Apatites
Calcium Phosphates
Durapatite
Bone Substitutes
Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue.
Hydroxyapatites
A group of compounds with the general formula M10(PO4)6(OH)2, where M is barium, strontium, or calcium. The compounds are the principal mineral in phosphorite deposits, biological tissue, human bones, and teeth. They are also used as an anticaking agent and polymer catalysts. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Biomimetic Materials
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
Amelogenin
Calcification, Physiologic
Biocompatible Materials
Materials Testing
Matrix Metalloproteinase 20
Tooth Remineralization
Amelogenesis
Crystallization
X-Ray Diffraction
The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Photoelectron Spectroscopy
The study of the energy of electrons ejected from matter by the photoelectric effect, i.e., as a direct result of absorption of energy from electromagnetic radiation. As the energies of the electrons are characteristic of a specific element, the measurement of the energy of these electrons is a technique used to determine the chemical composition of surfaces.
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Minerals
Native, inorganic or fossilized organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
The spectrometric analysis of fluorescent X-RAYS, i.e. X-rays emitted after bombarding matter with high energy particles such as PROTONS; ELECTRONS; or higher energy X-rays. Identification of ELEMENTS by this technique is based on the specific type of X-rays that are emitted which are characteristic of the specific elements in the material being analyzed. The characteristic X-rays are distinguished and/or quantified by either wavelength dispersive or energy dispersive methods.
Ceramics
Tooth Calcification
Carbonates
Calcium Carbonate
Coated Materials, Biocompatible
Kidney Calculi
Dental Enamel
A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)
Surface Properties
Titanium
Bone and Bones
Physicochemical Processes
Dentin
Powders
Flame Retardants
Dental Materials
Biomedical and Dental Materials
Dental Amalgam
Pit and Fissure Sealants
Dentinal tubule occlusion with lanthanum fluoride and powdered apatite glass ceramics in vitro. (1/221)
To simulate hypersensitive dentin, the smear layer and dentinal plugs of bovine root dentin specimens were removed by immersion in 10% phosphoric acid, polishing with hydroxyapatite particles, and ultrasonic cleansing. The fluoride-tannic acid-lanthanum-apatite (FTLA) group was treated with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) containing tannic acid followed by rubbing with a paste of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) and powdered apatite glass ceramics. The treated specimens were immersed in a remineralizing solution that mimics saliva for 6 weeks. The SEM observations revealed that the treated surfaces of the FTLA group were completely covered with fine spherical compounds and the dentinal tubules were occluded with plugs to a depth of about 3 microns. Fluoride and lanthanum were detected to a depth of over 20 microns by EPMA observation. After the remineralization, the surface of FTLA-treated specimen did not have any opened tubules and showed a remarkable increase in the number of fine spherical deposits in the dentinal tubules. These results suggest that the reaction products produced by sequential treatment with acidic fluoride and LaCl3 and powdered apatite glass ceramics are able to effectively occlude dentinal tubules. (+info)Reversible suppression of in vitro biomineralization by activation of protein kinase A. (2/221)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH-(1-34)) potently suppresses apatite deposition in osteoblastic cultures. These inhibitory effects are mediated through signaling events following PTH receptor binding. Using both selective inhibitors and activators of protein kinase A (PKA), this study shows that a transient activation of PKA is sufficient to account for PTH's inhibition of apatite deposition. This inhibition is not a result of reduced cell proliferation, reduced alkaline phosphatase activity, increased collagenase production, or lowering medium pH. Rather, data suggest a functional relationship between matrix assembly and apatite deposition in vitro. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and apatite co-localize in the extracellular matrix of mineralizing cultures, with matrix deposition of BSP temporally preceding that of apatite. Transient activation of PKA by either PTH-(1-34) or short term cAMP analog treatment blocks the deposition of BSP in the extracellular matrix without a significant reduction in the total amount of BSP synthesized and secreted. This effect is reversible after allowing the cultures to recover in the absence of PKA activators for several days. Thus, a transient activation of PKA may suppress mineral deposition in vitro as a consequence of altering the assembly of an extracellular matrix permissive for apatite formation. (+info)Porous apatite-wollastonite glass-ceramic as an intramedullary plug. (3/221)
We evaluated the efficacy and biocompatibility of porous apatite-wollastonite glass ceramic (AW-GC) as an intramedullary plug in total hip replacement (THR) for up to two years in 22 adult beagle dogs. Cylindrical porous AW-GC rods (70% porosity, mean pore size 200 microm) were prepared. Four dogs were killed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months each and six at 24 months after implantation. Radiological evaluation confirmed the efficacy of porous AW-CG as an intramedullary plug. Histological evaluation showed osteoconduction at one month and resorption of the porous AW-GC, which was replaced by newly-formed bone, at 24 months. Our findings indicate that porous AW-GC can be used clinically as an intramedullary plug in THR. (+info)A bone replaceable artificial bone substitute: morphological and physiochemical characterizations. (4/221)
A composite material consisting of carbonate apatite (CAp) and type I atelocollagen (AtCol) (88/12 in wt/wt%) was designed for use as an artificial bone substitute. CAp was synthesized at 58 degrees C by a solution-precipitation method and then heated at either 980 degrees C or 1,200 degrees C. In this study, type I AtCol was purified from bovine tail skins. A CAp-AtCol mixture was prepared by centirfugation and condensed into composite rods or disks. The scanning electron-microscopic (SEM) characterization indicated that the CAp synthesized at 58 degrees C displayed a crystallinity similar to that of natural bone and had a high porosity (mean pore size: about 3-10 microns in diameter). SEM also revealed that the CAp heated at 980 degrees C was more porous than that sintered at 1,200 degrees C, and the 1,200 degrees C-heated particles were more uniformly encapsulated by the AtCol fibers than the 980 degrees C-heated ones. A Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopic analysis showed that the bands characteristic of carbonate ions were clearly observed in the 58 degrees C-synthesized CAp. To enhance the intramolecular cross-linking between the collagen molecules, CAp-AtCol composites were irradiated by ultraviolet (UV) ray (wave length 254 nm) for 4 hours or vacuum-dried at 150 degrees C for 2 hours. Compared to the non cross-linked composites, the UV-irradiated or dehydrothermally cross-linked composites showed significantly (p < 0.05) low collagen degradation and swelling ratio. Preliminary mechanical data demonstrated that the compressive strengths of the CAp-AtCol composites were higher than the values reported for bone. (+info)Augmentation of (pedicle) screws with calcium apatite cement in patients with severe progressive osteoporotic spinal deformities: an innovative technique. (5/221)
Screw augmentation with calcium apatite cement (CAC) was used in seven patients with a progressive osteoporotic spinal deformity. Thirty-nine spinal segments (64 screws) were augmented: 15 anteriorly (three patients) and 24 posteriorly (five patients). Dorsally, hemilaminectomy was performed at the level of all augmented screws to rule out CAC leakage. Autogenous bone graft was applied in all patients to induce fusion. Screw augmentation failure occurred in only one patient: 1 of the 16 ventral augmented screws (5.5%) was still loose after the augmentation procedure. In three other patients, 4 out of 48 augmented dorsal screws (5.5%) showed CAC leakage at the pedicle corpus vertebra level. Pedicle wall damage was present at two levels, while at two other levels no wall damage was found during visualization. No CAC-related complications were observed perioperatively. No implant migration was observed, and fusion was observed in all cases at follow-up examination performed at a mean of 32 months after surgery. (+info)Calcification of rachitic rat cartilage in vitro by extracellular matrix vesicles. (6/221)
Growth plate cartilage from rachitic rats was studied to assess the role in calcification of extracellular matrix vesicles, which are thought to participate in the initial stage of mineralization of connective tissue. The concentration of matrix vesicles and their distribution within the longitudinal septa was found to be normal in rats made rachitic by feeding by a diet low in vitamin D and phosphate for 3 weeks after weaning. Rachitic cartilage matrix did not contain circumvesicular clusters of apatite as does normal cartilage; however, occasional vesicles did enclose one or a few apatite needles. When slices of rachitic cartilage were incubated at 37 C in a metastable calcium phosphate solution ([Ca++] times [PO SEE ARTICLE] equals 3.5 mM identical to 2), apatite formation was initiated in association with matrix vesicles. Under these conditions, mineralization was prominent in the upper hypertrophic cartilage, where matrix vesicles became encrusted with apatite after only 2 to 3 hours of incubation. Vesicular apatite accumulation was inhibited by preheating the cartilage to 60 C for 30 minutes. Measurements of 45Ca uptake by rachitic cartilage slices from metastable calcium phosphates solution also indicated inhibition of calcification by heat. Light microscopic autoradiographs showed 45Ca localization primarily in the matrix of longitudinal septa and substantiated the inhibition site of mineralization in healing rachitic cartilage. The presence of apatite within rachitic vesicles prior to heating and the inhibition of vesicle calcification by heat suggests an active, enzymatically and mediated mechanism of vesicular calcification. (+info)Modification of electrochemically deposited apatite using supercritical water. (7/221)
Supercritical water was used as a modification method of electrochemically deposited apatite on pure titanium. The apatites were coated on a commercially pure titanium plate using a hydrothermal-electrochemical method. A constant direct current at 12.5 mA/cm2 was loaded for 1 hr at 25, 60, 100, 150 and 200 degrees C in an electrolyte containing calcium and phosphate ions. The deposited apatite on the titanium substrate was stored in supercritical water at 450 degrees C under 45 MPa for 8 hr. With this treatment, the crystallinity of the apatites increased, sharp edges of the deposited apatites were rounded off, and the bonding strength of the titanium substrate to the deposited apatites significantly increased. On the other hand, weight loss in 0.01 N HCl decreased and the weight gain rate in a simulated body fluid also decreased with this treatment. It is suggested that the modification using supercritical water improved the mechanical strength of the deposited apatite, but worsened its bioactivity. (+info)Calcium apatite crystals in synovial fluid rice bodies. (8/221)
BACKGROUND: Rice bodies can occur in the joints in many rheumatic conditions, but they are most common in rheumatoid arthritis. They are generally believed to occur rarely in patients with osteoarthritis, but one study reported rice bodies with apatite crystals. OBJECTIVE: To report on a series of joint fluids with rice bodies containing apatite clumps and examine their clinical pictures. METHODS: All synovial fluid analysis reports for 10 years were reviewed for rice bodies and eight patients were reported on. A series of patients with a variety of diseases with synovial fluid rice bodies found to contain calcific material is described. All were examined by compensated polarised light and alizarin red stain, and four were examined by electron microscopy. RESULTS: The eight patients all had alizarin red S chunks embedded throughout the rice body. Transmission electron microscopy disclosed the presence of a matrix of collagen, fibrin, and amorphous materials containing typical apatite crystals. Clinical diagnoses, radiographic findings, and leucocyte counts varied, but six of the eight patients had had previous repeated corticosteroid injections into the joints. CONCLUSION: Aggregates of apatites may be more common than previously recognised in rice bodies as they are not routinely sought. Whether they are a result of joint damage or depot steroid injections and whether that might contribute to further joint injury now needs to be investigated. (+info)
Fluorapatite crystal synonyms, fluorapatite crystal antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Factors controlling sulfur concentrations in volcanic apatite
Optimization of poly(ε-caprolactone) surface properties for apatite formation and improved osteogenic stimulation - Choong -...
