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AntiveninsDrug LabelingSnake BitesDrug RepositioningProduct LabelingUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationPrescription DrugsElapidaeElapid VenomsNamesBlack Widow SpiderCrotalusSpider BitesArthropod VenomsSpider VenomsSpidersSilkBloggingViperidaeCrotalid VenomsEmergenciesEmergency TreatmentEmergency MedicineSubstance Abuse, IntravenousTropical MedicineLethal Dose 50Plant PoisoningScorpions
Antivenins
Antisera used to counteract poisoning by animal VENOMS, especially SNAKE VENOMS.
Drug Labeling
Use of written, printed, or graphic materials upon or accompanying a drug container or wrapper. It includes contents, indications, effects, dosages, routes, methods, frequency and duration of administration, warnings, hazards, contraindications, side effects, precautions, and other relevant information.
Snake Bites
Bites by snakes. Bite by a venomous snake is characterized by stinging pain at the wound puncture. The venom injected at the site of the bite is capable of producing a deleterious effect on the blood or on the nervous system. (Webster's 3d ed; from Dorland, 27th ed, at snake, venomous)
Drug Repositioning
The deliberate and methodical practice of finding new applications for existing drugs.
Product Labeling
Use of written, printed, or graphic materials upon or accompanying a product or its container or wrapper. It includes purpose, effect, description, directions, hazards, warnings, and other relevant information.
United States Food and Drug Administration
An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.
Prescription Drugs
Drugs that cannot be sold legally without a prescription.
Elapidae
A family of extremely venomous snakes, comprising coral snakes, cobras, mambas, kraits, and sea snakes. They are widely distributed, being found in the southern United States, South America, Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. The elapids include three subfamilies: Elapinae, Hydrophiinae, and Lauticaudinae. Like the viperids, they have venom fangs in the front part of the upper jaw. The mambas of Africa are the most dangerous of all snakes by virtue of their size, speed, and highly toxic venom. (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, p329-33)
Elapid Venoms
Venoms from snakes of the family Elapidae, including cobras, kraits, mambas, coral, tiger, and Australian snakes. The venoms contain polypeptide toxins of various kinds, cytolytic, hemolytic, and neurotoxic factors, but fewer enzymes than viper or crotalid venoms. Many of the toxins have been characterized.
Names
Personal names, given or surname, as cultural characteristics, as ethnological or religious patterns, as indications of the geographic distribution of families and inbreeding, etc. Analysis of isonymy, the quality of having the same or similar names, is useful in the study of population genetics. NAMES is used also for the history of names or name changes of corporate bodies, such as medical societies, universities, hospitals, government agencies, etc.
Black Widow Spider
A venomous New World spider with an hourglass-shaped red mark on the abdomen.
Crotalus
A genus of snakes of the family VIPERIDAE, one of the pit vipers, so-called from the pit hollowing out the maxillary bone, opening between the eye and the nostril. They are distinctively American serpents. Most of the 25 recognized species are found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Several species are found as far north as Canada and east of the Mississippi, including southern Appalachia. They are named for the jointed rattle (Greek krotalon) at the tip of their tail. (Goin, Goin, and Zug: Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed; Moore: Poisonous Snakes of the World, 1980, p335)
Spider Bites
The effects, both local and systemic, caused by the bites of SPIDERS.
Arthropod Venoms
Venoms from animals of the phylum Arthropoda. Those most investigated are from scorpions and spiders of the class Arachnidae and from ant, bee, and wasp families of the Insecta order Hymenoptera. The venoms contain protein toxins, enzymes, and other bioactive substances and may be lethal to man.
Spider Venoms
Venoms of arthropods of the order Araneida of the ARACHNIDA. The venoms usually contain several protein fractions, including ENZYMES, hemolytic, neurolytic, and other TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL.
Spiders
Arthropods of the class ARACHNIDA, order Araneae. Except for mites and ticks, spiders constitute the largest order of arachnids, with approximately 37,000 species having been described. The majority of spiders are harmless, although some species can be regarded as moderately harmful since their bites can lead to quite severe local symptoms. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, p508; Smith, Insects and Other Arthropods of Medical Importance, 1973, pp424-430)
Silk
A continuous protein fiber consisting primarily of FIBROINS. It is synthesized by a variety of INSECTS and ARACHNIDS.
Blogging
Using an INTERNET based personal journal which may consist of reflections, comments, and often hyperlinks.
Viperidae
A family of snakes comprising three subfamilies: Azemiopinae (the mountain viper, the sole member of this subfamily), Viperinae (true vipers), and Crotalinae (pit vipers). They are widespread throughout the world, being found in the United States, Central and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Their venoms act on the blood (hemotoxic) as compared to the venom of elapids which act on the nervous system (neurotoxic). (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, pp333-36)
Crotalid Venoms
Venoms from snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae or pit vipers, found mostly in the Americas. They include the rattlesnake, cottonmouth, fer-de-lance, bushmaster, and American copperhead. Their venoms contain nontoxic proteins, cardio-, hemo-, cyto-, and neurotoxins, and many enzymes, especially phospholipases A. Many of the toxins have been characterized.
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.
Emergency Treatment
First aid or other immediate intervention for accidents or medical conditions requiring immediate care and treatment before definitive medical and surgical management can be procured.
Emergency Medicine
The branch of medicine concerned with the evaluation and initial treatment of urgent and emergent medical problems, such as those caused by accidents, trauma, sudden illness, poisoning, or disasters. Emergency medical care can be provided at the hospital or at sites outside the medical facility.
Substance Abuse, Intravenous
Abuse, overuse, or misuse of a substance by its injection into a vein.
Tropical Medicine
The branch of medicine concerned with diseases, mainly of parasitic origin, common in tropical and subtropical regions.
Lethal Dose 50
The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.
Plant Poisoning
Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.
Scorpions
Arthropods of the order Scorpiones, of which 1500 to 2000 species have been described. The most common live in tropical or subtropical areas. They are nocturnal and feed principally on insects and other arthropods. They are large arachnids but do not attack man spontaneously. They have a venomous sting. Their medical significance varies considerably and is dependent on their habits and venom potency rather than on their size. At most, the sting is equivalent to that of a hornet but certain species possess a highly toxic venom potentially fatal to humans. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Smith, Insects and Other Arthropods of Medical Importance, 1973, p417; Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, p503)

Low dose subcutaneous adrenaline to prevent acute adverse reactions to antivenom serum in people bitten by snakes: randomised, placebo controlled trial. (1/204)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of low dose adrenaline injected subcutaneously to prevent acute adverse reactions to polyspecific antivenom serum in patients admitted to hospital after snake bite. DESIGN: Prospective, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. SETTING: District general hospital in Sri Lanka. SUBJECTS: 105 patients with signs of envenomation after snake bite, randomised to receive either adrenaline (cases) or placebo (controls) immediately before infusion of antivenom serum. INTERVENTIONS: Adrenaline 0.25 ml (1:1000). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development of acute adverse reactions to serum and side effects attributable to adrenaline. RESULTS: 56 patients (cases) received adrenaline and 49 (controls) received placebo as pretreatment. Six (11%) adrenaline patients and 21 (43%) control patients developed acute adverse reactions to antivenom serum (P=0.0002). Significant reductions in acute adverse reactions to serum were also seen in the adrenaline patients for each category of mild, moderate, and severe reactions. There were no significant adverse effects attributable to adrenaline. CONCLUSIONS: Use of 0.25 ml of 1:1000 adrenaline given subcutaneously immediately before administration of antivenom serum to patients with envenomation after snake bite reduces the incidence of acute adverse reactions to serum.  (+info)

Sequential randomised and double blind trial of promethazine prophylaxis against early anaphylactic reactions to antivenom for bothrops snake bites. (2/204)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of the H1 antihistamine promethazine against early anaphylactic reactions to antivenom. DESIGN: Sequential randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. SETTING: Public hospital in a venom research institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 101 patients requiring antivenom treatment after being bitten by bothrops snakes. INTERVENTION: Intramuscular injection of promethazine (25 mg for adults and 0.5/kg for children) or placebo given 15-20 min before starting intravenous infusion of antivenom. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and severity of anaphylactic reactions occurring within 24 hours after antivenom. RESULTS: Reactions occurred in 12 of 49 patients treated with promethazine (24%) and in 13 of 52 given placebo (25%); most were mild or moderate. Continuous sequential analysis indicated that the study could be interrupted at the 22nd untied pair, without preference for promethazine or placebo. CONCLUSION: Prophylaxis with promethazine does not prevent early reactions. Patients should be observed carefully during antivenom infusion and the subsequent few hours.  (+info)

Comparative characterisation of Russell's viper (Daboia/Vipera russelli) venoms from different regions of the Indian peninsula. (3/204)

Russell's viper (Daboia/Vipera russelli) venom from different regions of India was subjected to chromatographic, electrophoretic, biochemical and immunological analysis. The elution profiles from ion-exchange chromatography and protein banding pattern from SDS-PAGE showed a significant variation in the constituents of venoms. The acidic proteins are found to be predominant in the venoms of eastern and western regions while basic proteins are the major contributors of the northern and southern regional venoms. The major variation of phospholipases A(2) in the venom samples of India may be described as: southern regional venom is rich in basic, toxic PLA(2) while this activity showed a dramatic decrease as one moves towards west, north and eastern regions of India. In addition, the caseinolytic, TAME-hydrolytic, anticoagulant, oedema-inducing and haemorrhagic activities of the venoms have also varied from one region to another. The muscle specimens of mice injected with venoms of different regions showed variable change in the muscle fibre damage and cell morphology. The eastern regional venom is most lethal among all the venoms. The lethal potencies for four regional venoms vary as: eastern>western>southern>northern. The polyclonal antibodies prepared against the venom of southern region showed cross-reaction with the venoms of other regions, but the extent of cross-reaction and diffusion patterns are different. However, the polyclonal antibodies prepared against southern regional venom showed no protection against lethal toxicity of other regional venoms.  (+info)

A new monospecific ovine Fab fragment antivenom for treatment of envenoming by the Sri Lankan Russell's viper (Daboia Russelii Russelii): a preliminary dose-finding and pharmacokinetic study. (4/204)

Russell's viper is the most important cause of life-threatening snake bite and acute renal failure in Sri Lanka. Only equine polyspecific antivenoms imported from India are available. They have not proved effective clinically or in clearing venom antigenemia and they frequently cause reactions. In an attempt to reduce mortality and morbidity, a new monospecific ovine Fab fragment antivenom (PolongaTab; Therapeutic Antibodies, Inc., London, United Kingdom) was raised against Sri Lankan Russell's viper venom. In a preliminary dose-finding study in 35 patients, an initial dose of 3-4 g restored blood coagulability permanently and stopped systemic bleeding, even in severely envenomed patients. Venom antigenemia disappeared within 1 hr of antivenom treatment but recurred, probably as a result of continued absorption of venom from the site of the bite, after the rapid clearance of therapeutic antibody. Twelve patients (34%) experienced early reactions that were usually mild and always responded to epinephrine.  (+info)

Comparative study on the ability of IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms to neutralize lethal and myotoxic effects induced by Micrurus nigrocinctus (coral snake) venom. (5/204)

A comparative study was performed on the ability of IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms to neutralize lethal and myotoxic activities of Micrurus nigrocinctus venom. Both antivenoms were adjusted to a similar neutralizing potency in experiments where venom and antivenoms were preincubated prior to injection. No significant differences were observed between IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms concerning neutralization of lethal effect in rescue experiments, i.e., when antivenom was administered intravenously after envenomation. However, F(ab')2 antivenom was more effective in prolonging the time of death when subneutralizing doses were administered immediately after venom injection. Both products partially reversed the binding of M. nigrocinctus alpha-neurotoxins to acetylcholine receptor in vitro. The IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms effectively neutralized venom-induced myotoxicity when administered intravenously immediately after envenomation, although neutralization was poor if antivenom injections were delayed. Intramuscular injection of venom promoted diffusion of antivenom antibodies throughout muscle tissue, and F(ab')2 diffused to a higher extent than IgG molecules. Thus, despite the observation that F(ab')2 antivenom was more effective than IgG antivenom in prolonging the time of death when subneutralizing doses were administered immediately after envenomation, no major differences were observed in antivenom neutralization of lethal and myotoxic effects or in their capacity to reverse neurotoxin binding to the acetylcholine receptor.  (+info)

A novel Fab-based antivenom for the treatment of mass bee attacks. (6/204)

The frequency of mass bee attacks has dramatically increased in the Americas following the introduction and spread of the aggressive Africanized 'killer' bee (Apis mellifera scutellata). As yet no specific therapy is available, which led us to develop an ovine Fab-based antivenom as a potential new treatment. Sera from sheep immunized against the venom contained high levels of specific antibodies, as demonstrated by ELISA and by small-scale affinity chromatography, against both whole (A. m. mellifera) venom and purified melittin. A nerve muscle preparation was used to show the myotoxic effects of the venom and neutralization by the antivenom. Antivenom neutralizing ability was also demonstrated using assays for venom phospholipase A2 and in vivo activities. Venom from both European and Africanized bees appeared identical when analyzed by acid-urea gel electrophoresis. This antivenom may therefore provide the first specific therapy for the treatment of mass envenomation by either European or Africanized 'killer' bees.  (+info)

Short report: treatment of snake envenomations by a new polyvalent antivenom composed of highly purified F(ab)2: results of a clinical trial in northern Cameroon. (7/204)

A clinical trial was conducted in 2 health centers in northern Cameroon to assess the safety and efficacy of a new polyvalent antivenom composed of highly purified and pasteurized F(ab')2 (FAV-Africa). Forty-six patients with objective signs of envenomation, including 67% with hemorrhage, were included in the study. Each patient received at least 20 ml of FAV-Africa by direct, slow intravenous injection; 172 10-ml ampules were administered. All patients were clinically cured after treatment. Two patients (4.3%) showed minor immediate adverse events that may have been related to FAV-Africa (induration, light-headedness); no other treatment-related adverse event occurred. No patient had serum sickness. This trial confirms the safety of FAV-Africa administered by intravenous injection and its efficacy in the treatment of snake envenomations in sub-Saharan Africa.  (+info)

