The main trunk of the systemic arteries.
The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.
The aorta from the DIAPHRAGM to the bifurcation into the right and left common iliac arteries.
Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.
A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion.
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.
Radiographic visualization of the aorta and its branches by injection of contrast media, using percutaneous puncture or catheterization procedures.
The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.
Aneurysm caused by a tear in the TUNICA INTIMA of a blood vessel leading to interstitial HEMORRHAGE, and splitting (dissecting) of the vessel wall, often involving the AORTA. Dissection between the intima and media causes luminal occlusion. Dissection at the media, or between the media and the outer adventitia causes aneurismal dilation.
Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.
Surgical insertion of BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESES to repair injured or diseased blood vessels.
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
The tearing or bursting of the wall along any portion of the AORTA, such as thoracic or abdominal. It may result from the rupture of an aneurysm or it may be due to TRAUMA.
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.
Device constructed of either synthetic or biological material that is used for the repair of injured or diseased blood vessels.
The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.
The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.
An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.
Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.
Inflammation of the wall of the AORTA.
Aneurysm due to growth of microorganisms in the arterial wall, or infection arising within preexisting arteriosclerotic aneurysms.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.
Polyester polymers formed from terephthalic acid or its esters and ethylene glycol. They can be formed into tapes, films or pulled into fibers that are pressed into meshes or woven into fabrics.
The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.
PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.
The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.
An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome is associated with mutations in the gene encoding fibrillin, a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue.
A diet that contributes to the development and acceleration of ATHEROGENESIS.
A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.
The inferior and superior venae cavae.
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
A strain of Rattus norvegicus used as a normotensive control for the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Not an aneurysm but a well-defined collection of blood and CONNECTIVE TISSUE outside the wall of a blood vessel or the heart. It is the containment of a ruptured blood vessel or heart, such as sealing a rupture of the left ventricle. False aneurysm is formed by organized THROMBUS and HEMATOMA in surrounding tissue.
Either of two large arteries originating from the abdominal aorta; they supply blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall and legs.
A strain of Rattus norvegicus with elevated blood pressure used as a model for studying hypertension and stroke.
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
The valve between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta which prevents backflow into the left ventricle.
Cholesterol present in food, especially in animal products.
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
A class of protein components which can be found in several lipoproteins including HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and CHYLOMICRONS. Synthesized in most organs, Apo E is important in the global transport of lipids and cholesterol throughout the body. Apo E is also a ligand for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) that mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in cells. There are several allelic isoforms (such as E2, E3, and E4). Deficiency or defects in Apo E are causes of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.
Surgical union or shunt between ducts, tubes or vessels. It may be end-to-end, end-to-side, side-to-end, or side-to-side.
A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.
A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR), lymph vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, LYMPHATIC), and the serous cavities of the body.
Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.
Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues using a transducer placed in the esophagus.
Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.
A chronic inflammatory process that affects the AORTA and its primary branches, such as the brachiocephalic artery (BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK) and CAROTID ARTERIES. It results in progressive arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The pulse in the arm is hard to detect. Patients with aortitis syndrome often exhibit retinopathy.
An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.
The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.
Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.
Artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and from the arch of the aorta on the left side. It distributes to the neck, thoracic wall, spinal cord, brain, meninges, and upper limb.
An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.
The act of constricting.
A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.
Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.
Connective tissue comprised chiefly of elastic fibers. Elastic fibers have two components: ELASTIN and MICROFIBRILS.
The first and largest artery branching from the aortic arch. It distributes blood to the right side of the head and neck and to the right arm.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.
The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.
A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.
The plan and delineation of prostheses in general or a specific prosthesis.
Operative procedures for the treatment of vascular disorders.
Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).
The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins).
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Conditions resulting from abnormalities in the arteries branching from the ASCENDING AORTA, the curved portion of the aorta. These syndromes are results of occlusion or abnormal blood flow to the head-neck or arm region leading to neurological defects and weakness in an arm. These syndromes are associated with vascular malformations; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; TRAUMA; and blood clots.
A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.
A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters.
A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.
The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.
The innermost layer of an artery or vein, made up of one layer of endothelial cells and supported by an internal elastic lamina.
A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.
The arterial trunk that arises from the abdominal aorta and after a short course divides into the left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries.
Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).
A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.
Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.
Rhythmic, intermittent propagation of a fluid through a BLOOD VESSEL or piping system, in contrast to constant, smooth propagation, which produces laminar flow.
A fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta.
A technique to arrest the flow of blood by lowering BODY TEMPERATURE to about 20 degrees Centigrade, usually achieved by infusing chilled perfusate. The technique provides a bloodless surgical field for complex surgeries.
Minimally invasive procedures, diagnostic or therapeutic, performed within the BLOOD VESSELS. They may be perfomed via ANGIOSCOPY; INTERVENTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; INTERVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY; or INTERVENTIONAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY.
A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery.
Reduced blood flow to the spinal cord which is supplied by the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries. This condition may be associated with ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, trauma, emboli, diseases of the aorta, and other disorders. Prolonged ischemia may lead to INFARCTION of spinal cord tissue.
Surgical incision into the chest wall.
A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
Cell surface proteins that bind THROMBOXANES with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Some thromboxane receptors act via the inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol second messenger systems.
Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures.
The veins and arteries of the HEART.
A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.
The middle layer of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel.
The dilatation of the aortic wall behind each of the cusps of the aortic valve.
Diversion of the flow of blood from the entrance of the right atrium directly to the aorta (or femoral artery) via an oxygenator thus bypassing both the heart and lungs.
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.
A large vessel supplying the whole length of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the cecum and the ascending part of the colon and about half the transverse part of the colon. It arises from the anterior surface of the aorta below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra.
The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.
A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors that mediate contraction of SMOOTH MUSCLE in a variety of tissues such as ARTERIOLES; VEINS; and the UTERUS. They are usually found on postsynaptic membranes and signal through GQ-G11 G-PROTEINS.
A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE.
Drugs that bind to but do not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic alpha-antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma.
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY).
The venous trunk which receives blood from the lower extremities and from the pelvic and abdominal organs.
A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6)
Created as a republic in 1918 by Czechs and Slovaks from territories formerly part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The country split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia 1 January 1993.

A molecular pathway revealing a genetic basis for human cardiac and craniofacial defects. (1/4396)

Microdeletions of chromosome 22q11 are the most common genetic defects associated with cardiac and craniofacial anomalies in humans. A screen for mouse genes dependent on dHAND, a transcription factor implicated in neural crest development, identified Ufd1, which maps to human 22q11 and encodes a protein involved in degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Mouse Ufd1 was specifically expressed in most tissues affected in patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome. The human UFD1L gene was deleted in all 182 patients studied with 22q11 deletion, and a smaller deletion of approximately 20 kilobases that removed exons 1 to 3 of UFD1L was found in one individual with features typical of 22q11 deletion syndrome. These data suggest that UFD1L haploinsufficiency contributes to the congenital heart and craniofacial defects seen in 22q11 deletion.  (+info)

The cyclo-oxygenase-dependent regulation of rabbit vein contraction: evidence for a prostaglandin E2-mediated relaxation. (2/4396)

1. Arachidonic acid (0.01-1 microM) induced relaxation of precontracted rings of rabbit saphenous vein, which was counteracted by contraction at concentrations higher than 1 microM. Concentrations higher than 1 microM were required to induce dose-dependent contraction of vena cava and thoracic aorta from the same animals. 2. Pretreatment with a TP receptor antagonist (GR32191B or SQ29548, 3 microM) potentiated the relaxant effect in the saphenous vein, revealed a vasorelaxant component in the vena cava response and did not affect the response of the aorta. 3. Removal of the endothelium from the venous rings, caused a 10 fold rightward shift in the concentration-relaxation curves to arachidonic acid. Whether or not the endothelium was present, the arachidonic acid-induced relaxations were prevented by indomethacin (10 microM) pretreatment. 4. In the saphenous vein, PGE2 was respectively a 50 and 100 fold more potent relaxant prostaglandin than PGI2 and PGD2. Pretreatment with the EP4 receptor antagonist, AH23848B, shifted the concentration-relaxation curves of this tissue to arachidonic acid in a dose-dependent manner. 5. In the presence of 1 microM arachidonic acid, venous rings produced 8-10 fold more PGE2 than did aorta whereas 6keto-PGF1alpha and TXB2 productions remained comparable. 6. Intact rings of saphenous vein relaxed in response to A23187. Pretreatment with L-NAME (100 microM) or indomethacin (10 microM) reduced this response by 50% whereas concomitant pretreatment totally suppressed it. After endothelium removal, the remaining relaxing response to A23187 was prevented by indomethacin but not affected by L-NAME. 7. We conclude that stimulation of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway by arachidonic acid induced endothelium-dependent, PGE2/EP4 mediated relaxation of the rabbit saphenous vein. This process might participate in the A23187-induced relaxation of the saphenous vein and account for a relaxing component in the response of the vena cava to arachidonic acid. It was not observed in thoracic aorta because of the lack of a vasodilatory receptor and/or the poorer ability of this tissue than veins to produce PGE2.  (+info)

Enantioselective inhibition of the biotransformation and pharmacological actions of isoidide dinitrate by diphenyleneiodonium sulphate. (3/4396)