Appearance of cell-adhesion factor in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation of apatite coating titanium by blast coating...
apatite and phosphorus mining
Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation on Silver Doped Hydroxyapatite/Polydimethylsiloxane Composite Layer
Patent US5128146 - Apatite coated article and process for producing the same - Google Patents
Crystallisation in fluorapatite-fluorphlogopite glass ceramics - University of Salford Institutional Repository
Patent US7785648 - Adherent apatite coating on titanium substrate using chemical deposition - Google Patents
Hydrothermal Conversion of Calcite Foam to Carbonate Apatite - Advances in Bioceramics and Porous Ceramics VI - Tram - Wiley...
Natural Blue Apatite Gemstone Cuff Bracelet
- Free Spirit Shop
Simulated body fluid - Wikipedia
Substitution of sulfate in apatite | American Mineralogist | GeoScienceWorld
The significance of apatite inclusions in soil phosphorus studies
Bead, apatite (natural), 4x2mm-5x3mm hand-cut faceted rondelle with 0.4-1mm hole, B- grade, Mohs hardness 5. Sold per 9-inch...
Variability of apatite fission-track annealing kinetics; III, Extrapolation to geological time scales | American Mineralogist |...
Yellow Apatite - Crystal Reading
Cal Apatite with Boron 270 tab,Metagenics nutrients,boron supplement, metabolism herb
Brian Clarkson | MCubed
Calcium - Metagenics - Cal Apatite Bone Builder Chewable Natural Chocolate - 90 Tablets
Cal Apatite Bone Builder with Magnesium by Metagenics: Cal Apatite Bone Builder with Magnesium 180 count On Sale In Stock...
Metagenics Cal Apatite Bone Builder Extra Strength - 180 Tablets - eVitamins.com
CENOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE EASTERN ALPS - A RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON 40AR/39AR WHITE MICA, ZIRCON AND APATITE FISSION...
APATITE ROUGH / MEDIUM
- Stoned + Saged
EAP - Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences - Publications.
In vivo biomechanical stability of osseointegrating mesoporous TiO2 implants
Ta-Al composite layer
Ecographica: July 2009
Ti-6Al-4V Synthesized by Mechanical Alloy Method and Mechanical and Bioactivity Properties of Ti-6Al-4V/HA-Clay Nano composite
Bond Apatite | Bone Graft Cement | New Line Medical
A Grade Blue Apatite 10mm Round - 15-16 Inch - Dakota Stones
DOPED APATITE NANOPARTICLES: CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOMEDICAL RELEVANCE by Jessica Marie Gregory
Apatite Silver Pendant-3185MU | Rocks & Co.
Surface modification of biocompatible metallic materials for bone tissue engineering - DRO
Pulpdent - Welcome to the Classroom
ROCK PHOSPHATE - Egypt Globe
Synthesis, characterization and in vitro study of magnetic biphasic calcium sulfate-bioactive glass - Universiti Teknologi...
ZenGro® | Southern Implants
Synthesis of ion-substitued nanosized apatites and assessment of dispersibility and cell culture behaviour
Metallogeny of the Northern Norrbotten Ore Province, northern Fennoscandian Shield with emphasis on IOCG and apatite-iron ore...
Arianne Phosphate secures approval for $1.2bn Lac à Paul project in Canada
apatite processing plant in mexico
Absolutely no apatite, no fever, lethargic --9 years old, weighs 5 lb. | Ask petMD | petMD
Can Break Apatite Crusher
Jill D. Pasteris
LM-Arte Posterior Misura - Styleitaliano
Mechanics of Tissues and Biomimics
In vitro assessment of osteoblastic differentiation of encapsulated stromal cells in alginate/octacalcium phosphate<...
Adsorption of DNA on biomimetic apatites: Toward the understanding of the role of bone and tooth mineral on the preservation of...
The role of intracellular calcium phosphate in osteoblast-mediated bone apatite formation
Octacalcium phosphate crystals directly stimulate expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase through p38 and JNK mitogen...
Metagenics - Cal Apatite Bone Builder with Magnesium - 180 Tablets
Patent US5952399 - Polymerisable dental material and use of apatite fillers in the dental material - Google Patents
100-NR-2 Apatite Treatability Test: High-Concentration Calcium-Citrate-Phosphate Solution Injection for In Situ Strontium-90...
Fibronectin-calcium phosphate composite layer on hydroxyapatite to enhance adhesion, cell spread and osteogenic differentiation...
US8012218B2 - Medical bone prosthetic material and process for producing the same
- Google Patents
2012, Graduate Research, Developing Methods for Determining Bone Protein Effects on Apatite Crystallization. - Central Michigan...
2012, Graduate Research, Developing Methods for Determining Bone Protein Effects on Apatite Crystallization. - Central Michigan...
small manganese mineral powder dryer in uganda - PANOLA Machinery
Blue Apatite Chip dangle Earrings
Apatite Sterling Silver Jewelry | hsn
Overestimate of Lunar Water? - SpaceRef
Lakeside Views: 2010
Bulletin of Materials Science | Indian Academy of Sciences
South African Apatite Phosphates Stone Crusher Machine
Phosphorus and iron cycling in deep saprolite, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico | LCZO-Data
Compositional variations of zirconolite from the Evate apatite deposit (Mozambique) as an indicator of magmatic-hydrothermal...
Blue Fresh Water Pearl and Light Apatite Earrings - League of NH Craftsmen
Blue Fresh Water Pearl and Light Apatite Earrings - League of NH Craftsmen
Stud earrings of apatite - Esha NY | Pinkoi
Project Report Of Dicalcium Phosphate In Small Scale
Pulpdent - Welcome to the Classroom
Standardizing infra-red measures of bone mineral crystallinity: An experimental approach<...
Where is fluorine found? | Reference.com
di calcium phosphate
Download Precision Crystallization: Theory And Practice Of Controlling Crystal Size
Patente US20100101676 - Composite Tubing - Google Patentes
English
The Tyler Shale: Waste Overburden or Phosphate Ore? | Wisconsin Citizens Media Cooperative
The Tyler Shale: Waste Overburden or Phosphate Ore? | Wisconsin Citizens Media Cooperative
Definition for phosphorus
Body & Soul Gem Water Bottle - Sotre Collection
Compactation in sedimentary basins
KAKEN - Research Projects | Studies on syntheses and functional analysis of dental glass-ceramics prepared by the sol-gel...
