Antitussive agents. Medical search

Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.

Dibenzoquinolines derived in plants from (S)-reticuline (BENZYLISOQUINOLINES).

Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.

A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.

Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.

Hard or soft soluble containers used for the oral administration of medicine.

A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).

A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.

Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

The interactions between physician and patient.

Those individuals engaged in research.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.

A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.

A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility.

A colloidal system of semisolid hydrocarbons obtained from PETROLEUM. It is used as an ointment base, topical protectant, and lubricant.

Medicines that can be sold legally without a DRUG PRESCRIPTION.

Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may be divided into three major categories: DYSSOMNIAS (i.e. disorders characterized by insomnia or hypersomnia), PARASOMNIAS (abnormal sleep behaviors), and sleep disorders secondary to medical or psychiatric disorders. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)

Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.

Stable gallium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element gallium, but differ in atomic weight. Ga-71 is a stable gallium isotope.

Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.

Spectrophotometric techniques by which the absorption or emmision spectra of radiation from atoms are produced and analyzed.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

A sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.

Sweet food products combining cane or beet sugars with other carbohydrates and chocolate, milk, eggs, and various flavorings. In the United States, candy refers to both sugar- and cocoa-based confections and is differentiated from sweetened baked goods; elsewhere the terms sugar confectionary, chocolate confectionary, and flour confectionary (meaning goods such as cakes and pastries) are used.

Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.

A general state of sluggishness, listless, or uninterested, with being tired, and having difficulty concentrating and doing simple tasks. It may be related to DEPRESSION or DRUG ADDICTION.

Drugs designed and synthesized, often for illegal street use, by modification of existing drug structures (e.g., amphetamines). Of special interest are MPTP (a reverse ester of meperidine), MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine), and MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Many drugs act on the aminergic system, the physiologically active biogenic amines.

A DNA-binding protein that interacts with methylated CPG ISLANDS. It plays a role in repressing GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and is frequently mutated in RETT SYNDROME.

An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199)

Areas of increased density of the dinucleotide sequence cytosine--phosphate diester--guanine. They form stretches of DNA several hundred to several thousand base pairs long. In humans there are about 45,000 CpG islands, mostly found at the 5' ends of genes. They are unmethylated except for those on the inactive X chromosome and some associated with imprinted genes.

Software used to locate data or information stored in machine-readable form locally or at a distance such as an INTERNET site.

Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.

Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.

Nucleoproteins, which in contrast to HISTONES, are acid insoluble. They are involved in chromosomal functions; e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens.

Drugs designed to treat inflammation of the nasal passages, generally the result of an infection (more often than not the common cold) or an allergy related condition, e.g., hay fever. The inflammation involves swelling of the mucous membrane that lines the nasal passages and results in inordinate mucus production. The primary class of nasal decongestants are vasoconstrictor agents. (From PharmAssist, The Family Guide to Health and Medicine, 1993)

A class of non-sedating drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors (DRUG INVERSE AGONISM), thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. These antihistamines represent a heterogenous group of compounds with differing chemical structures, adverse effects, distribution, and metabolism. Compared to the early (first generation) antihistamines, these non-sedating antihistamines have greater receptor specificity, lower penetration of BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER, and are less likely to cause drowsiness or psychomotor impairment.

A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.

Ratio of output to effort, or the ratio of effort produced to energy expended.

The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.

Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.

Pharmacological studies on root bark of mulberry tree (Morus alba L.) (1/196)

Pharmacological studies were done on the root bark of mulberry tree and pharmacological effects were compared with the clinical effects of "Sohakuhi" in Chinese medicine. n-Butanol- and water-soluble fractions of mulberry root had similar effects except for those on the cadiovascular system. Both fractions showed cathartic, analgesic, diuretic, antitussive, antiedema, sedative, anticonvulsant, and hypotensive actions in mice, rats, guinea pigs and dogs. There appears to be a correlation between the experimental pharmacological results and the clinical applications of mulberry root found in the literature on Chinese medicine. (+info)

Influence of central antitussive drugs on the cough motor pattern. (2/196)

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of administration of centrally active antitussive drugs on the cough motor pattern. Electromyograms of diaphragm and rectus abdominis muscles were recorded in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats. Cough was produced by mechanical stimulation of the intrathoracic trachea. Centrally acting drugs administered included codeine, morphine, dextromethorphan, baclofen, CP-99,994, and SR-48,968. Intravertebral artery administration of all drugs reduced cough number (number of coughs per stimulus trial) and rectus abdominis burst amplitude in a dose-dependent manner. Codeine, dextromethorphan, CP-99,994, SR-48,968, and baclofen had no effect on cough cycle timing (CTtot) or diaphragm amplitude during cough, even at doses that inhibited cough number by 80-90%. Morphine lengthened CTtot and inhibited diaphragm amplitude during cough, but these effects were not dose dependent. Only CP-99,994 altered the eupneic respiratory pattern. Central antitussive drugs primarily suppress cough by inhibition of expiratory motor drive and cough number. CTtot and inspiratory motor drive are relatively insensitive to the effects of these drugs. CTtot can be controlled independently from cough number. (+info)

