Aplysia
Ganglia, Invertebrate
Clusters of neuronal cell bodies in invertebrates. Invertebrate ganglia may also contain neuronal processes and non-neuronal supporting cells. Many invertebrate ganglia are favorable subjects for research because they have small numbers of functional neuronal types which can be identified from one animal to another.
Ganglia
Invertebrate Hormones
FMRFamide
Serotonin
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
Mollusca
A phylum of the kingdom Metazoa. Mollusca have soft, unsegmented bodies with an anterior head, a dorsal visceral mass, and a ventral foot. Most are encased in a protective calcareous shell. It includes the classes GASTROPODA; BIVALVIA; CEPHALOPODA; Aplacophora; Scaphopoda; Polyplacophora; and Monoplacophora.
Neuropeptides
Synapses
Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.
Neurons
Feeding Behavior
Gills
Reflex
Neuronal Plasticity
Habituation, Psychophysiologic
Nervous System Physiological Phenomena
Neurosecretion
Instinct
Acidic Glycosphingolipids
A subclass of GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS containing large polar heads made up of several sugar units. One or more of their terminal sugar units are bound to a negatively charged molecule at pH 7. Members of this class include: GANGLIOSIDES, uronoglycosphingolipids, SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS, phosphoglycosphingolipids, and phosphonoglycosphingolipids.
Long-Term Potentiation
Action Potentials
Electrophysiology
Synaptic Transmission
The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.
Nervous System
Protein Kinase C
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.
alpha-Macroglobulins
Glycoproteins with a molecular weight of approximately 620,000 to 680,000. Precipitation by electrophoresis is in the alpha region. They include alpha 1-macroglobulins and alpha 2-macroglobulins. These proteins exhibit trypsin-, chymotrypsin-, thrombin-, and plasmin-binding activity and function as hormonal transporters.
PubMed
A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.
Publishing
MEDLINE
Axonal Transport
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Colchicine
Receptors, Histamine
Cell-surface proteins that bind histamine and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Histamine receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues. Three types have been recognized and designated H1, H2, and H3. They differ in pharmacology, distribution, and mode of action.
Receptors, Histamine H2
A class of histamine receptors discriminated by their pharmacology and mode of action. Histamine H2 receptors act via G-proteins to stimulate ADENYLYL CYCLASES. Among the many responses mediated by these receptors are gastric acid secretion, smooth muscle relaxation, inotropic and chronotropic effects on heart muscle, and inhibition of lymphocyte function. (From Biochem Soc Trans 1992 Feb;20(1):122-5)
Receptors, Histamine H1
A class of histamine receptors discriminated by their pharmacology and mode of action. Most histamine H1 receptors operate through the inositol phosphate/diacylglycerol second messenger system. Among the many responses mediated by these receptors are smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability, hormone release, and cerebral glyconeogenesis. (From Biochem Soc Trans 1992 Feb;20(1):122-5)
Impromidine
Histamine
Postal Service
Correspondence as Topic
Veillonella
Gastropoda
Color Perception
Mental processing of chromatic signals (COLOR VISION) from the eye by the VISUAL CORTEX where they are converted into symbolic representations. Color perception involves numerous neurons, and is influenced not only by the distribution of wavelengths from the viewed object, but also by its background color and brightness contrast at its boundary.
Neisseria mucosa
Mechanisms for generating the autonomous cAMP-dependent protein kinase required for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. (1/1209)
The formation of a persistently active cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is critical for establishing long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) in Aplysia. The injection of bovine catalytic (C) subunits into sensory neurons is sufficient to produce protein synthesis-dependent LTF. Early in the LTF induced by serotonin (5-HT), an autonomous PKA is generated through the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis of regulatory (R) subunits. The degradation of R occurs during an early time window and appears to be a key function of proteasomes in LTF. Lactacystin, a specific proteasome inhibitor, blocks the facilitation induced by 5-HT, and this block is rescued by injecting C subunits. R is degraded through an allosteric mechanism requiring an elevation of cAMP coincident with the induction of a ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase. (+info)Actions of a pair of identified cerebral-buccal interneurons (CBI-8/9) in Aplysia that contain the peptide myomodulin. (2/1209)
