Apolipoprotein b 100. Medical search

Major structural proteins of triacylglycerol-rich LIPOPROTEINS. There are two forms, apolipoprotein B-100 and apolipoprotein B-48, both derived from a single gene. ApoB-100 expressed in the liver is found in low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). ApoB-48 expressed in the intestine is found in CHYLOMICRONS. They are important in the biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Plasma Apo-B levels are high in atherosclerotic patients but non-detectable in ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA.

The most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. This protein serves as an acceptor for CHOLESTEROL released from cells thus promoting efflux of cholesterol to HDL then to the LIVER for excretion from the body (reverse cholesterol transport). It also acts as a cofactor for LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE that forms CHOLESTEROL ESTERS on the HDL particles. Mutations of this gene APOA1 cause HDL deficiency, such as in FAMILIAL ALPHA LIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE and in some patients with TANGIER DISEASE.

A 513-kDa protein synthesized in the LIVER. It serves as the major structural protein of low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). It is the ligand for the LDL receptor (RECEPTORS, LDL) that promotes cellular binding and internalization of LDL particles.

A 241-kDa protein synthesized only in the INTESTINES. It serves as a structural protein of CHYLOMICRONS. Its exclusive association with chylomicron particles provides an indicator of intestinally derived lipoproteins in circulation. Apo B-48 is a shortened form of apo B-100 and lacks the LDL-receptor region.

A class of protein components which can be found in several lipoproteins including HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and CHYLOMICRONS. Synthesized in most organs, Apo E is important in the global transport of lipids and cholesterol throughout the body. Apo E is also a ligand for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) that mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in cells. There are several allelic isoforms (such as E2, E3, and E4). Deficiency or defects in Apo E are causes of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.

Protein components on the surface of LIPOPROTEINS. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and LIPID METABOLISM. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the LIVER and the INTESTINES.

A 9-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and CHYLOMICRON REMNANTS. Apo C-III, synthesized in the liver, is an inhibitor of LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE. Apo C-III modulates the binding of chylomicron remnants and VLDL to receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) thus decreases the uptake of triglyceride-rich particles by the liver cells and subsequent degradation. The normal Apo C-III is glycosylated. There are several polymorphic forms with varying amounts of SIALIC ACID (Apo C-III-0, Apo C-III-1, and Apo C-III-2).

Structural proteins of the alpha-lipoproteins (HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS), including APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I and APOLIPOPROTEIN A-II. They can modulate the activity of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE. These apolipoproteins are low in atherosclerotic patients. They are either absent or present in extremely low plasma concentration in TANGIER DISEASE.

A major and the second most common isoform of apolipoprotein E. In humans, Apo E4 differs from APOLIPOPROTEIN E3 at only one residue 112 (cysteine is replaced by arginine), and exhibits a lower resistance to denaturation and greater propensity to form folded intermediates. Apo E4 is a risk factor for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.

A 34-kDa glycosylated protein. A major and most common isoform of apolipoprotein E. Therefore, it is also known as apolipoprotein E (ApoE). In human, Apo E3 is a 299-amino acid protein with a cysteine at the 112 and an arginine at the 158 position. It is involved with the transport of TRIGLYCERIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and CHOLESTERYL ESTERS in and out of the cells.

A class of lipoproteins of very light (0.93-1.006 g/ml) large size (30-80 nm) particles with a core composed mainly of TRIGLYCERIDES and a surface monolayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL into which are imbedded the apolipoproteins B, E, and C. VLDL facilitates the transport of endogenously made triglycerides to extrahepatic tissues. As triglycerides and Apo C are removed, VLDL is converted to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS from which cholesterol is delivered to the extrahepatic tissues.

The second most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. It has a high lipid affinity and is known to displace APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I from HDL particles and generates a stable HDL complex. ApoA-II can modulate the activation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE in the presence of APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I, thus affecting HDL metabolism.

Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.

A 9-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. It contains a cofactor for LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE and activates several triacylglycerol lipases. The association of Apo C-II with plasma CHYLOMICRONS; VLDL, and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS is reversible and changes rapidly as a function of triglyceride metabolism. Clinically, Apo C-II deficiency is similar to lipoprotein lipase deficiency (HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE I) and is therefore called hyperlipoproteinemia type IB.

A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

One of three major isoforms of apolipoprotein E. In humans, Apo E2 differs from APOLIPOPROTEIN E3 at one residue 158 where arginine is replaced by cysteine (R158--C). In contrast to Apo E3, Apo E2 displays extremely low binding affinity for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) which mediate the internalization and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in liver cells. ApoE2 allelic homozygosity is associated with HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.

A 6.6-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. Apo C-I displaces APO E from lipoproteins, modulate their binding to receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL), and thereby decrease their clearance from plasma. Elevated Apo C-I levels are associated with HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

A group of apolipoproteins that can readily exchange among the various classes of lipoproteins (HDL; VLDL; CHYLOMICRONS). After lipolysis of TRIGLYCERIDES on VLDL and chylomicrons, Apo-C proteins are normally transferred to HDL. The subtypes can modulate remnant binding to receptors, LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE, or LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE.

A class of lipoproteins of small size (4-13 nm) and dense (greater than 1.063 g/ml) particles. HDL lipoproteins, synthesized in the liver without a lipid core, accumulate cholesterol esters from peripheral tissues and transport them to the liver for re-utilization or elimination from the body (the reverse cholesterol transport). Their major protein component is APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I. HDL also shuttle APOLIPOPROTEINS C and APOLIPOPROTEINS E to and from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during their catabolism. HDL plasma level has been inversely correlated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Conditions with abnormally low levels of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL) in the blood. It is defined as LDL values equal to or less than the 5th percentile for the population. They include the autosomal dominant form involving mutation of the APOLIPOPROTEINS B gene, and the autosomal recessive form involving mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. All are characterized by low LDL and dietary fat malabsorption.

A large and highly glycosylated protein constituent of LIPOPROTEIN (A). It has very little affinity for lipids but forms disulfide-linkage to APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100. Apoprotein(a) has SERINE PROTEINASE activity and can be of varying sizes from 400- to 800-kDa. It is homologous to PLASMINOGEN and is known to modulate THROMBOSIS and FIBRINOLYSIS.

Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to low density lipoproteins (LDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.

A lipoprotein that resembles the LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS but with an extra protein moiety, APOPROTEIN (A) also known as APOLIPOPROTEIN (A), linked to APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100 on the LDL by one or two disulfide bonds. High plasma level of lipoprotein (a) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of cytidine, forming uridine. EC 3.5.4.5.

Receptors on the plasma membrane of nonhepatic cells that specifically bind LDL. The receptors are localized in specialized regions called coated pits. Hypercholesteremia is caused by an allelic genetic defect of three types: 1, receptors do not bind to LDL; 2, there is reduced binding of LDL; and 3, there is normal binding but no internalization of LDL. In consequence, entry of cholesterol esters into the cell is impaired and the intracellular feedback by cholesterol on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase is lacking.

A process that changes the nucleotide sequence of mRNA from that of the DNA template encoding it. Some major classes of RNA editing are as follows: 1, the conversion of cytosine to uracil in mRNA; 2, the addition of variable number of guanines at pre-determined sites; and 3, the addition and deletion of uracils, templated by guide-RNAs (RNA, GUIDE).

Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.

A mixture of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), particularly the triglyceride-poor VLDL, with slow diffuse electrophoretic mobilities in the beta and alpha2 regions which are similar to that of beta-lipoproteins (LDL) or alpha-lipoproteins (HDL). They can be intermediate (remnant) lipoproteins in the de-lipidation process, or remnants of mutant CHYLOMICRONS and VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS which cannot be metabolized completely as seen in FAMILIAL DYSBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A type of familial lipid metabolism disorder characterized by a variable pattern of elevated plasma CHOLESTEROL and/or TRIGLYCERIDES. Multiple genes on different chromosomes may be involved, such as the major late transcription factor (UPSTREAM STIMULATORY FACTORS) on CHROMOSOME 1.

A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).

Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.

An autosomal dominant disorder of lipid metabolism. It is caused by mutations of APOLIPOPROTEINS B, main components of CHYLOMICRONS and BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL). Features include abnormally low LDL, normal triglyceride level, and dietary fat malabsorption.

Conditions with abnormally low levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. This may involve any of the lipoprotein subclasses, including ALPHA-LIPOPROTEINS (high-density lipoproteins); BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low-density lipoproteins); and PREBETA-LIPOPROTEINS (very-low-density lipoproteins).

A class of lipoproteins that carry dietary CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES from the SMALL INTESTINE to the tissues. Their density (0.93-1.006 g/ml) is the same as that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.

Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.

Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.

A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.

Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.

A glycoprotein component of HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS that transports small hydrophobic ligands including CHOLESTEROL and STEROLS. It occurs in the macromolecular complex with LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE. Apo D is expressed in and secreted from a variety of tissues such as liver, placenta, brain tissue and others.

A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.

An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)

An autosomal recessive disorder of lipid metabolism. It is caused by mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein that catalyzes the transport of lipids (TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS) and is required in the secretion of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL). Features include defective intestinal lipid absorption, very low serum cholesterol level, and near absent LDL.

Fatty acid esters of cholesterol which constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis.

Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). High circulating levels of VLDL cholesterol are found in HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE IIB. The cholesterol on the VLDL is eventually delivered by LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS to the tissues after the catabolism of VLDL to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LDL.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A hypertriglyceridemia disorder, often with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the persistent elevations of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES, endogenously synthesized and contained predominantly in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). In contrast, the plasma CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS usually remain within normal limits.

A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.

An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. The enzyme hydrolyzes triacylglycerols in chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and diacylglycerols. It occurs on capillary endothelial surfaces, especially in mammary, muscle, and adipose tissue. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme causes familial hyperlipoproteinemia Type I. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.34.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

Cell surface proteins that bind lipoproteins with high affinity. Lipoprotein receptors in the liver and peripheral tissues mediate the regulation of plasma and cellular cholesterol metabolism and concentration. The receptors generally recognize the apolipoproteins of the lipoprotein complex, and binding is often a trigger for endocytosis.

An enzyme secreted from the liver into the plasma of many mammalian species. It catalyzes the esterification of the hydroxyl group of lipoprotein cholesterol by the transfer of a fatty acid from the C-2 position of lecithin. In familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency disease, the absence of the enzyme results in an excess of unesterified cholesterol in plasma. EC 2.3.1.43.

An autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL or broad-beta-lipoprotein). IDL has a CHOLESTEROL to TRIGLYCERIDES ratio greater than that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. This disorder is due to mutation of APOLIPOPROTEINS E, a receptor-binding component of VLDL and CHYLOMICRONS, resulting in their reduced clearance and high plasma levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.

Substances used to lower plasma CHOLESTEROL levels.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.

Proteins that bind to and transfer CHOLESTEROL ESTERS between LIPOPROTEINS such as LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.

The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604)

Cholesterol present in food, especially in animal products.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

A superfamily of large integral ATP-binding cassette membrane proteins whose expression pattern is consistent with a role in lipid (cholesterol) efflux. It is implicated in TANGIER DISEASE characterized by accumulation of cholesteryl ester in various tissues.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Centrifugation with a centrifuge that develops centrifugal fields of more than 100,000 times gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The main trunk of the systemic arteries.

An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.

An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.

Substances that lower the levels of certain LIPIDS in the BLOOD. They are used to treat HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Relating to the size of solids.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.

Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.

