Snake Bites
Crotalus
A genus of snakes of the family VIPERIDAE, one of the pit vipers, so-called from the pit hollowing out the maxillary bone, opening between the eye and the nostril. They are distinctively American serpents. Most of the 25 recognized species are found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Several species are found as far north as Canada and east of the Mississippi, including southern Appalachia. They are named for the jointed rattle (Greek krotalon) at the tip of their tail. (Goin, Goin, and Zug: Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed; Moore: Poisonous Snakes of the World, 1980, p335)
Viperidae
A family of snakes comprising three subfamilies: Azemiopinae (the mountain viper, the sole member of this subfamily), Viperinae (true vipers), and Crotalinae (pit vipers). They are widespread throughout the world, being found in the United States, Central and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Their venoms act on the blood (hemotoxic) as compared to the venom of elapids which act on the nervous system (neurotoxic). (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, pp333-36)
Crotalid Venoms
Venoms from snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae or pit vipers, found mostly in the Americas. They include the rattlesnake, cottonmouth, fer-de-lance, bushmaster, and American copperhead. Their venoms contain nontoxic proteins, cardio-, hemo-, cyto-, and neurotoxins, and many enzymes, especially phospholipases A. Many of the toxins have been characterized.
Scorpions
Arthropods of the order Scorpiones, of which 1500 to 2000 species have been described. The most common live in tropical or subtropical areas. They are nocturnal and feed principally on insects and other arthropods. They are large arachnids but do not attack man spontaneously. They have a venomous sting. Their medical significance varies considerably and is dependent on their habits and venom potency rather than on their size. At most, the sting is equivalent to that of a hornet but certain species possess a highly toxic venom potentially fatal to humans. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Smith, Insects and Other Arthropods of Medical Importance, 1973, p417; Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, p503)
Venoms
Urticaria
Immune Sera
Drug Labeling
Use of written, printed, or graphic materials upon or accompanying a drug container or wrapper. It includes contents, indications, effects, dosages, routes, methods, frequency and duration of administration, warnings, hazards, contraindications, side effects, precautions, and other relevant information.
Drug Repositioning
Product Labeling
United States Food and Drug Administration
Elapidae
A family of extremely venomous snakes, comprising coral snakes, cobras, mambas, kraits, and sea snakes. They are widely distributed, being found in the southern United States, South America, Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. The elapids include three subfamilies: Elapinae, Hydrophiinae, and Lauticaudinae. Like the viperids, they have venom fangs in the front part of the upper jaw. The mambas of Africa are the most dangerous of all snakes by virtue of their size, speed, and highly toxic venom. (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, p329-33)
Elapid Venoms
Venoms from snakes of the family Elapidae, including cobras, kraits, mambas, coral, tiger, and Australian snakes. The venoms contain polypeptide toxins of various kinds, cytolytic, hemolytic, and neurotoxic factors, but fewer enzymes than viper or crotalid venoms. Many of the toxins have been characterized.
Names
Personal names, given or surname, as cultural characteristics, as ethnological or religious patterns, as indications of the geographic distribution of families and inbreeding, etc. Analysis of isonymy, the quality of having the same or similar names, is useful in the study of population genetics. NAMES is used also for the history of names or name changes of corporate bodies, such as medical societies, universities, hospitals, government agencies, etc.
Arthropod Venoms
Spider Venoms
Spiders
Arthropods of the class ARACHNIDA, order Araneae. Except for mites and ticks, spiders constitute the largest order of arachnids, with approximately 37,000 species having been described. The majority of spiders are harmless, although some species can be regarded as moderately harmful since their bites can lead to quite severe local symptoms. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, p508; Smith, Insects and Other Arthropods of Medical Importance, 1973, pp424-430)
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Emergency Medicine
Tropical Medicine
Lethal Dose 50
Low dose subcutaneous adrenaline to prevent acute adverse reactions to antivenom serum in people bitten by snakes: randomised, placebo controlled trial. (1/204)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of low dose adrenaline injected subcutaneously to prevent acute adverse reactions to polyspecific antivenom serum in patients admitted to hospital after snake bite. DESIGN: Prospective, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. SETTING: District general hospital in Sri Lanka. SUBJECTS: 105 patients with signs of envenomation after snake bite, randomised to receive either adrenaline (cases) or placebo (controls) immediately before infusion of antivenom serum. INTERVENTIONS: Adrenaline 0.25 ml (1:1000). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development of acute adverse reactions to serum and side effects attributable to adrenaline. RESULTS: 56 patients (cases) received adrenaline and 49 (controls) received placebo as pretreatment. Six (11%) adrenaline patients and 21 (43%) control patients developed acute adverse reactions to antivenom serum (P=0.0002). Significant reductions in acute adverse reactions to serum were also seen in the adrenaline patients for each category of mild, moderate, and severe reactions. There were no significant adverse effects attributable to adrenaline. CONCLUSIONS: Use of 0.25 ml of 1:1000 adrenaline given subcutaneously immediately before administration of antivenom serum to patients with envenomation after snake bite reduces the incidence of acute adverse reactions to serum. (+info)Sequential randomised and double blind trial of promethazine prophylaxis against early anaphylactic reactions to antivenom for bothrops snake bites. (2/204)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of the H1 antihistamine promethazine against early anaphylactic reactions to antivenom. DESIGN: Sequential randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. SETTING: Public hospital in a venom research institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 101 patients requiring antivenom treatment after being bitten by bothrops snakes. INTERVENTION: Intramuscular injection of promethazine (25 mg for adults and 0.5/kg for children) or placebo given 15-20 min before starting intravenous infusion of antivenom. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and severity of anaphylactic reactions occurring within 24 hours after antivenom. RESULTS: Reactions occurred in 12 of 49 patients treated with promethazine (24%) and in 13 of 52 given placebo (25%); most were mild or moderate. Continuous sequential analysis indicated that the study could be interrupted at the 22nd untied pair, without preference for promethazine or placebo. CONCLUSION: Prophylaxis with promethazine does not prevent early reactions. Patients should be observed carefully during antivenom infusion and the subsequent few hours. (+info)Comparative characterisation of Russell's viper (Daboia/Vipera russelli) venoms from different regions of the Indian peninsula. (3/204)
Russell's viper (Daboia/Vipera russelli) venom from different regions of India was subjected to chromatographic, electrophoretic, biochemical and immunological analysis. The elution profiles from ion-exchange chromatography and protein banding pattern from SDS-PAGE showed a significant variation in the constituents of venoms. The acidic proteins are found to be predominant in the venoms of eastern and western regions while basic proteins are the major contributors of the northern and southern regional venoms. The major variation of phospholipases A(2) in the venom samples of India may be described as: southern regional venom is rich in basic, toxic PLA(2) while this activity showed a dramatic decrease as one moves towards west, north and eastern regions of India. In addition, the caseinolytic, TAME-hydrolytic, anticoagulant, oedema-inducing and haemorrhagic activities of the venoms have also varied from one region to another. The muscle specimens of mice injected with venoms of different regions showed variable change in the muscle fibre damage and cell morphology. The eastern regional venom is most lethal among all the venoms. The lethal potencies for four regional venoms vary as: eastern>western>southern>northern. The polyclonal antibodies prepared against the venom of southern region showed cross-reaction with the venoms of other regions, but the extent of cross-reaction and diffusion patterns are different. However, the polyclonal antibodies prepared against southern regional venom showed no protection against lethal toxicity of other regional venoms. (+info)A new monospecific ovine Fab fragment antivenom for treatment of envenoming by the Sri Lankan Russell's viper (Daboia Russelii Russelii): a preliminary dose-finding and pharmacokinetic study. (4/204)
Russell's viper is the most important cause of life-threatening snake bite and acute renal failure in Sri Lanka. Only equine polyspecific antivenoms imported from India are available. They have not proved effective clinically or in clearing venom antigenemia and they frequently cause reactions. In an attempt to reduce mortality and morbidity, a new monospecific ovine Fab fragment antivenom (PolongaTab; Therapeutic Antibodies, Inc., London, United Kingdom) was raised against Sri Lankan Russell's viper venom. In a preliminary dose-finding study in 35 patients, an initial dose of 3-4 g restored blood coagulability permanently and stopped systemic bleeding, even in severely envenomed patients. Venom antigenemia disappeared within 1 hr of antivenom treatment but recurred, probably as a result of continued absorption of venom from the site of the bite, after the rapid clearance of therapeutic antibody. Twelve patients (34%) experienced early reactions that were usually mild and always responded to epinephrine. (+info)Comparative study on the ability of IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms to neutralize lethal and myotoxic effects induced by Micrurus nigrocinctus (coral snake) venom. (5/204)
A comparative study was performed on the ability of IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms to neutralize lethal and myotoxic activities of Micrurus nigrocinctus venom. Both antivenoms were adjusted to a similar neutralizing potency in experiments where venom and antivenoms were preincubated prior to injection. No significant differences were observed between IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms concerning neutralization of lethal effect in rescue experiments, i.e., when antivenom was administered intravenously after envenomation. However, F(ab')2 antivenom was more effective in prolonging the time of death when subneutralizing doses were administered immediately after venom injection. Both products partially reversed the binding of M. nigrocinctus alpha-neurotoxins to acetylcholine receptor in vitro. The IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms effectively neutralized venom-induced myotoxicity when administered intravenously immediately after envenomation, although neutralization was poor if antivenom injections were delayed. Intramuscular injection of venom promoted diffusion of antivenom antibodies throughout muscle tissue, and F(ab')2 diffused to a higher extent than IgG molecules. Thus, despite the observation that F(ab')2 antivenom was more effective than IgG antivenom in prolonging the time of death when subneutralizing doses were administered immediately after envenomation, no major differences were observed in antivenom neutralization of lethal and myotoxic effects or in their capacity to reverse neurotoxin binding to the acetylcholine receptor. (+info)A novel Fab-based antivenom for the treatment of mass bee attacks. (6/204)
The frequency of mass bee attacks has dramatically increased in the Americas following the introduction and spread of the aggressive Africanized 'killer' bee (Apis mellifera scutellata). As yet no specific therapy is available, which led us to develop an ovine Fab-based antivenom as a potential new treatment. Sera from sheep immunized against the venom contained high levels of specific antibodies, as demonstrated by ELISA and by small-scale affinity chromatography, against both whole (A. m. mellifera) venom and purified melittin. A nerve muscle preparation was used to show the myotoxic effects of the venom and neutralization by the antivenom. Antivenom neutralizing ability was also demonstrated using assays for venom phospholipase A2 and in vivo activities. Venom from both European and Africanized bees appeared identical when analyzed by acid-urea gel electrophoresis. This antivenom may therefore provide the first specific therapy for the treatment of mass envenomation by either European or Africanized 'killer' bees. (+info)Short report: treatment of snake envenomations by a new polyvalent antivenom composed of highly purified F(ab)2: results of a clinical trial in northern Cameroon. (7/204)