Mohs scale of mineral hardness
For example, if some material is scratched by apatite but not by fluorite, its hardness on the Mohs scale would fall between 4 ...
Tricalcium phosphate
Especially, the common mineral apatite has formula Ca5(PO4)3X, where X is F, Cl, OH, or a mixture; it is hydroxyapatite if the ... Vallet-Regí, M.;Rodríguez-Lorenzo, L.M. (November 1997). "Synthesis and characterisation of calcium deficient apatite". Solid ... Elliott, J.C. (1994). "3 - Hydroxyapatite and Nonstoichiometric Apatites". Studies in Inorganic Chemistry. 18. Elsevier. pp. ... Preparation involves the sintering causing the irreversible decomposition of calcium deficient apatites alternatively termed ...
Amicite
ISBN 0-945005-07-5. "Kirovskii apatite mine. Mindat". Viñals, J., Calvo, M., Sanz, A. y Martí, J. (2013). "Zeolites and ...
Institute of Solid State Physics (Bulgaria)
". "Bone-Like Apatite". "Atomic Force Microscope". "Cubic Aluminium Nitride". "Sensor for Linear Position". "Acoustoelectronics ...
Chitosan
Tampieri, A; Celotti, G; Landi, E (2005). "From biomimetic apatites to biologically inspired composites". Analytical and ...
Cathedral Peak Granodiorite
apatite - 0.3 volume percent. Prismatic crystals. titanite. Irregular fine-grained crystals. Can appear in euhedral habit. ...
Appetite
Not to be confused with apatite.. Appetite is the desire to eat food, sometimes due to hunger. Appealing foods can stimulate ...
Bioavailability
Ma, Qi-Ying; Traina, Samuel J.; Logan, Terry J.; Ryan, James A. (1993). "In situ lead immobilization by apatite". Environmental ...
Biomineralization
The aim of biomimetics is to mimic the natural way of producing minerals such as apatites. Many man-made crystals require ... which is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Hydroxyapatite crystals are ... These fungi have been found to corrode apatite and galena minerals.[18] Degradation of minerals by fungi is carried out through ... superficial processes of apatite and calcite precipitation in Quaternary soils, Roussillon, France". Sedimentology. 46 (3): 463 ...
List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association
... apatite group and apatite supergroup; kaolinite-serpentine group (alias serpentine), serpentine subgroup, serpentinization and ... Some examples: rocksalt (a redirect), halite and sodium chloride; kaolin earth (a redirect) and kaolinite; apatite, strict ... "Nomenclature of the apatite supergroup minerals". European Journal of Mineralogy. 22 (2): 163-179. Bibcode:2010EJMin..22..163P ...
Alforsite
... is a hexagonal colorless crystal in the chemical class phosphates and the group apatite. It is found in certain parts ... Alforsite is a constituent of the apatite group of minerals. It crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system with a point group ... Pasero, M.; Kampf, R. A.; Erraris, C.; Pekov, V. I.; Rakovan, J. & White, J. T. (2010). Nomenclature of the apatite supergroup ... Minerals that belong to different groups, such as silicates, and sulfates exhibit the structural typology of apatite. This can ...
Geology of the Australian Capital Territory
Minor minerals are apatite and zircon. The surrounding Pittman formation rocks have been metamorphosed in a contact aureole to ...
Tamdakht meteorite
Plagioclase is Ab83-86 An5-15 Or7-2. Ca-phosphate (merrillite and Cl-apatite). Chromite: Cr# (100× molar Cr/[Cr + Al]) = 82. ... Numerous pockets with chromite, plagioclase and phosphate (merrilite and Cl-apatite). Kamacite, with deformed Neumann bands, ...
Mount Takahe
Phenocrysts include mainly plagioclase, with less common olivine and titanomagnetite; apatite has been reported as well. The ...
Cerro Chao
Some hornblende crystals have diameters of up to 2 centimetres (0.79 in). Apatite and zircon are accessory minerals. Based on ...
Kukisvumchorr
Apatite is mined from the area. The nearby Kukisvumchorr Microdistrict shares the same name as the mountain. An earthquake ...
Fluorellestadite
They are members of the apatite group, but whereas phosphorus is one of the chief constituents of apatite, in ellestadite it is ... Its hardness is 4+1⁄2, between that of fluorite and apatite, and its specific gravity is 3.03 to 3.07, similar to that of ... It is a member of the apatite group, and forms a series with hydroxylellestadite. The mineral was originally named wilkeite by ... groups in the apatite structure; ellestadite, the end member American Mineralogist 22: 977-986 Richard V. Gaines (1997) Dana's ...
Sodium monofluorophosphate
Apatite is a hard, insoluble compound. Acid (H+), produced especially after a high-sugar meal, attacks the apatite: Ca5(PO4)3OH ... Ca5(PO4)3+(aq) + F−(aq) → Ca5(PO4)3F(s) Fluorapatite resists attacks by acids better than apatite itself, so the tooth enamel ... The process is reversible as saliva supplies back OH− to reform apatite. If fluoride, F−, ions are present in saliva, ... s) + H+(aq) → Ca5(PO4)3+(aq) + H2O(ℓ) The degradation of apatite by loss of OH− causes the enamel to dissolve. ...
Julia Lee-Thorp
Carbon isotope analysis of fossil bone apatite. S. Afr. J. Sci. 83: 712-713 Lee-Thorp J.A., N.J. van der Merwe 1991. Aspects of ... apatite) as the sample material instead of traditionally used collagen. Lee-Thorp remained at her alma mater, working as a ... "Stable carbon isotope ratio differences between bone collagen and bone apatite, and their relationship to diet". Journal of ... "Aspects of the chemistry of modern and fossil biological apatites". Journal of Archaeological Science. 18 (3): 343-354. doi: ...
Brigid Heywood
... morphology and crystal growth of biogenic and synthetic apatites". Connective Tissue Research. 25 (2): 103-119. doi:10.3109/ ...
Asteroidal water
R chondrites contain amphibole minerals, and lesser biotites and apatites. As with the other classes and subclasses, the R ... Jones, R (2016). "Phosphate Minerals in the H Group of Ordinary Chondrites, and Fluid Activity Recorded in Apatite ... Clues from apatite in eucrites". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 48 (11): 2135-2154. Bibcode:2013M&PS...48.2135S. doi:10.1111/ ...
Sulfate fluoride
Ptáček, Petr (2016-04-13). Apatites and their Synthetic Analogues: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications. BoD - ...
Atom probe
Gordon, L.M.; Tran, L.; Joester, D. (2012). "Atom Probe Tomography of Apatites and Bone-Type Mineralized Tissues". ACS Nano. 6 ...
Sulfate chloride
May 2014). "Synthesis and thermal expansion of M 3 I M 2 II (SO4)3L (L = Halogen) compounds with the apatite structure". ... Perret, René; Bouillet, Anne-Marie (1975). "Les apatites˗sulfates Na3Cd2 (SO4)3Cl et Na3Pb2 (SO4)3Cl". Bulletin de Minéralogie ... The first apatite-type sulfate ultraviolet nonlinear optical material with sharply enlarged birefringence". Journal of Alloys ...
List of hiking trails in Maine
Leeds Mount Apatite, 7.6 miles (12.2 km); Auburn Mount David, 0.2 miles (0.32 km); Lewiston Paper Mill Trail, 2.1 miles (3.4 km ...
SS Tobruk
Tobruk was carrying a cargo of Apatite. She departed Murmansk on 8 September bound for Archangelsk, from where she joined the ...
Urease
Infection stones Infection induced urinary stones are a mixture of struvite (MgNH4PO4•6H2O) and carbonate apatite [Ca10(PO4)6• ...
Ødegården Verk
Almost immediately phosphate minerals such as apatite were in high demand, and it was discovered that the apatite found in ... Apatite and other minerals were originally transported by horse and cart by local farmers from the site to one of three local ... Apatite samples taken from the mines were described as course, hard lumps with a white yellowish color and an average of 85% ... Apatite samples from the Dahll mine were among the minerals presented as part of Norway's exhibit at the 1876 Centennial ...
Hydroxyapatite
Stoichiometric apatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 has a Ca/P ratio of 10:6 normally expressed as 1.67. The non-stoichiometric phases have ... Naturally occurring apatites can, however, also have brown, yellow, or green colorations, comparable to the discolorations of ... Hydroxyapatite is the hydroxyl endmember of the complex apatite group. The OH− ion can be replaced by fluoride, chloride or ... Hydroxyapatite, also called hydroxylapatite (HA), is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca5 ...
