AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation Science
AplysiaGanglia, InvertebrateGangliaInvertebrate HormonesFMRFamideSerotoninNeurons, AfferentMolluscaMotor NeuronsNeuropeptidesCheekSynapsesNeuronsFeeding BehaviorGillsReflexNeuronal PlasticityHabituation, PsychophysiologicTailNervous System Physiological PhenomenaNeurosecretionInstinctAcidic GlycosphingolipidsLong-Term PotentiationAction PotentialsElectrophysiologySynaptic TransmissionNervous SystemElectric StimulationAminoethylphosphonic AcidProtein Kinase Calpha-MacroglobulinsPubMedPeriodicals as TopicBooksPublishingMEDLINEAxonal TransportPeptidesColchicineReceptors, HistamineReceptors, Histamine H2Receptors, Histamine H1ImpromidineHistaminePostal ServiceCorrespondence as TopicReceptors, NicotinicLobelineAnabasineAcetylcholineLymnaeaNicotinic Agonists
Aplysia
An opisthobranch mollusk of the order Anaspidea. It is used frequently in studies of nervous system development because of its large identifiable neurons. Aplysiatoxin and its derivatives are not biosynthesized by Aplysia, but acquired by ingestion of Lyngbya (seaweed) species.
Ganglia, Invertebrate
Clusters of neuronal cell bodies in invertebrates. Invertebrate ganglia may also contain neuronal processes and non-neuronal supporting cells. Many invertebrate ganglia are favorable subjects for research because they have small numbers of functional neuronal types which can be identified from one animal to another.
Ganglia
Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized CONNECTIVE TISSUE located outside the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Invertebrate Hormones
Hormones produced by invertebrates, usually insects, mollusks, annelids, and helminths.
FMRFamide
A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3)
Serotonin
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
Neurons, Afferent
Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Mollusca
A phylum of the kingdom Metazoa. Mollusca have soft, unsegmented bodies with an anterior head, a dorsal visceral mass, and a ventral foot. Most are encased in a protective calcareous shell. It includes the classes GASTROPODA; BIVALVIA; CEPHALOPODA; Aplacophora; Scaphopoda; Polyplacophora; and Monoplacophora.
Motor Neurons
Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.
Neuropeptides
Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.
Cheek
The part of the face that is below the eye and to the side of the nose and mouth.
Synapses
Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.
Neurons
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Feeding Behavior
Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
Gills
Paired respiratory organs of fishes and some amphibians that are analogous to lungs. They are richly supplied with blood vessels by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly with the environment.
Reflex
An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.
Neuronal Plasticity
The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.
Habituation, Psychophysiologic
The disappearance of responsiveness to a repeated stimulation. It does not include drug habituation.
Tail
Nervous System Physiological Phenomena
Characteristic properties and processes of the NERVOUS SYSTEM as a whole or with reference to the peripheral or the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Neurosecretion
The production and release of substances such as NEUROTRANSMITTERS or HORMONES from nerve cells.
Instinct
Stereotyped patterns of response, characteristic of a given species, that have been phylogenetically adapted to a specific type of situation.
Acidic Glycosphingolipids
A subclass of GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS containing large polar heads made up of several sugar units. One or more of their terminal sugar units are bound to a negatively charged molecule at pH 7. Members of this class include: GANGLIOSIDES, uronoglycosphingolipids, SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS, phosphoglycosphingolipids, and phosphonoglycosphingolipids.
Long-Term Potentiation
A persistent increase in synaptic efficacy, usually induced by appropriate activation of the same synapses. The phenomenological properties of long-term potentiation suggest that it may be a cellular mechanism of learning and memory.
Action Potentials
Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.
Electrophysiology
The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.
Synaptic Transmission
The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.
Nervous System
The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)
Electric Stimulation
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
Aminoethylphosphonic Acid
An organophosphorus compound isolated from human and animal tissues.
Protein Kinase C
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.
alpha-Macroglobulins
Glycoproteins with a molecular weight of approximately 620,000 to 680,000. Precipitation by electrophoresis is in the alpha region. They include alpha 1-macroglobulins and alpha 2-macroglobulins. These proteins exhibit trypsin-, chymotrypsin-, thrombin-, and plasmin-binding activity and function as hormonal transporters.
PubMed
A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.
Periodicals as Topic
A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.
Books
Publishing
"The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.
MEDLINE
The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).
Axonal Transport
The directed transport of ORGANELLES and molecules along nerve cell AXONS. Transport can be anterograde (from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body). (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, pG3)
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Colchicine
A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE).
Receptors, Histamine
Cell-surface proteins that bind histamine and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Histamine receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues. Three types have been recognized and designated H1, H2, and H3. They differ in pharmacology, distribution, and mode of action.
Receptors, Histamine H2
A class of histamine receptors discriminated by their pharmacology and mode of action. Histamine H2 receptors act via G-proteins to stimulate ADENYLYL CYCLASES. Among the many responses mediated by these receptors are gastric acid secretion, smooth muscle relaxation, inotropic and chronotropic effects on heart muscle, and inhibition of lymphocyte function. (From Biochem Soc Trans 1992 Feb;20(1):122-5)
Receptors, Histamine H1
A class of histamine receptors discriminated by their pharmacology and mode of action. Most histamine H1 receptors operate through the inositol phosphate/diacylglycerol second messenger system. Among the many responses mediated by these receptors are smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability, hormone release, and cerebral glyconeogenesis. (From Biochem Soc Trans 1992 Feb;20(1):122-5)
Impromidine
A highly potent and specific histamine H2 receptor agonist. It has been used diagnostically as a gastric secretion indicator.
Histamine
An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.
Postal Service
The functions and activities carried out by the U.S. Postal Service, foreign postal services, and private postal services such as Federal Express.
Correspondence as Topic
Communication between persons or between institutions or organizations by an exchange of letters. Its use in indexing and cataloging will generally figure in historical and biographical material.
Receptors, Nicotinic
One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Nicotinic receptors were originally distinguished by their preference for NICOTINE over MUSCARINE. They are generally divided into muscle-type and neuronal-type (previously ganglionic) based on pharmacology, and subunit composition of the receptors.
Lobeline
An alkaloid that has actions similar to NICOTINE on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic uses including in respiratory disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, insomnia, and smoking cessation.
Anabasine
A piperidine botanical insecticide.
Acetylcholine
A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.
Lymnaea
A genus of dextrally coiled freshwater snails that includes some species of importance as intermediate hosts of parasitic flukes.
Nicotinic Agonists
Drugs that bind to and activate nicotinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC). Nicotinic agonists act at postganglionic nicotinic receptors, at neuroeffector junctions in the peripheral nervous system, and at nicotinic receptors in the central nervous system. Agents that function as neuromuscular depolarizing blocking agents are included here because they activate nicotinic receptors, although they are used clinically to block nicotinic transmission.

Mechanisms for generating the autonomous cAMP-dependent protein kinase required for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. (1/1209)

The formation of a persistently active cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is critical for establishing long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) in Aplysia. The injection of bovine catalytic (C) subunits into sensory neurons is sufficient to produce protein synthesis-dependent LTF. Early in the LTF induced by serotonin (5-HT), an autonomous PKA is generated through the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis of regulatory (R) subunits. The degradation of R occurs during an early time window and appears to be a key function of proteasomes in LTF. Lactacystin, a specific proteasome inhibitor, blocks the facilitation induced by 5-HT, and this block is rescued by injecting C subunits. R is degraded through an allosteric mechanism requiring an elevation of cAMP coincident with the induction of a ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase.  (+info)

Actions of a pair of identified cerebral-buccal interneurons (CBI-8/9) in Aplysia that contain the peptide myomodulin. (2/1209)

A combination of biocytin back-fills of the cerebral-buccal connectives and immunocytochemistry of the cerebral ganglion demonstrated that of the 13 bilateral pairs of cerebral-buccal interneurons in the cerebral ganglion, a subpopulation of 3 are immunopositive for the peptide myomodulin. The present paper describes the properties of two of these cells, which we have termed CBI-8 and CBI-9. CBI-8 and CBI-9 were found to be dye coupled and electrically coupled. The cells have virtually identical properties, and consequently we consider them to be "twin" pairs and refer to them as CBI-8/9. CBI-8/9 were identified by electrophysiological criteria and then labeled with dye. Labeled cells were found to be immunopositive for myomodulin, and, using high pressure liquid chromatography, the cells were shown to contain authentic myomodulin. CBI-8/9 were found to receive synaptic input after mechanical stimulation of the tentacles. They also received excitatory input from C-PR, a neuron involved in neck lengthening, and received a slow inhibitory input from CC5, a cell involved in neck shortening, suggesting that CBI-8/9 may be active during forward movements of the head or buccal mass. Firing of CBI-8 or CBI-9 resulted in the activation of a relatively small number of buccal neurons as evidenced by extracellular recordings from buccal nerves. Firing also produced local movements of the buccal mass, in particular a strong contraction of the I7 muscle, which mediates radula opening. CBI-8/9 were found to produce a slow depolarization and rhythmic activity of B48, the motor neuron for the I7 muscle. The data provide continuing evidence that the small population of cerebral buccal interneurons is composed of neurons that are highly diverse in their functional roles. CBI-8/9 may function as a type of premotor neuron, or perhaps as a peptidergic modulatory neuron, the functions of which are dependent on the coactivity of other neurons.  (+info)

C-PR neuron of Aplysia has differential effects on "Feeding" cerebral interneurons, including myomodulin-positive CBI-12. (3/1209)

Head lifting and other aspects of the appetitive central motive state that precedes consummatory feeding movements in Aplysia is promoted by excitation of the C-PR neuron. Food stimuli activate C-PR as well as a small population of cerebral-buccal interneurons (CBIs). We wished to determine if firing of C-PR produced differential effects on the various CBIs or perhaps affected all the CBIs uniformly as might be expected for a neuron involved in producing a broad undifferentiated arousal state. We found that when C-PR was fired, it produced a wide variety of effects on various CBIs. Firing of C-PR evoked excitatory input to a newly identified CBI (CBI-12) the soma of which is located in the M cluster near the previously identified CBI-2. CBI-12 shares certain properties with CBI-2, including a similar morphology and a capacity to drive rhythmic activity of the buccal-ganglion. Unlike CBI-2, CBI-12 exhibits myomodulin immunoreactivity. Furthermore when C-PR is fired, CBI-12 receives a polysynaptic voltage-dependent slow excitation, whereas, CBI-2 receives relatively little input. C-PR also polysynaptically excites other CBIs including CBI-1 and CBI-8/9 but produces inhibition in CBI-3. In addition, firing of C-PR inhibits plateau potentials in CBI-5/6. The data suggest that activity of C-PR may promote the activity of one subset of cerebral-buccal interneurons, perhaps those involved in ingestive behaviors that occur during the head-up posture. C-PR also inhibits some cerebral-buccal interneurons that may be involved in behaviors in which C-PR activity is not required or may even interfere with other feeding behaviors such as rejection or grazing, that occur with the head down.  (+info)

In vitro analog of operant conditioning in aplysia. I. Contingent reinforcement modifies the functional dynamics of an identified neuron. (4/1209)

Previously, an analog of operant conditioning in Aplysia was developed using the rhythmic motor activity in the isolated buccal ganglia. This analog expressed a key feature of operant conditioning, namely a selective enhancement in the occurrence of a designated motor pattern by contingent reinforcement. Different motor patterns generated by the buccal central pattern generator were induced by monotonic stimulation of a peripheral nerve (i.e., n.2,3). Phasic stimulation of the esophageal nerve (E n.) was used as an analog of reinforcement. The present study investigated the neuronal mechanisms associated with the genesis of different motor patterns and their modifications by contingent reinforcement. The genesis of different motor patterns was related to changes in the functional states of the pre-motor neuron B51. During rhythmic activity, B51 dynamically switched between inactive and active states. Bursting activity in B51 was associated with, and predicted, characteristic features of a specific motor pattern (i.e., pattern I). Contingent reinforcement of pattern I modified the dynamical properties of B51 by decreasing its resting conductance and threshold for eliciting plateau potentials and thus increased the occurrences of pattern I-related activity in B51. These modifications were not observed in preparations that received either noncontingent reinforcement (i.e., yoke control) or no reinforcement (i.e., control). These results suggest that a contingent reinforcement paradigm can regulate the dynamics of neuronal activity that is centrally programmed by the intrinsic cellular properties of neurons.  (+info)

In vitro analog of operant conditioning in aplysia. II. Modifications of the functional dynamics of an identified neuron contribute to motor pattern selection. (5/1209)

Previously, an analog of operant conditioning was developed using the buccal ganglia of Aplysia, the probabilistic occurrences of a specific motor pattern (i.e., pattern I), a contingent reinforcement (i.e., stimulation of the esophageal nerve), and monotonic stimulation of a peripheral nerve (i.e., n.2,3). This analog expressed a key feature of operant conditioning (i.e., selective enhancement of the probability of occurrence of a designated motor pattern by contingent reinforcement). In addition, the training induced changes in the dynamical properties of neuron B51, an element of the buccal central pattern generator. To gain insights into the neuronal mechanisms that mediate features of operant conditioning, the present study identified a neuronal element that was critically involved in the selective enhancement of pattern I. We found that bursting activity in cell B51 contributed significantly to the expression of pattern I and that changes in the dynamical properties of this cell were associated with the selective enhancement of pattern I. These changes could be induced by an explicit association of reinforcement with random depolarization of B51. No stimulation of n.2,3 was required. These results indicate that the selection of a designated motor pattern by contingent reinforcement and the underlying neuronal plasticity resulted from the association of reinforcement with a component of central neuronal activity that contributes to a specific motor pattern. The sensory stimulus that allows for occurrences of different motor acts may not be critical for induction of plasticity that mediates the selection of a motor output by contingent reinforcement in operant conditioning.  (+info)

Characterization of the Aplysia californica cerebral ganglion F cluster. (6/1209)

The cerebral ganglia neurons of Aplysia californica are involved in the development and modulation of many behaviors. The medially located F cluster has been characterized using morphological, electrophysiological and biochemical techniques and contains at least three previously uncharacterized neuronal population. As the three subtypes are located in three distinct layers, they are designated as top, middle, and bottom layer F-cluster neurons (CFT, CFM, and CFB). The CFT cells are large (92 +/- 25 microm), white, nonuniformly shaped, and located partially in the sheath surrounding the ganglion. These neurons exhibit weak electrical coupling, the presence of synchronized spontaneous changes in membrane potential, and a generalized inhibitory input upon electrical stimulation of the anterior tentacular (AT) nerve. Similar to the CFT neurons, the CFM neurons (46 +/- 12 microm) are mainly silent but do not show electrical coupling or synchronized changes in membrane potential. Unlike the CFT neurons, the CFM neurons exhibit weak action potential broadening during constant current injection. Comparison of the peptide profiles of CFT, CFM, and CFB (10-30 microm) neurons using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry demonstrates distinct peptide molecular weights for each neuronal subtype with the masses of these peptides not matching any previously characterized peptides from A. californica. The mass spectra obtained from the AT nerve are similar to the CFT neuron mass spectra, while upper labial nerve contains many peptides observed in the CFM neurons located in nongranular neuron region.  (+info)

Dopaminergic synapses mediate neuronal changes in an analogue of operant conditioning. (7/1209)

Feeding behavior in Aplysia can be modified by operant conditioning in which contingent reinforcement is conveyed by the esophageal nerve (E n.). A neuronal analogue of this conditioning in the isolated buccal ganglia was developed by using stimulation of E n. as an analogue of contingent reinforcement. Previous studies indicated that E n. may release dopamine. We used a dopamine antagonist (methylergonovine) to investigate whether dopamine mediated the enhancement of motor patterns in the analogue of operant conditioning. Methylergonovine blocked synaptic connections from the reinforcement pathway and the contingent-dependent enhancement of the reinforced pattern. These results suggest that dopamine mediates at least part of the neuronal modifications induced by contingent reinforcement.  (+info)

Nitric oxide stimulates cGMP production and mimics synaptic responses in metacerebral neurons of Aplysia. (8/1209)

Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the nervous systems of many vertebrates and invertebrates. We investigated the mechanism of NO action at an identified synapse between a mechanoafferent neuron, C2, and the serotonergic metacerebral cell (MCC) in the cerebral ganglion of the mollusc Aplysia californica. Stimulation of C2 produces a decreasing conductance, very slow EPSP in the MCC. C2 is thought to use histamine and NO as cotransmitters at this synapse, because both agents mimic the membrane responses. Now we provide evidence that treatment with NO donors stimulates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in the MCC, and as a result cGMP increases. S-Nitrosocysteine (SNC, an NO donor) and 8-bromo-cGMP (8-Br-cGMP) both induced the membrane depolarization and increase in input resistance that are characteristic of the very slow EPSP. Two inhibitors of sGC, 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinequinone (LY83583) and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4, 3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ), suppressed both the very slow EPSP and the membrane responses to SNC but not the histamine membrane responses. NO-induced cGMP production was determined in the MCC using cGMP immunocytochemistry (cGMP-IR). In the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), 10 microM SNC was sufficient to induce cGMP-IR, and the staining intensity increased as the SNC dose was increased. This cGMP-IR was suppressed by ODQ in a dose-dependent manner and completely blocked by 10 microM ODQ. Histamine did not induce cGMP-IR. The results suggest that NO stimulates sGC-dependent cGMP synthesis in the MCC and that cGMP mediates the membrane responses. The cotransmitter histamine induces essentially the same membrane responses but seems to use a separate and distinct second messenger pathway.  (+info)

