with the degree of dementia during life. Some studies suggest that tangle antigens leak into the systemic circulation both in the course of normal aging and in cases of Alzheimer disease.
Scavenger Receptors, Class B
Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor
Kringles
Triple-looped protein domains linked by disulfide bonds. These common structural domains, so-named for their resemblance to Danish pastries known as kringlers, play a role in binding membranes, proteins, and phospholipids as well as in regulating proteolysis. Kringles are also present in coagulation-related and fibrinolytic proteins and other plasma proteinases.
Neuropsychological Tests
Aging
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Ultracentrifugation
Case-Control Studies
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Tangier Disease
An autosomal recessively inherited disorder caused by mutation of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS involved in cellular cholesterol removal (reverse-cholesterol transport). It is characterized by near absence of ALPHA-LIPOPROTEINS (high-density lipoproteins) in blood. The massive tissue deposition of cholesterol esters results in HEPATOMEGALY; SPLENOMEGALY; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; large orange tonsils; and often sensory POLYNEUROPATHY. The disorder was first found among inhabitants of Tangier Island in the Chesapeake Bay, MD.
Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined
Dementia, Vascular
Serum Amyloid A Protein
Mutation
Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Receptors, Scavenger
A large group of structurally diverse cell surface receptors that mediate endocytic uptake of modified LIPOPROTEINS. Scavenger receptors are expressed by MYELOID CELLS and some ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, and were originally characterized based on their ability to bind acetylated LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. They can also bind a variety of other polyanionic ligand. Certain scavenger receptors can internalize micro-organisms as well as apoptotic cells.
Immunohistochemistry
Macrophages, Peritoneal
Gene Expression
Carrier Proteins
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
Blotting, Western
Cysteamine
A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.
Lipolysis
The metabolic process of breaking down LIPIDS to release FREE FATTY ACIDS, the major oxidative fuel for the body. Lipolysis may involve dietary lipids in the DIGESTIVE TRACT, circulating lipids in the BLOOD, and stored lipids in the ADIPOSE TISSUE or the LIVER. A number of enzymes are involved in such lipid hydrolysis, such as LIPASE and LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE from various tissues.
High-Density Lipoproteins, Pre-beta
A highly dense subclass of the high-density lipoproteins, with particle sizes below 7 nm. They are also known as nascent HDL, composed of a few APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I molecules which are complexed with PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The lipid-poor pre-beta-HDL particles serve as progenitors of HDL3 and then HDL2 after absorption of free cholesterol from cell membranes, cholesterol esterification, and acquisition of apolipoproteins A-II, Cs, and E. Pre-beta-HDL initiate the reverse cholesterol transport process from cells to liver.
Heparin Lyase
An enzyme of the isomerase class that catalyzes the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing 1,4-linked D-glucuronate or L-iduronate residues and 1,4-alpha-linked 2-sulfoamino-2-deoxy-6-sulfo-D-glucose residues to give oligosaccharides with terminal 4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.2.2.7.
Aryldialkylphosphatase
An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of an aryl-dialkyl phosphate to form dialkyl phosphate and an aryl alcohol. It can hydrolyze a broad spectrum of organophosphate substrates and a number of aromatic carboxylic acid esters. It may also mediate an enzymatic protection of LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS against oxidative modification and the consequent series of events leading to ATHEROMA formation. The enzyme was previously regarded to be identical with Arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2).
Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
Disease Progression
Phosphatidylcholines
Biological Transport
Hypolipidemic Agents
tau Proteins
Microtubule-associated proteins that are mainly expressed in neurons. Tau proteins constitute several isoforms and play an important role in the assembly of tubulin monomers into microtubules and in maintaining the cytoskeleton and axonal transport. Aggregation of specific sets of tau proteins in filamentous inclusions is the common feature of intraneuronal and glial fibrillar lesions (NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; NEUROPIL THREADS) in numerous neurodegenerative disorders (ALZHEIMER DISEASE; TAUOPATHIES).
Chylomicron Remnants
Metabolic products of chylomicron particles in which TRIGLYCERIDES have been selectively removed by the LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE. These remnants carry dietary lipids in the blood and are cholesterol-rich. Their interactions with MACROPHAGES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; and SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS in the artery wall can lead to ATHEROSCLEROSIS.
Rabbits
Cytidine Deaminase
Glycoproteins
Dyslipidemias
Heparin
A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.
Coronary Disease
Abetalipoproteinemia
An autosomal recessive disorder of lipid metabolism. It is caused by mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein that catalyzes the transport of lipids (TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS) and is required in the secretion of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL). Features include defective intestinal lipid absorption, very low serum cholesterol level, and near absent LDL.
Protein Structure, Secondary
Amyloid
A fibrous protein complex that consists of proteins folded into a specific cross beta-pleated sheet structure. This fibrillar structure has been found as an alternative folding pattern for a variety of functional proteins. Deposits of amyloid in the form of AMYLOID PLAQUES are associated with a variety of degenerative diseases. The amyloid structure has also been found in a number of functional proteins that are unrelated to disease.
Antigens, CD36
Leukocyte differentiation antigens and major platelet membrane glycoproteins present on MONOCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; PLATELETS; and mammary EPITHELIAL CELLS. They play major roles in CELL ADHESION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; and regulation of angiogenesis. CD36 is a receptor for THROMBOSPONDINS and can act as a scavenger receptor that recognizes and transports oxidized LIPOPROTEINS and FATTY ACIDS.
Circular Dichroism
Emulsions
Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.
RNA Editing
A process that changes the nucleotide sequence of mRNA from that of the DNA template encoding it. Some major classes of RNA editing are as follows: 1, the conversion of cytosine to uracil in mRNA; 2, the addition of variable number of guanines at pre-determined sites; and 3, the addition and deletion of uracils, templated by guide-RNAs (RNA, GUIDE).
Immunoblotting
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Transfection
Mild Cognitive Impairment
Age Factors
Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.
Receptors, Immunologic
Binding, Competitive
Carotid Arteries
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
Cytokine-induced cell adhesion molecule present on activated endothelial cells, tissue macrophages, dendritic cells, bone marrow fibroblasts, myoblasts, and myotubes. It is important for the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. (From Pigott & Power, The Adhesion Molecule FactsBook, 1993, p154)
Pedigree
Sterol O-Acyltransferase
Nephelometry and Turbidimetry
Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.
Genetic Testing
Analysis of Variance
Xanthomatosis
A condition marked by the development of widespread xanthomas, yellow tumor-like structures filled with lipid deposits. Xanthomas can be found in a variety of tissues including the SKIN; TENDONS; joints of KNEES and ELBOWS. Xanthomatosis is associated with disturbance of LIPID METABOLISM and formation of FOAM CELLS.
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Lecithin Acyltransferase Deficiency
An autosomal recessively inherited disorder caused by mutation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE that facilitates the esterification of lipoprotein cholesterol and subsequent removal from peripheral tissues to the liver. This defect results in low HDL-cholesterol level in blood and accumulation of free cholesterol in tissue leading to a triad of CORNEAL OPACITY, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), and PROTEINURIA.
Cohort Studies
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
Sex Factors
Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.
Astrocytes
A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Inflammation
Chromatography, Gel
Probucol
Tunica Intima
Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal
Surface ligands that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion and function in the assembly and interconnection of the vertebrate nervous system. These molecules promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism. These are not to be confused with NEURAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULES, now known to be expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types in addition to nervous tissue.