1. We have shown previously that the D- and L- enantiomers of isoidide dinitrate (D-IIDN and L-IIDN) exhibit a potency difference for relaxation and cyclic GMP accumulation in isolated rat aorta and that this is related to preferential biotransformation of the more potent enantiomer (D-IIDN). The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of the flavoprotein inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium sulphate (DPI), on the enantioselectivity of IIDN action. 2. In isolated rat aortic strip preparations, exposure to 0.3 microM DPI resulted in a 3.6 fold increase in the EC50 value for D-IIDN-induced relaxation, but had no effect on L-IIDN-induced relaxation. 3. Incubation of aortic strips with 2 microM D- or L-IIDN for 5 min resulted in significantly more D-isoidide mononitrate formed (5.0 +/- 1.5 pmol mg protein(-1)) than L-isoidide mononitrate (2.1 +/- 0.7 pmol mg protein(-1)) and this difference was abolished by pretreatment of tissues with 0.3 microM DPI. DPI had no effect on glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity or GSH-dependent biotransformation of D- or L-IIDN in the 105,000 x g supernatant fraction of rat aorta. 4. Consistent with both the relaxation and biotransformation data, treatment of tissues with 0.3 microM DPI significantly inhibited D-IIDN-induced cyclic GMP accumulation, but had no effect on L-IIDN-induced cyclic GMP accumulation. 5. In the intact animal, 2 mg kg(-1) DPI significantly inhibited the pharmacokinetic and haemodynamic properties of D-IIDN, but had no effect L-IIDN. 6. These data suggest that the basis for the potency difference for relaxation by the two enantiomers is preferential biotransformation of D-IIDN to NO, by an enzyme that is inhibited by DPI. Given that DPI binds to and inhibits NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, the data are consistent with a role for the cytochromes P450-NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase system in this enantioselective biotransformation process.  (+info)

Effect of acute and long-term treatment with 17-beta-estradiol on the vasomotor responses in the rat aorta. (4/4396)

1. This study sought to evaluate whether the effects of acute and long-term treatment with 17-beta-estradiol on the vasomotor responses in rat aortic rings are mediated through the same mechanism. 2. Ovariectomized rats were treated daily with either 17-beta-estradiol-3-benzoate (100 microg kg(-1)) or vehicle for 1 week. 3. The effect of long-term 17-beta-estradiol treatment on the responses to cumulative doses of phenylephrine, 5-HT, calcium, potassium and 17-beta-estradiol was determined in aortic rings. In the same rings, the effect of acute exposure to 17-beta-estradiol (5 and 10 microM) on the dose response curves for phenylephrine, 5-HT, calcium, potassium and acetylcholine were estimated. The measurements were made in rings with and without intact endothelium. The tone-related basal release of nitric oxide (NO) was measured in rings with intact endothelium. 4. Long-term 17-beta-estradiol treatment reduced the maximum developed contraction to all contracting agents studied. This effect was abolished in endothelium denuded vessels. Acute 17-beta-estradiol treatment also reduced maximal contraction. This effect, however, was independent of the endothelium. 5. Long-term 17-beta-estradiol treatment significantly increased the ability of the rings to dilate in response to acetylcholine whereas acute exposure to 17-beta-estradiol had no effect. The tone-related release of NO was significantly increased after long-term exposure to 17-beta-estradiol. 6. In conclusion, this study indicate that the acute and long-term effects of 17-beta-estradiol in the rat aorta are mediated through different mechanisms. The long-term effect is mediated through the endothelium most likely by increasing NO release. In contrast, the acute effect of 17-beta-estradiol seems to be through an effect on the vascular smooth muscle cells.  (+info)

Studies of the role of endothelium-dependent nitric oxide release in the sustained vasodilator effects of corticotrophin releasing factor and sauvagine. (5/4396)

1. The mechanisms of the sustained vasodilator actions of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and sauvagine (SVG) were studied using rings of endothelium de-nuded rat thoracic aorta (RTA) and the isolated perfused rat superior mesenteric arterial vasculature (SMA). 2. SVG was approximately 50 fold more potent than CRF on RTA (EC40: 0.9 +/- 0.2 and 44 +/- 9 nM respectively, P < 0.05), and approximately 10 fold more active in the perfused SMA (ED40: 0.05 +/- 0.02 and 0.6 +/- 0.1 nmol respectively, P < 0.05). Single bolus injections of CRF (100 pmol) or SVG (15 pmol) in the perfused SMA caused reductions in perfusion pressure of 23 +/- 1 and 24 +/- 2% that lasted more than 20 min. 3. Removal of the endothelium in the perfused SMA with deoxycholic acid attenuated the vasodilatation and revealed two phases to the response; a short lasting direct action, and a sustained phase which was fully inhibited. 4. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with L-NAME (100 microM) L-NMMA (100 microM) or 2-ethyl-2-thiopseudourea (ETPU, 100 microM) had similar effects on the vasodilator responses to CRF as removal of the endothelium, suggesting a pivotal role for nitric oxide. However the selective guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[l,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10 microM) did not affect the response to CRF. 5. High potassium (60 mM) completely inhibited the vasodilator response to CRF in the perfused SMA, indicating a role for K channels in this response. 6. Compared to other vasodilator agents acting via the release of NO, the actions of CRF and SVG are strikingly long-lasting, suggesting a novel mechanism of prolonged activation of nitric oxide synthase.  (+info)

Protective effect of dietary tomato against endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic mice. (6/4396)

The effects of dietary ingestion of tomato were studied in mice that had been made hypercholesterolemic by feeding atherogenic diets. Mice which had been fed on the atherogenic diet without tomato for 4 months had significantly increased plasma lipid peroxide, and the vaso-relaxing activity in the aorta induced by acetylcholine (ACh) was harmed when compared with mice fed on a common commercial diet. On the other hand, mice which had been fed on the atherogenic diet containing 20% (w/w) lyophilized powder of tomato showed less increase in the plasma lipid peroxide level, and ACh-induced vaso-relaxation was maintained at the same level as that in normal mice. These results indicate that tomato has a preventive effect on atherosclerosis by protecting plasma lipids from oxidation.  (+info)

Effects of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid on lipid metabolism, eicosanoid production, platelet aggregation and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rats. (7/4396)

Exogenously hypercholesterolemic (ExHC) rats were fed on an atherogenic diet supplemented with 1% each of either ethyl ester docosahexaenoic acid [EE-DHA, 22:6(n-3)], ethyl ester eicosapentaenoic acid [EE-EPA, 20:5(n-3)] or safflower oil (SO) for 6 months. The rats fed on the diets containing EE-EPA or EE-DHA, compared with those fed on SO, had lower serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, less aggregation of platelets and slower progress of intimal thickening in the ascending aorta. Relative to the SO-fed rats, both of the (n-3) fatty acid-fed rats had a significantly reduced proportion of arachidonic acid in the platelet and aortic phospholipids, and lower production of thromboxane A2 by platelets and of prostacyclin by the aorta. These results suggest that EPA and DHA are similarly involved in preventing atherosclerosis development by reducing hypercholesterolemia and modifying the platelet functions.  (+info)

Modulation of temperature-induced tone by vasoconstrictor agents. (8/4396)

One of the primary cardiovascular adjustments to hyperthermia is a sympathetically mediated increase in vascular resistance in the viscera. Nonneural factors such as a change in vascular tone or reactivity may also contribute to this response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether vascular smooth muscle tone is altered during heating to physiologically relevant temperatures >37 degrees C. Gradually increasing bath temperature from 37 degrees C (normothermia) to 43 degrees C (severe hyperthermia) produced graded contractions in vascular ring segments from rat mesenteric arteries and thoracic aortae. In untreated rings these contractions were relatively small, whereas hyperthermia elicited near-maximal increases in tension when rings were constricted with phenylephrine or KCl before heating. In phenylephrine-treated mesenteric arterial rings, the contractile responses to heating were markedly attenuated by the Ca2+ channel antagonists nifedipine and diltiazem. Diltiazem also blocked the contractile responses to heating in thoracic aortic rings. These results demonstrate that hyperthermia has a limited effect on tension generation in rat vascular smooth muscle in the absence of vascular tone. However, in the presence of agonist-induced tone, tension generation during heating is markedly enhanced and dependent on extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, these data suggest that local regulation of vascular tone can contribute to the hemodynamic adjustments to hyperthermia.  (+info)

1. Aneurysms: A bulge or ballooning in the wall of the aorta that can lead to rupture and life-threatening bleeding.
2. Atherosclerosis: The buildup of plaque in the inner lining of the aorta, which can narrow the artery and restrict blood flow.
3. Dissections: A tear in the inner layer of the aortic wall that can cause bleeding and lead to an aneurysm.
4. Thoracic aortic disease: Conditions that affect the thoracic portion of the aorta, such as atherosclerosis or dissections.
5. Abdominal aortic aneurysms: Enlargement of the abdominal aorta that can lead to rupture and life-threatening bleeding.
6. Aortic stenosis: Narrowing of the aortic valve, which can impede blood flow from the heart into the aorta.
7. Aortic regurgitation: Backflow of blood from the aorta into the heart due to a faulty aortic valve.
8. Marfan syndrome: A genetic disorder that affects the body's connective tissue, including the aorta.
9. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A group of genetic disorders that affect the body's connective tissue, including the aorta.
10. Turner syndrome: A genetic disorder that affects females and can cause aortic diseases.

Aortic diseases can be diagnosed through imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment options vary depending on the specific condition and may include medication, surgery, or endovascular procedures.

Aortic coarctation can be caused by a variety of genetic mutations or can be acquired through other conditions such as infections or autoimmune disorders. It is often diagnosed in infancy or early childhood, and symptoms can include:

* High blood pressure in the arms and low blood pressure in the legs
* Pulse narrowing or absence of a pulse in one or both arms
* Bluish skin color (cyanosis)
* Shortness of breath or fatigue during exercise

If left untreated, aortic coarctation can lead to complications such as heart failure, aneurysms, or cardiac arrhythmias. Treatment options for aortic coarctation include:

* Balloon dilation: A procedure in which a balloon is inserted through a catheter into the narrowed section of the aorta and inflated to widen the passage.
* Surgical repair: An open-heart surgery that involves cutting out the narrowed section of the aorta and sewing it back together with a patch or graft.

It is important for individuals with aortic coarctation to receive regular monitoring and treatment from a cardiologist or cardiac surgeon to prevent complications and manage symptoms. With appropriate treatment, most individuals with aortic coarctation can lead active and healthy lives.