Abundant expression of ras proteins in Aplysia neurons. | JCBAbundant expression of ras proteins in Aplysia neurons. | JCB
We have cloned a DNA fragment from the marine mollusc Aplysia californica, which contains sequences homologous to mammalian ras genes, by screening a genomic library with a viral Ha-ras oncogene probe under conditions of low stringency hybridization. Nucleotide sequencing revealed a putative exon that encodes amino acids sharing 68% homology with residues 5 to 54 of mammalian p21ras polypeptides, and which therefore is likely to encode a ras-like Aplysia protein. The cloned locus, designated Apl-ras, is distinct from the Aplysia rho (ras-homologue) gene and appears to be more closely related to mammalian ras. We used a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against v-Ha-ras p21 to precipitate an Mr 21,000 protein from extracts of Aplysia nervous tissue, ovotestis, and, to a much lesser degree, buccal muscle. Fluorescence immunocytochemistry revealed that ras-like protein is most abundant in neuronal cell bodies and axon processes, with staining most prominent at plasma membranes. Much less was ...
http://jcb.rupress.org/content/103/2/485
Pharmacological dissociation of different forms of synaptic plasticity in the marine mollusc Aplysia<...Pharmacological dissociation of different forms of synaptic plasticity in the marine mollusc Aplysia<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Pharmacological dissociation of different forms of synaptic plasticity in the marine mollusc Aplysia. AU - Emptage, N. J.. AU - Mauelshagen, J.. AU - Mercer, A.. AU - Carew, T. J.. PY - 1996. Y1 - 1996. N2 - The actions of the neuromodulator serotonin (5HT) in Aplysia sensory neurons can be dissociated on the basis of their sensitivity to the 5HT receptor antagonist cyproheptadine, and their concentration requirement to 5HT. Here we summarise a series of experiments that suggest that mechanistically distinct processes contribute to the different physiological components of short- and long-term synaptic plasticity.. AB - The actions of the neuromodulator serotonin (5HT) in Aplysia sensory neurons can be dissociated on the basis of their sensitivity to the 5HT receptor antagonist cyproheptadine, and their concentration requirement to 5HT. Here we summarise a series of experiments that suggest that mechanistically distinct processes contribute to the different physiological ...
https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/pharmacological-dissociation-of-different-forms-of-synaptic-plast
Cell and molecular analysis of long-term sensitization in Aplysia<...Cell and molecular analysis of long-term sensitization in Aplysia<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cell and molecular analysis of long-term sensitization in Aplysia. AU - Castellucci, V. F.. AU - Frost, W. N.. AU - Goelet, P.. AU - Montarolo, P. G.. AU - Schacher, S.. AU - Morgan, J. A.. AU - Blumenfeld, H.. AU - Kandel, E. R.. PY - 1986/12/1. Y1 - 1986/12/1. N2 - We have found that one cellular locus for the storage of the memory underlying short-term sensitization of the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia is the set of monosynaptic connections between the siphon sensory cells and the gill and siphon motor neurons. These connections also participate in the storage of memory underlying long-term sensitization. In animals that have undergone long-term sensitization, the amplitudes of the monosynaptic connections are significantly larger (2.2x) than the ones in control animals. To study the mechanisms of onset and retention of long-term synaptic facilitation that underly long-term sensitization and the role of protein synthesis in long-term memory, we have developed ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cell-and-molecular-analysis-of-long-term-sensitization-in-aplysia
Prion Powers Synapses by Forming Amyloid | ALZFORUMPrion Powers Synapses by Forming Amyloid | ALZFORUM
Prions have a bad reputation. They are responsible for a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and a plethora of spongiform encephalopathies in animals. But there may be more to neuronal prions than neurotoxicity. In the February 5 Cell, researchers led by Kausik Si at the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, report that in the marine mollusk Aplysia Californica, prion-like activity of an RNA binding protein controls long-term facilitation (LTF), a strengthening of synaptic transmission that has been linked to memory formation. The protein oligomerizes into amyloid fibers when Aplysia sensory neurons are stimulated with serotonin and, in turn, the amyloid seems to strengthen LTF. This is the first example of eukaryotic prion activity having a physiological function, according to the authors. They also suggest that it might be representative of a new class of proteins that utilize a self-perpetuating multimeric state to ...
http://www.alzforum.org/news/research-news/prion-powers-synapses-forming-amyloid
Frontiers | Asymmetric localization of natural antisense RNA of neuropeptide sensorin in Aplysia sensory neurons during aging...Frontiers | Asymmetric localization of natural antisense RNA of neuropeptide sensorin in Aplysia sensory neurons during aging...
Despite the advances in our understanding of transcriptome, regulation and function of its noncoding components continue to be poorly understood. Here we searched for natural antisense transcript for sensorin (NAT-SRN), a neuropeptide expressed in the presynaptic sensory neurons of gill-withdrawal reflex of the marine snail Aplysia californica. Sensorin (SRN) has a key role in learning and long-term memory storage in Aplysia. We have identified NAT-SRN in the central nervous system (CNS) and have confirmed its expression by northern blotting and fluorescent RNA in situ hybridization. Quantitative analysis of NAT-SRN in micro dissected cell bodies and processes of sensory neurons suggest that NAT-SRN is present in the distal neuronal processes along with sense transcripts. Importantly, aging is associated with reduced levels of NAT-SRN in sensory neuron processes. Furthermore, we find that forskolin, an activator of CREB signaling, differentially alters the distribution of SRN and NAT-SRN. These studies
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2014.00084/full
Plus itPlus it
The neural and cellular mechanisms of plasticity apparent in the feeding behavior of the mollusk Aplysia californica have been extensively studied in a simple neuromuscular circuit consisting of the accessory radula closer (ARC) muscle and its innervating motor and modulatory neurons. In this circuit, the plasticity is largely due to modulation of the amplitude and duration of the contractions of the muscle by a variety of modulatory neurotransmitters and peptide cotransmitters, among them the small cardioactive peptides (SCPs), myomodulins (MMs), and serotonin (5-HT). We have studied dissociated but functionally intact ARC muscle fibers to determine whether modulation of membrane ion currents in the muscle might underlie these effects. Using voltage-clamp techniques, we found that two currents were indeed modulated. In the preceding article, we proposed that enhancement of L-type Ca current is the mechanism by which the modulators potentiate the amplitude of ARC-muscle contractions. Here, we ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/14/7/4412
The enterins inhibit the contractile activity of the anterior aorta of Aplysia kurodai | Journal of Experimental BiologyThe enterins inhibit the contractile activity of the anterior aorta of Aplysia kurodai | Journal of Experimental Biology
The anterior aorta of Aplysia is innervated by nerves arising from the abdominal ganglion (Sawada et al., 1981a). The vulvar nerve is one of the nerves innervating the anterior aorta, in which axons of some identifiable motoneurons or modulatory neurons for the anterior aorta are contained (Sawada et al., 1981a, 1984c). The phasic contraction evoked by the vulvar nerve stimulation was inhibited by the enterins. At least, one of the mechanisms for the inhibition seems to be activation of K+ conductance of the muscle membrane. We found that the enterins hyperpolarize the membrane potential of the muscle fibers via the activation of 4-AP-sensitive K+ channels. Sensitivity of the K+ channels to 4-AP is quite high, and EC50 of 4-AP was,10-6 mol l-1. The value is comparable to another highly 4-AP-sensitive K+ channel described in the accessory radula closer muscle of Aplysia (Brezina et al., 1994). The enterin-induced hyperpolarization of the muscle membrane should, in principle, reduce the ...
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/205/22/3525
Gene isolation with cDNA probes from identified aplysia neurons: Neuropeptide modulators of cardiovascular physiology<...Gene isolation with cDNA probes from identified aplysia neurons: Neuropeptide modulators of cardiovascular physiology<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Gene isolation with cDNA probes from identified aplysia neurons. T2 - Neuropeptide modulators of cardiovascular physiology. AU - Nambu, John R.. AU - Taussig, Ronald. AU - Mahon, Anne C.. AU - Scheller, Richard H.. PY - 1983. Y1 - 1983. N2 - The Aplysia abdominal ganglion neurons, R3-R14, modulate cardiovascular activity. In vitro translations of poly(A)+ RNA from these cells suggest that they contain a prevalent mRNA encoding a 14 kd protein. Utilizing differential screening techniques with 32P-labeled cDNA synthesized from the poly(A)+ RNA of identified neurons, we isolated the corresponding gene. The Aplysia haploid genome contains a single copy of this sequence, which is interrupted by two large introns and spans ∼7 kb of genomic DNA. The R3-R14 neurons specifically express this gene, resulting in the synthesis of a 1.25 kb mRNA not found in other abdominal ganglion cells or in the head ganglia. The gene was shown to encode a 13.5 kd precursor, which is proteolytically ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/gene-isolation-with-cdna-probes-from-identified-aplysia-neurons-n
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The buccalin-related peptides, buccalin A and buccalin B, are members of a family of cotransmitters that modulate neuromuscular transmission in Aplysia. In this study, a third buccalin-related peptide, buccalin C, was purified from neuronal elements in the accessory radula closer, a muscle involved in the animals feeding behavior. Oligonucleotide probes based upon the amino acid sequence of buccalin C were used to isolate cDNA clones that encode a buccalin precursor polypeptide. The buccalin precursor contains 19 distinct buccalin-related peptides, several of which are present in multiple copies. The buccalin gene appears to be present in a single copy, with one allele containing a small insert. Expression of this gene occurs in a tissue-specific manner and mRNA transcripts are abundant within neurons in the Aplysia CNS. This large family of neuropeptides may exert extraordinarily complex modulatory actions at synapses where they serve as cotransmitters. ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/13/8/3346
MicrocircuitDB: Caffeine-induced electrical oscillations in Aplysia neurons (Komendantov, Kononenko 2000)MicrocircuitDB: Caffeine-induced electrical oscillations in Aplysia neurons (Komendantov, Kononenko 2000)
It has been found that in cultured Aplysia neurons bath applications of 40 mM cafffeine evokes oscillations of the membrane potential with about a 40 mV amplitude with a frequency of 0.2 to 0.5 Hz. The most probable mechanism of these caffeine-induced oscillations is inhibition of voltage-activated outward potassium current and, as can be seen from our mathematical modeling, slowdown of inactivation of inward sodium current. It seems likely that these oscillations have a purely membrane origin. Please see paper for results and details ...
https://senselab.med.yale.edu/MicroCircuitDB/ShowModel?model=34558&file=/Komendantov/Fig_7/L7_01.ous
Localization of Aplysia neurosecretory peptides to multiple populations of dense core vesicles. | JCBLocalization of Aplysia neurosecretory peptides to multiple populations of dense core vesicles. | JCB
Many neurons in the mollusc Aplysia are identifiable and provide a useful model system for investigating the cellular mechanisms used by the neuroendocrine system to mediate simple behaviors. In this study we determined the subcellular localization of eight Aplysia neuropeptides using immunogold labeling techniques, and analyzed the size distribution of dense core and granular vesicles in peptidergic neurons. Recent observations demonstrate that many neurons use multiple chemical messengers. Thus, an understanding of the functional significance of cotransmitters requires an analysis of their relative subcellular distributions. The peptides are expressed in a subset of neurons, or the exocrine atrial gland, and are primarily localized to dense core vesicles. Multiple regions of precursors which are cleaved into several components are co-localized. Each neuron has a distinct size distribution of peptide-containing dense core vesicles ranging in size from 65 to 600 nm. The atrial gland contains ...
http://jcb.rupress.org/content/102/3/769
Serotonin shifts the phase of the orcadian rhythm from the Aplysia eye<...Serotonin shifts the phase of the orcadian rhythm from the Aplysia eye<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Serotonin shifts the phase of the orcadian rhythm from the Aplysia eye. AU - Corrent, G.. AU - McAdoo, D. J.. AU - Eskin, A.. PY - 1978/12/1. Y1 - 1978/12/1. N2 - A putative neurotransmitter, serotonin, may be used to transmit temporal information in the eye of Aplysia, because it can shift the phase of the circadian rhythm of spontaneous optic nerve impulses from the eye and the eye contains a significant quantity of serotonin. Serotonin acts either directly on the cell, or cells, containing the circadian pacemaker or on cells electronically coupled to the pacemaker cells.. AB - A putative neurotransmitter, serotonin, may be used to transmit temporal information in the eye of Aplysia, because it can shift the phase of the circadian rhythm of spontaneous optic nerve impulses from the eye and the eye contains a significant quantity of serotonin. Serotonin acts either directly on the cell, or cells, containing the circadian pacemaker or on cells electronically coupled to the ...
https://miami.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/serotonin-shifts-the-phase-of-the-orcadian-rhythm-from-the-aplysi
David Glanzman - Neurosciences - FBNDavid Glanzman - Neurosciences - FBN
We have found that serotonin (5-HT), the endogenous monoamine that mediates dishabituation and sensitization, causes upregulation of AMPA receptor function in Aplysia motor neurons. This functional upregulation of AMPA receptors depends upon release of calcium from postsynaptic intracellular stores and postsynaptic exocytosis. We hypothesize that stimuli that induce dishabituation and sensitization in Aplysia modulate AMPA receptor trafficking in motor neurons that mediate that withdrawal reflex. Support for this hypothesis comes from experiments in which prior injection of botulinum toxin, an inhibitor of exocytosis, into identified siphon motor neurons blocks behavioral dishabituation of the siphon withdrawal reflex ...
http://www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr/fr/manifestations-scientifiques/archives-des-seminaires/seminaires-2005/david-glanzman.html
Comparative analysis of early ontogeny in Bursatella leachii and Aplysia californica [PeerJ]Comparative analysis of early ontogeny in Bursatella leachii and Aplysia californica [PeerJ]
Opisthobranch molluscs exhibit fascinating body plans associated with the evolution of shell loss in multiple lineages. Sea hares in particular are interesting because Aplysia californica is a well-studied model organism that offers a large suite of genetic tools. Bursatella leachii is a related tropical sea hare that lacks a shell as an adult and therefore lends itself to comparative analysis with A. californica. We have established an enhanced culturing procedure for B. leachii in husbandry that enabled the study of shell formation and loss in this lineage with respect to A. californica life staging.
https://peerj.com/articles/700/
PDRA - Cellular and Sub Cellular Analysis at DIT/FOCAS - The International Society for Clinical SpectroscopyPDRA - Cellular and Sub Cellular Analysis at DIT/FOCAS - The International Society for Clinical Spectroscopy
Postdoctoral Research Scientist position available in DIT/FOCAS. Applications are sought for the position of Research Scientist: Vibrational Spectroscopy for Cellular Analysis in the FOCAS Research Institute, DIT. The position is a 5 year specified purpose contract associated with a Science Foundation Ireland PI Award Advancing Vibrational Spectroscopy for Cellular and Sub Cellular Analysis, supervised by Prof Hugh J. Byrne. Funding is initially available for 42 months.. The project will extend the expertise of DIT in the applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy (Raman and Infrared) to the exploration of the underlying biochemical and metabolic changes associated with (nano) toxic and chemotherapeutic responses in vitro. It will explore improved in vitro models, spectral acquisition and data processing and analysis techniques.. The successful candidate is expected to have an excellent working knowledge and expertise in both Raman and Infrared spectroscopic techniques, with specific ...
https://clirspec.org/2014/09/pdra-ditfocas/
David Glanzman, Ph.D. | Neurobiology Department at UCLADavid Glanzman, Ph.D. | Neurobiology Department at UCLA
Research. Dr. Glanzman is interested in the cell biology of learning and memory in simple organisms. In our research we use two animals, the marine snail Aplysia californica, and the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Work on Aplysia: This invertebrate has a comparatively simple nervous system (~ 20,000 neurons) that provides a valuable experimental model for understanding the cellular mechanisms that underlie simple forms of learning, such as habituation, sensitization, and classical conditioning. Another experimental advantage of Aplysia is that sensory and motor neurons that mediate specific reflexes of the animal can be placed into dissociated cell culture where they will reform their synaptic connections. These in vitro sensorimotor synapses are extremely useful for cellular and molecular studies of short- and long-term learning-related synaptic plasticity. Currently, my laboratory is investigating the mechanisms that underlie the persistence of memory: how are memories maintained in our brains over ...
https://www.neurobio.ucla.edu/node/262
Aplysia Neurons [image] | EurekAlert! Science NewsAplysia Neurons [image] | EurekAlert! Science News
Two Aplysia sensory neurons with synaptic contacts on the same motor neuron in culture after isolation from the nervous system of Aplysia. The motor neuron has been injected with a fluorescent molecule that blocks the activity of a specific Protein Kinase M molecule.
https://eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/143592.php?from=362691
Egg Laying Hormone of Aplysia - CCP1183-5mg | acris-antibodies.comEgg Laying Hormone of Aplysia - CCP1183-5mg | acris-antibodies.com
Egg Laying Hormone of Aplysia, 5 mg. The aplysia egg-laying-hormone a 36 amino acid peptide acts as a neurotransmitter on cells of the abdominal ganglion and at the same time diffuses into the hemolymph where it is dispersed through the organism and acts
https://www.acris-antibodies.com/synthetic-peptides/egg-laying-hormone-of-aplysia-ccp1183-5mg.htm
ModelDB: Caffeine-induced electrical oscillations in Aplysia neurons (Komendantov, Kononenko 2000)ModelDB: Caffeine-induced electrical oscillations in Aplysia neurons (Komendantov, Kononenko 2000)
README_Komendantov.txt (or Readme.txt in ModelDB) This simulation reproduces the model published in: Komendantov, A.O. and Kononenko, N.I. (2000) Caffeine-induced oscillations of the membrane potential in Aplysia neurons. Neurophysiology 32: 77-84. The results of a simulation are illustrated in L7_01_smu.jpg. Example use: Start SNNAP (double click on the SNNAP.jar file) click on Run Simulation Then in the new window File-,Load Simulation browse to and load L7_01.smu file to load a simulation that creates a figure similar to the L7 neuron in Fig 8 from the paper and click Start See http://snnap.uth.tmc.edu/ to download SNNAP ...
https://senselab.med.yale.edu/ModelDB/showModel.cshtml?model=34558
RFA-CA-16-001: Innovative Molecular and Cellular Analysis Technologies for Basic and Clinical Cancer Research (R21)RFA-CA-16-001: Innovative Molecular and Cellular Analysis Technologies for Basic and Clinical Cancer Research (R21)
NIH Funding Opportunities and Notices in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts: Innovative Molecular and Cellular Analysis Technologies for Basic and Clinical Cancer Research (R21) RFA-CA-16-001. NCI
https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-CA-16-001.html
Long-term potentiation - WikipediaLong-term potentiation - Wikipedia