Preparation of a potent anti-scorpion-venom-serum against the venom of red scorpion (Buthus tamalus). (8/204)

A number of children and adults, especially pregnant women succumb to the sting by red Scorpion (Buthus tamalus) in Konkan region--particularly on the coastal line. No specific antiserum or any other antidote is available to treat a victim of scorpion bite and hence the need to prepare a potent antiserum. Red Scorpion (B. tamalus) venom is a mixture of a number of protein moieties and neurotoxins of low molecular weight. Therefore, the venom is poor in antigenic composition and it is difficult to get antibodies specific to neutralise lethal factor/factors. Using Bentonite as an adjuvant and extending the period of immunization a potent antiserum has been prepared capable of neutralising the lethal factor/factors. In vivo testing carried out in albino mice, guinea pigs, dogs and langurs confirms this finding and shows that the antiserum is quite effective in neutralising the scorpion venom to save the life of envenomated animals.  (+info)

Death Adder Envenoming Causes Neurotoxicity Not Reversed by Antivenom - Australian Snakebite Project (ASP-16) - Semantic ScholarDeath Adder Envenoming Causes Neurotoxicity Not Reversed by Antivenom - Australian Snakebite Project (ASP-16) - Semantic Scholar
BACKGROUND Death adders (Acanthophis spp) are found in Australia, Papua New Guinea and parts of eastern Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the clinical syndrome of death adder envenoming and response to antivenom treatment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Definite death adder bites were recruited from the Australian Snakebite Project (ASP) as defined by expert identification or detection of death adder venom in blood. Clinical effects and laboratory results were collected prospectively, including the time course of neurotoxicity and response to treatment. Enzyme immunoassay was used to measure venom concentrations. Twenty nine patients had definite death adder bites; median age 45 yr (5-74 yr); 25 were male. Envenoming occurred in 14 patients. Two further patients had allergic reactions without envenoming, both snake handlers with previous death adder bites. Of 14 envenomed patients, 12 developed neurotoxicity characterised by ptosis (12), diplopia (9), bulbar weakness (7), intercostal muscle
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Death-Adder-Envenoming-Causes-Neurotoxicity-Not-Re-Johnston-O-Leary/ff4e46e7d1bb3ca6905af4e59d5503c18074a8b8
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Antigen-Antibody Relations in the Present Antivenin Production of...The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Antigen-Antibody Relations in the Present Antivenin Production of...
Summary The therapeutic action of 11 Brazilian antivenins (2 polyvalent, 1 bivalent, 8 monovalent) against the venoms of 10 Brazilian snake species was assayed in 2989 subcutaneous mouse tests, fixed antivenin doses being applied immediately after the injection of varying venom doses at the same site. The neutralizing effect was measured planimetrically by the area between the mortality curves obtained by venom alone and by venom + antivenin and expressed in milligrams and mean lethal doses. The more toxic venoms were better neutralized than the weaker ones, whereas the antivenins obtained by immunizations with the weaker venoms were more potent than the sera derived from the stronger venoms. A tentative heuristic theory is advanced, that the toxic principle in pharmacodynamically similar venoms is identical but not antigenic, and that the antigenic part of venoms is non-toxic. The titer of the antivenins is sufficient to cure average snake bites in this country, except those caused by the rattlesnake,
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1951.s1-31.500
Antivenin for the Treatment of Local Tissue Damage Due to Envenomation by Southeast Asian Snakes | The American Journal of...Antivenin for the Treatment of Local Tissue Damage Due to Envenomation by Southeast Asian Snakes | The American Journal of...
Abstract Antivenins currently used in Southeast Asia to treat snake-bite were administered to mice to determine their effectiveness in the prevention of local tissue damage after envenomation. Antivenins were more effective when injected immediately after venom injection or mixed with venom before injection. When the antivenin was given 10 and 30 minutes later, its effectiveness was reduced accordingly. Intravenous injection of antivenin was more effective in preventing death than intramuscular injection.
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1970.19.880
Anti-Venom (symbiote) - WikipediaAnti-Venom (symbiote) - Wikipedia
Anyone possessed by the Anti-Venom symbiote possesses superhuman strength, durability, and stamina, an accelerated healing factor, genetic memory, detection of its Symbiote offspring, wall-crawling, web-generating abilities, spider-senses, immunity to Spider-Mans spider-senses, and camouflage. Unlike the other Symbiotes, the original Anti-Venom symbiote used by Eddie Brock is immune to fire, heat, and sound-based attacks. In addition, the Anti-Venom symbiote can produce antibodies that can cure a person afflicted by things like radioactivity, parasites, diseases, and drugs. The new Anti-Venom symbiote used by Flash Thompson also has the ability to heal physical injuries as well.[5] Due to its failed attempt at curing Spider-Mans radiation-based powers, Anti-Venom causes Spider-Mans powers to cancel out when too close to Spider-Man. However, Anti-Venom does possess a few weaknesses of its own. It is vulnerable to high concentrations of Norman Osborns super-venom via Freaks DNA. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Venom_
ANTIVENIN® (micrurus fulvius) Warnings and Precautions | Pfizer Informações Médicas - BrasilANTIVENIN® (micrurus fulvius) Warnings and Precautions | Pfizer Informações Médicas - Brasil
Patients who receive a course of treatment with a foreign protein such as North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) may become sensitized to it. Therefore, use caution when administering a repeat course of treatment with North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) for a subsequent envenomation episode. ...
https://www.pfizermedicalinformation.com.br/en-us/antivenin/warnings
High-throughput epitope identification for snakebite antivenom</em>...High-throughput epitope identification for snakebite antivenom</em>...
TY - CONF. T1 - High-throughput epitope identification for snakebite antivenom. AU - Engmark, Mikael. AU - De Masi, Federico. AU - Laustsen, Andreas Hougaard. AU - Gutiérrez, José María. AU - Lomonte, Bruno. AU - Andersen, Mikael Rørdam. AU - Lund, Ole. PY - 2015. Y1 - 2015. N2 - Insight into the epitopic recognition pattern for polyclonal antivenoms is a strong tool for accurate prediction of antivenom cross-reactivity and provides a basis for design of novel antivenoms. In this work, a high-throughput approach was applied to characterize linear epitopes in 966 individual toxins from pit vipers (Crotalidae) using the ICP Crotalidae antivenom. Due to an abundance of snake venom metalloproteinases and phospholipase A2s in the venoms used for production of the investigated antivenom, this study focuses on these toxin families. AB - Insight into the epitopic recognition pattern for polyclonal antivenoms is a strong tool for accurate prediction of antivenom cross-reactivity and provides a basis ...
https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/high-throughput-epitope-identification-for-snakebite-antivenom
kingsnake blog Kingsnake.com Blog - Is antivenin manufacturer ripping off snakebite victims?kingsnake blog Kingsnake.com Blog - Is antivenin manufacturer ripping off snakebite victims?
First a rattlesnake took a bite out of Todd Fassler. Then the bill for the antivenin that saved his life took another. From the Washington Post: The bulk of his hospital bill - $83,000 of it - is due to pharmacy charges. Specifically,...
http://www.kingsnake.com/blog/archives/3090-Is-antivenin-manufacturer-ripping-off-snakebite-victims.html
Cross-recognition of a pit viper (Crotalinae) polyspecific antivenom explored through high-density peptide microarray epitope...Cross-recognition of a pit viper (Crotalinae) polyspecific antivenom explored through high-density peptide microarray epitope...
Snakebite antivenom is a 120 years old invention based on polyclonal mixtures of antibodies purified from the blood of hyper-immunized animals. Knowledge on antibody recognition sites (epitopes) on snake venom proteins is limited, but may be used to provide molecular level explanations for antivenom cross-reactivity. In turn, this may help guide antivenom development by elucidating immunological biases in existing antivenoms. In this study, we have identified and characterized linear elements of B-cell epitopes from 870 pit viper venom protein sequences by employing a high-throughput methodology based on custom designed high-density peptide microarrays. By combining data on antibody-peptide interactions with multiple sequence alignments of homologous toxin sequences and protein modelling, we have determined linear elements of antibody binding sites for snake venom metalloproteases (SVMPs), phospholipases A2s (PLA2s), and snake venom serine proteases (SVSPs). The studied antivenom antibodies were ...
http://www.kerwa.ucr.ac.cr/handle/10669/74786
Case 28 - Envenomations | Toxikon ConsortiumCase 28 - Envenomations | Toxikon Consortium
References:. Corbett SW, Anderson B, Nelson B, et al. Most lay people can correctly identify indigenous venomous snakes. Am J Emerg Med. 2005 Oct;23(6):759-62.. Hall EL. Role of surgical intervention in the management of crotaline snake envenomation. Ann Emerg Med. 2001 Feb;37(2):175-80.. Lavonas EJ, Ruha AM, Banner W, et al. Unified treatment algorithm for the management of crotaline snakebite in the United States: results of an evidence-informed consensus workshop. BMC Emerg Med. 2011 Feb 3;11:2.. LoVecchio F, Klemens J, Welch S, et al. Antibiotics after rattlesnake envenomation. J Emerg Med. 2002 Nov;23(4):327-8.. McKinney PE. Out-of-hospital and interhospital management of crotaline snakebite. Ann Emerg Med. 2001 Feb;37(2):168-74.. Shaw BA, Hosalkar HS. Rattlesnake bites in children: antivenin treatment and surgical indications. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002 Sep;84-A(9):1624-9.. Return to Case List. ...
http://www.toxikonconsortium.org/toxcases/caselist/case-28/
Comparison of F(ab) versus Fab antivenom for pit viper envenomation: A prospective, blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical...Comparison of F(ab) versus Fab antivenom for pit viper envenomation: A prospective, blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical...
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) has been the only antivenom commercially available in the US since 2007 for treatment of Crotalinae envenomation. Late coagulopathy can occur or recur after clearance of Fab antivenom, often after hospital discharge, lasting in some cases more than 2 weeks. There have been serious, even fatal, bleeding complications associated with recurrence phenomena. Frequent follow-up is required, and additional intervention or hospitalization is often necessary. F(ab)2 immunoglobulin derivatives have longer plasma half life than do Fab. We hypothesized that F(ab)2 antivenom would be superior to Fab in the prevention of late coagulopathy following treatment of patients with Crotalinae envenomation. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, comparing late coagulopathy in snakebitten patients treated with F(ab)2 with maintenance doses [F(ab)2/F(ab)2], or F(ab)2 with placebo maintenance doses ...
http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=20449
Fangks to Keith Budden, Unsung Hero - GeekachicasFangks to Keith Budden, Unsung Hero - Geekachicas
Antivenin-drop for drop, some of the most valuable and costly substance in the world. Perhaps creatures such as venomous snakes arent a part of our everyday world. The likelihood of suffering a strike with potentially fatal consequences dwindles down to a freak article in the newspaper. Yet venom researchers dont share this kind of nonchalance. The injection of venom into the human body is a serious medical emergency, and in the case of a venomous snakebite, antivenin is the treatment.. Venom is perhaps the most crucial component of antivenin, as paradoxical as that may seem. Be spared the complex biochemical matrix of snake venom which makes an organic chemistry textbook in itself. Venom does not come from plants or necrotic biomatter. Attempts to create a synthetic venom have not as yet resulted in a product strong enough for use in antivenin. There is still only one place where venom can be gathered-straight from the fangs of the snake itself.. The process of extracting venom from a snake ...
http://geekachicas.net/2010/09/10/fangks-to-keith-budden-unsung-hero/
Preclinical assessment of a polyspecific antivenom against the venoms of Cerrophidion sasai, Porthidium nasutum and Porthidium...Preclinical assessment of a polyspecific antivenom against the venoms of Cerrophidion sasai, Porthidium nasutum and Porthidium...
A polyspecific antivenom is used in Central America for the treatment of envenomings by viperid snakes. This antivenom is generated in horses hyperimmunized with a mixture of venoms from Bothrops asper, Crotalus simus and Lachesis stenophrys. The present study analyzed the ability of this antivenom to neutralize the venoms of three Central American viperid species of the Porthidium group, i.e. Porthidium nasutum, Porthidium ophryomegas and Cerrophidion sasai, formerly classified as Cerrophidion godmani. In addition, the immunorecognition of the components of these venoms was assessed by immunoaffinity antivenomics. The antivenom proved effective in neutralizing the lethal, hemorrhagic, myotoxic, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and proteinase activities of the three venoms, albeit exhibiting quantitative differences in the values of the Median Effective Doses (ED50). Excepting for certain low molecular mass bands corresponding to disintegrins, and some PLA2s and PI-metalloproteinases, Western blotting ...
http://kerwa.ucr.ac.cr/handle/10669/30078?locale-attribute=en
China Snake Antivenom Market Research Report 2017 - QY ResearchChina Snake Antivenom Market Research Report 2017 - QY Research
Research Report on China Snake Antivenom Market Research Report 2017. The Report includes market price, demand, trends, size, Share, Growth, Forecast, Analysis & Overview.
https://www.qyresearchreports.com/report/china-snake-antivenom-market-research-report-2017.htm
Antivenom - WikipediaAntivenom - Wikipedia
Antivenoms act by binding to and neutralizing venoms. The principle of antivenom is based on that of vaccines, developed by Edward Jenner; however, instead of inducing immunity in the person directly, it is induced in a host animal and the hyperimmunized serum is transfused into the person.[17] The host animals may include horses, donkeys, goats, sheep, opossums, rabbits, chickens, llamas, and camels.[citation needed] Antivenoms for medical use are often preserved as freeze-dried ampoules, but some are available only in liquid form and must be kept refrigerated. They are not immediately inactivated by heat, however, so a minor gap in the cold chain is not disastrous. Some ophiophagic animals produce natural antidotes that render them immune to certain snake venoms. No human is immune to animal venom, but some individuals may be more or less susceptible to its effects.[18]. A person can build up immunity to a particular venom through frequent low and increasing doses (about every 21 days), but ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antivenom
In-vitro and in-vivo antivenin activity of 2-[2-(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2- methylene-decahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-ethylidene]...In-vitro and in-vivo antivenin activity of 2-[2-(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2- methylene-decahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-ethylidene]...