The symptoms of an aortic aneurysm can vary depending on its size and location. Small aneurysms may not cause any symptoms at all, while larger ones may cause:

* Pain in the abdomen or back
* Pulsatile abdominal mass that can be felt through the skin
* Numbness or weakness in the legs
* Difficulty speaking or swallowing (if the aneurysm is pressing on the vocal cords)
* Sudden, severe pain if the aneurysm ruptures.

If you suspect that you or someone else may have an aortic aneurysm, it is important to seek medical attention right away. Aortic aneurysms can be diagnosed with imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans, and treated with surgery to repair or replace the affected section of the aorta.

In this article, we will discuss the causes and risk factors for aortic aneurysms, the symptoms and diagnosis of this condition, and the treatment options available. We will also cover the prognosis and outlook for patients with aortic aneurysms, as well as any lifestyle changes that may help reduce the risk of developing this condition.

CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS:

Aortic aneurysms are caused by weaknesses in the wall of the aorta, which can be due to genetic or acquired factors. Some of the known risk factors for developing an aortic aneurysm include:

* Age (the risk increases with age)
* Gender (men are more likely to develop an aortic aneurysm than women)
* Family history of aneurysms
* High blood pressure
* Atherosclerosis (the buildup of plaque in the arteries)
* Connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
* Previous heart surgery or radiation therapy to the chest

SYMPTOMS:

In many cases, aortic aneurysms do not cause any symptoms in the early stages. However, as the aneurysm grows and puts pressure on nearby blood vessels or organs, patients may experience some of the following symptoms:

* Abdominal pain or discomfort
* Back pain
* Shortness of breath
* Dizziness or lightheadedness
* Fatigue
* Confusion or weakness

DIAGNOSIS:

Aortic aneurysms are typically diagnosed using imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans. These tests can provide detailed images of the aorta and help doctors identify any abnormalities or dilations. Other diagnostic tests may include echocardiography, ultrasound, or angiography.

TREATMENT:

The treatment for an aortic aneurysm will depend on the size and location of the aneurysm, as well as the patient's overall health. Some options may include:

* Monitoring: Small aneurysms that are not causing any symptoms may not require immediate treatment. Instead, doctors may recommend regular check-ups to monitor the aneurysm's size and progression.
* Surgery: If the aneurysm is large or growing rapidly, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the affected section of the aorta. This may involve replacing the aneurysm with a synthetic tube or sewing a patch over the aneurysm to reinforce the aortic wall.
* Endovascular repair: In some cases, doctors may use a minimally invasive procedure called endovascular repair to treat the aneurysm. This involves inserting a small tube (called a stent) into the affected area through a small incision in the groin. The stent is then expanded to reinforce the aortic wall and prevent further growth of the aneurysm.

PROGNOSIS:

The prognosis for aortic aneurysms is generally good if they are detected and treated early. However, if left untreated, aortic aneurysms can lead to serious complications, such as:

* Aneurysm rupture: This is the most severe complication of aortic aneurysms and can be life-threatening. If the aneurysm ruptures, it can cause massive internal bleeding and potentially lead to death.
* Blood clots: Aortic aneurysms can increase the risk of blood clots forming in the affected area. These clots can break loose and travel to other parts of the body, causing further complications.
* Heart problems: Large aortic aneurysms can put pressure on the heart and surrounding vessels, leading to heart problems such as heart failure or coronary artery disease.

PREVENTION:

There is no guaranteed way to prevent aortic aneurysms, but there are several factors that may reduce the risk of developing one. These include:

* Family history: If you have a family history of aortic aneurysms, your doctor may recommend more frequent monitoring and check-ups to detect any potential problems early.
* High blood pressure: High blood pressure is a major risk factor for aortic aneurysms, so managing your blood pressure through lifestyle changes and medication can help reduce the risk.
* Smoking: Smoking is also a major risk factor for aortic aneurysms, so quitting smoking can help reduce the risk.
* Healthy diet: Eating a healthy diet that is low in salt and fat can help reduce the risk of developing high blood pressure and other conditions that may increase the risk of aortic aneurysms.

DIAGNOSIS:

Aortic aneurysms are typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests. These may include:

* Physical examination: Your doctor may check for any signs of an aneurysm by feeling your pulse and listening to your heart with a stethoscope. They may also check for any swelling or tenderness in your abdomen.
* Medical history: Your doctor will ask about your medical history, including any previous heart conditions or surgeries.
* Imaging tests: Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI can be used to confirm the diagnosis and measure the size of the aneurysm.

TREATMENT:

The treatment for aortic aneurysms depends on the size of the aneurysm and how quickly it is growing. For small aneurysms that are not growing, doctors may recommend regular monitoring with imaging tests to check the size of the aneurysm. For larger aneurysms that are growing rapidly, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the aorta.

SURGICAL REPAIR:

There are several surgical options for repairing an aortic aneurysm, including:

* Open surgery: This is the traditional method of repairing an aortic aneurysm, where the surgeon makes an incision in the abdomen to access the aorta and repair the aneurysm.
* Endovascular repair: This is a minimally invasive procedure where the surgeon uses a catheter to insert a stent or graft into the aorta to repair the aneurysm.

POST-OPERATIVE CARE:

After surgery, you will be monitored in the intensive care unit for several days to ensure that there are no complications. You may have a drainage tube inserted into your chest to remove any fluid that accumulates during and after surgery. You will also have various monitors to check your heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels.

RECOVERY:

The recovery time for aortic aneurysm repair can vary depending on the size of the aneurysm and the type of surgery performed. In general, patients who undergo endovascular repair have a faster recovery time than those who undergo open surgery. You may need to take medications to prevent blood clots and manage pain after surgery. You will also need to follow up with your doctor regularly to check on the healing of the aneurysm and the functioning of the heart.

LONG-TERM OUTLOOK:

The long-term outlook for patients who undergo aortic aneurysm repair is generally good, especially if the surgery is successful and there are no complications. However, patients with large aneurysms or those who have had complications during surgery may be at higher risk for long-term health problems. Some potential long-term complications include:

* Infection of the incision site or graft
* Inflammation of the aorta (aortitis)
* Blood clots forming in the graft or legs
* Narrowing or blockage of the aorta
* Heart problems, such as heart failure or arrhythmias.

It is important to follow up with your doctor regularly to monitor your condition and address any potential complications early on.

LIFESTYLE CHANGES:

After undergoing aortic aneurysm repair, you may need to make some lifestyle changes to help manage the condition and reduce the risk of complications. These may include:

* Avoiding heavy lifting or bending
* Taking regular exercise to improve cardiovascular health
* Eating a healthy diet that is low in salt and fat
* Quitting smoking, if you are a smoker
* Managing high blood pressure and other underlying medical conditions.

It is important to discuss any specific lifestyle changes with your doctor before making any significant changes to your daily routine. They can provide personalized guidance based on your individual needs and condition.

EMOTIONAL SUPPORT:

Undergoing aortic aneurysm repair can be a stressful and emotional experience, both for the patient and their loved ones. It is important to seek emotional support during this time to help cope with the challenges of the procedure and recovery. This may include:

* Talking to family and friends about your feelings and concerns
* Joining a support group for patients with aortic aneurysms or other cardiovascular conditions
* Seeking counseling or therapy to manage stress and anxiety
* Connecting with online resources and forums to learn more about the condition and share experiences with others.

Remember, it is important to prioritize your mental health and well-being during this time, as well as your physical health. Seeking emotional support can be an important part of the recovery process and can help you feel more supported and empowered throughout the journey.

Symptoms:

* Chest pain or discomfort
* Shortness of breath
* Coughing up blood
* Pain in the back or shoulders
* Dizziness or fainting

Diagnosis is typically made with imaging tests such as chest X-rays, CT scans, or MRI. Treatment may involve monitoring the aneurysm with regular imaging tests to check for growth, or surgery to repair or replace the affected section of the aorta.

This term is used in the medical field to identify a specific type of aneurysm and differentiate it from other types of aneurysms that occur in different locations.

Arteriosclerosis can affect any artery in the body, but it is most commonly seen in the arteries of the heart, brain, and legs. It is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide and is often associated with aging and other factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and smoking.

There are several types of arteriosclerosis, including:

1. Atherosclerosis: This is the most common type of arteriosclerosis and occurs when plaque builds up inside the arteries.
2. Arteriolosclerosis: This type affects the small arteries in the body and can cause decreased blood flow to organs such as the kidneys and brain.
3. Medial sclerosis: This type affects the middle layer of the artery wall and can cause stiffness and narrowing of the arteries.
4. Intimal sclerosis: This type occurs when plaque builds up inside the innermost layer of the artery wall, causing it to become thick and less flexible.

Symptoms of arteriosclerosis can include chest pain, shortness of breath, leg pain or cramping during exercise, and numbness or weakness in the limbs. Treatment for arteriosclerosis may include lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, as well as medications to lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to open up or bypass blocked arteries.

Dissecting aneurysms are often caused by trauma, such as a car accident or fall, but they can also be caused by other factors such as atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) or inherited conditions. They can occur in any blood vessel, but are most common in the aorta, which is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Symptoms of dissecting aneurysms can include sudden and severe pain, numbness or weakness, and difficulty speaking or understanding speech. If left untreated, a dissecting aneurysm can lead to serious complications such as stroke, heart attack, or death.

Treatment for dissecting aneurysms typically involves surgery to repair the damaged blood vessel. In some cases, endovascular procedures such as stenting or coiling may be used to treat the aneurysm. The goal of treatment is to prevent further bleeding and damage to the blood vessel, and to restore normal blood flow to the affected area.

Preventive measures for dissecting aneurysms are not always possible, but maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding trauma, and managing underlying conditions such as hypertension or atherosclerosis can help reduce the risk of developing an aneurysm. Early detection and treatment are key to preventing serious complications and improving outcomes for patients with dissecting aneurysms.