Before the local protein synthesis hypothesis gained significant support, there was general agreement that the protein synthesis underlying L-LTP occurred in the cell body. Further, there was thought that the products of this synthesis were shipped cell-wide in a nonspecific manner. It thus became necessary to explain how protein synthesis could occur in the cell body without compromising LTPs input specificity. The synaptic tagging hypothesis attempts to solve the cells difficult problem of synthesizing proteins in the cell body but ensuring they only reach synapses that have received LTP-inducing stimuli. The synaptic tagging hypothesis proposes that a synaptic tag is synthesized at synapses that have received LTP-inducing stimuli, and that this synaptic tag may serve to capture plasticity-related proteins shipped cell-wide from the cell body.[41] Studies of LTP in the marine snail Aplysia californica have implicated synaptic tagging as a mechanism for the input-specificity of LTP.[42][43] ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_potentiation
Long-term potentiation - WikipediaLong-term potentiation - Wikipedia
Before the local protein synthesis hypothesis gained significant support, there was general agreement that the protein synthesis underlying L-LTP occurred in the cell body. Further, there was thought that the products of this synthesis were shipped cell-wide in a nonspecific manner. It thus became necessary to explain how protein synthesis could occur in the cell body without compromising LTPs input specificity. The synaptic tagging hypothesis attempts to solve the cells difficult problem of synthesizing proteins in the cell body but ensuring they only reach synapses that have received LTP-inducing stimuli. The synaptic tagging hypothesis proposes that a synaptic tag is synthesized at synapses that have received LTP-inducing stimuli, and that this synaptic tag may serve to capture plasticity-related proteins shipped cell-wide from the cell body.[47] Studies of LTP in the marine snail Aplysia californica have implicated synaptic tagging as a mechanism for the input-specificity of LTP.[48][49] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_term_potentiation
Neuronal Cell Cultures from Aplysia for High-Resolution Imaging of Growth Cones | Protocol (Translated to Hebrew)Neuronal Cell Cultures from Aplysia for High-Resolution Imaging of Growth Cones | Protocol (Translated to Hebrew)
Aplysia נוירונים californica לפתח קונוסים צמיחה גדול בתרבות כי הם מעולה עבור הדמיה ברזולוציה גבוהה של תנועתיות צמיחה חרוט והדרכה. כאן,...
https://www.jove.com/video/662/-aplysia-?language=Hebrew
HealthNewsDigest.comHealthNewsDigest.com
HealthNewsDigest.com) - New York, NY -Different types of memories stored in the same neuron of the marine snail Aplysia can be selectively erased, according to a new study by researchers at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) and McGill University and published today in Current Biology.. The findings suggest that it may be possible to develop drugs to delete memories that trigger anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) without affecting other important memories of past events.. During emotional or traumatic events, multiple memories can become encoded, including memories of any incidental information that is present when the event occurs. In the case of a traumatic experience, the incidental, or neutral, information can trigger anxiety attacks long after the event has occurred, say the researchers.. The example I like to give is, if you are walking in a high-crime area and you take a shortcut through a dark alley and get mugged, and then you happen to see a mailbox nearby, you ...
http://www.healthnewsdigest.com/news/memoryissues0/Select-Memories-Can-Be-Erased-Leaving-Others-Intact.shtml
Aplysia CPEB can form prion-like multimers in sensory neurons that contribute to long-term facilitationAplysia CPEB can form prion-like multimers in sensory neurons that contribute to long-term facilitation
Prions are proteins that can assume at least two distinct conformational states, one of which is dominant and self-perpetuating. Previously we found that a translation regulator CPEB from Aplysia, ApCPEB, that stabilizes activity-dependent changes in synaptic efficacy can display prion-like properti …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20144764/?dopt=Abstract
Ionic currents in response to membrane depolarization in an aplysia ne by David J. Adams and Peter W. GageIonic currents in response to membrane depolarization in an aplysia ne by David J. Adams and Peter W. Gage
1. Action potentials recorded in the soma of R15 neurones in the abdominal ganglia of Aplysia juliana were not suppressed by selective inhibition of either Na or Ca conductance alone. It was necessary to block both conductances to suppress action potentials. 2. Membrane currents generated by step depolarizations of the soma consisted of early transient and delayed steady-state currents. The early transient current could have one or two components depending on the activating depolarization. 3. The early more rapid component had a reversal potential at +54 mV and the reversal potential changed with extracellular Na concentration in accord with the Nernst equation. It was blocked by substitution of impermeant cations for Na, by TTX and by internal injections of Zn. It was concluded that this component was normally a Na current. 4. The later slower component of the transient current had a reversal potential at about +65 mV and the reversal potential changed with extracellular Ca concentration is accord with
https://ro.uow.edu.au/ihmri/771/
Fluorescent voltage imaging for detection of networks in Aplysia central nervous system responding to electrical stimulation<...Fluorescent voltage imaging for detection of networks in Aplysia central nervous system responding to electrical stimulation<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Fluorescent voltage imaging for detection of networks in Aplysia central nervous system responding to electrical stimulation. AU - Arawaka, Hiroto. AU - Matsumoto, Naoko. AU - Aoki, Kazuto. AU - Yoshimi, Yasuo. PY - 2011/9/14. Y1 - 2011/9/14. M3 - Article. JO - Neuroscience2011, Yokohama. JF - Neuroscience2011, Yokohama. ER - ...
https://shibaura.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/fluorescent-voltage-imaging-for-detection-of-networks-in-aplysia-
Phylogenetic analysis of ionotropic L-glutamate receptor genes in the Bilateria, with special notes on Aplysia californica |...Phylogenetic analysis of ionotropic L-glutamate receptor genes in the Bilateria, with special notes on Aplysia californica |...
Background The neurotransmitter L-Glutamate (L-Glu) acting at ionotropic L-Glu receptors (iGluR) conveys fast excitatory signal transmission in the nervous systems of all animals. iGluR-dependent...
https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12862-016-0871-1
Sortfolio: Binary Neuron L.L.C, PhiladelphiaSortfolio: Binary Neuron L.L.C, Philadelphia
Find about Binary Neuron L.L.C, Philadelphia, PA on Sortfolio. Browse by style, budget, and location. View portfolios and previous work.
https://www.sortfolio.com/listings/6436-binary-neuron-l-l-c
The role of rapid, local, postsynaptic protein synthesis in learning-related synaptic facilitation in aplysiaThe role of rapid, local, postsynaptic protein synthesis in learning-related synaptic facilitation in aplysia
The discovery that dendrites of neurons in the mammalian brain possess the capacity for protein synthesis stimulated interest in the potential role of local, postsynaptic protein synthesis in learning-related synaptic plasticity. But it remains unclear how local, postsynaptic protein synthesis actua …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18006316/?dopt=Abstract
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Aplysia californica (Alacrity, Redondo Beach, CA), weighing 80-120 g, were anesthetized by injection of isotonic MgCl2, and their abdominal and pleural-pedal ganglia were removed. Prior to desheathing, ganglia were treated with 0.5% glutaraldehyde for 50 s to prevent contraction of muscle cells in the remaining sheath. Ganglia were secured with minuten pins on wax in a recording chamber and desheathed in a 1:1 mixture of MgCl2 and artificial sea water. In experiments on facilitation of depressed synapses, synaptic connections between LE siphon SNs and LFS MNs in the abdominal ganglion were recorded after the left ventral surface of the ganglion was desheathed. In experiments on spike broadening in SNs, pleural ganglia were desheathed to expose the SNs in the ventrocaudal (VC) cluster.. Experiments were performed at room temperature. Ganglia were superfused with high-Mg2+/high-Ca2+ culture medium (6 × normal Ca2+, 1.6 × normal Mg2+) (Goldsmith and Abrams 1991) to reduce polysynaptic input and ...
http://jn.physiology.org/content/95/4/2713
Application Notes - Fluxion Biosciences - Cellular AnalysisApplication Notes - Fluxion Biosciences - Cellular Analysis
BioFlux automates live cell analysis for shear assays, long-term cell culture, physiologically relevant conditions, cell-cell interactions, and 2-phase flow. Applications include microbiology, immunology, hematology, cancer and others.
https://bioflux.fluxionbio.com/application-notes
Library Docs - Fluxion Biosciences - Cellular AnalysisLibrary Docs - Fluxion Biosciences - Cellular Analysis
BioFlux automates live cell analysis for shear assays, long-term cell culture, physiologically relevant conditions, cell-cell interactions, and 2-phase flow. Applications include microbiology, immunology, hematology, cancer and others.
https://bioflux.fluxionbio.com/library-docs
KAKEN - Research Projects | Molecular and Cellular Analysis of a Leucine-rich Repeat Molecule RP105 (KAKENHI-PROJECT-09470096)KAKEN - Research Projects | Molecular and Cellular Analysis of a Leucine-rich Repeat Molecule RP105 (KAKENHI-PROJECT-09470096)
Principal Investigator：MIYAKE Kensuke, Project Period (FY)：1997 - 1998, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Section：一般, Research Field：Immunology
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09470096/
Cellular Analysis Vectors | NEBCellular Analysis Vectors | NEB
The mammalian SNAPf and CLIPf vectors express faster-reacting variants of the SNAP- and CLIP-tags than previously available vectors.
https://www.neb.com/products/cellular-analysis/cellular-analysis-vectors/cellular-analysis-vectors
magnesium chloride Protocols and Video...magnesium chloride Protocols and Video...
Video articles in JoVE about magnesium chloride include An In Vitro Preparation for Eliciting and Recording Feeding Motor Programs with Physiological Movements in Aplysia californica, Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure, A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses, The Cell-based L-Glutathione Protection Assays to Study Endocytosis and Recycling of Plasma Membrane Proteins, Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro, Extracellularly Identifying Motor Neurons for a Muscle Motor Pool in Aplysia californica, Engineering Golden Fluorescence by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-Canonical Amino Acids and Protein Analysis by Mass Spectrometry and Fluorescence, Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins, Isolation and Activation of Murine Lymphocytes, Layered Alginate Constructs: A Platform for Co-culture
https://www.jove.com/keyword/magnesium+chloride
Buccal Ganglia MapBuccal Ganglia Map
The Buccal neurons are divided into motoneurons, which innervate muscles and interneurons, which are mostly confined to the buccal ganglion. The interneurons are active in turn, with each type of nterneuron only active in one phase of the rhythm. Motoneurons may be active in more than one phase. the picture below shows a simplified diagram, showing which neurons are active in any one phase ...
http://biolpc22.york.ac.uk/snails/activity.html
Recent Articles | Aplysia And Cell & Molecular Biology | The Scientist Magazine®Recent Articles | Aplysia And Cell & Molecular Biology | The Scientist Magazine®
The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory researchers work will help predict how the Arctic is responding to climate change-and the global effects of those changes.. 0 Comments. ...
https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.list/categoryNo/2625/category/The-Scientist/tagNo/1097,4/tags/Aplysia,cell--amp--molecular-biology/
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Binding of [125I]α-bungarotoxin to acetylcholine receptors of ganglionic homogenate of the marine mollusc Aplysia is blocked by the anticholinesterases eserine (I50 = 4 µM) and neostigmine (I50 = 0.2 mM). The classical acetylcholine antagonist d-tubocurarine blocks with an I50 of 2 µM. Eserine (I50 = 3.2 µM) and neostigmine (I50 , 1 mM) also block toxin binding to a solubilized receptor preparation. In contrast to their relative potency in blocking toxin binding, neostigmine is a more potent inhibitor of Aplysia acetylcholinesterase (I50 = 14 nM) than is eserine (I50 = 250 nM). α-Bungarotoxin does not affect esterase activity or interfere with the ability of eserine to block the esterase. The response to acetylcholine recorded through intracellular microelectrodes is blocked by α-bungarotoxin. Neither eserine nor neostigmine blocks the acetylcholine response; rather, they prolong and increase it, as expected from their effects on the esterase. Eserine (0.1 mM) blocks the α-bungarotoxin ...
http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/12/6/999
Kainate receptor-mediated heterosynaptic facilitation in the amygdala<...Kainate receptor-mediated heterosynaptic facilitation in the amygdala<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Kainate receptor-mediated heterosynaptic facilitation in the amygdala. AU - Li, He. AU - Chen, Aiqin. AU - Xing, Guoqiang. AU - Wei, Mei Ling. AU - Rogawski, Michael A. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - Prolonged low-frequency stimulation of excitatory afferents to basolateral amygdala neurons results in enduring enhancement of excitatory synaptic responses. The induction of this form of synaptic plasticity is eliminated by selective antagonists of GluR5 kainate receptors and can be mimicked by the GluR5 agonist ATPA. Kainate receptor-mediated synaptic facilitation generalizes to include inactive afferent synapses on the target neurons, and therefore contrasts with other types of activity-dependent enduring synaptic facilitation that are input-pathway specific. Such heterosynaptic spread of synaptic facilitation could account for adaptive and pathological expansion in the set of critical internal and external stimuli that trigger amygdala-dependent behavioral responses.. AB - Prolonged ...
https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/kainate-receptor-mediated-heterosynaptic-facilitation-in-the-amyg
The kinematics of swallowing in the buccal mass of Aplysia californica. | Journal of Experimental BiologyThe kinematics of swallowing in the buccal mass of Aplysia californica. | Journal of Experimental Biology
Neuropeptides are a diverse assemblage of signalling molecules that have key roles in the regulation of behaviour. Understanding the evolutionary relationships and functions of the plethora of neuropeptides has presented a considerable challenge to biologists. Based on presentations and discussions at a Royal Society meeting in 2017, three companion Review articles by Elphick et al., Jékely et al. and DeLaney et al. discuss advances in our knowledge of neuropeptide evolution and function and the techniques that have facilitated progress in this field of research.. ...
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/200/4/735
A Simple Form of Memory at Nerve-Muscle Synapses of the Frog - March 15, 2013A Simple Form of Memory at Nerve-Muscle Synapses of the Frog - March 15, 2013
Science Speaker Dr. Richard Manalis, Adjunct Professor of Biological Sciences, Goshen College. A Simple Form of Memory at Nerve-Muscle Synapses of the Frog ...
http://gconline.goshen.edu/public/prod/eventcal/bin/displayDetail.php3?eid=26567&dInterval=sem
Serotonin immunoreactivity of neurons in the gastropod Aplysia californica. - PubMed - NCBISerotonin immunoreactivity of neurons in the gastropod Aplysia californica. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3018150?dopt=Abstract
Withdrawal reflex legal definition of Withdrawal reflexWithdrawal reflex legal definition of Withdrawal reflex
Definition of Withdrawal reflex in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is Withdrawal reflex? Meaning of Withdrawal reflex as a legal term. What does Withdrawal reflex mean in law?
https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Withdrawal+reflex
Microfluidic electroporation for cellular analysis and delivery - Lab on a Chip (RSC Publishing)Microfluidic electroporation for cellular analysis and delivery - Lab on a Chip (RSC Publishing)
Electroporation is a simple yet powerful technique for breaching the cell membrane barrier. The applications of electroporation can be generally divided into two categories: the release of intracellular proteins, nucleic acids and other metabolites for analysis and the delivery of exogenous reagents
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/LC/2013/C3LC50566A
Genetic and cellular analysis of the novel cell proliferation regulator, deflated, in Drosophila - ResearchOnline@JCUGenetic and cellular analysis of the novel cell proliferation regulator, deflated, in Drosophila - [email protected]
The regulation of cell proliferation needs to be coordinated with cell growth and differentiation regulation in multicellular organisms for development to occur properly and tumourogenesis to be avoided. Cell proliferation is regulated through positive and negative signals that influence progression through the cell cycle. The cell cycle is regulated by cyclin dependent kinases that are controlled by the binding of cyclins, whose protein levels oscillate throughout the cell cycle. It is extremely important that progression through the cell cycle is regulated correctly, that mitosis only occurs once DNA replication is completed, and that DNA replication only begins once chromosomes have segregated into daughter cells. While there is great understanding about how the different phases of the cell cycle are controlled, it is still largely unknown how the phases are coordinately regulated, and how the cell cycle is regulated externally during development. An understanding of how cell proliferation is ...
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/17563/
Nanoshell sensors for cellular analysis - University of ArizonaNanoshell sensors for cellular analysis - University of Arizona
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The incidence of diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. and will continue to increase rapidly across all age group and ethnicities for the foreseeable future. The resulting cost to society via health care, lost wages, etc. is staggering and the decreased quality of life is immeasurable. Type 2 diabetes is primarily manifest in two categories, insufficient insulin secretion and enhanced insulin resistance. In non-diabetics, increased serum glucose stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreatic ?-cell and decreases glucagon secretion from the pancreatic ?-cell. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is a complex process that is regulated via complex signaling pathways within the cell. The dynamics of cellular signaling, and corresponding insulin release, are critical to normal regulation of serum glucose, however, detection of many cellular signals is not possible due to a dearth of sensing technologies. Recent studies have rediscovered ...
https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/projects/nanoshell-sensors-for-cellular-analysis
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Diphasic Postsynaptic Potential: A Chemical Synapse Capable of Mediating Conjoint Excitation and Inhibition | ScienceDiphasic Postsynaptic Potential: A Chemical Synapse Capable of Mediating Conjoint Excitation and Inhibition | Science
Two identified interneurons in each buccal ganglion of Aplysia can mediate conjoined excitation and inhibition to a single follower cell. A single presynaptic action potential in one of these interneurons produces a diphasic, depolarizing-hyperpolarizing synaptic potential apparently as a result of a single transmitter acting on two types of postsynaptic receptors in the follower cell. These receptors produce synaptic potentials with differing reversal potentials, ionic conductances, time courses, rates of decrement with repetition, pharmacological properties, and functional consequences. The excitatory receptor controls a sodium conductance, the inhibitory receptor controls a chloride conductance. Both components of the synaptic potentials can be produced by iontophoretic application of acetylcholine on the cell body of the follower cell, and each component is differentially sensitive to different cholinergic blocking agents. ...
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/176/4035/675
Molecular biological approaches to the relationship between short-term and long-term memory in Aplysia | Biochemical Society...Molecular biological approaches to the relationship between short-term and long-term memory in Aplysia | Biochemical Society...
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Biochemical Society Transactions.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...
http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/15/1/125
Items where Author is Kurokawa, M. - Repository of the Academys LibraryItems where Author is Kurokawa, M. - Repository of the Academys Library
