Apigenin. Medical search

Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.

5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.

A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.

A group of 4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The common names of daisy or marguerite are easily confused with other plants. Some species in this genus have been reclassified to TANACETUM.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain arctiin and onopordopicrin.

A group of FLAVONOLS based on kaempferol. They are derived from naringenin and can be hydroxylated to QUERCETIN or reduced to leucopelargonidin.

A group of FLAVONOIDS characterized with a 4-ketone.

A flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin.

A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that has been found as a natural infection of the Brazilian guinea pig. Its host-tissue relationship is, in general, comparable to that of L. braziliensis.

Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that is an ingredient of Banxia Houpu (DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL).

17 beta-Hydroxy-4-androsten-3-ones. Testosterone derivatives formed by the substitution of one or more hydroxyl groups in any position.

A plant species of the family APIACEAE. The stalks are a food source.

A subtype of mitochondrial ADP, ATP translocase found primarily in FIBROBLASTS.

A plant genus of the family VIOLACEAE. Some species in this genus are called bouncing bet which is a common name more often used with SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS. Members contain macrocyclic peptides.

The mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).

Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved.

A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Cunninghamellaceae, order MUCORALES. Some species cause systemic infections in humans.

A plant genus of the family APIACEAE used for flavoring food.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

A plant genus of subsucculent annual or perennial plants in the family BALSAMINACEAE, order Geraniales.

An isoflavonoid derived from soy products. It inhibits PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE and topoisomerase-II (DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE II); activity and is used as an antineoplastic and antitumor agent. Experimentally, it has been shown to induce G2 PHASE arrest in human and murine cell lines and inhibits PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE.

Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE. The common names of beebalm or lemonbalm are also used for MONARDA.

The above-ground plant without the roots.

A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A group of 3-hydroxy-4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.

A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility.

Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced mutations independently of the mechanism involved.

A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.

A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype with specificity for TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR LIGAND SUPERFAMILY MEMBER 15. It is found in tissues containing LYMPHOCYTES and may play a role in regulating lymphocyte homeostasis and APOPTOSIS. The activated receptor signals via a conserved death domain that associates with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM.

Sorbitan mono-9-octadecanoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives; complex mixtures of polyoxyethylene ethers used as emulsifiers or dispersing agents in pharmaceuticals.

Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell.

Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.

Mutant strains of mice that produce little or no hair.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

A large class of organic compounds having more than one PHENOL group.

5,7,4'-trihydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.

Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.

Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.

Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.

An inducibly-expressed subtype of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. It plays an important role in many cellular processes and INFLAMMATION. It is the target of COX2 INHIBITORS.

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A human liver tumor cell line used to study a variety of liver-specific metabolic functions.

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

Phenomena and pharmaceutics of compounds that inhibit the function of agonists (DRUG AGONISM) and inverse agonists (DRUG INVERSE AGONISM) for a specific receptor. On their own, antagonists produce no effect by themselves to a receptor, and are said to have neither intrinsic activity nor efficacy.

A subunit of NF-kappa B that is primarily responsible for its transactivation function. It contains a C-terminal transactivation domain and an N-terminal domain with homology to PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-REL.

A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. They bear the familiar citrus fruits including oranges, grapefruit, lemons, and limes. There are many hybrids which makes the nomenclature confusing.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucose from a nucleoside diphosphate glucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.

A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.

A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.

Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such as ENTEROCYTES. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related to intestinal cell function and differentiation.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor family members that are widely expressed and play a role in regulation of peripheral immune responses and APOPTOSIS. The receptors are specific for TNF-RELATED APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND and signal via conserved death domains that associate with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is closely related in structure to the INSULIN RECEPTOR. Although commonly referred to as the IGF-I receptor, it binds both IGF-I and IGF-II with high affinity. It is comprised of a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits which are derived from cleavage of a single precursor protein. The beta subunit contains an intrinsic tyrosine kinase domain.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Any inflammation of the skin.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS. The proteins are found on mitochondrial, microsomal, and NUCLEAR MEMBRANE sites within many cell types. Overexpression of bcl-2 proteins, due to a translocation of the gene, is associated with follicular lymphoma.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

The period of the CELL CYCLE following DNA synthesis (S PHASE) and preceding M PHASE (cell division phase). The CHROMOSOMES are tetraploid in this point.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

A polysaccharide-producing species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from human dental plaque.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A transmembrane-protein belonging to the TNF family of intercellular signaling proteins. It is a widely expressed ligand that activates APOPTOSIS by binding to TNF-RELATED APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND RECEPTORS. The membrane-bound form of the protein can be cleaved by specific CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES to form a soluble ligand form.

A protein serine-threonine kinase that catalyzes the PHOSPHORYLATION of I KAPPA B PROTEINS. This enzyme also activates the transcription factor NF-KAPPA B and is composed of alpha and beta catalytic subunits, which are protein kinases and gamma, a regulatory subunit.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A family of intracellular tyrosine kinases that participate in the signaling cascade of cytokines by associating with specific CYTOKINE RECEPTORS. They act upon STAT TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS in signaling pathway referred to as the JAK/STAT pathway. The name Janus kinase refers to the fact the proteins have two phosphate-transferring domains.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

3-Phenylchromones. Isomeric form of FLAVONOIDS in which the benzene group is attached to the 3 position of the benzopyran ring instead of the 2 position.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.

Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in LEUKEMIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; and COLORECTAL CANCER.

A family of intracellular CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that play a role in regulating INFLAMMATION and APOPTOSIS. They specifically cleave peptides at a CYSTEINE amino acid that follows an ASPARTIC ACID residue. Caspases are activated by proteolytic cleavage of a precursor form to yield large and small subunits that form the enzyme. Since the cleavage site within precursors matches the specificity of caspases, sequential activation of precursors by activated caspases can occur.

7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.

A method used to study the lateral movement of MEMBRANE PROTEINS and LIPIDS. A small area of a cell membrane is bleached by laser light and the amount of time necessary for unbleached fluorescent marker-tagged proteins to diffuse back into the bleached site is a measurement of the cell membrane's fluidity. The diffusion coefficient of a protein or lipid in the membrane can be calculated from the data. (From Segen, Current Med Talk, 1995).

A nuclear receptor coactivator with specificity for ESTROGEN RECEPTORS and PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS. It contains a histone acetyltransferase activity that may play a role in CHROMATIN REMODELING during the process of nuclear receptor-induced transcription. The coactivator has been found at elevated levels in certain HORMONE-DEPENDENT NEOPLASMS such as those found in BREAST CANCER.

The reproductive organs of plants.

A family of enzymes accepting a wide range of substrates, including phenols, alcohols, amines, and fatty acids. They function as drug-metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of UDPglucuronic acid to a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. EC 2.4.1.17.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A cyclin subtype that is transported into the CELL NUCLEUS at the end of the G2 PHASE. It stimulates the G2/M phase transition by activating CDC2 PROTEIN KINASE.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Substances that possess antiestrogenic actions but can also produce estrogenic effects as well. They act as complete or partial agonist or as antagonist. They can be either steroidal or nonsteroidal in structure.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is regulated by OXYGEN availability and is targeted for degradation by VHL TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN.

A family of protein serine/threonine kinases which act as intracellular signalling intermediates. Ribosomal protein S6 kinases are activated through phosphorylation in response to a variety of HORMONES and INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS. Phosphorylation of RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 by enzymes in this class results in increased expression of 5' top MRNAs. Although specific for RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 members of this class of kinases can act on a number of substrates within the cell. The immunosuppressant SIROLIMUS inhibits the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinases.

A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 9. Isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA.

A ubiquitously expressed protein kinase that is involved in a variety of cellular SIGNAL PATHWAYS. Its activity is regulated by a variety of signaling protein tyrosine kinase.

Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.

Organic derivatives of thiocyanic acid which contain the general formula R-SCN.

Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.

The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

DEFENSINS found mainly in epithelial cells.

Inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES and sulfhydryl group-containing enzymes. They act as alkylating agents and are known to interfere in the translation process.

Regulatory signaling systems that control the progression through the CELL CYCLE. They ensure that the cell has completed, in the correct order and without mistakes, all the processes required to replicate the GENOME and CYTOPLASM, and divide them equally between two daughter cells. If cells sense they have not completed these processes or that the environment does not have the nutrients and growth hormones in place to proceed, then the cells are restrained (or "arrested") until the processes are completed and growth conditions are suitable.

Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.

A family of signaling adaptor proteins that contain SRC HOMOLOGY DOMAINS. Many members of this family are involved in transmitting signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS to MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES.

A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that mediates TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53-dependent CELL CYCLE arrest. p21 interacts with a range of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES and associates with PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN and CASPASE 3.

One of the six homologous soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors (SOMATOMEDINS) and modulate their mitogenic and metabolic actions at the cellular level.

Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

A promyelocytic cell line derived from a patient with ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. HL-60 cells lack specific markers for LYMPHOID CELLS but express surface receptors for FC FRAGMENTS and COMPLEMENT SYSTEM PROTEINS. They also exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli. (From Hay et al., American Type Culture Collection, 7th ed, pp127-8)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Transplantation between animals of different species.

A cyclin B subtype that colocalizes with MICROTUBULES during INTERPHASE and is transported into the CELL NUCLEUS at the end of the G2 PHASE.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.

Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

A large multisubunit complex that plays an important role in the degradation of most of the cytosolic and nuclear proteins in eukaryotic cells. It contains a 700-kDa catalytic sub-complex and two 700-kDa regulatory sub-complexes. The complex digests ubiquitinated proteins and protein activated via ornithine decarboxylase antizyme.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

The original member of the family of endothelial cell growth factors referred to as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A was originally isolated from tumor cells and referred to as "tumor angiogenesis factor" and "vascular permeability factor". Although expressed at high levels in certain tumor-derived cells it is produced by a wide variety of cell types. In addition to stimulating vascular growth and vascular permeability it may play a role in stimulating VASODILATION via NITRIC OXIDE-dependent pathways. Alternative splicing of the mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor A results in several isoforms of the protein being produced.

An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.

A member of the Bcl-2 protein family and homologous partner of C-BCL-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN. It regulates the release of CYTOCHROME C and APOPTOSIS INDUCING FACTOR from the MITOCHONDRIA. Several isoforms of BCL2-associated X protein occur due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of the mRNA for this protein.

A family of inhibitory proteins which bind to the REL PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS and modulate their activity. In the CYTOPLASM, I-kappa B proteins bind to the transcription factor NF-KAPPA B. Cell stimulation causes its dissociation and translocation of active NF-kappa B to the nucleus.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

(2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.

A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).

A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)

The external, nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of EPITHELIUM: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis).

A CALCIUM-independent subtype of nitric oxide synthase that may play a role in immune function. It is an inducible enzyme whose expression is transcriptionally regulated by a variety of CYTOKINES.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that plays a role in APOPTOSIS. It is composed of two subunits: ARYL HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATOR and HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1, ALPHA SUBUNIT.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Enzyme complexes that catalyze the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS from the appropriate unsaturated FATTY ACIDS, molecular OXYGEN, and a reduced acceptor.

A pathologic process consisting of the proliferation of blood vessels in abnormal tissues or in abnormal positions.

A class of MOLECULAR CHAPERONES whose members act in the mechanism of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by STEROID RECEPTORS.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.

Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide. EC 1.15.1.1.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or "seizure disorder."

A large group of proteins that control APOPTOSIS. This family of proteins includes many ONCOGENE PROTEINS as well as a wide variety of classes of INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS such as CASPASES.

Drugs that bind to and activate excitatory amino acid receptors.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Exogenous and endogenous compounds which inhibit CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.

An in situ method for detecting areas of DNA which are nicked during APOPTOSIS. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is used to add labeled dUTP, in a template-independent manner, to the 3 prime OH ends of either single- or double-stranded DNA. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling, or TUNEL, assay labels apoptosis on a single-cell level, making it more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis for analysis of DNA FRAGMENTATION.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

A well-characterized basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities. This growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on GROWTH HORMONE. It is believed to be mainly active in adults in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR II, which is a major fetal growth factor.

A family of non-receptor, PROLINE-rich protein-tyrosine kinases.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The aggregation of soluble ANTIGENS with ANTIBODIES, alone or with antibody binding factors such as ANTI-ANTIBODIES or STAPHYLOCOCCAL PROTEIN A, into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.