TY - JOUR. T1 - In-vitro and in-vivo antivenin activity of 2-[2-(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2- methylene-decahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-ethylidene]-succinaldehyde against Ophiophagus hannah venom. AU - Lattmann, Eric. AU - Sattayasai, Jintana. AU - Sattayasai, Nison. AU - Staaf, Alexander. AU - Phimmasone, Sysaaht. AU - Schwalbe, Carl H.. AU - Chaveerach, Arunrat. PY - 2010/2. Y1 - 2010/2. N2 - Objectives Curcuma zedoaroides A. Chaveerach & T. Tanee, locally known as Wan-Paya-Ngoo-Tua-Mia, is commonly used in the North-Eastern part of Thailand as a snakebite antidote. The aim of this study was to isolate the active compound from the rhizome of C. zedoaroides, to determine its structure and to assess its antagonistic activity in vitro and in vivo against King cobra venom. Methods The active compound was obtained from C. zedoaroides by extraction with acetone followed by purification using column chromatography; its X-ray structure was determined. Its inhibition of venom lethality was studied in vitro in rat ...
https://research.aston.ac.uk/en/publications/in-vitro-and-in-vivo-antivenin-activity-of-2-2-558a-trimethyl-2-m
Leki refundowane - Cena i zamienniki leku Antivenin InjectionLeki refundowane - Cena i zamienniki leku Antivenin Injection
Sprawdź ile zapłacisz za lek Antivenin Injection w aptece, znajdź tańsze zamienniki leku. Określ swoje uprawnienia i sprawdź jakie zniżki Ci przysługują.
http://leki-refundowane.com/leki/antivenin-injection.htm
Anti-venom Cannot Halt Nerve DamageAnti-venom Cannot Halt Nerve Damage
A new study has found that anti-venom shots may not be able to reverse nerve damage caused by the venom of the death adder, a species native to Australia.
http://www.medindia.net/news/anti-venom-cannot-halt-nerve-damage-113665-1.htm
Locally produced anti-venom injections available from year end | Daily NewsLocally produced anti-venom injections available from year end | Daily News
Locally produced anti-venom injections for snake bites will be available from the end of this year. The injections for bites of five varieties of snakes will be produced in Sri Lanka, acting Director General of Health Services Dr. J. M. W. Jayasundara Bandara said.
http://www.dailynews.lk/2017/09/14/local/128120/locally-produced-anti-venom-injections-available-year-end
Anti-Venom Market Product Type, Channel, Forecast - 2025 | Transparency Market ResearchAnti-Venom Market Product Type, Channel, Forecast - 2025 | Transparency Market Research
Anti-Venom Market report categorizes the global market by Type (Monovalent and Polyvalent), Product Type (Snake, Scorpion, and Spider), Distribution Channel (Hospitals, Clinics and Ambulatory Surgical Centers), Geography.
https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/anti-venom-market.html
Anti-Venom wallpaper by UdEnNkRmI - fe - Free on ZEDGEâ„¢Anti-Venom wallpaper by UdEnNkRmI - fe - Free on ZEDGEâ„¢
Download Anti-Venom wallpaper by UdEnNkRmI - fe - Free on ZEDGEâ„¢ now. Browse millions of popular white Wallpapers and Ringtones on Zedge and personalize your phone to suit you. Browse our content now and free your phone
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Hospitals doubling antivenom for eclipse; All Central Oregon hospitals will have snakebite treatment on handHospitals doubling antivenom for eclipse; All Central Oregon hospitals will have snakebite treatment on hand
Local hospitals are stockpiling extra antivenom used to treat rattlesnake bites ahead of the August solar eclipse thats expected to bring hundreds of thousands of campers and festivalgoers to Central Oregon.The precaution is mostly due to the sheer number of visitors expected to camp or attend a music festival or other mass gatherings the week of the eclipse. But many visitors will be unfamiliar with the landscape. And rattlesnakes tendency to hunt at night during
http://www.bendbulletin.com/localstate/5345792-151/hospitals-doubling-antivenom-for-eclipse
Novel Concepts for Clinical Pharmacology from Calcium Paradox due to Neuronal Interaction between Signalling Pathways...Novel Concepts for Clinical Pharmacology from Calcium Paradox due to Neuronal Interaction between Signalling Pathways...
Venom-specific immunoglobulin G fragments are used for the management of patients with North American crotalid envenomation. In this case, ongoing coagulopathy and clinically significant sequelae required a protracted course of antivenom therapy in a patient experiencing severe rattlesnake envenomation.
https://www.clinmedjournals.org/articles/iacp/international-archives-of-clinical-pharmacology-iacp-3-013.php?jid=iacp
Snake antivenom in India ineffective in treating bites from most species, study findsSnake antivenom in India ineffective in treating bites from most species, study finds
The study was conducted by scientists at IIScs Evolutionary Venomics Lab along with herpetologists Gerard Martin and Romulus Whitaker.
https://theprint.in/science/snake-antivenom-in-india-ineffective-in-treating-bites-from-most-species-study-finds/331923/
NASPA Word of the DayNASPA Word of the Day
Definition: VENIN*VENINS n a toxin found in snake venom Anagrams: (none). Hooks: veninE veninS. Ana-hooks: invenT. Typos: renin. Blana-grams: Benni ennUi envOi Given inAne inneD inneR Levin Linen Liven nAevi nAive nievE nineR nineS Ovine Penni Riven veinS veinY viMen vineD vineS viXen. Extensions: EveninG veninES DAveninG DOveninG EveninGS HAveninG LIveninG OveninG# RAveninG ADveninG# ANTIvenin CONveninG CRAveninG LEAveninG RAveninGS SUBveninG ANTIveninS ENLIveninG LEAveninGS PREveninG# CONveninGS# INTERveninG RAveninGLY# RECONveninG SCRIveninG# SUPERveninG CONTRAveninG SCRIveninGS# OVERLEAveninG# YESTEREveninG# YESTEREveninGS#. Sub-anagrams: en in inn ne nevi nine vein vie vin vine ...
http://scrabbleplayers.org/cgi-bin/wotd.pl?date=20030527&dict=twl2014
Antivenin: 12 april 2010Antivenin: 12 april 2010
From his whoppers about small things on the campaign trail (his uncle helped liberateAuschwitz; his parents married because of Selma; his father got a scholarship to America from the Kennedys) to his lies about very big things (his health care plan will reduce employer insurance premiums by 3000 percent, or $3,000 - still a lie), this president is now only allowed in polite company because he is the president. In any real-world company, inveterate liars are shunned as utterly untrustworthy, unreliable, unwelcome guests. (Unless their last name is Clinton, we shouldnt forget ...
http://antivenin.blogspot.com/2010_04_12_archive.html
Antivenin: 27 januari 2009Antivenin: 27 januari 2009
Despite widespread charges leveled against Israel in the international media, some journalists have, to their credit, made the effort to dig deeper amidst the rubble to find out what really went on in Gaza and the crimes committed by Hamas against its own people. Here are a couple of stories that you may not have seen in your local media ...
http://antivenin.blogspot.com/2009_01_27_archive.html
DailyMed - Search Results for AntiveninsDailyMed - Search Results for Antivenins
Due to inconsistencies between the drug labels on DailyMed and the pill images provided by RxImage, we no longer display the RxImage pill images associated with drug labels. We anticipate reposting the images once we are able identify and filter out images that do not match the information provided in the drug labels. ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=Antivenins&searchdb=class
Repurposing Drugs 101 - wound infectionRepurposing Drugs 101 - wound infection
If you get bitten by a venomous snake, there are medicines that can help, but these antivenins are specific to each species of snake. Researchers in the US are announcing that theyre in the early stages of developing a snakebite antidote that can fight 28 common venoms and be administered out in the field without the […]. ...
https://repurposingdrugs101.com/tag/wound-infection/
Click to printClick to print
Sting of Anascorp (Bark Scorpion): Who warrants antivenom treatment and how many vials should I give? By Mchael Sisson, PharmD and Marc Culver, PharmD
https://www.aliem.com/bark-scorpion-bite-anascorp/
Online Drugstore: Viagra preço em porto alegre any pills online!Online Drugstore: Viagra preço em porto alegre any pills online!
Micturition impotence this results in reduced transfusion em viagra preço porto alegre rates, shorter time to the distal end [5]. And not be used as antiseptics, the effect on cd34+ cell apoptosis when used in rapidly through the access needle. Naltrexone is used in the body s calcium is usually ubiquitous in the. Cases, antivenom treatment in pre- prophylaxis. Nida has co-developed an initiative tion of the cutting loop prior to nised except in individuals with normal bp, in response. 2012 apr 29;5:Cd5017. Toxic free radicals capture electrons group of muscles largely all except two of its meal and at regular intervals. Lateral compartment leg muscles, vessels, and they self- be to reduce the workload of the rhabdosphincter and the appearance liferation in women and one skeletal the accessory hemia- that some drugs do not administer an enteral feed generally preferred to selenium in varying proportions. Twelve of 8 years: 22/45 were thera- peutic abortions. Kit + adult vascular endothelial ...
https://eventorum.puc.edu/usarx/viagra-prego-em-porto-alegre/82/
Newfound Snake Anti-Venom is Already Inside You - Freedoms PhoenixNewfound Snake Anti-Venom is Already Inside You - Freedoms Phoenix
Mast cells release a wide range of biological compounds that promote inflammation and other changes to tissue when triggered by parasites, bacteria or foreign substances such as venom. In some people, they can be activated by irritants such as pollen ...
https://www.freedomsphoenix.com/News/008311-2006-07-29-newfound-snake-anti-venom-is-already-inside-you.htm
Antivenom use in cases of bites and stings presenting to a public hospital [Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg]Antivenom use in cases of bites and stings presenting to a public hospital [Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg]
BULGULAR: T m olgular aras nda, s rma ve sokmalar n oran %0.5 idi. Akrep sokma olgular , hastane ba vurular n yar s ndan fazlas n (%54.2) olu tururken, akrep sokmalar n , ar sokmalar (%30.8) ve y lan s rmalar (%5.5) izliyordu. Asemptomatik hastalarda, gereksiz antihistaminik uygulamas istatistiksel olarak anlaml oranda y ksekti (p=0.00006). Akrep sokmalar nda ve y lan s rmalar nda, sistemik ya da lokal endikasyon olmamas na ra men antivenom kullan m anlaml oranda y ksekti ( ...
http://www.tjtes.org/eng/jvi.aspx?pdir=travma&plng=eng&un=UTD-99692
Global Antivenom Market Forecast Research Report 2021 | MedgadgetGlobal Antivenom Market Forecast Research Report 2021 | Medgadget
The Global Antivenom Market is expected to reach USD 1,493.2 million by 2021 from USD 1,109.5 million in 2016, growing at a CAGR of 6.12% during the foreca
https://www.medgadget.com/2017/04/global-antivenom-market-forecast-research-report-2021.html
1007 4wd 12+mojave National Preserve+drainage Crossing - Photo 27607283 - Mojave National Preserve - Beyond The Mojave Road1007 4wd 12+mojave National Preserve+drainage Crossing - Photo 27607283 - Mojave National Preserve - Beyond The Mojave Road
View 1007 4wd 12+mojave National Preserve+drainage Crossing - Photo 27607283 from Mojave National Preserve - Beyond The Mojave Road
http://www.fourwheeler.com/events/1007-4wd-mojave-national-preserve/photo-12.html
PhenomenaPhenomena
On the morning of 28 July, 1950, Kevin Budden walked up to a roadside in Queensland, Australia with several feet of angry snake coiled around his arm, and flagged down a truck.. Budden, aged 20, was already an experienced snake handler, who specialised in collecting venomous species. The era of venom research in Australia was just taking off, and men like Budden were instrumental in capturing the serpents that scientists used to make antivenoms.. The taipan was high on his list. Its brown body grows up to 3 metres long and its yellow head can deliver one of the most potent venoms of any snake. At the time, there was no antivenom.. As wonderfully recounted by David Williams, Budden and his friends had already failed to catch a taipan the previous year. This time, it took him four weeks of searching before he finally found one, hidden under some rubbish and about to eat a rat. He managed to subdue the snake with his foot and grabbed its neck. The taipan was enraged and Budden, unable to get it ...
http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/category/snakes/
schizophrenia » BJ Muntainschizophrenia » BJ Muntain
The boomslang snake used to be thought harmless - until a very experienced herpetologist was bitten on the thumb while handling one.. By the next day, he was dead of internal bleeding, caused by the venom of this harmless snake.. The boomslang doesnt attack often - its pretty shy and will run away if it has the chance. Only people handling it or trying to capture or kill it will inspire its fear and cause it to bite.. Then the venom begins its slow work of destroying the red blood cells and causing widespread hemorrhaging that eventually causes the person to bleed to death internally. It can take three to five days to actually cause death.. Luckily, an antivenin is available, but its rare. Anyone bitten by a boomslang should immediately get to a hospital.. More information at Reptiles Magazine.. ...
http://www.bjmuntain.com/tag/schizophrenia/
Download this brilliant Mac app as soon as you get macOS 10.14 Mojave - BGRDownload this brilliant Mac app as soon as you get macOS 10.14 Mojave - BGR
MacOS 10.14, or Mojave, comes with a feature weve asked from Apple for years, and thats a dark mode that looks gorgeous. Even if you arent a night person, dark mode looks great, and you can experience it right away by installing the Mojave public beta.
https://bgr.com/2018/07/18/macos-mojave-dark-mode-toggle-nightowl-app/
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The Southwest inspired Mojave ShowerSpa is the oasis of the bath! Quality and style are uncompromised with this artistically crafted ShowerSpa, assembled by hand in the United States.
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2011 Jeep Wrangler Mojave 4WD 4dr Features and Specs2011 Jeep Wrangler Mojave 4WD 4dr Features and Specs
2011 Jeep Wrangler Mojave 4WD 4dr features and specs at Car and Driver. Learn more about Price, Engine Type, MPG, and complete safety and warranty information.
https://www.caranddriver.com/jeep/wrangler/specs/2011/jeep_wrangler_jeep-wrangler-unlimited-4-door_2011
MA-101fet | Mojave Audio Media Library | Page 2MA-101fet | Mojave Audio Media Library | Page 2
We had the opportunity to record pairs of our MA-100, MA-101fet, MA-201fet and MA-300 microphones on Randy Waldmans Yamaha Diskclavier. Using the Diskclavier provides the unique opportunity to compare mics with an identical performance - every time!. For more about Randy Waldman: http://www.jazzpilot.com/. ...
http://mojaveaudio.com/audiovideo/category/microphone/ma-101fet/page/2/
Comparative study of the edema-forming activity of Costa Rican snake venoms and its neutralization by a polyvalent antivenomComparative study of the edema-forming activity of Costa Rican snake venoms and its neutralization by a polyvalent antivenom
The edema-forming activity of eight Costa Rican crotaline snake venoms and its neutralization by a polyvalent antivenom were studied using the mouse footpad test. All of the venoms induced edema, the highest activity being present in the venoms of Bothrops lateralis and Bothrops picadoi. When experiments were performed with preincubation of venom and antivenom, neutralization of edema was poor. Moreover, it was observed that, with some venoms, edema increased when large doses of antivenom were used. This effect was also observed when some venoms were incubated with coral snake antivenom, suggesting that venoms may release some pharmacologically active component(s) from antivenom, since the latter contains traces of alpha-2 and beta globulins. Based on these findings, an alternative approach to the study of the neutralization of edema was used; in this new method, antivenom was injected i.v. before venom administration, thereby avoiding preincubation. With this technique, a much better ...
http://www.kerwa.ucr.ac.cr/handle/10669/29144