Kurokawa, M. and Kasuya, Y. and Okamoto, T. (2012) Origin of automaticity and neural regulation of peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract of Aplysia and Lymnaea. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 63 (Supple). pp. 202-205. ISSN 0236-5383 Kurokawa, M. and Ito, S. and Okamoto, T. (2008) Activities and functions of peripheral neurons in the enteric nervous system of Aplysia and Lymnaea. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 59 (Supple). pp. 65-71. ISSN 0236-5383 ...
http://real.mtak.hu/view/creators/Kurokawa=3AM=2E=3A=3A.html
Neuronal Expression of Reporter Genes in the Intact Nervous System of AplysiaNeuronal Expression of Reporter Genes in the Intact Nervous System of Aplysia
COPYRIGHT (C) 2016 KISTI. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.. 대전광역시 유성구 대학로 245 한국과학기술정보연구원TEL : 042.869.1234 서울시 동대문구 회기로 66NDSL고객센터 : 080.969.4114E-mail : [email protected] ...
http://www.ndsl.kr/ndsl/search/detail/article/articleSearchResultDetail.do?cn=NART00444590
Remediated Sequence - 2Y7Y: APLYSIA CALIFORNICA ACHBP IN APO STATE Sequence Report PageRemediated Sequence - 2Y7Y: APLYSIA CALIFORNICA ACHBP IN APO STATE Sequence Report Page
2Y7Y: Use of Acetylcholine Binding Protein in the Search for Novel Alpha7 Nicotinic Receptor Ligands. In Silico Docking, Pharmacological Screening, and X-Ray Analysis.
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/remediatedSequence.do?structureId=2Y7Y
RCSB PDB - 2XYS: Crystal structure of Aplysia californica AChBP in complex with strychnine Macromolecule Annotations...RCSB PDB - 2XYS: Crystal structure of Aplysia californica AChBP in complex with strychnine Macromolecule Annotations...
2XYS: A Structural and Mutagenic Blueprint for Molecular Recognition of Strychnine and D-Tubocurarine by Different Cys-Loop Receptors.
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/derivedData.do?structureId=2XYS
Dr. Dan Ohtan WANG ｜ K-CONNEX The Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in ResearchDr. Dan Ohtan WANG ｜ K-CONNEX The Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in Research
The brain is a plastic organ that can undergo many changes. When neurons in the brain receive repetitive stimuli, new synapses are formed, and the efficiency of information transfer changes. In other words, synapse formation is a construction site of learning. We wish to explore what kinds of molecules are at work here. Past studies have shown that the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of a neurotransmitter protein called sensorin are not retained near the nucleus but are transported to the synaptic terminal where they are condensed and translated into protein when the neuron receives an input stimulus. It was confirmed that no synapse formation occurred when sensorin translation was inhibited. This shows that the transport of sensorin mRNA to the synaptic terminal and its translation there are essential for synapse formation.. Now that we have identified a key molecule , new questions arise. How are the mRNAs transported over such a long distance from the nucleus to the synaptic terminal? How is the ...
http://k-connex.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/researcher/dan-ohtan-wang
Using simple forms can improve stroke careUsing simple forms can improve stroke care
The miniaturization of the current technology of storage media is hindered by fundamental limits of quantum mechanics. A new approach consists in using so-called spin-crossover molecules as the smallest possible storage unit. Similar to normal hard drives, these special molecules can save information via their magnetic state. A research team from Kiel University has now managed to successfully place a new class of spin-crossover molecules onto a surface and to improve the molecules storage capacity. The storage density of conventional hard drives could therefore theoretically be increased by more than one hundred fold. The study has been published in the scientific journal Nano Letters. ...
http://www.innovations-report.com/hrml/reports/studies/report-47594.html
Intracellular StainingIntracellular Staining
Detection of intracellular antigens by flow cytometry poses unique challenges due to the requirement to access the internal epitope of interest. Usually this means employing some type of cross-linking fixative followed by permeabilization using detergent or alcohol. Reagents can be prepared and tested in-house, or alternately, there are numerous commercial preparations available for the cell fix/perm. Any given test system should be evaluated for optimal performance using appropriate controls (see Technical Considerations). Attached is an example of an optimized test system for detection of intracellular antigen using a formaldehyde/methanol fixation and permeabilization combination.. For a complete review of intracellular antigen protocol considerations, see Jacobberger, JW: Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular epitopes. In: Immunophenotyping, eds. Stewart CC and Nicholson JKA, Cytometric Cellular Analysis Series, series eds. Robinson JP and Babcock G, pp. 361-405, 2000.. Technical ...
http://rhlccflow.facilities.northwestern.edu/protocols/intracellular-staining/
Session: #44 - Mems and Biosensors I (15D12)Session: #44 - Mems and Biosensors I (15D12)
This session will highlight novel approaches utilizing microfabricated systems for molecular and cellular analyses. Applications of microsystems in biosensing, sample handling, cell cultivation and cell manipulation will be presented ...
https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2008/techprogram/S5494.HTM
SterilizationSterilization
Reeds meer dan 50 jaar staat Analis in voor de levering en het onderhoud van labapparatuur voor lifesciences. Ons bedrijf is hierdoor betrokken bij farmaceutische en biotechbedrijven (van research tot productie), alsook de voedings- en landbouwindustrie. Wij willen genetic, proteomics en cellular analysis researchers hierbij de geschikte apparatuur en tools aanbieden. ...
http://www.analis.be/bin/site/render.cgi?id=0064211_choice
Flow Cytometry Facility<...Flow Cytometry Facility<...
RadBioPhys Lab routinely performs cellular analysis (DNA content, Cell death assay, Proliferation Assay) and immunophenotype assays (from 2 to 8 colors analysis).. For more information and specific collaboration requests: [email protected] or +39 0382 987644. ...
http://radbiophys.unipv.eu/index.php/flow-cytometry-facility/
myomodulin | Semantic Scholarmyomodulin | Semantic Scholar
The myomodulin family of neuropeptides is an important group of neural cotransmitters in molluscs and is known to be present in… Expand ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/myomodulin/393189
Slug radula, SEM - Stock Image C020/8738 - Science Photo LibrarySlug radula, SEM - Stock Image C020/8738 - Science Photo Library
Slug radula. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the radula from a red slug (Arion rufus). The radula is a tongue-like organ found in most molluscs. It is studded with rows of horny teeth (grey), which are used to rasp food particles from surfaces. Magnification: x660 when printed at 10 centimetres wide. - Stock Image C020/8738
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/592617/view
Habituation in Animals: Definition & Example - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.comHabituation in Animals: Definition & Example - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com
Habituation is a simple form of learning that all animals, including people, are capable of. In this lesson, you will learn what it is, how it...
https://study.com/academy/lesson/habituation-in-animals-definition-example-quiz.html
A k-space method for coupled first-order acoustic propagation equations.A k-space method for coupled first-order acoustic propagation equations.
A k-space method for large-scale simulation of ultrasonic pulse propagation is presented. The present method, which solves the coupled first-order differential equations for wave propagation in inhomogeneous media, is derived in a simple form analogo
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/k-space-method-coupled-first/11831824.html
Introduction to Biology - Molecules and Cells - Cellular RespirationIntroduction to Biology - Molecules and Cells - Cellular Respiration
The basic processes of life were first developed in prokaryotes - they were the first photosynthesizers, the first aerobes. They spread across the globe, but they were limited. Prokaryotes can be found in simple colonies, and different species can work cooperatively together, but they cant do the complex jobs that eukaryotes can. Particularly, they cant form multicellular systems.. Its unclear when eukaryotes, with their specialized chambers, evolved, or when they added to those chambers by taking in specialized prokaryotes and using them (the endosymbiont theory), but most evidence indicates that even eukaryote life stayed pretty simple for a very long time. Plants formed simple algae sheets and mats; animals stayed small and soft; neither left much in the way of fossils. The Earths oceans were apparently a stable ecosystem for a very long time. Life might have stabilized in those simple forms.... Then it all froze.. The Snowball Period was the worst ice age ever - even the tropical oceans ...
https://www.profmcdarby.com/MoleculesandCellsBook/09-CellularRespiration.htm
Forms, Fees and Schedules | Forney, TX - Official WebsiteForms, Fees and Schedules | Forney, TX - Official Website
Have you completed your Board of Adjustments, plat, site plan, or zoning application? Complete the next step in the process by submitting it to the Community Development Department. To do this, please complete the simple form below and attach the corresponding application, along with any other necessary documents ...
http://cityofforney.org/642/Forms-Fees-and-Schedules
Points OwnershipPoints Ownership
If you answered yes to any of these questions, our programs may benefit to you. Submit the simple form below, or for additional information, please contact us or call 877-386-7276 today!. ...
http://endlessresortoptions.com/points-ownership/
Swap Shop Exchange | NY LizardsSwap Shop Exchange | NY Lizards
Add your own listing by clicking the Add New Item button at the top of the page. This will bring up a simple form where you can enter information about your item and even an optional photo. After submitting the form, you will receive an e-mail with a key number you use to confirm your listing. Once confirmed, your item will be immediately added to the exchange. Its that simple and theres no waiting. To make a change or delete the item after its sold: Click the Edit - or Delete - buttons that will appear next to your item. Note that these buttons will only appear next to items youve submitted and only when using your computer. No one else (except the web master) can edit or delete your submissions. Also note however, that submissions deemed to be inappropriate for this web site will be immediately removed. ...
https://leagueathletics.com/Exchange.asp?org=JUNIOR-LIZARDS.COM
YOLY Challenge #5 : Breathe Ujjayi - Yoga PostsYOLY Challenge #5 : Breathe Ujjayi - Yoga Posts
Your YOLY challenge this week is to incorporate a simple form of pranayama or breath control into your daily practice. The technique is called Ujjayi Breathing. On YOLY Week #1, I challenged you to take 5 minutes each day to just breathe. If you took this first step, you had the chance to follow your breath and…
https://yogaposts.com/2016/06/27/yoly-challenge-5-ujjayi-breathing/
Tadapox Is Reproducing Fact for Impotency SufferersTadapox Is Reproducing Fact for Impotency Sufferers
Tadapox is the simple form of treatment for ED men it is for sure but truly very complicated to ED or impotency trouble as it treats it with dual active parts.
http://www.samrx.com/tadapox-is-reproducing-fact-for-impotency-sufferers.aspx
RA.H : Time - 12 - MORPHINE RECORDS - Forced ExposureRA.H : Time - 12 - MORPHINE RECORDS - Forced Exposure
Spaced-out new material from Morphines Ra.H -- coming with a new edge but in a recognizable style. The EP is a powerful mix of dub roots, jacking beats, vocal rings, retro drum machine presets and effects used in strong but simple form. Moving into Wave territory at times with a firm nod towards the Upsetter, Scratch... time is one thing. Space is another. ...
https://www.forcedexposure.com/Product.aspx?CatalogNo=ra-h-time-12-/DOSER.009EP
Graduation Brain Cell (Neuron)Graduation Brain Cell (Neuron)
Congratulate your graduates! Celebrate graduation with our signature Brain Cell plush donning a graduation cap and tassel!|br||br|Product comes with a suction cup for hanging on room and car windows.
https://www.giantmicrobes.com/us/products/braincell-grad.html
MIND POWER: Neuron SynapseMIND POWER: Neuron Synapse
Dear Students, Here is a letter from the heart of your Psych Teacher. As you all are in the final touch of your IB journey. One more batt ...
http://childrenpsyche.blogspot.com/2011/02/neuron-synapse.html
MIND POWER: Neuron SynapseMIND POWER: Neuron Synapse
Dear Students, Here is a letter from the heart of your Psych Teacher. As you all are in the final touch of your IB journey. One more batt ...
http://childrenpsyche.blogspot.com/2011/03/neuron-synapse.html
Siphon urine waste Ø40-32 mm | SeparettSiphon urine waste Ø40-32 mm | Separett
We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.Ok ...
http://www.separett.com/products/accessories/siphon-urine-waste-o40-32-mm/
Facilitation of Strategic Issues - Strategic Issue Facilitation - Kepner-TregoeFacilitation of Strategic Issues - Strategic Issue Facilitation - Kepner-Tregoe
Facilitation of strategic issues requires strong logical processes that help solve problems. Kepner-Tregoe provides strategic issue facilitation leadership consulting
https://www.kepner-tregoe.com/consulting-services/strategy-formulation-and-implementation/facilitation-of-strategic-issues/
How to Fill a Punching Bag: 12 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHowHow to Fill a Punching Bag: 12 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow
How to Fill a Punching Bag. Buying an empty punching bag is often cheaper than getting one thats already been filled. Plus, it gives you more control over how heavy and dense your punching bag is since you get to fill it yourself. Filling...
https://www.wikihow.com/Fill-a-Punching-Bag
IKEA PS 2017 Sleeping bag - IKEAIKEA PS 2017 Sleeping bag - IKEA
IKEA - IKEA PS 2017, Sleeping bag, Two sleeping bags can be attached together with the zippers to form a double sleeping bag.You get a dry and comfortable sleeping
http://www.ikea.com/jp/en/catalog/products/90339266/
Two-hybrid screeningTwo-hybrid screening
Aplysia californica[edit]. The sea hare A californica is a model organism in neurobiology to study among others the molecular ... "Using an aplysia two-hybrid system to examine the interactions between transcription factors involved in long-term ... facilitation in the nervous system of aplysia". Learning & Memory. 10 (1): 40-3. doi:10.1101/lm.55303. PMC 196654. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-hybrid_screening
Pain in invertebratesPain in invertebrates
Aplysia[edit]. To examine the gill and siphon withdrawal response to a putatively painful stimulus, Aplysia were tested in ... In studies on learning and the Aplysia gill and siphon withdrawal reflex, Aplysia received an electric shock on the siphon each ... There have been numerous studies of learning and memory using nociceptors in the sea hare, Aplysia.[18][19][20] Many of these ... When a tactile stimulus is applied to the skin of Aplysia californica, the animal withdraws the siphon and gill between the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_in_invertebrates
California sea hareCalifornia sea hare
The California sea hare, scientific name Aplysia californica, is a species of sea slug in the sea hare family, Aplysiidae.[1] ... a b c Kandel, Eric Behavioral biology of Aplysia. W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco. ... Adult animals can weigh up to 7 kg (15 lb).[4] A closely related species, Aplysia vaccaria, the black sea hare, can grow to be ... Aplysia californica has become a valuable laboratory animal, used in studies of the neurobiology of learning and memory, and is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_sea_slug
GlobinGlobin
Bolognesi, M; Onesti, S; Gatti, G; Coda, A; Ascenzi, P; Brunori, M (1989). "Aplysia limacina myoglobin. Crystallographic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globin
Dwarf sea hareDwarf sea hare
"The little Aplysia coming of age: from one species to a complex of species complexes in Aplysia parvula (Mollusca: Gastropoda: ... Aplysia parvula was long seen as a circumtropical sea hare species, but Golestani et al. (2019) restricted the name A. parvula ... The dwarf sea hare or pygmy sea hare, Aplysia parvula, is a species of sea hare, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family ... The type locality of Aplysia parvula is Saint Vincent, Lesser Antilles. The dwarf sea hare is round-bodied and smooth-skinned ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_sea_hare
RhinophoreRhinophore
Candidate chemoreceptor subfamilies differentially expressed in the chemosensory organs of the mollusc Aplysia. BMC Biology ... In Aplysia californica, the oral tentacles, which are situated in a more ventral position, are possibly involved in contact ... In reproductively mature Aplysia adults the rhinophore is about 1 cm in length.[1] The neuroanatomical organization includes a ... In the sea hare Aplysia californica, the rhinophores are able to detect pheromones.[1] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinophore
AnaspideaAnaspidea
Sea hare Aplysia dactylomela Aplysia dactylomela showing mouth Fischer, P. (1883). Manuel de conchyliologie et de paléontologie ... The biggest species, Aplysia vaccaria, can reach a length of 75 centimetres (30 in) and a weight of 14 kilograms (31 lb) and is ... Research surrounding the aplysia gill and siphon withdrawal reflex may be of particular interest with respect to this. Sea ... In Hawaii, sea hares or kualakai are typically cooked in an imu wrapped in ti leaves.[citation needed] Aplysia californica is a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaspidea
California sea hareCalifornia sea hare
VI, p. 1-596 Aplysia californica from the Sea Slug Forum Kandel, Eric Behavioral biology of Aplysia. W.H. Freeman and Co., San ... Aplysia are known to form mating chains with up to 20 animals. The eggs are yellow-green, and change after 8 to 9 days into a ... Aplysia has a generation time of 19 weeks: Day 1-37 after hatching from the egg planktonic stage, day 34-37 Metamorphic stage, ... Aplysia resembles the food it grazes on and cannot be distinguished easily from the seaweed unless the animal is moving. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_sea_hare
JacSue KehoeJacSue Kehoe
In 1964 Kehoe moved to Paris to continue her work on Aplysia at the Institut Marey. She began experimenting to identify the ... This was unusual, as the Aplysia response she was researching was cholinergic and was not expected to change with the addition ... In a nearby lab Felix Strumwasser was using neurons from Aplysia Californica, a species of sea slug, to study circadian rhythms ... She spent decades working with the neurons of Aplysia californica, studying post-synaptic nerve response. She discovered that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JacSue_Kehoe
Cristina AlberiniCristina Alberini
Aplysia californica, a type of sea slug). Her early work involved investigations into the impact of the insulin-like growth ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristina_Alberini
Synaptic plasticitySynaptic plasticity
Hawkins RD, Kandel ER, Bailey CH (June 2006). "Molecular mechanisms of memory storage in Aplysia". The Biological Bulletin. 210 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_plasticity
OptogeneticsOptogenetics
Fork RL (March 1971). "Laser stimulation of nerve cells in Aplysia". Science. 171 (3974): 907-8. Bibcode:1971Sci...171..907F. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optogenetics
De novo protein synthesis theory of memory formationDe novo protein synthesis theory of memory formation
Eric Kandel established many of the biochemical markers of learning and memory in the Aplysia (California sea slug) in the ... Hawkins, R. D., Kandel, E. R., & Bailey, C. H. (2006). Molecular mechanisms of memory storage in aplysia. biological bulletin, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_novo_protein_synthesis_theory_of_memory_formation
KCNK4KCNK4
Vandorpe DH, Morris CE (1992). "Stretch activation of the Aplysia S-channel". The Journal of Membrane Biology. 127 (3): 205-214 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCNK4
AplysioviolinAplysioviolin
... is a metabolic product of Aplysia californica species of sea hare, and is a major component to its ink mixture. ... Aplysioviolin is known to be the major chemodeterrent compound in Aplysia but it is not the only one; both opaline and ... Aplysioviolin is a purple-colored molecule secreted by sea hares of the genera Aplysia and Dolabella to deter predators. ... ISBN 978-3-642-80768-8. Rüdiger, Wolfhart (February 1967). "On the defensive dyes in Aplysia species. I. Aplysioviolin, a new ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplysioviolin
Theta modelTheta model
Parabolic bursting has been studied most extensively in the R15 neuron, which is one of six types of neurons of the Aplysia ... The Aplysia abdominal ganglion was studied and extensively characterized because its relatively large neurons and proximity of ... Adams, W. & J. A. Benson (1985). "The Generation and Modulation of Endogenous Rhythmicity in the Aplysia Bursting Pacemaker ... Faber D, Klee M (1972). "Membrane Characteristics of Bursting Pacemaker Neurons in Aplysia". Nature New Biology. 240 (96): 29- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta_model