Aorta, Thoracic
Monocytes
Hepatocytes
DNA Primers
Gene Knock-In Techniques
Sex Characteristics
Binding Sites
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Competition of Abeta amyloid peptide and apolipoprotein E for receptor-mediated endocytosis. (1/343)
The genetic polymorphism of apolipoprotein E (apoE) is associated with the age of onset and relative risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In contrast to apoE3, the wild type allele, apoE4 confers an increased risk of late-onset AD. We demonstrate that the beta-amyloid peptide isoforms Abeta (1-28), Abeta (1-40), and Abeta (1-43) compete for the cellular metabolism of apoE3 and apoE4 containing beta-very low density lipoproteins. An antibody raised against Abeta (1-28) cross-reacted with recombinant apoE. Epitope mapping revealed positive amino acid clusters as common epitopes of Abeta (13 through 17; HHQKL) and apoE (residues 144 through 148; LRKRL), both regions known to be heparin binding domains. Abeta in which amino acids 13 through 17 (HHQKL) were replaced by glycine (GGQGL) failed to compete with the cellular uptake of apoE enriched betaVLDL. These observations indicate that Abeta and apoE are taken up into cells by a common pathway involving heparan sulfate proteoglycans. (+info)Apo E phenotype and changes in serum lipids in adult patients during growth hormone replacement. (2/343)
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether apo E phenotype influences changes in lipid profiles induced by growth hormone replacement in growth hormone (GH)-deficient adults. DESIGNS: Patients were treated for 6 months with recombinant human GH (hGH), given in a dose of 0.125 U/kg per week for 4 weeks followed by 0.25 U/kg per week thereafter. The effects on serum lipids and the influence of apo E phenotype were examined. METHODS: Thirty patients (aged 35.1+/-11.8 years: mean +/- S.D.) with adult growth hormone deficiency with included in the study. Fasting serum samples were analysed for apo E phenotype total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and IGF-I. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was calculated using the Friedwald formula. RESULTS: Six months of replacement treatment with hGH resulted in a reduction in HDL-cholesterol from 0.90+/-0.10 to 0.68+/-0.08 mmol/l (P<0.01), and a small, non-significant reduction in total cholesterol from 6.14+/-0.40 to 5.99+/-0.35 mmol/l (P = 0.06). There was no significant change in the other lipid parameters. The decrease in HDL-cholesterol concentration was greater in patients carrying the apo E2 allele (0.40+/-0.07 mmol/l, P<0.05) than in patients homozygous for the apo E3 allele (0.23+/-0.04 mmol/l) and patients carrying the apo E4 allele (0.15+/-0.36 mmol/l). Patients with the apo E4 allele had lower baseline cholesterol concentrations than patients lacking the apo E4 allele, and this persisted after treatment with hGH (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Apo E phenotype may be a determining factor in the response of HDL-cholesterol to hGH in GH-deficient adults. (+info)Comparison of the LDL-receptor binding of VLDL and LDL from apoE4 and apoE3 homozygotes. (3/343)
Compared with apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3), apoE2 is less effective in mediating the binding of lipoproteins to the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. The influence of the E4 isoform, which is associated with adverse effects on plasma lipids and coronary heart disease, is less clear. We compared the ability of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL from paired E4/4 and E3/3 subjects to compete against 125I-labeled LDL for binding with the LDL receptor on cultured fibroblasts and Hep G2 cells. The concentrations of VLDL or LDL required to inhibit binding of 125I-LDL by 50% (IC50, microgram apoB/ml) were determined, and results were assessed in terms of an IC50 ratio, E4/4 IC50 relative to E3/3 IC50, to reduce the influence of interassay variability. In Hep G2 cells, E4/4 VLDL was more effective than E3/3 VLDL in competing for the LDL receptor, the IC50 ratio being lower than unity (0.73 +/- 0.31, P < 0.05, two-tailed t-test). IC50 values themselves were marginally lower in E4/4 than E3/3 subjects (3.7 +/- 1.3 vs. 6.1 +/- 3.7, P < 0.08). However, there was no difference between E4/4 and E3/3 VLDL in competing for the LDL receptor on fibroblasts or between E4/4 and E3/3 LDL in competing for the LDL receptor on either cell type. These results suggest that inheritance of apoE4 is associated with an increased affinity of VLDL particles for LDL receptors on hepatocytes and may partly explain the influence of the E4 isoform on lipid metabolism. (+info)Binding of beta-VLDL to heparan sulfate proteoglycans requires lipoprotein lipase, whereas ApoE only modulates binding affinity. (4/343)
The binding of beta-VLDL to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) has been reported to be stimulated by both apoE and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). In the present study we investigated the effect of the isoform and the amount of apoE per particle, as well as the role of LPL on the binding of beta-VLDL to HSPG. Therefore, we isolated beta-VLDL from transgenic mice, expressing either APOE*2(Arg158-->Cys) or APOE*3-Leiden (E2-VLDL and E3Leiden-VLDL, respectively), as well as from apoE-deficient mice containing no apoE at all (Enull-VLDL). In the absence of LPL, the binding affinity and maximal binding capacity of all beta-VLDL samples for HSPG-coated microtiter plates was very low. Addition of LPL to this cell-free system resulted in a 12- to 55-fold increase in the binding affinity and a 7- to 15-fold increase in the maximal binding capacity (Bmax). In the presence of LPL, the association constant (Ka) tended to increase in the order Enull-VLDLApo E structure determines VLDL clearance and atherosclerosis risk in mice. (5/343)
We have generated mice expressing the human apo E4 isoform in place of the endogenous murine apo E protein and have compared them with mice expressing the human apo E3 isoform. Plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels in the mice expressing only the apo E4 isoform (4/4) did not differ significantly from those in mice with the apo E3 isoform (3/3) on chow and were equally elevated in response to increased lipid and cholesterol in their diet. However, on all diets tested, the 4/4 mice had approximately twice the amount of cholesterol, apo E, and apo B-48 in their VLDL as did 3/3 mice. The 4/4 VLDL competed with human LDL for binding to the human LDL receptor slightly better than 3/3 VLDL, but the VLDL clearance rate in 4/4 mice was half that in 3/3 mice. On an atherogenic diet, there was a trend toward greater atherosclerotic plaque size in 4/4 mice compared with 3/3 mice. These data, together with our earlier observations in wild-type and human APOE*2-replacement mice, demonstrate a direct and highly significant correlation between VLDL clearance rate and mean atherosclerotic plaque size. Therefore, differences solely in apo E protein structure are sufficient to cause alterations in VLDL residence time and atherosclerosis risk in mice. (+info)Expression of human apolipoprotein E3 or E4 in the brains of Apoe-/- mice: isoform-specific effects on neurodegeneration. (6/343)
Apolipoprotein (apo) E isoforms are key determinants of susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. The apoE4 isoform is the major known genetic risk factor for this disease and is also associated with poor outcome after acute head trauma or stroke. To test the hypothesis that apoE3, but not apoE4, protects against age-related and excitotoxin-induced neurodegeneration, we analyzed apoE knockout (Apoe-/-) mice expressing similar levels of human apoE3 or apoE4 in the brain under control of the neuron-specific enolase promoter. Neuronal apoE expression was widespread in the brains of these mice. Kainic acid-challenged wild-type or Apoe-/- mice had a significant loss of synaptophysin-positive presynaptic terminals and microtubule-associated protein 2-positive neuronal dendrites in the neocortex and hippocampus, and a disruption of neurofilament-positive axons in the hippocampus. Expression of apoE3, but not of apoE4, protected against this excitotoxin-induced neuronal damage. ApoE3, but not apoE4, also protected against the age-dependent neurodegeneration seen in Apoe-/- mice. These differences in the effects of apoE isoforms on neuronal integrity may relate to the increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and to the poor outcome after head trauma and stroke associated with apoE4 in humans. (+info)Age-dependent association of apolipoprotein E genotype with coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in middle-aged men: an autopsy study. (7/343)
BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism is one of the genetic determinants of serum cholesterol values. The apoE epsilon4 allele has been associated with advanced coronary heart disease (CHD) diagnosed by angiography, but the role of the apoE genotype in atherosclerosis has not been confirmed at vessel-wall level, nor is any age-dependent effect of the apoE genotype on the development of CHD known. METHODS AND RESULTS: The right and left anterior descending coronary arteries (RCA and LAD) and the aorta from 700 male autopsy cases (Helsinki Sudden Death Study) in 1981-1982 and 1991-1992 (average age 53 years, range 33 to 70 years) were stained for fat, and all areas covered with fatty streaks, fibrotic plaques, and complicated lesions were measured. In the RCA and LAD, the apoE genotype was significantly associated with the area of total atherosclerotic lesions in men <53 years old but not with that in older men (P=0.0085 and P=0.041, respectively, for age-by-genotype interaction). Men <53 years old with the epsilon4/3 genotype showed 61% larger total atherosclerotic lesion area in the RCA (P=0.0027) and 26% larger area in the LAD (P=0.12) than did men with the epsilon3/3. The apoE epsilon4/3 was also associated with atherosclerotic lesions in the abdominal (P=0.014) and thoracic (P=0.12) aorta, but this effect, unlike that of the coronary arteries, was not age-related. CONCLUSIONS: In men, the apoE epsilon4 allele is a significant genetic risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis in early middle age. This suggests that at older age, other known risk factors of CHD play a more important role in the atherosclerotic process than apoE polymorphisms. (+info)Alimentary lipemia, postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and common carotid intima-media thickness in healthy, middle-aged men. (8/343)
BACKGROUND: Alimentary lipemia has been associated with coronary heart disease and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). This study was designed to investigate the relations of subclasses of postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) with IMT. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ninety-six healthy 50-year-old men with an apolipoprotein (apo) E3/E3 genotype underwent an oral fat tolerance test and B-mode carotid ultrasound examination. The apo B-48 and apo B-100 contents of each fraction of TRLs were determined as a measure of chylomicron remnant and VLDL particle concentrations. In the fasting state, LDL cholesterol (P<0.05) and basal proinsulin (P<0. 05) were significantly related to IMT, whereas HDL cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, and insulin were not. In the postprandial state, plasma triglycerides at 1 to 4 hours (P<0.01 at 2 hours), total triglyceride area under the curve (AUC) (P<0.05), incremental triglyceride AUC (P<0.01), and the large VLDL (Sf 60 to 400 apo B-100) concentration at 3 hours (P<0.05) were significantly related to IMT. Multivariate analyses showed that plasma triglycerides at 2 hours, LDL cholesterol, and basal proinsulin were consistently and independently related to IMT when cumulative tobacco consumption, alcohol intake, waist-to-hip circumference ratio, and systolic blood pressure were included as confounders. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide further evidence for postprandial triglyceridemia as an independent risk factor for early atherosclerosis and also suggest that the postprandial triglyceridemia is a better predictor of IMT than particle concentrations of individual TRLs. (+info)
Anti-MCP-1 Gene Therapy Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation and Attenuates Vein Graft Thickening Both In Vitro...
Maternal high-fat feeding in pregnancy programmes atherosclerotic lesion size in the ApoE*3 Leiden mouse - Nottingham ePrints
Atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden Transgenic Mice | Circulation
Human apolipoprotein E4 targeted replacement mice show increased prevalence of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with...
Frontiers | P300/CBP Associated Factor (PCAF) Deficiency Enhances Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in ApoE3*Leiden Mice via...
Expression of human apolipoprotein E3 or E4 in the brains of Apoe-/- mice: isoform-specific effects on neurodegeneration
Blocking the apoE/Aβ interaction ameliorates Aβ-related pathology in APOE ε2 and ε4 targeted replacement Alzheimer model mice |...