Common coral snake - definition of Common coral snake by The Free DictionaryCommon coral snake - definition of Common coral snake by The Free Dictionary
Define Common coral snake. Common coral snake synonyms, Common coral snake pronunciation, Common coral snake translation, English dictionary definition of Common coral snake. Noun 1. Micrurus fulvius - ranges from Central America to southeastern United States eastern coral snake harlequin-snake, New World coral snake, coral snake...
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Common+coral+snake
Asian coral snake - definition of Asian coral snake by The Free DictionaryAsian coral snake - definition of Asian coral snake by The Free Dictionary
Define Asian coral snake. Asian coral snake synonyms, Asian coral snake pronunciation, Asian coral snake translation, English dictionary definition of Asian coral snake. Noun 1. Asian coral snake - of India coral snake, Old World coral snake - any of various venomous elapid snakes of Asia and Africa and Australia Calliophis,...
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Asian+coral+snake
National Chiao Tung University Institutional Repository：Inhibitory effects on phospholipase A2 and antivenin activity of...National Chiao Tung University Institutional Repository：Inhibitory effects on phospholipase A2 and antivenin activity of...
Antivenin activity of melanin extracted from black tea (MEBT) was reported for the first time. The antagonistic effect of MEBT was evaluated for Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus (broadbanded copperhead), Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii (Japanese mamushi), and Crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) snake venoms administered i.p. to ICR mice. MEBT was injected i.p. immediately after the venom administration in dose of 3 mg per mouse in the same place of venom injection. MEBT demonstrated neutralization effect against all venoms tested. The greatest antivenin effect of MEBT was found against Japanese mamushi snake venom. In this case, half the mice died within 2.5 +/- 0.7 h after injection of 0.9 mg/kg of venom. An immediate injection of MEBT substantially reduced the toxic effect of venom and extended time at the 50% level of survival up to 52.3 +/- 2.3 h. The antivenin activity of MEBT is due to chelating of Ca++ and non-specific binding of phospholipase A2. The inhibitory effe
https://ir.nctu.edu.tw/handle/11536/26951
UA doctors drug could buy time between rattlesnake bite and anti-venom treatment | Kingman Daily Miner | Kingman, AZUA doctors drug could buy time between rattlesnake bite and anti-venom treatment | Kingman Daily Miner | Kingman, AZ
TUCSON - As soon as a rattlesnake sinks its fangs into a victim, the venom starts traveling through the bloodstream. Within seconds, people can experience pain, swelling, bleeding and trouble breathing.. Its a race against time to get to a hospital, the only place that readily offers anti-venom. The longer it takes to get treatment, the higher the odds of long-term injury or death.. One University of Arizona doctor hopes to buy people more time before they get to the hospital.. Professor Vance Nielsen, the vice chair for research in the Department of Anesthesiology at the College of Medicine - Tucson, said his research could help stall the spread of rattlesnake venom through the body.. Nielsen is researching the potential of injecting a combination of carbon monoxide and iron in a rattlesnake bite area to slow the spread of venom. So far, he has made progress in rabbits, buying about an hour of time.. The idea is not to replace anti-venom, but extend the time patients have until they can get to ...
http://kdminer.com/news/2017/dec/06/ua-doctors-drug-could-buy-time-between-rattlesnake/
Snakebite treatment at a southeastern regional referral center. - Semantic ScholarSnakebite treatment at a southeastern regional referral center. - Semantic Scholar
Our objective was to determine the prevalence of poisonous snakebite victims admitted to a regional trauma center in Southeastern Georgia over a 10-year period, as well as the type of snake, grade of envenomation, treatment administered, morbidity and mortality, and outcome. Records of patients admitted to the center for snakebite from a 24-county catchment area during the 10-year period (January 1984 to January 1994) were retroactively reviewed. Sixty-three (63) bites in 62 victims of venomous snakebites were treated. The snake distribution was rattlesnake: 19 (30%), copperhead: 18 (29%), cottonmouth moccasin: 8 (12%), unknown: 18 (29%). Envenomation grades were Grade I: 20 (32%), Grade II: 24 (38%), Grade III: 10 (16%), and Grade IV: 9 (14%). Fourteen of 19 (74%) Grades III and IV envenomations were from rattlesnakes. Antivenin was used in all Grade IV and half of the Grade III envenomations. Antivenin was administered within 3 hours of injury in all but one case. Five patients had surgery. Two
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Snakebite-treatment-at-a-southeastern-regional-ref-Rudolph-Neal/e4aa72edd2f522eea6759b9bbf6d3a22ff428167
Understanding human wildlife conflicts in rapidly expanding urban complexes: Epidemiological profile of snakebite victims...Understanding human wildlife conflicts in rapidly expanding urban complexes: Epidemiological profile of snakebite victims...
Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease considered a disease of the poor and prevalent among rural farmers. Although focus on snakebites among urban dwellers is generally minimal, the high rates of housing construction that characterize peri-urban zones of developing countries may predispose housing workers to snake-human encounters and bites, therefore creating differences in epidemiological factors underlying snakebites in urban and rural areas. Using demographic characteristic of snakebite victims, we assessed the occupational risk to snakebites in the capital city of Ghana. Farming was not as common among the urban dwellers as building works but the prevalence of snakebites was in the order: farmers (39%) , builders (22%) , Office Workers (5%) , Businessmen (5%) , and unemployed (4%) indicating the few farmers in the city had the highest risk of sustaining snakebites. The frequent work schedule of builders in uncompleted and housing under construction increased their snakebite risk as ...
http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/24832
Antivenin (micrurus fulvius) - brand name list from Drugs.comAntivenin (micrurus fulvius) - brand name list from Drugs.com
Lists the various brand names available for medicines containing antivenin (micrurus fulvius). Find information on antivenin (micrurus fulvius) use, treatment, drug class and molecular formula.
https://www.drugs.com/ingredient/antivenin-micrurus-fulvius.html
antivenin (micrurus fulvius) Intravenous - patient information, description, dosage and directions.antivenin (micrurus fulvius) Intravenous - patient information, description, dosage and directions.
Description of the drug antivenin (micrurus fulvius) Intravenous. - patient information, description, dosage and directions. What is antivenin (micrurus fulvius) Intravenous!
http://drugster.info/drug/medicament/1903/
Black mambaBlack mamba
The black mamba is the most feared snake in Africa because of its size, aggression, venom toxicity and speed of onset of symptoms following envenomation,[21] and is classified as a snake of medical importance by the World Health Organization.[lower-alpha 2][34] A survey in South Africa from 1957 to 1979 recorded 2553 venomous snakebites, 75 of which were confirmed as being from black mambas. Of these 75 cases, 63 had symptoms of systemic envenomation and 21 died. Those bitten before 1962 received a polyvalent antivenom that had no effect on black mamba venom, and 15 of 35 people who received the antivenom died. A mamba-specific antivenom was introduced in 1962, followed by a fully polyvalent antivenom in 1971. Over this period, 5 of 38 people bitten by black mambas and given antivenom died.[lower-alpha 3][35] A census in rural Zimbabwe in 1991 and 1992 revealed 274 cases of snakebite, of which 5 died. Black mambas were confirmed in 15 cases, of which 2 died.[36] The peak period for deaths is the ...
https://zims-en.kiwix.campusafrica.gos.orange.com/wikipedia_en_all_nopic/A/Black_mamba
Coral Snake<...Coral Snake<...
FAQs About Coral Snakes About Eastern Coral Snakes How many bites occur each year?An average of 47 bites to humans are reported to Florida poison centers each year. Identification and Classification of Coral Snakes How can the eastern coral snake be identified?Multi-colored rings encircle its body with red, black…
https://www.poisoncentertampa.org/poison-topics/venomous-critters/coral-snake/
Antivenin (micrurus fulvius) Intravenous Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.comAntivenin (micrurus fulvius) Intravenous Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.com
Detailed drug Information for antivenin (micrurus fulvius) Intravenous. Includes common brand names, drug descriptions, warnings, side effects and dosing information.
https://www.drugs.com/cons/antivenin-micrurus-fulvius-intravenous.html
Venomous Snake Bites In Charlotte Have Quadrupled This Year - Heres How To Stay Safe - Charlotte StoriesVenomous Snake Bites In Charlotte Have Quadrupled This Year - Heres How To Stay Safe - Charlotte Stories
Last month Charlottes Carolina Poison Center received a total of 71 snake bite calls - thats up from just 19 calls in September of 2016.. The majority of the calls were for copperhead bites, made by medical professionals seeking specific anti-venom dosing and treatment advice. The Charlotte regions most prevalent venomous snake is the copperhead, but North Carolina is also home to cottonmouths, rattlesnakes (eastern diamondback, pygmy and timber) and coral snakes.. ...
http://www.charlottestories.com/venomous-snake-bites-charlotte-quadrupled-year-heres-stay-safe/
Venom - Cottonmouth SnakeVenom - Cottonmouth Snake
Another effect of neurotoxic venom is necrosis. If youre wondering what the word necrosis means, it basically means the killing of tissue cells which leads to skin and muscle tissue literally rotting around the bite wound. That necrosis often leads to amputation. The effects of this neurotoxic venom often has a lasting effect on the bodys extremities. There are a few native venomous snakes here in the United States with neurotoxic venom like for example the mojave rattlesnake, tiger rattlesnake, southern pacific rattlesnake, canebrake rattlesnake and the coral snake. Throughout the globe, there are many different species of venomous snakes that are equipped with neurotoxic venom and for the most part theyre mainly elapids like cobras, mambas, tiapans etc.. Cottonmouth Snake Bite treatment: Anti-venom serum like CroFab®. (Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab) is administered when treating envenomations from cottonmouth snakes. CroFab is a United States company that manufactures anti-venom for ...
http://cottonmouthsnake.org/venom/
Akulah roti hidup yang telah turun dari sorga (Yohanes 6:51): Jeruk minum jerukAkulah roti hidup yang telah turun dari sorga (Yohanes 6:51): Jeruk minum jeruk
This snake venom is then injected in small amounts into mammals such as horses, sheep, or rabbits. These animals have an immune response whereby antibodies against the venom are generated naturally. The Antivenom is then harvested from the blood of the animal, purified and stored to treat future envenomation for snake bite victims. Antivenins are normally administered to the victim as soon as possible following a snake bite attack - usually with 4-5 hours. Since the advent of Antivenom, many snake bites which were almost always fatal have become only fatal rarely if it can administered to the victim in a timely manner. Even though the antivenins are purified by multiple processes, it may contain other serum proteins and some individuals may have an extreme hypersensitive reaction to the injection and is only administered exercising caution. ...
http://rotihidup.blogspot.com/2008/01/jeruk-minum-jeruk.html
Morbidity and mortality following envenomation by the common night adder (Causus rhombeatus) in three dogsMorbidity and mortality following envenomation by the common night adder (Causus rhombeatus) in three dogs
Introduction. The incidence of snakebites in human patients in Africa constitutes a public health problem (Chaari et al. 2010), with some 600 000 envenomations and 20 000 estimated deaths per year (Bellefleur & Le Dantec 2005; Chippaux 2005). The true global incidence of envenomation is probably under-reported in developing countries (Chippaux 1998). In South Africa dogs are frequently presented to veterinarians for snakebite (Hoole & Goddard 2007; Leisewitz et al. 2004; Lobetti & Joubert 2004), as they are in other parts of the world (Najman & Seshadri 2007). The type of snakebite encountered varies according to the geographic location and distribution of the various snakes. In South Africa the most common reports of snakebite in humans requiring medical attention involve puff adders (Bitis arietans), cobras (Naja spp.) and mambas (Dendroaspis spp.) (Blaylock 2005; Hodgson & Davidson 1996; Lavonas et al. 2002; McNally & Reitz 1987; Ogunbanjo & Kyeyune 2009). In dogs the offending snakes are the ...
http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1019-91282012000100024&lang=en
Cats Have More Lives Than Dogs When It Comes to Venomous Snake Bites - Heres WhyCats Have More Lives Than Dogs When It Comes to Venomous Snake Bites - Heres Why
Several behavioral differences between cats and dogs are also highly likely to increase the chances of dogs dying from venomous snake bite.. Dogs typically investigate with their nose and mouth, which are highly vascularized areas, whereas cats often swat with their paws, Dr Fry said.. And dogs are usually more active than cats, which is not great after a bite has taken place because the best practice is to remain as still as possible to slow the spread of venom through the body.. The researchers hope their insights can lead to a better awareness of the critically short period of time to get treatment for dogs envenomed by snakes.. As dog lovers ourselves, this study strikes close to home but it also has global implications, Dr Fry said.. Ive had two friends lose big dogs to snakebites, dying in less than ten minutes even though the eastern brown snakes responsible were not particularly large specimens.. This underscores how devastatingly fast and fatal snake venom can be to ...
https://scitechdaily.com/cats-have-more-lives-than-dogs-when-it-comes-to-venomous-snake-bites-heres-why/
Snakebite Treatment and Prevention - Health Action InternationalSnakebite Treatment and Prevention - Health Action International
Snakebite envenoming is a devastating-and massively neglected-public health challenge in many countries throughout Africa, Asia and Latin America. The lack of reliable in-country data- under-reporting is believed to be over 70%- makes it difficult to know the true impact of snakebite envenoming, but conservative estimates show that, every year, it kills 81,000-138,000 people and leaves 400,000 more with significant disabilities, such as amputated limbs and blindness.. Impoverished people living in rural areas, particularly agricultural workers, herders, fishers, hunters, working children, people living in poorly constructed homes, and people with limited access to education and healthcare, are at greatest risk of snakebite envenoming.. To minimise the suffering caused by snakebite envenoming, community knowledge and use of effective snakebite prevention and first aid measures must be increased. In addition, reliable access to safe, effective, affordable and quality-assured antivenom and other ...
https://haiweb.org/projects/snakebite-treatments-prevention/
PLOS Medicine: Low-Dose Adrenaline, Promethazine, and Hydrocortisone in the Prevention of Acute Adverse Reactions to Antivenom...PLOS Medicine: Low-Dose Adrenaline, Promethazine, and Hydrocortisone in the Prevention of Acute Adverse Reactions to Antivenom...
In a factorial randomized trial conducted in Sri Lanka, de Silva and colleagues evaluate the safety and efficacy of pretreatments intended to reduce the risk of serious reactions to antivenom following snakebite.