PhagomimicryPhagomimicry
Brunelli, M.; Castellucci, V.; Kandel, E. R. (1976). "Synaptic Facilitation and Behavioral Sensitization in Aplysia: Possible ... Prince, Jeffrey S. (2007-05-01). "Opaline gland ultrastructure in Aplysia californica (Gastropoda: Anaspidea)". Journal of ... a Bactericidal Agent in the Ink Secretion of the Sea Hare Aplysia californica: Rapid and Long-Lasting DNA Condensation and ... Aplysia californica, against spiny lobsters, Panulirus interruptus". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 193 (12): 1195-1204. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagomimicry
Angélique ArvanitakiAngélique Arvanitaki
Strumwasser, F. The cellular basis of behavior in aplysia. Pergamon Press. Arvanitaki, A; Chalazonitis, N. (1955). "Les ... the sea hare Aplysia and the land snail Helix. She developed the concept of ganglion preparation of large identifiable nerves. ... Chalazonitis both explored the methodology of electrophysiological activity of the nervous system of the sea hare genus Aplysia ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angélique_Arvanitaki
Marina PicciottoMarina Picciotto
Schaefer, M.; Picciotto, M. R.; Kreiner, T.; Kaldany, R. R.; Taussig, R.; Scheller, R. H. (1 June 1985). "Aplysia neurons ... "Aplysia neurons express a gene encoding multiple FMRFamide neuropeptides". Cell. 41 (2): 457-461. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(85) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Picciotto
Major sperm proteinMajor sperm protein
One of the homologues is VAP33 from Aplysia californica. VAP33 is a protein required for neurotransmitter release, which binds ... Skehel PA, Martin KC, Kandel ER, Bartsch D (September 1995). "A VAMP-binding protein from Aplysia required for neurotransmitter ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_sperm_protein
Calcium channel blockerCalcium channel blocker
in the aplysia confirm inhibition of VGCC by ethanol. Voltage clamp recordings have been done on the aplysia neuron. VGCCs were ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker
VAP protein familyVAP protein family
Skehel PA, Martin KC, Kandel ER, Bartsch D (September 1995). "A VAMP-binding protein from Aplysia required for neurotransmitter ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAP_protein_family
HabituationHabituation
The changes in synaptic transmission that occur during habituation have been well-characterized in the Aplysia gill and siphon ... habituation of neurotransmitter release from in vitro Aplysia sensory neurons). The broad ubiquity of habituation across all ... "Habituation and Dishabituation of the Gill-Withdrawal Reflex in Aplysia". Science. 167 (3926): 1740-1742. doi:10.1126/science. ... Psychology portal Adaptive system Aplysia Consumer demand tests (animals) Desensitization (psychology) Hedonic adaptation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habituation
William MacnaeWilliam Macnae
Macnae, W. (1955). On four species of the genus Aplysia common in South Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum 13 (2): 223-241. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Macnae
Long-term potentiationLong-term potentiation
Studies of LTP in the marine snail Aplysia californica have implicated synaptic tagging as a mechanism for the input- ... and associates were some of the first researchers to discover long-term potentiation during their work with sea slug Aplysia. ... long-term facilitation of aplysia sensory to motor synapses: a function for local protein synthesis in memory storage". Cell. ... "Heterosynaptic facilitation in neurones of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia depilans". The Journal of Physiology. 181 (1): 1- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_potentiation
AmyloidAmyloid
Si K, Lindquist S, Kandel ER (December 2003). "A neuronal isoform of the aplysia CPEB has prion-like properties". Cell. 115 (7 ... Prion HET-s from Podospora anserina Neuron-specific isoform of CPEB from Aplysia californica (marine snail) Amyloids are formed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloid
Kaang Bong-kiunKaang Bong-kiun
This technology opened up a new era of molecular studies on the memory mechanisms in Aplysia, as well as of functional studies ... Lee YS, Bailey CH, Kandel ER, Kaang BK (2008). "Transcriptional regulation of long-term memory in the marine snail Aplysia". ... He investigated the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory using a simple animal, the marine snail Aplysia. Under the ... In parallel with these studies in Aplysia, Kaang has expanded his research field to more complex mammalian models. Combining ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaang_Bong-kiun
Fear conditioningFear conditioning
Walters, E. T.; Carew, T. J.; Kandel, E. R. (1981-01-30). "Associative Learning in Aplysia: evidence for conditioned fear in an ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_conditioning
CPEBCPEB
Experiments with the Aplysia isoform expressed in yeast reveal that CPEB has a key property associated with prions: it can ... An isoform of CPEB found in the neurons of the sea slug Aplysia californica, as well as in Drosophila, mice, and humans, ... Si, K; Lindquist, S; Kandel, ER (2003). "A Neuronal Isoform of the Aplysia CPEB Has Prion-Like Properties". Cell. 115 (7): 879- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPEB
Aplysia - WikipediaAplysia - Wikipedia
Aplysia guttata Sars M., 1840 synonym of Aplysia punctata (Cuvier, 1803) Aplysia hamiltoni Kirk, 1882: synonym of Aplysia ... Aplysia poikilia Bergh, 1908: synonym of Aplysia maculata Rang, 1828 Aplysia protea Rang, 1828: synonym of Aplysia dactylomela ... synonym of Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828 Aplysia sibogae Bergh, 1905: synonym of Aplysia juliana Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 Aplysia ... synonym of Aplysia maculata Rang, 1828 Aplysia tigrinella Gray, 1850: synonym of Aplysia maculata Rang, 1828 Aplysia velifer ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplysia
Aplysia argus - WikipediaAplysia argus - Wikipedia
Aplysia argus is a species of gastropod mollusc in the genus Aplysia, native to the Indo-Pacific region. This species has long ... Aplysia dactylomela ". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). " Aplysia argus ". Universal Biological Indexer ... but genetic studies have shown that those found in the Indo-Pacific are indeed a distinct species Aplysia argus. Rüppell & ... been confused with Aplysia dactylomela (living in the Atlantic Ocean) because they are morphologically very similar, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplysia_argus
Aplysia | gastropod genus | Britannica.comAplysia | gastropod genus | Britannica.com
Aplysia; a gastropod of the subclass Opisthobranchia) distract and confuse the predator and conceal the prey. Camouflage or ... Other articles where Aplysia is discussed: mollusk: Features of defense: …from the sea hare ( ... example, in the sea snail Aplysia-has confirmed that habituation need not depend on changes in the activity of sensory or motor ... Besides the algae-sucking sacoglossans, Aplysia cuts up strips of seaweed for swallowing, and a number of the more primitive ...
https://www.britannica.com/animal/Aplysia
Aplysia Neurons [image] | EurekAlert! Science NewsAplysia Neurons [image] | EurekAlert! Science News
Two Aplysia sensory neurons with synaptic contacts on the same motor neuron in culture after isolation from the nervous system ... of Aplysia. The motor neuron has been injected with a fluorescent molecule that blocks the activity of a specific Protein ... Two Aplysia sensory neurons with synaptic contacts on the same motor neuron in culture after isolation from the nervous system ... of Aplysia. The motor neuron has been injected with a fluorescent molecule that blocks the activity of a specific Protein ...
https://eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/143592.php?from=362691
Serotonin immunoreactivity of neurons in the gastropod Aplysia californica. - PubMed - NCBISerotonin immunoreactivity of neurons in the gastropod Aplysia californica. - PubMed - NCBI
Serotonergic neurons and axons were mapped in the central ganglia of Aplysia californica using antiserotonin antibody on intact ... Serotonin immunoreactivity of neurons in the gastropod Aplysia californica.. Longley RD, Longley AJ. ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3018150?dopt=Abstract
Interganglionic axonal transport of neuropeptides in Aplysia | Journal of NeuroscienceInterganglionic axonal transport of neuropeptides in Aplysia | Journal of Neuroscience
Interganglionic axonal transport of neuropeptides in Aplysia. PE Lloyd. Journal of Neuroscience 1 September 1989, 9 (9) 3243- ... Interganglionic axonal transport of neuropeptides in Aplysia Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ... Each of these peptides has been shown to be physiologically active in Aplysia. In addition to these previously characterized ... The transport of neuropeptides between central ganglia was studied in Aplysia. Peptide transport was determined by incubating ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/9/9/3243
Tumorigenic activity of rho genes from Aplysia californicaTumorigenic activity of rho genes from Aplysia californica
... Oncogene. 1993 May;8(5):1285-92. ... We have investigated the putative role of rho proteins from Aplysia californica as transforming GTPases utilizing the wild-type ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8479750/?dopt=Abstract
H1 and H2 Histamine Receptors on Aplysia Neurons.H1 and H2 Histamine Receptors on 'Aplysia' Neurons.
There are very sensitive and specific histamine receptors on some Aplysia neurons which mediate either depolarizing or ... Abstract : There are very sensitive and specific histamine receptors on some Aplysia neurons which mediate either depolarizing ... Descriptors : *HISTAMINE , *NEUROCHEMICAL TRANSMISSION , PHYSIOLOGY , NERVES , PHARMACOLOGY , CHEMORECEPTORS , APLYSIA , ...
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA020868
The Sea Slug Forum - Aplysia dactylomelaThe Sea Slug Forum - Aplysia dactylomela
I can see many aplydact.htm Aplysia dactylomela photos on the Forum, but no any one of its egg-mass. I was expected it to be ... Information on Aplysia diet. From: Ana Karina Yepes, February 6, 2003 * Aplysia dactylomela from Lord Howe Island. From: W.B. ... Re: Aplysia from South Africa. From: Richard Willan, January 17, 2001 * More photos of possible Aplysia oculifera. From: Valda ... Aplysia dactylomela from Rhodes, Greece. From: Adam Gill, July 1, 2008 * Re: Aplysia dactylomela from the Canary Islands. From ...
http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/12375
RCSB PDB - 1KOB: TWITCHIN KINASE FRAGMENT (APLYSIA), AUTOREGULATED PROTEIN KINASE DOMAINRCSB PDB - 1KOB: TWITCHIN KINASE FRAGMENT (APLYSIA), AUTOREGULATED PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN
TWITCHIN KINASE FRAGMENT (APLYSIA), AUTOREGULATED PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb1KOB/pdb ... We report the crystal structures of two autoinhibited twitchin kinase fragments, one from Aplysia and a larger fragment from ... We report the crystal structures of two autoinhibited twitchin kinase fragments, one from Aplysia and a larger ... ...
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1kob
Aplysia R15 neuron - ScholarpediaAplysia R15 neuron - Scholarpedia
Aplysia, Bursting, Routes into bursting, Neuromodulation, Plant model, Phase response curve, Multi-stability in neuronal models ... "Aplysia R15 neuron" by Fred H. Sieling and Robert Butera is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ... The Aplysia Genome Project may reveal the genetic identities of ion channels that sum or combine to form previously described ... Kandel and his colleagues named many of the visually identifiable neurons in the ganglia of Aplysia and mapped out many of ...
http://scholarpedia.org/article/Aplysia_R15_neuron
Intrinsic Electrophysiological Regulation of Firing Patterns of Bursting Neurons in Aplysia | SpringerLinkIntrinsic Electrophysiological Regulation of Firing Patterns of Bursting Neurons in Aplysia | SpringerLink
Zucker R.S. (1988) Intrinsic Electrophysiological Regulation of Firing Patterns of Bursting Neurons in Aplysia. In: Pickering B ...
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-5502-1_25
Remediated Sequence - 2Y7Y: APLYSIA CALIFORNICA ACHBP IN APO STATE Sequence Report PageRemediated Sequence - 2Y7Y: APLYSIA CALIFORNICA ACHBP IN APO STATE Sequence Report Page
2Y7Y: Use of Acetylcholine Binding Protein in the Search for Novel Alpha7 Nicotinic Receptor Ligands. In Silico Docking, Pharmacological Screening, and X-Ray Analysis.
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/remediatedSequence.do?structureId=2Y7Y
Peptidergic modulation of neuronal circuitry controlling feeding in Aplysia | Journal of NeurosciencePeptidergic modulation of neuronal circuitry controlling feeding in Aplysia | Journal of Neuroscience
Peptidergic modulation of neuronal circuitry controlling feeding in Aplysia Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to ... Peptidergic modulation of neuronal circuitry controlling feeding in Aplysia. WS Sossin, MD Kirk and RH Scheller ... involved in the control of feeding behavior in Aplysia californica. The application of egg-laying hormone (ELH), small ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/7/3/671
Recent Articles | Aplysia And Cell & Molecular Biology | The Scientist Magazine®Recent Articles | Aplysia And Cell & Molecular Biology | The Scientist Magazine®
The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory researchers work will help predict how the Arctic is responding to climate change-and the global effects of those changes.. 0 Comments. ...
https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.list/categoryNo/2625/category/The-Scientist/tagNo/1097,4/tags/Aplysia,cell--amp--molecular-biology/
Whole-transcriptome changes in gene expression accompany aging of sensory neurons in Aplysia californica | SpringerLinkWhole-transcriptome changes in gene expression accompany aging of sensory neurons in Aplysia californica | SpringerLink
Aplysia californica (Aplysia), the California sea hare, is a marine mollusk that has been used extensively in research ... Serotonin-and training-induced dynamic regulation of CREB2 in Aplysia. Learn Mem. 2011;18(4):245-9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral ... Decreased response to acetylcholine during aging of aplysia neuron R15. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e84793.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral ... Changes in D-aspartate ion currents in the Aplysia nervous system with aging. Brain Res. 2010;1343:28-36.CrossRefPubMed ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186%2Fs12864-018-4909-1
Facilitatory and inhibitory transmitters modulate spontaneous transmitter release at cultured Aplysia sensorimotor synapses. -...Facilitatory and inhibitory transmitters modulate spontaneous transmitter release at cultured Aplysia sensorimotor synapses. -...
Facilitatory and inhibitory transmitters modulate spontaneous transmitter release at cultured Aplysia sensorimotor synapses.. ... can modulate the frequency of spontaneous transmitter release at synapses formed between dissociated Aplysia sensory neurones ... to contribute to presynaptic facilitation and inhibition of the sensorimotor synapse in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia, ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1971854?dopt=Abstract
PLOS ONE: Urotensin II in Invertebrates: From Structure to Function in Aplysia californicaPLOS ONE: Urotensin II in Invertebrates: From Structure to Function in Aplysia californica
... the marine mollusk Aplysia californica. The presence of UII in the central nervous system (CNS) of Aplysia implies a more ... we named Aplysia urotensin II (apUII), with a sequence and structural similarity to vertebrate UII. With in-situ hybridization ... Urotensin II in Invertebrates: From Structure to Function in Aplysia californica. Figure 2. Distribution of apUII positive ...
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0048764.g002
Cyclic AMP induces a voltage-dependent current in neurons of Aplysia californica (Book, 1981) [WorldCat.org]Cyclic AMP induces a voltage-dependent current in neurons of Aplysia californica (Book, 1981) [WorldCat.org]
Cyclic AMP induces a voltage-dependent current in neurons of Aplysia californica. [T C Pellmar; David O Carpenter; Armed Forces ... Cyclic AMP induces a voltage-dependent current in neurons of Aplysia californica. Author:. T C Pellmar; David O Carpenter; ... schema:name "Cyclic AMP induces a voltage-dependent current in neurons of Aplysia californica"@en ;. schema:productID "15176943 ... Add tags for "Cyclic AMP induces a voltage-dependent current in neurons of Aplysia californica". Be the first. ...
https://www.worldcat.org/title/cyclic-amp-induces-a-voltage-dependent-current-in-neurons-of-aplysia-californica/oclc/15176943
WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Aplysia Linnaeus, 1767WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Aplysia Linnaeus, 1767
Species Aplysia depilans Gmelin, 1791. Species Aplysia dura Eales, 1960. Species Aplysia euchlora Gray, 1850. Species Aplysia ... Species Aplysia keraudreni Rang, 1828. Species Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937. Species Aplysia maculata Rang, 1828. Species Aplysia ... Species Aplysia brongniartii Blainville, 1825 (nomen dubium). Subgenus Aplysia (Aplysia) Linnaeus, 1767 represented as Aplysia ... Species Aplysia parvula Mörch, 1863. Species Aplysia punctata (Cuvier, 1803). Species Aplysia rehderi Eales, 1960. Species ...
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137654
Abundant expression of ras proteins in Aplysia neurons. | JCBAbundant expression of ras proteins in Aplysia neurons. | JCB
Abundant expression of ras proteins in Aplysia neurons.. M E Swanson, A M Elste, S M Greenberg, J H Schwartz, T H Aldrich, M E ... Abundant expression of ras proteins in Aplysia neurons.. M E Swanson, A M Elste, S M Greenberg, J H Schwartz, T H Aldrich, M E ... The cloned locus, designated Apl-ras, is distinct from the Aplysia rho (ras-homologue) gene and appears to be more closely ... The large identified neurons of Aplysia offer the opportunity to examine how ras protein might function in mature nerve cells. ...
http://jcb.rupress.org/content/103/2/485
Mediation of Classical Conditioning in Aplysia californica by Long-Term Potentiation of Sensorimotor Synapses | ScienceMediation of Classical Conditioning in Aplysia californica by Long-Term Potentiation of Sensorimotor Synapses | Science
Thus, classical conditioning in Aplysia appears to be mediated, in part, by LTP due to activation of NMDA-related receptors. ... A cellular analog of classical conditioning inAplysia was used to determine whether this form of invertebrate learning involves ... Mediation of Classical Conditioning in Aplysia californica by Long-Term Potentiation of Sensorimotor Synapses ... Mediation of Classical Conditioning in Aplysia californica by Long-Term Potentiation of Sensorimotor Synapses ...
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/278/5337/467
Octopamine Receptors on Aplysia Neurons: Further Evidence for a Function of Octopamine as a Neurotransmitter.Octopamine Receptors on 'Aplysia' Neurons: Further Evidence for a Function of Octopamine as a Neurotransmitter.
Some neurons in Aplysia have receptors which are much more sensitive to octopamine than any other structurally related compound ... the octopamine content of whole ganglia and single neurons strongly suggest that octopamine is a neurotransmitter in Aplysia. ... Abstract : Some neurons in Aplysia have receptors which are much more sensitive to octopamine than any other structurally ... Title : Octopamine Receptors on Aplysia Neurons: Further Evidence for a Function of Octopamine as a Neurotransmitter. ...
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA013030
The kinematics of swallowing in the buccal mass of Aplysia californica. | Journal of Experimental BiologyThe kinematics of swallowing in the buccal mass of Aplysia californica. | Journal of Experimental Biology
The kinematics of swallowing in the buccal mass of Aplysia californica.. R F Drushel, D M Neustadter, L L Shallenberger, P E ... The kinematics of swallowing in the buccal mass of Aplysia californica.. R F Drushel, D M Neustadter, L L Shallenberger, P E ... The kinematics of swallowing in the buccal mass of Aplysia californica.. R F Drushel, D M Neustadter, L L Shallenberger, P E ... The kinematics of swallowing in the buccal mass of Aplysia californica. Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from ...
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/200/4/735
Aplysqualenols A and B: Squalene-Derived Polyethers with Antitumoral and Antiviral Activity from the Caribbean Sea Slug Aplysia...Aplysqualenols A and B: Squalene-Derived Polyethers with Antitumoral and Antiviral Activity from the Caribbean Sea Slug Aplysia...