Gentaur Molecular :Reliatech \ Human ApoE2 Source E. coli \ 100-124
PeproTech. Recombinant Human ApoE4
Expression of Human Apolipoprotein E Downregulates Amyloid Precursor Protein-Induced Ischemic Susceptibility | Stroke
Abca1 Deficiency Affects Alzheimers Disease-Like Phenotype in Human ApoE4 But Not in ApoE3-Targeted Replacement Mice | Journal...
Oncostatin M reduces atherosclerosis development in APOE*3Leiden.CETP mice and is associated with increased survival...
Book Expression of human apolipoprotein E₄ in the central nervous system of transgenic mice by Ina Tesseur Download PDF EPUB FB2
TNO Repository search for: subject:Lipoproteins, VLDL
Avian and murine lr8b and human apolipoprotein E receptor 2: Differentially spliced products from corresponding genes<...
anti-APOE antibody | anti-Mouse Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) Polyclonal Antibody-P02649.1
SpectraCell Laboratories Offers Apolipoprotein E Genetic Testing
Variations in apolipoprotein e frequency with age in a pooled analysis of a large group of older people<...
ALZFORUM | NETWORKING FOR A CURE
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City Hotel Nieuw Minerva Leiden, Netherlands - Booking.com
Sieboldhuis (Leiden) - All You Need to Know Before You Go (with Photos) - TripAdvisor
RaMa-SCENE - Universiteit Leiden
Societal impact - Leiden University
The effect of APOE genotype on brain levels of oxysterols in young and old human APOE ε2,ε3 and ε4 knock-in mice | ScholarBank...
Quantification of total apolipoprotein E and its isoforms in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neurodegenerative diseases ...
Associations between apolipoprotein E genotypes and serum levels of gl | CIA
Type III hyperlipoproteinemia and spontaneous atherosclerosis in mice resulting from gene replacement of mouse Apoe with human...
Expression of the human apolipoprotein E gene suppresses steroidogenesis in mouse Y1 adrenal cells. | PNAS
Apolipoprotein E Genotype Does Not Affect the Changes in Serum Lipids by CL Meckes, NM Moyna et al.
A non-invasive, rapid screening method for Alzheimer... ( The apolipoprotein E gene ε4 all...)
deCODE Discovers Major Genetic Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes | deCODE genetics
Sex-dependent calcium hyperactivity due to lysosomal-related dysfunction in astrocytes from APOE4 versus APOE3 gene targeted...
Apolipoprotein E 抗体(FITC)|Abcam中国|Anti-Apolipoprotein E 抗体(FITC)
mylab | 細胞因子 / APOE4 Human; Apolipoprotein E4 Human Recombinant 100µg
Apolipoprotein E/ApoE Antibody (WUE-4) [DyLight 650] (NB110-60531C): Novus Biologicals
Book Golden Tulip Leiden Centre in Leiden | Hotels.com
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APOE (Human) ELISA Kit - (KA4736) - Products - Abnova
Genetic variant determines prognosis after heart attack
Leiden breakthrough in research on nanotherapy - Leiden University
APOE formation and its role in redistribution of lipids | Open-i
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Präoperative Epilepsiediagnostik und Epilepsiechirurgie | SpringerLink
Apolipoprotein e metabolism and functions in brain and its role in Alzheimers disease<...
The role of apolipoprotein E isoform and reactive oxygen species on th by Laura E. Villasana
Full text] Role of apolipoprotein E in neurodegenerative diseases | NDT
Effect of Dietary Fat on LDL Size Influenced by Apolipoprotein E Genotype in Healthy Subjects - Lifestyle - LONGECITY
Investigation of sex-specific effects of apolipoprotein E on severity of EAE and MS | Journal of Neuroinflammation | Full Text
Large-scale evidence that the cardiotoxicity of smoking is not significantly modified by the apolipoprotein E epsilon2/epsilon3...
ApoE isoforms differentially regulates cleavage and secretion of BDNF | Molecular Brain | Full Text
Volume 70, Number 3, 2019 | Journal of Alzheimers Disease
Mouse Apolipoprotein E ELISA Kit (ab215086) | Abcam
Physiological relevance of apolipoprotein E recycling: Studies in primary mouse hepatocytes - Fingerprint
- Oregon Health ...
Gentaur Molecular :Meridian Life Science \ Goat anti Apolipoprotein E \ G5C27-766
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AG16714
SYNLAB En: APOLIPOPROTEIN E, SERUM
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Apolipoprotein C2
7 A3,7 9.94 cM. Start. 19,671,579 bp[2]. End. 19,677,941 bp[2]. ... Apolipoprotein C2 or apolipoprotein C-II is a protein that in ... "A nonsense mutation in the apolipoprotein C-IIPadova gene in a patient with apolipoprotein C-II deficiency". J. Clin. Invest. ... Familial apolipoprotein CII deficiency associated with premature vascular disease". J. Clin. Invest. 80 (6): 1597-606. doi: ... "Structure of apolipoprotein C-IIToronto, a nonfunctional human apolipoprotein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (1): 270-3. ...
Reelin
All members of this family are receptors for Apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Therefore, they are often synonymously referred to as ' ... ApoE receptors'. ApoE occurs in 3 common isoforms (E2, E3, E4) in the human population. ApoE4 is the primary genetic risk ... Andersen OM, Benhayon D, Curran T, Willnow TE (August 2003). "Differential binding of ligands to the apolipoprotein E receptor ... Herz J, Beffert U (October 2000). "Apolipoprotein E receptors: linking brain development and Alzheimer's disease". Nature ...
Hepatitis C virus
E1 serves as the fusogenic subunit and E2 acts as the receptor binding protein. E1 has 4-5 N-linked glycans and E2 has 11 N- ... Recent research indicates that these apolipoproteins interact with scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1). SR-B1 is able to remove ... is highly hydrophobic and acts as a signal sequence for E1 envelope protein. Both envelope proteins (E1 and E2) are highly ... E1 and E2 are covalently bonded when embedded in the envelope of HCV and are stabilized by disulfide bonds. E2 is globular and ...
Differential effects
BP Nathan, S Bellosta, DA Sanan, KH Weisgraber, RW Mahley, RE Pitas (6 May 1994). "Differential effects of apolipoproteins E3 ... The differential effects of apolipoproteins E3 and E4 were also examined on neuronal growth in vitro. Randomization Causality ...
Chromosome 19
Gene map locus 19q13.12 BCKDHA: Branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1, alpha polypeptide (maple syrup urine disease). Gene ... map location 19q13.1-q13.2 APOE: Apolipoprotein E, gene associated with Alzheimer's disease. Gene map locus 19q13.2 CIC: ...
Neurodegeneration
37: 209.e1-209.e7. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.09.014. PMC 4688052. PMID 26601739. Schmidt, Nele; Paschen, Laura; Witt, ... October 2010). "Membrane curvature induction and tubulation are common features of synucleins and apolipoproteins". The Journal ... alpha-synuclein can also form lipoprotein nanoparticles similar to apolipoproteins. The most common form of cell death in ...
Japanese Americans
Also, research has been put on concerning apolipoprotein E genotypes; this polymorphism has three alleles (*e2, *e3, and *e4) ... Specifically too, the apolipoprotein *e4 allele is linked to Alzheimer's disease as well. Also, there is increased coronary ...
Apolipoproteína E, a enciclopedia libre
Moriyama K, Sasaki J, Matsunaga A, Arakawa F, Takada Y, Araki K, Kaneko S, Arakawa K (Sep 1992). "Apolipoprotein E1 Lys-146---- ... "Entrez Gene: APOE apolipoprotein E".. *↑ Liu CC, Liu CC, Kanekiyo T, Xu H, Bu G (Feb 2013). "Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer ... E3 (rs429358) ten unha frecuencia alélica de aproximadamente o 79 %.[14] Considérase o xenotipo de Apo E "neutro". ... "Alzheimer Research Forum: Meta-Analyses of apolipoprotein E AD Association Studies".. *↑ Weisgraber KH, Innerarity TL, Mahley ...
Kromosomang 19 (tao), ang malayang ensiklopedya
APOE: Apolipoprotein E, gene associated with Alzheimer's disease. *BCKDHA: Branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1, alpha ...
Apolipoprotein
ApoA1 and ApoA4 are part of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster on chromosome 11. Hundreds of genetic polymorphisms of the ... apolipoprotein D apolipoprotein E apolipoprotein F apolipoprotein H apolipoprotein L apolipoprotein M apolipoprotein(a) ... apolipoprotein A (apoA1, apoA2, apoA4, and apolipoprotein A-V (apoA5)) apolipoprotein B (apo B48 and apo B100) apolipoprotein C ... Apolipoprotein F (apoF) is one of the minor apolipoprotein in blood plasma and it is a lipid transfer inhibit protein to ...
Apolipoprotein D
Other ApoD ligands include E-3-methyl-2-hexenoïc acid, a molecule present in axillary secretions; retinoic acid which is ... Identification of apolipoprotein D, apolipoprotein A-IV, apolipoprotein E, and apolipoprotein A-I". The Journal of Biological ... "Entrez Gene: APOD apolipoprotein D". Muffat J, Walker DW (January 2010). "Apolipoprotein D: an overview of its role in aging ... Apolipoprotein D (Apo-D) is a component of high-density lipoprotein that has no marked similarity to other apolipoprotein ...