Compounds that inhibit HMG-CoA reductases. They have been shown to directly lower cholesterol synthesis.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

7-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.

A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A group of fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters by the direct transfer of the fatty acid group from a fatty acyl CoA derivative. This enzyme has been found in the adrenal gland, gonads, liver, intestinal mucosa, and aorta of many mammalian species. EC 2.3.1.26.

A diet that contributes to the development and acceleration of ATHEROGENESIS.

The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.

The time frame after a meal or FOOD INTAKE.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A highly conserved heterodimeric glycoprotein that is differentially expressed during many severe physiological disturbance states such as CANCER; APOPTOSIS; and various NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS. Clusterin is ubiquitously expressed and appears to function as a secreted MOLECULAR CHAPERONE.

A pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the base CYTOSINE linked to the five-carbon sugar D-RIBOSE.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

Triple-looped protein domains linked by disulfide bonds. These common structural domains, so-named for their resemblance to Danish pastries known as kringlers, play a role in binding membranes, proteins, and phospholipids as well as in regulating proteolysis. Kringles are also present in coagulation-related and fibrinolytic proteins and other plasma proteinases.

The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Abstaining from all food.

Proteins found in eggs which are consumed as a food.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.

Proteolytic enzymes that are involved in the conversion of protein precursors such as peptide prohormones into PEPTIDE HORMONES. Some are ENDOPEPTIDASES, some are EXOPEPTIDASES.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An autosomal recessively inherited disorder caused by mutation of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS involved in cellular cholesterol removal (reverse-cholesterol transport). It is characterized by near absence of ALPHA-LIPOPROTEINS (high-density lipoproteins) in blood. The massive tissue deposition of cholesterol esters results in HEPATOMEGALY; SPLENOMEGALY; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; large orange tonsils; and often sensory POLYNEUROPATHY. The disorder was first found among inhabitants of Tangier Island in the Chesapeake Bay, MD.

Compounds with three contiguous nitrogen atoms in linear format, H2N-N=NH, and hydrocarbyl derivatives.

Unstable isotopes of sulfur that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. S 29-31, 35, 37, and 38 are radioactive sulfur isotopes.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.

A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.

Electrophoresis in which agar or agarose gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The interstitial fluid that is in the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Azoles of one NITROGEN and two double bonds that have aromatic chemical properties.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.

The metabolic process of breaking down LIPIDS to release FREE FATTY ACIDS, the major oxidative fuel for the body. Lipolysis may involve dietary lipids in the DIGESTIVE TRACT, circulating lipids in the BLOOD, and stored lipids in the ADIPOSE TISSUE or the LIVER. A number of enzymes are involved in such lipid hydrolysis, such as LIPASE and LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE from various tissues.

A family of MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that require ATP hydrolysis for the transport of substrates across membranes. The protein family derives its name from the ATP-binding domain found on the protein.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A highly dense subclass of the high-density lipoproteins, with particle sizes below 7 nm. They are also known as nascent HDL, composed of a few APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I molecules which are complexed with PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The lipid-poor pre-beta-HDL particles serve as progenitors of HDL3 and then HDL2 after absorption of free cholesterol from cell membranes, cholesterol esterification, and acquisition of apolipoproteins A-II, Cs, and E. Pre-beta-HDL initiate the reverse cholesterol transport process from cells to liver.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers for the study of biological membranes.

A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.

An antilipemic agent which reduces both CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.

Post-transcriptional biological modification of messenger, transfer, or ribosomal RNAs or their precursors. It includes cleavage, methylation, thiolation, isopentenylation, pseudouridine formation, conformational changes, and association with ribosomal protein.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Techniques for removal by adsorption and subsequent elution of a specific antibody or antigen using an immunosorbent containing the homologous antigen or antibody.

Work-related situations in which the employees as a group refuse to work until certain conditions of employment are granted by the employer.

Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Metabolic products of chylomicron particles in which TRIGLYCERIDES have been selectively removed by the LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE. These remnants carry dietary lipids in the blood and are cholesterol-rich. Their interactions with MACROPHAGES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; and SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS in the artery wall can lead to ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Intermediate-density subclass of the high-density lipoproteins, with particle sizes between 7 to 8 nm. As the larger lighter HDL2 lipoprotein, HDL3 lipoprotein is lipid-rich.

Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.

Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

The portion of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT between the PYLORUS of the STOMACH and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE. It is divisible into three portions: the DUODENUM, the JEJUNUM, and the ILEUM.

The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A LDL-receptor related protein involved in clearance of chylomicron remnants and of activated ALPHA-MACROGLOBULINS from plasma.

Lipid-laden macrophages originating from monocytes or from smooth muscle cells.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.

Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A diet that contains limited amounts of fat with less than 30% of calories from all fats and less than 10% from saturated fat. Such a diet is used in control of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. (From Bondy et al, Metabolic Control and Disease, 8th ed, pp468-70; Dorland, 27th ed)

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continents of the Americas.

A family of proteins that share sequence similarity with the low density lipoprotein receptor (RECEPTORS, LDL).

Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Diseases in which there is a familial pattern of AMYLOIDOSIS.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Dietary fish oils inhibit early events in the assembly of very low density lipoproteins and target apoB for degradation within the rough endoplasmic reticulum of hamster hepatocytes. (1/731)

Dietary fish oils inhibited secretion and stimulated intracellular degradation of apolipoprotein (apo)B in hamster hepatocytes, while dietary sunflower oils stimulated secretion and had no effect on degradation of apoB. To investigate the intracellular site at which fish oils act, we have made use of our previous observations that inhibition of degradation by N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal (ALLN) results in accumulation of apoB in the trans -Golgi membrane and does not stimulate secretion, while inhibition of degradation by o-phenanthroline results in accumulation of apoB in the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane and stimulates secretion. Thus, ALLN protects apoB which has been diverted from secretion and o -phenanthroline protects apoB which is targetted for secretion. Addition of o -phenantholine to the incubation medium of hepatocytes from fish oil-fed hamsters inhibited degradation of apoB and stimulated its secretion in particles of the density of VLDL, while addition of ALLN had no effect. These observations suggest that dietary fish oils reversibly inhibit early steps in the assembly of very low density lipoprotein precursors and target apoB for degradation in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (+info)

Role of cholesterol ester mass in regulation of secretion of ApoB100 lipoprotein particles by hamster hepatocytes and effects of statins on that relationship. (2/731)

Our understanding of the factors that regulate the secretion of apoB100 lipoproteins remains incomplete with considerable debate as to the role, if any, for cholesterol ester in this process. This study examines this issue in primary cultures of hamster hepatocytes, a species in which both cholesterol and apoB100 metabolism are very similar to man. Addition of oleate to medium increased the mass of triglyceride and cholesterol ester within the hepatocyte and also increased the secretion of triglycerides, cholesterol ester, and apoB100 into the medium. Next, the responses of hamster hepatocytes to addition of either an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (lovastatin) or an acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor (58-035) to the medium, with or without added oleate, were determined. Effects of either agent were only evident in the oleate-supplemented medium in which cholesterol ester mass had been increased above basal. If oleate was not added to the medium, neither agent reduced apoB100 secretion; equally important, over the 24-hour incubation, neither agent, at the concentration used, produced any detectable change in intracellular cholesterol ester mass. However, in contrast to the estimates of mass, which were unchanged, under the same conditions radioisotopic estimates of cholesterol ester synthesis were markedly reduced. Any conclusion as to the relation of cholesterol ester mass to apoB100 secretion would therefore depend on which of the 2 methods was used. Overall, the data indicate a close correlation between the mass of cholesterol ester within the hepatocyte and apoB100 secretion from it and they go far to explain previous apparently contradictory data as to this relation. More importantly, though, taken with other available data, they indicate that the primary response of the liver to increased delivery of lipid is increased secretion rather than decreased uptake. These results point, therefore, to a hierarchy of hepatic responses to increased flux of fatty acids and increased synthesis of cholesterol that in turn suggests a more dynamic model of cholesterol homeostasis in the liver than has been appreciated in the past. (+info)

Characterization of a new form of inherited hypercholesterolemia: familial recessive hypercholesterolemia. (3/731)

We previously described a Sardinian family in which the probands had a severe form of hypercholesterolemia, suggestive of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). However, low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity in fibroblasts from these subjects and LDL binding ability were normal. The characteristics of the pedigree were consistent with an autosomal recessive trait. Sitosterolemia and pseudohomozygous hyperlipidemia were ruled out. A second Sardinian kindred with similar characteristics was identified. Probands showed severe hypercholesterolemia, whereas their parents and grandparents were normolipidemic. FH, familial defective apoprotein (apo) B, sitosterolemia, and cholesteryl ester storage disease were excluded by in vitro studies. We addressed the metabolic basis of this inherited disorder by studying the in vivo metabolism of LDL in 3 probands from these 2 families. 125I-LDL turnover studies disclosed a marked reduction in the fractional catabolic rate (0.19+/-0.01 versus 0.36+/-0.03 pools per day, respectively; P<0.001) and a significant increase in the production rate [20.7+/-4.4 versus 14. 0+/-2.4 mg. kg-1. d-1, respectively; P<0.01] of LDL apoB in the probands compared with normolipidemic controls. We then studied the in vivo biodistribution and tissue uptake of 99mtechnetium-labeled LDL in the probands and compared them with those in normal controls and 1 FH homozygote. The probands showed a significant reduction in hepatic LDL uptake, similar to that observed in the FH homozygote. A reduced uptake of LDL by the kidney and spleen was also observed in all patients. Our findings suggest that this recessive form of hypercholesterolemia is due to a marked reduction of in vivo LDL catabolism. This appears to be caused by a selective reduction in hepatic LDL uptake. We propose that in this new lipid disorder, a recessive defect causes a selective impairment of LDL receptor function in the liver. (+info)

Selective modification of apoB-100 in the oxidation of low density lipoproteins by myeloperoxidase in vitro. (4/731)

Oxidative modification of LDL may be important in the initiation and/or progression of atherosclerosis, but the precise mechanisms through which low density lipoprotein (LDL) is oxidized are unknown. Recently, evidence for the existence of HOCl-oxidized LDL in human atherosclerotic lesions has been reported, and myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is thought to act through production of HOCl, has been identified in human atherosclerotic lesions. In the present report we describe the formation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)-reactive modifications in the apolipoprotein (apo) by exposure of LDL to myeloperoxidase in vitro. In contrast with the complex mixture of peptides from oxidation of LDL with reagent HOCl, oxidation with MPO in vitro produced a major tryptic peptide showing absorbance at 365 nm. This peptide was isolated and characterized as VELEVPQL(*C)SFILK..., corresponding to amino acid residues 53-66...on apoB-100. Mass spectrometric analyses of two tryptic peptides from oxidation of LDL by HOCl indicated formation of the corresponding methionine sulfoxide (M=O), cysteinyl azo (*C), RS -N= N-DNP, derivatives of EEL(*C)T(M=O)FIR and LNDLNS VLV(M=O)PTFHVPFTDLQVPS(*C)K, which suggest oxidation to the corresponding sulfinic acids (RSO2H) by HOCl. The present results demonstrate that DNPH-reactive modifications other than aldehydes and ketones can be formed in the oxidation of proteins and illustrate how characterization of specific products of protein oxidation can be useful in assessing the relative contributions of different and unexpected mechanisms to the oxidation of LDL and other target substrates. The data also suggest a direct interaction of the LDL particle with the active site on myeloperoxidase and indicate that effects of the protein microenvironment can greatly influence product formation and stability. (+info)

