An opisthobranch mollusk of the order Anaspidea. It is used frequently in studies of nervous system development because of its large identifiable neurons. Aplysiatoxin and its derivatives are not biosynthesized by Aplysia, but acquired by ingestion of Lyngbya (seaweed) species.
Clusters of neuronal cell bodies in invertebrates. Invertebrate ganglia may also contain neuronal processes and non-neuronal supporting cells. Many invertebrate ganglia are favorable subjects for research because they have small numbers of functional neuronal types which can be identified from one animal to another.
Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized CONNECTIVE TISSUE located outside the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Hormones produced by invertebrates, usually insects, mollusks, annelids, and helminths.
A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3)
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
A phylum of the kingdom Metazoa. Mollusca have soft, unsegmented bodies with an anterior head, a dorsal visceral mass, and a ventral foot. Most are encased in a protective calcareous shell. It includes the classes GASTROPODA; BIVALVIA; CEPHALOPODA; Aplacophora; Scaphopoda; Polyplacophora; and Monoplacophora.
Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.
Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.
The part of the face that is below the eye and to the side of the nose and mouth.
Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
Paired respiratory organs of fishes and some amphibians that are analogous to lungs. They are richly supplied with blood vessels by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly with the environment.
An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.
The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.
The disappearance of responsiveness to a repeated stimulation. It does not include drug habituation.
Characteristic properties and processes of the NERVOUS SYSTEM as a whole or with reference to the peripheral or the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
The production and release of substances such as NEUROTRANSMITTERS or HORMONES from nerve cells.
Stereotyped patterns of response, characteristic of a given species, that have been phylogenetically adapted to a specific type of situation.
A subclass of GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS containing large polar heads made up of several sugar units. One or more of their terminal sugar units are bound to a negatively charged molecule at pH 7. Members of this class include: GANGLIOSIDES, uronoglycosphingolipids, SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS, phosphoglycosphingolipids, and phosphonoglycosphingolipids.
A persistent increase in synaptic efficacy, usually induced by appropriate activation of the same synapses. The phenomenological properties of long-term potentiation suggest that it may be a cellular mechanism of learning and memory.
Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.
The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.
The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.
The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
An organophosphorus compound isolated from human and animal tissues.

Mechanisms for generating the autonomous cAMP-dependent protein kinase required for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. (1/1209)

The formation of a persistently active cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is critical for establishing long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) in Aplysia. The injection of bovine catalytic (C) subunits into sensory neurons is sufficient to produce protein synthesis-dependent LTF. Early in the LTF induced by serotonin (5-HT), an autonomous PKA is generated through the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis of regulatory (R) subunits. The degradation of R occurs during an early time window and appears to be a key function of proteasomes in LTF. Lactacystin, a specific proteasome inhibitor, blocks the facilitation induced by 5-HT, and this block is rescued by injecting C subunits. R is degraded through an allosteric mechanism requiring an elevation of cAMP coincident with the induction of a ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase.  (+info)

Actions of a pair of identified cerebral-buccal interneurons (CBI-8/9) in Aplysia that contain the peptide myomodulin. (2/1209)

A combination of biocytin back-fills of the cerebral-buccal connectives and immunocytochemistry of the cerebral ganglion demonstrated that of the 13 bilateral pairs of cerebral-buccal interneurons in the cerebral ganglion, a subpopulation of 3 are immunopositive for the peptide myomodulin. The present paper describes the properties of two of these cells, which we have termed CBI-8 and CBI-9. CBI-8 and CBI-9 were found to be dye coupled and electrically coupled. The cells have virtually identical properties, and consequently we consider them to be "twin" pairs and refer to them as CBI-8/9. CBI-8/9 were identified by electrophysiological criteria and then labeled with dye. Labeled cells were found to be immunopositive for myomodulin, and, using high pressure liquid chromatography, the cells were shown to contain authentic myomodulin. CBI-8/9 were found to receive synaptic input after mechanical stimulation of the tentacles. They also received excitatory input from C-PR, a neuron involved in neck lengthening, and received a slow inhibitory input from CC5, a cell involved in neck shortening, suggesting that CBI-8/9 may be active during forward movements of the head or buccal mass. Firing of CBI-8 or CBI-9 resulted in the activation of a relatively small number of buccal neurons as evidenced by extracellular recordings from buccal nerves. Firing also produced local movements of the buccal mass, in particular a strong contraction of the I7 muscle, which mediates radula opening. CBI-8/9 were found to produce a slow depolarization and rhythmic activity of B48, the motor neuron for the I7 muscle. The data provide continuing evidence that the small population of cerebral buccal interneurons is composed of neurons that are highly diverse in their functional roles. CBI-8/9 may function as a type of premotor neuron, or perhaps as a peptidergic modulatory neuron, the functions of which are dependent on the coactivity of other neurons.  (+info)