Apolipoprotein E
September 1992). "Apolipoprotein E1 Lys-146----Glu with type III hyperlipoproteinemia". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1128 (1 ... "Entrez Gene: APOE apolipoprotein E". Liu CC, Liu CC, Kanekiyo T, Xu H, Bu G (February 2013). "Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer ... The gene, APOE, is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) and the apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2). The ... "Genetic studies of human apolipoproteins. X. The effect of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism on quantitative levels of ...
Apolipoprotein C-III
... and polymorphisms of the human apolipoprotein A4 gene (APOA4)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United ... Apolipoprotein C-III also known as apo-CIII, and apolipoprotein C3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC3 gene. ... Karathanasis SK (Oct 1985). "Apolipoprotein multigene family: tandem organization of human apolipoprotein AI, CIII, and AIV ... Apolipoprotein+C-III at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Human APOC3 genome location and ...
Apolipoprotein C4
7 A3,7 9.94 cM. Start. 19,678,083 bp[2]. End. 19,681,479 bp[2]. ... Apolipoprotein C-IV, also known as apolipoprotein C4, is a ... Apolipoprotein (apo)C4 gene is a member of the apolipoprotein C gene family. It is expressed in the liver and has a predicted ... "Entrez Gene: apolipoprotein C-IV".. *^ Allan CM, Walker D, Segrest JP, Taylor JM (July 1995). "Identification and ... 2002). "Regulated expression of the apolipoprotein E/C-I/C-IV/C-II gene cluster in murine and human macrophages. A critical ...
SAA4
Serum amyloid A4, constitutive is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAA4 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... November 2009). "Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip". ... "Entrez Gene: Serum amyloid A4, constitutive". Retrieved 2020-03-14. Kumon Y, Suehiro T, Faulkes DJ, Hosakawa T, Ikeda Y, Woo P ... August 2014). "Expression of serum amyloid A4 in human trophoblast-like choriocarcinoma cell lines and human first trimester/ ...
APOBEC3A
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3A, also known as APOBEC3A, or A3A is a gene of the APOBEC3 ... A3A has become an increasingly widely studied A3 because of its high catalytic activity compared to its family members and its ... "Entrez Gene: APOBEC3A apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3A". Narvaiza I, Linfesty DC, Greener BN ...
APOBEC4
A recent study on APOBEC4 (A4) revealed an interesting finding that A4 enhanced the replication of HIV-1 through boosting ... "Entrez Gene: apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme". Marino D, Perković M, Hain A, Jaguva Vasudevan AA, Hofmann H, Hanschmann KM ... Biochemical analysis of A4 showed the lack of cytidine deaminase activity on single stranded DNA and it binds DNA rather weak. ... C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-4, also known as Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 4, is a protein ...
APOBEC3C
"Entrez Gene: APOBEC3C apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3C". Yu Q, Chen D, König R, Mariani R, ... Conversely, A3 proteins enzymatically convert cytidine to uridine present in the single stranded DNA. Two residues in loop 1 of ... A3C belong to the A3 family of cytidine deaminases that act as restriction factors against diverse retroviruses. A3C was ...
X chromosome
AD16: encoding Alzheimer disease 16 protein AIC: encoding protein AIC APOO: encoding protein Apolipoprotein O ARMCX6: encoding ... member A5 CXorf36: encoding protein hypothetical protein LOC79742 CXorf40A: Chromosome X open reading frame 40 CXorf49: ...
Endothelin 2
200 (2): 209.e1-27. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.08.051. PMC 4829203. PMID 19019335. Grimshaw MJ, Hagemann T, Ayhan A, Gillett CE, ... November 2009). "Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip". ...
Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease
By the time Alzheimer's has been diagnosed, DCGM occurs in genotypes APOE3/E4, APOE3/E3, and APOE4/E4. Thus, DCGM is a ... 1997). "No difference in cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with Alzheimer disease and differing apolipoprotein E ... such as patients homozygous for the epsilon 4 variant of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4, a genetic risk factor for ...
CPA3
Carboxypeptidase A3 (mast cell carboxypeptidase A), also known as CPA3, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the CPA3 ... Sequential degradation of apolipoprotein B by granule chymase and carboxypeptidase A". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 261 ... Huang H, Reed CP, Zhang JS, Shridhar V, Wang L, Smith DI (June 1999). "Carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3): a novel gene highly induced ... "Entrez Gene: CPA3 carboxypeptidase A3 (mast cell)". Reynolds DS, Gurley DS, Austen KF (January 1992). "Cloning and ...
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Annexin A5 forms a shield around negatively charged phospholipid molecules, thus reducing their availability for coagulation. ... anti-apolipoprotein antibodies, or anti-cardiolipin antibodies. Antiphospholipid syndrome can be primary or secondary. Primary ... Thus, anti-annexin A5 antibodies increase phospholipid-dependent coagulation steps. The lupus anticoagulant antibodies are ... to detect anti-cardiolipin antibodies or anti-apolipoprotein antibodies.[citation needed] Genetic thrombophilia is part of the ...
肥胖症 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
載脂蛋白B缺乏症(英语:Apolipoprotein B deficiency) ...
APBB1
Amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APBB1 gene. The ... Trommsdorff M, Borg JP, Margolis B, Herz J (1999). "Interaction of cytosolic adaptor proteins with neuronal apolipoprotein E ... "Entrez Gene: APBB1 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family B, member 1 (Fe65)". Guénette SY, Chen J, Jondro PD, ... "Interaction of cytosolic adaptor proteins with neuronal apolipoprotein E receptors and the amyloid precursor protein". J. Biol ...
Amyloid-beta precursor protein
The extracellular region, much larger than the intracellular region, is divided into the E1 and E2 domains, linked by an acidic ... Barger SW, DeWall KM, Liu L, Mrak RE, Griffin WS (Aug 2008). "Relationships between expression of apolipoprotein E and beta- ... A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) Human APP genome location and APP gene details page in the UCSC ... the complete E1 domain and the E2 domain. APP undergoes extensive post-translational modification including glycosylation, ...
C4
... the envelope size matching the A4 paper size C-4, the US Army designation of the Ford Trimotor AEG C.IV, a German World War I ... an EEG electrode site according to the 10-20 system Apolipoprotein C4, a protein encoded by the APOC4 gene ATC code C04 ...
Chromosome 6
... ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 2 (6p21.2) UNC5CL: encoding protein Unc-5 homolog C (C. elegans)-like VEGF: ... encoding protein Apolipoprotein M (6p21.33) TSBP1: encoding protein TSBP1 (6p21.32) C6orf62: chromosome 6 open reading frame 62 ... E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (6q21) HEBP2: heme binding protein 2 (6q24.1) IDDM8: insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 8 IDDM15 ... NHL repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (6p22.3) NOL7: nucleolar protein 7 (6p23) NQO2: N- ...
AMFR
2004). "The gene product of the gp78/AMFR ubiquitin E3 ligase cDNA is selectively recognized by the 3F3A antibody within a ... results in increased ubiquitinylation and decreased secretion of apolipoprotein B100 in HepG2 cells". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (26): ... 2006). "The activity of a human endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation E3, gp78, requires its Cue domain, RING finger, ...
Japanese Americans
... research has been put on concerning apolipoprotein E genotypes; this polymorphism has three alleles (*e2, *e3, and *e4)and was ... Specifically too, the apolipoprotein *e4 allele is linked to Alzheimer's disease as well. Also, there is increased coronary ...
Alzheimers sygdom, den frie encyklopædi
Apolipoprotein E, Dementia, and Cortical Deposition of Beta-amyloid Protein. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1995;333(19): ... 2007;14(1):e1-26. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01605.x. PMID 17222085. ... a b Apolipoprotein E4: a causative factor and therapeutic target in neuropathology, including Alzheimer's disease. Proceedings ... Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial ...
13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
"Lack of macrophage fatty-acid-binding protein aP2 protects mice deficient in apolipoprotein E against atherosclerosis". Nature ... Hepoxilin A3. *Hepoxilin B3. *Homocapsaicin (chili pepper). *Homodihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper). *Incensole (incense) ...
Farnesoid X receptor
"Farnesoid X receptor agonists suppress hepatic apolipoprotein CIII expression". Gastroenterology. 125 (2): 544-55. doi:10.1016/ ... Agonists: Arachidonic acid metabolites (e.g., lipoxin A4, prostaglandin G2). *Dietary carotenoids ...
Kalcitoninski receptor
Zhang, Jianying; Herscovitz Haya (February 2003). "Nascent lipidated apolipoprotein B is transported to the Golgi as an ... Adenozinski (A1, A2A, A2B, A3) • P2Y (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14) ... Linnik, K M; Herscovitz H (August 1998). "Multiple molecular chaperones interact with apolipoprotein B during its maturation. ... The network of endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperones (ERp72, GRP94, calreticulin, and BiP) interacts with apolipoprotein b ...
CDC42
apolipoprotein A-I receptor binding. • GTP-dependent protein binding. • GTPase activity. • mitogen-activated protein kinase ...
Ugonjwa wa Alzheimer, kamusi elezo huru
74.0 74.1 Mahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Huang Y (Aprili 2006). "Apolipoprotein E4: a causative factor and therapeutic target in ... e1-26. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01605.x . PMID 17222085 . ... "Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and ... Polvikoski T, Sulkava R, Haltia M, et al. (Novemba 1995). "Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of beta-amyloid ...
Integrin beta 3
apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway. • positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling ... 11 E1,11 67.84 cM. Start. 104,608,000 bp[2]. End. 104,670,476 bp[2]. ...
Coconut oil
136 (3): e1-e23. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000510. PMID 28620111. S2CID 367602.. Media summary: "Coconut oil 'as unhealthy as ... of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins ...