A clinical trial was conducted in 2 health centers in northern Cameroon to assess the safety and efficacy of a new polyvalent antivenom composed of highly purified and pasteurized F(ab')2 (FAV-Africa). Forty-six patients with objective signs of envenomation, including 67% with hemorrhage, were included in the study. Each patient received at least 20 ml of FAV-Africa by direct, slow intravenous injection; 172 10-ml ampules were administered. All patients were clinically cured after treatment. Two patients (4.3%) showed minor immediate adverse events that may have been related to FAV-Africa (induration, light-headedness); no other treatment-related adverse event occurred. No patient had serum sickness. This trial confirms the safety of FAV-Africa administered by intravenous injection and its efficacy in the treatment of snake envenomations in sub-Saharan Africa. (+info)Preparation of a potent anti-scorpion-venom-serum against the venom of red scorpion (Buthus tamalus). (8/204)
A number of children and adults, especially pregnant women succumb to the sting by red Scorpion (Buthus tamalus) in Konkan region--particularly on the coastal line. No specific antiserum or any other antidote is available to treat a victim of scorpion bite and hence the need to prepare a potent antiserum. Red Scorpion (B. tamalus) venom is a mixture of a number of protein moieties and neurotoxins of low molecular weight. Therefore, the venom is poor in antigenic composition and it is difficult to get antibodies specific to neutralise lethal factor/factors. Using Bentonite as an adjuvant and extending the period of immunization a potent antiserum has been prepared capable of neutralising the lethal factor/factors. In vivo testing carried out in albino mice, guinea pigs, dogs and langurs confirms this finding and shows that the antiserum is quite effective in neutralising the scorpion venom to save the life of envenomated animals. (+info)
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Cross-recognition of a pit viper (Crotalinae) polyspecific antivenom explored through high-density peptide microarray epitope...
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Black mamba
Clinically applicable laboratory end-points for treating snakebite coagulopathy<...
Coral Snake<...
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Crotalus scutulatus
AntiveninEdit. Unlike the rattlesnake antivenin used in the United States over the previous 50 years, CroFab antivenin ( ...
Antivenom
His 'Antivenin' was effective, but failed to make an impact as the public were focused on contemporary Pasteurian discoveries. ... Historically, the term antivenin was predominant around the world, its first published use being in 1895. In 1981, the World ... "Antivenin". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. World Health Organization (1981). Progress in the characterization of venoms and ... Antivenom, also known as antivenin, venom antiserum, and antivenom immunoglobulin, is a specific treatment for envenomation. It ...
Chilorhinophis gerardi
Antivenin Inst. America 1 (1): 25-27. Boulenger GA (1913). "Description de deux reptiles nouveaux provenant du Katanga ". Revue ...
Micruroides
Antivenin Inst. America 2 (3): 63-64. (Micruroides, new genus). Stejneger L, Barbour T (1917). A Check List of North American ...
Crotalus
Antivenin Inst. America. 1 (1): 7-21. Klauber, LM (1936). "Key to the rattlesnakes with summary characteristics". Trans. San ...
Adoptive immunity
2003). "antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent." Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 30th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, p. 109. ...
Echis
South African Snake Venoms and Antivenins. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Medical Research. 35 pp. Cloudsley-Thompson ...
List of dangerous snakes
June 2010). "Production of effective antivenin to treat cobra snake (Naja naja oxiana) envenoming". Archives of Razi Vaccine ... Minton, SA (1967). "Paraspecific protection by elapid and sea snake antivenins". Toxicon. 5 (1): 47-55. doi:10.1016/0041-0101( ...
Causus maculatus
No existing antivenins are known to counteract this venom. This species was previously considered to be a subspecies of C. ...
Horned adder
According to the U.S. Navy (1965, 1991), polyvalent antivenins produced by SAMIR and the Pasteur Institute are said to be ... The National Antivenom and Vaccine Production Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, produces a polyvalent antivenin that includes a ... 2003) reported currently available antivenins are of limited effectiveness. Viljoen et al. (1982) isolated a protein, a ...
Jellyfish
Immunobased antivenins are used for serious box jellyfish stings. Jellyfish in large quantities can fill and split fishing nets ...
Causus
Antivenin treatment should not be necessary. Nevertheless, South African polyvalent serum is known to be effective against the ...
Metlapilcoatlus
Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America. 2(3): 58. Müller JW von. 1865. Vol. 3. Reisen in den Vereinigten Staten, Canada ...
Calciseptine
This gives the antivenin its polyvalent property. This also enhances the potency of the antivenin. Some venoms cannot induce ... The polyvalent antivenin is produced by injecting horses with adapted venom. The venom is first detoxified to prevent too much ... the immune system enough on its own or the combination of two or more venoms result in a better responding antivenin. ...
Androctonus bicolor
CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Antivenom (antivenin)". Archived from the original on 2014-01-06. CS1 maint: ...
Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus
There is no antivenin specifically manufactured for copperheads. However, CroFab, which makes use of the venom from the ...
Crotalus cerastes
The previous antivenin (ACP) is no longer manufactured. Frost, D.R.; Hammerson, G.A. & Gadsden, H. (2007). "Crotalus cerastes ... and 10 cc of antivenin were administered. Within 2.5 hours, his entire arm was swollen and the pain was severe, "as if the arm ...
Cerastes (genus)
Immunological studies on monovalent and bivalent Cerastes antivenin. Toxicon (Great Britain) 18: 384-387. Schnurrenberger H. ...
Calloselasma
The antivenin manufactured in Thailand seemed effective in reversing the blood clotting caused by the venom. Most patients ... remained stable and did not require antivenin. The authors suggested that victims not use traditional healers and avoid overuse ...