C-PR neuron of Aplysia has differential effects on "Feeding" cerebral interneurons, including myomodulin-positive CBI-12. (3/1209)

Head lifting and other aspects of the appetitive central motive state that precedes consummatory feeding movements in Aplysia is promoted by excitation of the C-PR neuron. Food stimuli activate C-PR as well as a small population of cerebral-buccal interneurons (CBIs). We wished to determine if firing of C-PR produced differential effects on the various CBIs or perhaps affected all the CBIs uniformly as might be expected for a neuron involved in producing a broad undifferentiated arousal state. We found that when C-PR was fired, it produced a wide variety of effects on various CBIs. Firing of C-PR evoked excitatory input to a newly identified CBI (CBI-12) the soma of which is located in the M cluster near the previously identified CBI-2. CBI-12 shares certain properties with CBI-2, including a similar morphology and a capacity to drive rhythmic activity of the buccal-ganglion. Unlike CBI-2, CBI-12 exhibits myomodulin immunoreactivity. Furthermore when C-PR is fired, CBI-12 receives a polysynaptic voltage-dependent slow excitation, whereas, CBI-2 receives relatively little input. C-PR also polysynaptically excites other CBIs including CBI-1 and CBI-8/9 but produces inhibition in CBI-3. In addition, firing of C-PR inhibits plateau potentials in CBI-5/6. The data suggest that activity of C-PR may promote the activity of one subset of cerebral-buccal interneurons, perhaps those involved in ingestive behaviors that occur during the head-up posture. C-PR also inhibits some cerebral-buccal interneurons that may be involved in behaviors in which C-PR activity is not required or may even interfere with other feeding behaviors such as rejection or grazing, that occur with the head down.  (+info)

In vitro analog of operant conditioning in aplysia. I. Contingent reinforcement modifies the functional dynamics of an identified neuron. (4/1209)

Previously, an analog of operant conditioning in Aplysia was developed using the rhythmic motor activity in the isolated buccal ganglia. This analog expressed a key feature of operant conditioning, namely a selective enhancement in the occurrence of a designated motor pattern by contingent reinforcement. Different motor patterns generated by the buccal central pattern generator were induced by monotonic stimulation of a peripheral nerve (i.e., n.2,3). Phasic stimulation of the esophageal nerve (E n.) was used as an analog of reinforcement. The present study investigated the neuronal mechanisms associated with the genesis of different motor patterns and their modifications by contingent reinforcement. The genesis of different motor patterns was related to changes in the functional states of the pre-motor neuron B51. During rhythmic activity, B51 dynamically switched between inactive and active states. Bursting activity in B51 was associated with, and predicted, characteristic features of a specific motor pattern (i.e., pattern I). Contingent reinforcement of pattern I modified the dynamical properties of B51 by decreasing its resting conductance and threshold for eliciting plateau potentials and thus increased the occurrences of pattern I-related activity in B51. These modifications were not observed in preparations that received either noncontingent reinforcement (i.e., yoke control) or no reinforcement (i.e., control). These results suggest that a contingent reinforcement paradigm can regulate the dynamics of neuronal activity that is centrally programmed by the intrinsic cellular properties of neurons.  (+info)

In vitro analog of operant conditioning in aplysia. II. Modifications of the functional dynamics of an identified neuron contribute to motor pattern selection. (5/1209)

Previously, an analog of operant conditioning was developed using the buccal ganglia of Aplysia, the probabilistic occurrences of a specific motor pattern (i.e., pattern I), a contingent reinforcement (i.e., stimulation of the esophageal nerve), and monotonic stimulation of a peripheral nerve (i.e., n.2,3). This analog expressed a key feature of operant conditioning (i.e., selective enhancement of the probability of occurrence of a designated motor pattern by contingent reinforcement). In addition, the training induced changes in the dynamical properties of neuron B51, an element of the buccal central pattern generator. To gain insights into the neuronal mechanisms that mediate features of operant conditioning, the present study identified a neuronal element that was critically involved in the selective enhancement of pattern I. We found that bursting activity in cell B51 contributed significantly to the expression of pattern I and that changes in the dynamical properties of this cell were associated with the selective enhancement of pattern I. These changes could be induced by an explicit association of reinforcement with random depolarization of B51. No stimulation of n.2,3 was required. These results indicate that the selection of a designated motor pattern by contingent reinforcement and the underlying neuronal plasticity resulted from the association of reinforcement with a component of central neuronal activity that contributes to a specific motor pattern. The sensory stimulus that allows for occurrences of different motor acts may not be critical for induction of plasticity that mediates the selection of a motor output by contingent reinforcement in operant conditioning.  (+info)