Pajarito, Boyacá
Secondary minerals are apatite and hydrothermal chlorite. The first inhabitants of the village may have been indigenous people ...
Apatite - Wikipedia
Apatite is one of a few minerals produced and used by biological micro-environmental systems. Apatite is the defining mineral ... The apatite in phosphorite is present as cryptocrystalline masses referred to as collophane. The primary use of apatite is in ... Apatites are also a proposed host material for storage of nuclear waste, along with other phosphates. Apatite is infrequently ... However, apatite often contains uranium and its equally radioactive decay-chain nuclides. Apatite is an ore mineral at the ...
An apatite for progress | EurekAlert! Science News
Apatite chemistry has recently given new insight into a wide range of geological processes and tools, such as magmatism, ... In their open-access Geology article, Emilie Bruand and colleagues expand the utility of apatite by presenting a novel way to ... Apatite has recently gained considerable attention as a mineral with many uses within the Earth and planetary sciences. ... fingerprint magma chemistry and petrogenesis using apatite inclusions within robust titanite and zircon. ...
Apatite | Definition of Apatite by Merriam-Webster
Apatite definition is - any of a group of calcium phosphate minerals occurring in various colors as hexagonal crystals, as ... Share apatite Post the Definition of apatite to Facebook Share the Definition of apatite on Twitter ... Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about apatite. Comments on apatite What made you want to look up apatite? Please tell us ... First Known Use of apatite. 1794, in the meaning defined above. History and Etymology for apatite. borrowed from German Apatit, ...
Apatite-(CaOH) Mineral Data
PEApatite-(CaOH) = 5.78 barns/electron. U=PEApatite-(CaOH) x rElectron Density= 18.19 barns/cc.. ... Google Search for Apatite-(CaOH). Ask about Apatite-(CaOH) here :. Ask-A-Mineralogist from the Mineralogical Society of America ... Print or Cut-and-Paste your Apatite-(CaOH) Specimen Label here :. Apatite-(CaOH) ... Visit our Advertisers for Apatite-(CaOH) :. Dakota Matrix Minerals Google Search for Apatite-(CaOH). Excalibur Mineral Corp. ...
Apatite - New World Encyclopedia
Impure, massive apatite is called phosphorite.. Apatite is distributed widely in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, ... This group includes minerals such as apatite, mimetite, pyromorphite, and vanadinite.. Etymology. The name apatite is derived ... B. & C. Gobin, Worldwide Fine Minerals by B & C GobinApatite Mineral Data. Webmineral.com Retrieved May 8, 2007. ... Apatite has a hardness of 5 on the Mohs scale, and its specific gravity is between 3.1 and 3.2. Its crystals belong to the ...
Apatite-(CaF) Mineral Data
Visit our Advertisers for Apatite-(CaF) :. A Bijoux Google Search for Apatite-(CaF). Adams Minerals Google Search for Apatite ... PEApatite-(CaF) = 5.79 barns/electron. U=PEApatite-(CaF) x rElectron Density= 18.38 barns/cc.. ... Apatite-(CaF) Beryl Muscovite Apatite. Comments: Pink crystals of fluorapatite with pale blue beryl (aquamarine) on books of ... Google Search for Apatite-(CaF). Ask about Apatite-(CaF) here :. Ask-A-Mineralogist from the Mineralogical Society of America. ...
What is apatite used for? | Reference.com
Apatite is a rich source of phosphorus that is used in the production of food supplements, pharmaceuticals, textiles, ceramics ... Apatite is primarily composed of calcium and phosphorus. This natural abundance in phosphorus makes apatite a useful mineral in ... Apatite comes in a variety of colors, including green, yellow, pink, white, purple, red, blue and brown. It registers a ... Apatite is widely distributed across the continents, with an estimated world reserve of 47 billion tons. The state of Florida ...
Structure and Chemistry of the Apatites and Other Calcium Orthophosphates, Volume 18 - 1st Edition
Purchase Structure and Chemistry of the Apatites and Other Calcium Orthophosphates, Volume 18 - 1st Edition. Print Book & E- ... A-type carbonate apatite, Ca10(PO4)6CO3. Synthetic high temperature B-type carbonate apatites. Carbonate apatites from aqueous ... Biological apatites. Electron spin resonance of X-irradiated carbonate apatites. Summary. Appendix. Calculated X-ray ... Apatites other than those containing calcium and phosphorus are included. Synthetic, mineral and biological carbonate apatites ...
Great deals from GEMSTOREONLINE Mineral Source in Apatite-Blue- | eBay Stores
Frontiers | Apatite Glass-Ceramics: A Review | Materials
Due to the ease of solid solution of the apatite lattice, rare earth doped apatite GCs are discussed for potential applications ... Due to the ease of solid solution of the apatite lattice, rare earth doped apatite GCs are discussed for potential applications ... Most apatite GCs crystallize through a homogenous nucleation and crystallization mechanism, which is aided by a prior liquid- ... Most apatite GCs crystallize through a homogenous nucleation and crystallization mechanism, which is aided by a prior liquid- ...
Apatite - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals with high concentrations of OH−, F−, Cl− or ions, respectively, in the crystal. ... 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Apatite. Webmineral *↑ National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. The story of fluoridation; 2008- ... Much bone material is in a relatively rare form of apatite. In this form most of the OH groups are absent, and there are many ... Apatite is characteristic of biological systems. It is one of a few minerals produced and used by biological micro- ...
Gene Delivery Potential of Biofunctional Carbonate Apatite Nanoparticles in Lungs
Therefore, carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) nanoparticles were examined as an alternative strategy for effective gene delivery to the ... E. H. Chowdhury, "pH-sensitive nano-crystals of carbonate apatite for smart and cell-specific transgene delivery," Expert ... E. H. Chowdhury and T. Akaike, "A bio-recognition device developed onto nano-crystals of carbonate apatite for cell-targeted ... E. H. Chowdhury, A. Maruyama, A. Kano et al., "pH-sensing nano-crystals of carbonate apatite: effects on intracellular delivery ...
Exclusive Honey Green Natural Apatite cat's Eye - 4.27
Patent US5128146 - Apatite coated article and process for producing the same - Google Patents
... and a process for producing such an apatite coated article. ... an apatite layer which is formed by flame spraying apatite ... An apatite coated article comprising a substrate having thereon ... The apatite layer of the apatite coated article of the present ... An apatite coated article comprising a substrate having thereon an apatite layer which is formed by flame spraying apatite ... An apatite coated article comprising a substrate having thereon an apatite layer which is formed by flame spraying apatite ...
Low Temperature Carbonate Phosphate Materials or the Carbonate - Apatite Problem: A Review | SpringerLink
Apatite containing carbonate, the usual species present in vertebrate tissues and in phosphorites, however,... ... Carbonate Apatite Apatite Structure Apatitic Phase Carbonate Substitution Apatitic Mineral These keywords were added by machine ... The problem of carbonate apatites. III Carbonate apatite from Magnet Cove, Arkansas. Amer. Mineral., 25:157-167.Google Scholar ... Contribution a létude de le carbonatation des apatites. I. Synthese et etude des proprieties physico-chemiques des apatites ...
Patent US7785648 - Adherent apatite coating on titanium substrate using chemical deposition - Google Patents
... converted to a less reactive coating by being immersed into a basic or neutral solution to convert the coating into an apatite ... The Ca/P molar ratio of the apatite coating was calculated as 1.79. However, when Na-for-Ca substitution in the apatite was ... If the initial coating from step one is to be converted to a less reactive apatite coating (such as apatite, carbonate- ... show SEM micrographs of the Apatite coating (after monetite-to-apatite transformation) at low (C) and high (D) magnifications. ...
Influence of Calcium Phosphate and Apatite Containing Products on Enamel Erosion
Solubility and Surface Complexation Studies of Apatites
Apatites are a diverse class of phosphate minerals that are important in a great variety of natural and industrial processes. ... Hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3OH, (HAP) and fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3F, (FAP) are similar to the biological apatite that is the main ... Solubility and Surface Complexation Studies of Apatites. Bengtsson, Åsa Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, ... The results from these studies showed that both apatites form surface layers that are different from their bulk compositions ...
Peroxide-doped apatites: Preparation and effect of synthesis parameters - Archive ouverte HAL
The second protocol tested consisted in the direct apatite precipitation in the presence of H2O2 in themedium (at room ... C allowed us to reach the complete β-TCP-to-apatite hydrolysis process, and the obtained samples exhibited a high crystallinity ... temperature). This protocol led to single-phased nanocrystalline apatites, and our data indicate that part of the apatitic OH− ... This contribution focused on the preparation of peroxide-doped calciumphosphate apatites--in viewof potential uses as bioactive ...