A combination of biocytin back-fills of the cerebral-buccal connectives and immunocytochemistry of the cerebral ganglion demonstrated that of the 13 bilateral pairs of cerebral-buccal interneurons in the cerebral ganglion, a subpopulation of 3 are immunopositive for the peptide myomodulin. The present paper describes the properties of two of these cells, which we have termed CBI-8 and CBI-9. CBI-8 and CBI-9 were found to be dye coupled and electrically coupled. The cells have virtually identical properties, and consequently we consider them to be "twin" pairs and refer to them as CBI-8/9. CBI-8/9 were identified by electrophysiological criteria and then labeled with dye. Labeled cells were found to be immunopositive for myomodulin, and, using high pressure liquid chromatography, the cells were shown to contain authentic myomodulin. CBI-8/9 were found to receive synaptic input after mechanical stimulation of the tentacles. They also received excitatory input from C-PR, a neuron involved in neck lengthening, and received a slow inhibitory input from CC5, a cell involved in neck shortening, suggesting that CBI-8/9 may be active during forward movements of the head or buccal mass. Firing of CBI-8 or CBI-9 resulted in the activation of a relatively small number of buccal neurons as evidenced by extracellular recordings from buccal nerves. Firing also produced local movements of the buccal mass, in particular a strong contraction of the I7 muscle, which mediates radula opening. CBI-8/9 were found to produce a slow depolarization and rhythmic activity of B48, the motor neuron for the I7 muscle. The data provide continuing evidence that the small population of cerebral buccal interneurons is composed of neurons that are highly diverse in their functional roles. CBI-8/9 may function as a type of premotor neuron, or perhaps as a peptidergic modulatory neuron, the functions of which are dependent on the coactivity of other neurons. (+info)C-PR neuron of Aplysia has differential effects on "Feeding" cerebral interneurons, including myomodulin-positive CBI-12. (3/1209)
Head lifting and other aspects of the appetitive central motive state that precedes consummatory feeding movements in Aplysia is promoted by excitation of the C-PR neuron. Food stimuli activate C-PR as well as a small population of cerebral-buccal interneurons (CBIs). We wished to determine if firing of C-PR produced differential effects on the various CBIs or perhaps affected all the CBIs uniformly as might be expected for a neuron involved in producing a broad undifferentiated arousal state. We found that when C-PR was fired, it produced a wide variety of effects on various CBIs. Firing of C-PR evoked excitatory input to a newly identified CBI (CBI-12) the soma of which is located in the M cluster near the previously identified CBI-2. CBI-12 shares certain properties with CBI-2, including a similar morphology and a capacity to drive rhythmic activity of the buccal-ganglion. Unlike CBI-2, CBI-12 exhibits myomodulin immunoreactivity. Furthermore when C-PR is fired, CBI-12 receives a polysynaptic voltage-dependent slow excitation, whereas, CBI-2 receives relatively little input. C-PR also polysynaptically excites other CBIs including CBI-1 and CBI-8/9 but produces inhibition in CBI-3. In addition, firing of C-PR inhibits plateau potentials in CBI-5/6. The data suggest that activity of C-PR may promote the activity of one subset of cerebral-buccal interneurons, perhaps those involved in ingestive behaviors that occur during the head-up posture. C-PR also inhibits some cerebral-buccal interneurons that may be involved in behaviors in which C-PR activity is not required or may even interfere with other feeding behaviors such as rejection or grazing, that occur with the head down. (+info)In vitro analog of operant conditioning in aplysia. I. Contingent reinforcement modifies the functional dynamics of an identified neuron. (4/1209)
Previously, an analog of operant conditioning in Aplysia was developed using the rhythmic motor activity in the isolated buccal ganglia. This analog expressed a key feature of operant conditioning, namely a selective enhancement in the occurrence of a designated motor pattern by contingent reinforcement. Different motor patterns generated by the buccal central pattern generator were induced by monotonic stimulation of a peripheral nerve (i.e., n.2,3). Phasic stimulation of the esophageal nerve (E n.) was used as an analog of reinforcement. The present study investigated the neuronal mechanisms associated with the genesis of different motor patterns and their modifications by contingent reinforcement. The genesis of different motor patterns was related to changes in the functional states of the pre-motor neuron B51. During rhythmic activity, B51 dynamically switched between inactive and active states. Bursting activity in B51 was associated with, and predicted, characteristic features of a specific motor pattern (i.e., pattern I). Contingent reinforcement of pattern I modified the dynamical properties of B51 by decreasing its resting conductance and threshold for eliciting plateau potentials and thus increased the occurrences of pattern I-related activity in B51. These modifications were not observed in preparations that received either noncontingent reinforcement (i.e., yoke control) or no reinforcement (i.e., control). These results suggest that a contingent reinforcement paradigm can regulate the dynamics of neuronal activity that is centrally programmed by the intrinsic cellular properties of neurons. (+info)In vitro analog of operant conditioning in aplysia. II. Modifications of the functional dynamics of an identified neuron contribute to motor pattern selection. (5/1209)
Previously, an analog of operant conditioning was developed using the buccal ganglia of Aplysia, the probabilistic occurrences of a specific motor pattern (i.e., pattern I), a contingent reinforcement (i.e., stimulation of the esophageal nerve), and monotonic stimulation of a peripheral nerve (i.e., n.2,3). This analog expressed a key feature of operant conditioning (i.e., selective enhancement of the probability of occurrence of a designated motor pattern by contingent reinforcement). In addition, the training induced changes in the dynamical properties of neuron B51, an element of the buccal central pattern generator. To gain insights into the neuronal mechanisms that mediate features of operant conditioning, the present study identified a neuronal element that was critically involved in the selective enhancement of pattern I. We found that bursting activity in cell B51 contributed significantly to the expression of pattern I and that changes in the dynamical properties of this cell were associated with the selective enhancement of pattern I. These changes could be induced by an explicit association of reinforcement with random depolarization of B51. No stimulation of n.2,3 was required. These results indicate that the selection of a designated motor pattern by contingent reinforcement and the underlying neuronal plasticity resulted from the association of reinforcement with a component of central neuronal activity that contributes to a specific motor pattern. The sensory stimulus that allows for occurrences of different motor acts may not be critical for induction of plasticity that mediates the selection of a motor output by contingent reinforcement in operant conditioning. (+info)Characterization of the Aplysia californica cerebral ganglion F cluster. (6/1209)