Characterization of the Aplysia californica cerebral ganglion F cluster. (6/1209)

The cerebral ganglia neurons of Aplysia californica are involved in the development and modulation of many behaviors. The medially located F cluster has been characterized using morphological, electrophysiological and biochemical techniques and contains at least three previously uncharacterized neuronal population. As the three subtypes are located in three distinct layers, they are designated as top, middle, and bottom layer F-cluster neurons (CFT, CFM, and CFB). The CFT cells are large (92 +/- 25 microm), white, nonuniformly shaped, and located partially in the sheath surrounding the ganglion. These neurons exhibit weak electrical coupling, the presence of synchronized spontaneous changes in membrane potential, and a generalized inhibitory input upon electrical stimulation of the anterior tentacular (AT) nerve. Similar to the CFT neurons, the CFM neurons (46 +/- 12 microm) are mainly silent but do not show electrical coupling or synchronized changes in membrane potential. Unlike the CFT neurons, the CFM neurons exhibit weak action potential broadening during constant current injection. Comparison of the peptide profiles of CFT, CFM, and CFB (10-30 microm) neurons using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry demonstrates distinct peptide molecular weights for each neuronal subtype with the masses of these peptides not matching any previously characterized peptides from A. californica. The mass spectra obtained from the AT nerve are similar to the CFT neuron mass spectra, while upper labial nerve contains many peptides observed in the CFM neurons located in nongranular neuron region.  (+info)

Dopaminergic synapses mediate neuronal changes in an analogue of operant conditioning. (7/1209)

Feeding behavior in Aplysia can be modified by operant conditioning in which contingent reinforcement is conveyed by the esophageal nerve (E n.). A neuronal analogue of this conditioning in the isolated buccal ganglia was developed by using stimulation of E n. as an analogue of contingent reinforcement. Previous studies indicated that E n. may release dopamine. We used a dopamine antagonist (methylergonovine) to investigate whether dopamine mediated the enhancement of motor patterns in the analogue of operant conditioning. Methylergonovine blocked synaptic connections from the reinforcement pathway and the contingent-dependent enhancement of the reinforced pattern. These results suggest that dopamine mediates at least part of the neuronal modifications induced by contingent reinforcement.  (+info)

Nitric oxide stimulates cGMP production and mimics synaptic responses in metacerebral neurons of Aplysia. (8/1209)

Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the nervous systems of many vertebrates and invertebrates. We investigated the mechanism of NO action at an identified synapse between a mechanoafferent neuron, C2, and the serotonergic metacerebral cell (MCC) in the cerebral ganglion of the mollusc Aplysia californica. Stimulation of C2 produces a decreasing conductance, very slow EPSP in the MCC. C2 is thought to use histamine and NO as cotransmitters at this synapse, because both agents mimic the membrane responses. Now we provide evidence that treatment with NO donors stimulates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in the MCC, and as a result cGMP increases. S-Nitrosocysteine (SNC, an NO donor) and 8-bromo-cGMP (8-Br-cGMP) both induced the membrane depolarization and increase in input resistance that are characteristic of the very slow EPSP. Two inhibitors of sGC, 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinequinone (LY83583) and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4, 3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ), suppressed both the very slow EPSP and the membrane responses to SNC but not the histamine membrane responses. NO-induced cGMP production was determined in the MCC using cGMP immunocytochemistry (cGMP-IR). In the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), 10 microM SNC was sufficient to induce cGMP-IR, and the staining intensity increased as the SNC dose was increased. This cGMP-IR was suppressed by ODQ in a dose-dependent manner and completely blocked by 10 microM ODQ. Histamine did not induce cGMP-IR. The results suggest that NO stimulates sGC-dependent cGMP synthesis in the MCC and that cGMP mediates the membrane responses. The cotransmitter histamine induces essentially the same membrane responses but seems to use a separate and distinct second messenger pathway.  (+info)