A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

Increase in wild-type p53 stability and transactivational activity by the chemopreventive agent apigenin in keratinocytes. (1/264)

Apigenin, a naturally occurring, non-mutagenic flavonoid, has been shown to inhibit UV-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice when topically applied. In this report we have used the mouse keratinocyte 308 cell line, which contains a wild-type p53 gene, to study the effect of apigenin treatment on p53 protein levels and the expression of its downstream partner, p21/waf1. Cells were treated with 70 microM apigenin for various times and levels of p53 and p21/waf1 protein were assessed by western blot analysis. The level of p53 protein was induced 27-fold after 4 h of apigenin treatment and levels remained elevated through 10 h of exposure. After 24 h of exposure to 70 microM apigenin, p53 protein levels returned to control levels. p21/waf1 protein levels increased approximately 1. 5-2-fold after 4 h and remained elevated at 24 h. To investigate the mechanism of p53 protein accumulation, we compared the half-life of p53 protein in vehicle- and apigenin-treated cells. Cells were incubated for 4 h in the presence of apigenin, then cycloheximide was added to inhibit further protein synthesis and p53 protein levels were measured by western blot. The half-life of p53 protein was found to be increased an average of 8-fold in apigenin-treated cells compared with vehicle-treated cells (t(1/2) = 131 min versus 16 min in apigenin- versus vehicle-treated cells, respectively). The mechanism of p53 protein stabilization is currently being investigated. To determine whether p53 was transcriptionally active, we also performed gel mobility shift assays and transient transfection studies using a luciferase plasmid under the control of the p21/waf1 promoter. Both p53 DNA-binding activity and transcriptional activation peaked after 24 h of exposure to apigenin. These studies suggest that apigenin may exert anti-tumorigenic activity by stimulating the p53-p21/waf1 response pathway. (+info)

Endogenous protein kinase CK2 participates in Wnt signaling in mammary epithelial cells. (2/264)

Protein kinase CK2 (formerly casein kinase II) is a serine/threonine kinase overexpressed in many human tumors, transformed cell lines, and rapidly proliferating tissues. Recent data have shown that many cancers involve inappropriate reactivation of Wnt signaling through ectopic expression of Wnts themselves, as has been seen in a number of human breast cancers, or through mutation of intermediates in the Wnt pathway, such as adenomatous polyposis coli or beta-catenin, as described in colon and other cancers. Wnts are secreted factors that are important in embryonic development, but overexpression of certain Wnts, such as Wnt-1, leads to proliferation and transformation of cells. We report that upon stable transfection of Wnt-1 into the mouse mammary epithelial cell line C57MG, morphological changes and increased proliferation are accompanied by increased levels of CK2, as well as of beta-catenin. CK2 and beta-catenin co-precipitate with the Dvl proteins, which are Wnt signaling intermediates. A major phosphoprotein of the size of beta-catenin appears in in vitro kinase reactions performed on the Dvl immunoprecipitates. In vitro translated beta-catenin, Dvl-2, and Dvl-3 are phosphorylated by CK2. The selective CK2 inhibitor apigenin blocks proliferation of Wnt-1-transfected cells, abrogates phosphorylation of beta-catenin, and reduces beta-catenin and Dvl protein levels. These results demonstrate that endogenous CK2 is a positive regulator of Wnt signaling and growth of mammary epithelial cells. (+info)

Flavopiridol binds to duplex DNA. (3/264)

Flavopiridol, the first potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor to enter clinical trials, was recently found to be cytotoxic to noncycling cells. The present studies were performed to examine the hypothesis that flavopiridol, like several other antineoplastic agents that kill noncycling cells, might also interact with DNA. Consistent with this possibility, treatment of A549 human lung cancer cells with clinically achievable concentrations of flavopiridol resulted in rapid elevations of the DNA damage-responsive protein p53. In further studies, the binding of flavopiridol to DNA was examined in vitro by four independent techniques. Absorption spectroscopy revealed that addition of DNA to aqueous flavopiridol solutions resulted in a red shift of the flavopiridol lambda(max) from 311 to 344 nm, demonstrating an isosbestic point typical of changes seen with DNA-binding compounds. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that flavopiridol binds to genomic DNA to a similar extent as ethidium bromide and Hoechst 33258. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that DNA caused extreme broadening of flavopiridol 1H nuclear magnetic resonance signals that could be reversed by addition of ethidium bromide or by DNA melting, suggesting that flavopiridol binds to (and likely intercalates into) duplex DNA. Equilibrium dialysis demonstrated that the equilibrium dissociation constant of the flavopiridol-DNA complex (5.4+/-3.4 x 10(-4) M) was in the same range observed for binding of the intercalators doxorubicin and pyrazoloacridine to DNA. Molecular modeling confirmed the feasibility of flavopiridol intercalation into DNA and analysis of the effects of flavopiridol in the National Cancer Institute tumor cell line panel using the COMPARE algorithm demonstrated that flavopiridol most closely resembles cytotoxic antineoplastic intercalators. Collectively, these data suggest that DNA might be a second target of flavopiridol, providing a potential explanation for the ability of this agent to kill noncycling cancer cells. (+info)

Wortmannin inhibition of forskolin-stimulated chloride secretion by T84 cells. (4/264)

The time- and dose-dependent effects of wortmannin on transepithelial electrical resistance (Rte) and forskolin-stimulated chloride secretion in T84 monolayer cultures were studied. In both instances, maximal effects developed over 2 h and were stable thereafter. Inhibition of forskolin-stimulated chloride secretion, as measured by the short-circuit current (Isc) technique, had an IC50 of 200-500 nM, which is 100-fold higher than for inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), but similar to the IC50 for inhibition of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Previous work demonstrated that 500 nM wortmannin did not inhibit the cAMP activation of apical membrane chloride channels. We show here that 500 nM wortmannin has no affect on basolateral Na/K/2Cl-cotransporter activity, but inhibits basolateral membrane Na/K-ATPase activity significantly. The MLCK inhibitors ML-7 and KT5926 were without affect on forskolin-stimulated Isc. Similarly, the p38- and MEK-specific MAPK inhibitors SB203580 and PD98059 did not reduce forskolin-stimulated Isc. In contrast, the non-specific MAPK inhibitor apigenin reduced forskolin-stimulated Isc and basolateral membrane Na/K-ATPase activity similar to wortmannin. In isolated membranes from T84 cells, wortmannin did not inhibit Na/K-ATPase enzymatic activity directly. We conclude that one or more MAPK may regulate the functional expression of basolateral membrane Na/K-ATPase by controlling the abundance of enzyme molecules in the plasma membrane. (+info)

Flavonoids inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in B16 melanoma 4A5 cells. (5/264)

We investigated the growth inhibitory activity of several flavonoids, including apigenin, luteolin, kaempherol, quercetin, butein, isoliquiritigenin, naringenin, genistein, and daizein against B16 mouse melanoma 4A5 cells. Isoliquiritigenin and butein, belonging to the chalcone group, markedly suppressed the growth of B16 melanoma cells and induced cell death. The other flavonoids tested showed little growth inhibitory activity and scarcely caused cell death. In cells treated with isoliquiritigenin or butein, condensation of nuclei and fragmentation of nuclear DNA, which are typical phenomena of apoptosis, were observed by Hoechst 33258 staining and by agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA. Flowcytometric analysis showed that isoliquiritigenin and butein increased the proportion of hypodiploid cells in the population of B16 melanoma cells. These results demonstrate that isoliquiritigenin and butein inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in B16 melanoma cells. Extracellular glucose decreased the proportion of hypodiploid cells that appeared as a result of isoliquiritigenin treatment. p53 was not detected in cells treated with either of these chalcones, however, protein of the Bcl-2 family were detected. The level of expression of Bax in cells treated with either of these chalcones was markedly elevated and the level of Bcl-XL decreased slightly. Isoliquiritigenin did not affect Bcl-2 expression, but butein down-regulated Bcl-2 expression. From these results, it seems that the pathway by which the chalcones induce apoptosis may be independent of p53 and dependent on proteins of the Bcl-2 family. It was supposed that isoliquiritigenin induces apoptosis in B16 cells by a mechanism involving inhibition of glucose transmembrane transport and promotion of Bax expression. On the other hand, it was suggested that butein induces apoptosis via down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and promotion of Bax expression. This mechanism differs from the isoliquiritigenin induction pathway. (+info)

Structural determinants for activation and block of CFTR-mediated chloride currents by apigenin. (6/264)

Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is an activator of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated Cl(-) currents across epithelia at low concentrations and a blocker at high concentrations. We determined the roles of structural components of apigenin for both stimulation and block of Cl(-) currents across Calu-3 epithelia. The half-maximal binding affinity of apigenin for current stimulation (K(s)) was 9.1 +/- 1.3 microM, and the rank-order of molecular structures was 7-hydroxyl > pyrone = 4'-hydroxyl > 5-hydroxyl. Both the 7-hydroxyl and the 4'-hydroxyl served as H-bond acceptors, whereas the 5-hydroxyl was an H-bond donor. The half-maximal binding affinity of apigenin during current block was 74 +/- 11 microM. Blocked Cl(-) currents were structurally determined by 7-hydroxyl = 4'-hydroxyl > pyrone > 5-hydroxyl. Prestimulation of tissues with forskolin significantly affected activation kinetics and binding characteristics. After forskolin stimulation, K(s) was 4.1 +/- 0.9 microM, which was structurally determined by pyrone > all hydroxyls > single hydroxyls. In contrast, block of Cl(-) current by apigenin was not affected by forskolin stimulation. We conclude that apigenin binds to a stimulatory and an inhibitory binding site, which are distinguished by their affinities and the molecular interactions during binding. (+info)

The neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogens on amyloid beta protein-induced toxicity are mediated by abrogating the activation of caspase cascade in rat cortical neurons. (7/264)

Amyloid beta protein (Abeta) elicits a toxic effect on neurons in vitro and in vivo. In present study we attempt to elucidate the mechanism by which Abeta confers its neurotoxicity. The neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogens on Abeta-mediated toxicity were also investigated. Cortical neurons treated with 5 microm Abeta-(25-35) for 40 h decreased the cell viability by 45.5 +/- 4.6% concomitant with the appearance of apoptotic morphology. 50 microm kaempferol and apigenin decreased the Abeta-induced cell death by 81.5 +/- 9.4% and 49.2 +/- 9.9%, respectively. Abeta increased the activity of caspase 3 by 10.6-fold and to a lesser extent for caspase 2, 8, and 9. The Abeta-induced activation of caspase 3 and release of cytochrome c showed a biphasic pattern. Apigenin abrogated Abeta-induced cytochrome c release, and the activation of caspase cascade. Kaempferol showed a similar effect but to a less extent. Kaempferol was also capable of eliminating Abeta-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species. These two events accounted for the remarkable effect of kaempferol on neuroprotection. Quercetin and probucol did not affect the Abeta-mediated neurotoxicity. However, they potentiated the protective effect of apigenin. Therefore, these results demonstrate that Abeta elicited activation of caspase cascades and reactive oxygen species accumulation, thereby causing neuronal death. The blockade of caspase activation conferred the major neuroprotective effect of phytoestrogens. The antioxidative activity of phytoestrogens also modulated their neuroprotective effects on Abeta-mediated toxicity. (+info)

Suppression of inducible cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma by flavonoids in mouse macrophages. (8/264)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma transcription factor has been implicated in anti-inflammatory response. Of the compounds tested, apigenin, chrysin, and kaempferol significantly stimulated PPAR gamma transcriptional activity in a transient reporter assay. In addition, these three flavonoids strongly enhanced the inhibition of inducible cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter activities in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages which contain the PPAR gamma expression plasmids. However, these three flavonoids exhibited weak PPAR gamma agonist activities in an in vitro competitive binding assay. Limited protease digestion of PPAR gamma suggested these three flavonoids produced a conformational change in PPAR gamma and the conformation differs in the receptor bound to BRL49653 versus these three flavonoids. These results suggested that these three flavonoids might act as allosteric effectors and were able to bind to PPAR gamma and activate it, but its binding site might be different from the natural ligand BRL49653. (+info)