The cerebral ganglia neurons of Aplysia californica are involved in the development and modulation of many behaviors. The medially located F cluster has been characterized using morphological, electrophysiological and biochemical techniques and contains at least three previously uncharacterized neuronal population. As the three subtypes are located in three distinct layers, they are designated as top, middle, and bottom layer F-cluster neurons (CFT, CFM, and CFB). The CFT cells are large (92 +/- 25 microm), white, nonuniformly shaped, and located partially in the sheath surrounding the ganglion. These neurons exhibit weak electrical coupling, the presence of synchronized spontaneous changes in membrane potential, and a generalized inhibitory input upon electrical stimulation of the anterior tentacular (AT) nerve. Similar to the CFT neurons, the CFM neurons (46 +/- 12 microm) are mainly silent but do not show electrical coupling or synchronized changes in membrane potential. Unlike the CFT neurons, the CFM neurons exhibit weak action potential broadening during constant current injection. Comparison of the peptide profiles of CFT, CFM, and CFB (10-30 microm) neurons using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry demonstrates distinct peptide molecular weights for each neuronal subtype with the masses of these peptides not matching any previously characterized peptides from A. californica. The mass spectra obtained from the AT nerve are similar to the CFT neuron mass spectra, while upper labial nerve contains many peptides observed in the CFM neurons located in nongranular neuron region. (+info)Dopaminergic synapses mediate neuronal changes in an analogue of operant conditioning. (7/1209)
Feeding behavior in Aplysia can be modified by operant conditioning in which contingent reinforcement is conveyed by the esophageal nerve (E n.). A neuronal analogue of this conditioning in the isolated buccal ganglia was developed by using stimulation of E n. as an analogue of contingent reinforcement. Previous studies indicated that E n. may release dopamine. We used a dopamine antagonist (methylergonovine) to investigate whether dopamine mediated the enhancement of motor patterns in the analogue of operant conditioning. Methylergonovine blocked synaptic connections from the reinforcement pathway and the contingent-dependent enhancement of the reinforced pattern. These results suggest that dopamine mediates at least part of the neuronal modifications induced by contingent reinforcement. (+info)Nitric oxide stimulates cGMP production and mimics synaptic responses in metacerebral neurons of Aplysia. (8/1209)
Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the nervous systems of many vertebrates and invertebrates. We investigated the mechanism of NO action at an identified synapse between a mechanoafferent neuron, C2, and the serotonergic metacerebral cell (MCC) in the cerebral ganglion of the mollusc Aplysia californica. Stimulation of C2 produces a decreasing conductance, very slow EPSP in the MCC. C2 is thought to use histamine and NO as cotransmitters at this synapse, because both agents mimic the membrane responses. Now we provide evidence that treatment with NO donors stimulates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in the MCC, and as a result cGMP increases. S-Nitrosocysteine (SNC, an NO donor) and 8-bromo-cGMP (8-Br-cGMP) both induced the membrane depolarization and increase in input resistance that are characteristic of the very slow EPSP. Two inhibitors of sGC, 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinequinone (LY83583) and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4, 3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ), suppressed both the very slow EPSP and the membrane responses to SNC but not the histamine membrane responses. NO-induced cGMP production was determined in the MCC using cGMP immunocytochemistry (cGMP-IR). In the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), 10 microM SNC was sufficient to induce cGMP-IR, and the staining intensity increased as the SNC dose was increased. This cGMP-IR was suppressed by ODQ in a dose-dependent manner and completely blocked by 10 microM ODQ. Histamine did not induce cGMP-IR. The results suggest that NO stimulates sGC-dependent cGMP synthesis in the MCC and that cGMP mediates the membrane responses. The cotransmitter histamine induces essentially the same membrane responses but seems to use a separate and distinct second messenger pathway. (+info)
Abundant expression of ras proteins in Aplysia neurons. | JCB
Pharmacological dissociation of different forms of synaptic plasticity in the marine mollusc Aplysia<...
Cell and molecular analysis of long-term sensitization in Aplysia<...
Developmental transcriptome of Aplysia californica<...
Prion Powers Synapses by Forming Amyloid | ALZFORUM
Frontiers | Asymmetric localization of natural antisense RNA of neuropeptide sensorin in Aplysia sensory neurons during aging...