... guttata Sars M., 1840 synonym of Aplysia punctata (Cuvier, 1803) Aplysia hamiltoni Kirk, 1882: synonym of Aplysia ... Aplysia poikilia Bergh, 1908: synonym of Aplysia maculata Rang, 1828 Aplysia protea Rang, 1828: synonym of Aplysia dactylomela ... synonym of Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828 Aplysia sibogae Bergh, 1905: synonym of Aplysia juliana Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 Aplysia ... synonym of Aplysia maculata Rang, 1828 Aplysia tigrinella Gray, 1850: synonym of Aplysia maculata Rang, 1828 Aplysia velifer ...
... is a species of gastropod mollusc in the genus Aplysia, native to the Indo-Pacific region. This species has long ... Aplysia argus. Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species. " Aplysia dactylomela ". National ... Aplysia, Gastropods described in 1863, All stub articles, Heterobranchia stubs). ... been confused with Aplysia dactylomela (living in the Atlantic Ocean) because they are morphologically very similar, but ...
"Aplysia morio". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 15 January 2019. Photos of Aplysia morio on Sealife Collection (Articles with short ... Aplysia morio is a bulky sea slug that can grow to a length of 30 cm (12 in) or more. It is usually dark chocolate brown to ... Aplysia morio, the Atlantic black sea hare or sooty sea hare, is a species of sea slug, a marine gastropod mollusk in the ... Aplysia morio feeds on algae. In Bermuda juveniles seem to feed almost exclusively on species of the red alga Laurencia, even ...
... , the walking sea hare, is a species of sea hare, a marine gastropod in the family Aplysiidae. Distribution of ... Gofas, S. (2010). Aplysia juliana Quoy & Gaimard, 1832. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca ... Hutton F. W. 1874 Description of two new Species of Aplysia. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, volume 7, page ... "Aplysia juliana (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832), Sea Hare". Museums Victoria Collections. Retrieved 2020-10-23. Bebbington A. (1974) ...
... also have large neurons which make them a model species in the study of the cellular basis of learning and ... Aplysia punctata are grazing organisms which prefer to reside and feed on algal seaweed beds. Using their radula, A. punctata ... The rhinophores for Aplysia punctata are located both on their head and posterior tentacle. Their namesake as "sea hares" ... The spotted sea hare (Aplysia punctata) is a species of sea slug in the family Aplysiidae, the sea hares. It reaches a length ...
... , common name the "extraordinary sea hare", is a very large species of sea slug, more specifically a sea ... Canterbury University Press, Christchurch Hamatani I. & Baba, K. (2003). "A New Record of Aplysia (Varria) extraordinaria ( ... Aplysia, Gastropods described in 1932, All stub articles, Heterobranchia stubs). ... Bouchet, P. (2011). Aplysia extraordinaria (Allan, 1932). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www. ...
... is a species of sea slug, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Aplysiidae. The species was ... Aplysia gigantea are commonly found near the southwestern corner of Western Australia, in soft sediment or reef environments. ... Wells, Fred E. (January 1986). "A redescription of the sea hare Aplysia gigantea Sowerby, 1869". Journal of the Malacological ... Moroz, Leonid L. (January 2011). "Aplysia". Current Biology. 21 (2): R60-R61. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.11.028. ISSN 0960-9822. ...
... is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by John Frederick Gates Clarke in 1986. It is found on the ...
... is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Aplysiidae. The species is found in Japan and Southeastern ... "Aplysia kurodai Baba, 1937". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 23 October 2021. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... is different from Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Aplysia, Gastropods of Asia, Gastropods described in 1937, ...
... , the depilatory sea hare, is a species of sea hare or sea slug, a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in ... Aplysia depilans are one of the seven species of the genus which are known to swim occasionally rather than crawl. Although ... Media related to Aplysia depilans at Wikimedia Commons v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different ... from Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Commons category link from Wikidata, Aplysia, Gastropods described in 1791 ...
180-213 ( Martinez E. & Ortea J. (2002). On the synonymy between Aplysia winneba Eales, 1957 and Aplysia fasciata Poiret, 1789 ... to be a synonym of Aplysia fasciata with just a different regional colour pattern. Aplysia fasciata can grow to sizes up to 40 ... Aplysia fasciata, common name the "mottled sea hare", or the "sooty sea hare", is an Atlantic species of sea hare or sea slug, ... Aplysia fasciata eat algae and seaweed attached to rocks and other surfaces. They are often seen swimming in groups, along tide ...