... , or trenbolone cyclohexylmethylcarbonate, sold under the brand names Parabolan and Hexabolan, is a synthetic, injected anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) of the nandrolone group and an androgen ester - specifically, the C17β hexahydrobenzylcarbonate (cyclohexylmethylcarbonate) ester of trenbolone - which was marketed in France for medical use in humans but has since been discontinued.[1] It was introduced in France in 1980 and was voluntarily discontinued by its manufacturer in 1997.[1][2] The drug acts as a long-lasting prodrug of trenbolone when administered via intramuscular injection.[1] It was used clinically at a dosage of one ampoule (76 mg, corresponding to 50 mg trenbolone base) every 10 days.[1] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenbolone_hexahydrobenzylcarbonate

The hormonal IUD is inserted in a similar procedure to the nonhormonal copper IUD, and can only be inserted by a qualified medical practitioner.[39] Before insertion, a pelvic exam is performed to examine the shape and position of the uterus. It is also recommended that patients be tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia prior to insertion, as a current STI at the time of insertion can increase the risk of pelvic infection.[61] However, if a person has been previously screened and there is no evidence of infection on examination insertion of the IUD does not need to be delayed.[62] During the insertion, the vagina is held open with a speculum, the same device used during a pap smear.[39] A grasping instrument is used to steady the cervix, the length of the uterus is measured for proper insertion, and the IUD is placed using a narrow tube through the opening of the cervix into the uterus.[39] A short length of monofilament plastic/nylon string hangs down from the cervix into the vagina. The string ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormonal_IUDs

7,8-DHF, 8-prenylnaringenin, apigenin, baicalein, baicalin, biochanin A, calycosin, catechin, daidzein, daidzin, ECG, EGCG, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norethindrone

... (SGA), sold under the brand names Nestorone, Elcometrine, and Annovera, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control and in the treatment of endometriosis in the United States, Brazil, and other South American countries.[1][4][7] It is available both alone and in combination with an estrogen.[1][4][7] It is not effective by mouth and must be given by other routes, most typically as a vaginal ring or implant that is placed into fat.[1][4][8] Side effects of SGA are similar to those of other progestins. SGA is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone.[1][3][9][10] It has some affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor and has no other important hormonal activity.[1][3][9][10] SGA was developed by the Population Council and was introduced for medical use by 2000.[7][11] It is under development in the United States and Europe as a gel in combination with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segesterone_acetate

... , also known as progesterone acetate,[1] as well as 3-acetoxypregna-3,5-dien-20-one, is a progestin which was never marketed.[2][3][4][5] It was reported to possess similar potency to progesterone and hydroxyprogesterone caproate in the rabbit endometrial carbonic anhydrase test, a bioassay of progestogenic activity.[2][3] In addition, it was able to maintain pregnancy in animals.[2] Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether is closely related to quingestrone, which is also known as progesterone 3-cyclopentyl enol ether and was formerly marketed as an oral contraceptive.[6] The 3-acetyl ether may be cleaved from progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether in vivo and, based on its chemical structure, this may result in the transformation of progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether into 3α-dihydroprogesterone and/or 3β-dihydroprogesterone. 3β-Dihydroprogesterone has been reported to possess about the same progestogenic potency as progesterone in the Clauberg test, whereas ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone_3-acetyl_enol_ether

... , also known as 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxyprogesterone or as 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3,20-dione, is a synthetic pregnane steroid and a derivative of progesterone.[1][2] It is specifically a derivative of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone with a methyl group at the C6α position.[1][2] The generic name of medroxyprogesterone is a contraction of 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxyprogesterone. It is closely related to medrogestone as well as other unesterified 17α-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives such as chlormadinone, cyproterone, and megestrol.[1][2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone

Flavonoids (e.g., apigenin, hispidulin). *Fluoxetine. *Flupirtine. *Imidazoles (e.g., etomidate). *Kava constituents (e.g., ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-alpha-dihydroprogesterone

Irregular bleeding and spotting: Many women will experience some type of irregular, unpredictable, prolonged, frequent, or infrequent bleeding when using Nexplanon or Implanon.[18] Some women also experience amenorrhea. For some women, prolonged bleeding will decline after the first three months of use. However, other women may experience this bleeding pattern through all three years of use. While these patterns are not dangerous, they are the most common reason that women give for discontinuing the use of the implant. After removal, bleeding patterns return to previous patterns in most women.[13][14][15][16]. Insertion complications: Some minor side effects such as bruising, skin irritation, or pain around the insertion site are common.[13] However, there are some rare complications that can occur, such as infection or expulsion.[13][19] In some cases, a serious complication occurs when the provider fails to insert, and the rod is left in the inserter. An Australian study reported 84 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nexplanon

... (developmental code name RU-2065; nickname Trenavar), also known as estra-4,9,11-triene-3,17-dione, is an androgen prohormone as well as metabolite of the anabolic steroid trenbolone.[1][2][3][4][5] Trendione is to trenbolone as androstenedione is to testosterone.[6] The compound is inactive itself, showing more than 100-fold lower affinity for the androgen and progesterone receptors than trenbolone.[7][8] It is a designer steroid and has been sold on the internet as a "nutritional supplement".[1] Trendione is listed in the United States Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014.[1] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trendione

... (INN, BAN) (developmental code name PH-218), or edogesterone, also known as 17α-acetoxy-3,3-ethylenedioxy-6-methylpregn-5-en-20-one, is a steroidal progestin and antiandrogen of the 17α-hydroxyprogesterone group which was synthesized in 1964 but was never marketed.[1][2] Similarly to the structurally related steroid cyproterone acetate, edogestrone binds directly to the androgen receptor and antagonizes it, displacing androgens like testosterone from the receptor, though not as potently as cyproterone acetate.[3] The drug has also been found to suppress androgen production, likely via progesterone receptor activation-mediated antigonadotropic activity.[4] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edogestrone

7,8-DHF, 8-prenylnaringenin, apigenin, baicalein, baicalin, biochanin A, calycosin, catechin, daidzein, daidzin, ECG, EGCG, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_contraceptive_formulations

7,8-DHF, 8-prenylnaringenin, apigenin, baicalein, baicalin, biochanin A, calycosin, catechin, daidzein, daidzin, ECG, EGCG, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norplant

Irregular bleeding and spotting: Many women will experience some type of irregular, unpredictable, prolonged, frequent, or infrequent bleeding.[23] Some women also experience amenorrhea. For some women, prolonged bleeding will decline after the first three months of use. However, other women may experience this bleeding pattern through all five years of use. While these patterns are not dangerous, they are the most common reason that women give for discontinuing the use of the implant. After removal, bleeding patterns return to previous patterns in most women.[19][20][21] Insertion complications: Some minor side effects such as bruising, skin irritation, or pain around the insertion site are common.[19] However, there are some rare complications that can occur, such as infection or expulsion.[19][24] In some cases, a serious complication occurs when the provider fails to insert, and the rod is left in the inserter. An Australian study reported 84 pregnancies as a result of such failure.[22] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etonogestrel_birth_control_implant

... , also known as progesterone-only vaginal ring, is a form of vaginal ring used for birth control when breastfeeding.[1] Use can begin at four weeks and continue for at least up to a year following childbirth.[4][3] Failure rates with usual use is about 1.5 per 100 women.[1] It is used within the vagina with one ring lasting three months.[4] The woman is able to place and remove the ring herself.[3] Side effects include vaginal discharge and pain with urination.[3] It does not appear to be associated with serious side effects.[3][5] With use menstrual periods often do not resume.[1] It was specifically made for use with breastfeeding as it does not affect milk production.[1] It works by gradually releasing the hormone progesterone.[1] Progesterone vaginal rings have been approved for medical use since 1998.[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[6] As of 2014 they are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone_vaginal_ring

... is a source of flavonoids and antioxidants, especially luteolin, apigenin,[10] folic acid, vitamin K, vitamin C, and ... "Bioavailability of apigenin from apiin-rich parsley in humans" (PDF). Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 50 (3): 167-172. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsley_root

Apigenin Pan X, Tan N, Zeng G, Zhang Y, Jia R (2005). "Amentoflavone and its derivatives as novel natural inhibitors of human ... Amentoflavone is a biflavonoid (bis-apigenin coupled at 8 and 3' positions, or 3′,8′′-biapigenin) constituent of a number of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amentoflavone

A sebgyógyítás képességét az apigenin és luteolin jelenlétével magyarázzák.[32] Az állatkísérletek szerint a daganatok ...

https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolisz

Apigetrinas (apigenin-7-gliukozidas) - randamas kavos pakaitale iš kiaulpienių. *Izoviteksinas (apigenin-6-C-gliukozidas, ... Viteksinas (apigenin-8-C-gliukozidas). Apigeninas maiste[redaguoti , redaguoti vikitekstą]. Apigenino gausu petražolėse, ... RR Ruela-de-Sousa, GM Fuhler, N Blom, CV Ferreira, H Aoyama, MP Peppelenbosch (2010). „Cytotoxicity of apigenin on leukemia ... Growth factor-β and determination of Apoptotic Index in histopathological sections for assessment of the effects of Apigenin (4 ...

https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apigeninas

"Apigenin alleviates the symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia by inhibiting the production of alpha-hemolysin". FEMS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysin

"Combination of apigenin treatment with therapeutic HPV DNA vaccination generates enhanced therapeutic anti tumor effects". J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunomodulators

... apigenin, oroxylin A, scutellarein, and skullcapflavone II.[20][21][22] Baicalin and baicalein,[22][23][24][24][25] wogonin,[26 ... Viola H, Wasowski C, Levi de Stein M, Wolfman C, Silveira R, Dajas F, Medina JH, Paladini AC (1995). "Apigenin, a component of ... and apigenin[27] have been confirmed to act as positive allosteric modulators and produce anxiolytic effects in animals, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutellaria

Kost flavonoiderne apigenin og (-) - epigallocatechin gallat forstærker den positive modulering af diazepam i aktiveringen af ...

https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allosterisk_regulering

Non-specific inhibitors (apigenin, sulfated glycosaminoglycans) or crude enzyme extracts have been used to test most hypotheses ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaluronidase

Campbell, EL; Chebib, M; Johnston, GAR (2004). "The dietary flavonoids apigenin and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate enhance the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_allosteric_modulator

Damiana's anxiolytic properties might be due to apigenin. The extract from damiana has been found to suppress aromatase ... apigenin; α-pinene; β-carotene; β-pinene; tannins; thymol; and hexacosanol. In total, 22 flavonoids, maltol glucoside, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnera_diffusa

Apigenin chamomile, celery, parsley. Chrysin Passiflora caerulea, Pleurotus ostreatus, Oroxylum indicum. Diosmetin Vicia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_phytochemicals_in_food

the apigenin-6-C-glucoside. In this case, the prefix 'iso' does not imply an isoflavonoid (the position of the B-ring on the C- ... Vitexin, the 8-C-glucoside of apigenin Isoorientin, the 3'-OH derivative "Pharmacological studies of Passiflora sp. and their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isovitexin

Phytotherapy Research Apigenin and cancer chemoprevention. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_sources_of_anti-cancer_agents

Dried parsley can contain about 45 mg/gram apigenin. The apigenin content of fresh parsley is reportedly 215.5 mg/100 grams, ... Parsley is a source of flavonoids and antioxidants, especially luteolin, apigenin, folate, vitamin K, vitamin C, and vitamin A ... Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5. Meyer, H.; Bolarinwa, A.; Wolfram, G. & Linseisen, J. (2006). "Bioavailability of apigenin from ... "Plant flavone apigenin: An emerging anticancer agent". Current Pharmacology Reports. 3 (6): 423-446. doi:10.1007/s40495-017- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsley

... the flavonoids apigenin, quercetin, patuletin, and luteolin; and coumarin. German chamomile is used in herbal medicine for a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matricaria_chamomilla

... apigenin 8-C-glucoside) Isovitexin (apigenin 6-C-glucosid) Rhoifolin (apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside) Schaftoside (apigenin 6-C- ... Dried parsley can contain about 45 mg/gram and dried chamomile flower about 3-5 mg/gram apigenin. The apigenin content of fresh ... The naturally occurring glycosides formed by the combination of apigenin with sugars include: Apiin (apigenin 7-O-apioglucoside ... Apigenin is found in many fruits and vegetables, but parsley, celery, celeriac, and chamomile tea are the most common sources. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apigenin

apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (CHEBI:16778) is conjugate acid of apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside(1−) (CHEBI:77722) apigenin 7-O-β-D- ... apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside(1−) (CHEBI:77722) is conjugate base of apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (CHEBI:16778). apigenin 7-O-β-L- ... apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (CHEBI:16778) has functional parent apigenin (CHEBI:18388) apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (CHEBI:16778) ... apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (CHEBI:16778) is a β-D-glucoside (CHEBI:22798) apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (CHEBI:16778) is a ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=16778