Symptoms of an aortic rupture may include sudden and severe chest pain, difficulty breathing, and coughing up blood. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging tests such as CT scans or echocardiograms. Treatment options range from medication to stabilize blood pressure to surgical repair of the aorta.

If left untreated, an aortic rupture can lead to catastrophic consequences, including bleeding to death, cardiac arrest, and stroke. Therefore, prompt medical attention is essential if symptoms of an aortic rupture are present.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, back pain, and difficulty breathing if it ruptures. It can also be diagnosed through imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment options for an abdominal aortic aneurysm include watchful waiting (monitoring the aneurysm for signs of growth or rupture), endovascular repair (using a catheter to repair the aneurysm from within the blood vessel), or surgical repair (open surgery to repair the aneurysm).

Word Origin and History

The word 'aneurysm' comes from the Greek words 'aneurysma', meaning 'dilation' and 'sma', meaning 'a vessel'. The term 'abdominal aortic aneurysm' was first used in the medical literature in the late 19th century to describe this specific type of aneurysm.


Prevalence and Incidence

Abdominal aortic aneurysms are relatively common, especially among older adults. According to the Society for Vascular Surgery, approximately 2% of people over the age of 65 have an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms increases with age, and men are more likely to be affected than women.


Risk Factors

Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing an abdominal aortic aneurysm, including:

* High blood pressure
* Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
* Smoking
* Family history of aneurysms
* Previous heart attack or stroke
* Marfan syndrome or other connective tissue disorders.


Symptoms and Diagnosis

Abdominal aortic aneurysms can be asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, some people may experience symptoms such as:

* Abdominal pain or discomfort
* Back pain
* Weakness or fatigue
* Palpitations
* Shortness of breath

If an abdominal aortic aneurysm is suspected, several diagnostic tests may be ordered, including:

* Ultrasound
* Computed tomography (CT) scan
* Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
* Angiography

Treatment and Management

The treatment of choice for an abdominal aortic aneurysm depends on several factors, including the size and location of the aneurysm, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include:

* Watchful waiting (for small aneurysms that are not causing any symptoms)
* Endovascular repair (using a stent or other device to repair the aneurysm from within the blood vessel)
* Open surgical repair (where the surgeon makes an incision in the abdomen to repair the aneurysm)

In some cases, emergency surgery may be necessary if the aneurysm ruptures or shows signs of impending rupture.

Complications and Risks

Abdominal aortic aneurysms can lead to several complications and risks, including:

* Rupture (which can be life-threatening)
* Infection
* Blood clots or blockages in the blood vessels
* Kidney damage
* Heart problems

Prevention

There is no guaranteed way to prevent an abdominal aortic aneurysm, but several factors may reduce the risk of developing one. These include:

* Maintaining a healthy lifestyle (including a balanced diet and regular exercise)
* Not smoking
* Managing high blood pressure and other medical conditions
* Getting regular check-ups with your healthcare provider

Prognosis and Life Expectancy

The prognosis for abdominal aortic aneurysms depends on several factors, including the size of the aneurysm, its location, and whether it has ruptured. In general, the larger the aneurysm, the poorer the prognosis. If treated before rupture, many people with abdominal aortic aneurysms can expect a good outcome and a normal life expectancy. However, if the aneurysm ruptures, the survival rate is much lower.

In conclusion, abdominal aortic aneurysms are a serious medical condition that can be life-threatening if left untreated. It is important to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms of an aneurysm, and to seek medical attention immediately if any are present. With proper treatment, many people with abdominal aortic aneurysms can expect a good outcome and a normal life expectancy.

The diagnosis of aortitis is based on a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as blood tests, imaging studies (e.g., CT scan, MRI), and endovascular ultrasound. Treatment options for aortitis depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition, and may include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, or surgery to repair or replace the affected aortic segment.

Some common causes of aortitis include:

* Infections such as bacterial, viral, or fungal infections
* Autoimmune disorders such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis
* Genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
* Trauma or injury to the aorta
* Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
* Blood vessel inflammation caused by certain medications

It's important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of aortitis, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Infection in an aneurysm can occur through bacteria entering the bloodstream and traveling to the site of the aneurysm. This can happen during surgery or other medical procedures, or as a result of a skin infection or other illness. Once the bacteria have entered the aneurysm, they can cause inflammation and potentially destroy the blood vessel wall, leading to further complications.

Symptoms of an infected aneurysm may include fever, chills, weakness, and pain in the affected limb or organ. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection and repair or replace the damaged blood vessel. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the infected tissue and prevent further complications.

Early detection and treatment of an infected aneurysm are important to prevent serious complications and improve outcomes for patients.

The disease begins with endothelial dysfunction, which allows lipid accumulation in the artery wall. Macrophages take up oxidized lipids and become foam cells, which die and release their contents, including inflammatory cytokines, leading to further inflammation and recruitment of more immune cells.

The atherosclerotic plaque can rupture or ulcerate, leading to the formation of a thrombus that can occlude the blood vessel, causing ischemia or infarction of downstream tissues. This can lead to various cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease that is influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol levels, and obesity. It is diagnosed by imaging techniques such as angiography, ultrasound, or computed tomography (CT) scans.

Treatment options for atherosclerosis include lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation, dietary changes, and exercise, as well as medications such as statins, beta blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. In severe cases, surgical interventions such as bypass surgery or angioplasty may be necessary.

In conclusion, atherosclerosis is a complex and multifactorial disease that affects the arteries and can lead to various cardiovascular diseases. Early detection and treatment can help prevent or slow down its progression, reducing the risk of complications and improving patient outcomes.

There are many different causes of pathological dilatation, including:

1. Infection: Infections like tuberculosis or abscesses can cause inflammation and swelling in affected tissues, leading to dilatation.
2. Inflammation: Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease can cause dilatation of blood vessels and organs.
3. Heart disease: Conditions like heart failure or coronary artery disease can lead to dilatation of the heart chambers or vessels.
4. Liver or spleen disease: Dilatation of the liver or spleen can occur due to conditions like cirrhosis or splenomegaly.
5. Neoplasms: Tumors can cause dilatation of affected structures, such as blood vessels or organs.

Pathological dilatation can lead to a range of symptoms depending on the location and severity of the condition. These may include:

1. Swelling or distension of the affected structure
2. Pain or discomfort in the affected area
3. Difficulty breathing or swallowing (in the case of dilatation in the throat or airways)
4. Fatigue or weakness
5. Pale or clammy skin
6. Rapid heart rate or palpitations
7. Shortness of breath (dyspnea)

Diagnosis of pathological dilatation typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies like X-rays or CT scans, and laboratory tests to identify the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the specific condition and may include medications, surgery, or other interventions to address the underlying cause and relieve symptoms.

The symptoms of Marfan syndrome can vary widely among individuals with the condition, but typically include:

1. Tall stature (often over 6 feet 5 inches)
2. Long limbs and fingers
3. Curvature of the spine (scoliosis)
4. Flexible joints
5. Eye problems, such as nearsightedness, glaucoma, and detached retinas
6. Heart problems, such as mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilatation
7. Blood vessel problems, such as aneurysms and dissections
8. Lung problems, such as pneumothorax (collapsed lung)
9. Other skeletal problems, such as pectus excavatum (a depression in the chest wall) and clubfoot

Marfan syndrome is usually diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, family history, and genetic testing. Treatment for the condition typically involves managing its various symptoms and complications, such as with medication, surgery, or lifestyle modifications. Individuals with Marfan syndrome may also need to avoid activities that could exacerbate their condition, such as contact sports or heavy lifting.

While there is currently no cure for Marfan syndrome, early diagnosis and appropriate management can help individuals with the condition live long and relatively healthy lives. With proper care and attention, many people with Marfan syndrome are able to lead fulfilling lives and achieve their goals.

Example sentences for 'Aneurysm, False'

The patient was diagnosed with a false aneurysm after experiencing sudden severe pain in his leg following a fall.
The surgeon treated the false aneurysm by inserting a catheter into the affected blood vessel and using it to deliver a special coil that would seal off the dilated area.

There are two types of hypertension:

1. Primary Hypertension: This type of hypertension has no identifiable cause and is also known as essential hypertension. It accounts for about 90% of all cases of hypertension.
2. Secondary Hypertension: This type of hypertension is caused by an underlying medical condition or medication. It accounts for about 10% of all cases of hypertension.

Some common causes of secondary hypertension include:

* Kidney disease
* Adrenal gland disorders
* Hormonal imbalances
* Certain medications
* Sleep apnea
* Cocaine use

There are also several risk factors for hypertension, including:

* Age (the risk increases with age)
* Family history of hypertension
* Obesity
* Lack of exercise
* High sodium intake
* Low potassium intake
* Stress

Hypertension is often asymptomatic, and it can cause damage to the blood vessels and organs over time. Some potential complications of hypertension include:

* Heart disease (e.g., heart attacks, heart failure)
* Stroke
* Kidney disease (e.g., chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease)
* Vision loss (e.g., retinopathy)
* Peripheral artery disease

Hypertension is typically diagnosed through blood pressure readings taken over a period of time. Treatment for hypertension may include lifestyle changes (e.g., diet, exercise, stress management), medications, or a combination of both. The goal of treatment is to reduce the risk of complications and improve quality of life.

1) They share similarities with humans: Many animal species share similar biological and physiological characteristics with humans, making them useful for studying human diseases. For example, mice and rats are often used to study diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer because they have similar metabolic and cardiovascular systems to humans.

2) They can be genetically manipulated: Animal disease models can be genetically engineered to develop specific diseases or to model human genetic disorders. This allows researchers to study the progression of the disease and test potential treatments in a controlled environment.

3) They can be used to test drugs and therapies: Before new drugs or therapies are tested in humans, they are often first tested in animal models of disease. This allows researchers to assess the safety and efficacy of the treatment before moving on to human clinical trials.