... is a species of gastropod belonging to the family Aplysiidae. The species is found in Indian and Pacific ... "Aplysia oculifera A.Adams & Reeve, 1850". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 20 October 2021. v t e (Articles with short description, ... Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Aplysia, Molluscs of the Pacific Ocean, ...
... at Sea Slug Forum Aplysia dactylomela at Animal Diversity Web Aplysia dactylomela at Slugsite Aplysia ... "Aplysia dactylomela". Carefoot, T.H, S.C. Pennings, Jean Paul Danko. 1999. A test of novel function(s) for the ink of sea hares ... Aplysia dactylomela, the spotted sea hare, is a species of large sea slug, a marine opisthobranch gastropod in the family ... Aplysia dactylomela is commonly found in shallow waters, tide pools and rocky and sandy substrates, they also will be found ...
... ". nathistoc.bio.uci.edu. Retrieved 2019-01-04. Sea Slugs: Aplysia vaccaria. Retrieved 25 February 2015. ... Aplysia vaccaria, also known as the black sea hare and California black sea hare, is a species of extremely large sea slug, a ... Aplysia vaccaria is a simultaneous hermaphrodite; it has both male and female sex organs that are able to contribute to sexual ... All Aplysia species are herbivorous. This species eats brown seaweeds and kelp, which give the animal its typically very dark ...
The Aplysia gill and siphon withdrawal reflex (GSWR) is an involuntary, defensive reflex of the sea hare Aplysia californica, a ... Sensitization in Aplysia californica is the increase of a response due to the presentation of a novel, often noxious, stimulus ... Habituation in Aplysia californica occurs when a stimulus is repeatedly presented to an animal and there is a progressive ... Dishabituation in Aplysia californica occurs when the animal is presented with another novel stimulus and a partial or complete ...
Sea hare Aplysia dactylomela Aplysia dactylomela showing mouth Fischer, P. (1883). Manuel de conchyliologie et de paléontologie ... The biggest species, Aplysia vaccaria, can reach a length of 75 centimetres (30 in) and a weight of 14 kilograms (31 lb) and is ... Research surrounding the aplysia gill and siphon withdrawal reflex may be of particular interest with respect to this. Sea ... 15 July 2010). "Aplysia vaccaria". The Sea Slug Forum (seaslugforum.net). New South Wales, AU: Australian Museum. Barnes, ...
VI, p. 1-596 Aplysia californica from the Sea Slug Forum Dice, Samantha. "Aplysia californica". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved ... Like all Aplysia species, the California sea hare is herbivorous. Its diet consists primarily of red algae such as Laurencia ... The California sea hare (Aplysia californica) is a species of sea slug in the sea hare family, Aplysiidae. It is found in the ... Adult animals can weigh up to 7 kg (15 lb). A closely related species, Aplysia vaccaria, the black sea hare, can grow to be ...
Bolognesi, M; Onesti, S; Gatti, G; Coda, A; Ascenzi, P; Brunori, M (1989). "Aplysia limacina myoglobin. Crystallographic ...
"The little Aplysia coming of age: from one species to a complex of species complexes in Aplysia parvula (Mollusca: Gastropoda: ... Aplysia parvula was long seen as a circumtropical sea hare species, but Golestani et al. (2019) restricted the name A. parvula ... The dwarf sea hare or pygmy sea hare, Aplysia parvula, is a species of sea hare, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family ... The type locality of Aplysia parvula is Saint Vincent, Lesser Antilles. The dwarf sea hare is round-bodied and smooth-skinned ...
Most expression in Aplysia spp. is in neural cells. The gene in C. elegans is let 60. Also appears to play a role in receptor ...
ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Pilsbry", p. 207). Letson, E (1898). "Description of a new Tethys (Aplysia)". Proceedings of the ...
Letson, E (1898). "Description of a New Tethys (Aplysia)". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 50: ... Aplysia) (1898) Post-pliocene fossils of the Niagara river gravels (1901) Check List of the Mollusca of New York (1905) A ...
In 1964 Kehoe moved to Paris to continue her work on Aplysia at the Institut Marey. She began experimenting to identify the ... This was unusual, as the Aplysia response she was researching was cholinergic and was not expected to change with the addition ... In a nearby lab Felix Strumwasser was using neurons from Aplysia californica, a species of sea slug, to study circadian rhythms ... She spent decades working with the neurons of Aplysia californica, studying post-synaptic nerve response. She discovered that ...
Aplysia californica, a type of sea slug). Her early work involved investigations into the impact of the insulin-like growth ...