The novel bromotriterpene polyethers aplysqualenol A (1) and B (2) have been isolated from the Caribbean sea slug Aplysia ... Squalene-Derived Polyethers with Antitumoral and Antiviral Activity from the Caribbean Sea Slug Aplysia dactylomela†‡. Authors ... Chemical Diversity and Biological Properties of Secondary Metabolites from Sea Hares of Aplysia Genus, Marine Drugs, 2016, 14, ... Squalene-Derived Polyethers with Antitumoral and Antiviral Activity from the Caribbean Sea Slug Aplysia dactylomela, ChemInform ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ejoc.200900775/abstract
Aplysia CPEB can form prion-like multimers in sensory neurons that contribute to long-term facilitationAplysia CPEB can form prion-like multimers in sensory neurons that contribute to long-term facilitation
Previously we found that a translation regulator CPEB from Aplysia, ApCPEB, that stabilizes activity-dependent changes in ... Aplysia CPEB can form prion-like multimers in sensory neurons that contribute to long-term facilitation Cell. 2010 Feb 5;140(3 ... Previously we found that a translation regulator CPEB from Aplysia, ApCPEB, that stabilizes activity-dependent changes in ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20144764/?dopt=Abstract
The enterins inhibit the contractile activity of the anterior aorta of Aplysia kurodai | Journal of Experimental BiologyThe enterins inhibit the contractile activity of the anterior aorta of Aplysia kurodai | Journal of Experimental Biology
The enterins inhibit gut motility of Aplysia, and also reduce excitability of some identified Aplysia neurons that are involved ... Aplysia kurodai Baba (80-300 g) were collected at the Hiroshima Bay and on the sea shore in Shimane during March to July (1999- ... Because Aplysia lacks a rigid skeleton, the blood vessels can easily be stretched and/or twisted during a change of posture or ... Dieringer, N., Koester, J. and Weiss, K. R. (1978). Adaptive changes in heart rate of Aplysia californica. J. Comp. Physiol. A ...
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/205/22/3525
Localization of Aplysia neurosecretory peptides to multiple populations of dense core vesicles. | JCBLocalization of Aplysia neurosecretory peptides to multiple populations of dense core vesicles. | JCB
Localization of Aplysia neurosecretory peptides to multiple populations of dense core vesicles.. T Kreiner, W Sossin, R H ... Many neurons in the mollusc Aplysia are identifiable and provide a useful model system for investigating the cellular ... Localization of Aplysia neurosecretory peptides to multiple populations of dense core vesicles. ... In this study we determined the subcellular localization of eight Aplysia neuropeptides using immunogold labeling techniques, ...
http://jcb.rupress.org/content/102/3/769
Bag Cell Control of Egg Laying in Freely Behaving Aplysia | ScienceBag Cell Control of Egg Laying in Freely Behaving Aplysia | Science
Bag Cell Control of Egg Laying in Freely Behaving Aplysia Message Subject. (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Science ... Neuroendocrine (bag cell) control of egg laying was studied in freely behaving Aplysia. Surgical lesions showed that bag cells ...
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/197/4302/490
Frontiers | Habituation in the Tail Withdrawal Reflex Circuit is Impaired During Aging in Aplysia californica | Frontiers in...Frontiers | Habituation in the Tail Withdrawal Reflex Circuit is Impaired During Aging in Aplysia californica | Frontiers in...
... that age-related changes in tail sensory and motor neurons result in deterioration of a simple form of learning in Aplysia. ... that age-related changes in tail sensory and motor neurons result in deterioration of a simple form of learning in Aplysia. ... Cohorts of Aplysia from the University of Miami National Resource for Aplysia were reared and used in experiments as described ... Age-related neural changes in Aplysia californica (Aplysia), such as declines in sensory and motoneuron excitability (Kempsell ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2016.00024/full
CalifornicaAged Aplysia neuronsMolluskNeuronMolluscDactylomelaKurodaiCell neuronsGanglionGenusPeptidesSynapticNeuropeptideCurrentsGanglia of Aplysia julianaNervous System of AplysiaCultured Aplysia bag cellSerotoninCentral gangliaSynapsesGenesRegarding behavioralBuccalProteinsMolecularReceptorBrasilianaPHYSIOLOGYGillInducesSpeciesMotor neuronsNeuroendocrine cellsInhibitorySynapseLocalizationLong-term sensitizationRhinophoreWithdrawalInvertebrateAcetylcholinesteraseCardioactive peptideAminoNonassociativeNeurotransmitterGigantea
Californica47
  • Following the lead of Eric R. Kandel, the genus has been studied as a model organism by neurobiologists, because its gill and siphon withdrawal reflex, as studied in Aplysia californica, is mediated by electrical synapses, which allow several neurons to fire synchronously. (wikipedia.org)
  • Serotonin immunoreactivity of neurons in the gastropod Aplysia californica. (nih.gov)
  • Serotonergic neurons and axons were mapped in the central ganglia of Aplysia californica using antiserotonin antibody on intact ganglia and on serial sections. (nih.gov)
  • We have investigated the putative role of rho proteins from Aplysia californica as transforming GTPases utilizing the wild-type and a Val-14 mutant, equivalent to the oncogenic Val-12 mutation of ras genes found in animal and human tumors. (nih.gov)
  • Neuron R15 , located in the abdominal ganglion of the gastropod mollusc Aplysia Californica , is the first intrinsically bursting neuron to receive extensive study using single cell electrophysiology techniques. (scholarpedia.org)
  • We examined the effects of 3 neuropeptides and the bioactive amine 5-HT on identified motoneurons (B15 and B16) and interneurons (B4, B5) involved in the control of feeding behavior in Aplysia californica. (jneurosci.org)
  • The marine mollusk Aplysia californica can be used to study transcriptional changes that occur with age in identified neurons of the brain, because its simplified nervous system allows for more direct correlations between molecular changes, physiological changes, and their phenotypic outcomes. (springer.com)
  • Aplysia californica (Aplysia), the California sea hare, is a marine mollusk that has been used extensively in research correlating physiological and behavioral declines with gene expression changes in neuronal circuits during aging [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], due to a less complex nervous system than vertebrates. (springer.com)
  • We have cloned a DNA fragment from the marine mollusc Aplysia californica, which contains sequences homologous to mammalian ras genes, by screening a genomic library with a viral Ha-ras oncogene probe under conditions of low stringency hybridization. (rupress.org)
  • The kinematics of swallowing in the buccal mass of Aplysia californica. (biologists.org)
  • In a marine mollusc Aplysia californica , the relationships between the behaviors and the cardiovascular regulation were studied in some detail. (biologists.org)
  • Age-related neural changes in Aplysia californica ( Aplysia ), such as declines in sensory and motoneuron excitability ( Kempsell and Fieber, 2014 , 2015b ) and failure to respond to second messengers ( Kempsell and Fieber, 2015a ), mirror hallmarks of aging in vertebrates, but are easily studied in this model organism. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we searched for natural antisense transcript for sensorin (NAT-SRN), a neuropeptide expressed in the presynaptic sensory neurons of gill-withdrawal reflex of the marine snail Aplysia californica . (frontiersin.org)
  • To investigate physiological mechanisms that regulate expression and subcellular distribution of NATs, we have explored the expression of a NAT transcribed against the mRNA encoding the peptide neurotransmitter sensorin and its physiological regulation in the sensory neurons (SN) of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica . (frontiersin.org)
  • Parietovisceral ganglia from Aplysia californica were incubated in medium containing leucine-3H. (caltech.edu)
  • Egg-laying hormone (ELH), a neuropeptide synthesized by the bag cell neurons, induces egg laying and its correlated behavior in Aplysia californica. (caltech.edu)
  • Expression of the Aplysia californica rho gene in Escherichia coli: purification and characterization of its encoded p21 product. (asm.org)
  • We expressed the Aplysia californica rho gene in Escherichia coli and purified its p21 protein to more than 90% purity. (asm.org)
  • The defensive withdrawal reflex of the mantle organs (gill, siphon, and mantle shelf) of the marine mollusc Aplysia californica has been the subject of numerous studies investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of learning. (ovid.com)
  • We are addressing this question by tracking the transcriptional changes that accompany learning and then forgetting of a long-term sensitization memory in the tail-elicited siphon withdrawal reflex of Aplysia californica. (ovid.com)
  • Invertebrate organisms such as Aplysia californica ( Aplysia ) are well-studied models for iGluR-mediated function, yet no studies to date have analyzed the evolutionary relationships between iGluR genes in these species and those in vertebrates, to identify genes that may mediate plasticity. (springer.com)
  • Sea hares in particular are interesting because Aplysia californica is a well-studied model organism that offers a large suite of genetic tools. (peerj.com)
  • In the mollusc Aplysia californica , mate-attraction is mediated by a blend of water-borne protein pheromones that are detected by sensory structures called rhinophores. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Egg-laying behavior in Aplysia californica can be triggered by the introduction of a neuropeptide, the Egg-Laying Hormone (ELH) into the circulation. (caltech.edu)
  • Antibodies generated against ELH from A. californica selectively stained the bag cell systems of three other species of Aplysia - A. braziliana , A. vaccaria and A. dactylomela - which also share cross bioactivity. (caltech.edu)
  • Adult Aplysia californica (80-120 g) were obtained from Alacrity Marine Biological Services and initially housed in a 50-gallon aquarium filled with cooled (12-14°C), aerated seawater. (eneuro.org)
  • In view of other functions, as for lipofuscin and/or lipochrome pigments in neurons of the gastropod Aplysia californica (Henkart 1975, Schwartz et al. (freethesaurus.com)
  • 5-trisphosphate receptor in Aplysia californica rhinophore. (freethesaurus.com)
  • The 2012 study showed a significant increase in long-term memory in healthy sea snails called Aplysia californica, an animal that has a simple nervous system, but with cells having properties similar to other more advanced species including humans. (freethesaurus.com)
  • A physically-based model has been developed for certain photoresponsive cells in the Aplysia californica central ganglia. (elsevier.com)
  • The California sea hare, Aplysia californica , is found along the California coast from Humboldt Bay in northern California to the Gulf of California, Baja California, Mexico. (animaldiversity.org)
  • Aplysia californica is in greatest abundance within sheltered rocky shore coastal environments. (animaldiversity.org)
  • Aplysia californica rapidly develops over the course of a year. (animaldiversity.org)
  • Aplysia californica is hermaphroditic, meaning each animal has both female and male sex organs. (animaldiversity.org)
  • Aplysia californica mates once a year. (animaldiversity.org)
  • The paired pedal ganglia of Aplysia californica are the most caudal portion of the circumesophageal ganglia. (neuronbank.org)
  • Created page with ' == Identified Neurons in the Abdominal Ganglion of '' Aplysia californica '' == This is a list of identified cell types in the abdominal ganglion, listing the cell name, i. (neuronbank.org)
  • The situation appears to be more complex in the giant marine mollusk Aplysia californica. (searlescholars.net)
  • The effect of altered protein kinase C (PKC) activity level on the synaptic transmission in the central ganglia of Aplysia californica was studied. (elsevier.com)
  • The goal of this work was to characterize the currents activated by D-Asp in neurons Aplysia californica, focusing on cells of the buccal S cluster (BSC). (miami.edu)
  • We have examined the development of multiple forms of neuromodulation triggered by a common neurotransmitter, serotonin, in the pleural sensory neurons of Aplysia californica. (elsevier.com)
  • We have isolated the cDNA for a tyrosine kinase receptor that is expressed in the nervous system of Aplysia californica and that is similar to the vertebrate insulin receptor. (mblwhoilibrary.org)
  • Here we identify and characterize ApEgr (GenBank: KC608221), an Egr homolog in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica. (calin-jageman.net)
  • The cells express a gene encoding three peptides-peptides I, II and the histidine-rich basic peptide (HRBP)-each of which has been chemically characterized in Aplysia californica. (utmb.edu)
  • Nicotinamide 2-fluoroadenine dinucleotide unmasks the NAD+ glycohydrolase activity of Aplysia californica adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribosyl cyclase. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The invertebrate Aplysia californica ADP-ribosyl cyclase is unusual among this family of enzymes by acting exclusively as a cyclase, whereas the other members, such as CD38 and CD157, also act as NAD+ glycohydrolases, following a partitioning kinetic mechanism. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A self-referencing and non-invasive Ca2+-sensitive vibrating electrode was used to assess the effects of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative challenges on the efflux and influx of calcium across the plasma membrane of single nerve cells cultured from abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. (elsevier.com)
Aged Aplysia neurons1
  • Genes involved in the stress response showed increased expression in aged Aplysia neurons. (springer.com)
Mollusk3
  • Here, it is demonstrated that the memory for long-term sensitization (LTS) in the marine mollusk Aplysia can be successfully transferred by injecting RNA from sensitized into naïve animals. (eneuro.org)
  • In this study, we cloned two genes from the marine mollusk Aplysia dactylomela which encode multi-transmembrane proteins. (elsevier.com)
  • Their model: Aplysia, a marine mollusk widely used in neuroscience for the study of learning and memory. (cea.fr)
Neuron9
  • Two Aplysia sensory neurons with synaptic contacts on the same motor neuron in culture after isolation from the nervous system of Aplysia. (eurekalert.org)
  • Arvanitaki and Chalazonitis (1955) and simultaneously Tauc (1954) published the first reports of a distinct visually identifiable neuron in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia , now called R15 (Cogeshall et al. (scholarpedia.org)
  • Kandel and his colleagues named many of the visually identifiable neurons in the ganglia of Aplysia and mapped out many of Aplysia' s neuron circuits. (scholarpedia.org)
  • An equivalent circuit model of the R15 bursting neuron in Aplysia has been combined with a fluid compartment model, resulting in a model that incorporates descriptions of most of the membrane ion channels that are known to exist in the somata of R15, as well as providing a Ca2+ balance on the cell. (yale.edu)
  • 2 . Canavier CC, Clark JW, Byrne JH (1991) Simulation of the bursting activity of neuron R15 in Aplysia: role of ionic currents, calcium balance, and modulatory transmitters. (yale.edu)
  • Moreover, a specific cellular alteration that underlies sensitization in Aplysia , sensory neuron hyperexcitability, can be reproduced by exposing sensory neurons in vitro to RNA from trained animals. (eneuro.org)
  • Injection of an homogenate of identified neuron R15 into the hemocele of Aplysia produced a weight increase of 3-10% within 90 min. (meta.org)
  • Schematic model of signaling pathways underlying long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neuron . (biomedcentral.com)
  • ABSTRACT The effects of the adenylate cyclase inhibitor GDPßS on the response of Aplysia neuron R15 to serotonin (51-IT) were investigated. (psu.edu)
Mollusc6
  • Aplysia argus is a species of gastropod mollusc in the genus Aplysia, native to the Indo-Pacific region. (wikipedia.org)
  • The anterior aorta is one of the largest blood vessels in the marine mollusc Aplysia kurodai . (biologists.org)
  • Many neurons in the mollusc Aplysia are identifiable and provide a useful model system for investigating the cellular mechanisms used by the neuroendocrine system to mediate simple behaviors. (rupress.org)
  • Binding of [ 125 I]α-bungarotoxin to acetylcholine receptors of ganglionic homogenate of the marine mollusc Aplysia is blocked by the anticholinesterases eserine ( I 50 = 4 µM) and neostigmine ( I 50 = 0.2 mM). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Although the marine mollusc Aplysia has been a valuable model to investigate the molecular basis of behavior [ 1 , 2 ] and reproduction [ 3 , 4 ], our knowledge of how they recognize and respond to environmental signals is limited. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neurons R3-R14 of the marine mollusc Aplysia are model neuroendocrine cells thought to regulate cardiovascular activity in vivo. (utmb.edu)
Dactylomela6
  • This species has long been confused with Aplysia dactylomela (living in the Atlantic Ocean) because they are morphologically very similar, but genetic studies have shown that those found in the Indo-Pacific are indeed a distinct species Aplysia argus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dear Bill, I can see many Aplysia dactylomela photos on the Forum, but no any one of its egg-mass. (seaslugforum.net)
  • Poddubetskaia, M., 2004 (Mar 10) Aplysia dactylomela and its egg-mass. (seaslugforum.net)
  • Comment on Aplysia dactylomela and its egg-mass by Marina Poddubetskaia. (seaslugforum.net)
  • Tambien la presencia de un inhibidor activo frente a calicreina plasmatica fue descrita en extractos crudos de la liebre marina Aplysia dactylomela (Gonzalez et al. (freethesaurus.com)
  • Biologia populacional da lesma-do-mar Aplysia dactylomela (Rang, 1828) em duas praias do estado do Ceara. (freethesaurus.com)
Kurodai3
  • We analyzed the ganglia and nerve fibers of the sea hare, Aplysia kurodai, and giant nerve fibers of the crayfish, Cambarus clarki. (freethesaurus.com)
  • The effects of extracellularly applied recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-induced Cl- current recorded from identified neurons (R9 and R12) of Aplysia kurodai were investigated with conventional voltage-clamp and pressure ejection techniques. (muscimol.xyz)
  • In the present study, we successfully isolated a laminaribiose-hydrolyzing enzyme from the digestive fluid of a marine gastropod Aplysia kurodai by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by conventional column chromatographies. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Cell neurons8
  • Following brief electrical stimulation of a pleuroabdominal connective nerve, the clusters of peptidergic bag cell neurons of Aplysia generate a long-lasting (or approximately 30 min) synchronous afterdischarge. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release in Aplysia bag cell neurons requires interaction between mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stores. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Nicotine inhibits potassium currents in Aplysia bag cell neurons. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Ca2+-induced uncoupling of Aplysia bag cell neurons. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Egg Laying Hormone, aplysia is a neuropeptide synthesized by the bag cell neurons, which contains 36 amino acids and can stimulate egglaying and ovulation in Aplysia via electrical discharge triggering of neurons. (medchemexpress.cn)
  • Phosphorylation of membrane-associated proteins by phorbol esters in isolated bag cell neurons of Aplysia. (mblwhoilibrary.org)
  • Following brief synaptic stimulation, the bag cell neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia undergo a series of changes in electrophysiological and secretory properties that triggers egg laying behavior. (mblwhoilibrary.org)
  • The bag cell neurons of Aplysia. (meta.org)
Ganglion5
  • 1. The monoamine transmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and the peptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide (FMRFa), which appear to contribute to presynaptic facilitation and inhibition of the sensorimotor synapse in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia, can modulate the frequency of spontaneous transmitter release at synapses formed between dissociated Aplysia sensory neurones and motoneurones in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • The aplysia egg-laying-hormone a 36 amino acid peptide acts as a neurotransmitter on cells of the abdominal ganglion and at the same time diffuses into the hemolymph where it is dispersed through the organism and acts as a hormone facilitating the expulsion of the egg string. (acris-antibodies.com)
  • Schematic representation of the Aplysia central nervous system that contains 9 major ganglia including paired buccal (BG), pedal (Pe), pleural (Pl), and cerebral (CG) and a single abdominal (AG) ganglion. (neuronbank.org)
  • The scientists have shown for the first time that the dynamics of transporting manganese ions (analogous to calcium) in the motor neurons of the Aplysia buccal ganglion are modulated by the neurotransmitter dopamine . (cea.fr)