Sigmoidal kinetics of CYP3A substrates: an approach for scaling dextromethorphan metabolism in hepatic microsomes and isolated hepatocytes to predict in vivo clearance in rat. (3/196)

The metabolism of a number of compounds by the cytochrome P-450 subfamily CYP3A does not exhibit classic Michaelis-Menten kinetics but displays a sigmoidal rate-substrate concentration relationship. Intrinsic clearance (CLint) cannot be calculated for these drugs due to the lack of a first order region in their kinetic profiles, and a suitable parameter has yet to be identified to allow such data to be scaled to predict in vivo clearance. As sigmoidal kinetics have only been observed with microsomal systems, we have investigated whether this behavior is demonstrable in freshly isolated hepatocytes. We have also evaluated the term maximum clearance (CLmax), which refers to the in vitro clearance when the enzyme is fully activated, to predict in vivo clearance. To these ends we have studied the metabolism of dextromethorphan to methoxymorphinan and dextrorphan; methoxymorphinan production is best described by sigmoidal kinetics in both hepatocytes and microsomes, dextrorphan production is best described by a two site Michaelis-Menten model in microsomes but is sigmoidal in hepatocytes. Total clearance, estimated from the CLmax and CLint terms, was scaled to give mean predictions of 127 to 319 ml/min/standard rat weight of 250 g. In vivo CLint, determined after infusion via the hepatic portal vein to steady state and correcting for plasma protein binding and blood-to-plasma concentration ratio, was 259 +/- 59.2 ml/min/standard rat weight of 250 g. These investigations show that sigmoidal kinetics is not unique to microsomes and that CLmax is a useful parameter for scaling to the in vivo situation. (+info)

Characterization of cytochrome P-450 2D1 activity in rat brain: high-affinity kinetics for dextromethorphan. (4/196)

We investigated the enzymatic function, stability, and regional distribution of rat brain cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2D1 activity. CYP2D1 is the homolog of human CYP2D6, a genetically variable enzyme that activates or inactivates many clinical drugs acting on the central nervous system (e.g., antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, serotonin uptake inhibitors, and neuroleptics), drugs of abuse (e.g., amphetamine and codeine), neurotoxins (e.g., 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydroquinoline), and endogenous neurochemicals (e.g., tryptamine). The CYP2D family has been identified in rodent, canine, and primate brain. Conversion of dextromethorphan to dextrorphan by rat brain membranes was assayed by HPLC and was dependent on NADPH, protein concentration, and incubation time. Significant loss of activity was observed in some homogenizing buffers and after freezing of whole tissues or membrane preparations. Dextromethorphan (0.5-640 microM) metabolism was mediated by high- and low-affinity enzyme systems; K(m1) was 2.7 +/- 2.6 and K(m2) was 757 +/- 156 microM (n = 3 rats, mean +/- S.E.). The enzyme activity was significantly (p <.01) and stereoselectively inhibited by CYP2D1 inhibitors quinine and quinidine (not by CYP2C or CYP3A inhibitors), and by anti-CYP2D6 peptide antiserum (not by anti-CYP2C, -CYP2B, or -CYP3A antibodies). The enzymatic activity demonstrated significant brain regional variation (n = 10 regions, p <.001). These data characterize CYP2D1-mediated dextromethorphan metabolism in rat brain and suggest that localized metabolism of other CYP2D1 substrates (drugs, neurotoxins, and possibly endogenous compounds) within the brain will occur. In humans, CYP2D6 is genetically polymorphic; the variable expression of brain CYP2D6 may result in interindividual differences in central drug and neurotoxin metabolism, possibly contributing to interindividual differences in drug effects and neurotoxicity. (+info)

The role of codeine phosphate premedication in fibre-optic bronchoscopy under insufficient local anaesthesia and midazolam sedation. (5/196)

Midazolam is widely used as a sedative agent to produce amnesia in patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy. However, if a patient does not receive sufficient local anaesthesia, continuous severe cough and physical movement may interrupt the procedure and reduce its safety. We therefore examined whether codeine phosphate is a useful premedication for bronchoscopy. The study design was a randomized comparison between codeine phosphate and a placebo in patients undergoing light local anaesthesia and midazolam sedation. We used low dose local anaesthesia (5 ml of nebulized 2% xylocaine) on the assumption of insufficient local anaesthesia. Patients were allocated to receive codeine phosphate 0.4 mg kg-1 or a saline placebo 60 min before they were sedated with i.v. midazolam. If the patients exhibited severe cough during bronchoscopy, intrabronchial supplemental local anaesthesia (2% xylocaine solution in 1 ml increments) was instilled via a bronchoscope to the trachea and segmental bronchi to suppress the cough. The dose of supplemental xylocaine was assessed and the requirements were significantly lower in the codeine group compared to the placebo group: 36.4 +/- 10.2 mg vs. 95.1 +/- 24.6 mg, respectively. After bronchoscopy, patients were interviewed by a doctor to assess their willingness to undergo a repeat procedure if one was clinically indicated, but no significant difference was observed between the two groups. If local anaesthesia is insufficient, midazolam together with codeine phosphate premedication is useful for both the patient and the bronchoscopist. (+info)