ApoB100 secretion from HepG2 cells is decreased by the ACAT inhibitor CI-1011: an effect associated with enhanced intracellular degradation of ApoB. (5/731)

The concept that hepatic cholesteryl ester (CE) mass and the rate of cholesterol esterification regulate hepatocyte assembly and secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins remains controversial. The present study was carried out in HepG2 cells to correlate the rate of cholesterol esterification and CE mass with apoB secretion by CI-1011, an acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor that is known to decrease apoB secretion, in vivo, in miniature pigs. HepG2 cells were incubated with CI-1011 (10 nmol/L, 1 micromol/L, and 10 micromol/L) for 24 hours. ApoB secretion into media was decreased by 25%, 27%, and 43%, respectively (P<0.0012). CI-1011 (10 micromol/L) inhibited HepG2 cell ACAT activity by 79% (P<0.002) and cellular CE mass by 32% (P<0.05). In contrast, another ACAT inhibitor, DuP 128 (10 micromol/L), decreased cellular ACAT activity and CE mass by 85% (P<0.002) and 42% (P=0.01), respectively, but had no effect on apoB secretion into media. To characterize the reduction in apoB secretion by CI-1011, pulse-chase experiments were performed and analyzed by multicompartmental modelling using SAAM II. CI-1011 did not affect the synthesis of apoB or albumin. However, apoB secretion into the media was decreased by 42% (P=0.019). Intracellular apoB degradation increased proportionately (P=0.019). The secretion of albumin and cellular reuptake of labeled lipoproteins were unchanged. CI-1011 and DuP 128 did not affect apoB mRNA concentrations. These results show that CI-1011 decreases apoB secretion by a mechanism that involves an enhanced intracellular degradation of apoB. This study demonstrates that ACAT inhibitors can exert differential effects on apoB secretion from HepG2 cells that do not reflect their efficacy in inhibiting cholesterol esterification. (+info)

Secondary radicals derived from chloramines of apolipoprotein B-100 contribute to HOCl-induced lipid peroxidation of low-density lipoproteins. (6/731)

Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is thought to contribute to atherogenesis. Although there is increasing evidence for a role of myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants such as hypochlorite (HOCl), the mechanism by which HOCl modifies LDL remains controversial. Some studies report the protein component to be the major site of attack, whereas others describe extensive lipid peroxidation. The present study addresses this controversy. The results obtained are consistent with the hypothesis that radical-induced oxidation of LDL's lipids by HOCl is a secondary reaction, with most HOCl consumed via rapid, non-radical reaction with apolipoprotein B-100. Subsequent incubation of HOCl-treated LDL gives rise to lipid peroxidation and antioxidant consumption in a time-dependent manner. Similarly, with myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl- (the source of HOCl in vivo), protein oxidation is rapid and followed by an extended period of lipid peroxidation during which further protein oxidation does not occur. The secondary lipid peroxidation process involves EPR-detectable radicals, is attenuated by a radical trap or treatment of HOCl-oxidized LDL with methionine, and occurs less rapidly when the lipoprotein was depleted of alpha-tocopherol. The initial reaction of low concentrations of HOCl (400-fold or 800-fold molar excess) with LDL therefore seems to occur primarily by two-electron reactions with side-chain sites on apolipoprotein B-100. Some of the initial reaction products, identified as lysine-residue-derived chloramines, subsequently undergo homolytic (one-electron) reactions to give radicals that initiate antioxidant consumption and lipid oxidation via tocopherol-mediated peroxidation. The identification of these chloramines, and the radicals derived from them, as initiating agents in LDL lipid peroxidation offers potential new targets for antioxidative therapy in atherogenesis. (+info)

Molecular bases of low production rates of apolipoprotein B-100 and truncated apoB-82 in a mutant HepG2 cell line generated by targeted modification of the apolipoprotein B gene. (7/731)

In subjects with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia heterozygous for truncated forms of apolipoprotein B, both apoB-100 and the truncated forms are produced at lower than expected rates. We studied the mechanism of low levels of apoB in a cell model produced by targeted modification of the apob gene of HepG2 cells. One of the three alleles of apob was found to be targeted. The targeted cells expressed apoB-100 and B-82. The media of mutant cells contained 56% of the levels of apoB-100 present in the media of wild-type (WT) HepG2 cells. ApoB-82 was present at 11% of the apoB-100 levels in mutant cell media. An 85-kD protein (apoB-15) representing the N-terminal fragment of apoB was also secreted, but only in the mutant cell media. We examined the mechanism of low levels of apoB-82. Cellular apoB-82 mRNA was 11% of apoB-100 mRNA, lower than the 33% expected, but consistent with relative levels of apoB-82 in the media. ApoB mRNA transcription in WT and the mutant cells did not differ, while the levels of apoB-82 mRNA in nuclei and polysomes were 46% and 12% of the levels of apoB-100 mRNA, respectively, suggesting that the lower levels of apoB-82 mRNA were due to altered message stability. In a pulse/chase experiment with [35S] methionine, at zero time of chase, the amounts of apoB-100 in mutant cells was 66% that of WT levels, consistent with the modification of one allele. The fractions of newly synthesized apoB-100 secreted into the media at 2 h were 10% in the mutant cells and 19% in the WT cells, suggesting greater presecretory degradation of apoB-100 in the mutant cells. Thus, low levels of mutant apoB-82 mRNA gave rise to the low levels of apoB-82, while low levels of apoB-100 were due to low rates of secretion. (+info)

Truncated apo B-70.5-containing lipoproteins bind to megalin but not the LDL receptor. (8/731)

Apo B-100 of LDL can bind to both the LDL receptor and megalin, but the molecular interactions of apo B-100 with these 2 receptors are not completely understood. Naturally occurring mutant forms of apo B may be a source of valuable information on these interactions. Apo B-70.5 is uniquely useful because it contains the NH2-terminal portion of apo B-100, that includes only one of the two putative LDL receptor-binding sites (site A). The lipoprotein containing apo B-70. 5 (Lp B-70.5) was purified from apo B-100/apo B-70.5 heterozygotes by sequential ultracentrifugation combined with immunoaffinity chromatography. Cell culture experiments, ligand blot analysis, and in vivo studies all consistently showed that Lp B-70.5 is not recognized by the LDL receptor. The kidney was identified as a major organ in catabolism of Lp B-70.5 in New Zealand white rabbits. Autoradiographic analysis revealed that renal proximal tubular cells selectively removed Lp B-70.5. On ligand blotting of renal cortical membranes, Lp B-70.5 bound only to megalin. The ability of megalin to mediate cellular endocytosis of Lp B-70.5 was confirmed using retinoic acid/dibutyryl cAMP-treated F9 cells. This study suggests that the putative LDL receptor-binding site A on apo B-100 might not by itself be a functional binding domain and that the apo B-binding sites recognized by the LDL receptor and by megalin may be different. Moreover, megalin may play an important role in renal catabolism of apo B truncations, including apo B-70.5. (+info)

Olofsson SO, Borèn J (November 2005). "Apolipoprotein B: a clinically important apolipoprotein which assembles atherogenic ... Apolipoprotein B-100 has been linked to the development of atherosclerosis. APOB (see native LDL-ApoB structure at 37°C on ... Apolipoprotein B can exist in two forms: B-100 and B-48. Apolipoprotein B-100 is present on several lipoproteins, including ... Vitellogenin precursors are multi-domain apolipoproteins (proteins that bind to lipids to form lipoproteins), that are cleaved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitellogenin

April 1987). "Association of an apolipoprotein CII allele with familial dementia of the Alzheimer type". Journal of ... 23 (1): 100-13. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1464. hdl:2027.42/31345. PMID 7829057. Schellenberg GD, Deeb SS, Boehnke M, et al. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_M._Martin

Cholesterol is imported into the neuron by apolipoprotein E (apoE) via LRP1 receptors on the cell surface. It has been ... Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), also known as alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor (A2MR), apolipoprotein ... "Apolipoprotein E isoform-specific effects on lipoprotein receptor processing". Neuromolecular Medicine. 16 (4): 686-696. doi: ... "Interaction of cytosolic adaptor proteins with neuronal apolipoprotein E receptors and the amyloid precursor protein". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LRP1

... binds to the messenger RNA coding for apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100), a protein that is the main component of low- ... It accumulates in the liver,[citation needed] which is convenient since apolipoprotein B predominantly acts there. Protein ... a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of apolipoprotein B". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 54 (2): 133-146. doi: ... and ApoB-100 is not translated. After subcutaneous injection, mipomersen reaches highest blood levels after 3 to 4 hours. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mipomersen

"Reduced hippocampal insulin-degrading enzyme in late-onset Alzheimer's disease is associated with the apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 ... 100 (7): 4162-7. doi:10.1073/pnas.0230450100. PMC 153065. PMID 12634421. Cook DG, Leverenz JB, McMillan PJ, Kulstad JJ, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-degrading_enzyme

He and his associates were the first to achieve complete synthesis of a plasma apolipoprotein (apo C-I); they also determined ... the complete cDNA and amino acid sequence of apo B-100, one of the largest proteins ever sequenced and a key protein in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Gotto

... namely lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein C-III. Combined, these observations suggest that, as well as LDL cholesterol, ... novel insights from recent kinetic studies of apolipoprotein B-100 metabolism". Atherosclerosis. Supplements. 2 (3): 1-4. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDL_receptor

"Genetic Study of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Gene and Apolipoprotein B-100 Gene among Malaysian Patients with Familial ... Mutations in the donor and acceptor splice sites in different genes causing inherited disorders More than 100 immune system ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapiro–Senapathy_algorithm

Nascent VLDL released from the liver contains apolipoprotein B100, apolipoprotein C1 (apoC1), apolipoprotein E (apoE), ... As it circulates in blood, it picks up apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II) and additional apoE donated from high-density lipoprotein ... VLDL is assembled in the liver from triglycerides, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins. VLDL is converted in the bloodstream to ... and apolipoprotein E receptor-2". Biochim Biophys Acta. 1529 (1-3): 287-298. doi:10.1016/S1388-1981(00)00155-4. PMID 11111096. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_low-density_lipoprotein

HDL particles donate apolipoprotein C-II and apolipoprotein E to the nascent VLDL particle. Once loaded with apolipoproteins C- ... and apolipoproteins. Plasma lipoproteins are divided into seven classes based on size, lipid composition, and apolipoproteins. ... resulting in HDL donation of apolipoprotein C-II and apolipoprotein E to the nascent chylomicron. The chylomicron at this stage ... LDL contains apolipoprotein B (apoB), which allows LDL to bind to different tissues, such as the artery wall if the glycocalyx ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoprotein

Advanced the 4955 into drug development, which is a compound that targets Apolipoprotein B and could decrease and manage high ... Received the Red Herring Top 100 Europe Award. 2011: Obtained license from Mass General Hospital for intellectual property ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santaris_Pharma

... enzymatic activity induces hydrolytic modification of apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoproteins, including LDL, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathepsin_D

... the apolipoprotein A1 remnant ratio (Apo A1/ [VLDL₃+IDL]). Lipids Health Dis. 2013 Apr 26;12:55.. ... The ADA-ACC consensus statement establishes measurement and treatment guidelines for Apolipoprotein B,apoB in addition to LDL ... Also, estimated LDL-C is falsely low when directly measured LDL-C is < 100 mg/dL or when triglycerides are elevated. The VAP ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_auto_profile