4) They can provide insights into disease mechanisms: Studying disease models in animals can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of a particular disease. This information can then be used to develop new treatments or improve existing ones.

5) Reduces the need for human testing: Using animal disease models reduces the need for human testing, which can be time-consuming, expensive, and ethically challenging. However, it is important to note that animal models are not perfect substitutes for human subjects, and results obtained from animal studies may not always translate to humans.

6) They can be used to study infectious diseases: Animal disease models can be used to study infectious diseases such as HIV, TB, and malaria. These models allow researchers to understand how the disease is transmitted, how it progresses, and how it responds to treatment.

7) They can be used to study complex diseases: Animal disease models can be used to study complex diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. These models allow researchers to understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease and test potential treatments.

8) They are cost-effective: Animal disease models are often less expensive than human clinical trials, making them a cost-effective way to conduct research.

9) They can be used to study drug delivery: Animal disease models can be used to study drug delivery and pharmacokinetics, which is important for developing new drugs and drug delivery systems.

10) They can be used to study aging: Animal disease models can be used to study the aging process and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This allows researchers to understand how aging contributes to disease and develop potential treatments.

The exact cause of Takayasu arteritis is not known, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, meaning the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in the body. The disease primarily affects women of childbearing age, although it can occur at any age.

The symptoms of Takayasu arteritis can vary depending on the location and severity of the inflammation. Common symptoms include:

* Fatigue
* Weakness
* Joint pain
* Fever
* Headaches
* Muscle wasting
* Decreased vision

If the disease affects the aorta, it can cause:

* Aortic regurgitation
* Aortic stenosis
* Aortic aneurysm

Diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis is based on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Laboratory tests may include:

* Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
* C-reactive protein (CRP)
* Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)
* Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)

Imaging studies may include:

* Ultrasonography (US)
* Computed tomography (CT)
* Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
* Positron emission tomography (PET)

Treatment for Takayasu arteritis typically involves a combination of medications and surgery. Medications may include:

* Glucocorticoids
* Immunosuppressive drugs
* Antibiotics

Surgical interventions may include:

* Aortic root replacement
* Aortic grafting
* Bypass surgery

The prognosis for Takayasu arteritis is generally good if the disease is diagnosed and treated early, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 80%. However, if left untreated, the disease can progress to severe complications such as aortic dissection, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which can be fatal.

Prevention of Takayasu arteritis is not possible, as the exact cause of the disease is not fully understood. However, early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Current research is focused on identifying specific biomarkers that can aid in the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis, as well as developing new treatments that can more effectively target the underlying immune mechanisms of the disease.

There are several different types of calcinosis, each with its own unique causes and symptoms. Some common forms of calcinosis include:

1. Dystrophic calcinosis: This type of calcinosis occurs in people with muscular dystrophy, a group of genetic disorders that affect muscle strength and function. Dystrophic calcinosis can cause calcium deposits to form in the muscles, leading to muscle weakness and wasting.
2. Metastatic calcinosis: This type of calcinosis occurs when cancer cells spread to other parts of the body and cause calcium deposits to form. Metastatic calcinosis can occur in people with a variety of different types of cancer, including breast, lung, and prostate cancer.
3. Idiopathic calcinosis: This type of calcinosis occurs for no apparent reason, and the exact cause is not known. Idiopathic calcinosis can affect people of all ages and can cause calcium deposits to form in a variety of different tissues.
4. Secondary calcinosis: This type of calcidosis occurs as a result of an underlying medical condition or injury. For example, secondary calcinosis can occur in people with kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism (a condition in which the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone), or traumatic injuries.

Treatment for calcinosis depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In some cases, treatment may involve managing the underlying disease or condition that is causing the calcium deposits to form. Other treatments may include medications to reduce inflammation and pain, physical therapy to improve mobility and strength, and surgery to remove the calcium deposits.

There are several causes of aortic valve insufficiency, including:

1. Congenital heart defects
2. Rheumatic fever
3. Endocarditis (infection of the inner lining of the heart)
4. Aging and wear and tear on the valve
5. Trauma to the chest
6. Connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Symptoms of aortic valve insufficiency can include fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling in the legs and feet, and chest pain. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart), electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), and chest X-ray.

Treatment options for aortic valve insufficiency depend on the severity of the condition and may include:

1. Medications to manage symptoms such as heart failure, high blood pressure, and arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms)
2. Lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet and regular exercise
3. Repair or replacement of the aortic valve through surgery. This may involve replacing the valve with an artificial one, or repairing the existing valve through a procedure called valvuloplasty.
4. In some cases, catheter-based procedures such as balloon valvuloplasty or valve replacement may be used.

It is important to note that aortic valve insufficiency can lead to complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and endocarditis, which can be life-threatening if left untreated. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

Types of Aortic Arch Syndromes:

1. Turner Syndrome: A genetic disorder that affects females and is caused by a missing X chromosome. This condition can result in short stature, infertility, and heart defects, including aortic arch syndrome.
2. Down Syndrome: A genetic disorder that occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21. This condition can cause a range of symptoms, including heart defects such as aortic arch syndrome.
3. Williams Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder caused by a deletion of genetic material from chromosome 7. This condition is characterized by cardiovascular problems, including aortic arch syndrome.
4. Marfan Syndrome: An inherited disorder that affects the body's connective tissue, including the heart and blood vessels. This condition can cause aortic arch syndrome and other cardiovascular problems.
5. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A group of inherited disorders that affect the body's connective tissue, including the heart and blood vessels. This condition can cause aortic arch syndrome and other cardiovascular problems.

Symptoms of Aortic Arch Syndromes:

1. Chest pain or pressure
2. Shortness of breath
3. Dizziness or fainting
4. Pulse deficiency in the arms or legs
5. Blue discoloration of the skin (cyanosis)
6. Heart murmurs
7. Abnormal heart rhythms

Diagnosis of Aortic Arch Syndromes:

1. Physical examination and medical history
2. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
3. Echocardiography
4. Cardiac catheterization
5. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans

Treatment of Aortic Arch Syndromes:

1. Medications to control symptoms such as high blood pressure, heart failure, or abnormal heart rhythms
2. Surgery to repair or replace the aortic arch, including open-heart surgery or minimally invasive procedures
3. Monitoring and follow-up care to manage the condition and prevent complications.

Prognosis for Aortic Arch Syndromes:

The prognosis for aortic arch syndromes varies depending on the underlying cause of the condition, the severity of the symptoms, and the effectiveness of treatment. In general, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can improve the outlook for individuals with these conditions. However, without proper care, the condition can be life-threatening.

There are several types of hypercholesterolemia, including:

1. Familial hypercholesterolemia: This is an inherited condition that causes high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also known as "bad" cholesterol, in the blood.
2. Non-familial hypercholesterolemia: This type of hypercholesterolemia is not inherited and can be caused by a variety of factors, such as a high-fat diet, lack of exercise, obesity, and certain medical conditions, such as hypothyroidism or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
3. Mixed hypercholesterolemia: This type of hypercholesterolemia is characterized by high levels of both LDL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the blood.

The diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia is typically made based on a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, such as a lipid profile, which measures the levels of different types of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. Treatment for hypercholesterolemia usually involves lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, and may also include medication, such as statins, to lower cholesterol levels.

Aortic valve stenosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including aging, calcium buildup, or congenital heart defects. It is typically diagnosed through echocardiography or cardiac catheterization. Treatment options for aortic valve stenosis include medications to manage symptoms, aortic valve replacement surgery, or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), which is a minimally invasive procedure.

In TAVR, a thin tube is inserted through a blood vessel in the leg and guided to the heart, where it delivers a new aortic valve. This can be performed through a small incision in the chest or through a catheter inserted into the femoral artery.

While TAVR has become increasingly popular for treating aortic valve stenosis, it is not suitable for all patients and requires careful evaluation to determine the best course of treatment. It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of TAVR with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate treatment plan for each individual patient.

Types of congenital heart defects include:

1. Ventricular septal defect (VSD): A hole in the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart, allowing abnormal blood flow.
2. Atrial septal defect (ASD): A hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart, also allowing abnormal blood flow.
3. Tetralogy of Fallot: A combination of four heart defects, including VSD, pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve), and abnormal development of the infundibulum (a part of the heart that connects the ventricles to the pulmonary artery).
4. Transposition of the great vessels: A condition in which the aorta and/or pulmonary artery are placed in the wrong position, disrupting blood flow.
5. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS): A severe defect in which the left side of the heart is underdeveloped, resulting in insufficient blood flow to the body.
6. Pulmonary atresia: A condition in which the pulmonary valve does not form properly, blocking blood flow to the lungs.
7. Truncus arteriosus: A rare defect in which a single artery instead of two (aorta and pulmonary artery) arises from the heart.
8. Double-outlet right ventricle: A condition in which both the aorta and the pulmonary artery arise from the right ventricle instead of the left ventricle.

Causes of congenital heart defects are not fully understood, but genetics, environmental factors, and viral infections during pregnancy may play a role. Diagnosis is typically made through fetal echocardiography or cardiac ultrasound during pregnancy or after birth. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the defect and may include medication, surgery, or heart transplantation. With advances in medical technology and treatment, many children with congenital heart disease can lead active, healthy lives into adulthood.


There are several types of ulcers, including:

1. Peptic ulcer: A type of ulcer that occurs in the lining of the stomach or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). Peptic ulcers are caused by excess acid production and are often associated with stress, spicy foods, and certain medications.
2. Stomal ulcer: A type of ulcer that occurs in the stoma (the opening) of a surgically created ostomy (a procedure that creates an artificial opening in the abdominal wall).
3. Pressure ulcer: A type of ulcer that occurs as a result of prolonged pressure on the skin, often seen in people who are bedridden or have mobility issues.
4. Venous ulcer: A type of ulcer that occurs on the legs and is caused by poor blood flow and increased pressure in the veins.
5. Diabetic foot ulcer: A type of ulcer that occurs on the feet of people with diabetes, often as a result of nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor blood flow.

