Anaphase
Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
An E3 ubiquitin ligase primarily involved in regulation of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition during MITOSIS through ubiquitination of specific CELL CYCLE PROTEINS. Enzyme activity is tightly regulated through subunits and cofactors, which modulate activation, inhibition, and substrate specificity. The anaphase-promoting complex, or APC-C, is also involved in tissue differentiation in the PLACENTA, CRYSTALLINE LENS, and SKELETAL MUSCLE, and in regulation of postmitotic NEURONAL PLASTICITY and excitability.
Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes
Complexes of enzymes that catalyze the covalent attachment of UBIQUITIN to other proteins by forming a peptide bond between the C-terminal GLYCINE of UBIQUITIN and the alpha-amino groups of LYSINE residues in the protein. The complexes play an important role in mediating the selective-degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins. The complex of enzymes can be broken down into three components that involve activation of ubiquitin (UBIQUITIN-ACTIVATING ENZYMES), conjugation of ubiquitin to the ligase complex (UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES), and ligation of ubiquitin to the substrate protein (UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASES).
Cdc20 Proteins
Highly conserved proteins that specifically bind to and activate the anaphase-promoting complex-cyclosome, promoting ubiquitination and proteolysis of cell-cycle-regulatory proteins. Cdc20 is essential for anaphase-promoting complex activity, initiation of anaphase, and cyclin proteolysis during mitosis.
Cdh1 Proteins
Mitosis
Apc3 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
A highly evolutionarily conserved subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC-C) containing multiple 34-amino-acid tetratricopeptide repeats. These domains, also found in Apc subunits 6, 7, and 8, have been shown to mediate protein-protein interactions, suggesting that Apc3 may assist in coordinating the juxtaposition of the catalytic and substrate recognition module subunits relative to co-activators and APC-C inhibitors.
Cell Cycle Proteins
Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.
Apc1 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
The largest subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex. It acts primarily as a scaffold for the proper organization and arrangement of subunits. The C-terminal region of Apc1 contains a series of tandem amino acid repeats that are also seen in the 26S proteasome regulatory particle, and may assist with forming and stabilizing protein-protein interactions.
Spindle Apparatus
Securin
Securin is involved in the control of the metaphase-anaphase transition during MITOSIS. It promotes the onset of anaphase by blocking SEPARASE function and preventing proteolysis of cohesin and separation of sister CHROMATIDS. Overexpression of securin is associated with NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION and tumor formation.
Cyclin B
F-Box Proteins
A family of proteins that share the F-BOX MOTIF and are involved in protein-protein interactions. They play an important role in process of protein ubiquition by associating with a variety of substrates and then associating into SCF UBIQUITIN LIGASE complexes. They are held in the ubiquitin-ligase complex via binding to SKP DOMAIN PROTEINS.
Genes, APC
Metaphase
Ligases
M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Cyclin A2
Apc5 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
Mad2 Proteins
Mad2 is a component of the spindle-assembly checkpoint apparatus. It binds to and inhibits the Cdc20 activator subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex, preventing the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are properly aligned at the metaphase plate. Mad2 is required for proper microtubule capture at KINETOCHORES.
Cyclin B1
Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
A diverse class of enzymes that interact with UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES and ubiquitination-specific protein substrates. Each member of this enzyme group has its own distinct specificity for a substrate and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Ubiquitin-protein ligases exist as both monomeric proteins multiprotein complexes.
Cell Cycle
The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.
Prometaphase
CDC2 Protein Kinase
Phosphoprotein with protein kinase activity that functions in the G2/M phase transition of the CELL CYCLE. It is the catalytic subunit of the MATURATION-PROMOTING FACTOR and complexes with both CYCLIN A and CYCLIN B in mammalian cells. The maximal activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is achieved when it is fully dephosphorylated.
HeLa Cells
Meiosis
Ubiquitination
Geminin
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins
Apc2 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
Together with the Apc11 subunit, forms the catalytic core of the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex (APC-C). Its N-terminus has cullin domains which associate with the RING FINGER DOMAINS of Apc11. Apc2 also interacts with the E2 ubiquitin ligases involved in APC-C ubiquitination reactions.
Cyclin A
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Schizosaccharomyces
Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
A highly conserved subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC-C) containing multiple 34-amino-acid tetratricopeptide repeats. These domains, also found in Apc3, Apc6, and Apc7, have been shown to mediate protein-protein interactions, suggesting that Apc8 may assist in coordinating the juxtaposition of the catalytic and substrate recognition module subunits relative to coactivators and APC-C inhibitors.
Separase
Amino Acid Sequence
Nocodazole
Mutation
Nuclear Proteins
Telophase
Aurora Kinases
A family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. They are involved in many aspects of cell division, including centrosome duplication, SPINDLE APPARATUS formation, chromosome alignment, attachment to the spindle, checkpoint activation, and CYTOKINESIS.
Chromatids
Either of the two longitudinally adjacent threads formed when a eukaryotic chromosome replicates prior to mitosis. The chromatids are held together at the centromere. Sister chromatids are derived from the same chromosome. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos
Xenopus Proteins
G1 Phase
Genes, cdc
Protein Binding
Oocytes
Protein Subunits
Microtubules
Ubiquitin
A highly conserved 76-amino acid peptide universally found in eukaryotic cells that functions as a marker for intracellular PROTEIN TRANSPORT and degradation. Ubiquitin becomes activated through a series of complicated steps and forms an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of specific proteins within the cell. These "ubiquitinated" proteins can be recognized and degraded by proteosomes or be transported to specific compartments within the cell.
Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes
Xenopus
Apc6 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
A highly conserved subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC-C) containing multiple 34 amino acid tetratricopeptide repeats. These domains, also found in Apc3, Apc7, and Apc8, have been shown to mediate protein-protein interactions, suggesting that Apc6 may assist in coordinating the juxtaposition of the catalytic and substrate recognition module subunits relative to coactivators and APC-C inhibitors.
SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Ubiquitins
Kinetochores
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
A large multisubunit complex that plays an important role in the degradation of most of the cytosolic and nuclear proteins in eukaryotic cells. It contains a 700-kDa catalytic sub-complex and two 700-kDa regulatory sub-complexes. The complex digests ubiquitinated proteins and protein activated via ornithine decarboxylase antizyme.
Phosphorylation
RNA Interference
A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.