Micrurus tener
... coral-snake-bites-antivenin-fda Roser, Mary Ann (2010). "If coral snake bites you, don't count on antivenin: It's no longer ... the production of coral snake antivenin has been discontinued for several years. Prior to the availability of antivenin, the ... 434-435, Figure 196 + Plate 44). Breen, David (2013). "Risk from coral-snake bites grows as antivenin dwindles". Orlando ... fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/expiration-date-extension-north-american-coral-snake-antivenin- ...
Snake antivenom
Breen, David (12 October 2013). "Risk from coral-snake bites grows as antivenin dwindles". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 25 May ... "Safety & Availability (Biologics) > Expiration Date Extension for North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) ( ... "antivenin") production in the United States has ceased. According to Pfizer, the owner of the company that used to make the ...
Field's horned viper
No antivenin is available for bites from either subspecies. It is reported that a polyvalent antiserum does offer some ...
Bothriechis marchi
Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 3: 1-3. (Bothrops nigroviridis marchi, new subspecies).. ...
King cobra
Ganthavorn, S. (1969). "Toxicities of Thailand snake venoms and neutralization capacity of antivenin". Toxicon. 7 (3): 239-241 ...
Plukenetia conophora
The fresh nuts are believed to be a snake antivenin. The oil has thus been found useful in the formulation of wood vanish, ...
Snake charming
In addition, the charmers provided a valuable source of snake venom for creating antivenins.[citation needed] Today, cultural ...
Crotalus basiliscus
Antivenin is produced by the Instituto Nacional de Higiene in Mexico. In the US, Protherics in Brentwood, Tennessee, produces ... an antivenin called "Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine)" containing a paraspecific antibody that protects against bites ...
Antivenom
"Antivenin". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.. *^ World Health Organization (1981). Progress in the characterization of venoms and ... SAIMR scorpion antivenin Parabuthus spp. South Africa Purified prevalent Anti-Scorpion Serum(equine) Leiurus spp. and ... The name "antivenin" comes from the French word venin, meaning venom, which in turn was derived from Latin venenum, meaning ... Antivenom, also known as antivenin, venom antiserum and antivenom immunoglobulin, is a medication made from antibodies which is ...
DailyMed - Search Results for Antivenins
Antivenin Drugs Help During Hurricanes
Another antivenin made by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals _ which accounted for the remaining five percent of antivenin used in 2004 _ ... Dart said 95 percent of the antivenin used in the U.S. in 2004 was CroFab, which became available on the commercial market in ... Her daughter was saved by CroFab, a snake antivenin made by Protherics PLC, a British drug company that has recently become the ... That news several years ago led to temporary shortages of snake antivenin in some regions because Protherics officials said ...
Antivenin Polyvalent Side Effects in Detail - Drugs.com
... antivenin (crotalidae) polyvalent). Includes common and rare side effects information for consumers and healthcare ... Learn about the potential side effects of Antivenin Polyvalent ( ... Some side effects of Antivenin Polyvalent may not be reported. ... Applies to antivenin (crotalidae) polyvalent: intravenous powder for solution. Along with its needed effects, antivenin ( ... Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking antivenin (crotalidae) ...
Funnel Web Spider Envenomation Medication: Antivenin, Anticholinergic Agent
Which medications in the drug class Antivenins are used in the treatment of Snakebite?
AntiveninsAvailable antivenin in the United States include Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab Ovine (CroFab; FabAV) and ... Antivenins. Available antivenin in the United States include Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab Ovine (CroFab; FabAV) and ... Wyeth® Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (Equine Origin) North American Coral Snake Antivenin [package insert] [package insert]. ... Antivenin and fasciotomy/debridement in the treatment of the severe rattlesnake bite. Am J Surg. 1989 Dec. 158 (6):543-7. [ ...
Antivenin (micrurus fulvius) - brand name list from Drugs.com
Find information on antivenin (micrurus fulvius) use, treatment, drug class and molecular formula. ... Lists the various brand names available for medicines containing antivenin (micrurus fulvius). ... antivenin (micrurus fulvius) systemic. Drug class(es): antitoxins and antivenins. Antivenin (micrurus fulvius) systemic is used ... Antivenin (micrurus fulvius). Important: The information below refers to medicines available in the United States that contain ...
Antivenin (Latrodectus Mactans) (Injection Route) Before Using - Mayo Clinic
Information about this antivenin-latrodectus-mactans-injection-route. Pregnancy Category. Explanation. All Trimesters. C. ... suggesting that antivenin should be given as a preferred initial therapy . ... studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of antivenin ... studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of antivenin ...
Antivenin (Micrurus Fulvius) (Intravenous Route) Proper Use - Mayo Clinic
Antivenin. Descriptions. North American coral snake antivenin belongs to a group of medicines known as immunizing agents. It is ... The severity of the symptoms and the length of the sickness depend on the amount of North American coral snake antivenin you ... For up to 24 days after you have received North American coral snake antivenin, you may develop symptoms of a side effect ... Although there is no specific information comparing use of North American coral snake antivenin in the elderly with use in ...
Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans): Pediatric Medication | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this medicine or any other medicine. Only the healthcare provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for a specific patient. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about this medicine. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this medicine. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from the healthcare provider. You must talk with the healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this medicine ...
Rattlesnake Antivenin (Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses
Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent) may treat, uses, dosage, side effects, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, ... Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent, Wyeth (hereinafter referred to as Antivenin) contains protective substances capable of ... home drugs a-z list side effects drug center rattlesnake antivenin (antivenin (crotalidae) polyvalent) drug ... However, serious immediate reactions to Antivenin are rare. In skin-test-negative patients, Antivenin caused a true immediate ...