Apigenin has been shown to inhibit cell growth, sensitize cancer cells to elimination by apoptosis, and hinder the development ... Apigenin is able to reduce cancer cell glucose uptake, inhibit remodeling of the extracellular matrix, inhibit cell adhesion ... As such, apigenin may provide some additional benefit beyond existing drugs in slowing the emergence of metastatic disease. ... Apigenin (4,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) is a flavonoid found in many ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23197449

Apigenin, a naturally occurring plant flavone, abundantly present in common fruits and vegetables, is recognized as a bioactive ... Apigenin: a promising molecule for cancer prevention.. Shukla S1, Gupta S. ... It has been suggested that apigenin may be protective in other diseases that are affected by oxidative process, such as ... Human clinical trials examining the effect of supplementation of apigenin on disease prevention have not been conducted, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20306120

... Mao-Qiang Man,1,2 Melanie Hupe,2 Richard Sun,2 George Man, ... Additionally, the effect of apigenin on stratum corneum function in a murine subacute allergic contact dermatitis model was ... Together, these results suggest that topical application of apigenin could provide an alternative regimen for the treatment of ... In the present study, we first tested whether topical applications of apigenin alleviate cutaneous inflammation in murine ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/912028/abs/

View information & documentation regarding Apigenin 7-O-glucuronide, including CAS, MSDS & more. ... Sigma-Aldrich offers a number of Apigenin 7-O-glucuronide products. ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/substance/apigenin7oglucuronide446362974109111?lang=en®ion=US

Apigenin primary reference standard; CAS Number: 520-36-5; EC Number: 208-292-3; Synonym: 4′,5,7-Trihydroxyflavone, 5,7- ... Apigenin primary reference standard Synonym: 4′,5,7-Trihydroxyflavone, 5,7-. Dihydroxy-. 2-. (4-. hydroxyphenyl). -. 4- ... They play crucial role in biological activities which include tumor growth inhibition and chemoprevention. Apigenin is a plant ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/01760595?lang=en®ion=US

Apigenin. PDB Entries. 3amy / 3cf9 / 4der / 4dgm / 4hkk / 4wo0 / 5auv / 5i2h / 5uqt. Clinical Trials. Clinical Trials ... Apigenin. Accession Number. DB07352. Type. Small Molecule. Groups. Experimental. Description. Not Available. Structure. ...

https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB07352

The method was validated and calibrated for total apigenin in the range of 1.0-100 μmol/L (. ). The limits of detection and ... Determination of Total Apigenin in Herbs by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography with UV Detection. Rafał Głowacki, Paulina ... Apigenin is a naturally occurring plant flavone that exhibits strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. ... A MEKC-UV based method was developed for the determination of total apigenin in selected herbs. Application of pseudostationary ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jamc/2016/3827832/abs/

The weights of liver and spleen in apigenin treatment groups did not reveal statistically significant difference when compared ... apigenin can result in the reduction of T-AOC, thus leading to the oxidative damage of liver tissues. In contrast, in middle- ... CAT and GSH-Px in apigenin treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P , 0.05). In high-dose ... we investigated the effect of apigenin at various dosages on the hepatic oxidative stress of male rats. Totally 48 SD male rats ...

http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=44785

Apigenin protects renal tubular epithelial cells against high glucose-induced injury through suppression of oxidative stress ... Apigenin reduced apoptotic rate and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Apigenin suppressed oxidative stress and increased ... LY294002 also attenuated the increase in Nrf2 protein by apigenin in high glucose-treated HK-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Apigenin ... Apigenin suppressed the decrease in cell viability and increase in supernatant LDH release at 100 and 200 μM after 48-h ...

https://www.greenmedinfo.com/article/apigenin-protects-renal-tubular-epithelial-cells-against-high-glucose-induced-

Further studies demonstrate the following: (i) apigenin inhibits FMDV infection at the viral post-entry stage; (ii) apigenin ... Apigenin, which is a flavonoid naturally existing in plant, possesses various pharmacological effects, including anti- ... Results show that apigenin can inhibit FMDV-mediated cytopathogenic effect and FMDV replication in vitro. ... does not exhibit direct extracellular virucidal activity; and (iii) apigenin interferes with the translational activity of FMDV ...

http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/7/4/1613

Home / Shop / Books / Science and Technology / Chemistry / Biochemistry / Apigenin and Naringenin: Natural Sources, ... Apigenin is one of the most bioactive naturally occurring flavonoids, found in fruits, plant-derived beverages, vegetables, ... Apigenin and Naringenin: Natural Sources, Pharmacology and Role in Cancer Prevention. $275.00. ... Chapter 7 - Role of Apigenin in Cancer Prevention (pp. 107-136). Rit Bahadur Gurung, Ramesh Prasad Pandey and Jae Kyung Sohng ( ...

https://novapublishers.com/shop/apigenin-and-naringenin-natural-sources-pharmacology-and-role-in-cancer-prevention/

However, the mechanism by which apigenin inhibits cancer cells is not fully understood. Id1 (inhibitor of differentiation or ... Apigenin, a common dietary flavonoid, has been shown to possess anti-tumor properties. ... Apigenin, a common dietary flavonoid, has been shown to possess anti-tumor properties. However, the mechanism by which apigenin ... Apigenin inhibits proliferation of ovarian cancer A2780 cells through Id1 FEBS Lett. 2009 Jun 18;583(12):1999-2003. doi: ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19447105/

Apigenin. Effect of Dietary Apigenin on Colonic Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity, Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation, and ... Effect of Dietary Apigenin on Colonic Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity, Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation, and Tumorigenesis in ... Abstract: The efficacy of dietary apigenin, a dietary flavonoid, in colon cancer prevention was investigated by evaluating the ...

http://encognitive.com/taxonomy/term/509?page=1

Trusted since 1969, we offer trusted quality and great value on Swanson Ultra Apigenin 50 mg 90 Caps products. ... Shop the best Swanson Ultra Apigenin 50 mg 90 Caps products at Swanson Health Products. ... Apigenin is a critical Flavonoid and it says to take one per day , but the oral efficacy is kind of a mystery. Would be nice if ... What is apigenin? You may not have heard about this once obscure bioflavonoid, but a quick internet search will reveal that ...

https://www.swansonvitamins.com/swanson-ultra-apigenin-50-mg-90-caps

In the present study, we evaluated the effects of apigenin, an anti-inflammatory flavonoid abundantly found in our diet, in ... Apigenin conferred protection against LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and reestablished normal mitochondrial complex I ... Here, we show that apigenin reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis by decreasing ROS production and the activity of ... Collectively, these findings indicate that the dietary compound apigenin stabilizes mitochondrial function during inflammation ...

http://mdpi.com/1422-0067/14/9/17664

Apigenin is a nonmutagenic bioflavonoid that has been shown to be an inhibitor of mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by the two- ... These data show that apigenin inhibits TPA-mediated COX-2 expression by blocking signal transduction of Akt and that apigenin ... Apigenin is a nonmutagenic bioflavonoid that has been shown to be an inhibitor of mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by the two- ... In the present study, we have determined that apigenin inhibited the TPA-induced increase in COX-2 protein and mRNA in the ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16044407/?dopt=Abstract

... and apigenin (AP) are four major flavonoids with various promising bioactivities found in Compositae (COP) species. A reliable ... Keywords: UPLC; linarin; luteolin; chlorogenic; apigenin; Compositae UPLC; linarin; luteolin; chlorogenic; apigenin; Compositae ... Linarin (LA), luteolin (LE), chlorogenic acid (CA) and apigenin (AP) are four major flavonoids with various promising ... Chlorogenic Acid and Apigenin in Different Parts of Compositae Species. Seung Hwan Hwang 1. ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/11/1609

Apigenin has an anabolic effect, according to this Korean animal study. And guess what? The human equivalent of the dose the ... The flavonoid apigenin is found in parsley, celery, chamomile and citrus fruits. ... The flavonoid apigenin is found in parsley, celery, chamomile and citrus fruits. Apigenin has an anabolic effect, discovered ... Apigenin. Apigenins structural formula is very similar to compounds like quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin, but apparently ...

http://www.ergo-log.com/apigenin-anabolic.html

... phosphorylation was reduced by apigenin and luteolin but not that of the insulin-like growth factor receptor IGF-1R by apigenin ... Apigenin and luteolin were identified in our U-2 OS (human osteosarcoma) cell screening assay for micronutrients triggering ... N-acetyl-L-cysteine did not prevent FOXO1 nuclear translocation induced by apigenin and luteolin, suggesting that these ... were down-regulated by both flavones with smaller effective dosages of apigenin than for luteolin. PKB/AKT-, PRAS40-, p70S6K-, ...

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0104321

Flavonoids like apigenin, chrysoeriol and quercetin are chief components in Petroselinum crispum plant. Chaitanya D. Ghode , ... Flavonoids like apigenin, chrysoeriol and quercetin are chief components in Petroselinum crispum plant. KEYWORDS: Petroselinum ... Soxhlet Extraction of Apigenin from Parsley (Petroselinum Crispum) Chaitanya D. Ghode*, Nikhil S. Gulhane, Pallavi S. Morande, ... Soxhlet Extraction of Apigenin from Parsley (Petroselinum Crispum)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific ...

https://www.edocr.com/v/krq90erv/ijtsrdinfo/uses-and-soxhlet-extraction-of-apigenin-from-parsl

Apigenin inhibits the survival of melanoma cells. To investigate the effects of apigenin on A375P and A375SM cell viability, ... Apigenin affects the migratory ability of melanoma cells. Subsequently, to explore the effect on apigenin on A375P and A375SM ... Effect of apigenin on p-ERK expression in A375SM-induced melanoma tumors. Nude mice were administered with apigenin for 3 weeks ... Effect of apigenin on melanoma cell viability. A375P and A375SM cells (density, 2×104 cells/ml) were treated with apigenin (0, ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2020.11572

Attenuation of tumor growth in U937 xenografts by apigenin raises the possibility that apigenin may have clinical implications ... Apigenin Induces Apoptosis in Human Leukemia Cells and Exhibits Anti-Leukemic Activity In Vivo Amit Budhraja, Ning Gao, Zhuo ... signaling cascades in apigenin-induced apoptosis in U937 human leukemia cells and anti-leukemic activity of apigenin in vivo. ... Apigenin induced apoptosis by inactivation of Akt with a concomitant activation of JNK, Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 downregulation, ...

https://mct.aacrjournals.org/content/11/1/132.abstract

The ability of Apigenin alone, and in combination with Doxorubicin, to suppress the growth of the breast cancer cell lines was ... Both Apigenin and Doxorubicin inhibited the growth of all the breast cancer cell lines in the micromolar range as determined by ... Apigenin augments the growth inhibitory effects of doxorubicin in breast cancer cells derived from African American patients. ... Apigenin potentiated the growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of Doxorubicin when co-treated with this agent as determined ...

https://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/16/11_Supplement/B81.short

Apigenin and luteolin were tested in a three-dimensional (3-D) assay consisting of MDA-MB231 breast cancer spheroids and ... Apigenin and luteolin were tested in a three-dimensional (3-D) assay consisting of MDA-MB231 breast cancer spheroids and ... Luteolin, unlike apigenin, inhibited MMP1-induced Ca2+ release. Free intracellular Ca2+ is a central signal amplifier ... Hence, we studied two flavonoids, apigenin and luteolin exhibiting strong bio-activity in various test systems in cancer ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2018.00220/full

Recently, apigenin was reported to cause gastric relaxation in murine. To assess possible effects of apigenin on migration of ... Then, hBSM cell overexpressing MEKK1 were exposed to apigenin (50 μM). Our data indicated that apigenin inhibited significantly ... QINGXIN, Liu et al. Apigenin inhibits cell migration through MAPK pathways in human bladder smooth muscle cells. Biocell [ ... Apigenin, a nonmutagenic flavonoid, has been shown to possess free radical scavenging activities, anticarcinogenic properties, ...