Plus it
The enterins inhibit the contractile activity of the anterior aorta of Aplysia kurodai | Journal of Experimental Biology
Gene isolation with cDNA probes from identified aplysia neurons: Neuropeptide modulators of cardiovascular physiology<...
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MicrocircuitDB: Caffeine-induced electrical oscillations in Aplysia neurons (Komendantov, Kononenko 2000)
Localization of Aplysia neurosecretory peptides to multiple populations of dense core vesicles. | JCB
Serotonin shifts the phase of the orcadian rhythm from the Aplysia eye<...
David Glanzman - Neurosciences - FBN
Comparative analysis of early ontogeny in Bursatella leachii and Aplysia californica [PeerJ]
PDRA - Cellular and Sub Cellular Analysis at DIT/FOCAS - The International Society for Clinical Spectroscopy
David Glanzman, Ph.D. | Neurobiology Department at UCLA
Aplysia Neurons [image] | EurekAlert! Science News
Extracellular transport properties of Aplysia californica intestine<...
Egg Laying Hormone of Aplysia - CCP1183-5mg | acris-antibodies.com
ModelDB: Caffeine-induced electrical oscillations in Aplysia neurons (Komendantov, Kononenko 2000)
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Long-term potentiation - Wikipedia
Long-term potentiation - Wikipedia
Neuronal Cell Cultures from Aplysia for High-Resolution Imaging of Growth Cones | Protocol (Translated to Hebrew)
HealthNewsDigest.com
Aplysia CPEB can form prion-like multimers in sensory neurons that contribute to long-term facilitation
Ionic currents in response to membrane depolarization in an aplysia ne by David J. Adams and Peter W. Gage
Fluorescent voltage imaging for detection of networks in Aplysia central nervous system responding to electrical stimulation<...
Phylogenetic analysis of ionotropic L-glutamate receptor genes in the Bilateria, with special notes on Aplysia californica |...
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The role of rapid, local, postsynaptic protein synthesis in learning-related synaptic facilitation in aplysia
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Molecular weight distribution of proteins synthesized in single, identified neurons of Aplysia<...
The Sea Slug Forum - Aplysia cf. parvula
Kainate receptor-mediated heterosynaptic facilitation in the amygdala<...
The kinematics of swallowing in the buccal mass of Aplysia californica. | Journal of Experimental Biology
The Sea Slug Forum - Aplysia parvula
A Simple Form of Memory at Nerve-Muscle Synapses of the Frog - March 15, 2013
Serotonin immunoreactivity of neurons in the gastropod Aplysia californica. - PubMed - NCBI
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Nanoshell sensors for cellular analysis
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Diphasic Postsynaptic Potential: A Chemical Synapse Capable of Mediating Conjoint Excitation and Inhibition | Science
Molecular biological approaches to the relationship between short-term and long-term memory in Aplysia | Biochemical Society...
Items where Author is Kurokawa, M. - Repository of the Academys Library
Neuronal Expression of Reporter Genes in the Intact Nervous System of Aplysia
Remediated Sequence
- 2Y7Y: APLYSIA CALIFORNICA ACHBP IN APO STATE Sequence Report Page
RCSB PDB
- 2XYS: Crystal structure of Aplysia californica AChBP in complex with strychnine Macromolecule Annotations...
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The Sea Slug Forum - Aplysia morio
Aplysia morio in Bermuda [2]. From: Ben Hartley, May 22, 2006 * Aplysia morio seen in Bermuda. From: Thaddeus Murdoch, May 22, ... Re: Swimming Aplysia in Florida. From: Maxine Gomez, March 30, 2010 * Re: Sea Hare in the surf - NW Florida. From: Randy Hill, ... Aplysia morio in Florida. From: Joe Hauth, July 27, 2002 * Re: Sea slugs washed up in Florida. From: Marion Reamer, May 30, ... Swimming Aplysia in Florida. From: J. Nicholas Boyd, February 25, 2004 * Mystery slug found in Trinidad. From: Danielle, May 13 ...
The Sea Slug Forum - Aplysia morio
Aplysia morio in Bermuda [2]. From: Ben Hartley, May 22, 2006 * Aplysia morio seen in Bermuda. From: Thaddeus Murdoch, May 22, ... The two species you are most likely to find in Florida are Aplysia brasiliana and Aplysia morio. Have a look at the Fact Sheets ... Re: Swimming Aplysia in Florida. From: Maxine Gomez, March 30, 2010 * Re: Sea Hare in the surf - NW Florida. From: Randy Hill, ... Aplysia morio in Florida. From: Joe Hauth, July 27, 2002 * Re: Sea slugs washed up in Florida. From: Marion Reamer, May 30, ...