The symptoms of an ulcer can vary depending on its location and severity, but may include:

* Pain or discomfort in the affected area
* Redness and swelling around the ulcer
* Discharge or pus from the ulcer
* Fever or chills
* Difficulty healing

Treatment for an ulcer will depend on its cause and severity, but may include:

* Antibiotics to treat any underlying infections
* Medications to reduce acid production or protect the stomach lining
* Wound care and dressing changes to promote healing
* Surgery to close the ulcer or remove any dead tissue
* Changes to diet and lifestyle to manage underlying conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure.

Paraplegia is classified into two main types:

1. Complete paraplegia: Total loss of motor function in both legs and pelvis.
2. Incomplete paraplegia: Some degree of motor function remains in the affected limbs.

Symptoms of paraplegia can include weakness, paralysis, numbness, or tingling sensations below the level of the spinal cord injury. Loss of bladder and bowel control, sexual dysfunction, and changes in sensation (such as decreased sensitivity to touch and temperature) are also common.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, neurological tests such as reflexes and muscle strength, and imaging studies like X-rays or MRIs to determine the underlying cause of paraplegia. Treatment depends on the specific cause of the condition and may include medications, rehabilitation therapy, and assistive devices such as braces, canes, or wheelchairs.

Symptoms of Spinal Cord Ischemia may include weakness, paralysis, loss of sensation, and loss of reflexes in the affected area. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, and laboratory tests.

Treatment for Spinal Cord Ischemia depends on the underlying cause and may include medications to dissolve blood clots, surgery to repair arterial damage, or supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent further damage. In severe cases, Spinal Cord Ischemia can lead to permanent neurological damage or death.

Spinal Cord Ischemia is a serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term neurological damage or death.

Types of Arterial Occlusive Diseases:

1. Atherosclerosis: Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, leading to narrowing or blockages that can restrict blood flow to certain areas of the body.
2. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): PAD is a condition where the blood vessels in the legs and arms become narrowed or blocked, leading to pain or cramping in the affected limbs.
3. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): CAD is a condition where the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, become narrowed or blocked, leading to chest pain or a heart attack.
4. Carotid Artery Disease: Carotid artery disease is a condition where the carotid arteries, which supply blood to the brain, become narrowed or blocked, leading to stroke or mini-stroke.
5. Renal Artery Stenosis: Renal artery stenosis is a condition where the blood vessels that supply the kidneys become narrowed or blocked, leading to high blood pressure and decreased kidney function.

Symptoms of Arterial Occlusive Diseases:

1. Pain or cramping in the affected limbs
2. Weakness or fatigue
3. Difficulty walking or standing
4. Chest pain or discomfort
5. Shortness of breath
6. Dizziness or lightheadedness
7. Stroke or mini-stroke

Treatment for Arterial Occlusive Diseases:

1. Medications: Medications such as blood thinners, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and blood pressure medications may be prescribed to treat arterial occlusive diseases.
2. Lifestyle Changes: Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.
3. Endovascular Procedures: Endovascular procedures such as angioplasty and stenting may be performed to open up narrowed or blocked blood vessels.
4. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat arterial occlusive diseases, such as bypass surgery or carotid endarterectomy.

Prevention of Arterial Occlusive Diseases:

1. Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle
2. Quit smoking and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke
3. Exercise regularly
4. Manage high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes
5. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption
6. Get regular check-ups with your healthcare provider

Early detection and treatment of arterial occlusive diseases can help manage symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and prevent complications such as heart attack or stroke.

1. Infection: Bacterial or viral infections can develop after surgery, potentially leading to sepsis or organ failure.
2. Adhesions: Scar tissue can form during the healing process, which can cause bowel obstruction, chronic pain, or other complications.
3. Wound complications: Incisional hernias, wound dehiscence (separation of the wound edges), and wound infections can occur.
4. Respiratory problems: Pneumonia, respiratory failure, and atelectasis (collapsed lung) can develop after surgery, particularly in older adults or those with pre-existing respiratory conditions.
5. Cardiovascular complications: Myocardial infarction (heart attack), cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiac failure can occur after surgery, especially in high-risk patients.
6. Renal (kidney) problems: Acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease can develop postoperatively, particularly in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
7. Neurological complications: Stroke, seizures, and neuropraxia (nerve damage) can occur after surgery, especially in patients with pre-existing neurological conditions.
8. Pulmonary embolism: Blood clots can form in the legs or lungs after surgery, potentially causing pulmonary embolism.
9. Anesthesia-related complications: Respiratory and cardiac complications can occur during anesthesia, including respiratory and cardiac arrest.
10. delayed healing: Wound healing may be delayed or impaired after surgery, particularly in patients with pre-existing medical conditions.

It is important for patients to be aware of these potential complications and to discuss any concerns with their surgeon and healthcare team before undergoing surgery.