FOXA2
"Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 85 ...
Olfactory tubercle
"Very early changes in olfactory functioning due to Alzheimer's disease and the role of apolipoprotein E in olfaction". Annals ...
Alzheimer's disease
... a specific isoform of apolipoprotein, APOE4, is a major genetic risk factor for AD. While apolipoproteins enhance the breakdown ... 14 (1): e1-26. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01605.x. PMID 17222085.. ... The best known genetic risk factor is the inheritance of the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE).[44][45] Between 40 and ... "Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of beta-amyloid protein". The New England Journal of Medicine. 333 (19): ...
Doença de Alzheimer - Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre
... à função da tiroide, à vitamina B12, à deteção de sífilis ou anemia, exames que permitam excluir problemas metabólicos, ... Xu H, Finkelstein DI, Adlard PA (12 de junho de 2014). «Interactions of metals and Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease». ... à doença das vacas loucas e à condição humana derivada, a doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob, pelo que existe a possibilidade destas ... O médico seguiu a paciente até à sua morte, em 1906, data em que publicou o primeiro relatório sobre o caso.[230][231][232] ...
Alzheimers sykdom
14 (1): e1-26. PMID 17222085. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01605.x.. CS1-vedlikehold: Eksplisitt bruk av m.fl. (link)CS1- ... 1995). «Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of beta-amyloid protein». N Engl J Med. 333 (19): 1242-47. PMID ... Den mest kjente genetiske risikofaktoren er arv av ε4-allelet av apolipoprotein E (APOE).[74][75] Mellom 40 og 80 % av ... 1993). «Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial ...
阿茲海默症 - 维基百科,自由的百科全
Apolipoprotein E)會導致類澱粉蛋白質斑塊在大腦中累積[83],因此推測Aβ是導致阿茲海默症的原因,進一步的證據則是來自於轉殖基因老鼠實驗,研究人員在實驗老鼠身上表現突變型人類APP基因,結果發現實驗老鼠的大腦會產生纖維狀的類澱粉蛋白質斑塊 ... January 2007, 14 (1): e1-e26. PMID 17222085. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01605.x (英语).. 使用. ,accessdate=. 需要含有. ,url
ಬುದ್ಧಿಮಾಂದ್ಯತೆ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ
Cornelius, C; Fastbom; Winblad; Viitanen (2004). "Aspirin, NSAIDs, risk of dementia, and influence of the apolipoprotein E ...
SCARB1
apolipoprotein binding. • protein homodimerization activity. • virus receptor activity. • transporter activity. • high-density ... 1229: E1-7. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06205.x. PMID 22239457.. ... apolipoprotein A-I binding. • lipopolysaccharide binding. • low-density lipoprotein particle binding. • 1-phosphatidylinositol ... "Lipid free apolipoprotein E binds to the class B Type I scavenger receptor I (SR-BI) and enhances cholesteryl ester uptake from ...
Statin
204 (3): 115-21.e1. doi:10.5694/mja15.00806. PMID 26866552.. *^ Sattar N, Preiss D, Murray HM, Welsh P, Buckley BM, de Craen AJ ... These people have defects usually in either the LDL receptor or apolipoprotein B genes, both of which are responsible for LDL ... 64 (12): 1168.e1-1168.e60. doi:10.1016/j.rec.2011.09.015. PMID 22115524.. ... 61 (2): 519-32.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2014.10.021. PMID 25498191.. ...
हृदयवाहिका रोग - विकिपीडिया
"Lipid and apolipoprotein predictors of atherosclerosis in youth: apolipoprotein concentrations do not materially improve ...
Choroba Alzheimera, wolna encyklopedia
Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of beta-amyloid protein. „N Engl J Med". 333 (19), s. 1242-47, 11 1995. DOI ... Eur J Neurol". 14 (1), s. e1-26, 01 2007. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01605.x. PMID: 17222085. ... Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial ... a b Mahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Huang Y. Apolipoprotein E4: A causative factor and therapeutic target in neuropathology, ...
Penyakit Alzheimer Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas
... isoform spesifik apolipoprotein, APOE4, adalah faktor risiko genetik utama untuk Alzheimer. Walaupun apolipoprotein ... 14 (1): e1-26. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01605.x. PMID 17222085.. ... Faktor risiko genetik yang paling terkenal adalah pewarisan alel ε4 apolipoprotein E (APOE).[44][45] Antara 40 dan 80% orang ... "Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of beta-amyloid protein". The New England Journal of Medicine. 333 (19): ...
阿茲海默症 - 维基百科,自由的百科全
2007, 14 (1): e1-26. PMID 17222085. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01605.x (英语).. ... Interactions of metals and Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2014-06-12, 6: 121. PMC ... Strittmatter WJ, Saunders AM, Schmechel D. Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of ... Polvikoski T, Sulkava R, Haltia M. Apolipoprotein E, Dementia, and Cortical Deposition of Beta-amyloid Protein. The New England ...
KLF4
It up-regulates Apolipoprotein E, which is an anti-atherosclerotic factor.[97] It is also involved in the regulation of ... "Krüppel-like factor 4 synergizes with CREB to increase the activity of apolipoprotein E gene promoter in macrophages". ...
RCSB PDB - 1NFN: APOLIPOPROTEIN E3 (APOE3)
APOLIPOPROTEIN E3. A. 191. Homo sapiens. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: E2, APOE. ... Novel mechanism for defective receptor binding of apolipoprotein E2 in type III hyperlipoproteinemia.. Dong, L.M., Parkin, S., ... The defective binding of apolipoprotein (apo) E2 to lipoprotein receptors, an underlying cause of type III hyperlipoproteinemia ... The defective binding of apolipoprotein (apo) E2 to lipoprotein receptors, an underlying cause of type III hyperlipoproteinemia ...
Biophysical analysis of apolipoprotein E3 variants linked with development of type III hyperlipoproteinemia. - PubMed - NCBI
Biophysical analysis of apolipoprotein E3 variants linked with development of type III hyperlipoproteinemia.. Georgiadou D1, ... Biophysical Analysis of Apolipoprotein E3 Variants Linked with Development of Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia ... Biophysical Analysis of Apolipoprotein E3 Variants Linked with Development of Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia ... Biophysical Analysis of Apolipoprotein E3 Variants Linked with Development of Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia ...
RCSB PDB
- 1OR3: APOLIPOPROTEIN E3 (APOE3), TRIGONAL TRUNCATION MUTANT 165 Structure Summary Page
Apolipoprotein E3/ApoE3 Antibodies: Novus Biologicals
Browse our Apolipoprotein E3/ApoE3 Antibody catalog backed by our Guarantee+. ... Apolipoprotein E3/ApoE3 Antibodies available through Novus Biologicals. ... Apolipoprotein E3/ApoE3 Antibodies. We offer Apolipoprotein E3/ApoE3 Antibodies for use in common research applications: ... Choose from our Apolipoprotein E3/ApoE3 polyclonal antibodies and browse our Apolipoprotein E3/ApoE3 monoclonal antibody ...
Apolipoprotein E3-mediated cellular uptake of reconstituted high-densi | IJN
The ability of apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) to act as a high-affinity ligand for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) was ... Keywords: apolipoprotein E, gold nanoparticles, lipoproteins, HDL, cancer ... Apolipoprotein E3-mediated cellular uptake of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein bearing core 3, 10, or 17 nm hydrophobic ... Apolipoprotein E3-mediated cellular uptake of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein bearing core 3, 10, or 17 nm hydrophobic ...
Associations of Polymorphisms in the Apolipoprotein APOA1-C3-A5 Gene Cluster with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Apolipoprotein A5 - Semantic Scholar
It regulates levels of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES by activating APOLIPOPROTEIN C-II LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE and inhibiting hepatic VLDL ... A minor apolipoprotein that associates with HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (HDL), VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (VLDL), and ... Apolipoprotein A5. Known as: Apo A-V Protein, ApoA-V Protein, Apolipoprotein A-V (More). ... The novel apolipoprotein A5 is present in human serum, is associated with VLDL, HDL, and chylomicrons, and circulates at very ...
Expression of Human Apolipoprotein E3 or E4 in the Brains ofApoe−/− Mice: Isoform-Specific Effects on Neurodegeneration |...
Expression of Human Apolipoprotein E3 or E4 in the Brains ofApoe−/− Mice: Isoform-Specific Effects on Neurodegeneration. Manuel ... Expression of Human Apolipoprotein E3 or E4 in the Brains ofApoe−/− Mice: Isoform-Specific Effects on Neurodegeneration ... Expression of Human Apolipoprotein E3 or E4 in the Brains ofApoe−/− Mice: Isoform-Specific Effects on Neurodegeneration ... 1996) Human apolipoprotein E2, E3, and E4 isoform-specific transgenic mice: human-like pattern of glial and neuronal ...
Apolipoprotein E3- and Nitric Oxide-Dependent Modulation of Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Responses | Arteriosclerosis,...
Apolipoprotein E3- and Nitric Oxide-Dependent Modulation of Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Responses. Adam E. Mullick, Andrew F ... Apolipoprotein E3- and Nitric Oxide-Dependent Modulation of Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Responses ... Apolipoprotein E3- and Nitric Oxide-Dependent Modulation of Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Responses ... Apolipoprotein E3- and Nitric Oxide-Dependent Modulation of Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Responses ...
Identification and Characterization of Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein H Response Element in the Human...
... apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5), was identified by the comparative sequencing of the APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster region [3]. APOA5, ... N. Vu-Dac, P. Gervois, H. Jakel et al., "Apolipoprotein A5, a crucial determinant of plasma triglyceride levels, is highly ... K.-H. Song, "Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 participates in human apolipoprotein A5 gene expression," Biochemical and ... M. Nowak, A. Helleboid-Chapman, H. Jakel et al., "Insulin-mediated down-regulation of apolipoprotein A5 gene expression through ...
Expression of human apolipoprotein E3 or E4 in the brains of Apoe-/- mice: isoform-specific effects on neurodegeneration
Apolipoprotein (apo) E isoforms are key determinants of susceptibility to Alzheimers disease. The apoE4 isoform is the major ... Expression of human apolipoprotein E3 or E4 in the brains of Apoe-/- mice: isoform-specific effects on neurodegeneration J ... Apolipoprotein (apo) E isoforms are key determinants of susceptibility to Alzheimers disease. The apoE4 isoform is the major ...
A genetic variant c.553G | T (rs2075291) in the apolipoprotein A5 gene is associated with altered triglycerides levels in...
Associations of the apolipoprotein A1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster with triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels in women with type 2 ... Several epidemiological studies have shown that apolipoprotein A1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster is found to be one of the factors that ... Apolipoprotein A1/C3/A5 haplotypes and serum lipid levels. Lipids Health Dis. 2011;10:140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Apolipoprotein A5 and hypertriglyceridemia. Clin Chem. 2005;51(2):295-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar ...
Apolipoprotein A5, a newly identified gene that affects plasma triglyceride levels in humans and mice - DOE Joint Genome...
Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) is a newly described member of the apolipoprotein gene family whose initial discovery arose from ... Apolipoprotein A5, a newly identified gene that affects plasma triglyceride levels in humans and mice. Published in:. ... Apolipoprotein A5, a newly identified gene that affects plasma triglyceride levels in humans and mice ... comparative sequence analysis of the mammalian APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster. Functional studies in mice indicated that alteration ...
Hepatitis B virus inhibits apolipoprotein A5 expression through its core gene | Lipids in Health and Disease | Full Text
Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) is a new apolipoprotein family member that plays an important role in the regulation of lipid ... Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) is a new apolipoprotein family member that plays an important role in the regulation of lipid ... Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) is a new member of the apolipoprotein family and is specifically synthesized and secreted by the ... The novel apolipoprotein A5 is present in human serum, is associated with VLDL, HDL, and chylomicrons, and circulates at very ...
Gestational hyperlipidemia and acute pancreatitis with underlying partial lipoprotein lipase deficiency and apolipoprotein E3...
Gestational hyperlipidemia and acute pancreatitis with underlying partial lipoprotein lipase deficiency and apolipoprotein E3/ ... deficiency but without an associated LPL gene mutation in the presence of the apolipoprotein E3/2 genotype. This is the first ... 3), and her apoE genotype was E3/2. We evaluated the LPL gene on chromosome 8q22, and detected no gene mutation. This test ... She was diagnosed with a partial LPL deficiency without the LPL gene mutation in the presence of the apo E3/2 genotype. Several ...
In silico analyses of deleterious missense SNPs of human apolipoprotein E3 - PubMed
ApoE3 is the major chylomicron apolipoprotein, binding in a specific liver peripheral cell receptor, allowing transport and ... In silico analyses of deleterious missense SNPs of human apolipoprotein E3 Allan S Pires 1 2 , William F Porto 1 2 3 , Octavio ... In silico analyses of deleterious missense SNPs of human apolipoprotein E3 Allan S Pires et al. Sci Rep. 2017. . ... Biophysical analysis of apolipoprotein E3 variants linked with development of type III hyperlipoproteinemia. Georgiadou D, ...
Apolipoprotein A4
... Das APOA4-Gen kodiert ein Apolipoprotein, welches ein wichtiger Bestandteil von Chylomikronen und der HDL- ... Lohse P et al. (1990) Human plasma apolipoproteins A-IV-0 and A-IV-3. Molecular basis for two rare variants of apolipoprotein A ... Karathanasis SK et al. (1986) Structure, evolution, and polymorphisms of the human apolipoprotein A4 gene (APOA4). ... None (1985) Apolipoprotein multigene family: tandem organization of human apolipoprotein AI, CIII, and AIV genes. ...
Recombinant Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4), Cat#RPU40340 - Biomatik
Recombinant Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5), Cat#RPU40343 - Biomatik
֬ E(APOE)ELISA kit,AD2, LDLCQ5, LPG, MGC1571, apolipoprotein E3|cusabio.cn
Human APOA4(Apolipoprotein A4) ELISA Kit - Dla Różnorodności Biologicznej - Life Sciences
Human APOA4(Apolipoprotein A4) ELISA Kit. Human APOA4(Apolipoprotein A4) ELISA Kit. To Order Contact us: [email protected] ... Alias: ApoA4(Apolipoprotein A4)/Apolipoprotein A-IV/Apo-AIV/ApoA-IV/apolipoprotein A-IV/MGC142154/MGC142156 ... Should the Mouse Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free ... Should the Mouse Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free ...
Polymorphism in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein A5 gene is associated with an increased susceptibility for coronary...
Polymorphism in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein A5 gene is associated with an increased susceptibility for coronary ... Polymorphism in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein A5 gene is associated with an increased susceptibility for coronary ... Polymorphism in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein A5 gene is associated with an increased susceptibility for coronary ... Polymorphism in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein A5 gene is associated with an increased susceptibility for coronary ...
Differential effects of apolipoprotein E3 and E4 on markers of oxidative status in macrophages - UEA Digital Repository
EuroGentest: EQA Scheme Molecular
Role of functional variants and mutations of the apolipoprotein A5 gene in human pathology<...
Role of functional variants and mutations of the apolipoprotein A5 gene in human pathology. In Apolipoproteins: Regulatory ... Role of functional variants and mutations of the apolipoprotein A5 gene in human pathology. Apolipoproteins: Regulatory ... Role of functional variants and mutations of the apolipoprotein A5 gene in human pathology. In Apolipoproteins: Regulatory ... Role of functional variants and mutations of the apolipoprotein A5 gene in human pathology. in Apolipoproteins: Regulatory ...
Apolipoprotein C4 - Wikipedia
7 A3,7 9.94 cM. Start. 19,678,083 bp[2]. End. 19,681,479 bp[2]. ... Apolipoprotein C-IV, also known as apolipoprotein C4, is a ... Apolipoprotein (apo)C4 gene is a member of the apolipoprotein C gene family. It is expressed in the liver and has a predicted ... "Entrez Gene: apolipoprotein C-IV".. *^ Allan CM, Walker D, Segrest JP, Taylor JM (July 1995). "Identification and ... 2002). "Regulated expression of the apolipoprotein E/C-I/C-IV/C-II gene cluster in murine and human macrophages. A critical ...
Apolipoprotein C2 - Wikipedia
7 A3,7 9.94 cM. Start. 19,671,579 bp[2]. End. 19,677,941 bp[2]. ... Apolipoprotein C2 or apolipoprotein C-II is a protein that in ... "A nonsense mutation in the apolipoprotein C-IIPadova gene in a patient with apolipoprotein C-II deficiency". J. Clin. Invest. ... Familial apolipoprotein CII deficiency associated with premature vascular disease". J. Clin. Invest. 80 (6): 1597-606. doi: ... "Structure of apolipoprotein C-IIToronto, a nonfunctional human apolipoprotein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (1): 270-3. ...
Gestational hyperlipidemia and acute pancreatitis with underlying partial lipoprotein lipase deficiency and apolipoprotein E3...
Acute Disease , Adult , Apolipoprotein E2/genetics , Apolipoprotein E3/genetics , Biomarkers/blood , Combined Modality Therapy ... Gestational hyperlipidemia and acute pancreatitis with underlying partial lipoprotein lipase deficiency and apolipoprotein E3/ ... deficiency but without an associated LPL gene mutation in the presence of the apolipoprotein E3/2 genotype. This is the first ... extreme gestational hyperlipidemia with a partial LPL deficiency in the absence of an LPL gene mutation and the apolipoprotein ...
Apolipoprotein E3/E3 genotype decreases the risk of pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury due to various causes:...
Pituitary functions were evaluated, and APO E genotypes (E2/E2; E3/E3; E4/E4; E2/E3; E2/E4; E3/E4) were screened. Twenty-four ... Apolipoprotein E3/E3 genotype decreases the risk of pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury due to various causes: ... The ratio of pituitary dysfunction was significantly lower in subjects with APO E3/E3 (17.7%) than the subjects without APO E3/ ... Present data demonstrated that APO E3/E3 genotype decreases the risk of hypopituitarism after TBI. The demonstration of the ...
Cancers | Free Full-Text | Signal-Targeted Therapies and Resistance Mechanisms in Pancreatic Cancer: Future Developments...
established recently, from a large-cohort study of 500 patient sera, a panel of two proteins, apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) and ... Lin, C.; Wu, W.C.; Zhao, G.C.; Wang, D.S.; Lou, W.H.; Jin, D.Y. ITRAQ-based quantitative proteomics reveals apolipoprotein A-I ... Honda et al., recently developed an antibody-based assay (ELISA) to measure circulating apolipoprotein A2 (APOA2) isoforms ... for detection of early stage pancreatic cancer and risk factors for pancreatic malignancy using antibodies for apolipoprotein- ...