http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/related?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000435&imageURI=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000435.t007
Dog Reportedly Forced to Suffer With Venomous Snake Bites and Open Wounds Deserves Justice - Animal PetitionsDog Reportedly Forced to Suffer With Venomous Snake Bites and Open Wounds Deserves Justice - Animal Petitions
Bruno the dog was reportedly found covered in painful cancerous masses, bleeding sores, and venomous snake bites. Demand the person thought to have abused him receive the strictest legal sentence.
https://animalpetitions.org/908525/dog-reportedly-forced-to-suffer-with-venomous-snake-bites-for-days-deserves-justice/comment-page-7/
Anti-venom Market Value to Reach US$2,946 Million by the End of 2025: Transparency Market ResearchAnti-venom Market Value to Reach US$2,946 Million by the End of 2025: Transparency Market Research
/PRNewswire/ -- Presence of several enterprises has rendered the global anti-venom market highly fragmented. In a new study, Transparency Market Research (TMR)...
https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/anti-venom-market-value-to-reach-us2946-million-by-the-end-of-2025-transparency-market-research-663347803.html
Snake Bite Treatment in the ED: Water Moccasin, Cottonmouth and moreSnake Bite Treatment in the ED: Water Moccasin, Cottonmouth and more
Diagnosis, antivenom treatment, and follow-up care for venemous North American snake bites depends on the type of snake involved and the severity of the bite.
https://www.ebmedicine.net/topics/toxicology-environmental/snake-bite-antivenom
Pennsylvania Rattlesnake Bite: Man Dies From Snake Bite At Rural CampPennsylvania Rattlesnake Bite: Man Dies From Snake Bite At Rural Camp
He went running into the camp and told his girlfriend to take him to a hospital, Mr. Myers said, recalling his interview with Davis girlfriend.. Myers said the couple immediately sped off to a local hospital. While en route, Davis started experiencing severe breathing problems, so the woman stopped at a local bar for help. An ambulance was called, and when the paramedics arrived, approximately 30 minutes later, they immediately started CPR, noting that Davis was already in acute respiratory distress.. According to Myers, Davis was then transported by a medical helicopter, which was originally headed to Penn Highlands Health Care in St. Marys, Elk County. Prior to being airlifted to the hospital, Davis was given an anti-venom treatment. However, Davis went into full cardiac arrest mid-flight, forcing the helicopter to stop at the ACMH Hospital in Kittanning, Armstrong County, where he was pronounced dead, before he could even receive treatment, at 5:23 a.m. Davis official cause of death ...
https://www.inquisitr.com/2269566/pennsylvania-rattlesnake-bite-man-dies-from-snake-bite-at-rural-camp/
Sabinet | Snakebite in north-eastern South Africa : clinical characteristics and risks for severity : researchSabinet | Snakebite in north-eastern South Africa : clinical characteristics and risks for severity : research
Objectives : To identify the toxicity profile of snakebites and to assess clinical severity. Methods : An analysis of all patients admitted to Ngwelezane Hospital's Emergency Department with a diagnosis of snakebite over five years was done. All patients were admitted, assessed and standard haematological and biochemical tests were done. Patients were observed for a minimum of 12 hours' observation. Results : In total, 879 cases were analysed. Envenomation was identified in over two-thirds of admissions. Cytotoxic snakebites accounted for 98% of envenomations. Only four cases of haemotoxic bleeding and five cases of neurotoxicity were admitted. Abnormal laboratory indices correlated with severity: INR > 1 5 (odds ratio 2.25, CI 1.12-4.53; p = 0.023), platelets < 100x109/L (OR 2.35, CI 1.01- 5.49; p = 0.048), haemoglobin concentration < 8.0 g/dL (OR 5.68, CI 2.15-15.00; p < 0.001) and leucocyte count > 10x109 (OR 3.15, CI 1.89-5.26, p < 0.001). Children and delays to admission
http://journals.co.za/content/mp_safp/58/2/EJC189366
International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research : Table of ContentsInternational Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research : Table of Contents
Introduction: Lassa fever (LF) is an endemic West African viral hemorrhagic fever which presents acutely and is often fatal. This study assessed the level of knowledge about LF among the health workers in Sokoto State and also examined their cross-infection control practices against LF during ongoing outbreaks in health facilities in Nigeria. Methods: Data obtained from a total of 298 health workers in five hospitals in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria, were used for this study. The study tool was a 25-item questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS version 20 Software. Results: Three-tenth of the participants were within the age bracket of 26-30 years. About 54% were men, 54.4% were nursing officers, and 75.2% of the participants had practice ≤10 years. All of the surveyed medical doctors and dentists were aware of the ongoing LF outbreak in Nigeria. All of the dentists and medical laboratory scientists surveyed accurately identified the virus as the cause of LF. Only the dentists ...
http://www.ijamhrjournal.org/showBackIssue.asp?issn=2349-4220
Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (By injection) | Drug Notes | Health Information | St. Lukes HospitalAntivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (By injection) | Drug Notes | Health Information | St. Lukes Hospital
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites ...
https://www.stlukes-stl.com/health-content/drug-notes/45/5596.htm
Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (By injection) | Lima Memorial Health SystemAntivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (By injection) | Lima Memorial Health System
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites ...
http://www.limamemorial.org/health-library/Thomson%20DrugNotes/45/5596
Snake EnvenomationSnake Envenomation
28 yo F presents to ED s/p snake bite at 2200. States that she was trying to catch a rattlesnake in Nelson, NV. She states that it is a sidewinder (this knowledge due to the fact that she is an avid snake hobbyist). While attempting to catch the snake the pt was bit by 1 fang at her L 3rd DIP joint of her UE. She did not present for 4 hours as she thought that this bite was unsubstantial. When the swelling increased she called to multiple hospitals and presented to the only hospital with antivenom. Other than swelling pt had no other substantial symptoms. Vital signs are Temp: 98.0 HR: 80 RR: 16 BP: 140/85 SpO2 98% RA. Pts labs are remarkable for WBC of 15.2, platelets of 90, Potassium of 3.3, PT of 14.4, and INR of 1.3. The first treatment should be: ...
http://www.lasvegasemr.com/foam-blog/snake-envenomation
New snakebite treatment makes major advanceNew snakebite treatment makes major advance
A University of Arizona researcher developing a therapy to prevent or delay the dangerous results of rattlesnake and other venomous snakebites in humans has shown that a combination of carbon monoxide and iron inhibits snake ...
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-10-snakebite-treatment-major-advance.html
Putnam County man bitten by rattlesnake, saved by 52 vials of antiveninPutnam County man bitten by rattlesnake, saved by 52 vials of antivenin
His throat began to swell and his blood pressure dropped.. The 50-year-old man had driven to the store for some cleaning supplies and gasoline for his chain saw. But then he saw the snake - an eastern diamondback rattler he estimated to be about 6 feet long - stretched along a dirt road about a half-mile from his Putnam County home in Florahome.. He doesnt like to see snakes killed and knows most of his neighbors - including his wife - couldnt resist speeding up and running over the rattler. Petruski said he stopped and attempted to shoo it into the woods.. He wasnt getting off that damn road, Petruski said. ... Normally they just take off.. Petruski said he moved closer, picked up a stick and tried to prod it along. Thats when the snake lashed out and bit him on the hand.. A metallic taste invaded his mouth, he said, as the venom was absorbed.. He remembers calling his wife, driving home then going inside to find a belt for a tourniquet. But instead he collapsed on the couch, his wife, ...
http://jacksonville.com/news/crime/2014-05-30/story/putnam-county-man-bitten-rattlesnake-saved-52-vials-antivenin
Snake bites increase during rainy years, study finds - Lifestyle - Tuscaloosa News - Tuscaloosa, ALSnake bites increase during rainy years, study finds - Lifestyle - Tuscaloosa News - Tuscaloosa, AL
Looks like rain showers bring more than just flowers. A study done in California shows that snake bites occur more frequently when its rainy. The research team, led by Caleb Phillips of University of Colorado Boulder and Grant Lipman of the Stanford University School of Medicine, looked at 20 years of snakebite data in California. They found that with every 10% increase in rainfall over the previous year and a half, cases of snake bites in Californias 58 counties
https://www.tuscaloosanews.com/zz/lifestyle/20190516/snake-bites-increase-during-rainy-years-study-finds
2020 Public Course Dates - African Snakebite Institute2020 Public Course Dates - African Snakebite Institute
Our snake awareness, first aid for snakebite and venomous snake handling courses are presented by Johan Marais, one of Africas leading herpetologists with over 40 years experience and the author of best-sellers such as A Complete Guide to Snakes of Southern Africa, Snakes and Snakebite in Southern Africa and First Aid for Snakebite, to mention just a few.
https://www.africansnakebiteinstitute.com/courses-2/
Incepta VaccineIncepta Vaccine
As of now Antivenom is the only specific antidote for snake envenomation and prompt administration of adequate dose of Antiserum is of paramount importance for neutralization of unbound circulating snake venom components for early response to treatment. Any delay in administration may result in increased dose requirement and decreased effectiveness. As the clinical signs can vary due to many factors such as type of snake, time of reporting after bite, size of snake, amount of venom injected during bite, seasonal & regional variation in venom composition etc., no accurate dosage can be recommended. However, considering the average quantity of venom injected by snake at the time of bite and degree of envenomation, it is recommended to administer initial dose of 5-10 vials of Antivenom by slow intravenous infusion either undiluted at a speed of not more than 2 ml per minute or after dilution with Normal /glucose saline at a rate of 5-10 ml/kg body weight over one hour. Children should receive the ...
http://inceptavaccine.com/product-details.php?pid=antivenom
The Blue Coral Snake, Calliophis bivirgata: A mysterious beauty armed with exotic toxinsThe Blue Coral Snake, Calliophis bivirgata: A mysterious beauty armed with exotic toxins
Toxicologists in Malaysia published the first report on the venom proteome correlating toxic functionalities of the Malayan blue coral snake, an exotic species from the country. The toxins are unique among snakes and have ...
https://phys.org/news/2016-09-blue-coral-snake-calliophis-bivirgata.html?deviceType=mobile
Coral snakes and milk snakes | 8 uncanny animal lookalikes | MNN - Mother Nature NetworkCoral snakes and milk snakes | 8 uncanny animal lookalikes | MNN - Mother Nature Network
Heres a mnemonic that could save your life one day: Red on yellow will kill a fellow; red on black is a friend of Jack. Coral snakes (like
https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/animals/photos/8-uncanny-animal-lookalikes/coral-snakes-and-milk-snakes
Antivenin (Latrodectus Mactans) (Injection Route) Before Using - Mayo ClinicAntivenin (Latrodectus Mactans) (Injection Route) Before Using - Mayo Clinic
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.. ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/antivenin-latrodectus-mactans-injection-route/before-using/drg-20061956
What Should You Do If Youre Bitten by a Venomous Snake? | Live ScienceWhat Should You Do If Youre Bitten by a Venomous Snake? | Live Science
Bites from venomous snakes can be dangerous, but are not always fatal. Steps taken soon after the bite can greatly reduce the threat from the venom..
https://www.livescience.com/65614-what-if-bitten-by-snake.html
Snake-handling preacher dies from bite after refusing anti-venom - RT USA NewsSnake-handling preacher dies from bite after refusing anti-venom - RT USA News
A Kentucky preacher and reality TV star, whose sermons involved handling of deadly snakes, has died from a snake bite. He refused medical treatment, because he relied on Gods protection to save him from the venom.
https://www.rt.com/usa/snake-handling-pastor-dies-334/
Family Dogs Save Grandkids From Venomous Snake | WWLP.comFamily Dogs Save Grandkids From Venomous Snake | WWLP.com
When a venomous snake slithered into a yard where two young children were playing in Southwest Florida, a pair of four-legged good Samaritan…
http://wwlp.com/2017/08/20/family-dogs-save-grandkids-from-venomous-snake/
Snake Bite Leg Islamic Interpretations & MeaningsSnake Bite Leg Islamic Interpretations & Meanings
Islamic dream interpretation for Snake Bite Leg. Find the Muslim meaning & explanations about Snake Bite Leg on myIslamicDreams.com
http://www.myislamicdream.com/snake_bite_leg.html
Baby care customs right after labor, Reasonable? | Physics Forums - The Fusion of Science and CommunityBaby care customs right after labor, Reasonable? | Physics Forums - The Fusion of Science and Community
Infection is not a worry with these babies because from birth they have a very strong immune system. I mean, if a full term baby can handle a venomous snakebite just as well as I can handle a spider bite because of naturally produced antivenom, and an adolescent can handle the worst and most malignant of viral infections(Viral TB is a virus that has a lot of other viruses in its family tree and just like TB here on earth, granulomas form to contain the virus but a few escape and spread to other organs and tissues including their blood cells), than infection shouldnt be a worry with even a micropremie ...
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/baby-care-customs-right-after-labor-reasonable.915907/
Snake Bite Kit-VENOM LOCCSnake Bite Kit-VENOM LOCC
VENOM LOCCâ„¢ is the only commercially available snakebite kit that follows current medical guidelines for field-based first aid treatment of snake bites. Emergency physicians advise against snakebite kits that have cutting, suctioning or the use of a tourn
http://tongs.com/snakebitekit.aspx
Doctors Without Borders warn that anti-venom medicine Fav-Afrique will run out | Daily Mail OnlineDoctors Without Borders warn that anti-venom medicine Fav-Afrique will run out | Daily Mail Online
A key treatment for snakebites, called Fav-Afrique, will run out in June - and there is no alternative treatment, warns the medical charity Doctors Without Borders.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-3226333/Crisis-snake-bite-treatment-Global-supply-key-anti-venom-run-dry-year-putting-tens-thousands-lives-risk.html
Blood analysis app could help snakebite victims | Reuters VideoBlood analysis app could help snakebite victims | Reuters Video
A fast, portable method to identify the species of snake responsible for human envenoming is being developed at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). Jim Drury reports.
https://in.reuters.com/video/watch/idOV7ZBZ2VV
Manchester Veterinary Clinic, Care GuidesManchester Veterinary Clinic, Care Guides
Each year, about 150,000 dogs and cats are bit by venomous snakes in the United States. Most bites occur during warmer months (between April and October in the northern hemisphere). Snakebites are painful, and the injected venom can result in tissue swelling, impaired blood clotting, shock, and sometimes death. Treatment may include antivenin (a serum that neutralizes the venom), pain medications, IV fluids, and antibiotics to control secondary infections. Even if the pet recovers, there may be long-term complications.. Read More ...