Chromosomes
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
S Phase
Amino Acid Motifs
Calcium-Binding Proteins
Drosophila Proteins
Models, Biological
G2 Phase
Protein Kinases
Substrate Specificity
Centromere
Apc11 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
Carrier Proteins
Repressor Proteins
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein
Cadherins
Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They are important in the formation of ADHERENS JUNCTIONS between cells. Cadherins are classified by their distinct immunological and tissue specificities, either by letters (E- for epithelial, N- for neural, and P- for placental cadherins) or by numbers (cadherin-12 or N-cadherin 2 for brain-cadherin). Cadherins promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism as in the construction of tissues and of the whole animal body.
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.
Cyclins
Drosophila
RNA, Small Interfering
Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.
Protein Stability
Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone
Macromolecular Substances
Apc7 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
A highly conserved subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC-C) containing multiple 34 amino acid tetratricopeptide repeats. These domains, also found in Apc3, Apc6, and Apc8, have been shown to mediate protein-protein interactions, suggesting that Apc7 may assist in coordinating the juxtaposition of the catalytic and substrate recognition module subunits relative to coactivators and APC-C inhibitors.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
Base Sequence
Microtubule-Associated Proteins
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Kinesin
A microtubule-associated mechanical adenosine triphosphatase, that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move organelles along microtubules toward the plus end of the microtubule. The protein is found in squid axoplasm, optic lobes, and in bovine brain. Bovine kinesin is a heterotetramer composed of two heavy (120 kDa) and two light (62 kDa) chains. EC 3.6.1.-.
Prophase
Bivalvia
Endoreduplication
Endopeptidases
Tubulin
A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from SPERM FLAGELLUM; CILIA; and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to COLCHICINE; VINCRISTINE; and VINBLASTINE.
Interphase
Aurora Kinase B
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Spermatocytes
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Cell Division
Apc10 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
Centrosome
The cell center, consisting of a pair of CENTRIOLES surrounded by a cloud of amorphous material called the pericentriolar region. During interphase, the centrosome nucleates microtubule outgrowth. The centrosome duplicates and, during mitosis, separates to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle (MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS).
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
Binding Sites
Embryo, Nonmammalian
Saccharomycetales
Cloning, Molecular
Macropodidae
Two-Hybrid System Techniques
Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.
Chromosomes, Fungal
Caenorhabditis elegans
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Enzyme Activation
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Regulatory signaling systems that control the progression through the CELL CYCLE. They ensure that the cell has completed, in the correct order and without mistakes, all the processes required to replicate the GENOME and CYTOPLASM, and divide them equally between two daughter cells. If cells sense they have not completed these processes or that the environment does not have the nutrients and growth hormones in place to proceed, then the cells are restrained (or "arrested") until the processes are completed and growth conditions are suitable.
Dyneins
Chromosomes, Human
Nondisjunction, Genetic
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Proteolysis
Multiprotein Complexes
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Phosphoprotein Phosphatases
DNA-Binding Proteins
Green Fluorescent Proteins
Cell Nucleolus
Within most types of eukaryotic CELL NUCLEUS, a distinct region, not delimited by a membrane, in which some species of rRNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) are synthesized and assembled into ribonucleoprotein subunits of ribosomes. In the nucleolus rRNA is transcribed from a nucleolar organizer, i.e., a group of tandemly repeated chromosomal genes which encode rRNA and which are transcribed by RNA polymerase I. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Cells, Cultured
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Proton-Translocating ATPases
Protein Phosphatase 2
A phosphoprotein phosphatase subtype that is comprised of a catalytic subunit and two different regulatory subunits. At least two genes encode isoforms of the protein phosphatase catalytic subunit, while several isoforms of regulatory subunits exist due to the presence of multiple genes and the alternative splicing of their mRNAs. Protein phosphatase 2 acts on a broad variety of cellular proteins and may play a role as a regulator of intracellular signaling processes.
Models, Molecular
DNA, Catenated
Phenotype
Potoroidae
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
Chromosomal Instability
Protein C
Cytoskeletal Proteins
Dipodomys
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Aneuploidy
The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1).
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Protein Transport
Sister Chromatid Exchange
An exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. Its frequency is increased by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation and other mutagenic agents and is particularly high in BLOOM SYNDROME.
Blotting, Western
Microscopy, Video
Diptera
An order of the class Insecta. Wings, when present, number two and distinguish Diptera from other so-called flies, while the halteres, or reduced hindwings, separate Diptera from other insects with one pair of wings. The order includes the families Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Phoridae, SARCOPHAGIDAE, Scatophagidae, Sciaridae, SIMULIIDAE, Tabanidae, Therevidae, Trypetidae, CERATOPOGONIDAE; CHIRONOMIDAE; CULICIDAE; DROSOPHILIDAE; GLOSSINIDAE; MUSCIDAE; TEPHRITIDAE; and PSYCHODIDAE. The larval form of Diptera species are called maggots (see LARVA).
Adenosine Triphosphatases
Mutagenesis
Luminescent Proteins
DNA Primers
Drosophila melanogaster
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Microinjections
Cytoplasm
Gene Deletion
Transfection
Peptide Fragments
Proto-Oncogene Proteins
Vaccines, Subunit
Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins
beta Catenin
A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.
DNA, Complementary
Chromatin
Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases
Salamandridae
Xenopus laevis
Antigen-Presenting Cells
A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and B-LYMPHOCYTES. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS are not traditional antigen-presenting cells, but because they hold antigen on their cell surface in the form of IMMUNE COMPLEXES for B-cell recognition they are considered so by some authors.