The Sea Slug Forum - Aplysia parvula
Here are some more photos of the species you previously identified as Aplysia parvula.In the first photo there are specimens ... Aplysia parvula from Korea. From: Dong Bum,Koh, June 28, 2002 * Aplysia parvula from the Bahamas. From: Anne DuPont, June 8, ... Aplysia parvula laying eggs. From: Dong Bum Koh, May 26, 2005 * Re: Aplysia parvula - eaten by Nemertine worm. From: Jon ... Aplysia parvula from Sulawesi. From: Lindsay Warren, August 5, 2000 * Aplysia punctata or A. parvula?. From: Erwin Koehler, ...
The Sea Slug Forum - Aplysia morio
Aplysia morio in Bermuda [2]. From: Ben Hartley, May 22, 2006 * Aplysia morio seen in Bermuda. From: Thaddeus Murdoch, May 22, ... This is a Sea Hare, almost certainly Aplysia morio which is a well known visitor, along with Aplysia brasiliana, to Florida. ... Re: Swimming Aplysia in Florida. From: Maxine Gomez, March 30, 2010 * Re: Sea Hare in the surf - NW Florida. From: Randy Hill, ... Aplysia morio in Florida. From: Joe Hauth, July 27, 2002 * Re: Sea slugs washed up in Florida. From: Marion Reamer, May 30, ...
The Sea Slug Forum - Aplysia punctata
Never did it occur to me that Aplysias own shell could migrate outside of its body. Well, thats something else that Ive ... Markings on Aplysia punctata. From: Mark Henry, August 17, 2006 * A summer spawn of Aplysia punctata. From: Mark.Henry, August ... Juvenile Aplysia from Norway. From: Kåre Telnes, July 30, 2005 * Aplysia punctata from Croatia. From: Andrej Jaklin, March 4, ... What does Aplysia punctata eat?. From: Trevor Shand, August 7, 2000 * Observations on Aplysia punctata. From: Andy Horton, ...
The Sea Slug Forum - Aplysia brasiliana
Aplysia morio in Bermuda [2]. From: Ben Hartley, May 22, 2006 * Aplysia morio seen in Bermuda. From: Thaddeus Murdoch, May 22, ... And more Aplysia from Florida March 4, 2001. From: Dawn A. We found 5 Sea hares close to the shore (and some even washing up) ... Re: Swimming Aplysia in Florida. From: Maxine Gomez, March 30, 2010 * Re: Sea Hare in the surf - NW Florida. From: Randy Hill, ... Aplysia morio in Florida. From: Joe Hauth, July 27, 2002 * Re: Sea slugs washed up in Florida. From: Marion Reamer, May 30, ...
The Sea Slug Forum - Re Inking in Aplysia
Re: Inking in Aplysia. From: Edwin Cruz-Rivera, June 27, 2002 * Re: Inking in Aplysia. From: Dr.Stephen R Hoskins, June 26, ... Aplysia californica - ink. From: Malvina Papanastasiou, March 23, 2006 * Separating Ink Components of Aplysia dactylometa?. ... Re: Inking in Aplysia October 24, 2005. From: lorrie creach my 8 year old daughter was on a field trip at a beach in fort myers ... The Sea Hare was probably Aplysia brasiliana.. Best wishes,. Bill Rudman. Rudman, W.B., 2005 (Oct 24). Comment on Re: Inking in ...
Operant Reward Learning in Aplysia: Neuronal Correlates and Mechanisms | Science
Operant Reward Learning in Aplysia: Neuronal Correlates and Mechanisms. By Björn Brembs, Fred D. Lorenzetti, Fredy D. Reyes, ... Operant Reward Learning in Aplysia: Neuronal Correlates and Mechanisms. By Björn Brembs, Fred D. Lorenzetti, Fredy D. Reyes, ... Operant Reward Learning in Aplysia: Neuronal Correlates and Mechanisms Message Subject. (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you ... Here, we report an appetitive operant conditioning procedure inAplysia that induces long-term memory. Biophysical changes that ...
MicrocircuitDB: Circuits that contain the Cell : Aplysia interneuron
Aplysia rehderi | Species Dictionary | Global | iSpot Nature
White-speckled Seahare (Aplysia argus)
· iNaturalist NZ
Start-Up of Effluent Treatment Plants | APLYSIA Environmental Solutions
APLYSIA and CETREL: A complete and integrated offering of [...] APLYSIA awarded the Ecology Prize 2016 River Restoration: ... APLYSIA holds expertise to be in charge of the deployment of a new station, monitoring the development of microorganisms ... The microbiological monitoring of the start-up, by APLYSIA, speeds up stability of the new plant and acts preventively, ...
The Slug Lab - Learning and Memory with Aplysia and Undergrads
The slug lab is kicking off summer research with a brand new aquarium and mixing station for housing Aplysia. Its a great ... The piece covers several new lines of research on forgetting, including the work weve been doing with Aplysia. Its a great ... Transcriptional changes before and after forgetting of a long-term sensitization memory in Aplysia californica. Neurobiology of ... Transcriptional changes before and after forgetting of a long-term sensitization memory in Aplysia californica. Neurobiology of ...