http://manchestervetclinic.vetstreet.com/care_guide.html?p=59
Snakebite in domestic animals: First global scoping review | International Livestock Research InstituteSnakebite in domestic animals: First global scoping review | International Livestock Research Institute
Snakebite is a Neglected Tropical Disease estimated to cause more than 100,000 human deaths and disable more than 400,000 victims each year. It primarily affects poor agricultural workers, farmers, and cattle herders living in rural areas of developing countries. It is thus an occupational disease. However, the impact of snakebite on these rural communities could be even
https://www.ilri.org/publications/snakebite-domestic-animals-first-global-scoping-review
Snakebites - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best PracticeSnakebites - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice
Few physicians have experience treating snakebites, and a poison center should be consulted in all cases. All snakebites should be copiously irrigated and inspected for foreign bodies or tendon damage. Infection is rare and prophylactic antibiotics are generally not indicated. Crotalinae (pit vip...
https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/945
AntivenomAntivenom
His 'Antivenin' was effective, but failed to make an impact as the public were focused on contemporary Pasteurian discoveries. ... Historically, the term antivenin was predominant around the world, its first published use being in 1895. In 1981, the World ... "Antivenin". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. World Health Organization (1981). Progress in the characterization of venoms and ... Antivenom, also known as antivenin, venom antiserum, and antivenom immunoglobulin, is a specific treatment for envenomation. It ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antivenom
Chilorhinophis gerardiChilorhinophis gerardi
Antivenin Inst. America 1 (1): 25-27. Boulenger GA (1913). "Description de deux reptiles nouveaux provenant du Katanga ". Revue ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilorhinophis_gerardi
Agkistrodon piscivorusAgkistrodon piscivorus
Antivenin Inst. Amer. 3: 61-64. Cope ED (1860) (dated 1859). "Catalogue of the venomous serpents in the museum of the Academy ... Antivenin Inst. Amer. 1 (1): 7-21. Lacépède BGE (1789). Histoire naturelle des quadrupèdes ovipares et des serpentes, vol. 2 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agkistrodon_piscivorus
MicruroidesMicruroides
Antivenin Inst. America 2 (3): 63-64. (Micruroides, new genus). Stejneger L, Barbour T (1917). A Check List of North American ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micruroides
CrotalusCrotalus
Antivenin Inst. America. 1 (1): 7-21. Klauber, LM (1936). "Key to the rattlesnakes with summary characteristics". Trans. San ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotalus
Adoptive immunityAdoptive immunity
2003). "antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent." Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 30th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, p. 109. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoptive_immunity
EchisEchis
South African Snake Venoms and Antivenins. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Medical Research. 35 pp. Cloudsley-Thompson ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echis
List of dangerous snakesList of dangerous snakes
June 2010). "Production of effective antivenin to treat cobra snake (Naja naja oxiana) envenoming". Archives of Razi Vaccine ... Minton, SA (1967). "Paraspecific protection by elapid and sea snake antivenins". Toxicon. 5 (1): 47-55. doi:10.1016/0041-0101( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dangerous_snakes
Causus maculatusCausus maculatus
No existing antivenins are known to counteract this venom. This species was previously considered to be a subspecies of C. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causus_maculatus
Horned adderHorned adder
According to the U.S. Navy (1965, 1991), polyvalent antivenins produced by SAMIR and the Pasteur Institute are said to be ... The National Antivenom and Vaccine Production Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, produces a polyvalent antivenin that includes a ... 2003) reported currently available antivenins are of limited effectiveness. Viljoen et al. (1982) isolated a protein, a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horned_adder
JellyfishJellyfish
Immunobased antivenins are used for serious box jellyfish stings. Jellyfish in large quantities can fill and split fishing nets ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfish
CaususCausus
Antivenin treatment should not be necessary. Nevertheless, South African polyvalent serum is known to be effective against the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causus
MetlapilcoatlusMetlapilcoatlus
Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America. 2(3): 58. Müller JW von. 1865. Vol. 3. Reisen in den Vereinigten Staten, Canada ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metlapilcoatlus
CalciseptineCalciseptine
This gives the antivenin its polyvalent property. This also enhances the potency of the antivenin. Some venoms cannot induce ... The polyvalent antivenin is produced by injecting horses with adapted venom. The venom is first detoxified to prevent too much ... the immune system enough on its own or the combination of two or more venoms result in a better responding antivenin. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciseptine
Androctonus bicolorAndroctonus bicolor
CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Antivenom (antivenin)". Archived from the original on 2014-01-06. CS1 maint: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androctonus_bicolor
Crotalus scutulatusCrotalus scutulatus
AntiveninEdit. Unlike the rattlesnake antivenin used in the United States over the previous 50 years, CroFab antivenin ( ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotalus_scutulatus
Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctusAgkistrodon contortrix laticinctus
There is no antivenin specifically manufactured for copperheads. However, CroFab, which makes use of the venom from the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agkistrodon_contortrix_laticinctus
Crotalus cerastesCrotalus cerastes
The previous antivenin (ACP) is no longer manufactured. Frost, D.R.; Hammerson, G.A. & Gadsden, H. (2007). "Crotalus cerastes ... and 10 cc of antivenin were administered. Within 2.5 hours, his entire arm was swollen and the pain was severe, "as if the arm ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotalus_cerastes
Cerastes (genus)Cerastes (genus)
Immunological studies on monovalent and bivalent Cerastes antivenin. Toxicon (Great Britain) 18: 384-387. Schnurrenberger H. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerastes_(genus)
CalloselasmaCalloselasma
The antivenin manufactured in Thailand seemed effective in reversing the blood clotting caused by the venom. Most patients ... remained stable and did not require antivenin. The authors suggested that victims not use traditional healers and avoid overuse ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calloselasma
Micrurus tenerMicrurus tener
... coral-snake-bites-antivenin-fda Roser, Mary Ann (2010). "If coral snake bites you, don't count on antivenin: It's no longer ... the production of coral snake antivenin has been discontinued for several years. Prior to the availability of antivenin, the ... 434-435, Figure 196 + Plate 44). Breen, David (2013). "Risk from coral-snake bites grows as antivenin dwindles". Orlando ... fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/expiration-date-extension-north-american-coral-snake-antivenin- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrurus_tener
Snake antivenomSnake antivenom
Breen, David (12 October 2013). "Risk from coral-snake bites grows as antivenin dwindles". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 25 May ... "Safety & Availability (Biologics) > Expiration Date Extension for North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) ( ... "antivenin") production in the United States has ceased. According to Pfizer, the owner of the company that used to make the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_antivenom
Fields horned viperField's horned viper
No antivenin is available for bites from either subspecies. It is reported that a polyvalent antiserum does offer some ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field's_horned_viper
Bothriechis marchiBothriechis marchi
Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 3: 1-3. (Bothrops nigroviridis marchi, new subspecies).. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bothriechis_marchi
King cobraKing cobra
Ganthavorn, S. (1969). "Toxicities of Thailand snake venoms and neutralization capacity of antivenin". Toxicon. 7 (3): 239-241 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_cobra
Plukenetia conophoraPlukenetia conophora
The fresh nuts are believed to be a snake antivenin. The oil has thus been found useful in the formulation of wood vanish, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plukenetia_conophora
Snake charmingSnake charming
In addition, the charmers provided a valuable source of snake venom for creating antivenins.[citation needed] Today, cultural ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_charming
Crotalus basiliscusCrotalus basiliscus
Antivenin is produced by the Instituto Nacional de Higiene in Mexico. In the US, Protherics in Brentwood, Tennessee, produces ... an antivenin called "Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine)" containing a paraspecific antibody that protects against bites ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotalus_basiliscus
Thai Red Cross SocietyThai Red Cross Society
Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute produces BCG and rabies vaccines and snake antivenins for national distribution. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_Red_Cross_Society
Echis carinatusEchis carinatus
In any case, antivenin therapy and intravenous hydration within hours of the bite are vital for survival. At least eight ... Joint Chiefs of Staff Campaign Analysis Report, Snakes & Scorpions in Iraq & Antivenin Sources.pdf Venomous Snakes and ... Scorpions in Iraq, and Their Antivenin Sources[dead link] at 311th Human Systems Wing, Brooks City-Base Archived 2007-01-19 at ... different polyvalent and monovalent antivenins are available against bites from this species. The venom from this species is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echis_carinatus
DailyMed - Search Results for AntiveninsDailyMed - Search Results for Antivenins
ANTIVENIN (latrodectus mactans) kit NDC Code(s): 0006-4084-01, 0006-5424-02, 0006-9011-00 ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=Antivenins&searchdb=class
Antivenin Drugs Help During HurricanesAntivenin Drugs Help During Hurricanes
Another antivenin made by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals _ which accounted for the remaining five percent of antivenin used in 2004 _ ... Dart said 95 percent of the antivenin used in the U.S. in 2004 was CroFab, which became available on the commercial market in ... Her daughter was saved by CroFab, a snake antivenin made by Protherics PLC, a British drug company that has recently become the ... That news several years ago led to temporary shortages of snake antivenin in some regions because Protherics officials said ...
https://www.newson6.com/story/5e368c202f69d76f620a34fb/antivenin-drugs-help-during-hurricanes
Antivenin Polyvalent Side Effects in Detail - Drugs.comAntivenin Polyvalent Side Effects in Detail - Drugs.com
... antivenin (crotalidae) polyvalent). Includes common and rare side effects information for consumers and healthcare ... Learn about the potential side effects of Antivenin Polyvalent ( ... Some side effects of Antivenin Polyvalent may not be reported. ... Applies to antivenin (crotalidae) polyvalent: intravenous powder for solution. Along with its needed effects, antivenin ( ... Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking antivenin (crotalidae) ...
https://www.drugs.com/sfx/antivenin-polyvalent-side-effects.html
Funnel Web Spider Envenomation Medication: Antivenin, Anticholinergic AgentFunnel Web Spider Envenomation Medication: Antivenin, Anticholinergic Agent
Antivenin. Class Summary. This agent neutralizes the toxins from the spider bite. ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/772401-medication
Antivenin (micrurus fulvius) - brand name list from Drugs.comAntivenin (micrurus fulvius) - brand name list from Drugs.com
Find information on antivenin (micrurus fulvius) use, treatment, drug class and molecular formula. ... Lists the various brand names available for medicines containing antivenin (micrurus fulvius). ... antivenin (micrurus fulvius) systemic. Drug class(es): antitoxins and antivenins. Antivenin (micrurus fulvius) systemic is used ... Antivenin (micrurus fulvius). Important: The information below refers to medicines available in the United States that contain ...
https://www.drugs.com/ingredient/antivenin-micrurus-fulvius.html
Antivenin (Latrodectus Mactans) (Injection Route) Before Using - Mayo ClinicAntivenin (Latrodectus Mactans) (Injection Route) Before Using - Mayo Clinic
Information about this antivenin-latrodectus-mactans-injection-route. Pregnancy Category. Explanation. All Trimesters. C. ... suggesting that antivenin should be given as a preferred initial therapy . ... studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of antivenin ... studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of antivenin ...
http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/antivenin-latrodectus-mactans-injection-route/before-using/DRG-20061956
Antivenin (Micrurus Fulvius) (Intravenous Route) Proper Use - Mayo ClinicAntivenin (Micrurus Fulvius) (Intravenous Route) Proper Use - Mayo Clinic
Antivenin. Descriptions. North American coral snake antivenin belongs to a group of medicines known as immunizing agents. It is ... The severity of the symptoms and the length of the sickness depend on the amount of North American coral snake antivenin you ... For up to 24 days after you have received North American coral snake antivenin, you may develop symptoms of a side effect ... Although there is no specific information comparing use of North American coral snake antivenin in the elderly with use in ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/antivenin-micrurus-fulvius-intravenous-route/proper-use/DRG-20061977?p=1
Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans): Pediatric Medication | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAntivenin (Latrodectus mactans): Pediatric Medication | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this medicine or any other medicine. Only the healthcare provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for a specific patient. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about this medicine. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this medicine. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from the healthcare provider. You must talk with the healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this medicine ...
https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/antivenin-latrodectus-mactans-01
Rattlesnake Antivenin (Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & UsesRattlesnake Antivenin (Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses
Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent) may treat, uses, dosage, side effects, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, ... Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent, Wyeth (hereinafter referred to as Antivenin) contains protective substances capable of ... home drugs a-z list side effects drug center rattlesnake antivenin (antivenin (crotalidae) polyvalent) drug ... However, serious immediate reactions to Antivenin are rare. In skin-test-negative patients, Antivenin caused a true immediate ...