Transcription, Genetic
Precipitin Tests
Cdc20 protein contains a destruction-box but, unlike Clb2, its proteolysisis not acutely dependent on the activity of anaphase-promoting complex. (1/26)
Both chromosome segregation and the final exit from mitosis require a ubiquitin-protein ligase called anaphase-promoting complex (APC) or cyclosome. This multiprotein complex ubiquitinates various substrates, such as the anaphase inhibitor Pds1 and mitotic cyclins, and thus targets them for proteolysis by the 26S proteasome. The ubiquitination by APC is dependent on the presence of a destruction-box sequence in the N-terminus of target proteins. Recent reports have strongly suggested that Cdc20, a WD40 repeat-containing protein required for nuclear division in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is essential for the APC-mediated proteolysis. To understand the function of CDC20, we have studied its regulation in some detail. The expression of the CDC20 gene is cell-cycle regulated such that it is transcribed only during late S phase and mitosis. Although the protein is unstable to some extent through out the cell cycle, its degradation is particularly enhanced in G1. Cdc20 contains a destruction box sequence which, when mutated or deleted, stabilizes it considerably in G1. Surprisingly, we find that while the inactivation of APC subunits Cdc16, Cdc23 or Cdc27 results in stabilization of the mitotic cyclin Clb2 in G1, the proteolytic destruction of Cdc20 remains largely unaffected. This suggests the existence of proteolytic mechanisms in G1 that can degrade destruction-box containing proteins, such as Cdc20, in an APC-independent manner. (+info)Hsl1p, a Swe1p inhibitor, is degraded via the anaphase-promoting complex. (2/26)
Ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of critical cell cycle regulators is a key mechanism exploited by the cell to ensure an irreversible progression of cell cycle events. The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Here we identify the Hsl1p protein kinase as an APC substrate that interacts with Cdc20p and Cdh1p, proteins that mediate APC ubiquitination of protein substrates. Hsl1p is absent in G(1), accumulates as cells begin to bud, and disappears in late mitosis. Hsl1p is stabilized by mutations in CDH1 and CDC23, both of which result in compromised APC activity. Unlike Hsl1p, Gin4p and Kcc4p, protein kinases that have sequence homology to Hsl1p, were stable in G(1)-arrested cells containing active APC. Mutation of a destruction box motif within Hsl1p (Hsl1p(db-mut)) stabilized Hsl1p. Interestingly, this mutation also disrupted the Hsl1p-Cdc20p interaction and reduced the association between Hsl1p and Cdh1p in coimmunoprecipitation studies. These findings suggest that the destruction box motif is required for Cdc20p and, to a lesser extent, for Cdh1p to target Hsl1p to the APC for ubiquitination. Hsl1p has been previously shown to inhibit Swe1p, a protein kinase that negatively regulates the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28p, by promoting Swe1p degradation via SCF(Met30) in a bud morphogenesis checkpoint. Results of the present work indicate that Hsl1p is degraded in an APC-dependent manner and suggest a link between the SCF (Skp1-cullin-F box) and APC-proteolytic systems that may help to coordinate the proper progression of cell cycle events. (+info)Phosphorylation by Cdc28 activates the Cdc20-dependent activity of the anaphase-promoting complex. (3/26)
Budding yeast initiates anaphase by activating the Cdc20-dependent anaphase-promoting complex (APC). The mitotic activity of Cdc28 (Cdk1) is required to activate this form of the APC, and mutants that are impaired in mitotic Cdc28 function have difficulty leaving mitosis. This defect can be explained by a defect in APC phosphorylation, which depends on mitotic Cdc28 activity in vivo and can be catalyzed by purified Cdc28 in vitro. Mutating putative Cdc28 phosphorylation sites in three components of the APC, Cdc16, Cdc23, and Cdc27, makes the APC resistant to phosphorylation both in vivo and in vitro. The nonphosphorylatable APC has normal activity in G1, but its mitotic, Cdc20-dependent activity is compromised. These results show that Cdc28 activates the APC in budding yeast to trigger anaphase. Previous reports have shown that the budding yeast Cdc5 homologue, Plk, can also phosphorylate and activate the APC in vitro. We show that, like cdc28 mutants, cdc5 mutants affect APC phosphorylation in vivo. However, although Cdc5 can phosphorylate Cdc16 and Cdc27 in vitro, this in vitro phosphorylation does not occur on in vivo sites of phosphorylation. (+info)Characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mcm7(+) and cdc23(+) (MCM10) and interactions with replication checkpoints. (4/26)
MCM proteins are required for the proper regulation of DNA replication. We cloned fission yeast mcm7(+) and showed it is essential for viability; spores lacking mcm7(+) begin S phase later than wild-type cells and arrest with an apparent 2C DNA content. We isolated a novel temperature-sensitive allele, mcm7-98, and also characterized two temperature-sensitive alleles of the fission yeast homolog of MCM10, cdc23(+). mcm7-98 and both cdc23ts alleles arrest with damaged chromosomes and an S phase delay. We find that mcm7-98 is synthetically lethal with the other mcmts mutants but does not interact genetically with either cdc23ts allele. However, cdc23-M36 interacts with mcm4ts. Unlike other mcm mutants or cdc23, mcm7-98 is synthetically lethal with checkpoint mutants Deltacds1, Deltachk1, or Deltarad3, suggesting chromosomal defects even at permissive temperature. Mcm7p is a nuclear protein throughout the cell cycle, and its localization is dependent on the other MCM proteins. Our data suggest that the Mcm3p-Mcm5p dimer interacts with the Mcm4p-Mcm6p-Mcm7p core complex through Mcm7p. (+info)Polo boxes and Cut23 (Apc8) mediate an interaction between polo kinase and the anaphase-promoting complex for fission yeast mitosis. (5/26)
The fission yeast plo1(+) gene encodes a polo-like kinase, a member of a conserved family of kinases which play multiple roles during the cell cycle. We show that Plo1 kinase physically interacts with the anaphase-promoting complex (APC)/cyclosome through the noncatalytic domain of Plo1 and the tetratricopeptide repeat domain of the subunit, Cut23. A new cut23 mutation, which specifically disrupts the interaction with Plo1, results in a metaphase arrest. This arrest can be rescued by high expression of Plo1 kinase. We suggest that this physical interaction is crucial for mitotic progression by targeting polo kinase activity toward the APC. (+info)The Cdc23 (Mcm10) protein is required for the phosphorylation of minichromosome maintenance complex by the Dfp1-Hsk1 kinase. (6/26)
Previous studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have defined an essential role for the Dbf4-Cdc7 kinase complex in the initiation of DNA replication presumably by phosphorylation of target proteins, such as the minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) complex. We have examined the phosphorylation of the Mcm complex by the Dfp1-Hsk1 kinase, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe homologue of Dbf4-Cdc7. In vitro, the purified Dfp1-Hsk1 kinase efficiently phosphorylated Mcm2p. In contrast, Mcm2p, present in the six-subunit Mcm complex, was a poor substrate of this kinase and required Cdc23p (homologue of Mcm10p) for efficient phosphorylation. In the presence of Cdc23p, Dfp1-Hsk1 phosphorylated the Mcm2p and Mcm4p subunits of the Mcm complex. Cdc23p interacted with both the Mcm complex and Dfp1-Hsk1 by selectively binding to the Mcm467 subunits and Dfp1p, respectively. The N terminus of Cdc23p was found to interact directly with Dfp1-Hsk1 and was essential for phosphorylation of the Mcm complex. Truncated derivatives of Cdc23p that complemented the temperature-sensitive phenotype of cdc23 mutant cells also stimulated the phosphorylation of Mcm complex, implying that this activity might be a critical role of Cdc23p in vivo. These results suggest that Cdc23p participates in the activation of prereplicative complex by recruiting the Dfp1-Hsk1 kinase and stimulating the phosphorylation of the Mcm complex. (+info)Mnd2 and Swm1 are core subunits of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae anaphase-promoting complex. (7/26)