Florida Antivenin Bank
The Miami-Dade Fire Rescue Antivenin Bank (formerly the Florida Antivenin Bank, Inc.) is located in Miami, Florida. As of Sept ... If the proper antivenin is stored by the Miami Dade Fire Rescue Antivenin Bank, it will be sent immediately to your location, ... PROCEDURE FOR ACQUIRING ANTIVENIN: If you have an envenomation emergency, you should call the number above. ... The cost of the antivenin and shipping will be billed to the patient through the hospital that administers it. ...
IRAN SENDING SNAKE ANTIVENIN FOR UTAHN|BR|
SERUMS ALSO COMING FROM USSR, LONDON | Deseret News
Black Widow Spider Antivenin for Patients With Systemic Latrodectism - Study Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
Antivenin Latrodectus (Black Widow) Equine Immune F(ab)2. Antivenin Latrodectus (Black Widow) Equine Immune F(ab)2 ... Antivenin Latrodectus (Black Widow) Equine Immune F(ab)2. Antivenin Latrodectus (Black Widow) Equine Immune F(ab)2 ... Black Widow Spider Antivenin for Patients With Systemic Latrodectism (BWSP3). The safety and scientific validity of this study ... Antivenin Latrodectus (Black Widow) Equine Immune F(ab)2 Normal Saline Total ...
kingsnake blog Kingsnake.com Blog - Is antivenin manufacturer ripping off snakebite victims?
Then the bill for the antivenin that saved his life took another. From the Washington Post: The bulk of his hospital bill - $ ... Nobody expects antivenin to be cheap. But $83,000?. Theres currently only one commercially available antivenin for treating ... Specifically, charges for the antivenin used to treat the bite. KGTV reports that Fassler depleted the antivenin supplies at ... Then the bill for the antivenin that saved his life took another.. From the Washington Post:. The bulk of his hospital bill - $ ...
Leki refundowane - Cena i zamienniki leku Antivenin
Agoura Hills girl, 4, bitten by rattlesnake; wound on foot requires 19 vials of antivenin
Leki refundowane - Cena i zamienniki leku Antivenin Injection
Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (By injection) | Lima Memorial Health System
Heterologous Antisera and Antivenins Are Essential Biologicals: Perspectives on a Worldwide Crisis | Annals of Internal...
Heterologous Antisera and Antivenins Are Essential Biologicals: Perspectives on a Worldwide Crisis Henry Wilde, MD; Penmas ... The most important of these are human or equine antisera against rabies, tetanus, diphtheria, and snake antivenins. Homologous ... Wilde H, Thipkong P, Sitprija V, Chaiyabutr N. Heterologous Antisera and Antivenins Are Essential Biologicals: Perspectives on ...
DailyMed - NORTH AMERICAN CORAL SNAKE ANTIVENIN (EQUINE) (coral snake (micrurus fulvius) immune globulin antivenin- equine...
North American coral snake antivenin in 10 ML Injection. PSN. 2. 1858981. North American coral snake antivenin 250 UNT ... North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) is a horse-derived antivenin indicated for the treatment of envenomation caused ... See full prescribing information for North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine).. North American Coral Snake Antivenin ( ... NORTH AMERICAN CORAL SNAKE ANTIVENIN (EQUINE) coral snake (micrurus fulvius) immune globulin antivenin (equine) injection, ...
Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (By injection) | Drug Notes | Health Information | St. Luke's Hospital
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Antigen-Antibody Relations in the Present Antivenin Production of...
The local actions of the Bothrops venoms are not inhibited by the antivenins. Antivenin production in Brazil should be limited ... The titer of the antivenins is sufficient to cure average snake bites in this country, except those caused by the rattlesnake, ... The more toxic venoms were better neutralized than the weaker ones, whereas the antivenins obtained by immunizations with the ... fixed antivenin doses being applied immediately after the injection of varying venom doses at the same site. The neutralizing ...
Antivenin for the Treatment of Local Tissue Damage Due to Envenomation by Southeast Asian Snakes | The American Journal of...
Antivenins were more effective when injected immediately after venom injection or mixed with venom before injection. When the ... Intravenous injection of antivenin was more effective in preventing death than intramuscular injection. ... Abstract Antivenins currently used in Southeast Asia to treat snake-bite were administered to mice to determine their ... antivenin was given 10 and 30 minutes later, its effectiveness was reduced accordingly. ...
Antivenin | definition of antivenin by Medical dictionary
... antivenin explanation free. What is antivenin? Meaning of antivenin medical term. What does antivenin mean? ... Looking for online definition of antivenin in the Medical Dictionary? ... North American coral snake antivenin antivenin (Micrurus fulvius).. polyvalent crotaline antivenin antivenin (Crotalidae) ... black widow spider antivenin antivenin (Latrodectus mactans).. antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent a serum containing specific ...
antivenin (micrurus fulvius) Intravenous - patient information, description, dosage and directions.
Description of the drug antivenin (micrurus fulvius) Intravenous. - patient information, description, dosage and directions. ... Proper Use of antivenin (micrurus fulvius). Dosing. The dose of antivenin (micrurus fulvius) will be different for different ... Uses For antivenin (micrurus fulvius). North American coral snake antivenin belongs to a group of medicines known as immunizing ... For antivenin (micrurus fulvius), the following should be considered:. Allergies. Tell your doctor if you have ever had any ...