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Schulte KM, Reiher L, Grabitz L, Sandmann W (Nov 2000). "Coral reef aorta: a long-term study of 21 patients". Ann Vasc Surg. 14 ... Studies may include echocardiography, thoracic and abdominal CT or MRI,[excessive citations] peripheral arterial run off ... Policha A, Moudgill N, Eisenberg J, Rao A, DiMuzio P (2013). "Coral reef aorta: case report and review of the literature". ... Belczak SQ, Sincos IR, Aun R, Costa KV, Araujo EA (Apr 2014). "Coral reef aorta, emergency surgical: case report and literature ...
The project tested the feasibility of replacing a diseased abdominal aorta with a mesh supported vena cava autograft In mid ... From 1972 to 1988 he established the annual Peter Allen Surgical Essay Award, open to senior cardio-thoracic trainees in the ... "Surgical Management of Post Infarction Ventricular Septal Defects". In the Journal of Thoracic and Cardio Vascular Surgery #51 ... 1956 - Annual research prize of the British Columbia Surgical Society for work on the diseased abdominal aorta. 1957 - ...
It may be caused by a problem in the aorta or in the esophagus, and must be repaired with surgery to avoid hemorrhage. Common ... "Management of aorto-esophageal fistula secondary after thoracic endovascular aortic repair: a review of literature". Clinical ... An aortoesophageal fistula is a rarely-occurring abnormal fistula connection between the aorta and the esophagus. ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Diseases of the aorta, Esophagus disorders). ...
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Other uncommon causes are coarctation of the aorta, Trousseau disease[medical citation needed] and Beurger's disease ( ... and thoracic surgeons, among others.[citation needed] Surgery is the last resort; vascular surgeons can perform either ... Doshi, Arpan R; Chikkabyrappa, Sathish (5 December 2018). "Coarctation of Aorta in Children". Cureus. 10 (12): e3690. doi: ...
CTA can be used in the chest and abdomen to identify aneurysms in the aorta or other major blood vessels. These areas of ... American College of Chest Physicians; American Thoracic Society (September 2013), "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should ... CTA is used also to identify arterial dissection, including aortic dissection in the aorta or its major branches. Arterial ... the aorta and other large blood vessels, the lungs, the kidneys, the head and neck, and the arms and legs.[citation needed] CTA ...
Pseudoaneurysm of ascending aorta 35 years after repair of tetralogy of Fallot". Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic ... He has been a recognized trainer, too, with more than 100 cardio-thoracic surgeons around the world, trained under him. On the ... His first post graduate degree was the Master of Surgery (MS) which was followed by MCh in cardiovascular thoracic surgery, ... Annals of Thoracic Surgery. Archived from the original on 15 August 2014. Harpreet Wasir; Anil Bhan; Shiv Kumar Choudhary; ...
On the Experimental Surgery of the Thoracic Aorta and the Heart. Ann Surg 1910; 52:83-95 Sarnoff SJ, Donovan TJ, Case RB. The ... and a conduit containing a bioprosthetic valve anastomosed to the descending thoracic aorta. Blood exits the left ventricle ... 60% to 70% of the heart's output flows through the bypass to the aorta. The load on the heart is markedly reduced, and symptoms ... This is because the native valve and ascending aorta are not manipulated in any way. Calcified layers and other debris do not ...
"Multiphase simulation of blood flow within main thoracic arteries of 8-year-old child with coarctation of the aorta". Heat and ...
Atrial Myxoma Aorta: Traumatic injury Incidence: Although injury to the thoracic aorta is often fatal, in 10% of cases that ... Escribano JF, Carnès J, Crespo MA, Antûn RF (January 2006). "Ortner's Syndrome and Endoluminal Treatment of a Thoracic Aortic ... thoracic aortic aneurysms, an enlarged pulmonary artery and aberrant subclavian artery syndrome have been reported compressing ... The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 98 (4): 611-3. doi:10.1016/S0022-5223(19)34364-8. PMID 2796367. Subramaniam ...
... or for access to the thoracic aorta or the anterior spine (the latter may be necessary to access tumors in the spine). A ... Pulmonary thoracic surgery, Thoracic surgical procedures, Surgical incisions). ... Thoracic epidural analgesia or paravertebral blockade have shown to be the most effective methods for post-thoracotomy pain ... Comparing thoracic epidural analgesia and paravertebral blockade, paravertebral blockade reduced the risks of developing minor ...
Repair of Fallot's Tetralogy • PDA • Surgery for Coarctation of aorta • PA banding • Right Heart bypass in uni ventricular ... institute has hosted several national meetings including the annual meetings of Pakistan Society of Cardiovascular and Thoracic ...
The left ventricle pumps blood to the aorta through the aortic valve. There are many potential causes of heart valve damage, ... Gott VL, Alejo DE, Cameron DE (December 2003). "Mechanical heart valves: 50 years of evolution". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery ... The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 149 (1): 340-5. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.09.062. PMID 25439467. Bartuś K, ... The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 99 (4): 1239-47. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.10.070. PMC 5132179. PMID 25662439. Flameng W, ...
A septum begins to form between what will later become the ascending aorta and pulmonary tract. As the septum forms, the two ... The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 155 (5): 2002-2010. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.12.061. PMID 29397976. S2CID ... The aortic and pulmonary valves are located at the base of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk respectively. These are also ... During ventricular systole, pressure rises in the left ventricle and when it is greater than the pressure in the aorta, the ...
Eventually, brachiocephalic artery is derived from ventral aorta, same as ascending aorta. Left horn forms proximal ascending ... Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 19 (1): 60-62. doi:10.5761/atcs.cr.12.01889. PMID 22785449. Grollman, Julius H ... It is chronologically the first portion of the aorta to form, and appears as a dilation superior to the truncus arteriosus. ... It occasionally arises from the aorta, the right common carotid, the subclavian or the internal mammary. Aortic sac is the ...
Subclavian steal syndrome arises from retrograde (reversed) flow of blood in the vertebral artery or the internal thoracic ... a tear in the aorta) and cardiomyopathy can also result in syncope. Various medications, such as beta blockers, may cause ...
A ball valve prosthesis placed on the descending thoracic aorta (heterotopically) was developed by Hufnagel, Harvey and others ... "The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database: 2019 Update on Outcomes and Quality". The Annals of Thoracic ... When the set-up is ready, the aorta is clamped shut with a cross-clamp to stop blood pumping through the heart and cardioplegia ... It separates the heart from the aorta. Each cusp is attached to the aortic wall creating a sinus; a Valsalva sinus. The origins ...
... are confined to the thoracic portion of the aorta including the ascending aorta, aorta arch, and the descending aorta. Of the ... Injury of the thoracic aorta refers to any injury which affects the portion of the aorta which lies within the chest cavity. ... If the injury is in the descending thoracic aorta this could lead to a hemothorax. Where as an injury to the ascending aorta ... Between the mobile ascending aorta and the relatively fixed descending thoracic aorta is the aortic isthmus. When there is a ...
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"中华医学会胸心血管外科分会简介". Chinese Society Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (in Chinese). "沉痛悼念我国胸心血管外科奠基人-苏鸿熙教授". Xijing Hospital, ... In 1963, he performed the first aorta-carotid bypass in mainland China using a vascular prosthesis. He was transferred to 301 ... Su founded the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at the Fourth Military Medical University. On June 26, 1958, ... Hospital in 1972 and served as the first president of the
The". Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 52 (3): 688-695. doi:10.1016/0003-4975(91)90978-y. PMID 1898174. McHugh, KE; Hillman, DG; ... Typical findings include a small left ventricle and aorta, abnormalities of the mitral and aortic valves, retrograde flow in ... Several structures can be affected including the left ventricle, aorta, aortic valve, or mitral valve all resulting in ... The narrow aorta is enlarged using a patch to improve blood flow to the body. During this time the baby may be medically ...
2.2, applied for blood flows in a thoracic aorta and for flows in simple spiral tubes to examine torsion effects. Then, finite ... 2.2.1 Visualization of Flows in a Thoracic Aorta. Effects of curvature on flows in curved tubes have been discussed extensively ... Suito, H., Otera, K., Huynh, V.Q., Takizawa, K., Horio, N., Ueda, T. (2022). Numerical Study for Blood Flows in Thoracic Aorta ... 2.3.1 Torsion Effects on Flows in the Thoracic Aorta. Next we consider fluid-structure interaction (FSI) to examine torsion ...
SafetyLit is produced by the SafetyLit Foundation in cooperation with San Diego State University and the World Health Organization.
... macromolecular structural development of the mouse thoracic aorta from birth to 60 days old. Baseline development was ... Multiphoton images from the proximal, mid and distal thoracic aorta (PTA, MTA and DTA) of 1 day old (do), 30do and 60do SR-BI ... Study of the development of the mouse thoracic aorta three-dimensional macromolecular structure using two-photon microscopy ... Histological features of representative proximal thoracic aortas (PTAs) from SR-BI-/-/ApoeR61h/h mice aged 1-60 days old (do). ...
Protein expression of NOX1 (A) and TLR4 (B) in TAA from MFS patients in comparison with a segment of the thoracic aorta from CS ... Enzymatic activities of TrxR (A) and GPx (B) in TAA from MFS patients in comparison with a segment of the thoracic aorta from ... a segment of the thoracic aorta from CS, respectively. Cystic necrosis with rupture of elastic fibers is observed in MFS ... Reduced Levels of Selenium and Thioredoxin Reductase in the Thoracic Aorta Could Contribute to Aneurysm Formation in Patients ...
Access this presentation on ESC 365 from ESC Congress 2019 on Treatment by Professor M. Czerny (Germany,DE) on ESC 365.
... Author: Wistuba, Mariel R.; Alonso Pérez, Manuel. ; Al- ...
Emergency Endovascular Interventions on Descending Thoracic Aorta: A Single-Center Experie Emergency Endovascular Interventions ... for the treatment of acute surgical emergencies involving the descending thoracic aorta. Methods:. A retrospective review of ... on Descending Thoracic Aorta: A Single-Center Experience. Buczkowski, Piotr; Puslecki, Mateusz; Ligowski, Marcin; Dabrowski, ... The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) ...
This medical illustration pictures the abdominal and thoracic aorta, along with labels for ascending aorta, aortic arch, kidney ...
Start Over You searched for: Subjects Aorta, Thoracic ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Aorta, Thoracic Publication Year 1800 to ...
ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM AND THORACIC AORTA. Teacher. Prof. Dr. Mustafa GÜDEN ...
Aortopathy Assessment using a Wall Shear Stress Atlas of the Thoracic Aorta. Project: Research ...
Rupture of the thoracic aorta following closed thoracic injury (a case report). Journal of Postgraduate Medicine. 1970 Jul; 16( ... Rupture of the thoracic aorta following closed thoracic injury (a case report).. ...
Thoracic aortic calcification (TAC) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) have been proposed for risk assessment of coronary artery ... Aorta, Thoracic* / diagnostic imaging * Aortic Diseases / diagnostic imaging * Aortic Diseases / epidemiology* * Aortography / ... Thoracic aortic calcification (TAC) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) have been proposed for risk assessment of coronary artery ... Prevalence of thoracic aortic calcification and its relationship to cardiovascular risk factors and coronary calcification in ...
For people with aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta:. *Major surgery is done to replace the aorta with a fabric graft if ... A thoracic aortic aneurysm occurs in the part of the bodys largest artery (the aorta) that passes through the chest. ... For people with aneurysms of the ascending aorta or aortic arch:. *Surgery to replace the aorta is recommended if an aneurysm ... Diseases of the aorta. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap ...
Dissection of descending thoracic aorta I71.019 Dissection of thoracic aorta, unspecified I71.11 Aneurysm of the ascending ...
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officinalis in rat isolated thoracic aorta. Phytomedicine. 2008, 15, 1087-1092. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] ...
Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics assessment of thoracic aorta blood flow: a ... Turbulent WSS contributed to 40% of the total WSS in the ascending aorta and 38% in the entire aorta. Viscous and turbulent ... European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Vol: 57, Pages: 438-446, ISSN: 1010-7940 The death rate from thoracic aortic ... the 1D through-plane profile could be a sufficient inlet BC for studies focusing on distal regions of the thoracic aorta. ...
... or the descending thoracic aorta. Aortic aneurysm is defined as a localized or diffuse dilatation of more than 50% normal ... Thoracic aortic aneurysm represents aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending thoracic aorta, the aortic arch, ... Thoracic aneurysms are classified in accordance with the portion of aorta involved: the ascending thoracic aorta, the arch, or ... represents aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending thoracic aorta, the aortic arch, or the descending thoracic aorta, or a ...