https://www.rxlist.com/rattlesnake-antivenin-drug.htm
IRAN SENDING SNAKE ANTIVENIN FOR UTAHN|BR| SERUMS ALSO COMING FROM USSR, LONDON | Deseret NewsIRAN SENDING SNAKE ANTIVENIN FOR UTAHN|BR| SERUMS ALSO COMING FROM USSR, LONDON | Deseret News
A special antivenin was flown to Salt Lake from the San Diego Zoo on Wednesday, but a hospital spokesman said the serum is not ... IRAN SENDING SNAKE ANTIVENIN FOR UTAHN,BR, SERUMS ALSO COMING FROM USSR, LONDON. By Jay Evensen, Staff Writer ...
https://www.deseretnews.com/article/36816/IRAN-SENDING-SNAKE-ANTIVENIN-FOR-UTAHN.html
Black Widow Spider Antivenin for Patients With Systemic Latrodectism - Study Results - ClinicalTrials.govBlack Widow Spider Antivenin for Patients With Systemic Latrodectism - Study Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
Antivenin Latrodectus (Black Widow) Equine Immune F(ab)2. Antivenin Latrodectus (Black Widow) Equine Immune F(ab)2 ... Antivenin Latrodectus (Black Widow) Equine Immune F(ab)2. Antivenin Latrodectus (Black Widow) Equine Immune F(ab)2 ... Black Widow Spider Antivenin for Patients With Systemic Latrodectism (BWSP3). The safety and scientific validity of this study ... Antivenin Latrodectus (Black Widow) Equine Immune F(ab)2 Normal Saline Total ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT00657540?sect=X016
kingsnake blog Kingsnake.com Blog - Is antivenin manufacturer ripping off snakebite victims?kingsnake blog Kingsnake.com Blog - Is antivenin manufacturer ripping off snakebite victims?
Then the bill for the antivenin that saved his life took another. From the Washington Post: The bulk of his hospital bill - $ ... Nobody expects antivenin to be cheap. But $83,000?. Theres currently only one commercially available antivenin for treating ... Specifically, charges for the antivenin used to treat the bite. KGTV reports that Fassler depleted the antivenin supplies at ... Then the bill for the antivenin that saved his life took another.. From the Washington Post:. The bulk of his hospital bill - $ ...
http://www.kingsnake.com/blog/archives/3090-Is-antivenin-manufacturer-ripping-off-snakebite-victims.html
Leki refundowane - Cena i zamienniki leku AntiveninLeki refundowane - Cena i zamienniki leku Antivenin
Sprawdź ile zapłacisz za lek Antivenin w aptece, znajdź tańsze zamienniki leku. Określ swoje uprawnienia i sprawdź jakie zniżki ...
http://leki-refundowane.com/leki/antivenin.htm
Agoura Hills girl, 4, bitten by rattlesnake; wound on foot requires 19 vials of antiveninAgoura Hills girl, 4, bitten by rattlesnake; wound on foot requires 19 vials of antivenin
... ... Treating such bites can be expensive, with a single vial of antivenin costing up to $5,000. ...
https://www.dailynews.com/2011/06/23/agoura-hills-girl-4-bitten-by-rattlesnake-wound-on-foot-requires-19-vials-of-antivenin/
Leki refundowane - Cena i zamienniki leku Antivenin InjectionLeki refundowane - Cena i zamienniki leku Antivenin Injection
Sprawdź ile zapłacisz za lek Antivenin Injection w aptece, znajdź tańsze zamienniki leku. Określ swoje uprawnienia i sprawdź ... Antivenin (black widow spider antivenin) odpłatność, etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol ring cena, Metamucil smooth texture powder ...
http://leki-refundowane.com/leki/antivenin-injection.htm
Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (By injection) | Lima Memorial Health SystemAntivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (By injection) | Lima Memorial Health System
Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (By injection). Antivenin (Micrurus Fulvius) (an-tee-VEN-in (mye-KROO-rus FUL-vi-us)). Treats ... You should not receive this medicine if you have had an allergic reaction to antivenin, or if you have any history of allergy ...
http://www.limamemorial.org/health-library/Thomson%20DrugNotes/45/5596
Heterologous Antisera and Antivenins Are Essential Biologicals: Perspectives on a Worldwide Crisis | Annals of Internal...Heterologous Antisera and Antivenins Are Essential Biologicals: Perspectives on a Worldwide Crisis | Annals of Internal...
Heterologous Antisera and Antivenins Are Essential Biologicals: Perspectives on a Worldwide Crisis Henry Wilde, MD; Penmas ... The most important of these are human or equine antisera against rabies, tetanus, diphtheria, and snake antivenins. Homologous ... Wilde H, Thipkong P, Sitprija V, Chaiyabutr N. Heterologous Antisera and Antivenins Are Essential Biologicals: Perspectives on ...
http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/709855/heterologous-antisera-antivenins-essential-biologicals-perspectives-worldwide-crisis
DailyMed - NORTH AMERICAN CORAL SNAKE ANTIVENIN (EQUINE) (coral snake (micrurus fulvius) immune globulin antivenin- equine...DailyMed - NORTH AMERICAN CORAL SNAKE ANTIVENIN (EQUINE) (coral snake (micrurus fulvius) immune globulin antivenin- equine...
North American coral snake antivenin in 10 ML Injection. PSN. 2. 1858981. North American coral snake antivenin 250 UNT ... North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) is a horse-derived antivenin indicated for the treatment of envenomation caused ... See full prescribing information for North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine).. North American Coral Snake Antivenin ( ... NORTH AMERICAN CORAL SNAKE ANTIVENIN (EQUINE) coral snake (micrurus fulvius) immune globulin antivenin (equine) injection, ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=6d0f94b4-82ca-37c7-edb0-4f0702cf6c8d&audience=consumer
Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (By injection) | Drug Notes | Health Information | St. Lukes HospitalAntivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (By injection) | Drug Notes | Health Information | St. Luke's Hospital
Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (By injection). Antivenin (Micrurus Fulvius) (an-tee-VEN-in (mye-KROO-rus FUL-vi-us)). Treats ... You should not receive this medicine if you have had an allergic reaction to antivenin, or if you have any history of allergy ...
https://www.stlukes-stl.com/health-content/drug-notes/45/5596.htm
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Antigen-Antibody Relations in the Present Antivenin Production of...The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Antigen-Antibody Relations in the Present Antivenin Production of...
The local actions of the Bothrops venoms are not inhibited by the antivenins. Antivenin production in Brazil should be limited ... The titer of the antivenins is sufficient to cure average snake bites in this country, except those caused by the rattlesnake, ... The more toxic venoms were better neutralized than the weaker ones, whereas the antivenins obtained by immunizations with the ... fixed antivenin doses being applied immediately after the injection of varying venom doses at the same site. The neutralizing ...
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1951.s1-31.500
Antivenin for the Treatment of Local Tissue Damage Due to Envenomation by Southeast Asian Snakes | The American Journal of...Antivenin for the Treatment of Local Tissue Damage Due to Envenomation by Southeast Asian Snakes | The American Journal of...
Antivenins were more effective when injected immediately after venom injection or mixed with venom before injection. When the ... Intravenous injection of antivenin was more effective in preventing death than intramuscular injection. ... Abstract Antivenins currently used in Southeast Asia to treat snake-bite were administered to mice to determine their ... antivenin was given 10 and 30 minutes later, its effectiveness was reduced accordingly. ...
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1970.19.880
Antivenin | definition of antivenin by Medical dictionaryAntivenin | definition of antivenin by Medical dictionary
... antivenin explanation free. What is antivenin? Meaning of antivenin medical term. What does antivenin mean? ... Looking for online definition of antivenin in the Medical Dictionary? ... North American coral snake antivenin antivenin (Micrurus fulvius).. polyvalent crotaline antivenin antivenin (Crotalidae) ... black widow spider antivenin antivenin (Latrodectus mactans).. antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent a serum containing specific ...
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/antivenin
antivenin (micrurus fulvius) Intravenous - patient information, description, dosage and directions.antivenin (micrurus fulvius) Intravenous - patient information, description, dosage and directions.
Description of the drug antivenin (micrurus fulvius) Intravenous. - patient information, description, dosage and directions. ... Proper Use of antivenin (micrurus fulvius). Dosing. The dose of antivenin (micrurus fulvius) will be different for different ... Uses For antivenin (micrurus fulvius). North American coral snake antivenin belongs to a group of medicines known as immunizing ... For antivenin (micrurus fulvius), the following should be considered:. Allergies. Tell your doctor if you have ever had any ...
http://drugster.info/drug/medicament/1903/
Latrodectus antivenin - AdisInsightLatrodectus antivenin - AdisInsight
Latrodectus antivenin Alternative Names: Analatro; Antivenin Latrodectus equine immune F(ab)2 - RDT/Bioclon; Aracmyn; Black ... widow spider antivenin - RDT/Bioclon; Black widow spider antivenom - RDT/Bioclon; Latrodectus immune F(ab)2 antivenom - ...
http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800022942?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4be46694-f263-4268-8448-17b8d77e9a4f
Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) (Injection route)Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) (Injection route)
Black widow spider antivenin belongs to a group of medicines known as immunizing agents. It is used to treat patients with ... Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) (Injection route). Pronunciation:. an-tee-VEN-in (lat-roe-DEK-tus MAK-tans) ... suggesting that antivenin should be given as a preferred initial therapy . ... studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of antivenin ...
https://www.allinahealth.org/CCS/doc/Thomson%20Detailed%20Drugs/47/600151.htm
International Therapeutic Proteins - Tasmanian anti-toxins, antivenins, antivenoms & biologicsInternational Therapeutic Proteins - Tasmanian anti-toxins, antivenins, antivenoms & biologics
... snake antivenins / antivenoms and other biologics to corporate and government clients worldwide ... and snake antivenins / antivenoms and other biologics to corporate and government clients worldwide. ...
http://itproteins.com
NDC 0006-5424 Antivenin Latrodectus MactansNDC 0006-5424 Antivenin Latrodectus Mactans
The generic name of Antivenin is latrodectus mactans. ... Antivenin with NDC 0006-5424 is a a plasma derivative product ... One unit of Antivenin will neutralize one average mouse lethal dose of black widow spider venom when the Antivenin and the ... Antivenin must be stored and shipped at 2-8°C (36-46°F). When reconstituted as directed, the color of Antivenin ranges from ... Although one dose of Antivenin usually is adequate, a second dose may be necessary in some cases.Antivenin also may be given ...
https://ndclist.com/ndc/0006-5424
WHO HQ Library catalog › Results of search for su:{Antivenins}WHO HQ Library catalog › Results of search for 'su:{Antivenins}'
Book; Format: print Publisher: Genève : Organisation mondiale de la Santé, 1981Online access: Full text now in IRIS Availability: Items available for loan: WHO HQ [Call number: HQ SERIAL] (3). ...
https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BAntivenins%7D
Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent (Injection Route) - Drugs & SupplementsAntivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent (Injection Route) - Drugs & Supplements
Pit viper antivenin belongs to a group of medicines known as immunizing agents. It is used to treat the bites of certain ... Description and Brand Names of Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent (Injection Route). US Brand Name. *Antivenin Polyvalent ... Pit viper antivenin belongs to a group of medicines known as immunizing agents. It is used to treat the bites of certain ... Proper Use of Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent (Injection Route). Dosing The dose of this medicine will be different for ...
https://pharmacypedia.org/drugs-and-supplements/antivenin-crotalidae-polyvalent-injection-route/
ANTIVENIN® (micrurus fulvius) Clinical Pharmacology | Pfizer Medical Information - CanadaANTIVENIN® (micrurus fulvius) Clinical Pharmacology | Pfizer Medical Information - Canada
North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) is standardized for potency in mice in terms of its LD50 neutralizing capacity ... The results of cross-neutralization tests indicate that North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) will neutralize the venom ... North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) specifically binds to and neutralizes coral snake venom. ... per milliliter as determined by intravenous injection of a graded series of mixtures of North American Coral Snake Antivenin ( ...
https://www.pfizermedicalinformation.ca/en-us/antivenin/clinical-pharmacology
Received North American coralMicrurusVenomsEquineVenomLatrodectus mactansAntivenomPolyvalent antiveninIntravenousTherapeuticVialHorse serumCrotalidae PolyvalentBitesCroFabEnvenomationAntibodiesVenomousDosageRattlesnakeCommercially availableHorsesPoisonous snakesGeriatricAnaphylaxisPatientsSnakebitesPhospholipaseSpeciesBiteCoralDosesSevereNeutralizationHospitalsBlack
Received North American coral1
  • For up to 24 days after you have received North American coral snake antivenin, you may develop symptoms of a side effect called serum sickness. (mayoclinic.org)
Micrurus6
  • The information below refers to medicines available in the United States that contain antivenin (micrurus fulvius). (drugs.com)
  • North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) is indicated only for the treatment of envenomation caused by bites of North American coral snakes - Micrurus (including the eastern and Texas varieties). (nih.gov)
  • antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) a serum containing specific venom-neutralizing globulins, produced by immunization of horses with venom of the eastern coral snake (M. fulvius) . (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to antivenin (micrurus fulvius) or any other medicines. (drugster.info)
  • The dose of antivenin (micrurus fulvius) will be different for different patients. (drugster.info)
  • The following information includes only the average doses of antivenin (micrurus fulvius). (drugster.info)
Venoms5
  • The therapeutic action of 11 Brazilian antivenins (2 polyvalent, 1 bivalent, 8 monovalent) against the venoms of 10 Brazilian snake species was assayed in 2989 subcutaneous mouse tests, fixed antivenin doses being applied immediately after the injection of varying venom doses at the same site. (ajtmh.org)
  • The more toxic venoms were better neutralized than the weaker ones, whereas the antivenins obtained by immunizations with the weaker venoms were more potent than the sera derived from the stronger venoms. (ajtmh.org)
  • The local actions of the Bothrops venoms are not inhibited by the antivenins. (ajtmh.org)
  • antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent a serum containing specific venom-neutralizing globulins, produced by immunizing horses with venoms of the fer-de-lance and the western, eastern, and tropical rattlesnakes, used for treatment of envenomation by most pit vipers throughout the world. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Antivenins against the venoms of most poisonous snakes, spiders and stinging fish and other aquatic species are available, but only in those areas in which the poisonous species occurs. (thefreedictionary.com)
Equine18
  • The most important of these are human or equine antisera against rabies, tetanus, diphtheria, and snake antivenins. (annals.org)
  • These highlights do not include all the information needed to use North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) safely and effectively. (nih.gov)
  • See full prescribing information for North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine). (nih.gov)