Mice deficient in apolipoprotein B are more susceptible to invasive bacterial infection. LDL can be grouped based on its size: ... Each particle contains a single apolipoprotein B-100 molecule (Apo B-100, a protein that has 4536 amino acid residues and a ... The mechanism of antagonism entails binding apolipoprotein B to a S. aureus autoinducer pheromone, preventing signaling through ... organized by a single apolipoprotein B for LDL and the larger particles). A single LDL particle is about 220-275 angstroms in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_lipoprotein

... although nonglycosylated and immature forms of apolipoprotein[a] are competent to associate with apolipoprotein B-100 in vitro ... The structure of apolipoprotein(a) is similar to plasminogen and tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) and it competes with ... Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] consists of an LDL-like particle and the specific apolipoprotein(a), which is bound covalently to the ... 50 mg/dL (>125 nmol/L) Lp(a) appears with different isoforms (per kringle repeats) of apolipoprotein; 40% of the variation in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoprotein(a)

"Entrez Gene: APOE apolipoprotein E".. *↑ Liu CC, Liu CC, Kanekiyo T, Xu H, Bu G (Feb 2013). "Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer ... "Alzheimer Research Forum: Meta-Analyses of apolipoprotein E AD Association Studies".. *↑ Weisgraber KH, Innerarity TL, Mahley ... Mahley RW, Rall SC (2002). "Apolipoprotein E: far more than a lipid transport protein". Annual Review of Genomics and Human ... Apolipoproteins E Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) na Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos EUA. ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoproteína_E

Apolipoprotein E4 allele in a population based study of early onset Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet. 1994;7:74-9. Hendriks L, et ... Atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein and prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The Rotterdam Study. Lancet. 1997;349:151-4 ... 1988;318:1093-100. Hofman A, Hazebroek A, Valkenburg HA. A randomized trial of sodium intake and blood pressure in newborn ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Hofman

Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (broad beta disease, remnant removal disease) Familial ... 100 (1): 111S-115S. doi:10.1038/jid.1993.33. PMID 8423379. Lynch, Peter J (1994). Dermatology. Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions

Apolipoprotein B, in its ApoB100 form, is the main apolipoprotein, or protein part of the lipoprotein particle. Its gene is ... Class III: LDLR does not properly bind LDL on the cell surface because of a defect in either apolipoprotein B100 (R3500Q) or in ... In January 2013, The US FDA also approved mipomersen, which inhibits the action of the gene apolipoprotein B, for the treatment ... LDL cholesterol normally circulates in the body for 2.5 days, and subsequently the apolipoprotein B portion of LDL cholesterol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_hypercholesterolemia

... sickness Deep vein thrombosis Dabbing Syndrome Defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin Defective apolipoprotein B-100 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(D)

In 1979 researchers discovered that people in Limone possess a mutant form of apolipoprotein (called ApoA-1 Milano) in their ... "Cardiovascular status of carriers of the apolipoprotein A-I(Milano) mutant: the Limone sul Garda study" (PDF). Circulation. 103 ... a dozen of those living here are over the age of 100 (for c. 1,000 total inhabitants).[citation needed] The origin of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limone_sul_Garda

These molecules contain apolipoprotein B100 and apolipoprotein E in their shells, and can be degraded by lipoprotein lipase on ... Chylomicrons, the least dense cholesterol transport molecules, contain apolipoprotein B-48, apolipoprotein C, and ... adjusted for apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein B) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, casting doubt on the ... Upon binding of apolipoprotein B100, many LDL receptors concentrate in clathrin-coated pits. Both LDL and its receptor form ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol

apolipoprotein B deficiency, a related condition, is associated with deficiencies of apolipoprotein B.) The MTTP gene provides ... It is caused by a mutation in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein resulting in deficiencies in the apolipoproteins B-48 ... Low levels of plasma chylomicron are also characteristic.[citation needed] There is an absence of apolipoprotein B. On ... The disease is extremely rare with approximately 100 reported cases worldwide since it was first identified by doctors Bassen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abetalipoproteinemia

"Homozygous disruption of Pctp modulates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice". J. Lipid Res. 47 (11): 2400-7. doi ... 274 (1): 100-11. doi:10.1006/excr.2001.5460. hdl:1874/14384. PMID 11855861. Roderick SL, Chan WW, Agate DS, Olsen LR, Vetting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylcholine_transfer_protein

Identification of apolipoprotein D, apolipoprotein A-IV, apolipoprotein E, and apolipoprotein A-I". The Journal of Biological ... "Entrez Gene: APOD apolipoprotein D". Muffat J, Walker DW (January 2010). "Apolipoprotein D: an overview of its role in aging ... Apolipoprotein D (Apo-D) is a component of high-density lipoprotein that has no marked similarity to other apolipoprotein ... Apolipoproteins+D at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Applied Research on Apolipoproteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_D

"Entrez Gene: APOE apolipoprotein E". Liu CC, Liu CC, Kanekiyo T, Xu H, Bu G (February 2013). "Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer ... The gene, APOE, is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) and the apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2). The ... "Genetic studies of human apolipoproteins. X. The effect of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism on quantitative levels of ... Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a protein involved in the metabolism of fats in the body of mammals. A subtype is implicated in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_E

... (ApoB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOB gene. Apolipoprotein B is the primary apolipoprotein ... Su Q, Tsai J, Xu E, Qiu W, Bereczki E, Santha M, Adeli K (2009). "Apolipoprotein B100 acts as a molecular link between lipid- ... MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Apolipoprotein B100 Cromwell WC, Otvos JD, Keyes MJ, Pencina MJ, Sullivan L, Vasan RS, Wilson PW, ... Overproduction of apolipoprotein B can result in lipid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance in the liver ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_B

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA1 gene. As the major component of HDL particles, it has a ... Apolipoprotein A1 is the major protein component of HDL particles in plasma. Chylomicrons secreted from the intestinal ... Apolipoprotein A1 and APOE interact epistatically to modulate triglyceride levels in coronary heart disease patients. ... Described in 1980, it was the first known molecular abnormality of apolipoproteins. Paradoxically, carriers of this mutation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_A1

Myklebost O, Rogne S (August 1986). "The gene for human apolipoprotein CI is located 4.3 kilobases away from the apolipoprotein ... "Two copies of the human apolipoprotein C-I gene are linked closely to the apolipoprotein E gene". The Journal of Biological ... Apolipoprotein C-I is a protein component of lipoproteins that in humans is encoded by the APOC1 gene. The protein encoded by ... "Entrez Gene: APOC1 apolipoprotein C-I". Puppione DL, Ryan CM, Bassilian S, Souda P, Xiao X, Ryder OA, Whitelegge JP (March 2010 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_C-I

... is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from a missense mutation which reduces the affinity of ... apoB-100 for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL Receptor). This causes impairments in LDL catabolism, resulting in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_B_deficiency

Aktivin i inhibin • ADAM • Alfa 1-antihimotripsin • Apolipoprotein H • CD70 • Asijaloglikoprotein • Avidin • B-ćelijski ... 51-100. CD51 • CD52 • CD53 • CD54 • CD55 • CD56 • CD57 • CD58 • CD59 • CD61 • CD62 (E, L, P) • CD63 • CD64 (A, B, C) • CD66 (a ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faktor_aktivacije_B-ćelija

載脂蛋白B缺乏症（英语：Apolipoprotein B deficiency） ... 隨著社會變得越來越依賴熱量密度高

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/肥胖

... adjusted for apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein B) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, casting doubt on the ... By serving as ligands for specific receptors on cell membranes, the apolipoproteins that reside on the surface of a given ... van der Steeg WA (2008). "High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein particle size, and apolipoprotein A-I ... The desirable LDL level is considered to be less than 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L)[28], although a newer target of , 70 mg/dL can be ...

https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/කොලෙස්ටරෝල්

... a subgroup of individuals with the apolipoprotein E4 genotype showed sustained benefits with donepezil throughout the study.[34 ... 70 hours[3] Around 100 hours in elderly patients.[1]. Duration of action. With daily dosing, steady-state concentration is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donepezil

They are a very specific marker for the disease, with some studies quoting nearly 100%.[7] Data on sensitivity ranges from 25 ... PM/Scl-100 (70-80%), PM/Scl-75 (46-80%), hRrp4 (50%), hRrp42 (21%), hRrp46 (18%), hCs14 (14%), hRrp41 (10%) and hRrp40 (7%).[47 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-nuclear_antibody

An example in humans is the apolipoprotein B mRNA, which is edited in some tissues, but not others. The editing creates an ... The primary RNA transcript of a gene is cleaved at the poly-A addition site, and 100-200 A's are added to the 3' end of the RNA ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glikoprotein_130

... of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins ... 8.95 g/100 g (0 °C). 60.5 g/100 g (20 °C). 1590 g/100 g (40 °C)[4] ... 12.7 g/100 g (0 °C). 120 g/100 g (20 °C). 2250 g/100 g (40 °C)[4] ... 9.4 g/100 g (0 °C). 52 g/100 g (20°C). 1250 g/100 g (40°C)[4] ... 83 mg/L (100 °C)[4] Solubility Soluble in alcohols, (C2H5)2O, ...

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/ലോറിക്_ആസിഡ്

Specifically too, the apolipoprotein *e4 allele is linked to Alzheimer's disease as well. Also, there is increased coronary ... research has been put on concerning apolipoprotein E genotypes; this polymorphism has three alleles (*e2, *e3, and *e4)and was ... 100-meter backstroke), and Ford Konno (1500-meter freestyle) each won gold and set Olympic records in the 1952 Olympics. Konno ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese-American

Apolipoproteins. *Growth factors. *Chemokines. The enzymes and proteins listed above serve to reinforce the glycocalyx barrier ... irregularly shaped layer extending approximately 50-100 nm into the lumen of a blood vessel. Another study used cryo ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycocalyx

100] and their realization that this protein is the same as the Bence-Jones protein described in 1845 by Henry Bence Jones.[101 ... 30 (1): 93-100. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2005.06.019. PMC 1317265 . PMID 16150486.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

Apolipoprotein E, Dementia, and Cortical Deposition of Beta-amyloid Protein. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1995;333(19): ... a b Apolipoprotein E4: a causative factor and therapeutic target in neuropathology, including Alzheimer's disease. Proceedings ... Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial ... allellen tilhørende apolipoprotein E (APOE).[42][43] Mellem 40 og 80% af patienterne med AD har mindst én APOEε4-allel.[43] ...

https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimers_sygdom

... and apolipoproteins A and B.[24] ... have had a serum level of 44.4 mg/100 mL instead of 8.5 mg/100 ... The patient reported by Morley and Wynne would have had serum barbiturate levels of 50 mg/100 mL, which would have been fatal.[ ... Work done twelve years later found that the serum phenobarbital 0.111 mg/100 mL for every mg/kg of primidone ingested. Authors ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primidone

"Lack of macrophage fatty-acid-binding protein aP2 protects mice deficient in apolipoprotein E against atherosclerosis". Nature ... Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13-oxoODE

74.0 74.1 Mahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Huang Y (Aprili 2006). "Apolipoprotein E4: a causative factor and therapeutic target in ... Polvikoski T, Sulkava R, Haltia M, et al. (Novemba 1995). "Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of beta-amyloid ... Strittmatter WJ, Saunders AM, Schmechel D, et al. (Machi 1993). "Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and ... na 100%.[90] Inapotumika na mbinu zilizopo za upigaji picha za ubongo, madaktari wanaweza kutambua wagonjwa wa kupoteza ...

https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugonjwa_wa_Alzheimer

... polyphenol-rich extract improves antioxidant function and reduces total plasma cholesterol in apolipoprotein E knockout mice". ... J Appl Physiol 100 (4): 1164-70. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00626.2005. PMID 16339348. ... Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 100 (3): 178-184. doi:10.2307/2484630. JSTOR 2484630. ...