http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0327-95452011000300002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en

apigenin 6-C-(xylopyranosyl-1-2-galactopyranoside)-7-O-glucopyranoside: isolated from the seeds of Syzygium aromaticum; ... apigenin 6- C- (xylopyranosyl- 1- 2- galactopyranoside)- 7- O- glucopyranoside. Subscribe to New Research on apigenin 6-C ... Apigenin: 440*apigenin 6-C-(xylopyranosyl-1-2-galactopyranoside)-7-O-glucopyranoside ... Apigenin: 440*apigenin 6-C-(xylopyranosyl-1-2-galactopyranoside)-7-O-glucopyranoside ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryC508368.do

Besides, apigenin-7-O-glucoside was more effective compared to apigenin in reduction of cells viability and induction of cell ... Bioactive potential of apigenin derivative apigenin-7-O-glucoside related to its antifungal activity on Candida spp. and ... Compounds apigenin-7-O-glucoside and apigenin displayed prominent antifungal potential and cytotoxic effect on HCT116 cells. ... However, our results showed that apigenin-7-O-glucoside has more potent activity compared to apigenin in all assays that we ...

https://eldorado.tu-dortmund.de/handle/2003/36174

Apigenin has been suggested as a promising anticancer agent (1-14). In the present study, we found a new function of apigenin, ... The effects of apigenin on DR5 proteins in Jurkat cells. A, Jurkat cells were treated with various concentrations of apigenin ... Apigenin Induces DR5 Expression in Jurkat Cells. To explore the novel functions of apigenin, we first examined the proteins ... 2C, apigenin did not increase DR5 promoter activity. These results suggested that apigenin induces DR5 expression at the ...

http://mct.aacrjournals.org/content/5/4/945.full

Our results may elucidate a new mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of apigenin on cancer cells. (nih.gov)
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of apigenin, an anti-inflammatory flavonoid abundantly found in our diet, in endothelial cells during inflammation. (mdpi.com)
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of apigenin on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human melanoma cells A375P and A375SM. (spandidos-publications.com)
To assess possible effects of apigenin on migration of bladder smooth muscle (SM) cell, we isolated SM cells from peri-cancer tissue of human bladder and established a cell model that was capable to overexpress transiently MEKK1 (MEK kinase 1). (scielo.org.ar)
Our results show the novel effects of apigenin and raises the possibility that combined treatment with apigenin and TRAIL can be used as a promising strategy for the treatment of malignant tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
Like many other flavonoids, the in vitro anticancer effects of apigenin are represented by IC 50 or EC 50 values in the micromolar range, significantly higher than its in vivo concentration achievable after diet. (aspetjournals.org)
After isolating fibroblasts from human hypertrophic scars, we assess the effects of apigenin on fibroblast cell survival, apoptosis and migration. (aging-us.com)
Therefore, we investigated the effects of apigenin on geminin expression and other proteins involved in replication (Cdc6, Cdt1, and MCM7) in pancreatic cancer cell lines CD18 and S2013. (northwestern.edu)
3 There has been significant progress in studying the biological effects of apigenin at cellular and molecular levels as a chemopreventive agent. (biofoundations.org)
There are a number of biological effects of apigenin in numerous mammalian systems in vitro as well as in vivo, due to its low intrinsic toxicity and because of its striking effects on normal versus cancer cells. (biofoundations.org)

Additionally, the effect of apigenin on stratum corneum function in a murine subacute allergic contact dermatitis model was assessed with an MPA5 physiology monitor. (hindawi.com)
In the present study, in order to explore the potential mechanism and provide the references for further studies, we investigated the effect of apigenin at various dosages on the hepatic oxidative stress of male rats. (scirp.org)
Yang, J., Wang, X.Y., Xue, J., Gu, Z.L. and Xie, M.L. (2013) Protective Effect of Apigenin on Mouse Acute Liver Injury Induced by Acetaminophen Is Associated with Increment of Hepatic Glutathione Reduced Captivity. (scirp.org)
Further studies on the effect of apigenin in aged mouse muscle are needed to better understand the protective effect of apigenin on sarcopenia. (ergo-log.com)
Subsequently, the inhibitory effect of apigenin on tumor growth was investigated in vivo. (spandidos-publications.com)
Here, we study the effect of apigenin on motility, invasion, and its mechanism of action in metastatic prostate carcinoma cells (PC3-M). We found that apigenin inhibits PC3-M cell motility in a scratch-wound assay. (aacrjournals.org)
Expression of constitutively active Src blunts the effect of apigenin on cell motility and cytoskeleton remodeling. (aacrjournals.org)
In the present study, we examined the effect of apigenin on hypertrophic scar. (aging-us.com)
Here, we found that apigenin treatment also increased COX-2 mRNA stability, and the inhibitory effect of apigenin on UVB-induced luciferase reporter gene activity was dependent on the AU-rich element of the COX-2 3 -untranslated region. (ecu.edu)
However, the mechanism underlying the cancer prevention effect of apigenin remains to be defined. (grantome.com)
The effect of apigenin treatment on geminin promoter activity was measured by transient transfection of Hela cells with a reporter gene, demonstrating that apigenin inhibited geminin promoter activity. (northwestern.edu)

Apigenin is particularly abundant in the flowers of chamomile plants, constituting 68% of total flavonoids. (wikipedia.org)
Apigenin is one of the most bioactive naturally occurring flavonoids, found in fruits, plant-derived beverages, vegetables, wheat sprouts, and some seasonings. (novapublishers.com)
This book discusses the natural sources, pharmacology and role in cancer prevention of the flavonoids, apigenin and naringenin. (novapublishers.com)
Linarin (LA), luteolin (LE), chlorogenic acid (CA) and apigenin (AP) are four major flavonoids with various promising bioactivities found in Compositae (COP) species. (mdpi.com)
Hence, we studied two flavonoids, apigenin and luteolin exhibiting strong bio-activity in various test systems in cancer research and are readily available on the market. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, although some flavonoids are mutagenic ( 13 ), apigenin has no mutagenic activity ( 14 ). (aacrjournals.org)
A new study published in Molecular Nutrition and Food Research concluded that celery, artichokes, and herbs, especially Mexican oregano, all contain apigenin and luteolin, flavonoids that kill human pancreatic cancer cells in the lab by inhibiting an important enzyme. (holistichealthshow.com)
Previously, we have proposed that repeated shuffling of flavonoids through a duo recycling scheme involving both enteric and enterohepatic recycling is the reason for extensive metabolism of apigenin ( Liu and Hu, 2002 ). (aspetjournals.org)
Effects of the flavonoids quercetin and apigenin on haemostasis in healthy volunteers: results from an in vitro and a dietary supplement study. (wur.nl)
When you are anxious and need a little sedative help to sleep, the flavonoids apigenin and chrysin may be good supplements to try. (emediahealth.com)
RP-HPLC-DAD detrmination of flavonoids: separation of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin in Marchantia Convoluta', Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research , Volume 4(Number 3), pp. 175-181. (ac.ir)
Chen, X., Xiao, J. RP-HPLC-DAD detrmination of flavonoids: separation of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin in Marchantia Convoluta. (ac.ir)
The HPLC method showed an excellent performance in separating the flavonoids quercetin, luteolin and apigenin in Marchantia convoluta extracts, since the presence of interference has been previously evaluated and the mobile phase was chose carefully. (ac.ir)
Natural flavonoids such as apigenin have been shown to have the ability to improve the therapeutic efficacy of common chemotherapy agents through CSCs sensitization. (greenmedinfo.health)
Apigenin is one of the common dietary flavonoids, which is abundantly found in many fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs. (cimasci.com)

Li, X. Apigenin Restricts FMDV Infection and Inhibits Viral IRES Driven Translational Activity. (mdpi.com)
However, the mechanism by which apigenin inhibits cancer cells is not fully understood. (nih.gov)
Here, we demonstrate that apigenin inhibits proliferation and tumorigenesis of human ovarian cancer A2780 cells through Id1. (nih.gov)
These data show that apigenin inhibits TPA-mediated COX-2 expression by blocking signal transduction of Akt and that apigenin also blocks AA release, which may contribute to its chemopreventive activity. (nih.gov)
The results suggest that apigenin inhibits activation of MAPKs and thereby the cell migration. (scielo.org.ar)
Moreover, apigenin inhibits melanoma growth and metastatic potential in vivo by i.p. administration ( 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
They also said "Apigenin widely inhibits cell proliferation of vartious lung cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and the combination treatment of apigenin and antitumor drugsis very effective in human lung cancer cells, and Nrf2-ARE pathwaymay contribute to the mechanism. (holistichealthshow.com)
These results show that apigenin inhibits motility and invasion of prostate carcinoma cells, disrupts actin cytoskeleton organization, and inhibits FAK/Src signaling. (aacrjournals.org)
Apigenin fed by gavage inhibits prostate tumor xenograft growth in mice through up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor-3 ( 12 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Apigenin inhibits the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway in numerous cell types including prostate cancer cell lines ( 12 , 19 ), potentially by blocking the ATP binding site of phosphoinositide 3-kinase ( 26 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Wang H , Guo B , Lin S , Chang P , Tao K , . Apigenin inhibits growth and migration of fibroblasts by suppressing FAK signaling. (aging-us.com)
Our previous study suggested that one pathway by which apigenin inhibits UV-induced and basal COX-2 expression is through modulation of USF transcriptional activity in the 5 upstream region of the COX-2 gene. (ecu.edu)
Our preliminary studies demonstrated that apigenin inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. (grantome.com)
We hypothesize that apigenin inhibits ovarian tumor growth and angiogenesis by inhibiting ROS production and PI3K/AKT signaling in the cancer cells. (grantome.com)
Specific Aim 2 is designed to determine whether apigenin inhibits ovarian tumorigenesis and angiogenesis, and whether PI3K and AKT are essential downstream molecules inhibited by apigenin for affecting ovarian tumor growth and angiogenesis. (grantome.com)
Apigenin inhibits osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and also prevents bone loss. (cimasci.com)
Apigenin inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts from RAW264.7 cell lines and then inhibits the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts. (cimasci.com)
Apigenin, an antitumor flavonoid, inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro. (northwestern.edu)

Apigenin, a naturally occurring plant flavone, abundantly present in common fruits and vegetables, is recognized as a bioactive flavonoid shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. (nih.gov)
Apigenin is a naturally occurring plant flavone that exhibits strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. (hindawi.com)
Apigenin, a nonmutagenic flavonoid, has been shown to possess free radical scavenging activities, anticarcinogenic properties, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. (scielo.org.ar)
Previous studies have indicated that apigenin exhibits several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects ( 11 - 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Taken together, these findings suggest that apigenin, which is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties, stimulates hair growth through downregulation of the TGF-β1 gene. (forumandco.com)
Nevertheless, preliminary research on apigenin has observed potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. (selfhacked.com)
The naturally occurring compound apigenin has many biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anticancer effects. (aging-us.com)
Apigenin-7-diglucuronide is a flavonoid glycoside and is present in an assortment of medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory or ant-oxidant activities. (kamera-check.de)
Because apigenin is an antioxidant, these foods may have anti-inflammatory properties. (healthline.com)
Kolaviron, resveratrol, vernodalin, vernodalol, and apigenin are natural phytochemicals with proven anti-inflammatory and therapeutic properties that could extenuate the adverse effects of COVID-19. (intechopen.com)
Apigenin can reduce liver injury caused by oxidative stress due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. (cimasci.com)