Latrodectus antivenin - AdisInsight
Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) (Injection route)
Black widow spider antivenin belongs to a group of medicines known as immunizing agents. It is used to treat patients with ... Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) (Injection route). Pronunciation:. an-tee-VEN-in (lat-roe-DEK-tus MAK-tans) ... suggesting that antivenin should be given as a preferred initial therapy . ... studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of antivenin ...
International Therapeutic Proteins - Tasmanian anti-toxins, antivenins, antivenoms & biologics
NDC 0006-5424 Antivenin Latrodectus Mactans
The generic name of Antivenin is latrodectus mactans. ... Antivenin with NDC 0006-5424 is a a plasma derivative product ... One unit of Antivenin will neutralize one average mouse lethal dose of black widow spider venom when the Antivenin and the ... Antivenin must be stored and shipped at 2-8°C (36-46°F). When reconstituted as directed, the color of Antivenin ranges from ... Although one dose of Antivenin usually is adequate, a second dose may be necessary in some cases.Antivenin also may be given ...
Received North American coralMicrurusVenomsLatrodectus mactansVenomEquineAntivenomEnvenomationTherapeuticIntravenousBlack widowVialHorse serumCrotalidae PolyvalentAntibodiesEnvenomationsCroFabVenomousSnakebiteDosageRattlesnakeCommercially availableVialsSnakebitesPatientsSnakesHorsesCoralGeriatricAnaphylaxisSpeciesSeverePhospholipaseHospitalsPoisonousDoses
Received North American coral1
- For up to 24 days after you have received North American coral snake antivenin, you may develop symptoms of a side effect called serum sickness. (mayoclinic.org)
Micrurus6
- The information below refers to medicines available in the United States that contain antivenin (micrurus fulvius). (drugs.com)
- North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) is indicated only for the treatment of envenomation caused by bites of North American coral snakes - Micrurus (including the eastern and Texas varieties). (nih.gov)
- antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) a serum containing specific venom-neutralizing globulins, produced by immunization of horses with venom of the eastern coral snake (M. fulvius) . (thefreedictionary.com)
- Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to antivenin (micrurus fulvius) or any other medicines. (drugster.info)
- The dose of antivenin (micrurus fulvius) will be different for different patients. (drugster.info)
- The following information includes only the average doses of antivenin (micrurus fulvius). (drugster.info)
Venoms5
- The therapeutic action of 11 Brazilian antivenins (2 polyvalent, 1 bivalent, 8 monovalent) against the venoms of 10 Brazilian snake species was assayed in 2989 subcutaneous mouse tests, fixed antivenin doses being applied immediately after the injection of varying venom doses at the same site. (ajtmh.org)
- The more toxic venoms were better neutralized than the weaker ones, whereas the antivenins obtained by immunizations with the weaker venoms were more potent than the sera derived from the stronger venoms. (ajtmh.org)
- The local actions of the Bothrops venoms are not inhibited by the antivenins. (ajtmh.org)
- antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent a serum containing specific venom-neutralizing globulins, produced by immunizing horses with venoms of the fer-de-lance and the western, eastern, and tropical rattlesnakes, used for treatment of envenomation by most pit vipers throughout the world. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Antivenins against the venoms of most poisonous snakes, spiders and stinging fish and other aquatic species are available, but only in those areas in which the poisonous species occurs. (thefreedictionary.com)
Latrodectus mactans5
- black widow spider antivenin antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) . (thefreedictionary.com)
- antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) a serum containing specific venom-neutralizing globulins, prepared by immunizing horses against venom of the black widow spider (L. mactans) . (thefreedictionary.com)
- Antivenin with NDC 0006-5424 is a a plasma derivative product labeled by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.. The generic name of Antivenin is latrodectus mactans. (ndclist.com)
- Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) is a sterile, non-pyrogenic preparation derived by drying a frozen solution of specific venom-neutralizing globulins obtained from the blood serum of healthy horses immunized against venom of black widow spiders (Latrodectus mactans). (ndclist.com)
- It is standardized by biological assay on mice, in terms of one dose of Antivenin neutralizing the venom in not less than 6000 mouse LD50 of Latrodectus mactans. (ndclist.com)
Venom11
- The neutralizing effect was measured planimetrically by the area between the mortality curves obtained by venom alone and by venom + antivenin and expressed in milligrams and mean lethal doses. (ajtmh.org)
- Antivenins were more effective when injected immediately after venom injection or mixed with venom before injection. (ajtmh.org)
- One unit of Antivenin will neutralize one average mouse lethal dose of black widow spider venom when the Antivenin and the venom are injected simultaneously in mice under suitable conditions. (ndclist.com)
- North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) specifically binds to and neutralizes coral snake venom. (pfizermedicalinformation.ca)
- North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) is standardized for potency in mice in terms of its LD 50 neutralizing capacity per milliliter as determined by intravenous injection of a graded series of mixtures of North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) with M. f. fulvius venom. (pfizermedicalinformation.ca)
- The results of cross-neutralization tests indicate that North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) will neutralize the venom of M. fulvius tenere (Texas coral snake) but will not neutralize the venom of Micruroides euryxanthus (Arizona or Sonoran coral snake). (pfizermedicalinformation.ca)
- The greatest antivenin effect of MEBT was found against Japanese mamushi snake venom. (nctu.edu.tw)
- Antivenin neutralizes the black widow's venom. (webmd.com)
- The isolated curcuma dialdehyde was found active in vitro and in vivo for antivenin activity against the King cobra venom. (aston.ac.uk)