The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a multisubunit E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates the metaphase-anaphase transition and exit from mitosis in eukaryotic cells. Eleven subunits have been previously identified in APC from budding yeast. We have identified two additional subunits, Mnd2 and Swm1, by mass spectrometry. Both Mnd2 and Swm1 were found specifically associated with a highly purified preparation of APC from haploid yeast whole cell extract. Moreover, the APC co-purified with epitope-tagged Mnd2 and Swm1. Both proteins were present in APC preparations from haploid cells arrested in G(1), S, and M phases and from meiotic diploid cells, indicating that they are constitutive components of the complex throughout the yeast cell cycle. Mnd2 interacted strongly with Cdc23, Apc5, and Apc1 when coexpressed in an in vitro transcription/translation reaction. Swm1 also interacted with Cdc23 and Apc5 in this system. Previous studies described meiotic defects for mutations in MND2 and SWM1. Here, we show that mnd2delta and swm1delta haploid strains exhibit slow growth and accumulation of G(2)/M cells comparable with that seen in apc9delta or apc10Delta strains and consistent with an APC defect. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Swm1 and Mnd2 are functional components of the yeast APC. (+info)Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 oncoprotein tax promotes unscheduled degradation of Pds1p/securin and Clb2p/cyclin B1 and causes chromosomal instability. (8/26)
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia. The HTLV-1 transactivator, Tax, is implicated as the viral oncoprotein. Naive cells expressing Tax for the first time develop severe cell cycle abnormalities that include increased DNA synthesis, mitotic arrest, appearance of convoluted nuclei with decondensed DNA, and formation of multinucleated cells. Here we report that Tax causes a drastic reduction in Pds1p/securin and Clb2p/cyclin B levels in yeast, rodent, and human cells and a loss of cell viability. With a temperature-sensitive mutant of the CDC23 subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), cdc23(ts); a temperature-sensitive mutant of cdc20; and a cdh1-null mutant, we show that the diminution of Pds1p and Clb2p brought on by Tax is mediated via the Cdc20p-associated anaphase-promoting complex, APC(Cdc20p). This loss of Pds1p/securin and Clb2p/cyclin B1 occurred before cellular entry into mitosis, caused a G(2)/M cell cycle block, and was accompanied by severe chromosome aneuploidy in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and human diploid fibroblasts. Our results support the notion that Tax aberrantly targets and activates APC(Cdc20p), leading to unscheduled degradation of Pds1p/securin and Clb2p/cyclin B1, a delay or failure in mitotic entry and progression, and faulty chromosome transmission. The chromosomal instability resulting from a Tax-induced deficiency in securin and cyclin B1 provides an explanation for the highly aneuploid nature of adult T-cell leukemia cells. (+info)
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ANAPC5
2004). "The Apc5 Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Interacts with Poly(A) Binding Protein and Represses ... consists of at least 8 protein subunits, including APC5, CDC27 (APC3; MIM 116946), CDC16 (APC6; MIM 603461), and CDC23 (APC8; ... Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ANAPC5 gene. The anaphase-promoting complex ... "The Apc5 Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Interacts with Poly(A) Binding Protein and Represses Internal ...
Mechanisms controlling the temporal degradation of Nek2A and Kif18A by the APC/C-Cdc20 complex
... in complex with its co-activator Cdc20 is responsible for targeting proteins for ubiquitin-mediated degradation during mitosis ... Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome * Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome * Cdc20 Proteins ... The Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) in complex with its co-activator Cdc20 is responsible for targeting proteins ... Nek2A and the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) have an overlap in APC/C subunit requirements for binding and we propose that ...
Effect of miR-34c on apoptosis of breast cancer cells. | Open-i
Cell Division Cycle 23 Homolog (S. Cerevisiae) (CDC23) ELISA Kits
APC8 , anaphase-promoting complex subunit 8 , cyclosome subunit 8 , anaphase promoting complex subunit 8 , cell division cycle ... This protein is a component of anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which is composed of eight protein subunits and highly ... This protein and 3 other members of the APC complex contain the TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat), a protein domain important for ... anaphase-promoting complex subunit 8 (APC8) antibody * CDC23 (cell division cycle 23, yeast, homolog) (cdc23) antibody ...
Diminishing HDACs by drugs or mutations promotes normal or abnormal sister chromatid separation by affecting APC/C and adherin ...
The levels of Cut9, an anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) subunit, however, were not significantly affected in the ... Fission yeast APC/cyclosome subunits, Cut20/Apc4 and Cut23/Apc8, in regulating metaphase-anaphase progression and cellular ... phenotypes of the mutants of the ubiquitin ligase complex anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which display metaphase ... Doc1 mediates the activity of the anaphase-promoting complex by contributing to substrate recognition. EMBO J. 22, 786-796. ...
CDC23 - Cell division cycle protein 23 homolog - Homo sapiens (Human) - CDC23 gene & protein
The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the ... Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls ... Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 8. Short name: APC8. Cyclosome subunit 8. ,p>This subsection of the ,a href="http://www. ... "Identification of a cullin homology region in a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex.". Yu H., Peters J.-M., King R.W., ...
DeCS
Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase Promoting Complex Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase Promoting Complex Cyclosome Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting ... Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase Promoting Complex. Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase Promoting Complex Cyclosome. Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting ... Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase Promoting Complex Cyclosome [D08.811.464.938.750.092.996] Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase Promoting Complex ... Apc1 Subunit, Anaphase Promoting Complex Cyclosome [D08.811.464.938.750.092.500] Apc1 Subunit, Anaphase Promoting Complex ...
Human CDC23: cDNA cloning, mapping to 5q31, genomic structure, and evaluation as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in myeloid...
Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes. Substances. *Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome. *CDC23 protein, S ... The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) catalyzes the formation of cyclin B-ubiquitin conjugates, thereby targeting cyclin B for ... The transition from metaphase to anaphase and exit from mitosis involve the degradation of active cyclin B-CDC2 complexes by ... Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome. *Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome. *Blotting, Northern ...
Mechanisms controlling the temporal degradation of Nek2A and Kif18A by the APC/C-Cdc20 complex. - PubMed - NCBI
Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/physiology*. Substances. *Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome ... The Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) in complex with its co-activator Cdc20 is responsible for targeting proteins ... Nek2A and the MCC require the TPR subunits for binding to the APC/C and share a common binding site on APC8. (A) A double ... Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome. *Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome. *Cdc20 Proteins ...
Genes involved in sister chromatid separation are needed for B-type cyclin proteolysis in budding yeast. - Oxford Neuroscience
CDC23 is required at the metaphase/anaphase transition to separate sister chromatids, and we speculate that it might promote ... Proteolysis of CLB2 is initiated in early anaphase, but a fraction of CLB2 remains stable until anaphase is complete. ... Their failure to exit anaphase can be explained by defective cyclin proteolysis. ... cdc23-1 mutants are defective in both entering and exiting anaphase. ...
Anti APC8 Antibody (PrecisionAb Polyclonal Antibody) | Bio-Rad
... also known as anaphase promoting complex subunit 8 or cyclosome subunit 8.,br,,br,The protein en… ... strong,Rabbit anti Human APC8 antibody,/strong, recognizes the cell division cycle protein 23 homolog, ... also known as anaphase promoting complex subunit 8 or cyclosome subunit 8.. The protein encoded by CDC23 gene shares strong ... GO:0005680 anaphase-promoting complex GO:0007080 mitotic metaphase plate congression GO:0007091 mitotic metaphase/anaphase ...
Nuclear distribution and chromatin association of DNA polymerase alpha-primase is affected by TEV protease cleavage of Cdc23 ...
In contrast to the effect on Spp1, the chromatin association of the Psf2 subunit of the GINS complex is not affected by Cdc23 ... The chromatin binding and sub-nuclear distribution of DNA primase catalytic subunit (Spp1) is affected by Cdc23 cleavage and ... Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome, Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome, Cell Cycle Proteins, Cell Nucleus, ... In contrast to the effect on Spp1, the chromatin association of the Psf2 subunit of the GINS complex is not affected by Cdc23 ...
ANAPC5 - Wikipedia
2004). "The Apc5 Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Interacts with Poly(A) Binding Protein and Represses ... consists of at least 8 protein subunits, including APC5, CDC27 (APC3; MIM 116946), CDC16 (APC6; MIM 603461), and CDC23 (APC8; ... Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ANAPC5 gene. The anaphase-promoting complex ... "The Apc5 Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Interacts with Poly(A) Binding Protein and Represses Internal ...
Study of Cyclin Proteolysis in Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC) Mutant Cells Reveals the Requirement for APC Function in the...
1999) Fission yeast APC/cyclosome subunits, Cut20/Apc4 and Cut23/Apc8, in regulating metaphase-anaphase progression and ... 1999) The Schizosaccharomyces pombe dim1(+) gene interacts with the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) component ... 1997) Distinct subunit functions and cell cycle regulated phosphorylation of 20S APC/cyclosome required for anaphase in fission ... 1999) Whose end is destruction: cell division and the anaphase-promoting complex. Genes Dev. 13:2039-2058. ...
Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome protein Cdc27 is a target for curcumin-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis | BMC...
One of the key regulators of the SAC is the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) which ubiquitinates cyclin B and ... Because APC/C not only ensures cell cycle arrest upon spindle disruption but also promotes cell death in response to prolonged ... is the major cell cycle control mechanism to delay the onset of anaphase during mitosis. ... At the same time, association of Cdc27 with other subunits of the APC/C such as APC2 and APC8 did not change (Figure 5C). Thus ...
anaphase-promoting complex (APC): the sum of its parts? | Biochemical Society Transactions | Portland Press
The APC (anaphase-promoting complex) or cyclosome is a large multisubunit protein complex. It has 13 core components (with ... Subunits with unknown functions. Functions for the remaining APC subunits are less clear. At least one other APC subunit, Apc5 ... Cdc23/Apc8 Yes 70 TPR motifs Apc9 No 30 Doc1/Apc10 No* 26 Doc domain ... The anaphase-promoting complex (APC): the sum of its parts? L.A. Passmore L.A. Passmore ...
Gentaur Molecular :Brady \ PTL 23 427 \ 018389
CDC23 ANAPC8] Cell division cycle protein 23 homolog (Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 8) (APC8) (Cyclosome subunit 8). [ ... SEC63 NPL1 PTL1 YOR254C] Protein translocation protein SEC63 (Protein NPL1) (Sec62/63 complex 73 kDa subunit). [] Genome ... SCN1A NAC1 SCN1] Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha (Sodium channel protein brain I subunit alpha) (Sodium channel ... PSEN1 AD3 PS1 PSNL1] Presenilin-1 (PS-1) (EC 3.4.23.-) (Protein S182) [Cleaved into: Presenilin-1 NTF subunit; Presenilin-1 CTF ...
Search Articles | University of Toronto Libraries
Apc1 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome - chemistry , Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome - chemistry ... Apc1 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome - ultrastructure , Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome - ... Apc3 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome - chemistry , Ubiquitination , Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex- ... Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome - chemistry , Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome - metabolism , Apc11 Subunit, Anaphase- ...
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Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 7 (APC7) (Cyclosome subunit 7). [APC8 CDC23 At3g48150 T24C20.30] Anaphase-promoting complex ... Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 2 (Cyclosome subunit 2). [cut4 apc1 SPBC106.09] Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1 (20S ... ANAPC12,Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 12,Anaphase-promoting complex subunit CDC26,APC12,C9orf17,CDC26,Cell division cycle ... ELISA Anapc8,Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 8,APC8,Cdc23,Cell division cycle protein 23 homolog,Cyclosome subunit 8,Mouse, ...
ANAPC4 Gene - GeneCards | APC4 Protein | APC4 Antibody
Anaphase Promoting Complex Subunit 4, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards ... Anaphase-Promoting Complex Subunit 4 3 4 * Cyclosome Subunit 4 3 4 ... CDC23/APC8, ANAPC10, ANAPC11, CDC26/APC12, ANAPC13, ANAPC15 and ANAPC16 that assemble into a complex of at least 19 chains with ... A large protein complex, termed the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), or the cyclosome, promotes metaphase-anaphase transition ...