Apigenin has been shown to inhibit cell growth, sensitize cancer cells to elimination by apoptosis, and hinder the development of blood vessels to serve the growing tumor. (nih.gov)
Here, we show that apigenin reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis by decreasing ROS production and the activity of caspase-3 in endothelial cells. (mdpi.com)
In addition, increased apoptosis rate following treatment with apigenin was confirmed by Annexin V‑propidium iodide staining. (spandidos-publications.com)
Overall, the findings of the present study indicated that apigenin attenuated the growth of A375SM melanoma cells by inducing apoptosis via regulating the Akt and mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
In this study, we investigated the functional role of Akt and c- jun -NH 2 -kinase (JNK) signaling cascades in apigenin-induced apoptosis in U937 human leukemia cells and anti-leukemic activity of apigenin in vivo . (aacrjournals.org)
Apigenin induced apoptosis by inactivation of Akt with a concomitant activation of JNK, Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 downregulation, cytochrome c release from mitochondria, and activation of caspases. (aacrjournals.org)
Constitutively active myristolated Akt prevented apigenin-induced JNK, caspase activation, and apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
Conversely, LY294002 and a dominant-negative construct of Akt potentiated apigenin-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Interruption of the JNK pathway showed marked reduction in apigenin-induced caspase activation and apoptosis in leukemia cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Cytotoxic potential of apigenin-7-O-glucoside was tested on colon cancer HCT116 cells by measuring cell viability, apoptosis rate and apoptosis- and colon cancer-related gene expression. (tu-dortmund.de)
In this report, we show for the first time that apigenin markedly induces the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) and synergistically acts with exogenous soluble recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to induce apoptosis in malignant tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Furthermore, human recombinant DR5/Fc chimera protein and caspase inhibitors dramatically inhibit apoptosis induced by the combination of apigenin and TRAIL. (aacrjournals.org)
Moreover, apigenin does not sensitize normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
Apigenin induces growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in various types of human malignant tumor cells including breast cancer ( 7 ), prostate cancer ( 8 ), colon cancer ( 9 ), and leukemic cells ( 10 ). (aacrjournals.org)
In this study, we show for the first time that apigenin up-regulates DR5 expression and synergistically enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in various types of malignant tumor cells, but not in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). (aacrjournals.org)
Moreover, apigenin caused cell death in both cell lines leading to significant toxicity and dominantly to apoptosis. (springer.com)
Bai H, Jin H, Yang F, Zhu H, Cai J (2014) Apigenin induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis-associated reactive oxygen species. (springer.com)
Considering our results that apigenin alleviated apoptosis and autophagy, promoted cell proliferation in HBMVECs of OGD/R and improved neovascularization, ameliorated neurological function, and reduced cerebral infarction volume to play an important role in protecting brain tissue from ischemia/reperfusion injury via the Caveolin-1/VEGF pathway. (kamera-check.de)
Molecular targets for apigenin-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cell xenograft. (hellobio.com)
PLGA encapsulated apigenin nanoparticles cause mitochondrial apoptosis and even DNA targeting could be achieved in skin cancer. (westminster.ac.uk)
Apigenin plays an essential role in cancer prevention by inducing apoptosis in various cell lines. (cimasci.com)
It was found that apigenin in low content had a low cytotoxic effect and could not induce human acute myeloid leukemia (hl-60) cells to apoptosis effectively. (cimasci.com)
Low concentrations of apigenin can also reduce the resistance of hl-60 cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, which may be related to the down-regulation of NF-κB and BCL-2. (cimasci.com)

The TPA-induced release of AA from HaCaT cells was also inhibited by cell treatment with apigenin. (nih.gov)
Breakdown of C. albicans plasma membrane was achieved upon treatment with apigenin-7-O-glucoside for shorter period of time then with apigenin. (tu-dortmund.de)
These results suggest that this combined treatment with apigenin and TRAIL might be promising as a new therapy against malignant tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
Similar to the level of autophagy, the expression levels of adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Unc‑51 like autophagy activating kinase‑1 were downregulated after chronic restraint stress stimulation and, subsequently upregulated following treatment with apigenin. (spandidos-publications.com)
After the treatment with apigenin, we observed changes in cell morphology in a dose- (10 to 100 μM) and time-dependent manner. (springer.com)
In addition, treatment with apigenin also significantly increased the proliferation of both SV40T-DPCs (human DPCs) and HaCaT cells . (forumandco.com)

Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), found in many plants, is a natural product belonging to the flavone class that is the aglycone of several naturally occurring glycosides. (wikipedia.org)
Apigenin is biosynthetically derived from the general phenylpropanoid pathway and the flavone synthesis pathway. (wikipedia.org)
The natural flavone apigenin is known to have chemopreventive properties against many cancers, including prostate cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
Apigenin (4′, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone) is a nontoxic and nonmutagenic flavone present in fruits and leafy vegetables. (aacrjournals.org)
Apigenin is a naturally occurring plant flavone with prominent antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. (westminster.ac.uk)
Apigenin is a natural product under the flavone class which is present in many plants. (mcwdn.org)

Apigenin is able to reduce cancer cell glucose uptake, inhibit remodeling of the extracellular matrix, inhibit cell adhesion molecules that participate in cancer progression, and oppose chemokine signaling pathways that direct the course of metastasis into other locations. (nih.gov)
Apigenin is a plant flavonoid mostly used to inhibit ornithine decarboxylase activity and skin tumor. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Results show that apigenin can inhibit FMDV-mediated cytopathogenic effect and FMDV replication in vitro . (mdpi.com)
Chemical inhibitors of MEK (PD98059), p38 (SB202190), but not JNK (SP600125) blocked TPA induction of COX-2 although apigenin did not inhibit TPA-mediated COX-2 expression through these pathways. (nih.gov)
Recently, apigenin was also shown to inhibit the motility and invasiveness of carcinoma cells in vitro ( 4 , 5 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Apigenin thus appears to inhibit the growth and migration of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by inhibiting FAK signaling. (aging-us.com)
According to one 2010 study , apigenin may inhibit growth in HER2 breast cancer cells. (healthline.com)
Dr. Birt investigated whether realistic levels of the dietary flavonoid apigenin can inhibit. (aicr.org)
Apigenin can inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. (cimasci.com)
Some studies related to the MC3T3-E1, an osteoblast precursor cell line derived from Mus musculus (mouse) calvaria, found that apigenin can inhibit the TNF-α, IFN-γ, and then induced the secretion of several cytokines that promote osteoclast formation. (cimasci.com)

Furthermore, in vivo administration of apigenin resulted in attenuation of tumor growth in U937 xenografts accompanied by inactivation of Akt and activation of JNK. (aacrjournals.org)
Attenuation of tumor growth in U937 xenografts by apigenin raises the possibility that apigenin may have clinical implications and can be further tested for incorporating in leukemia treatment regimens. (aacrjournals.org)
In 2011, studies conducted by University of Missouri researchers found that a natural compound called apigenin, which is found in celery, parsley, and apples, could reduce the incidence of tumor growth in women receiving hormone replacement therapy. (healthcanal.com)
Researchers found that the mice that ingested apigenin through their diets were found to have a higher incidence of tumor growth. (healthcanal.com)
They found that tumors grew in the mice not given apigenin, while tumor growth actually decreased and the tumors were smaller in the mice given apigenin. (huffpost.com)
This work will identify new signaling molecules inhibited by apigenin, reveal mechanism of apigenin in inhibiting ovarian tumor growth and angiogenesis, and help to establish rational strategies for ovarian cancer prevention using apigenin in the future. (grantome.com)

Abstract: The efficacy of dietary apigenin, a dietary flavonoid, in colon cancer prevention was investigated by evaluating the inhibition of the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and the for. (encognitive.com)

Apigenin is found in many fruits and vegetables, but parsley, celery, celeriac, and chamomile tea are the most common sources. (wikipedia.org)
The apigenin content of fresh parsley is reportedly 215.5 mg/100 grams, which is much higher than the next highest food source, green celery hearts providing 19.1 mg/100 grams. (wikipedia.org)
The naturally occurring glycosides formed by the combination of apigenin with sugars include: Apiin (apigenin 7-O-apioglucoside), isolated from parsley and celery Apigetrin (apigenin 7-glucoside), found in dandelion coffee Vitexin (apigenin 8-C-glucoside) Isovitexin (apigenin 6-C-glucosid) Rhoifolin (apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside) Schaftoside (apigenin 6-C-glucoside 8-C-arabinoside) Amentoflavone Merck Index, 11th Edition, 763. (wikipedia.org)
The flavonoid apigenin is found in parsley, celery, chamomile and citrus fruits. (ergo-log.com)
However, researchers are not sure if results are due to the apigenin or if it works in coperation with other compounds found in celery. (holistichealthshow.com)
A new study published online in Hormones and Cancer concluded that apigenin, extracted from celery, parsley and many other natural sources, is effective against human breast cancer cells that had been influenced by a certain chemical, progestin, used in hormone replacement therapy. (holistichealthshow.com)
Apigenin is one of the most common flavonoid compounds that are widely distributed in Chinese herbs, such as duckweed and celery ( 9 , 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
LONDON (Reuters) - Eating foods like celery and parsley which contain the naturally occurring flavanoid apigenin may help prevent leukemia, Dutch scientists said Thursday. (i2p.com.au)
Previous studies have shown that apigenin, which is found in celery, parsley, red wine, tomato sauce and other plant-based foods, may also be beneficial in protecting against ovarian cancer. (i2p.com.au)
Those three veggies [artichokes, celery, parsley], essentials of the Mediterranean Diet, are loaded with apigenin, an inflammation fighter that kills cancer cells. (makesimpleveganmeals.com)
Celery Seed Extract contains Apigenin, which is helpful to lower blood pressure and blood fat and improve blood circulation. (herbalextractsupplier.com)
However, One of the most frequent sources of apigenin is celery (Apium graveolens), a marsh plant in the family of Apiaceae that has been cultivated as a vegetable since antiquity. (cimasci.com)
Apigenin is the most extracted nutrient in celery, containing 108 mg apigenin per kg. (cimasci.com)
Send Inquiry Description Celery Seed Extract for gout with health benefits Certificate Of Analysis Test Specifications Result Assay by HPLC: ≥98% apigenin 98. (gimpguru.org)

Prince Vijeya Singh, J., Selvendiran, K., Mumtaz Banu, S., Padmavathi, R. and Sakthisekaran, D. (2004) Protective Role of Apigenin on the Status of Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Defense against Hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar Albino Rats. (scirp.org)
Researchers published a similar study last year in the journal Cancer Prevention Research , also looking at the role of apigenin in progestin-related breast cancer tumors in mice. (huffpost.com)
A team of researchers led by Dr. Gwonhwa SongIn at Korea University in Seoul tested the role of apigenin for the potential treatment of endometriosis using two well-established human endometriosis cell lines grown in the laboratory. (endonews.com)

We do know that apigenin slowed the progression of human breast cancer cells in three ways: by inducing cell death, by inhibiting cell proliferation, and by reducing expression of a gene associated with cancer growth," study researcher Salman Hyder, a professor of biomedical sciences at the College of Veterinary Medicine and the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center at the University of Missouri, said in a statement . (huffpost.com)
When they treated the cells with apigenin, the researchers saw that cell proliferation was reduced, and the cell cycle was arrested. (endonews.com)
However, apigenin can enhance the inhibitory effect of cisplatin (DDP) on hl-60 cell proliferation while combining with different concentrations of DDP. (cimasci.com)

Apigenin's structural formula is very similar to compounds like quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin, but apparently apigenin has a different effect in the body than those related substances. (ergo-log.com)
When the Koreans screened apigenin, hesperetin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin and quercetin for possible anabolic qualities using an in vitro assay for possible anabolic properties, only apigenin appeared to be a promising candidate. (ergo-log.com)
This work was designed, therefore, to develop an HPLC-DAD system to separate quercetin, luteolin and apigenin and to quantify them in extractive solutions from Marchantia convoluta. (ac.ir)
The HPLC system was operated at ambient temperature (28±1°C). The method showed linearity for quercetin, luteolin and apigenin in the range 2.0-20.8, 2.2-24.0 and 1.6-20.0 ?g/ml respectively, and the R.S.D. of the slope of the three lines was, respectively, 0.33%, 1.21% and 2.49% for quercetin, luteolin and apigenin. (ac.ir)
The recoveries were 95.92-98.10%, 92.18-95.13% and 98.72-103.19% for quercetin, luteolin and apigenin respectively. (ac.ir)
Synergistic interactions of apigenin, naringin, quercetin and emodin on inhibition of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and pancreas lipase activity. (semanticscholar.org)
The interactions of four natural compounds including apigenin, naringin, emodin and quercetin were investigated on inhibiting 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and pancreas lipase activity. (semanticscholar.org)

chamomile extract pure 98% Apigenin CA. (lookchem.com)
In a clinical trial on 57 people with generalized anxiety disorder, a German chamomile extract standardized to 1.2% apigenin reduced anxiety symptoms. (selfhacked.com)
If you're looking for the apigenin powder chamomile extract for anticancer to live healthier, NATURAL FIELD, one of the leading manufacturers and suppliers of various supplements, must be your best choice. (nfnutra.com)