Developmental emergence of long-term memory for sensitization in Aplysia<...
title = "Developmental emergence of long-term memory for sensitization in Aplysia",. abstract = "Adult Aplysia exhibit both ... N2 - Adult Aplysia exhibit both short-term and long-term memory for sensitization in the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex. ... AB - Adult Aplysia exhibit both short-term and long-term memory for sensitization in the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex. ... Adult Aplysia exhibit both short-term and long-term memory for sensitization in the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex. Previous ...
Octopamine Receptors on 'Aplysia' Neurons: Further Evidence for a Function of Octopamine as a Neurotransmitter.
Some neurons in Aplysia have receptors which are much more sensitive to octopamine than any other structurally related compound ... the octopamine content of whole ganglia and single neurons strongly suggest that octopamine is a neurotransmitter in Aplysia. ... Some neurons in Aplysia have receptors which are much more sensitive to octopamine than any other structurally related compound ... Octopamine Receptors on Aplysia Neurons: Further Evidence for a Function of Octopamine as a Neurotransmitter.. ...
Biomineralization in the Sea Hare Aplysia punctata Initiated by Nano-Dolomite | Repository of Faculty of Science
Biomineralization in the Sea Hare Aplysia punctata Initiated by Nano-Dolomite. Croatica Chemica Acta, 87 (2014), 2; 143-152. ... Tonejc A, Medaković D, Popović S, Jaklin A, Bijelić M, Lončarek I. Biomineralization in the Sea Hare Aplysia punctata Initiated ... A. Tonejc, D. Medaković, S. Popović, A. Jaklin, M. Bijelić and I. Lončarek, "Biomineralization in the Sea Hare Aplysia punctata ... "Biomineralization in the Sea Hare Aplysia punctata Initiated by Nano-Dolomite." Croatica Chemica Acta, vol. 87, no. 2, 2014, pp ...
Evoked ink release in Aplysia produces inhibition of the siphon withdrawal reflex in neighboring conspecifics<...
Aplysia californica exhibit a dramatic defensive reaction, the release of a cloud of dark purple ink, in response to noxious ... N2 - Aplysia californica exhibit a dramatic defensive reaction, the release of a cloud of dark purple ink, in response to ... AB - Aplysia californica exhibit a dramatic defensive reaction, the release of a cloud of dark purple ink, in response to ... abstract = "Aplysia californica exhibit a dramatic defensive reaction, the release of a cloud of dark purple ink, in response ...
The tail-elicited tail withdrawal reflex of Aplysia is mediated centrally at tail sensory-motor synapses and exhibits...
Philips, G. T., Sherff, C. M., Menges, S. A., & Carew, T. J. (2011). The tail-elicited tail withdrawal reflex of Aplysia is ... Philips, GT, Sherff, CM, Menges, SA & Carew, TJ 2011, The tail-elicited tail withdrawal reflex of Aplysia is mediated ... Dive into the research topics of The tail-elicited tail withdrawal reflex of Aplysia is mediated centrally at tail sensory- ... title = "The tail-elicited tail withdrawal reflex of Aplysia is mediated centrally at tail sensory-motor synapses and exhibits ...
The Sea Slug Forum - Nudibranch
Re: NIH-Aplysia Resource Facility. From: Tom Capo, December 8, 1998 * Re: NIH-Aplysia Resource Facility. From: Tom Capo, ... Perhaps they were juveniles? The Black Sea Hare in southern California, Aplysia vaccaria, grows to about 100cm, making it the ... Information on Aplysia in Chile. From: Soledad De La Piedra, March 30, 1999 ... I need specimens of Aplysia cervina. From: Sara Black Banks, November 20, 1998 ...
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The Sea Slug Forum - Bursatella leachii
Aplysia cirrhifera was based on specimens from Mauritius, and MacNae later identified animals from South Africa with that name ... FIGURE: Plate 24; figure 8. Aplysie cirrhifére [Aplysia cirrhifera]. Quoy, J.R & Gaimard, J.P (1832) Atlas.. ... The genus Barnardaclesia was proposed by Engel & Eales (1935) who chose Aplysia cirrhifera Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 as the type ...