Strumwasser, F. (1971). "The cellular basis of behavior in aplysia". Journal of Psychiatric Research. Pergamon Press. 8 (3): ... the sea hare Aplysia and the land snail Helix. She developed the concept of ganglion preparation of large identifiable nerves. ... Aplysia)". Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. (CS1 maint: archived copy as title, Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Chalazonitis both explored the methodology of electrophysiological activity of the nervous system of the sea hare genus Aplysia ...
Hawkins RD, Kandel ER, Bailey CH (June 2006). "Molecular mechanisms of memory storage in Aplysia". The Biological Bulletin. 210 ...
Eric Kandel established many of the biochemical markers of learning and memory in the Aplysia (California sea slug) in the ... Hawkins, R. D., Kandel, E. R., & Bailey, C. H. (2006). Molecular mechanisms of memory storage in aplysia. biological bulletin, ...
Vandorpe DH, Morris CE (May 1992). "Stretch activation of the Aplysia S-channel". The Journal of Membrane Biology. 127 (3): 205 ...
... is a metabolic product of Aplysia californica species of sea hare, and is a major component to its ink mixture. ... Aplysioviolin is known to be the major chemodeterrent compound in Aplysia but it is not the only one; both opaline and ... Aplysioviolin is a purple-colored molecule secreted by sea hares of the genera Aplysia and Dolabella to deter predators. ... ISBN 978-3-642-80768-8. Rüdiger, Wolfhart (February 1967). "On the defensive dyes in Aplysia species. I. Aplysioviolin, a new ...
In studies on learning and the Aplysia gill and siphon withdrawal reflex, Aplysia received an electric shock on the siphon each ... Aplysia learned to keep their gills contracted above the criterion level-an unlikely outcome if the response was due to a ... Moreover, in Aplysia and mammals the same cell signaling pathways trigger persistent enhancement of excitability and synaptic ... When a weak tactile stimulus is applied to the siphon of the sea-hare Aplysia californica, the animal rapidly withdraws the ...
The proposer will use a well-established cellular model system for growth cone studies (Aplysia), state-of-the-art molecular ...
Aplysia californica, Channel Islands, USA, Photo: Olivia Johnson. Aplysia californica, Channel Islands, USA, Photo: Olivia ...
Caffeine-induced electrical oscillations in Aplysia neurons (Komendantov, Kononenko 2000). Download zip file Help downloading ... It has been found that in cultured Aplysia neurons bath applications of 40 mM cafffeine evokes oscillations of the membrane ... 1 . Komendantov AO, Kononenko NI (2000) Caffeine-induced oscillations of the membrane potential in Aplysia Neurons. ... Caffeine-induced electrical oscillations in Aplysia neurons (Komendantov, Kononenko 2000). Caffeine-induced electrical ...
... are the most common sea hare species found around Heron Island, and reportedly in the whole of the Great ...
We saw several California brown sea hares (Aplysia californica), so-named because their rhinophores look like long ears. Like ... Aplysia californica. Published on May 5, 2023. May 16, 2023. by Hashi ... We saw several California brown sea hares (Aplysia californica), so-named because their rhinophores look like long ears. Like ...
Cellular and molecular advances in the study of learning in Aplysia. / Carew, Thomas. Neural and molecular bases of learning. ... Carew, T. (1987). Cellular and molecular advances in the study of learning in Aplysia. In JP. Changeaux, M. Konishi, & D. ... Carew, T 1987, Cellular and molecular advances in the study of learning in Aplysia. in JP Changeaux, M Konishi & D Konferenzen ... Cellular and molecular advances in the study of learning in Aplysia. In Changeaux JP, Konishi M, Konferenzen D, editors, Neural ...
The National Resource for Aplysia provides investigators with laboratory-reared California sea hares, Aplysia californica, of ... Aplysia is an important educational tool, as well. The Resource regularly provides animals for use in hands-on neurobiology ... On request, Aplysia and its food (red algae) are shipped via FedEx overnight priority. Special cohorts, procedures, or ... The primary goals of the Resource are to optimize and standardize Aplysia used by NIH investigators and to expand the uses of ...
We have cloned a DNA fragment from the marine mollusc Aplysia californica, which contains sequences homologous to mammalian ras ... M E Swanson, A M Elste, S M Greenberg, J H Schwartz, T H Aldrich, M E Furth; Abundant expression of ras proteins in Aplysia ... Abundant expression of ras proteins in Aplysia neurons. M E Swanson, M E Swanson ... The cloned locus, designated Apl-ras, is distinct from the Aplysia rho (ras-homologue) gene and appears to be more closely ...
Aplysia californica. (California Sea Hare). Pisaster ochraceus. Pisaster ochraceus. Ophioderma panamense. Hypsypops rubicundus ...