- To produce antivenin, scientists inject horses with small, non-lethal doses of venom. (pbs.org)
- The only specific treatment method is antivenin - serum with antibodies against antigens of snake venom. (mdpi.com)
Equine14
- The most important of these are human or equine antisera against rabies, tetanus, diphtheria, and snake antivenins. (annals.org)
- These highlights do not include all the information needed to use North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) safely and effectively. (nih.gov)
- See full prescribing information for North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine). (nih.gov)
- Do not administer North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) prophylactically to asymptomatic patients. (nih.gov)
- Patients sensitive to North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) or horse serum may develop anaphylaxis. (nih.gov)
- Prior to intravenous North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) administration consider performing a proper skin test and modify therapy if indicated. (nih.gov)
- Pry off the small metal disc in the cap over the diaphragms of the vials of North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) and remove cap from diluent vials. (nih.gov)
- Withdraw 10 mL diluent (Sterile Water for Injection, USP) using a sterile syringe and needle, and insert the needle through the stopper of the vacuum-containing vial of North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine). (nih.gov)
- The vacuum in the North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) vial will pull the diluent out of the syringe into the vial. (nih.gov)
- There have been no well-controlled clinical studies of the use of North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) in patients experiencing envenomation by the Eastern Coral Snake, however a retrospective analysis 3 has been published of 387 coral snake exposures treated in a healthcare facility in Florida between 1998 and 2010, including 252 patients who were treated with North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine). (pfizermedicalinformation.nl)
- Adverse reactions associated with North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) administration were documented in 46 (18.25%) cases. (pfizermedicalinformation.nl)
- Patients who receive a course of treatment with a foreign protein such as North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) may become sensitized to it. (pfizermedicalinformation.com.br)
- Therefore, use caution when administering a repeat course of treatment with North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) for a subsequent envenomation episode. (pfizermedicalinformation.com.br)
- ANAVIP [Crotalidae Immune F(ab')2 (Equine)] is an equine-derived antivenin indicated for the management of adult and pediatric patients with North American rattlesnake envenomation. (anavip-us.com)
Antivenom1
- There are two types of antivenin (sometimes called 'antivenom') in use today. (desertusa.com)
Envenomation5
- Indications for antivenin use in crotalid envenomation include significant or progressive local tissue findings, hematologic laboratory abnormalities, and/or evidence of systemic toxicity (eg, airway swelling, neurological toxicity, cardiovascular collapse). (medscape.com)
- Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab is an affinity-purified, mixed monospecific Crotalidae antivenin indicated for the treatment of envenomation caused by North American pit vipers. (medscape.com)
- Antivenin is indicated only for the treatment of envenomation caused by bites of those crotalids (pit vipers) specified in the immediately preceding paragraph. (rxlist.com)
- Antivenins currently used in Southeast Asia to treat snake-bite were administered to mice to determine their effectiveness in the prevention of local tissue damage after envenomation. (ajtmh.org)
- 3 (65.8 %) did not receive antivenin while most patients who did receive antivenin (70.5 %) had SSS ≤ 3 (indicating mild envenomation). (bvsalud.org)
Therapeutic1
- From its manufacturing base in the remote but temperate location of Tasmania, International Therapeutic Proteins supplies anti-toxins and snake antivenins / antivenoms and other biologics to corporate and government clients worldwide. (itproteins.com)
Intravenous1
- Intravenous injection of antivenin was more effective in preventing death than intramuscular injection. (ajtmh.org)
Black widow2
- Black widow spider antivenin belongs to a group of medicines known as immunizing agents. (allinahealth.org)
- Black widow spider bite therapy requires only a single 2.5ml vial of Lactrodectus antivenin. (healthcentral.com)
Vial3
- The antivenin costs hospitals roughly $2,300 per vial, according to Bloomberg, with a typical dose requiring four to six vials. (kingsnake.com)
- Treating such bites can be expensive, with a single vial of antivenin costing up to $5,000. (dailynews.com)
- When constituted as specified, it is opalescent, ranging in color from light (straw) to very dark (iced tea), and contains not more than 20.0 percent of solids.Each vial contains not less than 6000 Antivenin units. (ndclist.com)
Horse serum2
- Specific antivenin (Antivenin Lactrodectus Mactans) is derived from horse serum. (healthcentral.com)
- Assessment of horse serum sensitivity is essential prior to antivenin use. (healthcentral.com)
Crotalidae Polyvalent6
- This document contains side effect information about antivenin (crotalidae) polyvalent. (drugs.com)
- Along with its needed effects, antivenin (crotalidae) polyvalent (the active ingredient contained in Antivenin Polyvalent) may cause some unwanted effects. (drugs.com)
- Some side effects of antivenin (crotalidae) polyvalent may occur that usually do not need medical attention. (drugs.com)
- Crofab (antivenin (crotalidae) polyvalent)" Savage Laboratories, Melville, NY. (drugs.com)
- Abstract Background Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) (FabAV) antivenin is commonly recommended after pit viper snakebites . (bvsalud.org)
- Antivenins against pit vipers used in the United States are Antivenin Crotalidae Polyvalent (ACP) and a more purified and hence causing less adverse reactions - Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (CroFab). (mdpi.com)
Antibodies1
- Eventually, samples of the horse's blood are collected, and the antibodies within are extracted and processed into commercial formulations of antivenin. (pbs.org)
Envenomations2
- There is only one FDA-approved antivenin for native coral snake envenomations. (medscape.com)