ANAPC5 Gene - GeneCards | APC5 Protein | APC5 Antibody
Anaphase Promoting Complex Subunit 5, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards ... Cyclosome subunit 5 (APC5_HUMAN). *cDNA FLJ55537, highly similar to Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 (APC5)(Cyclosome ... CDC23/APC8, ANAPC10, ANAPC11, CDC26/APC12, ANAPC13, ANAPC15 and ANAPC16 that assemble into a complex of at least 19 chains with ... cDNA FLJ30217 fis, clone BRACE2001709, highly similar to Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 (APC5)(Cyclosome subunit 5) ( ...
Evolutionary flexibility of protein complexes | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Full Text
We exemplified this trend on the anaphase promoting complex (APC) where a core is highly conserved throughout all metazoans, ... They do not act alone but are organised in complexes. Throughout the life of a cell, complexes are dynamic in their composition ... Focussing on human protein complexes, we based our analysis on a manually curated dataset from HPRD. In total, 1,060 complexes ... of all complexes affected). Still, loss of whole complexes happened rarely. This biological signal deviated significantly from ...
Anapc4 - Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 4 - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Anapc4 gene & protein
The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the ... Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls ... Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls ... CDC23/APC8, ANAPC10, ANAPC11, CDC26/APC12, ANAPC13, ANAPC15 and ANAPC16 that assemble into a complex of at least 19 chains with ...
Anaphase-Promoting Complex 7 is a Prognostic Factor in Human Colorectal Cancer
Anaphase-promoting complex-cyclosome; Adenocarcinoma; Colorectal neoplasms; Cell cycle INTRODUCTION. The anaphase-promoting ... TPR subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex mediate binding to the activator protein CDH1. Curr Biol 2003;13:1459-1468. ... 16] reported a genetic alteration in APC6 and APC8 in human colon cancer cells and suggested their involvement in colon ... Polyubiquitin chains are added to securin by an E3 ubiquitin ligase known as anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome. If ...
Cell Division Cycle 16 Homolog (S. Cerevisiae) (CDC16) Antikörper
... anaphase-promoting complex subunit 6 , cyclosome subunit 6 , CDC16Hs , anaphase-promoting complex, subunit 6 ... We report gene alterations in several components of this complex in human colon cancer cells, including APC6/CDC16 and APC8/ ... 2700071J12Rik, 2810431D22Rik, ANAPC6, anaphase promoting complex 6, APC6, CUT9, F9K20.19, F9K20_19, zgc:123264 ... The APC complex is a cyclin degradation system that governs exit from mitosis. Each component protein of the APC complex is ...
Mitotic regulation of the human anaphase‐promoting complex by phosphorylation | The EMBO Journal
Distinct subunit functions and cell cycle regulated phosphorylation of 20S APC/cyclosome required for anaphase in fission yeast ... May KM, Reynolds N, Cullen CF, Yanagida M and Ohkura H (2002) Polo boxes and Cut23 (Apc8) mediate an interaction between polo ... The anaphase‐promoting complex (APC) or cyclosome is a ubiquitin ligase that initiates anaphase and mitotic exit. APC ... Geley S, Kramer E, Gieffers C, Gannon J, Peters JM and Hunt T (2001) Anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome‐dependent proteolysis ...
Insights into APC/C: from cellular function to diseases and therapeutics | Cell Division | Full Text
Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a multifunctional ubiquitin-protein ligase that targets different substrates ... b A schematic illustration of the structure organization of APC/C complex. APC/C complex contains three sub-complexes: the ... Structure and genetics characteristics of APC/C. a Graphic representation of human (Homo sapiens) APC/C subunits. All domains ... The TPR lobe consists of APC3, APC6, APC8, APC7, APC13, APC16, and Cdc26. The scaffolding platform connects the TPR lobe to the ...
Anti-APC10 Antibody (B-1) | SCBT - Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Composed of more than ten subunits, the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) acts in a cell-cycle dependent manner to promote the ... APC10, APC4, APC5, APC7 와 APC8를 위한 Anaphase Promoting Complex항체 ... APC, or cyclosome, accomplishes this progression through the ubiquitination of mitotic cyclins and other regulatory proteins ... APC10 binds to core APC subunits throughout the cell cycle. Specifically, APC10 binds to the C-terminus of CDC27/APC3. During ...
Cdc20 is required for the post-anaphase, KEN-dependent degradation of centromere protein F | Journal of Cell Science
2006). The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome: a machine designed to destroy. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7, 644-656. ... we transfected RPE cells with siRNA duplexes to repress two APC/C subunits, namely APC2 and APC8. Because inhibition of APC/C ... with the E3 ligase being the anaphase-promoting complex, also known as the cyclosome (APC/C). The APC/C is regulated by two ... with the relevant E3 ubiquitin ligase being the anaphase promoting complex, or cyclosome (APC/C) (Irniger et al., 1995; King et ...
Cell Cycle Progression in the Pericycle Is Not Sufficient for SOLITARY ROOT/IAA14-Mediated Lateral Root Initiation in...
The Arabidopsis anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome: Molecular and genetic characterization of the APC2 subunit. Plant Cell ... APC8/CDC23 is part of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) that is involved in targeting A- and B-type cyclins for degradation ... Ullah, H., Chen, J.-G., Temple, B., Boyes, D.C., Alonso, J.M., Davis, K.R., Ecker, J.R., and Jones, A.M. (2003). The β-subunit ... Within these 913 LRI genes, cell division-related genes were identified, such as APC8/CDC23, PCNA1, RNR1, MCM3, MCM4, MCM7/ ...
DeCS 2014 - New terms
Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome. Subunidade Apc8 do Ciclossomo-Complexo Promotor de Anáfase. Subunidad Apc8 ... Apc8 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome. Subunidade Apc8 do Ciclossomo-Complexo Promotor de Anáfase. Subunidad Apc8 ... Apc1 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome. Subunidade Apc1 do Ciclossomo-Complexo Promotor de Anáfase. Subunidad Apc1 ... Apc2 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome. Subunidade Apc2 do Ciclossomo-Complexo Promotor de Anáfase. Subunidad Apc2 ...