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/野櫻莓

apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway. • positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin_beta_3

... of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins ... Use of B100 (100% biodiesel) is possible only in temperate climates, as the gel point is approximately 10 °C (50 °F). The oil ... Half of the saturated fat content of coconut oil is lauric acid (41.8 grams per 100 grams of total composition), while other ... "Fats and fatty acids contents per 100 g (click for "more details"). Example: Avocado oil (user can search for other oils)". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_coconut_oil

Recent research indicates that these apolipoproteins interact with scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1). SR-B1 is able to remove ... the virus is thought to be able to associate with apolipoproteins. It could surround itself with lipoproteins, partially ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C_virus

"Protective effect of apolipoprotein E type 2 allele for late onset Alzheimer disease". Nature Genetics. 7 (2): 180-4. doi: ... The basic intuition of the twin study is that monozygotic twins share 100% of their genome and dizygotic twins share, on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioural_genetics

... a specific isoform of apolipoprotein, APOE4, is a major genetic risk factor for AD. While apolipoproteins enhance the breakdown ... The best known genetic risk factor is the inheritance of the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE).[44][45] Between 40 and ... "Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of beta-amyloid protein". The New England Journal of Medicine. 333 (19): ... "Interactions of metals and Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease". Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 6: 121. doi:10.3389/ ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer's

Xu H, Finkelstein DI, Adlard PA (12 de junho de 2014). «Interactions of metals and Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease». ... Strittmatter WJ, Saunders AM, Schmechel D, Pericak-Vance M, Enghild J, Salvesen GS, Roses AD (1993). «Apolipoprotein E: high- ... Mahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Huang Y (2006). «Apolipoprotein E4: a causative factor and therapeutic target in neuropathology, ... Apolipoprotein E, Dementia, and Cortical Deposition of Beta-amyloid Protein». The New England Journal of Medicine. 333 (19): ...

https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer

Apolipoprotein E-associated. Elevation of both serum cholesterol and triglycerides; accelerated atherosclerosis, coronary heart ... The cost of genetic testing can range from under $100 to more than $2,000. This depends on the complexity of the test. The cost ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_testing

100] A large number of studies have shown positive health benefits associated with consumption of omega-3 fatty acids on infant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid

... has been shown to reduce the secretion of apolipoprotein B100 and lipids in HepG2 cells.[23] High concentrations of ... "Taurine reduces the secretion of apolipoprotein B100 and lipids in HepG2 cells". Lipids in Health and Disease. 7: 38. doi ... serum lipids and apolipoprotein B100 (essential structural component of VLDL and LDL) are major risk factors of atherosclerosis ... Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurine

Aktivin i inhibin • ADAM • Alfa 1-antihimotripsin • Apolipoprotein H • CD70 • Asijaloglikoprotein • Avidin • B-ćelijski ... Teorija antitumorog responsa imunskog sistema in vivo je bila oformljena pre više od 100 godine od strane lekara Wilijam B. ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF-α

16] Independent pathways for secretion of cholesterol and apolipoprotein E by macrophages. Science. 1983 Feb 18;219(4586):871-3 ... 2000 Feb 18;100(4):391-8. [54] Regulated step in cholesterol feedback localized to budding of SCAP from ER membranes. Cell. ...

https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Майкл_Стюарт_Браун

1995). «Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of beta-amyloid protein». N Engl J Med. 333 (19): 1242-47. PMID ... Den mest kjente genetiske risikofaktoren er arv av ε4-allelet av apolipoprotein E (APOE).[74][75] Mellom 40 og 80 % av ... 1993). «Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial ... Mahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Huang Y (2006). «Apolipoprotein E4: a causative factor and therapeutic target in neuropathology, ...

https://no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimers

Structural changes induced by acidic pH in human apolipoprotein B-100. *José A. Fernández-Higuero1,2. na1, ... Structural changes induced by acidic pH in human Apolipoprotein B-100. Sci. Rep. 6, 36324; doi: 10.1038/srep36324 (2016). ... Law, A. & Scott, J. A cross-species comparison of the apolipoprotein B domain that binds to the LDL receptor. Journal of lipid ... Segrest, J. P., Jones, M. K., De Loof, H. & Dashti, N. Structure of apolipoprotein B-100 in low density lipoproteins. Journal ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep36324?error=cookies_not_supported&code=8c4b362c-2aab-4c65-b0b9-ce3c17a765c5

Apolipoprotein B is a major protein constituent of chylomicrons (apo B-48), LDL (apo B-100) and VLDL (apo B-100). Apo B-100 ... Apolipoprotein B-48Add BLAST. 2151. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). DescriptionActions. Graphical view. ... Apolipoprotein B is a major protein constituent of chylomicrons (apo B-48), LDL (apo B-100) and VLDL (apo B-100). Apo B-100 ... sp,E9Q414,APOB_MOUSE Apolipoprotein B-100 OS=Mus musculus OX=10090 GN=Apob PE=1 SV=1 ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/E9Q414

Apolipoprotein B is a major protein constituent of chylomicrons (apo B-48), LDL (apo B-100) and VLDL (apo B-100). Apo B-100 ... Apolipoprotein B-48Add BLAST. 2119. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). DescriptionActions. Graphical view. ... Apolipoprotein B-100Add BLAST. 4716. ,p>This subsection of the PTM / Processing section describes the extent of a polypeptide ... "Identification of circulating apolipoproteins synthesized by rat small intestine in vivo.". Wu A.L., Windmueller H.G.. J. Biol ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q7TMA5

Developmental and age-related changes in apolipoprotein B mRNA editing in mice. J Lipid Res. 1992; 33: 1753-1764. ... Recombinant Human Antibodies Against Aldehyde-Modified Apolipoprotein B-100 Peptide Sequences Inhibit Atherosclerosis. ... Aldehyde-modified peptide sequences in apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) are major targets for these immune responses. ... Recombinant Human Antibodies Against Aldehyde-Modified Apolipoprotein B-100 Peptide Sequences Inhibit Atherosclerosis ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/110/14/2047

... familial hypercholesterolemia in Indians and familial defective apolipoprotein B-100. [David Chaim Rubinsztein] ... Apolipoproteins B a schema:Intangible ;. schema:name "Apolipoproteins B"@en ;. . ... schema:about apolipoproteins_b> ; # Apolipoproteins B schema: ... familial hypercholesterolemia in Indians and familial defective apolipoprotein B-100. Author:. David Chaim Rubinsztein. ...

http://www.worldcat.org/title/monogenic-hypercholesterolemia-in-south-africans-familial-hypercholesterolemia-in-indians-and-familial-defective-apolipoprotein-b-100/oclc/890418932

Immunotherapy With Tolerogenic Apolipoprotein B-100-Loaded Dendritic Cells Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemic ... Immunotherapy With Tolerogenic Apolipoprotein B-100-Loaded Dendritic Cells Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemic ... Immunotherapy With Tolerogenic Apolipoprotein B-100-Loaded Dendritic Cells Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemic ... Immunotherapy With Tolerogenic Apolipoprotein B-100-Loaded Dendritic Cells Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemic ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2011/02/28/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.973222

... ... Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Sekretion von Apolipoprotein B 100 (ApoB) - enthaltenden Lipoproteinen an der basalen Seite ... Zusätzlich wurde die plazentare Lokalisation von Apolipoprotein-Rezeptoren (LRP2, LDLR, LRP1) untersucht, um zelluläre Ziele ...

https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/hp/ipa/research-news/single-view/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=4353&cHash=0fb49127763478ee7573516fcb8af672

Use: The antibody can be used for detection of apo B-100 in plasma and lipoproteins, immunoassays, immunoblots, enzyme ... Human Apolipoprotein B100 Specificity Specifically binds to human apo B-100. Dilution for immunoblot and ELISA range: 1,000 to ... Human Apolipoprotein B100. Specificity. Specifically binds to human apo B-100. Dilution for immunoblot and ELISA range: 1,000 ... "Apolipoprotein B-48 Is the Product of a Messenger RNA with an Organ-specific In-frame Stop Codon." Science 238 (1987): 363- 66. ...

https://www.academybiomed.com/products/s07-goat-anti-human-apolipoprotein-b-100-antiserum

Buy high purity human plasma Apolipoprotein B (APO B-100) antigen for research, life science and diagnostic manufacturing uses ... 125-25 - Apolipoprotein B from human plasma - >80% (SDS-PAGE). 125-26 - Goat anti-Human Apolipoprotein B Polyclonal Antibody. ... Buy Human Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100) from Lee Biosolutions. Custom preparations, technical support, bulk quantities and ...

https://www.leebio.com/product/654/apolipoprotein-b-100-apo-b-100-human-plasma-125-18

The terms "Defective Apolipoprotein B-100" returned 27 free, full-text research articles on human participants. First 3 results ... Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 is a genetic disorder of apolipoprotein B-100 that causes moderate to severe ... A single amino acid mutation in apolipoprotein B diminishes the ability of low density lipoproteins to bind to the low density ... Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery calcification in ...

http://diseaseinfosearch.org/Defective+Apolipoprotein+B-100/2166

Apolipoproteins C-III and A-V as Predictors of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Triglyceride and Apolipoprotein B-100 Kinetics. ... Apolipoproteins C-III and A-V as Predictors of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Triglyceride and Apolipoprotein B-100 Kinetics ... Apolipoproteins C-III and A-V as Predictors of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Triglyceride and Apolipoprotein B-100 Kinetics ... Apolipoproteins C-III and A-V as Predictors of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Triglyceride and Apolipoprotein B-100 Kinetics ...

http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/26/3/590

Tenger C, Zhou X. Apolipoprotein e modulates immune activation by acting on the antigen-presenting cell. Immunology. 2003; 109 ... A peptide sequence from apolipoprotein B-100 of low-density lipoprotein was fused with the B subunit of cholera toxin and used ... Intranasal Immunization With an Apolipoprotein B-100 Fusion Protein Induces Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells and Reduces ... Intranasal Immunization With an Apolipoprotein B-100 Fusion Protein Induces Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells and Reduces ...

http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/30/5/946.long

Cholesterol Substrate Availability as a Regulator of the Hepatic Secretion Rate of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein ... Cholesterol Substrate Availability as a Regulator of the Hepatic Secretion Rate of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein ... Cholesterol Substrate Availability as a Regulator of the Hepatic Secretion Rate of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein ... Cholesterol Substrate Availability as a Regulator of the Hepatic Secretion Rate of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein ...

http://www.clinsci.org/content/89/s33/15P.3

Defective apolipoprotein B-100) with alternative diagnoses, full-text book chapters, misdiagnosis, research treatments, ... and treatment information for Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 ( ... Apolipoprotein B *Familial *Familial disorder *Defective *Apolipoprotein Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 as a Disease. ... OMIM - APOLIPOPROTEIN B; APOB Source: Diseases Database Interesting Medical Articles:. *Symptoms of the Silent Killer Diseases ...

https://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/familial_defective_apolipoprotein_b_100.htm

Recombinant Sus scrofa (pig) Apolipoprotein M (ApoM), Transfected HEK293 Cell Lysate. Catalog Number. Pack Size. List Price*. ...

https://lucerna-chem.ch/shop/3399819/recombinant-sus-scrofa-pig-apolipoprotein-m-apom-transfected-hek293-cell-lysate