Identifications by jujurenoult
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Californica10
- Aplysia californica exhibit a dramatic defensive reaction, the release of a cloud of dark purple ink, in response to noxious stimuli. (nyu.edu)
- The defensive withdrawal reflexes of Aplysia californica have provided powerful behavioral systems for studying the cellular and molecular basis of memory formation. (nyu.edu)
- In their study, the researchers examined GFs in Aplysia californica, the California sea slug. (aspirace.com)
- Aplysia californica, or California sea hare, are raised at the National Resource for Aplysia in Miami, Florida. (changingseas.tv)
- California sea hares (Aplysia californica) line the walls of the saltwater tanks at the National Resource for Aplysia facility in Miami, Florida. (changingseas.tv)
- Red macroalgae, food for Aplysia californica, is cultured and grown at the National Resource for Aplysia in Miami, Florida. (changingseas.tv)
- Klein M, Kandel ER (1978) Presynaptic modulation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ current: mechanism for behavioral sensitization in Aplysia californica. (yale.edu)
- AP5 blocks the cellular analog of classical conditioning in the sea slug Aplysia californica, and has similar effects on Aplysia long-term potentiation, since NMDA receptors are required for both. (morebooks.de)
- For several weeks now, large "sea hares" ( Aplysia californica ) have been showing up on beaches in Alameda and here in Lake Merritt. (stevenefbrown.com)
- Aplysia californica , a sea hare . (wikimili.com)
Hares5
- Cold saltwater pours into tanks filled with California sea hares at the National Resource for Aplysia in Miami, Florida. (changingseas.tv)
- Large California sea hares are being raised at the National Resource for Aplysia facility in Miami, Florida. (changingseas.tv)
- Sunlight and fresh seawater are used to grow red macroalgae, food for the California sea hares raised at the National Resource for Aplysia facility in Miami, Florida. (changingseas.tv)
- In my answer to the first message [# 20224 ] I could say it was a sea hare and suggested either a couple of species of Aplysia, or two other sea hares - Stylocheilus striatus and Bursatella leachii . (seaslugforum.net)
- A diversity of marine molluscs, including sea hares (Aplysia spp. (gsu.edu)
Punctata7
- Aplysia punctata or A. parvula ? (seaslugforum.net)
- Aplysia punctata and commensal? (seaslugforum.net)
- What does Aplysia punctata eat? (seaslugforum.net)
- 2014) 'Biomineralization in the Sea Hare Aplysia punctata Initiated by Nano-Dolomite', Croatica Chemica Acta , 87(2), pp. 143-152. (unizg.hr)
- Tonejc A, Medaković D, Popović S, Jaklin A, Bijelić M, Lončarek I. Biomineralization in the Sea Hare Aplysia punctata Initiated by Nano-Dolomite. (unizg.hr)
- X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) were used in study of starting biomineralization processes in embryos of the sea hare species Aplysia punctata. (unizg.hr)
- The eggs of the sea hare (Aplysia punctata) look like pink silly string. (cornishrockpools.com)
Brasiliana4
- The two species you are most likely to find in Florida are Aplysia brasiliana and Aplysia morio . (seaslugforum.net)
- Dear Nick, This is a Sea Hare , almost certainly Aplysia morio which is a well known visitor, along with Aplysia brasiliana , to Florida. (seaslugforum.net)
- I am pretty sure your animal is Aplysia brasiliana . (seaslugforum.net)
- Although Brian Mason [message # 20235 ] suggested I was correct in suggesting Aplysia brasiliana , the only photos I have been sent - yours and Tom Johnson's [message # 20220 ] are of Bursatella leachii, so I suspect all these messages are about this species. (seaslugforum.net)
20021
- Hoskins, S.R., 2002 (Jun 18) Re: commensal bivalve & Aplysia . (seaslugforum.net)
Morio1
- Brown & white Aplysia morio ? (seaslugforum.net)
Hare Aplysia1
- Juvenile sea hare - Aplysia sp. (panda.org)
20011
- Dawn A., 2001 (Mar 4) And more Aplysia from Florida. (seaslugforum.net)
Florida1
- Thomas Capo, Founder & Manager of the National Resource for Aplysia, at his lab in Miami, Florida. (changingseas.tv)
California1
- The 'Black Sea Hare' in southern California, Aplysia vaccaria , grows to about 100cm, making it the largest species in the world. (seaslugforum.net)
Fasciata1
- During the summer months a large number of mottled seahares ( Aplysia fasciata ) can also be spotted. (visitazores.com)
Vaccaria1
- Of the seven northern range expansions, three were crabs ( Achelous xantusii and Malacoplax californiensis, and Uca princeps), two mollusks (Aplysia vaccaria and Lobatus galeatus), one urchin (Arbacia stellata), and one fish (Alphestes immaculatus). (thefreedictionary.com)
Marina Poddubetskaia1
- Comment on Other Aplysia parvula from Senegal by Marina Poddubetskaia. (seaslugforum.net)
Species6
- Dear Bill, Here are some more photos of the species you previously identified as Aplysia parvula . (seaslugforum.net)
- Thanks Marina, Yes this is the species I have identified earlier as Aplysia parvula . (seaslugforum.net)
- I meant to mention before that Pruvot-Fol (1953) illustrated this colour form from Senegal and proposed a new species name Aplysia vistosa [37-8, Plate 1, figs 15, 17] for it. (seaslugforum.net)
- Aplysia rehderi - Species Dictionary - Global : iSpot Nature - Your place to share nature. (ispotnature.org)