ApoE15
- Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a major protein of the lipoprotein transport system that plays important roles in lipid homeostasis and protection from atherosclerosis. (nih.gov)
- There are currently no images for Apolipoprotein E/ApoE Antibody (NB110-60531C). (novusbio.com)
- The 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is known as a risk factor for cognitive impairment. (dovepress.com)
- Apolipoprotein E ( ApoE ) is a class of proteins involved in the metabolism of fats in the body. (wikidoc.org)
- The gene, APOE , is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with apolipoprotein C1 (APOC-I) and the apolipoprotein C2 . (wikidoc.org)
- Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a secretory protein that plays a major role in cholesterol homeostasis in the plasma ( Weisgraber, 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)
- APOE alleles (e2, e3, e4) were determined using PCR. (biomedsearch.com)
- APOE is primarily located in HDL and VLDL Apolipoproteins act as lipid transfer carrier enzymes, cofactors and receptor ligands which control lipoprotein metabolism. (prospecbio.com)
- Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is an important transporter of fats in the blood. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- ApoE comes in E2, E3 and E4 forms, depending on your genetic make up. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Exchangeable apolipoproteins (apoA, apoC and apoE) have the same genomic structure and are members of a multi-gene family that probably evolved from a common ancestral gene. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Recent findings with apoA1 and apoE suggest that the tertiary structures of these two members of the human exchangeable apolipoprotein gene family are related [ PMID: 15234552 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
- There is evidence for a deleterious role of apolipoprotein ε4 by atherosclerosis and amyloid beta accumulation in brain and body by the differences of three-dimensional structures among the apoE isoforms. (omicsonline.org)
- he human apolipoprotein E (apoE) protein is an important protein in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and interstitial fluid of central nervous system [ 1 ]. (omicsonline.org)
- In this study, we have focused on the exchangeable helical apolipoproteins such as apoA-I and apoE that regulate cholesterol metabolism in plasma and brain. (nii.ac.jp)
ApoA511
- Therefore, it has been attempted to identify the specific genetic determinants of plasma TG levels, and a novel member of the apolipoprotein family, apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5), was identified by the comparative sequencing of the APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster region [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Recently, the sequencing of human genomic DNA has led to the discovery of Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene which belongs to a regulatory gene family including APOA1, APOC3 and APOA4 [ 5 ].This gene is located on chromosome 11q23 in about 30 kb downstream of APOA4, and contains four exons. (springer.com)
- Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) is a new apolipoprotein family member that plays an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
- Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) is a new member of the apolipoprotein family and is specifically synthesized and secreted by the liver. (biomedcentral.com)
- One of the many factors affecting the lipid metabolism by a complex manner is the apolipoprotein A-5 (ApoA5). (elsevier.com)
- The gene of the ApoA5 is located on chromosome 11q23 in the ApoA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster. (elsevier.com)
- Apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) was identified 30 kb upstream of the well-characterized APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster on chromosome 11. (biomedcentral.com)
- T polymorphisms and their haplotypes in apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) gene with cereberovascular disease in Chinese . (bvsalud.org)
- Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) is expressed primarily in the liver and modulates plasma triglyceride levels in mice and humans. (elsevier.com)
- Background- Apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) variation is associated with plasma triglycerides (TGs). (uv.es)
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Apolipoprotein A5 gene promoter region T-1131C polymorphism (APOA5 T-1131C) is known to be associated with elevated plasma TG levels, although little is known of the influence of the interaction between APOA5 T-1131C and lifestyle modification on TG levels. (shimane-u.ac.jp)
Protein18
- Apolipoprotein (apo) E is a 34 kDa protein that participates in the transport of plasma lipids and in the redistribution of lipids among cells ( Mahley, 1988 ). (jneurosci.org)
- Apolipoprotein C-IV , also known as apolipoprotein C4 , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC4 gene . (wikipedia.org)
- Apolipoprotein C2 or apolipoprotein C-II is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC2 gene . (wikipedia.org)
- This gene encodes apolipoprotein A-I, which is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. (nih.gov)
- Apolipoprotein E in vitro SimpleStep ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit is designed for the quantitative measurement of Apolipoprotein E protein in mouse serum and plasma. (abcam.com)
- Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which causes inflammatory cell injury, induced significantly increased expression of apo-A4 protein levels, and these levels were related to pro-inflammatory acute kidney injury in human kidney cells. (elsevier.com)
- Therapy based on apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein component of high-density lipoproteins, results in AVS regression in experimental models. (springer.com)
- Apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) is a lipid binding protein expressed in mammalian intestine, as well as rodent liver. (ahajournals.org)
- Recombinant protein encompassing a sequence within the N-terminus region of human Apolipoprotein E. (thermofisher.com)
- Apolipoprotein E is a fat-binding protein ( apolipoprotein ) that is part of the chylomicron and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDLs) . (wikidoc.org)
- Apolipoprotein C-III also known as apo-CIII, and apolipoprotein C3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene is an apolipoprotein that plays an important role in regulating the plasma triglyceride levels, a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. (thermofisher.com)
- Apolipoprotein E is a plasma protein that has an important role in transport and metabolism of lipids in serum as well as in central nervous system. (omicsonline.org)
- Apolipoprotein E was known as a protein constituting lipid-rich plasma lipoproteins in the early 1970s. (omicsonline.org)
- Apolipoprotein E genotype and the association between C-reactive protein and postoperative delirium: Importance of gene-protein interactions. (harvard.edu)
- This gene encodes apolipoprotein (apo-) A-II, which is the second most abundant protein of the high density lipoprotein particles. (genecards.org)
- The protein is found in plasma as a monomer, homodimer, or heterodimer with apolipoprotein D. Defects in this gene may result in apolipoprotein A-II deficiency or hypercholesterolemia. (genecards.org)
- APOA2 (Apolipoprotein A2) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
APOA17
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the APOA1/C3/A5 gene cluster are associated with diabetes and familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCH). (hindawi.com)
- Four SNPs in APOA1/C3/A5 cluster were genotyped and lipid was determined. (hindawi.com)
- Two novel APOA1 gene mutations in a Japanese renal transplant recipient with recurrent apolipoprotein A-I related amyloidosis. (nih.gov)
- Case Report: recurrence of non-familial hereditary apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis in Japanese transplant recipient with two novel APOA1 mutations. (nih.gov)
- An example of non-exchangeable apolipoprotein is APOAB which is attached to the lipoprotein particle while examples of Lipoprotein exchangeable are APOM, APOD, APOJ, APOH and APOA1 which are transported between different lipoprotein molecules. (prospecbio.com)
- ApoA1, ApoA4 and Apo5 are part of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster on chromosome 11 [ PMID: 15108119 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
- The effects of scale: variation in the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster. (ebi.ac.uk)
Isoforms3
- Apolipoprotein (apo) E isoforms are key determinants of susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. (jneurosci.org)
- These three isoforms are known as ApoE2, E3 and E4. (novusbio.com)
- There are several allelic isoforms (such as E2, E3, and E4). (harvard.edu)
Lipoproteins5
- Isolation and characterization of human apolipoprotein M-containing lipoproteins. (semanticscholar.org)
- Tertiary structure of apolipoprotein A-I in nascent high-density lipoproteins. (nih.gov)
- Apolipoprotein E is a glycoprotein synthesized mainly in the liver and the brain and is a component of most lipoproteins with the exception of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). (abcam.com)
- In particular, apolipoprotein E is a major component of specific lipoproteins called very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). (novusbio.com)
- Apolipoproteins are composed from various lipoproteins such as exchangeable Apolipoprtoeins and non-exchangeable. (prospecbio.com)
Polymorphisms5
- Association of apolipoprotein A1 and A5 polymorphisms with stroke subtypes in Han Chinese people in Taiwan. (cdc.gov)
- The objective of this study was to evaluate whether apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms confer susceptibility to osteonecrosis of the femoral head. (nih.gov)
- Title: The relationship between apolipoprotein genes polymorphisms and susceptibility to osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a meta-analysis. (nih.gov)
- Clinical and anthropometrical data, chylomicronaemia, lipoprotein profile, postheparin lipoprotein lipase mass and activity, hepatic lipase activity, apolipoprotein C II and CIII mass, apo E and A5 polymorphisms were assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
- We therefore studied LPL mass and activity, hepatic lipase activity, the levels of apolipoprotein C-II and apo E and apo A-V polymorphisms in order to detect any differences between persons with hypertriglyceridaemia who developed hypertriglyceridaemic pancreatitis and those who did not. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibody2
- Each Apolipoprotein E3/ApoE3 Antibody is fully covered by our Guarantee+, to give you complete peace of mind and the support when you need it. (novusbio.com)