Apigenin is a common dietary flavonoid with considerable cytotoxic activity in vitro and in vivo. (elsevier.com)
The apigenin of solid dispersion of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (AP-MSN) was prepared by physical absorption method and also, in-vitro drug release and in-vivo bioavailability performance were evaluated. (ac.ir)
Stability studies revealed that captopril has been stable for 6 hours at room temperature, three freeze-thaw cycles, and at least 120 days at −40 �C. Conclusion: The developed LC-MS/MS method is valid to evaluate captopril in present of apigenin in vitro and meet the requirement of linearity, accuracy, selectivity, precision, matrix effect, and stability according to EMEA 2011. (uhamka.ac.id)

Dried parsley can contain about 45 mg/gram and dried chamomile flower about 3-5 mg/gram apigenin. (wikipedia.org)
Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) is a flavonoid found in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs, the most abundant sources being the leafy herb parsley and dried flowers of chamomile. (nih.gov)
Apigenin, a natural plant compound found in parsley, apples, and grapes could be a potential new treatment for endometriosis. (endonews.com)
Apigenin is a compound found in several fruits and vegetables such as parsley, apples, and grapes. (endonews.com)
The highest source of apigenin is found in parsley and chamomile. (biofoundations.org)
Parsley has the largest content of Apigenin than any other vegetable, fruit or herb. (biofoundations.org)

These results suggest that apigenin could be used as a functional food to prevent muscle loss and enhance muscle function. (ergo-log.com)
These results suggest that Apigenin may enhance the responsiveness of breast cancer patients to the anticancer effects of Doxorubicin including those with the more aggressive, hormone-independent form of the disease. (aacrjournals.org)

Chuang, C.M., Monie, A., Wu, A. and Hung, C.F. (2009) Combination of Apigenin Treatment with Therapeutic HPV DNA Vaccination Generates Enhanced Therapeutic Antitumor Effects. (scirp.org)
Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of apigenin with cisplatin on CD44(+) PCa stem cell growth and migration. (greenmedinfo.health)

Total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLO) in apigenin treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P (scirp.org)
LY294002 also attenuated the increase in Nrf2 protein by apigenin in high glucose-treated HK-2 cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
Apigenin, according to the Koreans, triggered anabolic pathways by activating the enzyme protein arginine methyltransferase-7 [Prmt7]. (ergo-log.com)
The results demonstrated that the protein expression levels of Bcl‑2 were decreased, whereas those of Bax, cleaved poly ADP‑ribose polymerase, cleaved caspase‑9 and p53 were upregulated in a dose‑dependent manner in apigenin‑treated cells compared with those noted in untreated cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, in apigenin‑treated A375P cells, phosphorylated (p)‑p38 was upregulated and p‑extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK), p‑c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and p‑protein kinase B (Akt) were downregulated. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, in A375SM cells, apigenin treatment increased p‑ERK and p‑JNK and decreased p‑p38 and p‑Akt protein expression levels. (spandidos-publications.com)
Treatment of cells with apigenin decreased both retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation at Ser780 and Ser807/811 and total Rb protein in dose- and time- dependent fashion. (aacrjournals.org)
Despite activation of MAPK pathway, apigenin caused a significant decrease in cyclin D1 protein expression, an effect that occurred simultaneously with the loss of Rb phosphorylation and inhibition of cell cycle progression. (aacrjournals.org)
This provides a possible mechanism by which apigenin can cause modulation in MAPK pathways and inhibition in Akt and Rb protein phosphorylation at multiple sites along with decrease in cyclin D1 causing arrest of cells in the G1→S phase transition. (aacrjournals.org)
Exposure to UVB strongly increased COX-2 protein expression in mouse 308 keratinocytes, and this induction was inhibited by apigenin, a nonmutagenic bioflavonoid that has been shown to prevent mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by both chemical carcinogens and UV exposure. (ecu.edu)
Furthermore, we identified two RNA-binding proteins, HuR and the T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen 1-related protein (TIAR), which were associated with endogenous COX-2 mRNA in 308 keratinocytes, and apigenin treatment increased their localization to cell cytoplasm. (ecu.edu)
Suppression of protein kinase C and nuclear oncogene expression as possible molecular mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by apigenin and curcumin. (hellobio.com)
Among MCV protein, LT protein only is sufficient because of this procedure but MCV little Apigenin pontent inhibitor Apigenin pontent inhibitor T (sT) proteins works as an accessories factor that significantly increases the effectiveness of MCV source firing [3]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
Real time RT-PCR and western blotting analysis showed that geminin expression is downregulated by apigenin at both mRNA and protein levels. (northwestern.edu)
Apigenin treatment also resulted in downregulation of Cdc6 at both mRNA and protein levels. (northwestern.edu)
The captopril and apigenin were extracted from rat plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. (uhamka.ac.id)

However, whether topical applications of apigenin, a constituent of chrysanthemum extract, influence cutaneous inflammation is still unclear. (hindawi.com)
Two clinical trials testing an apigenin-containing extract on the same population and some animal and cell-based research are insufficient to support the use of apigenin for anxiety and depression until more clinical research is conducted. (selfhacked.com)

While its full effects in humans have been barely figured out, there is some preliminary evidence that apigenin can help calm nerves, provide antioxidant effects, and even help fight cancer. (selfhacked.com)
Apigenin is an antioxidant compound that naturally occurs in plants. (selfhacked.com)
Improving the solubility of apigenin is crucial, various formulation approaches have recently been employed e.g., nanocrystals have increased dissolution rate and antioxidant activity, while polymeric micelles increased the solubility to 148 times higher than that crude apigenin and showed enhanced cytotoxicity on hepatoma cells. (westminster.ac.uk)

Collectively, these findings indicate that the dietary compound apigenin stabilizes mitochondrial function during inflammation preventing endothelial cell damage and thus provide new translational opportunities for the use of dietary components in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. (mdpi.com)

Microarray analysis identified geminin to be downregulated in pancreatic cancer cells treated with apigenin. (northwestern.edu)

Finally, the researchers found that apigenin led to the accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species inside the cells, which are toxic to the cells, lipid peroxidation, or the oxidative degradation of fat molecules, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. (endonews.com)

Taken together, these results indicate that in addition to transcriptional regulation, another mechanism by which apigenin prevents COX-2 expression is through mediating TIAR suppression of translation. (ecu.edu)
Furthermore, treatment of cells with proteosome inhibitor MG132 reversed the downregulation of geminin by apigenin, supporting our hypothesis that the degradation pathway is another mechanism by which apigenin affects geminin expression. (northwestern.edu)

The mechanism might be that apigenin blocks signal transmission from MEKK1 to MAPKs. (scielo.org.ar)
Taken together, this study provides an insight into the molecular mechanism of apigenin in modulating various tyrosine kinases and perturbs cell cycle progression, suggesting its future development and use as anticancer agent in humans. (aacrjournals.org)
Specific Aim 1 is designed to identify the mechanism of apigenin in inhibiting PI3K and AKT signaling in ovarian cancer cells. (grantome.com)
Pharmacological experiments have proved that apigenin has an apparent protective effect on alcohol-induced liver/hepatocyte injury, and its primary mechanism is related to the inhibition of CYP2E1 expression in the liver/hepatocyte. (cimasci.com)

Inhibition of Nrf2 using small interfering RNA (siRNA), or cotreatment with LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt, abolished the protective effect on high glucose-induced injury, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines production by apigenin. (greenmedinfo.com)
Apigenin is a nonmutagenic bioflavonoid that has been shown to be an inhibitor of mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by the two-stage regimen of initiation and promotion with dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). (nih.gov)
In contrast, an organic anion transporter (OAT) inhibitor estrone sulfate only inhibited excretion of apigenin sulfate. (aspetjournals.org)
Use of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and MEK1/2 inhibitor induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation albeit at different levels and did not contribute to cell cycle arrest in comparison to apigenin treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
Apigenin is a potent inhibitor of glucosyltransferases and tt -farnesol affects the membrane integrity of Streptococcus mutans . (oup.com)
MCV from tumors also have LT gene mutations Apigenin pontent inhibitor that certainly are a central feature of MCV-driven human being tumor development [13]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
LT normally binds Apigenin pontent inhibitor a particular site in the viral replication source and initiates DNA replication through its C-terminal helicase site. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
restorative self-reporting For restorative self-monitoring, HeLa tumor-bearing mice were Apigenin enzyme inhibitor intravenously injected with [email protected], [email protected] or [email protected] (2.5 mg kg-1 CPT equiv. (azd6482.com)

Apigenin and luteolin prevented MMP1-induced FAK activation, but not constitutive FAK phosphorylation. (frontiersin.org)
Our data indicated that apigenin inhibited significantly activation/phosphorylation of MAPKs and migration of hBSM cells induced by MEKK1 overexpression. (scielo.org.ar)
Apigenin treatment caused an increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. (aacrjournals.org)
This was accompanied by a loss of RNA polymerase II phosphorylation, suggesting the effectiveness of apigenin in inhibiting transcription of these proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
Additionally, apigenin decreases activation of FAK and Src, and phosphorylation of Src substrates FAK Y576/577 and Y925. (aacrjournals.org)
By inhibiting FAK kinase activity and FAK phosphorylation, apigenin also inhibited activation of the FAK signaling pathway. (aging-us.com)

Moreover, in comparison with the vehicle treatment, topical apigenin treatment significantly reduced transepidermal water loss, lowered skin surface pH, and increased stratum corneum hydration in a subacute murine allergic contact dermatitis model. (hindawi.com)
T-AOC, CAT and GSH-Px in apigenin treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P (scirp.org)
The quadriceps of the mice that received apigenin were significantly larger than those of the mice in the control group. (ergo-log.com)
Tumor volume was significantly reduced in the 25 and 50 mg/kg apigenin‑treated groups compared with the control group. (spandidos-publications.com)
Inhibitors of multidrug resistance-related proteins (MRPs) such as leukotriene C 4 and MK-571, which inhibited glucuronidation of apigenin at a high concentration (≥25 μM), significantly decreased excretion of both apigenin conjugates, and higher concentrations of MK-571 increased the extent of inhibition. (aspetjournals.org)
The expression levels of LC3‑II/I and p62 indicated that the significantly inhibited autophagy level induced by chronic restraint stress can be increased following apigenin treatment. (spandidos-publications.com)
after ONC was significantly higher than that in all of the single treatment groups and the number of TUNEL positive cells was considerably reduced and the amount of Distance-43 immunopositive axons was considerably higher than those in the PBS Apigenin price group. (lecollege.org)
6.63/mm2 in the retina without any Apigenin price treatment, which was less than the 2280 significantly? (lecollege.org)
Apigenin significantly increased the inhibitory effects of cisplatin on cell migration via downregulation of Snail expression. (greenmedinfo.health)
Microarray-based mRNA expressions of genes of diverse biological functions (signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, ubiquitination, autophagy, metabolic activity, xenobiotic detoxification and microtubule formation) significantly predicted responsiveness of tumor cells to apigenin. (elsevier.com)

It has been suggested that apigenin may be protective in other diseases that are affected by oxidative process, such as cardiovascular and neurological disorders, although more research needs to be conducted in this regard. (nih.gov)
In high-dose AP group (AP, 936 mg/kg·bw), apigenin can result in the reduction of T-AOC, thus leading to the oxidative damage of liver tissues. (scirp.org)
Apigenin protects renal tubular epithelial cells against high glucose-induced injury through suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. (greenmedinfo.com)
Apigenin Protects Against Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury and Oxidative Stress by High Glucose via Regulation of NF-E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Pathway. (greenmedinfo.com)
Apigenin suppressed oxidative stress and increased mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1. (greenmedinfo.com)
Cytotoxicity of apigenin towards cancer cells was evaluated by MTT assay whereas further genotoxic and oxidative stress parameters were measured by comet and lipid peroxidation assays, respectively. (springer.com)
Furthermore, apigenin proved to be genotoxic towards the selected cancer cells with a potential to induce oxidative damage to lipids. (springer.com)
Apigenin acts on the hippocampus (memory centre of the brain) and prevents such oxidative damage caused by high-calorie diets. (kamera-check.de)

The levels of luteolin and apigenin in plasma, urine, feces, and bile were measured by HPLC after deconjugation with hydrochloric acid or β-glucuronidase/sulfatase. (forumandco.com)

We also found that apigenin induces myogenic differentiation by regulating Prmt7-p38-myoD and the Akt-S6K1 pathway in C2C12 cells. (ergo-log.com)
Collectively, the present findings indicated that apigenin potentially promotes autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway and induces antidepressive effects in chronic restraint stress mice. (spandidos-publications.com)