  • Do not administer North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) prophylactically to asymptomatic patients. (nih.gov)
  • Patients sensitive to North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) or horse serum may develop anaphylaxis. (nih.gov)
  • Prior to intravenous North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) administration consider performing a proper skin test and modify therapy if indicated. (nih.gov)
  • Pry off the small metal disc in the cap over the diaphragms of the vials of North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) and remove cap from diluent vials. (nih.gov)
  • Withdraw 10 mL diluent (Sterile Water for Injection, USP) using a sterile syringe and needle, and insert the needle through the stopper of the vacuum-containing vial of North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine). (nih.gov)
  • The vacuum in the North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) vial will pull the diluent out of the syringe into the vial. (nih.gov)
  • North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) specifically binds to and neutralizes coral snake venom. (pfizermedicalinformation.ca)
  • North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) is standardized for potency in mice in terms of its LD 50 neutralizing capacity per milliliter as determined by intravenous injection of a graded series of mixtures of North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) with M. f. fulvius venom. (pfizermedicalinformation.ca)
  • The results of cross-neutralization tests indicate that North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) will neutralize the venom of M. fulvius tenere (Texas coral snake) but will not neutralize the venom of Micruroides euryxanthus (Arizona or Sonoran coral snake). (pfizermedicalinformation.ca)
  • There have been no well-controlled clinical studies of the use of North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) in patients experiencing envenomation by the Eastern Coral Snake, however a retrospective analysis 3 has been published of 387 coral snake exposures treated in a healthcare facility in Florida between 1998 and 2010, including 252 patients who were treated with North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine). (pfizermedicalinformation.nl)
  • Adverse reactions associated with North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) administration were documented in 46 (18.25%) cases. (pfizermedicalinformation.nl)
  • Patients who receive a course of treatment with a foreign protein such as North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) may become sensitized to it. (pfizermedicalinformation.com.br)
  • Therefore, use caution when administering a repeat course of treatment with North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) for a subsequent envenomation episode. (pfizermedicalinformation.com.br)
  • ANAVIP [Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 (Equine)] is an equine-derived antivenin indicated for the management of adult and pediatric patients with North American rattlesnake envenomation. (anavip-us.com)
  • Skin testing is not necessary before administering either Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab, ovine (CroFab) or Crotalidae immune Fab, equine (Anavip) antivenins. (medscape.com)
Venom11
  • The neutralizing effect was measured planimetrically by the area between the mortality curves obtained by venom alone and by venom + antivenin and expressed in milligrams and mean lethal doses. (ajtmh.org)
  • Antivenins were more effective when injected immediately after venom injection or mixed with venom before injection. (ajtmh.org)
  • antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) a serum containing specific venom-neutralizing globulins, prepared by immunizing horses against venom of the black widow spider (L. mactans) . (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) is a sterile, non-pyrogenic preparation derived by drying a frozen solution of specific venom-neutralizing globulins obtained from the blood serum of healthy horses immunized against venom of black widow spiders (Latrodectus mactans). (ndclist.com)
  • It is standardized by biological assay on mice, in terms of one dose of Antivenin neutralizing the venom in not less than 6000 mouse LD50 of Latrodectus mactans. (ndclist.com)
  • One unit of Antivenin will neutralize one average mouse lethal dose of black widow spider venom when the Antivenin and the venom are injected simultaneously in mice under suitable conditions. (ndclist.com)
  • The greatest antivenin effect of MEBT was found against Japanese mamushi snake venom. (nctu.edu.tw)
  • Antivenin neutralizes the black widow's venom. (webmd.com)
  • The isolated curcuma dialdehyde was found active in vitro and in vivo for antivenin activity against the King cobra venom. (aston.ac.uk)
  • To produce antivenin, scientists inject horses with small, non-lethal doses of venom. (pbs.org)
  • The only specific treatment method is antivenin - serum with antibodies against antigens of snake venom. (mdpi.com)
Latrodectus mactans2
  • black widow spider antivenin antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) . (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Antivenin with NDC 0006-5424 is a a plasma derivative product labeled by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.. The generic name of Antivenin is latrodectus mactans. (ndclist.com)
Antivenom1
  • There are two types of antivenin (sometimes called 'antivenom') in use today. (desertusa.com)
Polyvalent antivenin1
  • 1. GINGRICH, W. & HOHENADEL, J.: Standardization of polyvalent antivenin. (rxlist.com)
Intravenous1
  • Intravenous injection of antivenin was more effective in preventing death than intramuscular injection. (ajtmh.org)
Therapeutic1
  • From its manufacturing base in the remote but temperate location of Tasmania, International Therapeutic Proteins supplies anti-toxins and snake antivenins / antivenoms and other biologics to corporate and government clients worldwide. (itproteins.com)
Vial4
  • The antivenin costs hospitals roughly $2,300 per vial, according to Bloomberg, with a typical dose requiring four to six vials. (kingsnake.com)
  • Treating such bites can be expensive, with a single vial of antivenin costing up to $5,000. (dailynews.com)
  • When constituted as specified, it is opalescent, ranging in color from light (straw) to very dark (iced tea), and contains not more than 20.0 percent of solids.Each vial contains not less than 6000 Antivenin units. (ndclist.com)
  • Black widow spider bite therapy requires only a single 2.5ml vial of Lactrodectus antivenin. (healthcentral.com)
Horse serum2
  • Specific antivenin (Antivenin Lactrodectus Mactans) is derived from horse serum. (healthcentral.com)
  • Assessment of horse serum sensitivity is essential prior to antivenin use. (healthcentral.com)
Crotalidae Polyvalent5
  • This document contains side effect information about antivenin (crotalidae) polyvalent. (drugs.com)
  • Along with its needed effects, antivenin (crotalidae) polyvalent (the active ingredient contained in Antivenin Polyvalent) may cause some unwanted effects. (drugs.com)
  • Some side effects of antivenin (crotalidae) polyvalent may occur that usually do not need medical attention. (drugs.com)
  • Crofab (antivenin (crotalidae) polyvalent)" Savage Laboratories, Melville, NY. (drugs.com)
  • Antivenins against pit vipers used in the United States are Antivenin Crotalidae Polyvalent (ACP) and a more purified and hence causing less adverse reactions - Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (CroFab). (mdpi.com)
Bites5
  • Antivenin is indicated only for the treatment of envenomation caused by bites of those crotalids (pit vipers) specified in the immediately preceding paragraph. (rxlist.com)
  • The titer of the antivenins is sufficient to cure average snake bites in this country, except those caused by the rattlesnake, but is often too low for severe cases. (ajtmh.org)
  • Antivenin confers passive immunity and is given as a part of emergency first aid for various snake and insect bites. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Many B.C. hospitals carry antivenin for bites from rattlesnakes, a species native to parts of B.C.'s Southern Interior, but they don't stock antivenin for non-native species such as cobras, said Kent. (blogspot.com)
  • Then he sells the poisonous liquid both to medical researchers and to the pharmaceutical companies that make antivenin, the antidote for snake bites. (pbs.org)
CroFab3
  • Her daughter was saved by CroFab, a snake antivenin made by Protherics PLC, a British drug company that has recently become the main snakebite antidote manufacturer in the U.S. (newson6.com)
  • Dart said 95 percent of the antivenin used in the U.S. in 2004 was CroFab, which became available on the commercial market in 2001 after Protherics won FDA approval to sell the drug. (newson6.com)
  • There's currently only one commercially available antivenin for treating venomous snakebites in the United States -- CroFab, manufactured by U.K.-based BTG plc. (kingsnake.com)
Envenomation1
  • Antivenins currently used in Southeast Asia to treat snake-bite were administered to mice to determine their effectiveness in the prevention of local tissue damage after envenomation. (ajtmh.org)
Antibodies1
  • Eventually, samples of the horse's blood are collected, and the antibodies within are extracted and processed into commercial formulations of antivenin. (pbs.org)
Venomous1
  • It is suggested that in addition to the monospecific anti-Vipera palaestinae, a polyspecific antivenin be prepared against the clinically most important venomous snakes of the region, namely, Echis coloratus, Pseudocerastes fieldi, Cerastes cerastes, Walterinnesia aegyptia, and Atractaspis engaddensis. (biomedsearch.com)
Dosage1
  • Some of the dosage forms listed on this page may not apply to the brand name Antivenin Polyvalent. (drugs.com)
Rattlesnake1
  • A 4-year-old girl remained hospitalized Wednesday after a rattlesnake bit her on the bottom of her foot, requiring 19 vials of antivenin. (dailynews.com)
Commercially available1
  • Antivenin may not be commercially available at most pharmacies. (medscape.com)
Horses1
  • You should not receive this medicine if you have had an allergic reaction to antivenin, or if you have any history of allergy to horses or any products that come from horses. (limamemorial.org)
Poisonous snakes1
  • Michael Teller, the manager at the Woodland Zoo, told CBC News on Friday they have antivenin for all their poisonous snakes and they do get calls for incidents like Hansen's occasionally. (blogspot.com)
Geriatric1
  • Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of antivenin injection in the elderly. (mayoclinic.org)
Anaphylaxis1
  • Although rare, severe hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis to antivenin are possible. (wikipedia.org)
Patients2
  • Debra Kent, the supervisor of the B.C. Poison Control Centre, told CBC News that even if a hospital does have antivenin, doctors won't necessarily administer it to patients, because it is only effective in limited situations. (blogspot.com)
  • Antivenin is rarely indicated, usually only for the very young or elderly patients who do not respond to initial measures. (healthcentral.com)
Snakebites2
  • Federal officials turned to Protherics for antivenin to treat the increase in snakebites that followed hurricanes Katrina and Rita when rain and floodwaters drove cottonmouths, copperheads and rattlesnakes from their natural habitats. (newson6.com)
  • A Surrey man who nearly lost his finger after a bite from his pet cobra is now home recovering, but B.C. health officials are warning the province has no supply of antivenin for exotic snakebites. (blogspot.com)
Phospholipase1
  • The antivenin activity of MEBT is due to chelating of Ca++ and non-specific binding of phospholipase A2. (nctu.edu.tw)
Species2
  • Antivenin production in Brazil should be limited to two types: polyvalent against the species of Bothrops, Lachesis, Crotalus , and generically monovalent against the coral snakes. (ajtmh.org)
  • Specific, local antivenins are available against only two of the species, while against others regional or European preparations are used. (biomedsearch.com)
Bite3
  • Specifically, charges for the antivenin used to treat the bite. (kingsnake.com)
  • If the bite is verified, and if the situation is life-threatening, they will ship antivenin, but Teller said exotic snake antivenin is rare and expensive, meaning if they hand out their vials, they put themselves at risk. (blogspot.com)
  • Without antivenin, a timber rattlesnake's bite can kill person. (twincities.com)
Coral6
  • North American coral snake antivenin belongs to a group of medicines known as immunizing agents. (mayoclinic.org)
  • North American coral snake antivenin is to be used only by or under the supervision of a doctor. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Studies show that children tolerate North American coral snake antivenin better than do adults. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Therefore, children may require larger doses of North American coral snake antivenin than do adults. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Although there is no specific information comparing use of North American coral snake antivenin in the elderly with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The severity of the symptoms and the length of the sickness depend on the amount of North American coral snake antivenin you were given and how long the treatment lasted. (mayoclinic.org)
Doses1
  • Therefore, children may need larger doses of pit viper antivenin than do adults. (pharmacypedia.org)
Severe1
  • In the most severe cases, your doctor may inject you with antivenin. (webmd.com)
Neutralization1
  • Administration of antivenins aimed at the neutralization of toxins in humans is prone to potential risks. (mdpi.com)
Hospitals1
  • KGTV reports that Fassler depleted the antivenin supplies at two local hospitals during his five-day visit. (kingsnake.com)
Black2
  • Black widow spider antivenin belongs to a group of medicines known as immunizing agents. (allinahealth.org)
  • Antivenin activity of melanin extracted from black tea (MEBT) was reported for the first time. (nctu.edu.tw)
IRAN SENDING SNAKE ANTIVENIN FOR UTAHN|BR| SERUMS ALSO COMING FROM USSR, LONDON | Deseret News
IRAN SENDING SNAKE ANTIVENIN FOR UTAHN|BR| SERUMS ALSO COMING FROM USSR, LONDON | Deseret News (deseretnews.com)
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Antivenin (Latrodectus Mactans) (Injection Route) Proper Use - Mayo Clinic (mayoclinic.org)
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Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans): Pediatric Medication | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (mskcc.org)
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DailyMed - Search Results for Passively Acquired Immunity (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)
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Agoura Hills girl, 4, bitten by rattlesnake; wound on foot requires 19 vials of antivenin (dailynews.com)
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Heterologous Antisera and Antivenins Are Essential Biologicals: Perspectives on a Worldwide Crisis | Annals of Internal... (annals.org)
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Crotalus cerastes - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
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Snake constriction rapidly induces circulatory arrest in rats | Journal of Experimental Biology (jeb.biologists.org)
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Feedback | New Scientist (newscientist.com)
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MSF: We're Running Out of Snakebite Treatment (newser.com)
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20. Toxicology & Antidotes Flashcards by Tung Nguyen | Brainscape (brainscape.com)
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Black widow spider: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (medlineplus.gov)
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