Apatite Handcrafted Jewellery | eBay
... s largest selection of Apatite Handcrafted Jewellery. Free delivery and free returns on eBay Plus items ... The apatite necklace with a sterling silver lobster claw clasp and 2" extension chain is of AAA apatite quality. Each apatite ... 4mm Natural Apatite Small Beads x45 Beads. Material Apatite, 925 Sterling Silver. Main Stone Apatite. 925 Sterling Silver(Non- ... 4mm Natural Apatite Small Beads x39 Beads. Material Apatite, Sterling Silver. Main Stone Apatite. No problem. ...
Apatite mineral important constituent of tooth enamel
Calcium Phosphate, Apatite | ClipArt ETC
Crowned dens syndrome: a manifestation of hydroxy-apatite rheumatism | SpringerLink
The authors report one case of this rare localization of hydroxy-apatite... ... Alcalay M, Debiais F, Macro M, Wendling D, Tavernier Ch, Le Goff P, Le Parc JM (1992) The crowned dens syndrome and apatite ... Crowned odontoid hydroxy-apatite rheumatism occipitocervical region odontoid process This is a preview of subscription content ... The authors report one case of this rare localization of hydroxy-apatite rheumatism and review 12 similar cases in the ...
Apatite Purity - Gemisphere
Apatite Purity protects and supports the health of the bones, teeth, joints, and connective tissue by clearing unhealthy auric ... The collection also includes Apatite Vitality and Apatite Strength, which feature Apatite, and Star Aqua and Earth Aqua, which ... Apatite Purity necklaces contain Sodalight spheres and Apatite and White Flash Moonstone rondels. ... Apatite Purity. Strengthening the Bodys Structure. Apatite Purity protects and supports the health of the bones, teeth, joints ...
Apatite Purity - Gemisphere
Apatite Purity protects and supports the health of the bones, teeth, joints, and connective tissue by clearing unhealthy auric ... The collection also includes Apatite Vitality and Apatite Strength, which feature Apatite, and Star Aqua and Earth Aqua, which ... Apatite Purity necklaces contain Sodalight spheres and Apatite and White Flash Moonstone rondels. ... Because of Apatites softness, nearly all the Apatite available on the market today has been treated with an epoxy resin to " ...
Dental Material And Composite Dental Material Formed By Using Hydroxy Apatite - Ishimoto, Mitsunori
It is intended to provide a dental material formed by using a hydroxy apatite, which is suitable for performing the guided bone ... The hydroxy apatite 12 used for the examples is in the form of particles. The hydroxy apatite has an average particle diameter ... In Example 1, the hydroxy apatite 12 is applied so that the hydroxy apatite 12 is disposed at least on the bone developing site ... In the case of using the hydroxy apatite in combination with the membrane main body, the hydroxy apatite is disposed on the ...
Products By Blue Apatite Stone Type
Patent US5952399 - Polymerisable dental material and use of apatite fillers in the dental material - Google Patents
Also described is a process for using the mixed apatites A1), A2) and/or A3) in polymerisable dental materials. ... one or more mixed apatites of the type A1) A10 (XO4)6 Z2 +/B*10-u C*u (Y*)6 Z2 and/or A2) A10-r (XO4)6-s Z2-t +/Br (Y)s ... one mixed apatite of type A1), one mixed apatite of type A2) and one mixed apatite of type A3). ... Publication (9) relates exclusively to phosphate apatites. Strontium phosphate apatite has, as does calcium phosphate apatite, ...
GemstonePhosphatesAbstractMetagenicsForm of apatiteHydroxylIonsMineralBiological1000Blue Apatite from MadagascarPhosphoriteFormationFluorapatiteIron oxide-apatiteCompositesMagnesiumHardnessCrystalsCat's-eye apatiteDeposits of apatiteRelative to apatiteMCHCHydroxyMorphologyFluoridePhosphorusDissolutionHydroxyapatiteName apatiteCommercial apatiteCarbonate apatitesOxygenElectronMineralizationIgneousHydroxylapatitePhosphate mineralsInorganicInclusionsBerylSubstrateEarringsVolcanic rocksRadioactiveCollagenThroat chakraNaOHConductivityBiomaterialsNanoparticlesNucleationSubstitutionsBiomimeticPreferentiallyBone Builder Extra StrengthNecklaceCa10Oxide-ion
Gemstone8
- Apatite is infrequently used as a gemstone. (wikipedia.org)
- However, due to its brittleness and relatively low hardness, apatite is not regarded as a precious mineral or gemstone. (reference.com)
- Although it is not considered a valuable gemstone, apatite can be used to make earrings, brooches and pendants. (reference.com)
- Gorgeous handmade bohemian gold Leaf charm Earrings with pretty teal assorted beads & Apatite gemstone beads. (ebay.com.au)
- Gemstone : Apatite (Genuine). (ebay.com.au)
- For crystal healers, apatite is a gemstone to clear away the fog left by negative and toxic emotions, letting the chakra pathways to flow more freely. (firemountaingems.com)
- This gemstone is a natural 6.31 x 4.89 x 2.81mm oval cabochon Apatite. (gemselect.com)
- This gemstone is a natural 6.54 x 6.48 x 3.92mm cushion-cut Apatite. (gemselect.com)
Phosphates4
- Apatites are also a proposed host material for storage of nuclear waste, along with other phosphates. (wikipedia.org)
- The apatites and related calcium phosphates have been of considerable interest to biologists, mineralogists, and inorganic and industrial chemists for many years. (elsevier.com)
- The resulting glass-ceramic included Nasicontype-CaTi4(PO4)6, titanium phosphates, such as (TiO)2P2O7 and Ti(PO3)3, and TiO2 (anatase) with apatite crystal, which was induced by incorporation of fluorine. (scientific.net)
- Isotopic analyses of Palaeozoic phosphates are predominantly undertaken on the bio-apatite of ichthyolith (fish microfossil) and conodont elements. (lyellcollection.org)
Abstract2
- Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the crystallization behavior and in-vitro bioactivity character of glass ceramics having 3:7 weight ratio of fluorapatite (Ca10(PO4)6F2) to potassium mica (K2Mg3AlSi3O10F2) as a function of cerium oxide addition, and compare the morphology of hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer formation depending on cerium oxide addition. (scientific.net)
- ABSTRACT: Oxygen isotopic ratios of conodont apatite can be a robust proxy for sea surface temperatures and provide important constraints on global climate. (micropress.org)
Metagenics8
- Metagenics Cal Apatite Bone Builder is a blend of calcium , phosphorus and microcrystalline hydroxyapatite concentrate (MCHC) to benefit bone health and encourage the increase of bone density. (earthturns.com)
- Metagenics Cal Apatite Bone Builder is made in America to assure quality, safety and purity. (earthturns.com)
- Encourage healthier, stronger bones with Cal Apatite Bone Builder Extra Strength from Metagenics. (evitamins.com)
- Cal Apatite Bone Builder Extra Strength from Metagenics provides a beneficial dose of calcium to strengthen and support bone health with 1,011 mg per serving. (evitamins.com)
- Your bones will be feeling stronger, denser and healthier when you take Cal Apatite Bone Builder Extra Strength from Metagenics. (evitamins.com)
- In my opinion the best supplement for bone nutrition is Cal Apatite with Magnesium by Metagenics. (drjeffreytucker.com)
- For stronger bone development I recommend Ostera (Metagenics), Cal Apatite Plus (Metagenics), Vitamin D3 (2-5 grams daily), and EPA-DHA 720 (Metagenics). (drjeffreytucker.com)
- Cal Apatite Bone Builder Extra Strength is part of Metagenics Muscle, Bone, & Joint Health product line. (acuatlanta.net)
Form of apatite4
- A relatively rare form of apatite in which most of the OH groups are absent and containing many carbonate and acid phosphate substitutions is a large component of bone material. (wikipedia.org)
- In particular, hydroxylapatite is the main constituent of tooth enamel, and a special form of apatite is found in bone . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- One form of apatite called hydroxylapatite is used to stimulate bone growth on severed bone and body implants. (reference.com)
- Much bone material is in a relatively rare form of apatite. (wikipedia.org)
Hydroxyl5
- Fluoridated water allows exchange in the teeth of fluoride ions for hydroxyl groups in apatite. (wikipedia.org)
- Hydroxylapatite is the hydroxyl endmember of the apatite group. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Preparation of other apatites with hydroxyl ions. (elsevier.com)
- Composition: Apatite is calcium fluorine-chlorine-hydroxyl phosphate, often with manganese and cerium. (bestcrystals.com)
- Hydroxyl apatite: научные публикации и статьи по тематике. (scholar.ru)
Ions10
- Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually referring to hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ions, respectively, in the crystal. (wikipedia.org)
- These three forms of apatite are not readily distinguishable, as each specimen usually contains all three types of ions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- This protocol led to single-phased nanocrystalline apatites, and our data indicate that part of the apatitic OH− ions were substituted by oxygenated species, and typically by peroxide ions (quantified). (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- The analysis required, besides the two solubility equilibria, the formation of surface protonation/deprotonation reactions, re-adsorption processes involving phosphate and fluoride ions as well as an ion exchange reaction (≡F + H 2 O ⇋ ≡OH + H + + F - ) to fully describe the dissolution characteristics of the two apatite systems. (degruyter.com)