LDL-cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B levels. The study elucidates that ApoB gene polymorphisms are associated with CAD in north ... The aim of this study was to investigate the association between apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms and coronary artery ... The aim of this study was to investigate the association between apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms and coronary artery ... Association of DNA Polymorphism at the Apolipoprotein B-100 Gene Locus with Plasma Lipid Concentration and Coronary Artery ...

https://thescipub.com/abstract/10.3844/ajbbsp.2006.138.145

... Geisel J, Schleifenbaum T, Oette K, Weisshaar B (1992 ... Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 in 12 subjects and their kindred. European Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical ... "Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 in 12 subjects and their kindred". European Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical ... Familial ligand-defective apolipoprotein B. Identification of a new mutation that decreases LDL receptor binding affinity.. ...

https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/publication/1868003

Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 homozygote with premature coronary atherosclerosis. A case report.. Horinek A, Ceska R ... Improved detection of familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 by restriction-site-introducing polymerase chain reaction. Geisel ... Geisel J, Schleifenbaum T, Weisshaar B, Oette K. Improved detection of familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 by restriction- ... Geisel, J., Schleifenbaum, T., Weisshaar, B., and Oette, K. (1993). Improved detection of familial defective apolipoprotein B- ...

https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/publication/1867989

ApoB100, Apolipoprotein B, ApoB, Apolipoprotein (B). What is this test?. This test measures the amount of a certain type of ... Apolipoprotein B-100. Does this test have other names?. ... cholesterol called apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB) in your blood. ... Results are given in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Normal levels of Apo B-100 in adults are less than 100 mg/dL. Your risk ...

http://www.ahealthyme.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Orthopedic/167,apolipoprotein_b100

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_E

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_C-I

2014;37:79-100. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014300. Epub 2014 Apr 21. Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt; Review ... Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimers disease: an update.. Yu JT1, Tan L, Hardy J. ... Apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been irrefutably recognized as the major genetic risk factor, with semidominant inheritance, for ... Annu Rev Neurosci. 2014;37:79-100. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014300. Epub 2014 Apr 21. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24821312?dopt=Abstract

Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimers disease: strength of association is related to age at onset. Dementia 1996;7(5):251-5. ... Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 and the risk of dementia with stroke. A population-based investigation. JAMA 1997;277(10):818-21. ... Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and atherosclerosis: insight from a study in octogenarians. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 1987;99: ... Apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype as a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia: data from the Canadian Study of Health and ...

http://www.cmaj.ca/content/171/8/863.full

Forskning , Publikationer , Human placenta secretes apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoproteins Human placenta secretes ... In mice, disruption of yolk sac cell secretion of apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins results in embryonic lethality ... 35)S-labeled apoB-100 was recovered in d approximately 1.02-1.04 g/ml particles (i.e. similar to the density of plasma low ... These results demonstrate that human placenta expresses both apoB and MTP and consequently synthesize and secrete apoB-100- ...

https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/human-placenta-secretes-apolipoprotein-b100containing-lipoproteins

The apolipoprotein B (Apo B) is a protein involved in the metabolism of lipids. The apo B test may be used, along with other ... Apolipoproteins combine with lipids to transport them throughout the bloodstream. Apolipoproteins provide structural integrity ... Apolipoprotein B-100 (also called apolipoprotein B or apo B) is a protein that is involved in the metabolism of lipids and is ... The apolipoprotein B (apo B) test is used, along with other lipid tests, to help determine an individuals risk of developing ...

https://labtestsonline.org/tests/apo-b

Assays for Transthyretin and Apolipoprotein A1. To quantitatively measure and compare apolipoprotein A1 and posttranslationally ... For apolipoprotein A1, IMAC ProteinChip Arrays were precharged with 50 μL of 50 mmol/L CuSO4 for 10 minutes, washed four times ... Time-lag focus mass was set at 14,000 Da for transthyretin and 28,000 Da for apolipoprotein A1. Sampling rate was set at 800 ... Jungner I, Marcovina SM, Walldius G, Holme I, Kolar W, Steiner E. Apolipoprotein B and A-1 values in 147,576 Swedish males and ...

http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/15/9/1641

Inhibition of apolipoprotein B100 secretion by lipid-induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress in rodents. J Clin Invest. ... Inhibition of apolipoprotein B synthesis stimulates endoplasmic reticulum autophagy that prevents steatosis. Donna M. Conlon, ... The ever-expanding role of degradation in the regulation of apolipoprotein B metabolism. J Lipid Res. 2009;50(Suppl):S162-S166. ... Chylomicron-sized lipid particles are formed in the setting of apolipoprotein B deficiency. J Lipid Res. 1998;39(8):1543-1557. ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/86028

The apolipoprotein B (ApoB) blood test measures apolipoprotein B100, the ApoB protein that is associated with three different ... Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein involved in the metabolism of lipids and is the main protein constituent of all non-HDL ... This test examines levels of Apolipoprotein B100, the ApoB protein associated with LDL, VLDL, and IDL ... 100% Satisfaction Guarantee. Full one-year, no-hassle returns, money-back guarantee. ...

https://www.lifeextension.com/lab-testing/itemlc167015/apolipoprotein-b-blood-test

Beisiegel U, Utermann G. An apolipoprotein homology of rat apolipoprotein A-IV in human plasma: isolation and partial ... Afamin and Apolipoprotein A-IV: Novel Protein Markers for Ovarian Cancer. Hans Dieplinger, Donna Pauler Ankerst, Alexander ... Afamin and Apolipoprotein A-IV: Novel Protein Markers for Ovarian Cancer. Hans Dieplinger, Donna Pauler Ankerst, Alexander ... Afamin and Apolipoprotein A-IV: Novel Protein Markers for Ovarian Cancer. Hans Dieplinger, Donna Pauler Ankerst, Alexander ...

http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/18/4/1127

... polyclonal anti-apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) (1:2000 dilution), and anti-apolipoprotein B-48 (apo B-48) (1:2000 dilution) ... d Apolipoprotein A-I abundance. e Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) activity. f PLTP abundance. Experimental data were ... Serum apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) levels were measured using Mouse Apolipoprotein B (APOB) ELISA (Cusabio Biotech Co. Ltd ... b HDL apolipoprotein D abundance. c Antioxidant HDL capacity. Experimental data were collected from four independent animal ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186%2Fs40659-018-0183-6

The antibody can be used for detection of apo B-100 in plasma and lipoproteins, immunoassays, immunoblots, enzyme conjugation, or biotinylation. (academybiomed.com)
Structure of Apolipoprotein B-100 of Human Low Density Lipoproteins. (academybiomed.com)
Apolipoprotein (apo)C-III, a glycoprotein synthesized by the liver and intestine, plays a central role in regulating the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) including VLDL and their remnants in plasma. (ahajournals.org)
Apolipoprotein C-I is a protein component of lipoproteins that in humans is encoded by the APOC1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Apolipoprotein C-I has a length of 57 amino acids normally found in plasma and responsible for the activation of esterified lecithin cholesterol with an important role in the exchange of esterified cholesterol between lipoproteins and in removal of cholesterol from tissues. (wikipedia.org)
During fasting (like other apolipoprotein C), it is found primarily within HDL, while after a meal it is found on the surface of other lipoproteins. (wikipedia.org)
In mice, disruption of yolk sac cell secretion of apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins results in embryonic lethality. (ku.dk)
35)S-labeled apoB-100 was recovered in d approximately 1.02-1.04 g/ml particles (i.e. similar to the density of plasma low density lipoproteins). (ku.dk)
These results demonstrate that human placenta expresses both apoB and MTP and consequently synthesize and secrete apoB-100-containing lipoproteins. (ku.dk)
Apolipoproteins provide structural integrity to lipoproteins and shield the water-repellent (hydrophobic) lipids at their center. (labtestsonline.org)
Inhibition of VLDL secretion reduces plasma levels of atherogenic apolipoprotein B (apoB) lipoproteins but can also cause hepatic steatosis. (jci.org)
Human liver was minced and incubated in 15 mL methionine-free RPMI-1640 medium with 10% dialyzed fetal calf serum plus 250 μCi 35 S-methionine for eight hours at 37 °C. Lipoproteins secreted by the liver were isolated by ultracentrifugation and the content of newly synthesized apo B determined by quantitation of radioactivity in the apoB-100 and apoB-48 bands after separation by 3% NaDodSO 4 gel electrophoresis. (elsevier.com)
Apolipoprotein E is a glycoprotein synthesized mainly in the liver and the brain and is a component of most lipoproteins with the exception of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). (abcam.com)
To define whether the changes in the production of apoA-I- and apoB-containing lipoproteins were due to variations in apoB and apoA-I synthesis, the initial synthetic rate (pulse-labeling) and the mRNA content of these apolipoproteins were investigated. (unimore.it)
Apolipoprotein C-II (apoCII) is in found in chylomicrons (large lipoprotein particles absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract) and VLDL (large lipoproteins that are broken down to eventually form LDL). (abcam.com)
Watts, G , Chan, D & Barrett, H 2007, Metabolism of apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoproteins in dyslipidaemias . (edu.au)
When bound to apoB-100 on low density lipoproteins (LDL), antibody MB47 completely blocks the binding of LDL to the LDL receptor. (scripps.edu)
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a constituent of the lipoproteins, may be relevant in herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection of the central nervous system (CNS), since HSV-1 binds to human serum ApoE lipoproteins. (asm.org)
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a constituent of very-low-density lipoprotein synthesized by the liver ( 29 ) and of members of a subclass of high-density lipoproteins involved in cholesterol transport among cells ( 18 ). (asm.org)
Missense mutations in APOB within the betaalpha1 domain of human APOB-100 result in impaired secretion of ApoB and ApoB-containing lipoproteins in familial hypobetalipoproteinemia. (medscape.com)
Beef in an Optimal Lean Diet study: effects on lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins. (medscape.com)
HL also modulates the metabolism of apolipoprotein (apo)B-containing lipoproteins (LpBs). (ahajournals.org)
This gene product is the main apolipoprotein of chylomicrons and low density lipoproteins (LDL), and is the ligand for the LDL receptor. (genecards.org)
The amino acid sequence of human Apoa-I, an apolipoprotein isolated from high density lipoproteins. (academybiomed.com)
OBJECTIVE -To evaluate the role of non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo)B, markers of all potentially atherogenic lipoproteins, as predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in comparison with LDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)

Decreased bone mineral density in subjects carrying familial defective apolipoprotein B-100. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery calcification in the old order amish. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 homozygote with premature coronary atherosclerosis. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100: a cause of hypercholesterolemia and early coronary heart disease. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 (medical condition): A rare inherited condition where defective apolipoprotein B-100 impairs. (rightdiagnosis.com)
Twelve unrelated subjects with heterozygous familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 were identified in a group of 252 patients with type IIa hypercholesterolaemia. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 is therefore the most common known mutation causing primary hypercholesterolaemia. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Geisel J, Schleifenbaum T, Oette K, Weisshaar B. Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 in 12 subjects and their kindred. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 in 12 subjects and their kindred", European Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry , vol. 30, 1992, pp. 729-736. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Familial ligand-defective apolipoprotein B. Identification of a new mutation that decreases LDL receptor binding affinity. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Phenotypic expression and frequency of familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 in Belgian hypercholesterolemics. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Geisel J, Schleifenbaum T, Weisshaar B, Oette K. Improved detection of familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 by restriction-site-introducing polymerase chain reaction. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 in a group of hypercholesterolaemic patients in Poland. (nature.com)
To evaluate this, we compared bone mineral density (BMD) between subjects with and without the R3500Q APOB mutation, the cause of familial defective apolipoprotein B-100, which has been previously shown to markedly increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We hypothesized that R3500Q carriers would have lower BMD due to lifetime, elevated LDL-C. (cdc.gov)
Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia caused by a mutation in the apolipoprotein B gene that results in a truncated species of apolipoprotein B (B-31). (medscape.com)
Persistent transaminase elevation due to heterozygous (familial) apolipoprotein B deficiency. (medscape.com)
Apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II), the second major high-density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoprotein, has been linked to familial combined hyperlipidemia. (ahajournals.org)