Aorta (thoracic) Pancreas. Bone & bone marrow (femur including stifle joint). Pituitary. Bone & bone marrow (sternum) Prostate ... Aorta (thoracic) Pancreas. Bone & bone marrow (femur including stifle joint). Pituitary. Bone & bone marrow (sternum) Prostate ... Spinal cord (cervical, mid-thoracic and lumbar). Eyes. Gross lesions Spleen. Heart Stomach. Ileum (including Peyers patches) ... Spinal cord (cervical, mid-thoracic and lumbar). Eyes. Gross lesions Spleen. Heart Stomach. Ileum (including Peyers patches) ...
National trends of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (tevar) versus open repair in blunt thoracic aortic injury. Ann Vasc ... National trends of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (tevar) versus open repair in blunt thoracic aortic injury. Ann Vasc ... National trends of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (tevar) versus open repair in blunt thoracic aortic injury. Ann Vasc ... National trends of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (tevar) versus open repair in blunt thoracic aortic injury. Ann Vasc ...
Artery, Aorta (Ascending or Thoracic). 133. 440. 706. 798. Artery, Coronary. 97 ...
Successful Resection of Aneurysm of Thoracic Aorta and Replacement by Graft Creator: Cooley, Denton A.. DeBakey, Michael E. ( ... American Association for Thoracic Surgery Genre: Articles 16. The Clinic of Professor Rene Leriche ... Surgical Treatment of Aneurysms and Occlusive Disease of the Aorta Creator: Cooley, Denton A.. DeBakey, Michael E. (Michael ... 4. Aneurysm of Thoracoabdominal Aorta Involving the Celiac, Superior Mesenteric, and Renal Arteries. Report of Four Cases ...
Figure A shows the thoracic and abdominal sections of a normal aorta. Figure B shows a thoracic aortic aneurysm. The one in ... Thoracic aortic aneurysm occurs in the chest portion of the aorta, above the diaphragm, and is less common. ... This health topic focuses on two types of aneurysms that affect the aorta: abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and thoracic aortic ... The aorta has thick walls that stand up to normal blood pressure. However, certain medical problems, genetic conditions, and ...
Thoracic Aortic Dissection (Type A). *See Aorta Diameter Measurement on PLAX View ... Thoracic Aortic Dissection (Type A). *See Aorta Diameter Measurement on PLAX View ...
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) - these occur in the part of the aorta running through the chest ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Aortic Dissection (National ... Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection: MedlinePlus Genetics (National Library of Medicine) ... Most aneurysms are in the aorta, the main artery that runs from the heart through the chest and abdomen. ...
  • The most common cause of a thoracic aortic aneurysm is hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Management of abdominal aorta aneurysms. (escardio.org)
  • This medical illustration pictures the abdominal and thoracic aorta, along with labels for ascending aorta, aortic arch, kidney and iliac artery. (doereport.com)
  • Thoracic aortic aneurysms are less common than aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. (medscape.com)
  • Rupture of a thoracic aortic aneurysm is more frequent than abdominal aortic rupture. (medscape.com)
  • Contrast CT scans rapidly and precisely evaluate the thoracic and abdominal aorta to determine the location and extent of the aneurysm and the relation of the aneurysm to major branch vessels and surrounding structures. (medscape.com)
  • This health topic focuses on two types of aneurysms that affect the aorta: abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA). (nih.gov)
  • The abdominal part of the aorta runs through the stomach area. (nih.gov)
  • Figure A shows the thoracic and abdominal sections of a normal aorta. (nih.gov)
  • 8. Primary sarcoma of the distal abdominal aorta: CT angiography findings. (nih.gov)
  • The thoracic aorta continues to branch into many tiny arteries that supply blood to the organs, muscles, and skin of the thorax before entering the abdomen as the abdominal aorta. (innerbody.com)
  • Blood from the abdominal aorta supplies oxygen and nutrients to the vital organs of the abdomen through arteries such as the celiac trunk and common hepatic arteries. (innerbody.com)
  • The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM , eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA . (nih.gov)
  • Implementation of emergency endovascular aortic repair provides an attractive opportunity in the treatment of complicated acute aortic syndromes involving descending aorta . (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of thoracic endovascular aortic repair ( TEVAR ) for the treatment of acute surgical emergencies involving the descending thoracic aorta . (bvsalud.org)
  • Technical and clinical success with patient mortality , survival , and reoperation rate was evaluated according to Society for Vascular Surgery reporting standards for thoracic endovascular aortic repair ( TEVAR ). (bvsalud.org)
  • O trauma fechado de aorta torácica é a segunda causa de óbito em pacientes vítimas de trauma e apresenta taxa de mortalidade pré-hospitalar de 80%, ficando atrás apenas do traumatismo craniano 1 1 Shan JG, Zhai XM, Liu JD, Yang WG, Xue S. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair for traumatic thoracic aortic injury: a single-center initial experience. (scielo.br)
  • Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of aortic aneurysms and dissections involving the arch has evolved over the last two decades. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Blood leaks along the wall of the aorta (aortic dissection). (medlineplus.gov)
  • This can lead to a sudden tear of the inner wall of the aorta that allows blood to flow between the aorta's inner and outer walls (also called a dissection). (nih.gov)
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Rupture of the thoracic aorta following closed thoracic injury (a case report). (who.int)
  • These aortic abnormalities can be serious as they can decrease blood flow to other parts of the body and/or cause the aorta to rupture. (nih.gov)
  • A thoracic aortic aneurysm occurs in the part of the body's largest artery (the aorta) that passes through the chest. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Thoracic aortic calcification (TAC) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) have been proposed for risk assessment of coronary artery and cardiovascular disease events. (nih.gov)
  • Aortic aneurysms are balloon-like bulges that occur in the aorta, the main artery carrying oxygen-rich blood to your body. (nih.gov)
  • Most aneurysms are in the aorta, the main artery that runs from the heart through the chest and abdomen. (nih.gov)
  • The aorta, main pulmonary artery, ductus arteriosus, right superior vena cava, left superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava were all circumferentially dissected. (ctsnet.org)
  • The coronary artery ostia were then excised with a generous button of sinus aorta. (ctsnet.org)
  • Oxygenated blood exits the left ventricle of the heart and enters the aorta, the largest artery in the human body. (innerbody.com)
  • The arch of the aorta branches off into three major arteries - the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. (innerbody.com)
  • Increase prevalence of aortic root dilatation and ascending aorta dilatation in patients with coronary artery ectasia. (who.int)
  • Acher CW, Wynn M. Thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysms: open surgical treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Aneurysm of Thoracoabdominal Aorta Involving the Celiac, Superior Mesenteric, and Renal Arteries. (nih.gov)
  • 9. Angiosarcoma of the thoracoabdominal aorta presenting with systemic hypertension, anemia, and visceral ischemia. (nih.gov)
  • The dominant LOX variation contributes to familial thoracic aortic aneurysm. (nih.gov)
  • Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection (Familial TAAD) is a rare condition that affects the aorta (the large blood vessel that distributes blood from the heart to the rest of the body). (nih.gov)
  • When Do Symptoms of Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection Begin? (nih.gov)
  • Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) represents aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending thoracic aorta, the aortic arch, or the descending thoracic aorta, or a combination of these locations. (medscape.com)
  • Aneurism of the descending arch of the aorta. (nih.gov)
  • Aneurismal tumor from the arch of the aorta. (nih.gov)
  • Aneurism of the arch of the aorta. (nih.gov)
  • The ductus arteriosus, aortic arch, and descending thoracic aorta were mobilized. (ctsnet.org)
  • The ascending aorta extends superiorly from the heart before making a 180-degree turn to the left in a portion called the arch of the aorta. (innerbody.com)
  • Aortic aneurysm is defined as a localized or diffuse dilatation of more than 50% normal diameter of the aorta. (medscape.com)
  • Injection aortography was used as a gold standard and to assess the presence of ascending aorta dilatation in those patients. (who.int)
  • Dilated Ascending aorta was associated with a higher prevalence of aortic root dilatation. (who.int)
  • AMDS is pre-loaded onto the delivery system and is delivered into the true lumen through the open distal aorta and implanted according to the instructions for use. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Next, the neo-aortic root was anastomosed to the ascending aorta with continuous 7-0 Prolene sutures. (ctsnet.org)
  • From there it passes posterior to the heart as the thoracic aorta on its way toward the abdomen. (innerbody.com)
  • Thoracic aortic aneurysm occurs in the chest portion of the aorta, above the diaphragm , and is less common. (nih.gov)
  • [ 1 ] It is the most common disease of the thoracic aorta requiring surgical treatment. (medscape.com)
  • 19. Surgical treatment of a floating thrombus of the ascending aorta causing repeated arterial embolisms. (nih.gov)
  • An aortogram (a special set of x-ray images made when dye is injected into the aorta) can identify the aneurysm and any branches of the aorta that may be involved. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The aorta branches as it passes through the thorax, branching off into several major arteries as well as many minor ones. (innerbody.com)
  • The aorta was opened approximately 2-3 mm cephalad to the sinotubular junction. (ctsnet.org)
  • however, aortography is still the preferred modality for the preoperative evaluation of thoracic aortic aneurysms and for precise definition of the anatomy of the aneurysm and great vessels. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnosis of aortic dissection by standard transthoracic echocardiography is based on detecting intimal flaps in the aorta. (medscape.com)
  • Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga Street 1/2, Poznan 61-848, Poland. (bvsalud.org)
  • Surgery to replace the aorta is recommended if an aneurysm is larger than 5 to 6 centimeters (approximately 2 inches). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Major surgery is done to replace the aorta with a fabric graft if the aneurysm is larger than 6 centimeters (2.3 inches). (medlineplus.gov)
  • A chest CT scan shows the size of the aorta and the exact location of the aneurysm. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Many thoracic aneurysms are readily visible on chest radiographs. (medscape.com)
  • Histopathological analysis of aortas revealed that mice receiving combined nicotine and Ang II treatment induced significant hypertrophy compared to all other groups. (nih.gov)
  • Indomethacin Prevents the Progression of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in Marfan Syndrome Mice. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • It is called the ascending aorta. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The most common location for TAA is the ascending aorta, followed by the descending aorta. (medscape.com)
  • a case report on the treatment of a large thrombus in the ascending aorta. (nih.gov)
  • The left and right coronary arteries branch off from the ascending aorta, supplying the heart with its vital blood supply. (innerbody.com)
  • 2.2 , applied for blood flows in a thoracic aorta and for flows in simple spiral tubes to examine torsion effects. (springer.com)
  • The long-term outlook for people with thoracic aortic aneurysm depends on other medical problems, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The aorta has thick walls that stand up to normal blood pressure. (nih.gov)
  • This is a descriptive study based on review of the electronic medical records of patients who had suffered from blunt thoracic aorta trauma and were seen at a hospital specializing in trauma cases in the city of Curitiba (Paraná, Brazil). (scielo.br)
  • Most thoracic aortic aneurysms are detected on imaging tests performed for other reasons. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To screen for an aortic aneurysm, your provider may recommend an imaging study to look at and measure the aorta. (nih.gov)
  • The endovascular method is a viable alternative for treatment of blunt trauma thoracic aortic injuries. (scielo.br)
  • Case of double aneurism of the aorta, and description of treatment of in, ternal aneurisms by electrolysis. (nih.gov)
  • 12. Primary angiosarcoma of the aorta, great vessels, and the heart. (nih.gov)
  • In people affected by this condition, the thoracic aorta (the upper part of the aorta, near the heart) may become weakened, stretched and/or enlarged. (nih.gov)
  • 16. [Angiosarcoma of the aorta--a case report]. (nih.gov)
  • Figure B shows a thoracic aortic aneurysm. (nih.gov)
  • This study aims to address this gap by evaluating different modelling and post-processing approaches in simulations of a patient-specific aorta. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • A subtle finding in the apical 4-chamber view is the very small aorta behind the left atrium. (medscape.com)
  • Looking closely at Figure 5, one sees not only what appears to be a subaortic membrane, but also a very small descending thoracic aorta behind the left atrium. (medscape.com)
  • CT scans usually show dilation of the aorta, an intimal flap, and both the false and true lumina. (medscape.com)