- Surface analysis results showed that 10-33% of Ca ions in the apatite have been substituted by Sr ions, and that the Sr ions were chemically bonded with apatite and successfully incorporated into the structure of apatite. (diva-portal.org)
- Biologically relevant ions like strontium, silicon and fluoride were incorporated into apatite coatings. (diva-portal.org)
- The apatite layer contained phosphate and carbonates ions, providing potentially good in vitro bioactivity on polymeric films. (gla.ac.uk)
- Most beneficially, the apatite layer that subsequently was grown on pre-treated PEEK and UHMWPE films through immersion in 1.5 SBF contained phosphate and carbonate ions, in similar ratios to those found in the apatite in dentine, thus, promising good in vivo bioactivity of these polymer films-a necessity if they are to be integrated into artificial cornea. (gla.ac.uk)
- When sodium is the counter ion in the sulfate reagent, the molar amounts of both sodium and sulfate in the product apatite can be explained by assuming charge compensation by sodium ions and sulfate displacement of phosphate and calcium. (geoscienceworld.org)
- With potassium and rubidium as counter ions, less of the counter ion is incorporated than sulfate, probably a result of less favorable accommodation of the larger cation in the apatite structure. (geoscienceworld.org)
Mineral11
- The mineral was named apatite by the German geologist Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1786, although the specific mineral he had described was reclassified as fluorapatite in 1860 by the German mineralogist Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg. (wikipedia.org)
- Apatite is the defining mineral for 5 on the Mohs scale. (wikipedia.org)
- Apatite is an ore mineral at the Hoidas Lake rare-earth project. (wikipedia.org)
- Boulder, Colo., USA - Apatite has recently gained considerable attention as a mineral with many uses within the Earth and planetary sciences. (eurekalert.org)
- Bruand and colleagues present trace element data from apatite mineral inclusions shielded within magmatic zircon and titanite. (eurekalert.org)
- This natural abundance in phosphorus makes apatite a useful mineral in several industries. (reference.com)
- Synthetic, mineral and biological carbonate apatites are also considered. (elsevier.com)
- Subsequent release of these P reserves into the local marine environment as Pi results in biologically induced phosphorite nucleation.Polyphosphates may be associated with biologically controlled apatite nucleation within vertebrates and invertebrates.Enzymatic polyphosphate depolymerization would increase apatite saturation to the level required for mineral nucleation, while matrix proteins would simultaneously control the progression of new biological apatite formation. (nih.gov)
- This review serves to draw parallels between two newly described phosphorite mineralization processes, and proposes a similar novel mechanism for biologically controlled apatite mineral nucleation. (nih.gov)
- Enzymatic polyphosphate depolymerization would increase apatite saturation to the level required for mineral nucleation, while matrix proteins would simultaneously control the progression of new biological apatite formation. (nih.gov)
- Notice of Intent to award a cooperative agreement to the Missouri Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources in support of joint research on the origin and character of Precambrian-aged iron oxide, copper, gold (IOCG) and iron oxide apatite and rare earth element (IOA) mineral resources and their host rocks in the midcontinent region of the United States. (federalgrantswire.com)
Biological8
- Apatite is one of a few minerals produced and used by biological micro-environmental systems. (wikipedia.org)
- Biological apatites. (elsevier.com)
- Apatite is characteristic of biological systems. (wikipedia.org)
- Apatite compounds, particularly hydroxyapatite, have excellent biological affinity because of their similarity to the inorganic component constituting bones and teeth of living organisms. (google.com)
- Hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3OH, (HAP) and fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3F, (FAP) are similar to the biological apatite that is the main constituent of mammalian bone and teeth, and they are therefore promising materials for artificial bone and tooth implants. (diva-portal.org)
- Relationships between geological phosphorite deposition and biological apatite nucleation have often been overlooked. (nih.gov)
- However, similarities in biological apatite and phosphorite mineralogy suggest that their chemical formation mechanisms may be similar. (nih.gov)
- Historically, biological apatite nucleation has been attributed to either a biochemical increase in local Pi concentration or matrix-mediated apatite nucleation control. (nih.gov)
10002
- Cal Apatite 1000 features the same nutrients contained in original Cal Apatite, but with twice the amount (1,000 mg) of MCHC per tablet. (totaldiscountvitamins.com)
- Customer who purchased Cal Apatite Bone Builder Extra Strength (Formerly Cal Apatite 1000) 180 tablets online also bought the following products which may be of interest to you. (acuatlanta.net)
Blue Apatite from Madagascar1
- RM-APT Rough Blue Apatite from Madagascar, sold by the pound. (bestcrystals.com)
Phosphorite2
- The apatite in phosphorite is present as cryptocrystalline masses referred to as collophane. (wikipedia.org)
- Impure, massive apatite is called phosphorite . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Formation11
- 1969. Physical and chemical Factors in the formation of marine apatite. (springer.com)
- Relation of carbon dioxide content of apatite of the Phosphoria Formation to regional facies. (springer.com)
- Thin film X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of apatite on the surface after 10 days of soaking in SBF. (scientific.net)
- Home Key Engineering Materials Bioceramics 16 Biomimetic Apatite Formation on Chemically. (scientific.net)
- In this contribution, the paragenesis and formation of the quartz-apatite rocks from each intrusion is investigated and re-evaluated, supported by new electron microprobe (EPMA) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) data to better understand the mechanism of HREE enrichment. (nerc.ac.uk)
- In contrast to the previous work at Tundulu, we recognize three separate stages of apatite formation, comprising an "original" euhedral apatite, "turbid" apatite, and "overgrowths" of euhedral late apatite. (nerc.ac.uk)
- To improve bioactivity of the materials a two-step treatment using chemical surface modification (immersion in NaOH) and formation of apatite layers from Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) was applied. (gla.ac.uk)
- Moreover, 10M NaOH treatments resulted in more rapid formation of the apatite layer when compared with a non-treated and lower molarity solution. (gla.ac.uk)
- The favourable effect of NaOH on apatite formation may at least partly be attributed to an increased wettability of the polymer films after such treatment, as well as to the modified topography. (gla.ac.uk)
- This process involved a suitable chemical surface modification (via immersion in NaOH), with subsequent formation of apatite layers on the polymers' surfaces through exposure to supersaturated simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF). (gla.ac.uk)
- In the present work the effect of 5 and 10 M NaOH on formation of the apatite layer has been investigated with regard to wettability and topography features. (gla.ac.uk)
Fluorapatite3
- During digestion of apatite with sulfuric acid to make phosphoric acid, hydrogen fluoride is produced as a byproduct from any fluorapatite content. (wikipedia.org)
- Apatite is the name given to a group of phosphate minerals, usually referring to hydroxylapatite (or hydroxyapatite ), fluoroapatite (or fluorapatite ), and chloroapatite (or chlorapatite ). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- One of the apatites was fluorapatite and not hydroxylapatite, as claimed by the manufacturer. (niom.no)
Iron oxide-apatite2
- Iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits have served as an important source of iron in northern New York from the early 1800s to recent times [ 1 ]. (mdpi.com)
- Iron oxide-apatite and iron oxide-copper-gold deposits occur within ~1.48 to 1.47 Ga volcanic rocks of the St. Francois Mountains terrane near a regional boundary separating crustal blocks having contrasting depleted-mantle Sm-Nd model ages (T DM ). (usgs.gov)
Composites4
- However, a thicker layer is formed by using wollastonite and the agglomerates of the apatite layer are finer on the composites containing CaO-SiO2 glass. (scientific.net)
- Chowdhury, E.H., Kutsuzawa, K. and Akaike, T. (2005) Designing Smart nano-apatite Composites: The Emerging era of non-viral gene delivery. (scirp.org)
- Publications] Nobukazu Wakamatsu: 'Hot-pressing of hydroxy-apatite-polylactic acid composites for artificial bone. (nii.ac.jp)
- The results indicate that sulfate can be incorporated into biomaterials such as apatite or in composites with calcium sulfate and that the design of new apatites and composites could include the use of medically desirable counter cations. (geoscienceworld.org)
Magnesium4
- Carbonate apatite (CA) nanoparticles were formulated, characterized, loaded with a series of siRNAs, and delivered into MCF-7 and 4T1 breast cancer cells to selectively knockdown the respective calcium and magnesium ion channels and transporters. (mdpi.com)