  • The Aplysia abdominal ganglion neurons, R3-R14, modulate cardiovascular activity. (elsevier.com)
Genus2
  • Aplysia (/əˈplɪʒ(i)ə/) is a genus of medium-sized to extremely large sea slugs, specifically sea hares, which are one clade of large sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the sea slug genus Aplysia , clustering promotes reproduction (Kupfermann and Carew, 1974), and the jellyfish, Linuche unguiculata, significantly increases its reproductive success by social swarming (Larson, 1992). (freethesaurus.com)
Peptides4
  • Each of these peptides has been shown to be physiologically active in Aplysia. (jneurosci.org)
  • These results support the proposition that the labeled peptides have transmitterlike actions and suggest that there are a number of neuropeptides that are likely to have central actions that have not yet been characterized in Aplysia. (jneurosci.org)
  • These results suggest that the enterins are functionally redundant multiple myoinhibitory peptides in the arterial system of Aplysia . (biologists.org)
  • Localization of Aplysia neurosecretory peptides to multiple populations of dense core vesicles. (rupress.org)
Synaptic4
  • Through experiments on the conditioning of the Aplysia, links have been discovered with the synaptic plasticity for reward functions involved in the trait of addiction within mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previously we found that a translation regulator CPEB from Aplysia, ApCPEB, that stabilizes activity-dependent changes in synaptic efficacy can display prion-like properties in yeast. (nih.gov)
  • A novel cysteine-rich neurotrophic factor in Aplysia facilitates growth, MAPK activation, and long-term synaptic facilitation. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Papp, A 1996, ' Presynaptic modification of synaptic transmission at identified Aplysia central synapses, induced by changes in protein kinase C activity ', Neurobiology , vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 203-216. (elsevier.com)
Neuropeptide2
  • In order to study the distribution of ELH in the nervous system of Aplysia , antibodies were generated against the purified neuropeptide, coupled to a carrier molecule, thyroglobulin (Tg). (caltech.edu)
  • Scheller, Richard H. / Gene isolation with cDNA probes from identified aplysia neurons : Neuropeptide modulators of cardiovascular physiology . (elsevier.com)
Currents4
  • Changes in D-aspartate ion currents in the Aplysia nervous system with aging. (freethesaurus.com)
  • Insulin receptor in Aplysia neurons: characterization, molecular cloning, and modulation of ion currents. (mblwhoilibrary.org)
  • Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (i.p.s.ps) and, under voltage-clamp conditions, inhibitory postsynaptic currents (i.p.s.cs) were recorded in neurons in buccal ganglia of Aplysia juliana. (utmb.edu)
  • Adams, DJ, Gage, PW & Hamill, OP 1982, ' Inhibitory postsynaptic currents at Aplysia cholinergic synapses: Effects of permeant anions and depressant drugs ', Proceedings of the Royal Society of London - Biological Sciences , vol. 214, no. 1196, pp. 335-350. (utmb.edu)
Ganglia of Aplysia juliana1
  • 1. Action potentials recorded in the soma of R15 neurones in the abdominal ganglia of Aplysia juliana were not suppressed by selective inhibition of either Na or Ca conductance alone. (edu.au)
Nervous System of Aplysia2
  • Because the distribution of the enterin-immunopositive neurons is widespread in the nervous system of Aplysia , it is suggested that the enterins have actions in the control of several systems. (biologists.org)
  • In this thesis, biochemical and immunohistoehemical techniques have been employed to study the primary structure, release and distribution of ELH in the nervous system of Aplysia . (caltech.edu)
Cultured Aplysia bag cell1
  • Previous studies have shown that local clustering and immobilization of apCAM, the Aplysia homolog of NCAM, induces Src kinase activity and F-actin polymerization in the peripheral domain of cultured Aplysia bag cell growth cones. (elsevier.com)
Serotonin5
  • Serotonin and dopamine, both likely transmitter substances in Aplysia , stimulated formation of adenosine-3',5' monophosphate (cAMP) in ganglia, connectives, and identified nerve cell bodies. (rupress.org)
  • Here we apply serotonin-immunohistochemistry and fluorescent markers in combination with confocal microscopy as well as optical recording techniques to elucidate the structure and function of the rhinophore of the sea slug Aplysia punctata . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The actions of the neuromodulator serotonin (5HT) in Aplysia sensory neurons can be dissociated on the basis of their sensitivity to the 5HT receptor antagonist cyproheptadine, and their concentration requirement to 5HT. (nyu.edu)
  • A putative neurotransmitter, serotonin, may be used to transmit temporal information in the eye of Aplysia, because it can shift the phase of the circadian rhythm of spontaneous optic nerve impulses from the eye and the eye contains a significant quantity of serotonin. (elsevier.com)
  • Highly selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptor antagonists developed for mammals are ineffective in Aplysia due to the evolutionary divergence of neurotransmitter receptors and because the higher ionic strength of physiological saline for marine invertebrates reduces antagonist affinity. (physiology.org)
Central ganglia1
  • The transport of neuropeptides between central ganglia was studied in Aplysia. (jneurosci.org)
Synapses3
  • The links between the synapses during the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex are directly correlated with many behavioral traits in the Aplysia such as its habits, reflexes, and conditioning. (wikipedia.org)
  • The properties of the synapses displayed in the tests on conditioning involving the Aplysia (which has dopamine neurons but not a ventral tegmental area) are proposed to be directly comparable to behavioral responses such as addiction in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Facilitatory and inhibitory transmitters modulate spontaneous transmitter release at cultured Aplysia sensorimotor synapses. (nih.gov)
Genes2
  • Significantly altered expression of many genes between sexually mature and aged Aplysia suggests large molecular changes that may impact neuronal function. (springer.com)
  • The expression status of iGluR genes in the Aplysia nervous system was also examined. (springer.com)
Regarding behavioral1
  • Scientists have studied the conditioning of the Aplysia to identify correlations with conditioning in mammals, mainly regarding behavioral responses such as addiction. (wikipedia.org)
Buccal2
  • We used a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against v-Ha-ras p21 to precipitate an Mr 21,000 protein from extracts of Aplysia nervous tissue, ovotestis, and, to a much lesser degree, buccal muscle. (rupress.org)
  • The anterior aorta is one of the major arteries in the Aplysia cardiovascular system, and carries hemolymph to many parts of the body including the central nervous system (CNS), the buccal mass, the genital organs, the opaline gland and the anterior somatic tissues ( Koester and Koch, 1987 ). (biologists.org)
Proteins4
  • Abundant expression of ras proteins in Aplysia neurons. (rupress.org)
  • Here we show that novel multi-transmembrane proteins with similarity to rhodopsin G-protein coupled receptors are expressed in sensory epithelia microdissected from the Aplysia rhinophore. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Phylogenetic analyses show that the novel Aplysia G-protein coupled receptor-like proteins represent three distinct monophyletic subfamilies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The amino acid sequence had similarities to hypothetical proteins of Aplysia spp. (duhnnae.com)
Molecular1
  • Classical conditioning and sensitization share aspects of the same molecular cascade in Aplysia. (elsevier.com)
Receptor3
  • These results should provide the groundwork for future studies aimed at identifying this unknown receptor channel, as well as investigation of the potential relationship of D-Asp receptor modulation to learning and memory in Aplysia, which may have relevance in higher organisms. (miami.edu)
  • The characteristics of the Aplysia L-[ 3 H]QNB-binding site are in accordance with studies of numerous vertebrate and invertebrate tissues indicating that the muscarinic cholinergic receptor site has been highly conserved through evolution. (elsevier.com)
  • We studied two broad-spectrum 5-HT receptor antagonists that have been characterized biochemically in Aplysia CNS: methiothepin and spiperone. (physiology.org)
Brasiliana1
PHYSIOLOGY1
  • To do this, they used high-field MRI to observe Aplysia neurons in medium with a low manganese concentration, so as to not disrupt cell physiology. (cea.fr)
Gill4
  • In Aplysia, the primary reflex studied by scientists while studying operant conditioning is the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gill and siphon withdrawal reflex allows the Aplysia to pull back its siphon and gill for protection. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the case of Aplysia , researchers have studied the gill withdrawal reflex, a response that rapidly habituates to repeated stimulation of the snail's siphon or mantle shelf. (britannica.com)
  • We have found that one cellular locus for the storage of the memory underlying short-term sensitization of the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia is the set of monosynaptic connections between the siphon sensory cells and the gill and siphon motor neurons. (elsevier.com)
Induces1
  • Egg-laying hormone of Aplysia induces a voltage-dependent slow inward current carried by Na' in an identified motoneuron [1] [2] . (medchemexpress.cn)
Species4
  • Aplysia species, when threatened, frequently release clouds of ink, it is believed in order to blind the attacker (though they are in fact considered edible by relatively few species). (wikipedia.org)
  • The Aplysia species serve as an ideal model system for the physical studying of food-reward learning, due to "the neuronal components of parts of its ganglionic nervous system that are responsible for the generation of feeding movements. (wikipedia.org)
  • Besides the algae-sucking sacoglossans, Aplysia cuts up strips of seaweed for swallowing, and a number of the more primitive species feed on algae encrusted on rocks. (britannica.com)
  • These candidate chemosensory receptors are expressed and often restricted to rhinophores and oral tentacles, lending support to the notion that water-borne chemical detection in Aplysia involves species- or lineage-specific families of chemosensory receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
Motor neurons2
  • example, in the sea snail Aplysia -has confirmed that habituation need not depend on changes in the activity of sensory or motor neurons. (britannica.com)
  • The findings suggest that age-related changes in tail sensory and motor neurons result in deterioration of a simple form of learning in Aplysia . (frontiersin.org)
Neuroendocrine cells1
  • Ca2+ removal by the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase influences the contribution of mitochondria to activity-dependent Ca2+ dynamics in Aplysia neuroendocrine cells. (semanticscholar.org)
Inhibitory1
  • Recent behavioral experiments examining the siphon withdrawal reflex of Aplysia have revealed inhibitory effects of strong tail shock, a stimulus commonly used as an unconditioned stimulus in studies of associative and nonassociative learning in Aplysia. (nyu.edu)
Synapse1
  • Aplysia synapse associated protein (APSAP): identification, characterization, and selective interactions with Shaker-type potassium channels. (semanticscholar.org)
Localization2
  • In this study we determined the subcellular localization of eight Aplysia neuropeptides using immunogold labeling techniques, and analyzed the size distribution of dense core and granular vesicles in peptidergic neurons. (rupress.org)
  • Electrophysiological and neuronal localization techniques for cultured aplysia neurons", Poster presented as part of the Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. (soihub.org)
Long-term sensitization1
  • Of most interest, the association between ApEgr function and memory may be conserved in Aplysia, as we observe rapid and long-lasting up-regulation of expression after long-term sensitization training. (calin-jageman.net)
Rhinophore2
  • The posterior tentacle of Aplysia , the rhinophore, is a chemosensory organ and several behavioural studies showed that the rhinophores can detect pheromones, initiate orientation and locomotion toward food. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our neuroanatomical and functional studies of the rhinophore open up a new avenue to analyze the olfactory system in Aplysia . (biomedcentral.com)
Withdrawal3
  • RNASeq was used to investigate whole-transcriptome changes in tail-withdrawal sensory neurons of sexually mature and aged Aplysia to correlate transcriptional changes with reduced behavioral and physiological responses. (springer.com)
  • Decreased ion channel mRNA observed could mean fewer receptors present in aged neurons, resulting in reduced excitability of PVC sensory neurons, ultimately leading to reduced tail-withdrawal reflex observed in aged Aplysia. (springer.com)
  • This study used a simple neural circuit of Aplysia , the tail withdrawal reflex (TWR), to investigate nervous system aging with an emphasis on habituation. (frontiersin.org)
Invertebrate1
  • A cellular analog of classical conditioning in Aplysia was used to determine whether this form of invertebrate learning involves N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA)-type LTP. (sciencemag.org)
Acetylcholinesterase2
  • In contrast to their relative potency in blocking toxin binding, neostigmine is a more potent inhibitor of Aplysia acetylcholinesterase ( I 50 = 14 nM) than is eserine ( I 50 = 250 nM). (aspetjournals.org)
  • 6. These results suggest that Aplysia acetylcholinesterase is sensitive to trypsin but not to collagenase. (elsevier.com)
Cardioactive peptide1
  • The enterins also decreased the contraction amplitude of the anterior aorta evoked either by the application of an Aplysia cardioactive peptide, NdWFamide, or by the stimulation of a nerve innervating the aorta (the vulvar nerve). (biologists.org)
Amino1
  • Nucleotide sequencing revealed a putative exon that encodes amino acids sharing 68% homology with residues 5 to 54 of mammalian p21ras polypeptides, and which therefore is likely to encode a ras-like Aplysia protein. (rupress.org)
Nonassociative2
  • In 2018, scientists from the University of California, Los Angeles, have shown that the behavioral modifications characteristic of a form of nonassociative long-term memory in Aplysia can be transferred by RNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, the behavioral, and a subset of the cellular, modifications characteristic of a form of nonassociative long-term memory (LTM) in Aplysia can be transferred by RNA. (eneuro.org)
Neurotransmitter3
  • Octopamine Receptors on 'Aplysia' Neurons: Further Evidence for a Function of Octopamine as a Neurotransmitter. (dtic.mil)
  • Most such receptors mediate a hyperpolarizing conductance increase to K(+). These responses when considered with the octopamine content of whole ganglia and single neurons strongly suggest that octopamine is a neurotransmitter in Aplysia. (dtic.mil)
  • Our results suggest a significant role for L-Glu mediated responses throughout the Aplysia nervous system, consistent with L-Glu's role as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter. (springer.com)
Gigantea1
  • Objectives: This study aimed to: (1) confirm a temporal association between exposure to the sea hare Aplysia gigantea and the development of a neurotoxicosis in dogs and (2) further characterise the clinical signs, treatment and outcomes in dogs with this suspected toxicosis. (edu.au)
Pain in invertebrates - Wikipedia
Pain in invertebrates - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Aplysia | gastropod genus | Britannica.com
Aplysia | gastropod genus | Britannica.com (britannica.com)
Two-hybrid screening - Wikipedia
Two-hybrid screening - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Aplysia Neurons [image] | EurekAlert! Science News
Aplysia Neurons [image] | EurekAlert! Science News (eurekalert.org)
Plus it
Plus it (jneurosci.org)
Dr. Eric R Kandel Books New, Rare & Used Books - Alibris
Dr. Eric R Kandel Books New, Rare & Used Books - Alibris (alibris.com)
Searle Scholars Program : Jonathan V. Sweedler (1993)
Searle Scholars Program : Jonathan V. Sweedler (1993) (searlescholars.net)
Interganglionic axonal transport of neuropeptides in Aplysia | Journal of Neuroscience
Interganglionic axonal transport of neuropeptides in Aplysia | Journal of Neuroscience (jneurosci.org)
RCSB PDB - 1KOB: TWITCHIN KINASE FRAGMENT (APLYSIA), AUTOREGULATED PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN
RCSB PDB - 1KOB: TWITCHIN KINASE FRAGMENT (APLYSIA), AUTOREGULATED PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN (rcsb.org)
Plus it
Plus it (jneurosci.org)
California sea hare - Wikipedia
California sea hare - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Aplysia R15 neuron - Scholarpedia
Aplysia R15 neuron - Scholarpedia (scholarpedia.org)
WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Aplysia Linnaeus, 1767
WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Aplysia Linnaeus, 1767 (marinespecies.org)
The Sea Slug Forum - Aplysia dactylomela
The Sea Slug Forum - Aplysia dactylomela (seaslugforum.net)
PLOS ONE: Urotensin II in Invertebrates: From Structure to Function in Aplysia californica
PLOS ONE: Urotensin II in Invertebrates: From Structure to Function in Aplysia californica (journals.plos.org)
Switching Off and On of Synaptic Sites atAplysia Sensorimotor Synapses | Journal of Neuroscience
Switching Off and On of Synaptic Sites atAplysia Sensorimotor Synapses | Journal of Neuroscience (jneurosci.org)
Whole-transcriptome changes in gene expression accompany aging of sensory neurons in Aplysia californica | SpringerLink
Whole-transcriptome changes in gene expression accompany aging of sensory neurons in Aplysia californica | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Memory-Like Alterations in Aplysia Axons after Nerve Injury or Localized Depolarization | Journal of Neuroscience
Memory-Like Alterations in Aplysia Axons after Nerve Injury or Localized Depolarization | Journal of Neuroscience (jneurosci.org)
Appetitive feeding behavior of Aplysia: behavioral and neural analysis of directed head turning | Journal of Neuroscience
Appetitive feeding behavior of Aplysia: behavioral and neural analysis of directed head turning | Journal of Neuroscience (jneurosci.org)
Principles, Practices, and Positions in Neuropsychiatric Research - 1st Edition
Principles, Practices, and Positions in Neuropsychiatric Research - 1st Edition (elsevier.com)
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Cadmium Pathways in Snails Follow a Complementary Strategy between Metallothionein Detoxification and...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Cadmium Pathways in Snails Follow a Complementary Strategy between Metallothionein Detoxification and... (mdpi.com)
CiteSeerX - Search Results - intracellular injection
CiteSeerX - Search Results - intracellular injection (citeseer.ist.psu.edu)
Frédéric Joliot Institute for Life Sciences - High-field MRI: a premiere in functional observation, neuron by neuron
Frédéric Joliot Institute for Life Sciences - High-field MRI: a premiere in functional observation, neuron by neuron (cea.fr)
Phantom, a New Subclass of Mutator DNA Transposons Found in Insect Viruses and Widely Distributed in Animals | Genetics
Phantom, a New Subclass of Mutator DNA Transposons Found in Insect Viruses and Widely Distributed in Animals | Genetics (genetics.org)
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'central nervous system' Protocols and Video... (jove.com)
Metabolomics and proteomics reveal impacts of chemically mediated competition on marine plankton | PNAS
Metabolomics and proteomics reveal impacts of chemically mediated competition on marine plankton | PNAS (pnas.org)
Experience teaches plants to learn faster and forget slower in environments where it matters | SpringerLink
Experience teaches plants to learn faster and forget slower in environments where it matters | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Plus it
Plus it (jneurosci.org)
Protein kinase inhibitors selectively block phorbol ester- or forskolin- induced changes in excitability of Aplysia neurons |...
Protein kinase inhibitors selectively block phorbol ester- or forskolin- induced changes in excitability of Aplysia neurons |... (jneurosci.org)
Mediation of Classical Conditioning in Aplysia californica by Long-Term Potentiation of Sensorimotor Synapses | Science
Mediation of Classical Conditioning in Aplysia californica by Long-Term Potentiation of Sensorimotor Synapses | Science (science.sciencemag.org)
Colocalization and Cotransmission of Classical Neurotransmitters: An Invertebrate Perspective | SpringerLink
Colocalization and Cotransmission of Classical Neurotransmitters: An Invertebrate Perspective | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
The Superfamily of ras-Related Genes | SpringerLink
The Superfamily of ras-Related Genes | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)