Johnson at the University of WashingtonThe pacific coast sea hare Aplysia californica can lay about million eggs in a single ... Re: NIH-Aplysia Resource Facility. From: Tom Capo, December 8, 1998 * Re: NIH-Aplysia Resource Facility. From: Tom Capo, ... The pacific coast sea hare Aplysia californica can lay about 86 million eggs in a single egg mass. I found the info in Thomas ... Information on Aplysia in Chile. From: Soledad De La Piedra, March 30, 1999 ...
A Transmitter Role For Serotonin In The Aplysia Eye? Fed. Proc.. 1979. ...
Organism(s): Aplysia californica. Summary: Crystal Structure Of A-Achbp In Complex With Gymnodimine A ...
Loh YP and Jacklet J W (1977) Catecholamine and protein synthesis in the eyes of Aplysia californica. Comp Biochem Physiol 57C: ... Loh YP, Sarne Y and Gainer H (l975) Heterogeneity of proteins synthesized, stored and released by the Bag cells of Aplysia ... 1973) The role of macromolecules in neuronal function in Aplysia. In: Progress in Neurobiology, (Pergammon), G.A. Kerkut, and J ... Loh YP, Ruchel R, and Gainer H (1977) Specific, water-soluble, polypeptides in identified neurons of Aplysia californica. Hoppe ...
2002) Serotonin stimulates phosphorylation of Aplysia synapsin and alters its subcellular distribution in sensory neurons. J ... and experiments at Aplysia suggest that synapsin dispersion may depend on cAMP/PKA pathway (Angers et al., 2002). Synapsin ...
Aplysia, and Coral; and using cDNA arrays that are novel in the field of gene expression analysis. ...
Extracellularly Identifying Motor Neurons for a Muscle Motor Pool in Aplysia californica ...
In the search for UPS regulators to modulate PKA-pCREB levels in the brain, it was found that in the snail Aplysia, the ... 1997). Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase is an immediate-early gene essential for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Cell 89, 115- ...
I did learn much more about Aplysia and how to do single-cell recording. I also discussed going to work with Eric Kandel,to ... At Washington U, I wound up doing an experiment on synaptic learning using single cell recording in a sea slug, the Aplysia. ... continue work on Aplysia, but I missed the richer behavior in mammals and decided to concentrate on the animal model most ...
Hochner was a graduate of Eric Kandels lab, the Nobel laureate who pioneered studies on how the sea slug Aplysia learns. ...
Aplysia ras-related homolog 12. *RHO12. *RHOA. *RHOH12. *Rho cDNA clone 12 ...
Calcium-activated inward spike after-currents in bursting neurone R15 of Aplysia.. 395:285-302. 1988 ...
Eric Kandel and the entry re : Medical school and early research . He studied molluscs--(Aplysia californica) for their ... "In 1962, after completing his residency in psychiatry, Kandel went to Paris to learn about the marine mollusc Aplysia ... and operant conditioning could readily be studied with ganglia isolated from Aplysia. "While recording the behavior of a single ...
Diamond electrodes for neurodynamic studies in Aplysia californica. JM Halpern, S Xie, GP Sutton, BT Higashikubo, CA Chestek, H ...
Aplysia In a project funded by a $1 MM grant from the Packard Foundation, the Benner laboratory is collaborating with the ... laboratory of Leonid Moroz to exploit over 12,000 ESTs from Aplysia neurons to understand the functioning of the nervous system ...
Aplysia - Preferred Concept UI. M0001588. Scope note. An opisthobranch mollusk of the order Anaspidea. It is used frequently in ... La aplisiatoxina y sus derivados no son sintetizados por Aplysia, sino que se adquiere por la ingestión de especies de Lyngbya ... Aplysiatoxin and its derivatives are not biosynthesized by Aplysia, but acquired by ingestion of Lyngbya (seaweed) species. ... Aplysiatoxin and its derivatives are not biosynthesized by Aplysia, but acquired by ingestion of Lyngbya (seaweed) species.. ...
Brembs, B., Lorenzetti, F. D., Reyes, F. D., Baxter, D. A., & Byrne, J. H. (2002). Operant reward learning in Aplysia. Science ...
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Aplysia (4) * Esplenectomia (4) *Mostrar mais.... Tipo de estudo * Prognostic_studies (25) ...
  • THE NATIONAL RESOURCE FOR APLYSIA NIH Guide, Volume 26, Number 27, August 15, 1997 P.T. Keywords: National Center for Research Resources The National Resource for Aplysia is a resource facility providing Aplysia californica (California sea hares or sea slugs) from all stages of development, from larvae to adults, as well as their red algal food (Gracillaria). (nih.gov)
  • The National Resource for Aplysia supports basic biomedical research by providing investigators with the following customized services: o Large scale production of Aplysia californica from all developmental stages and sizes. (nih.gov)
  • We saw several California brown sea hares ( Aplysia californica ), so-named because their rhinophores look like long ears. (hashiworks.com)
  • We have cloned a DNA fragment from the marine mollusc Aplysia californica, which contains sequences homologous to mammalian ras genes, by screening a genomic library with a viral Ha-ras oncogene probe under conditions of low stringency hybridization. (silverchair.com)