- Cal Apatite Bone Builder with Magnesium is a Microcrystalline Hydroxyapatite Concentrate with Magnesium supporting normal muscle and bone function. (acuatlanta.net)
- Cal Apatite Bone Builder with Magnesium is part of Metagenic's Muscle, Bone & Joint Health product line. (acuatlanta.net)
- Buy Cal Apatite Bone Builder with Magnesium Online here at AcuAtlanta.net or our clinic. (acuatlanta.net)
Hardness4
- Apatite has a hardness of 5 on the Mohs scale , and its specific gravity is between 3.1 and 3.2. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Bead, apatite (natural), 4x2mm-5x3mm hand-cut faceted rondelle with 0.4-1mm hole, B- grade, Mohs hardness 5. (firemountaingems.com)
- Apatite Beads Grade B Apatite Blues Rondelle 2mm Natural https://www.firemountaingems.com/itemdetails/h20k9562cl H20K9562CL Bead, apatite (natural), 4x2mm-5x3mm hand-cut faceted rondelle with 0.4-1mm hole, B- grade, Mohs hardness 5. (firemountaingems.com)
- Bead, apatite (natural), 5x3mm-6x4mm hand-cut faceted rondelle with 0.4-1mm hole, B- grade, Mohs hardness 5. (firemountaingems.com)
Crystals6
- If crystals of rutile have grown in the crystal of apatite, in the right light the cut stone displays a cat's-eye effect. (wikipedia.org)
- In some cases, crystals of apatite have been cut and used as gems. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- It should be noted that phosphate, arsenate, and vanadate minerals with similar crystalline structures (hexagonal or pseudohexagonal monoclinic crystals) are known as the Apatite Group. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Apatite crystals from two types of samples were analyzed by electron microprobe for 15 major and trace elements: (1) apatite in H2O- and S-saturated experimental charges of the 1982 El Chicho? (usgs.gov)
- Chowdhury, E.H. (2007) pH-sensitive nano-crystals of carbonate apatite for smart and cell-specific transgene delivery. (scirp.org)
- Chowdhury, E.H. and Akaike, T. (2005) A Bio-recognition device developed onto nano-crystals of carbonate apatite for cell-targeted gene delivery. (scirp.org)
Cat's-eye apatite1
- Chatoyant stones are known as cat's-eye apatite, transparent green stones are known as asparagus stone, and blue stones have been called moroxite. (wikipedia.org)
Deposits of apatite1
- Geologists have used a radiometric dating technique (known as fission track dating) with natural deposits of apatite to get a sense of historical changes in temperature in mountain-forming belts and sedimentary basins. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Relative to apatite2
- However, the panner concentrated zircon relative to apatite 4-5X more than the control. (confex.com)
- These generations are also more LREE-enriched, relative to apatite that formed earlier. (nerc.ac.uk)
MCHC3
- Cal Apatite Bone Builder with Boron provides excellent bone health support with microcrystalline hydroxyapatite concentrate (MCHC), a highly absorbable crystalline compound that provides everything found in healthy bones and is backed by more than 30 years of research. (bayho.com)
- Cal Apatite Bone Builder Extra Strength provides normal bone support with microcrystalline hydroxyapatite concentrate (MCHC). (acuatlanta.net)
- Cal Apatite Bone Builder Extra Strength supports normal bone function with microcrystalline hydroxyapatite concentrate (MCHC), a highly absorbable crystalline compound. (acuatlanta.net)
Hydroxy8
- The authors report one case of this rare localization of hydroxy-apatite rheumatism and review 12 similar cases in the literature. (springer.com)
- Amor B, Cherot A, Delbarre F (1977) Le rhumatisme à hydroxy-apatite (la maladie des calcifications tendineuses multiples). (springer.com)
- It is intended to provide a dental material formed by using a hydroxy apatite, which is suitable for performing the guided bone regeneration (GBR) method in the implant therapy of dentistry. (freepatentsonline.com)
- Also, it is intended to provide a composite dental material which is a bioabsorbable film provided integrally with hydroxy apatite, which is capable of rapidly attracting the osteoblast and blocking the fibroblast. (freepatentsonline.com)
- 2. The dental material according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxy apatite has a structure that a layer of the hydroxy apatite is sandwiched by a bioabsorbable membrane from each of both sides thereof. (freepatentsonline.com)
- 4. The composite dental material of the bioabsorbable membrane provided integrally with the hydroxy apatite according to claim 3, wherein the bioabsorbable membrane is a collagen membrane. (freepatentsonline.com)
- 5. The composite dental material of the bioabsorbable membrane provided integrally with the hydroxy apatite according to claim 3, wherein the hydroxy apatite is fixed to the membrane main body as being dissolved into a solvent and applied on the bone developing site side of the membrane main body. (freepatentsonline.com)
- Inorganic particles, such as hydroxy apatite (HAP), have shown potential as carriers. (ugent.be)
Morphology3
- The morphology of the biomimetic apatite changed from plate-like for the pure HA to sphere-like for the Sr ion substituted. (diva-portal.org)
- Electron microscopic observations on the three-dimensional morphology of apatite crystallites of human dentin and bone. (springer.com)
- Apatite inclusions have been identified in several primary minerals, and their abundance and morphology have been described. (lincoln.ac.nz)
Fluoride1
- Apatites of composition (Ca10−xPbx)(VO4)6F2 with 0 ≤x≤ 9 were synthesized by sintering in air at 800°C the oxides of calcium, lead, and vanadium that were mixed with calcium fluoride. (ntu.edu.sg)
Phosphorus6
- The primary use of apatite is in the manufacture of fertilizer - it is a source of phosphorus. (wikipedia.org)
- Apatite is a rich source of phosphorus that is used in the production of food supplements, pharmaceuticals, textiles, ceramics, fertilizers, insecticides and explosives. (reference.com)
- Apatite is primarily composed of calcium and phosphorus. (reference.com)
- The extracted phosphorus from apatite is utilized in the manufacture of pure chemical compounds, such as sodium phosphate, di-calcium phosphate and mono-calcium phosphate. (reference.com)
- Apatites other than those containing calcium and phosphorus are included. (elsevier.com)
- Intracellular and extracellular amorphous granules, rich in both calcium and phosphorus, have been observed in apatite-biomineralizing vertebrates, protists, and atremate brachiopods. (nih.gov)
Dissolution6
- Potentiometric acid/base titrations and batch experiments were combined with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy to generate dissolution and surface complexation models for both apatites. (diva-portal.org)
- The interaction between organic ligands and the apatite surfaces was also investigated and the results from this study show that the organic ligands form outer-sphere complexes on the apatite surfaces over a large pH interval, and that this adsorption enhances the dissolution of apatites. (diva-portal.org)
- We have recently developed biodegradable pH-sensitive inorganic nanoparticles of Mg/CaPi and carbonate apatite for efficient transgene delivery to primary, cancer and embryonic stem cells, by virtue of their high affinity binding with the DNA, ability to contact the cell membrane by ionic or ligand-receptor interactions and fast dissolution kinectis in endosomal acidic pH facilitating release of the DNA from the dissolving particles and also from the endosomes. (scirp.org)
- The changing REE distribution in the apatite, from early to late in the paragenetic sequence, is interpreted to be caused by a combination of dissolution-reprecipitation of the original apatite and the preferential transport of the LREE complexes by F- and Cl-bearing hydrothermal fluids. (nerc.ac.uk)
- Cl is not detected in the apatite structure, but the role of Cl is suggested from comparison with apatite dissolution experiments, where CaCl2 or NaCl cause the reprecipitation of apatite without associated monazite. (nerc.ac.uk)
- Overall dissolution, as determined by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), was faster in calcium-rich apatites. (ntu.edu.sg)
Hydroxyapatite2
- 3. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said apatite powder is hydroxyapatite powder. (google.com)
- However, because apatite such as hydroxyapatite is inferior in mechanical strength in comparison to living bones, it cannot be utilized as a member on which a high load is borne. (google.com)
Name apatite3
- and conferred on it-because it had up to now led all mineralogists identifying it astray-the name apatite, which I formed from the Greek word apatáō ([I] deceive) and which says as much as [the word] deceiver. (merriam-webster.com)
- The name apatite is derived from a Greek word that means "to deceive," because it appears similar to other minerals, particularly olivine , beryl , and peridot. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- The name apatite comes from the Greek word apate, which means, 'to deceive. (firemountaingems.com)
Commercial apatite1
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate four commercial apatite products. (niom.no)
Carbonate apatites4
- Synthetic high temperature B-type carbonate apatites. (elsevier.com)
- Carbonate apatites from aqueous systems. (elsevier.com)
- Electron spin resonance of X-irradiated carbonate apatites. (elsevier.com)
- The problem of carbonate apatites. (springer.com)
Oxygen1