- Choose from our Apolipoprotein E3/ApoE3 polyclonal antibodies and browse our Apolipoprotein E3/ApoE3 monoclonal antibody catalog. (novusbio.com)
APOE34
- We offer Apolipoprotein E3/ApoE3 Antibodies for use in common research applications: Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry, Simple Western, Western Blot. (novusbio.com)
- Our Apolipoprotein E3/ApoE3 Antibodies can be used in a variety of model species: Human. (novusbio.com)
- The ability of apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) to act as a high-affinity ligand for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) was exploited to gain entry of HDL with AuNPs into glioblastoma cells. (dovepress.com)
- ApoE3 is the major chylomicron apolipoprotein, binding in a specific liver peripheral cell receptor, allowing transport and normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. (cdc.gov)
APOA43
- Das APOA4-Gen kodiert ein Apolipoprotein, welches ein wichtiger Bestandteil von Chylomikronen und der HDL-Partikel ist. (moldiag.com)
- Should the Mouse Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free replacement. (bestpractice-life.pl)
- Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (bestpractice-life.pl)
Allele3
- The effect of partial LPL deficiency and dysbetalipoproteinemia can be modulated by other genes, such as apolipoprotein (apo) E. Apo E2 has a lower binding affinity to the hepatic receptor [ 3 , 4 ], and patients with the apo E3/2 genotype are associated with higher plasma lipid levels compared to those without the apo E2 allele [ 5 , 6 ]. (kjim.org)
- For example, issues are currently debated regarding population-based genetic testing for breast cancer in relation to BRCA1 (5), Alzheimer's disease in relation to the Apolipoprotein E-E4 allele (6), and iron overload in relation to the hemochromatosis gene (7). (cdc.gov)
- [35] A notable advantage of the E4 allele (relative to E2 and E3) is a positive association with higher levels of vitamin D , which may help explain its prevalence despite its seeming complicity in various diseases or disorders. (wikidoc.org)
Polymorphism4
- I. Polymorphism of apolipoprotein A-IV. (moldiag.com)
- Is There Any Relationship between Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Idiopathic Parkinsonâ s Disease? (omicsonline.org)
- Kwon OD (2016) Is There Any Relationship between Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease? (omicsonline.org)
- Bojar I, Pinkas J, Gujski M, Owoc A, Raczkiewicz D, Rothenberg K. Postmenopausal cognitive changes and androgen levels in the context of apolipoprotein E polymorphism. (termedia.pl)
CIII2
- Primary structure of the bovine analogues to human apolipoproteins CII and CIII. (wikipedia.org)
- Apolipoprotein CIII is also found on HDL particles. (wikipedia.org)
Genes1
- This gene is closely linked with two other apolipoprotein genes on chromosome 11. (nih.gov)
Variants2
- Biophysical analysis of apolipoprotein E3 variants linked with development of type III hyperlipoproteinemia. (nih.gov)
- Molecular basis for two rare variants of apolipoprotein A-IV-1. (moldiag.com)
Serum4
- The novel apolipoprotein A5 is present in human serum, is associated with VLDL, HDL, and chylomicrons, and circulates at very low concentrations compared with other apolipoproteins. (semanticscholar.org)
- We determined the effect of cafestol on serum cholesterol and triglycerides in different mouse strains and subsequently studied its mechanism of action in apolipoprotein (apo) E*3-Leiden transgenic mice. (tudelft.nl)
- Serum apolipoprotein (apo)AI and -B have been shown to be associated with diabetic retinopathy, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Recently, we have reported that serum apolipoprotein (apo)AI and apoB levels were strongly associated with the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy ( 1 ), and these associations were more prominent than those of traditional lipids (e.g., total cholesterol). (diabetesjournals.org)
Apoprotein2
- Apolipoprotein E, a main apoprotein of the chylomicron, binds to a specific receptor on liver cells and peripheral cells. (5qvlr.cn)
- [15] This variant of the apoprotein binds poorly to cell surface receptors while E3 and E4 bind well. (wikidoc.org)
Genetic3
- Genetic studies of human apolipoproteins. (moldiag.com)
- Genetic causes of the syndrome are rare and include deficiency of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), apolipoprotein C-II, and familial inhibitor of LPL. (biomedcentral.com)
- Genetic evidence indicates that apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) is a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease. (jneurosci.org)
Human7
- Human apolipoprotein A-IV. (moldiag.com)
- Human plasma apolipoproteins A-IV-0 and A-IV-3. (moldiag.com)
- 2002). "Regulated expression of the apolipoprotein E/C-I/C-IV/C-II gene cluster in murine and human macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
- 1986). "The structure of the human apolipoprotein C-II gene. (wikipedia.org)
- Human and rat Apolipoprotein E are 71% and 92% identical to mouse Apolipoprotein E, respectively. (abcam.com)
- Contributions of domain structure and lipid interaction to the functionality of exchangeable human apolipoproteins. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Three-dimensional structure of the LDL receptor-binding domain of human apolipoprotein E. (ebi.ac.uk)
Metabolism2
- Apo E (Apolipoprotein E) plays an important role in the metabolism of lipids in the plasma, and is also is a constituent of various plasma lipoprotein-lipid particles. (thermofisher.com)
- Our results provide novel and useful insights to understand structural basis for apolipoprotein-mediated HDL formation and metabolism. (nii.ac.jp)
Lipids and apolipoproteins3
- 2009). "Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip" . (wikipedia.org)
- The aim of this study was to establish age-specific and gender-specific reference intervals for non-fasting lipids and apolipoproteins in healthy Chinese children and adolescents. (bmj.com)
- Paediatric reference intervals were established for non-fasting lipids and apolipoproteins based on a large population of healthy children and adolescents. (bmj.com)
Mice8
- High-dose recombinant apolipoprotein A-I(milano) mobilizes tissue cholesterol and rapidly reduces plaque lipid and macrophage content in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice. (semanticscholar.org)
- LeBoeuf, Renée C. / Overexpression of apolipoprotein A5 in mice is not protective against body weight gain and aberrant glucose homeostasis . (elsevier.com)
- Here, we evaluated the aortic uptake of 18F-FDG and 99mTc-annexin A5 in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE2/2) and wild-type mice placed on high-fat diets. (hokudai.ac.jp)
- At the ages of 10, 18, and 25 wk (5-15 mice per group at each time point), mice were injected with 18F-FDG or 99mTc-annexin A5 after 12 h of fasting. (hokudai.ac.jp)
- At 1 h after 18F-FDG injection (or 2 h after 99mTc-annexin A5 injection), mice were sacrificed, and the aortas were removed for welltype scintillation counting of radioactivity. (hokudai.ac.jp)
- Aortic tracer uptake [(ID%/g) · kg] remained stable with the regular diet in wild-type mice (0.054- 0.053 and 0.021-0.023 for 99mTc-annexin A5) but increased with cholesterol feeding in wild-type mice (0.164 for 18F-FDG and 0.036 for 99mTc-annexin A5 at 25 wk) and in apoE2/2 mice (0.249 for 18F-FDG and 0.047 for 99mTc-annexin A5 at 25 wk). (hokudai.ac.jp)
- To establish whether the induction of apoA-IV impacted TG secretion, SREBP-1aTg mice were crossed with apoA-IV knock out mice (A4-KO). (ahajournals.org)
- Based on the Triton block method, SREBP1aTg/A4-KO mice demonstrated a 24% reduction in hepatic TG secretion rate, relative to SREBP1aTg controls. (ahajournals.org)
Alzheimer's Disease1
- Elevated IgM against Nε-(Carboxyethyl)lysine-modified Apolipoprotein A1 peptide 141-147 in Taiwanese with Alzheimer's disease. (nih.gov)
ApoB1
- Non-fasting samples were collected from 7260 healthy Chinese children and adolescents, and they were analysed using the Olympus AU5400 analyser for: triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B (ApoB). (bmj.com)
Genotype3
- She was diagnosed with partial lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency but without an associated LPL gene mutation in the presence of the apolipoprotein E3/2 genotype. (kjim.org)
- This is the first reported case of extreme gestational hyperlipidemia with a partial LPL deficiency in the absence of an LPL gene mutation and the apolipoprotein E 3/2 genotype. (kjim.org)
- Therefore, the aims of the Satgene study is to examine the impact of modifications in dietary total fat and saturated fat intakes, alone and in combination with fish oil supplement on LDL-cholesterol and other blood lipids, in individuals with an E3 and E4 genotype. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Deficiency3
- 1989). "A nonsense mutation in the apolipoprotein C-IIPadova gene in a patient with apolipoprotein C-II deficiency" . (wikipedia.org)
- 1988). "Donor splice site mutation in the apolipoprotein (Apo) C-II gene (Apo C-IIHamburg) of a patient with Apo C-II deficiency" . (wikipedia.org)
- No cases had apolipoprotein CII deficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression5
- 2008). "Expression of apolipoprotein C-IV is regulated by Ku antigen/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma complex and correlates with liver steatosis" . (wikipedia.org)
- Apo-A4 expression was increased in tissues from chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients compared to that in normal kidney tissue. (elsevier.com)
- Apo-A4 expression was also increased in experimented rat kidney tissues after ischemic reperfusion injury. (elsevier.com)
- The expression of apo-A4 and TNFR2 was increased upon treatment with TNF-α. (elsevier.com)
- Therefore, the apo-A4 expression is increased by stimulation of injured kidney cells with TNF-α and that these effects occur via a TNFR2-NFκB complex. (elsevier.com)
Triglycerides2
- T (rs2075291) in apolipoprotein A5 gene to determination of triglycerides levels in CAD patients receiving, atorvastatin, lipid lowering drug. (springer.com)
- Defects in apolipoprotein E result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP III), in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron and VLDL remnants. (5qvlr.cn)
Chromosome 11q231
- This gene is located proximal to the apolipoprotein gene cluster on chromosome 11q23. (thermofisher.com)
Chylomicron1
- Additionally, it can serve as a ligand for the LDL (Apolipoprotein B/E) receptor and for the specific Apolipoprotein E receptor (chylomicron remnant) of hepatic tissues. (abcam.com)
LIPID TRANSPORT1
- Apolipoproteins function in lipid transport as structural components of lipoprotein particles, cofactors for enzymes and ligands for cell-surface receptors. (ebi.ac.uk)
Lipoxin1
- So far, four GPCR have been identified as the receptors for lipoxin A4 and the D- and E-series of resolvins, namely ALX/FPR2, DRV1/GPR32, DRV2/GPR18, and ERV1/ChemR23. (frontiersin.org)