  • The National Resource for Aplysia provides investigators with laboratory-reared California sea hares, Aplysia californica, of known age and standardized environmental background at all stages of development, from eggs to mature adults, as well as red algae to feed animals. (nih.gov)
  • The pacific coast sea hare Aplysia californica can lay about 86 million eggs in a single egg mass. (seaslugforum.net)
  • Dr. Byrne's research focuses on the neuronal and molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory using the marine mollusk, Aplysia californica , as a model system. (nih.gov)
  • Under the name of sea hares, are identified almost all species of the genus Aplysia , therefore also the Aplysia fasciata , present in our seas. (monaconatureencyclopedia.com)
  • The National Resource for Aplysia is supported by an award from the National Center for Research Resources, NIH. (nih.gov)
  • Aplysia dactylomela are the most common sea hare species found around Heron Island, and reportedly in the whole of the Great Barrier Reef ( Marshall & Willan 1999 ). (gbri.org.au)
  • The Sea hare ( Aplysia fasciata , Poiret, 1789, called Aplysia limacina until the beginning of the eighties of the XX century) is an odd marine gastropod, common also near our coasts, endowed of a long and thin shell. (monaconatureencyclopedia.com)
  • Aplysia dactylomela is one of several species of sea hare often kept in reef aquariums. (cravencountryjamboree.com)
  • The development of this methodology helped enable the first total synthesis of the natural product (+)-brasilenyne, an antifeedant isolated from the sea hare ( Aplysia brasiliana ). (nih.gov)
  • Abundant expression of ras proteins in Aplysia neurons. (silverchair.com)
  • The large identified neurons of Aplysia offer the opportunity to examine how ras protein might function in mature nerve cells. (silverchair.com)
  • La lepre marina, Ballerina Spagnola del Mediterraneo, (Aplysia depilans Gmelin, 1791) nota anche come scecco. (intotheblue.it)
  • Aplysiatoxin and its derivatives are not biosynthesized by Aplysia, but acquired by ingestion of Lyngbya (seaweed) species. (nih.gov)
  • La aplisiatoxina y sus derivados no son sintetizados por Aplysia, sino que se adquiere por la ingestión de especies de Lyngbya (alga marina). (bvsalud.org)
  • The genus Aplysia includes about 40 species, present in almost all the waters of the temperate and warm seas of Europe and Africa. (monaconatureencyclopedia.com)
  • The Aplysia fasciata is the most known among our local species of Gastropods ( Gastropoda ) ascribed to the subclass of the Opisthobranchs ( Opistobranchia ). (monaconatureencyclopedia.com)
  • The primary goals of the Resource are to optimize and standardize Aplysia used by NIH investigators and to expand the uses of the Aplysia model system. (nih.gov)
  • The proposer will use a well-established cellular model system for growth cone studies (Aplysia), state-of-the-art molecular tools (recombinant IgCAM and Src biosensor) and a high-resolution force measurement system (Atomic Force Microscopy, AFM) coupled with FRET imaging. (alzheimer-europe.org)
  • Nucleotide sequencing revealed a putative exon that encodes amino acids sharing 68% homology with residues 5 to 54 of mammalian p21ras polypeptides, and which therefore is likely to encode a ras-like Aplysia protein. (silverchair.com)
  • We used a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against v-Ha-ras p21 to precipitate an Mr 21,000 protein from extracts of Aplysia nervous tissue, ovotestis, and, to a much lesser degree, buccal muscle. (silverchair.com)
  • 15. Serotonin-induced cleavage of the atypical protein kinase C Apl III in Aplysia. (nih.gov)
  • Aplysia has been employed in the neuroscience field as a model for memory and learning, with potential for use in studies of addiction and nerve senescence and regeneration. (nih.gov)
  • Facility staff will provide advice on setting up marine aquarium facilities for short-term holding of Aplysia shipped from the Resource. (nih.gov)
  • The unconventional anatomical-comparative evolutionary characteristic of the Aplysia , or, more in general of the opisthobranchs, is however that in archaic time (possibly by the end of the Cambrian period, Palaeozoic or Primary Era), these animals lived inside a complete shell, much ampler than that present nowadays. (monaconatureencyclopedia.com)
  • Using the crystal structure of the Aplysia Shaker channel tetramerization domain as a template, the common structure of the POZ domain class was predicted. (embl.de)
  • On request, Aplysia and its food (red algae) are shipped via FedEx overnight priority. (nih.gov)
  • The neuronal isoform of CPEB in aplysia lacks a canonical phosphorylation site, while it contains a very unusual sequence in the aminoterminal region. (medscape.com)