- In this communication we provide a direct insight into the local structure and defects of oxygen excess Ge-apatites, in both dry and deuterated states, by means of pair distribution function analysis. (rsc.org)
Electron3
- Bulk Density (Electron Density)=3.15 gm/cc note: Specific Gravity of Apatite-(CaOH) =3.16 gm/cc. (webmineral.com)
- U=PE Apatite-(CaOH) x r Electron Density= 18.19 barns/cc. (webmineral.com)
- Bulk Density (Electron Density)=3.17 gm/cc note: Specific Gravity of Apatite-(CaF) =3.20 gm/cc. (webmineral.com)
Mineralization2
- Here we prepared double-layered strontium-substituted apatite and titanium dioxide coatings on titanium substrates via mimicking bone mineralization. (diva-portal.org)
- The similarities in the mineralization process among the apatite forming tissues suggest that the matrices of these hard tissues contain similar groups of proteins, probably derived from basic cytoplasmic proteins. (springer.com)
Igneous2
- Apatite can form in sedimentary processes, igneous processes (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
- Apatite is distributed widely in igneous , metamorphic , and sedimentary rocks, often in the form of cryptocrystalline fragments. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Hydroxylapatite1
- The maximum molar amount of sulfate incorporated in hydroxylapatite (prepared in the presence of Na + ) is more than three times lower than the maximum molar amount of carbonate that can be incorporated, a difference that can be explained by the relative solubilities of the substituted apatites. (geoscienceworld.org)
Phosphate minerals2
- Apatites are a diverse class of phosphate minerals that are important in a great variety of natural and industrial processes. (diva-portal.org)
- Below is a gallery of Apatite and Phosphate minerals for sale from John Betts - Fine Minerals in New York City, NY. (johnbetts-fineminerals.com)
Inorganic1
- Included apatite resistant to attack by 1N HCl was determined as "residual inorganic P" in fractionation studies on weakly weathered materials, and the influence of fineness of grinding on the ratio of "acid-extractable Ca-P" to residual inorganic P indicated the likely dimensions of the inclusions in different minerals. (lincoln.ac.nz)
Inclusions2
- In their open-access Geology article, Emilie Bruand and colleagues expand the utility of apatite by presenting a novel way to fingerprint magma chemistry and petrogenesis using apatite inclusions within robust titanite and zircon. (eurekalert.org)
- Even the best yield (control) recovered only 12% of the zircon + apatite expected from the CIPW norm, probably due to loss of zircon + apatite as inclusions in other minerals. (confex.com)
Beryl2
- It could be said apatite had been deceived into allowing itself to be confused with some of the more valuable gems such as tourmaline, olivine, peridot, topaz and beryl. (firemountaingems.com)
- Its name comes from the ancient Greek word for "fool" ("sapatao") referring to the frequent confusion of apatite with peridot, beryl, topaz or Paraíba Tourmaline - due to its colour range. (rocksandco.com)
Substrate7
- An apatite coated article comprising a substrate having thereon an apatite layer which is formed by flame spraying apatite powder at from about 2,000 to 4,000 C., and a process for producing such an apatite coated article. (google.com)
- 1. A process for producing an apatite coated article comprising a substrate having thereon an apatite layer, said process comprising flame spraying apatite powder at from about 2,000 to 4,000 C. onto said substrate, wherein said flame spraying is high-speed flame spraying using a gas jet wherein the gas jet speed has a Mach number of 2 or more. (google.com)
- An object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing a composite article, and a composite article having an apatite layer which contains no decomposition product formed during the coating process, and wherein the apatite layer has excellent adhesive properties to the substrate comprised of metals, high-strength ceramics, etc. (google.com)
- In a second step the coated substrate can be converted to a less reactive coating by being immersed into a basic or neutral solution to convert the coating into an apatite. (google.com)
- 11. A method in accordance with claim 9 , further including a subsequent step of immersing the coated substrate into a basic or neutral solution to convert the said coating into an apatite. (google.com)
- It is also known that apatite layers coating the surface of titanium implants improve bone response, but the adhesion of the layer to the substrate poses some problems. (upc.edu)
- Both roughness and adhesion strength of the deposited apatite layer to the titanium substrate were higher than those of the plasma-sprayed apatite. (upc.edu)
Earrings1
- Pretty earrings made with Apatite chip beads and sterling silver. (charmsoflight.com)
Volcanic rocks1
- n trachyandesite and (2) apatite in volcanic rocks erupted from 20 volcanoes. (usgs.gov)
Radioactive2
- This is preferable to traditional rare-earth ores such as monazite, as apatite is not very radioactive and does not pose an environmental hazard in mine tailings. (wikipedia.org)
- However, apatite often contains uranium and its equally radioactive decay-chain nuclides. (wikipedia.org)
Collagen4
- Wide bundles of collagen were embedded around the apatite particles, more at the 12-week time point. (lu.se)
- Since ascorbate is important for the collagen synthesis and subsequent osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells, titanium coated with the ascorbate - apatite composite layer would be useful as a scaffold in bone tissue engineering and as a bone substitute. (researchmap.jp)
- Nakano, Takayoshi 2018-03-01 00:00:00 Healthy trabecular bone shows highly anisotropic trabecular architecture and the preferential orientation of collagen and apatite inside a trabecula, both of which are predominantly directed along the cephalocaudal axis. (deepdyve.com)
- We defined the trabecular architectural anisotropy and the preferential orientation of collagen and apatite as parameters of trabecular bone health. (deepdyve.com)
Throat chakra1
- Blue Apatite opens the throat chakra. (charmsoflight.com)
NaOH3
- An ascorbate - apatite composite layer was successfully formed on NaOH- and heat-treated titanium by coprecipitating L-ascorbic acid phosphate and low-crystalline apatite in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution at 37 degrees C for 48 h. (researchmap.jp)
- Interestingly, the apatite growth is dependent on both the concentration of NaOH solution and the structure of the polymer surface. (gla.ac.uk)
- The Ca/P molar ratio of the apatite deposited on the polymers increases with NaOH strength and SBF incubation time. (gla.ac.uk)
Conductivity1
- Apatites produced by substituting Y3+ and Na+ for Ca2+ in apatite structure showed an excellent conductivity. (epfl.ch)
Biomaterials2
- The present invention relates to an apatite coated article, and more particularly it relates to an apatite coated article suitable for biomaterials such as artificial teeth, artificial bones, etc. (google.com)
- The substitution of sulfate in apatite is of potential importance in synthetic biomaterials used in bone repair and reconstruction. (geoscienceworld.org)
Nanoparticles1
- Therefore, carbonate apatite (CO 3 Ap) nanoparticles were examined as an alternative strategy for effective gene delivery to the lungs. (hindawi.com)
Nucleation3
- Most apatite GCs crystallize through a homogenous nucleation and crystallization mechanism, which is aided by a prior liquid-liquid phase separation. (frontiersin.org)
- Polyphosphates may be associated with biologically controlled apatite nucleation within vertebrates and invertebrates. (nih.gov)
- As immersion time in SBF increased, further nucleation and growth produced a thicker apatite layer which can be expected to be highly bioactive. (gla.ac.uk)
Substitutions2
- Substitutions in apatites. (elsevier.com)
- Several structural configurations of such substitutions have been presented as models for carbonate apatite. (springer.com)
Biomimetic1
- Biomimetic apatite-forming ability of the deposited films was examined by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). (scientific.net)
Preferentially2
- Successive pulses of these fluids transport the LREE out of the original apatite, preferentially re-precipitating it on the rim. (nerc.ac.uk)
- Etching of well-crystallized apatite grains occurred preferentially on {1010} faces. (ntu.edu.sg)
Bone Builder Extra Strength3
- Cal Apatite Bone Builder Extra Strength is recommended for people supporting normal bone function. (acuatlanta.net)
- Cal Apatite Bone Builder Extra Strength product is available only from licensed healthcare professionals. (acuatlanta.net)
- Buy Cal Apatite Bone Builder Extra Strength Online here at AcuAtlanta.net or our clinic. (acuatlanta.net)
Necklace1
- The Parker gem necklace in Apatite really pops! (gorjana.com)
Ca101
- Preparation involves the sintering causing the irreversible decomposition of calcium deficient apatites alternatively termed non-stoichiometric apatites or basic calcium phosphate, an example is: Ca10−δ(PO4)6−δ(HPO4)δ(OH)2−δ → (1-δ)Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 + 3δCa3(PO4)2 β-TCP can contain impurities, for example calcium pyrophosphate, CaP2O7 and apatite. (wikipedia.org)
Oxide-ion1
- Apatite-type oxides, La 10-x (Si/Ge) 6 O 26+z , have been attracting significant interest recently due to their high oxide ion conductivities. (springer.com)