In cells treated with TPA and apigenin, the inhibition of COX-2 expression correlated with inhibition of Akt kinase activation. (nih.gov)
Apigenin-mediated inhibition of TPA-induced COX-2 expression was reversed by transient transfection with constitutively active Akt (CA-Akt). (nih.gov)
We will analyze the upstream signaling molecules including ROS and EGFR that are inhibited by apigenin leading to the inhibition of PI3K and AKT in the cells. (grantome.com)
Apigenin also inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipose precursor cells into adipocytes strongly, therefore inhibiting the differentiation attendant inhibition adipocyte differentiation-induced IL-6, MCP-1, lectin product. (cimasci.com)
Moreover, apigenin inhibited not only P-glycoprotein but also BCRP by increasing cellular uptake of doxorubicin and synergistic inhibition of cell viability in combination with doxorubicin or docetaxel in multidrug-resistant cells. (elsevier.com)
In conclusion, apigenin's activity is not hampered by classical mechanisms of multidrug resistance and the inhibition of ABC transporters by apigenin indicates that apigenin may overcome multidrug resistance in otherwise refractory tumors. (elsevier.com)

Together, these results suggest that topical application of apigenin could provide an alternative regimen for the treatment of dermatitis. (hindawi.com)
The topical application of apigenin in mice decreases the number and size of tumors in the skin induced by chemical carcinogens ( 2 ) or by UV exposure in vivo ( 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Treatment with both compounds resulted in chromatin condensation, apoptotic bodies formation and apoptotic genes expression in HCT116 cells, but the apigenin-7-O-glucoside required a lower concentration to achieve the same effect. (tu-dortmund.de)
Compounds apigenin-7-O-glucoside and apigenin displayed prominent antifungal potential and cytotoxic effect on HCT116 cells. (tu-dortmund.de)
A chemical analysis revealed several apigenin derivatives among its active compounds [ 8 ]. (selfhacked.com)
In fact, the flavonoid is so brain-boosting that a recent study by scientists in Rio de Janeiro says apigenin compounds could be developed for preventing and treating neurodegenerative disorders. (kamera-check.de)
The application claims the use of apigenin and related compounds for stimulating adult neurogenesis and for the treatment of neurological diseases, disorders and injuries, by stimulating the generation of neuronal cells in the adult brain. (kamera-check.de)
In germ-free rats, A7G metabolites dominated by apigenin and as conjugates were mainly excreted with feces, in contrast, the compounds in HMA rats were predominantly recovered from urine, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid being the main metabolite. (toyama-wakan.net)
Two of 11 compounds, apigenin and ethaverine hydrochloride, reproducibly blocked multiple cytokines induced hyperpermeability. (arvojournals.org)

The researchers added apigenin to the feed of two groups of male C57BL/6 mice. (ergo-log.com)
The animals that had received apigenin performed better than the mice in the control group. (ergo-log.com)
We found that apigenin increases quadriceps muscle weight in mice and increases their running distance on an accelerating treadmill", the researchers summarized. (ergo-log.com)
Later one group of the MPA treated mice were treated with apigenin and another was not. (holistichealthshow.com)
Cancerous tumors grew rapidly in mice not receiving apigenin. (holistichealthshow.com)
However, the mice that ingested apigenin began metabolizing it-which seemed to aggravate the situation causing very aggressive growth of mammary tumors. (healthcanal.com)
The present study aimed to investigate whether apigenin elicits antidepressant effects in depressant‑like mice via the regulation of autophagy. (spandidos-publications.com)
Male BALB/c mice were subjected to restraint stress for 6 h/day for a period of 21 days, and deficits in sucrose preference, tail suspension and forced swim tests were confirmed to be improved following oral apigenin. (spandidos-publications.com)
Conversely, the levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were increased in chronic restraint stress mice and inhibited by apigenin. (spandidos-publications.com)
Blood vessels responsible for feeding cancer cells also had smaller diameters in apigenin-treated mice compared to untreated mice," Hyder added. (huffpost.com)
Then, researchers gave apigenin to some of the mice that were treated with the MPA. (huffpost.com)
Apigenin improved depression caused by cortisol treatments in mice [ 3 ]. (selfhacked.com)
In mice, topical apigenin improved skin permeability barrier function by promoting skin cell growth and the production of fatty molecules and antimicrobial proteins. (selfhacked.com)
In obese mice that were fed a high-fat diet , an apigenin supplement lowered fatty acids, total cholesterol , and other obesity indicators [ 9 ]. (selfhacked.com)
Apigenin increased NAD+ levels and benefitted glucose and fat regulation in obese mice [ 10 ]. (selfhacked.com)
A small trial testing an apigenin-containing beverage and 2 studies in mice cannot be considered sufficient evidence to claim that apigenin helps with weight loss. (selfhacked.com)

Dietary flavonoid apigenin is expected to have preventive and therapeutic potential against malignant tumors. (aacrjournals.org)

The natural flavonoid apigenin sensitizes human CD44(+) prostate cancer stem cells to cisplatin therapy. (greenmedinfo.health)

You may not have heard about this once obscure bioflavonoid, but a quick internet search will reveal that apigenin is poised to become a well-recognized and popular nutrient. (swansonvitamins.com)
Apigenin is a powerful bioflavonoid that is found naturally within a variety of herbal ingredients - primarily in chamomile. (kamera-check.de)
Apigenin is a nontoxic bioflavonoid compound from plants and vegetables. (grantome.com)

Both Apigenin and Doxorubicin inhibited the growth of all the breast cancer cell lines in the micromolar range as determined by the Alamar Blue™ reduction assay. (aacrjournals.org)
Besides, apigenin-7-O-glucoside was more effective compared to apigenin in reduction of cell's viability and induction of cell death of HCT116 cells. (tu-dortmund.de)
Interestingly, apigenin caused a marked reduction in cyclin D1, D2 and E and their regulatory partners CDK 2, 4 and 6 which are operative in G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle. (aacrjournals.org)
More importantly, reduction of HuR levels by small interfering RNA inhibited apigenin-mediated stabilization of COX-2 mRNA. (ecu.edu)

Apigenin, a dietary plant flavonoid has shown anti-proliferative and anticancer properties. (aacrjournals.org)

To investigate potential anticancer properties of apigenin on human breast cancer, ER-positive MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA MB-231 cells were used. (springer.com)

Evidence for activation of mutated p53 by apigenin in human pancreatic cancer. (kamera-check.de)
In conclusion, our studies demonstrated that geminin is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer and downregulated by apigenin which may contribute to the antitumor effect of this natural flavonoid. (northwestern.edu)

Finally, a flavanone synthase (FNS) enzyme oxidizes naringenin to apigenin. (wikipedia.org)
At high doses, apigenin blocks the cortisol-producing enzyme CYP11 B1 [ 4 , 5 ]. (selfhacked.com)

Obtained results indicated considerable antifungal activity of apigenin-7-O-glucoside towards all Candida isolates. (tu-dortmund.de)
Evidence indicates that the antidepressant activity of apigenin is partly related to the upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression levels ( 14 , 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Luteolin and apigenin are two major bioactive components in vivo when CME is orally administrated to experimental animal. (forumandco.com)
The present paper shows the study of the absorption and excretion of luteolin and apigenin in rats after a single oral dose of CME (200 mg/kg). (forumandco.com)
The results showed that the plasma concentrations of luteolin and apigenin reached the highest peak level at 1.1 and 3.9 h after dosing, respectively. (forumandco.com)
The area under the concentration−time curves (AUC) for luteolin and apigenin were 23.03 and 237.6 μg h mL-1, respectively. (forumandco.com)
The cumulative luteolin and apigenin excreted in the bile was 2.05% and 6.34% of the dose, respectively. (forumandco.com)

Bioactive potential of apigenin derivative apigenin-7-O-glucoside related to its antifungal activity on Candida spp. (tu-dortmund.de)
and cytotoxic effect on colon cancer cells was studied and compared with bioactive potential of apigenin. (tu-dortmund.de)

Apigenin, a common dietary flavonoid, has been shown to possess anti-tumor properties. (nih.gov)

For this reason, the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract is exposed to higher concentrations of apigenin than tissues at other locations. (nih.gov)

Enhanced Solubility and Bioavailability of Apigenin via Preparation of Solid Dispersions of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles', Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research , 18(1), pp. 168-182. (ac.ir)
In this study, a novel mesoporous silica nanoparticles drug carrier contributes to improving the solubility, dissolution, and the oral bioavailability of apigenin (AP). (ac.ir)
1) Laura Hanske, Gunnar Loh, Silke Sczesny, Michael Blaut, Annett Braune, The bioavailability of apigenin-7-glucoside is influenced by human intestinal microbiota in rats. (toyama-wakan.net)

Apigenin suppresses the development of endometriosis through activation of integrated intracellular signaling pathways. (endonews.com)
The researchers found that apigenin induces programmed cell death in these endometriosis cells via biological pathways called the ERK1/2, JNK, and AKT pathways. (endonews.com)

Apigenin: a promising molecule for cancer prevention. (nih.gov)
Apigenin and Naringenin: Natural Sources, Pharmacology and Role in Cancer Prevention New York, USA Nova Science Publishers. (westminster.ac.uk)

It is believed that apigenin may work by reducing the possibility of cancerous tumors growtrh by decreasing the vascular endothelial and decreasing the glucose uptake-minimizing the cycle of cancer cell formation in the pancreas. (holistichealthshow.com)
However, in the group receiving apigenin, cancer cell growth dropped to the level of the control group and their tumors shrank. (holistichealthshow.com)
A new study shows that when the supplement apigenin is ingested in a diet at the same concentration as subjects received during IV injections in previous studies-the benefits were reversed leading to a higher incidence of cancerous tumors in subjects receiving progestin. (healthcanal.com)
Researchers from the University of Missouri found that apigenin seems to have an effect on certain kinds of breast cancer tumors associated with the hormone progestin (given along with estrogen to women as part of hormone replacement therapy for menopause, and is known to increase the risk of breast cancer ). (huffpost.com)

Anatomy20

Organisms24

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs105

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes38

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Health Care2

Increase in wild-type p53 stability and transactivational activity by the chemopreventive agent apigenin in keratinocytes. (1/264)

Endogenous protein kinase CK2 participates in Wnt signaling in mammary epithelial cells. (2/264)

Flavopiridol binds to duplex DNA. (3/264)

Wortmannin inhibition of forskolin-stimulated chloride secretion by T84 cells. (4/264)

Flavonoids inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in B16 melanoma 4A5 cells. (5/264)

Structural determinants for activation and block of CFTR-mediated chloride currents by apigenin. (6/264)

The neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogens on amyloid beta protein-induced toxicity are mediated by abrogating the activation of caspase cascade in rat cortical neurons. (7/264)

Suppression of inducible cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma by flavonoids in mouse macrophages. (8/264)

Chamomile

Luteolin

Flavonoids

Flavones

Chrysanthemum

Carduus

Kaempferols

Flavanones

Quercetin

Leishmania enriettii

Plants, Medicinal

Plant Extracts

Perilla frutescens

Hydroxytestosterones

Apium graveolens

Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 2

Viola

Lamiaceae

Anticarcinogenic Agents

Cunninghamella

Petroselinum

Cell Line, Tumor

Apoptosis

Impatiens

Genistein

Glycosides

Melissa

Plant Components, Aerial

Farnesol

Glucosides

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Flavonols

Rutin

Antimutagenic Agents

Casein Kinase II

Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 25

Polysorbates

Keratinocytes

Methylcellulose

Picrates

Mice, Hairless

Drug Synergism

Cell Proliferation

Antineoplastic Agents

Biotransformation

Cell Survival

Polyphenols

Apigenin

Phytotherapy

Prostatic Neoplasms

Signal Transduction

Mice, Nude

Inhibitory Concentration 50

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic

Cinnamates

Cyclooxygenase 2

Antioxidants

Phosphorylation

Hep G2 Cells

Phenols

Drug Antagonism

Transcription Factor RelA

Citrus

Glucosyltransferases

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt

Molecular Structure

Administration, Oral

Enzyme Inhibitors

Reactive Oxygen Species

Chlorhexidine

Stilbenes

Caco-2 Cells

Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand

Down-Regulation

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Anti-Infective Agents, Local

RNA, Messenger

Receptor, IGF Type 1

Cells, Cultured

Dermatitis