Following organizations serve the condition "Defective Apolipoprotein B-100" for support, advocacy or research. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
Finding the right clinical trial for Defective Apolipoprotein B-100 can be challenging. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
The terms "Defective Apolipoprotein B-100" returned 27 free, full-text research articles on human participants. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
Mutation of lysine residues in apolipoprotein B-100 causes defective lipoprotein[a] formation. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
Another name for Defective apolipoprotein B-100 (or close medical condition association). (rightdiagnosis.com)

To further study the role of these IgG antibodies in the atheroprotective response and to test whether specific MDA-apoB-100 antibodies could be used for direct inhibition of atherosclerosis in apoE −/− mice, we produced recombinant human IgG1 that specifically recognizes 2 MDA-modified sequences in human apoB-100. (ahajournals.org)
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a protein involved in the metabolism of fats in the body of mammals. (wikipedia.org)
APOE belongs to a family of fat-binding proteins called apolipoproteins. (wikipedia.org)
The gene, APOE, is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) and the apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2). (wikipedia.org)
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been irrefutably recognized as the major genetic risk factor, with semidominant inheritance, for LOAD. (nih.gov)
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 genotype is a well-established risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). (cmaj.ca)
In recent years, rapid progress in molecular genetics has fostered the discovery of at least 4 genes associated with AD: the amyloid precursor protein (APP), the presenilin-1 gene (PS-1), the presenilin-2 gene (PS-2) and the apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE). (cmaj.ca)
ApoE may play an important modulatory function in the central nervous system (CNS), because while in the peripheral nervous system several other apolipoproteins are involved in lipid transport, in the CNS there is less redundancy of such molecules ( 19 , 26 ). (asm.org)
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid-transport protein abundantly expressed in most neurons in the central nervous system. (dovepress.com)
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is located on chromosome 19 and encodes a glycoprotein that is 299 amino acids long. (dovepress.com)
The lipid transport protein, apolipoprotein E (apoE), is expressed in many peripheral tissues in vivo including the adrenal gland and testes. (pnas.org)
The presence of the E4 polymorphism of apolipoprotein E4 ( APOE 4) has long been known to be the most potent risk factor for sporadic AD, second only to age. (frontiersin.org)
To address this question, in this study, we examine for the first time the renoprotective actions of alagebrium in diabetic RAGE apolipoprotein E ( apoE ) double-knockout (KO) mice, with a particular emphasis on glomerular fibrosis and inflammation, comparing its effects with those of the ACE inhibitor, quinapril. (diabetesjournals.org)

Methods and Results- Human IgG1 antibodies against 2 malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified apoB-100 peptide sequences were produced through screening of a single-chain antibody-fragment library and subsequent cloning into a pcDNA3 vector. (ahajournals.org)
The apolipoprotein (apo) B-100-specific monoclonal antibody MB47 has been widely used in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis research. (scripps.edu)
The epitope for antibody MB47 has previously been mapped to the vicinity of apoB-100 amino acid (aa) residue 3500. (scripps.edu)
Antibody MB47 bound strongly to a fusion protein containing apoB-100 aa 3214-3728, but no specific binding was observed to fusion proteins containing aa 3214-3351, 3214-3506, 3351-3506, or a fusion protein containing aa 3214-3351 and 3506-3728. (scripps.edu)
Apolipoprotein B-100 Antibody Interaction With Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation and Repair Processes. (lu.se)
Each Apolipoprotein A-II/ApoA2 Antibody is fully covered by our Guarantee+, to give you complete peace of mind and the support when you need it. (novusbio.com)
Choose from our Apolipoprotein A-II/ApoA2 polyclonal antibodies and browse our Apolipoprotein A-II/ApoA2 monoclonal antibody catalog. (novusbio.com)
5. Add 100 l of Biotin-antibody (1x) to each well. (ranggs.com)
Apolipoprotein J Antibody functions as a secreted chaperone that prevents aggregation of nonnative proteins. (rockland-inc.com)
Anti-Apolipoprotein J Antibody is useful for researchers interested in the immune system, Ubiquitin pathways, and cardiovascular research. (rockland-inc.com)
This antibody reacts with human apoLipoprotein J and has negligible cross-reactivity with Type A-I, A-II, B, C-I, C-II, C-III and E apoLipoproteins. (rockland-inc.com)
WB analysis of recombinant protein using Apolipoprotein C1 antibody. (genetex.com)
100 ug c-Mpl Antibody (Monoclonal, 1H2) 1 mg/ml from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (thermofisher.com)
Apolipoprotein B antibody LS-C202381 is an unconjugated mouse monoclonal antibody to human Apolipoprotein B (APOB). (lsbio.com)
This antibody carries the LSBio 100% Guarantee. (lsbio.com)

Methods and Results- To dampen the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis, we injected hypercholesterolemic huB100 tg × Ldlr −/− mice (mice transgenic for human apolipoprotein B100 [ApoB100] and deficient for the low-density lipoprotein receptor) intravenously with dendritic cells (DCs) that had been pulsed with the low-density lipoprotein protein ApoB100 in combination with the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10. (ahajournals.org)
Conclusion- Nasal administration of an apoB-100 peptide fused to CTB attenuates atherosclerosis and induces regulatory Tr1 cells that inhibit T effector responses to apoB-100. (ahajournals.org)
Through adoptive cell transfers and cross-breeding to hypercholesterolemic mice expressing the antigenic human LDL protein apolipoprotein B-100, we evaluate the effects on atherosclerosis. (nih.gov)

Objective- We investigated the associations between plasma very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-apolipoprotein (apo)C-III and apoA-V concentrations and the kinetics of VLDL-apoB-100 and VLDL triglycerides in 15 men. (ahajournals.org)
2 The metabolism of VLDL involves regulatory processes governing the turnover of triglycerides and apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB). (ahajournals.org)
A significant association (p = 0.03) was also observed between the higher repeats HVE39-49 alleles and higher levels of Apo B. RFLP haplotype E+/X- also depicted significant differences for total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B levels. (thescipub.com)
Each VLDL particle contains one molecule of apo B-100, which is retained as VLDL loses triglycerides and shrinks to become the more cholesterol-rich LDL. (labtestsonline.org)
Serum lipids including cholesterol , triglycerides , high-density lipoprotein , low-density lipoprotein , very low-density lipoprotein , and apolipoprotein B were analyzed. (bvsalud.org)

The PA1-26900 immunogen is purified, full length, native apoLipoprotein type A-II isolated from human plasma by density gradient centrifugation followed by HPLC purification. (fishersci.com)

Apolipoprotein E in vitro SimpleStep ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit is designed for the quantitative measurement of Apolipoprotein E protein in mouse serum and plasma. (abcam.com)
The Human Apolipoprotein (Apo) Panel requires a high dilution factor for serum (1:4,000) and plasma (1:8,000) samples. (biolegend.com)
Anti-apolipoprotein antibodies have been used for indirect trapping ELISA for quantitation of antigen in serum using a standard curve, for immunoprecipitation and for western blotting for highly sensitive qualitative analysis. (rockland-inc.com)
This product has been prepared by immunoaffinity chromatography using immobilized antigens followed by extensive cross-adsorption against other apoLipoproteins and human serum proteins to remove any unwanted specificities. (rockland-inc.com)
Non-specific cross reaction of anti-apoLipoprotein antibodies with other human serum proteins is negligible. (rockland-inc.com)
Lee Biosolutions sells human serum Apolipoprotein AII (ApoAII) for research, life science, and manufacturing uses. (leebio.com)

The sensors were incorporated into microchannels and used for the quantitative conductometric detection of apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), a bladder cancer protein biomarker. (springer.com)
Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) is the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. (nih.gov)
Therefore, it has been attempted to identify the specific genetic determinants of plasma TG levels, and a novel member of the apolipoprotein family, apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5), was identified by the comparative sequencing of the APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster region [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

Using a library of malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified polypeptides covering the complete amino acid sequence of human apoB-100, we have recently identified a large number of epitopes recognized by antibodies present in human plasma. (ahajournals.org)
Our Apolipoprotein A-II/ApoA2 Antibodies can be used in a variety of model species: Human. (novusbio.com)
We offer Apolipoprotein E3/ApoE3 Antibodies for use in common research applications: Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry, Simple Western, Western Blot. (novusbio.com)
Specific cross reaction of anti-apoLipoprotein antibodies with antigens from other species has not been determined. (rockland-inc.com)

This test measures the amount of a certain type of cholesterol called apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB) in your blood. (ahealthyme.com)
The apolipoprotein B (ApoB) blood test measures apolipoprotein B100, the ApoB protein that is associated with three different forms of potentially dangerous cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL). (lifeextension.com)
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein involved in the metabolism of lipids and is the main protein constituent of all non-HDL cholesterol in your blood. (lifeextension.com)
These studies reveal an additive effect of HL and EL on HDL metabolism but not macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in mice and an unexpected redundant role of HL and EL in apolipoprotein B lipoprotein metabolism. (ahajournals.org)
Xu, Nilsson-Ehle, Ahrén: Correlation of apolipoprotein M with leptin and cholesterol in normal and obese subjects. (antikoerper-online.de)
Heterozygous FHBL - Patients with heterozygous FHBL may have total cholesterol levels that are below the fifth percentile (and may be less than 100 mg/dL). (medscape.com)
Thus, apoB-100 inhibition is a promising target for the development of new treatment options to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. (aspetjournals.org)
Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) is a protein involved in regulation of lipid rafts and cholesterol efflux. (asm.org)
OBJECTIVE: Apolipoprotein(B) [apo(B)] reflects the total mass of atherogenic particles (VLDL, IDL, and LDL), and its increase is associated with cardiovascular disease independently of LDL cholesterol (LDLc) levels. (diabetesjournals.org)
Because there is one apolipoprotein (apo)B molecule per particle of LDL, IDL, and VLDL, total apoB levels highly correlate with non-HDL cholesterol levels ( 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Apo B-100 is synthesized in the liver and is required for the assembly of VLDL. (academybiomed.com)
In the liver, the body repackages these dietary lipids and combines them with apo B-100 to form triglyceride-rich VLDL. (labtestsonline.org)
Apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 and B-48 are prominent apolipoprotein in VLDL, IDL, and chylomicrons. (elsevier.com)
In the eight-hour period, 2.5% to 3.2% of added 35 S-methionine was secreted in TCA-precipitable protein of which 0.34% was apo B. Ninety-nine percent of the apo B in VLDL, IDL, and LDL was in the apo B-100 electrophoretic band. (elsevier.com)
Eighty-nine percent of the total radioactivity of apo B-100 was in VLDL with 3% and 8% in IDL and LDL, respectively. (elsevier.com)
Apolipoprotein B is a major protein constituent of chylomicrons (apo B-48), LDL (apo B-100) and VLDL (apo B-100). (genecards.org)