- A randomized clinical trial of FabAV use in copperhead envenomations demonstrated that even mild bites recover faster when treated with antivenin. (medscape.com)
CroFab3
- Her daughter was saved by CroFab, a snake antivenin made by Protherics PLC, a British drug company that has recently become the main snakebite antidote manufacturer in the U.S. (newson6.com)
- Dart said 95 percent of the antivenin used in the U.S. in 2004 was CroFab, which became available on the commercial market in 2001 after Protherics won FDA approval to sell the drug. (newson6.com)
- There's currently only one commercially available antivenin for treating venomous snakebites in the United States -- CroFab, manufactured by U.K.-based BTG plc. (kingsnake.com)
Venomous1
- It is suggested that in addition to the monospecific anti-Vipera palaestinae, a polyspecific antivenin be prepared against the clinically most important venomous snakes of the region, namely, Echis coloratus, Pseudocerastes fieldi, Cerastes cerastes, Walterinnesia aegyptia, and Atractaspis engaddensis. (biomedsearch.com)
Snakebite5
- Which medications in the drug class Antivenins are used in the treatment of Snakebite? (medscape.com)
- Most hospitals do not keep NACSAV in stock, and it may be necessary to contact poison control or a regional snakebite expert for dosing instructions and to locate the antivenin or a suitable alternative. (medscape.com)
- Is antivenin manufacturer ripping off snakebite victims? (kingsnake.com)
- FabAV antivenin use after copperhead snakebite: clinically indicated or knee-jerk reaction? (bvsalud.org)
- Conclusions Considerable variation occurs in antivenin administration after copperhead snakebite . (bvsalud.org)
Dosage1
- Some of the dosage forms listed on this page may not apply to the brand name Antivenin Polyvalent. (drugs.com)
Rattlesnake2
- A 4-year-old girl remained hospitalized Wednesday after a rattlesnake bit her on the bottom of her foot, requiring 19 vials of antivenin. (dailynews.com)
- The titer of the antivenins is sufficient to cure average snake bites in this country, except those caused by the rattlesnake, but is often too low for severe cases. (ajtmh.org)
Commercially available1
- Antivenin may not be commercially available at most pharmacies. (medscape.com)
Vials1
- If the bite is verified, and if the situation is life-threatening, they will ship antivenin, but Teller said exotic snake antivenin is rare and expensive, meaning if they hand out their vials, they put themselves at risk. (blogspot.com)
Snakebites2
- Federal officials turned to Protherics for antivenin to treat the increase in snakebites that followed hurricanes Katrina and Rita when rain and floodwaters drove cottonmouths, copperheads and rattlesnakes from their natural habitats. (newson6.com)
- A Surrey man who nearly lost his finger after a bite from his pet cobra is now home recovering, but B.C. health officials are warning the province has no supply of antivenin for exotic snakebites. (blogspot.com)
Patients3
- Debra Kent, the supervisor of the B.C. Poison Control Centre, told CBC News that even if a hospital does have antivenin, doctors won't necessarily administer it to patients, because it is only effective in limited situations. (blogspot.com)
- Antivenin is rarely indicated, usually only for the very young or elderly patients who do not respond to initial measures. (healthcentral.com)
- This practice may expose patients to the risks of antivenin and increasing costs of medical care without improving outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
Snakes3
- Antivenin production in Brazil should be limited to two types: polyvalent against the species of Bothrops, Lachesis, Crotalus , and generically monovalent against the coral snakes. (ajtmh.org)
- Michael Teller, the manager at the Woodland Zoo, told CBC News on Friday they have antivenin for all their poisonous snakes and they do get calls for incidents like Hansen's occasionally. (blogspot.com)
- A recent study [ 8 ] in 118 health facilities throughout Uganda revealed that only 4% of the facilities stocked antivenin sera, thus most victims rarely seek medical care when bitten by snakes. (biomedcentral.com)
Horses1
- You should not receive this medicine if you have had an allergic reaction to antivenin, or if you have any history of allergy to horses or any products that come from horses. (limamemorial.org)
Coral6
- North American coral snake antivenin belongs to a group of medicines known as immunizing agents. (mayoclinic.org)
- North American coral snake antivenin is to be used only by or under the supervision of a doctor. (mayoclinic.org)
- Studies show that children tolerate North American coral snake antivenin better than do adults. (mayoclinic.org)
- Therefore, children may require larger doses of North American coral snake antivenin than do adults. (mayoclinic.org)
- Although there is no specific information comparing use of North American coral snake antivenin in the elderly with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults. (mayoclinic.org)
- The severity of the symptoms and the length of the sickness depend on the amount of North American coral snake antivenin you were given and how long the treatment lasted. (mayoclinic.org)
Geriatric1
- Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of antivenin injection in the elderly. (mayoclinic.org)
Anaphylaxis1
- Although rare, severe hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis to antivenin are possible. (wikipedia.org)
Species2
- Many B.C. hospitals carry antivenin for bites from rattlesnakes, a species native to parts of B.C.'s Southern Interior, but they don't stock antivenin for non-native species such as cobras, said Kent. (blogspot.com)
- Specific, local antivenins are available against only two of the species, while against others regional or European preparations are used. (biomedsearch.com)
Severe1
- In the most severe cases, your doctor may inject you with antivenin. (webmd.com)
Phospholipase1
- The antivenin activity of MEBT is due to chelating of Ca++ and non-specific binding of phospholipase A2. (nctu.edu.tw)
Hospitals1
- KGTV reports that Fassler depleted the antivenin supplies at two local hospitals during his five-day visit. (kingsnake.com)
Poisonous1
- Then he sells the poisonous liquid both to medical researchers and to the pharmaceutical companies that make antivenin, the antidote for snake bites. (pbs.org)
Doses1
- Therefore, children may need larger doses of pit viper antivenin than do adults. (pharmacypedia.org)