Ubiquitin ligaseCDC23ProteinsMitosisHighly conservedCDC27APC6ProteolysisGeneTetratricopeptide repeatRegulating anaphase onsetAPC4Metaphase to anaphaseTransitionSubstratesCut23Multiprotein ComplexesDegradationCatalyticHomologSpindleGenesCyclinProtein complexMutantsCDC20EnzymesHumanCompositionStructuralAntibody
Ubiquitin ligase8
- Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (uniprot.org)
- By contrast, HDAC inhibitors and clr6 HDAC mutations rescued temperature sensitive (ts) phenotypes of the mutants of the ubiquitin ligase complex anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which display metaphase arrest. (biologists.org)
- The APC (anaphase-promoting complex) is a multisubunit E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets cell-cycle-related proteins for degradation by the 26 S proteasome. (portlandpress.com)
- This gene encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat-containing component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a large E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls cell cycle progression by targeting a number of cell cycle regulators such as B-type cyclins for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation through ubiquitination. (genecards.org)
- The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a multiprotein complex with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and is required for ubiquitination of securin and cyclin-B. Several APC-targeting molecules are reported to be oncogenes. (coloproctol.org)
- The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls mitotic progression [ 1 2 ]. (coloproctol.org)
- This gene encodes a component protein of the APC complex, which is composed of eight proteins and functions as a protein ubiquitin ligase. (antikoerper-online.de)
- The anaphase‐promoting complex (APC) or cyclosome is a ubiquitin ligase that initiates anaphase and mitotic exit. (embopress.org)
CDC238
- cdc23-1 mutants are defective in both entering and exiting anaphase. (ox.ac.uk)
- CDC23 is required at the metaphase/anaphase transition to separate sister chromatids, and we speculate that it might promote proteolysis of proteins that hold sister chromatids together. (ox.ac.uk)
- Using an in situ chromatin binding procedure we have determined how the S phase chromatin association of DNA polymerase alpha-primase and the GINS (Sld5-Psf1-Psf2-Psf3) complex is affected by Cdc23 inactivation. (ox.ac.uk)
- The chromatin binding and sub-nuclear distribution of DNA primase catalytic subunit (Spp1) is affected by Cdc23 cleavage and also by inactivation of Cdc23 using a degron allele, implying that DNA polymerase alpha-primase function is dependent on Cdc23. (ox.ac.uk)
- In contrast to the effect on Spp1, the chromatin association of the Psf2 subunit of the GINS complex is not affected by Cdc23 inactivation. (ox.ac.uk)
- We report gene alterations in several components of this complex in human colon cancer cells, including APC6/CDC16 and APC8/CDC23 (zeige CDC23 Antikörper ) which are known to be key function elements. (antikoerper-online.de)
- This protein and two other APC complex proteins, CDC23 and CDC27, contain a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR), a protein domain that may be involved in protein-protein interaction. (antikoerper-online.de)
- Of these, 32 sites are clustered in parts of Apc1 and the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) subunits Cdc27, Cdc16, Cdc23 and Apc7. (embopress.org)
Proteins8
- The Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) in complex with its co-activator Cdc20 is responsible for targeting proteins for ubiquitin-mediated degradation during mitosis. (nih.gov)
- The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. (uniprot.org)
- The APC contains at least 13 subunits and is regulated by the binding of co-activator proteins and by phosphorylation. (portlandpress.com)
- Most cellular proteins form a complex network of interactions with other proteins and many are components of large multiprotein complexes [ 1 - 3 ]. (portlandpress.com)
- Here, the complexes are connected by shared components, e.g. proteins present in more than one complex. (beds.ac.uk)
- Some of these attachments, which can consist of multiple proteins itself, can be connected to different core complexes. (beds.ac.uk)
- APC is a polymeric protein complex composed of at least 11 subunits and contains tetratricopeptide repeat proteins (APC3, 5, 6, 7, and 8), a cullin homolog (APC2), and a ring-H2 finger domain (APC11). (coloproctol.org)
- APC, or cyclosome, accomplishes this progression through the ubiquitination of mitotic cyclins and other regulatory proteins that are targeted for destruction during cell division. (scbt.com)
Mitosis5
- The transition from metaphase to anaphase and exit from mitosis involve the degradation of active cyclin B-CDC2 complexes by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. (nih.gov)
- The mitotic checkpoint, or spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), is the major cell cycle control mechanism to delay the onset of anaphase during mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- The proteolytic events triggered by the APC are required to release sister chromatid cohesion during anaphase, to control the exit from mitosis and to prevent premature entry into S-phase. (portlandpress.com)
- The APC complex is a cyclin degradation system that governs exit from mitosis. (antikoerper-online.de)
- Composed of more than ten subunits, the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) acts in a cell-cycle dependent manner to promote the separation of sister chromatids during the transition between metaphase and anaphase in mitosis. (scbt.com)
Highly conserved4
- A highly conserved subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC-C) containing multiple 34-amino-acid tetratricopeptide repeats. (bvsalud.org)
- This protein is a component of anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which is composed of eight protein subunits and highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
- We exemplified this trend on the anaphase promoting complex (APC) where a core is highly conserved throughout all metazoans, but flexibility in certain components is observable. (beds.ac.uk)
- Each component protein of the APC complex is highly conserved among eukaryotic organisms. (antikoerper-online.de)
CDC271
- The serine/threonine phosphatase PP5 interacts with CDC16 and CDC27, two tetratricopeptide repeat-containing subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex. (antibody-antibodies.com)
APC61
- These domains, also found in Apc3, Apc6, and Apc7, have been shown to mediate protein-protein interactions, suggesting that Apc8 may assist in coordinating the juxtaposition of the catalytic and substrate recognition module subunits relative to coactivators and APC-C inhibitors. (bvsalud.org)
Proteolysis4
- Their failure to exit anaphase can be explained by defective cyclin proteolysis. (ox.ac.uk)
- Proteolysis of CLB2 is initiated in early anaphase, but a fraction of CLB2 remains stable until anaphase is complete. (ox.ac.uk)
- One of the key regulators of the SAC is the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) which ubiquitinates cyclin B and securin and targets them for proteolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
- This proteolysis is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, with the E3 ligase being the anaphase-promoting complex, also known as the cyclosome (APC/C). The APC/C is regulated by two activators, namely Cdc20 and Cdh1. (biologists.org)
Gene3
- Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ANAPC5 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The large complexes involved in transcription (polymerases and transcription factors) and translation (ribosomes) must be tightly regulated to allow the control of gene expression. (portlandpress.com)
- ANAPC4 (Anaphase Promoting Complex Subunit 4) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
Tetratricopeptide repeat2
- This protein and 3 other members of the APC complex contain the TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat), a protein domain important for protein-protein interaction (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008). (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
- This protein and 3 other members of the APC complex contain the TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat), a protein domain important for protein-protein interaction. (nih.gov)
Regulating anaphase onset1
- Mad2 with the cyclosome/anaphase-promoting complex, and is involved in regulating anaphase onset and late mitotic events. (antibody-antibodies.com)
APC42
- A ) The APC/C complex was affinity purified using an APC4 antibody from nocodazole-arrested cells or cells released from nocodazole into MG132 for 2 h. (nih.gov)
- C ) Stable HeLa cell lines expressing FLAG-tagged Kif18A or Kif18AΔLR were arrested with nocodazole and the APC/C complex purified using an APC4 antibody. (nih.gov)
Metaphase to anaphase1
- CDC27Hs colocalizes with CDC16Hs to the centrosome and mitotic spindle and is essential for the metaphase to anaphase transition. (antibody-antibodies.com)
Transition1
- A large protein complex, termed the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), or the cyclosome, promotes metaphase-anaphase transition by ubiquitinating its specific substrates such as mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitor, which are subsequently degraded by the 26S proteasome. (genecards.org)
Substrates2
- After anaphase onset, a number of other APC/C substrates are destroyed including the Aurora kinases, Plk1, annilin, geminin, Skp2 and Tome-1 ( Peters, 2006 ). (biologists.org)
- Destruction of pre-anaphase substrates is Cdc20-dependent. (biologists.org)
Cut231
- This suppression coincided with facilitated complex formation of APC/C. Moreover, our mass spectrometry analysis showed that an APC/C subunit, Cut23/APC8, is acetylated. (biologists.org)
Multiprotein Complexes1
- Why do large stable multiprotein complexes exist? (portlandpress.com)
Degradation5
- However in contrast to Nek2A, Kif18A is not degraded until anaphase showing that additional mechanisms contribute to Nek2A degradation. (nih.gov)
- The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) catalyzes the formation of cyclin B-ubiquitin conjugates, thereby targeting cyclin B for degradation. (nih.gov)
- Here we show that degradation of Cenp-F initiates about six minutes after anaphase, and that this is dependent on a C-terminal KEN-box. (biologists.org)
- By contrast, RNAi-mediated repression of APC/C subunits or Cdc20 does inhibit Cenp-F degradation. (biologists.org)
- rather, our observations indicate that Cdc20 also contributes to post-anaphase activation of the APC/C. We also show that the post-anaphase, KEN-box-dependent degradation of Cenp-F requires it to be farnesylated, a post-translational modification usually linked to membrane association. (biologists.org)
Catalytic1
- APC/C complex contains three sub-complexes: the scaffolding platform, the TPR lobe and the catalytic core. (biomedcentral.com)
Homolog1
- Rabbit anti Human APC8 antibody recognizes the cell division cycle protein 23 homolog, also known as anaphase promoting complex subunit 8 or cyclosome subunit 8. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
Spindle2
- Because APC/C not only ensures cell cycle arrest upon spindle disruption but also promotes cell death in response to prolonged mitotic arrest, it has become an attractive drug target in cancer therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, once the spindle checkpoint has become satisfied and anaphase initiated, APC/C activation switches from Cdc20 to Cdh1 ( Peters, 2006 ). (biologists.org)
Genes3
- Alterations of anaphase-promoting complex genes in human colon cancer cells. (uniprot.org)
- Over the analysed species, the composition of most complexes was highly flexible and only 25% of all genes were never lost. (beds.ac.uk)
- These evolutionary events affecting genes coding for units in human protein complexes showed a significantly different phylogenetic pattern compared to randomly selected genes. (beds.ac.uk)
Cyclin1
- Cytokinesis in eukaryotic cells requires the inactivation of mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase complexes. (asm.org)
Protein complex1
- The APC (anaphase-promoting complex) or cyclosome is a large multisubunit protein complex. (portlandpress.com)
Mutants2
- An apparent exception to this relationship is found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants with mutations of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). (asm.org)
- Indeed, overproduction of nondestructible Cdc13p prevents septation in APC cut mutants and the normal reorganization of septation initiation network components during anaphase. (asm.org)
CDC203
- We find that dimerization via the leucine zipper, in combination with the MR motif, is required for stable Nek2A binding to and ubiquitination by the APC/C. Nek2A and the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) have an overlap in APC/C subunit requirements for binding and we propose that Nek2A binds with high affinity to apo-APC/C and is degraded by the pool of Cdc20 that avoids inhibition by the SAC. (nih.gov)
- Kif18A is ubiquitinated by the APC/C-Cdc20 complex. (nih.gov)
- The current view is that prior to anaphase, the APC/C is activated by Cdc20, but that following anaphase, APC/C switches to Cdh1-dependent activation. (biologists.org)
Enzymes2
- It is not known why the APC contains 13 subunits when many other ubiquitin ligases are small single-subunit enzymes. (portlandpress.com)
- Although the activity and specificity of E3s such as the APC are crucial, most E3s exist as much smaller, often single-subunit, enzymes. (portlandpress.com)
Human4
- Rabbit anti Human APC8 antibody detects a band of 64 kDa. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
- Mechanism of ubiquitin-chain formation by the human anaphase-promoting complex. (antibody-antibodies.com)
- Focussing on human protein complexes, we based our analysis on a manually curated dataset from HPRD. (beds.ac.uk)
- Structure and genetics characteristics of APC/C. a Graphic representation of human ( Homo sapiens ) APC/C subunits. (biomedcentral.com)
Composition3
- In this review, I discuss the composition of the APC and the functions of its subunits with the goal of gaining insight into the mechanism of the APC as a whole. (portlandpress.com)
- Throughout the life of a cell, complexes are dynamic in their composition due to attachments and shared components. (beds.ac.uk)
- We computed interologs in 25 different species and predicted the composition of complexes. (beds.ac.uk)
Structural2
- Thus, protein complexes contain not only structural and functional, but also evolutionary cores. (beds.ac.uk)
- This complexity, comprising both the functional and structural entities of protein complexes, raises the question how the interplay of core complexes with variable attachments evolved. (beds.ac.uk)
Antibody1
- Western blot analysis of whole cell lysates probed with APC8 antibody followed by detection with HRP conjugated Goat anti Rabbit IgG (1/10,000, STAR208P ) and visualized on the ChemiDoc MP with 36 second exposure. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)