Do Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms Influence Risk of Cognitive Decline by Modulating Omega-3 Fatty Acid Metabolism? (clinicaltrials.gov)
Apolipoprotein H has been implicated in a variety of physiologic pathways including lipoprotein metabolism, coagulation, and the production of antiphospholipid autoantibodies. (genetex.com)
Ultra pure human Apolipoprotein AII is purified from delipidated HDL and is one of a family of evolutionarily related proteins which play a crucial role in lipid transport and metabolism. (leebio.com)

Additionally we are shipping Apolipoprotein C-II Kits (51) and Apolipoprotein C-II Proteins (28) and many more products for this protein. (antibodies-online.com)
Apolipoprotein J does not require ATP or refold proteins by itself. (rockland-inc.com)

Typically less than 1% cross reactivity against other types of apoLipoprotein was detected by ELISA against purified standards. (rockland-inc.com)

This study identifies the apolipoprotein B gene polymorphism associated with coronary artery disease . (bvsalud.org)

Therefore, immunization with immunodominant peptide sequences derived from apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) should be an attractive alternative to immunization with LDL particles. (ahajournals.org)
Apolipoprotein E mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles. (abcam.com)
The apolipoproteins act as stabilizers of the intact lipoprotein particles. (abcam.com)
In addition, quantitative immunological measurements of certain apolipoproteins (especially A-1 and B) have been suggested to be more accurate estimators of coronary heart disease than measurements of lipoprotein particles (especially HDL and LDL). (abcam.com)
Background-Elevated levels of oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) on apolipoprotein B-100 particles (OxPL/apoB) are associated with cardiovascular disease and predict new cardiovascular events. (elsevier.com)
Apo B-100 functions as a recognition signal for the cellular binding and internalization of LDL particles by the apoB/E receptor. (genecards.org)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the apolipoprotein C family. (wikipedia.org)

In summary, the fusion protein data indicated that two nonlinear domains of apoB-100 separated by approximately 53 aa (the 25 residues from aa 3429 to 3453 and the 17 residues from aa 3507 to 3523) form key parts of the MB47 epitope. (scripps.edu)
Twenty-three of the 25 cysteine residues in apolipoprotein B-100 have been isolated directly from tryptic or peptic peptide mixtures. (houstonmethodist.org)

Thus, passive immunization against MDA-modified apoB-100 peptide sequences may represent a novel therapeutic approach for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. (ahajournals.org)

Your search returned 60 Apolipoprotein A-IV ELISA ELISA Kit across 1 supplier. (biocompare.com)

We propose a linear model of apolipoprotein B-100 in low density lipoprotein that wraps around the low density lipoprotein molecule. (houstonmethodist.org)
A unique mutation that helps to define the portion of the apolipoprotein B molecule required for the format. (medscape.com)

Apolipoprotein B-100 deficiency. (medscape.com)
Large deletion in APOC2 caused by Alu-Alu homologous recombination is associated with with apolipoprotein C-II deficiency. (antibodies-online.com)

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease and lipid levels in north Indians. (thescipub.com)
Low Levels of Apolipoprotein B-100 Autoantibodies Are Associated With Increased Risk of Coronary Events. (lu.se)
Subjects that suffered an acute coronary event during follow-up (n=382) had lower levels at baseline of IgM autoantibodies recognizing the native and malondialdehyde-modified apolipoprotein B-100 peptides p45 and p210 and also lower IgG levels recognizing native p210, whereas no association was found with risk for stroke (n=317). (lu.se)
This large prospective study demonstrates that subjects with high levels of apolipoprotein B-100 autoantibodies have a lower risk of coronary events supporting a protective role of these autoantibodies in cardiovascular disease. (lu.se)
Polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene: association with plasma lipid concentration and coronary artery disease. (bvsalud.org)

The objectives of this study were first to characterize renal injury in diabetic apolipoprotein E knockout (apo E-KO) mice and second to explore the role of AGE in the development and progression of renal disease in this model. (asnjournals.org)
Experimental studies with various animal models of hyperlipidemia, including apolipoprotein E knockout (apo E-KO) mice ( 4 ) and Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats ( 5 ), have shown that hyperlipidemia per se is associated with development of early renal lesions. (asnjournals.org)

Yang, Chao-Yuh, and Pownall, H.J. "In Structure and Function of Plasma Apolipoproteins. (academybiomed.com)
In addition, we observed in a previous small study decreased plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) in preoperative patients with kidney cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
and a second associated with low plasma concentrations of apoB-100. (medscape.com)
It occurs in plasma as two main isoforms, apoB-48 and apoB-100: the former is synthesized exclusively in the gut and the latter in the liver. (genecards.org)

Intestinal steatosis despite apolipoprotein B-48 synthesis. (medscape.com)

Aldehyde-modified peptide sequences in apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) are major targets for these immune responses. (ahajournals.org)

A pseudogene of this gene is located 4 kb downstream from the apoC-I gene in the same orientation on chromosome 19, where both reside within an apolipoprotein gene cluster. (wikipedia.org)
Apolipoprotein gene cluster on chromosome 19. (wikipedia.org)
This gene is mapped to chromosome 19, where it resides within a apolipoprotein gene cluster. (genetex.com)

It comprises approximately half of the N-terminal region of ApoB-100 and is the result of posttranscriptional mRNA editing by a stop codon in the intestine not found in the liver. (academybiomed.com)
These results establish that adult human liver in organ culture synthesizes apo B-100 but not apo B-48. (elsevier.com)

APOC2 encodes a lipid-binding protein belonging to the apolipoprotein gene family. (antibodies-online.com)

Recombinant Sus scrofa (pig) Apolipoprotein M (ApoM), Transfected HEK293 Cell Lysate by RayBiotech, Cat. (lucerna-chem.ch)
In this study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of recombinant human apolipoprotein(a) kringle V (rhLK8) in an animal model of ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization. (diabetesjournals.org)
We previously reported the antiangiogenic effect of recombinant human apolipoprotein(a) kringle V (rhLK8) ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Recombinant protein encompassing a sequence within the center region of human Apolipoprotein H. The exact sequence is proprietary. (genetex.com)

Estrogen-enhanced apical and basolateral secretion of apolipoprotein B-100 by polarized trophoblast-derived BeWo cells. (meduniwien.ac.at)
secretion of fluorogenic steroid was reduced 7- to greater than 100-fold relative to Y1 parent cells. (pnas.org)

Additionally, it can serve as a ligand for the LDL (Apolipoprotein B/E) receptor and for the specific Apolipoprotein E receptor (chylomicron remnant) of hepatic tissues. (abcam.com)
Apolipoprotein E is a fat-binding protein ( apolipoprotein ) that is part of the chylomicron and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDLs) . (wikidoc.org)

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the MedDiet, in the absence of weight change, on apolipoprotein (apo) A-I kinetics in men with MetS. (biomedcentral.com)

Apolipoprotein(B) identifies dyslipidemic phenotypes associated with cardiovascular risk in normocholesterolemic type 2 diabetic patients. (diabetesjournals.org)

When gene polymorphisms were compared with lipid abnormalities , the genotypes EcoR1+/+, Xba1-/-, and Msp1 +/+ were more frequent in patients with elevated apolipoprotein B and very low-density lipoprotein levels. (bvsalud.org)
An association between apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms and elevated apolipoprotein B and very low-density lipoprotein levels was observed. (bvsalud.org)

Genomic DNA was extracted and the apolipoprotein B 3' hypervariable region amplified by polymerase chain reaction . (bvsalud.org)

ISIS 301012 binds to the coding region of the human apoB-100 mRNA (position 3249-3269 base pair) by Watson and Crick base pairing. (aspetjournals.org)
The hybridization of ISIS 301012 to apoB-100 mRNA results in RNase H-mediated degradation of the cognate mRNA, thereby inhibiting the translation of the apoB protein. (aspetjournals.org)

12 This effect was associated with increased formation of IgG against the respective apoB-100 peptides. (ahajournals.org)
Isolation and Characterization of Sulfhydryl and Disulfide Peptides of Human Apolipoprotein B-100. (academybiomed.com)
The present study investigated associations between autoantibodies against the apolipoprotein B-100 peptides p45 and p210, respectively, and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in a large population-based cohort. (lu.se)

The objective of this study was to develop an atheroprotective vaccine by targeting a peptide of the LDL protein constituent apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) to the nasal mucosa to induce a protective mucosal immune response. (ahajournals.org)

Anatomy18

Organisms8

Diseases31

Chemicals and Drugs111

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment39

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes52

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care7

Dietary fish oils inhibit early events in the assembly of very low density lipoproteins and target apoB for degradation within the rough endoplasmic reticulum of hamster hepatocytes. (1/731)

Role of cholesterol ester mass in regulation of secretion of ApoB100 lipoprotein particles by hamster hepatocytes and effects of statins on that relationship. (2/731)

Characterization of a new form of inherited hypercholesterolemia: familial recessive hypercholesterolemia. (3/731)

Selective modification of apoB-100 in the oxidation of low density lipoproteins by myeloperoxidase in vitro. (4/731)

ApoB100 secretion from HepG2 cells is decreased by the ACAT inhibitor CI-1011: an effect associated with enhanced intracellular degradation of ApoB. (5/731)

Secondary radicals derived from chloramines of apolipoprotein B-100 contribute to HOCl-induced lipid peroxidation of low-density lipoproteins. (6/731)

Molecular bases of low production rates of apolipoprotein B-100 and truncated apoB-82 in a mutant HepG2 cell line generated by targeted modification of the apolipoprotein B gene. (7/731)

Truncated apo B-70.5-containing lipoproteins bind to megalin but not the LDL receptor. (8/731)

Apolipoproteins B

Apolipoprotein A-I

Apolipoprotein B-100

Apolipoprotein B-48

Apolipoproteins E

Apolipoproteins

Apolipoprotein C-III

Apolipoproteins A

Apolipoprotein E4

Apolipoprotein E3

Lipoproteins, VLDL

Apolipoprotein A-II

Lipoproteins

Apolipoprotein C-II

Lipoproteins, LDL

Triglycerides

Cholesterol

Apolipoprotein E2

Apolipoprotein C-I

Apolipoproteins C

Lipoproteins, HDL

Lipids

Hypobetalipoproteinemias

Apoprotein(a)

Cholesterol, LDL

Lipoprotein(a)

Cytidine Deaminase

Receptors, LDL

RNA Editing

Cholesterol, HDL

Lipoproteins, IDL

Liver

Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II

Hyperlipidemias

Hypobetalipoproteinemia, Familial, Apolipoprotein B

Hypolipoproteinemias

Chylomicrons

Arteriosclerosis

Lipid Metabolism

Atherosclerosis

Hyperlipoproteinemias

Apolipoproteins D

Hypercholesterolemia

Oleic Acid

Abetalipoproteinemia

Cholesterol Esters

Cholesterol, VLDL

RNA, Messenger

Molecular Sequence Data

Base Sequence

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV

Hypertriglyceridemia

Lipoprotein Lipase

Mice, Knockout

Alleles

Receptors, Lipoprotein

Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III

Genotype

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Dietary Fats

Anticholesteremic Agents

Polymorphism, Genetic

Heterozygote

Carrier Proteins

Nephelometry and Turbidimetry

Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins

Intestines

Kinetics

Methaqualone

Cholesterol, Dietary

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Phospholipids

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1

Mice, Transgenic

Ultracentrifugation

Amino Acid Sequence

Aorta

Homozygote