- The genus Barnardaclesia was proposed by Engel & Eales (1935) who chose Aplysia cirrhifera Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 as the type species. (seaslugforum.net)
- I love finding mermaid's purses too - and it's generally easy to identify what species of shark or ray laid them thanks to the Shark Trust's guide - http://www.sharktrust.org/en/identify_your_eggcase . (cornishrockpools.com)
Specimens1
- Aplysia cirrhifera was based on specimens from Mauritius, and MacNae later identified animals from South Africa with that name, but placed them in Bursatella . (seaslugforum.net)
Feeding behavior2
- Changes of internal state are expressed in coherent shifts of neuromuscular activity in Aplysia feeding behavior. (cornell.edu)
- Cycle-to-cycle variability of neuromuscular activity in Aplysia feeding behavior. (cornell.edu)
Appetitive1
- Here, we report an appetitive operant conditioning procedure in Aplysia that induces long-term memory. (sciencemag.org)
Siphon4
- Adult Aplysia exhibit both short-term and long-term memory for sensitization in the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex. (nyu.edu)
- We have found that ink released by animals that are subjected to noxious stimuli rapidly induces inhibition of the tail-elicited siphon withdrawal reflex in neighboring Aplysia. (nyu.edu)
- Because the neural circuits responsible for both tail-elicited siphon withdrawal and the inking response have already been partly delineated, one can now bring the neurobiological advantages of Aplysia to bear on the ethologically important issue of signaling between conspecifics. (nyu.edu)
- Stopfer, M, Chen, X & Carew, TJ 1993, ' Evoked ink release in Aplysia produces inhibition of the siphon withdrawal reflex in neighboring conspecifics ', Behavioral and Neural Biology , vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 196-204. (nyu.edu)
Receptors3
- Octopamine Receptors on 'Aplysia' Neurons: Further Evidence for a Function of Octopamine as a Neurotransmitter. (dtic.mil)
- Some neurons in Aplysia have receptors which are much more sensitive to octopamine than any other structurally related compound. (dtic.mil)
- Most such receptors mediate a hyperpolarizing conductance increase to K. These responses when considered with the octopamine content of whole ganglia and single neurons strongly suggest that octopamine is a neurotransmitter in Aplysia. (dtic.mil)
Mediterranean1
- Mediterranean Aplysia parvula - dwarf male? (seaslugforum.net)
Neurons7
- Furukawa Y, Kandel ER, Pfaffinger P (1992) Three types of early transient potassium currents in Aplysia neurons. (yale.edu)
- Hurwitz I, Ophir A, Korngreen A, Koester J, Susswein AJ (2008) Currents contributing to decision making in neurons B31/B32 of Aplysia. (yale.edu)
- Currents contributing to decision making in neurons B31-B32 of Aplysia (Hurwitz et al. (yale.edu)
- Aplysia is a model organism that is quite powerful for this type of research because its neurons are 10 to 50 times larger than those of higher organisms, such as vertebrates, and it possesses a relatively small network of neurons-characteristics that readily allow for the examination of molecular signaling during memory formation. (aspirace.com)
- In Aplysia, the simple neural circuit that mediates the reflex modified by learning is made up of unique sensory neurons and motor neurons. (aspirace.com)
- Hochner B, Kandel ER (1992) Modulation of a transient K+ current in the pleural sensory neurons of Aplysia by serotonin and cAMP: implications for spike broadening. (yale.edu)
- Hochner B, Klein M, Schacher S, Kandel ER (1986) Action-potential duration and the modulation of transmitter release from the sensory neurons of Aplysia in presynaptic facilitation and behavioral sensitization. (yale.edu)
Withdrawal1
- We developed a finite element bidomain model of an aplysia abdominal ganglion in order to estimate the sensitivity of this contrast mechanism to changes in cell membrane conductance occurring during a gill-withdrawal reflex. (elsevier.com)
Neural1
- 2004. Feeding neural networks in the mollusc Aplysia. . (cornell.edu)
Glands1
- One of those has a spectacular photo of an Aplysia 'inking' [see Ink Glands ]. (seaslugforum.net)
Plate1
- I also enjoyed the way Eric Kandel says "aplysia" (a-pliss-ia) and learning that Tony Grace 's license plate is DOPAMNE . (neuwritesd.org)
Modulation1
- 2005. Identification of a new neuropeptide precursor reveals a novel source of extrinsic modulation in the feeding system of Aplysia. . (cornell.edu)
Memory2
- Aplysia and memory? (seaslugforum.net)
- Eric Kandel's research has been concerned with the molecular mechanisms of memory storage in Aplysia and mice. (childmind.org)
Comment1
- Comment on Re: Inking in Aplysia by lorrie creach. (seaslugforum.net)
System1
- APLYSIA holds expertise to be in charge of the deployment of a new station, monitoring the development of microorganisms responsible for biological treatment of effluents, so that the system operates correctly and safely. (aplysia.com.br)
Network2
- 2003. Convergent mechanisms mediate preparatory states and repetition priming in the feeding network of Aplysia. . (cornell.edu)
- 2007. Multiple contributions of an input-representing neuron to the dynamics of the aplysia feeding network. . (cornell.edu)