The antitussive effect of dextromethorphan in relation to CYP2D6 activity. (6/196)

AIMS: To test the hypothesis that inhibition of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by quinidine increases the antitussive effect of dextromethorphan (DEX) in an induced cough model. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy extensive metaboliser phenotypes for CYP2D6 were studied according to a double-blind, randomised cross-over design after administration of: (1) Placebo antitussive preceded at 1 h by placebo inhibitor; (2) 30 mg oral DEX preceded at 1 h by placebo inhibitor (DEX30); (3) 60 mg oral DEX preceded at 1 h by placebo inhibitor (DEX60); (4) 30 mg oral DEX preceded at 1 h by 50 mg oral quinidine sulphate (QDEX30). Cough frequency following inhalation of 10% citric acid was measured at baseline and at intervals up to 12 h. Plasma concentrations of DEX and its metabolites were measured up to 96 h by h.p.l.c. RESULTS: Inhibition of CYP2D6 by quinidine caused a significant increase in the mean ratio of DEX to dextrorphan (DEX:DOR) plasma AUC(96) (0.04 vs 1.81, P<0.001). The mean (+/-s.d.) decrements in cough frequency below baseline over 12 h (AUEC) were: 8% (11), 17% (14.5), 25% (16.2) and 25% (16.9) for placebo, DEX30, DEX60 and QDEX30 treatments, respectively. Statistically significant differences in antitussive effect were detected for the contrasts between DEX60/placebo (P<0.001; 95% CI of difference +80, +327) and QDEX30/placebo (P<0.001, +88, +336), but not for DEX30/placebo, DEX30/DEX60 or DEX30/QDEX30 (P=0.071, -7, +241; P=0.254, -37, +211; P=0.187, -29, +219, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A significant antitussive effect was demonstrated after 60 mg dextromethorphan and 30 mg dextromethorphan preceded by 50 mg quinidine using an induced cough model. However, although the study was powered to detect a 10% difference in cough response, the observed differences for other contrasts were less than 10%, such that it was possible only to imply a dose effect (30 vs 60 mg) in the antitussive activity of DEX and enhancement of this effect by CYP2D6 inhibition. (+info)

Dextromethorphan. Extrapolation of findings from reproductive studies in animals to humans. (7/196)

QUESTION: One of my patients, who is now 8 weeks pregnant, just read in the newspaper that dextromethorphan (DM), an antitussive found in a variety of cough medicines, caused birth defects in chicken embryos. The author of the study stated that even one dose could be dangerous and that he would never allow his wife to use this drug if she were pregnant. My patient was understandably very concerned because last week she was suffering from a nasty cough and had been advised by her pharmacist to use a cough mixture containing DM, which she subsequently took for several days. ANSWER: You may reassure your patient that she did not put her baby at risk by using this substance. Dextromethorphan has been on the market for many years and has never been implicated as a human teratogen. Furthermore, chick embryos are not a good model for predicting teratogenic potential in humans and, consequently, were abandoned as such more than 30 years ago. (+info)

Effect of oral mexiletine on the cough response to capsaicin and tartaric acid. (8/196)

BACKGROUND: The effect of the orally active local anaesthetic mexiletine on the cough response to two different tussive agents, a C-fibre ending stimulator capsaicin and a chemostimulant tartaric acid, was examined in normal subjects. METHODS: The cough threshold, defined as the lowest concentration of capsaicin (C(5)-CP) or tartaric acid (C(5)-TA) causing five or more coughs, and histamine induced bronchoconstriction were measured three hours after a single oral dose of 300 mg mexiletine or placebo in 14 normal subjects. RESULTS: Mexiletene in a mean (SE) serum concentration of 0.99 (0. 04) microg/ml significantly increased C(5)-TA from a geometric mean (SE) of 32.0 (1.27) mg/ml with placebo to 49.9 (1.34) mg/ml, but C(5)-CP did not differ significantly between treatment with mexiletine (12.2 (1.33) microM) and placebo (14.9 (1.23) microM). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the cough response to capsaicin and tartaric acid may be mediated in part via different neural pathways. (+info)

This agent is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects. Noscapine is often used as an antitussive ... Church J, Jones MG, Davies SN, Lodge D (June 1989). "Antitussive agents as N-methylaspartate antagonists: further studies". Can ... Noscapine's antitussive effects appear to be primarily mediated by its σ-receptor agonist activity. Evidence for this mechanism ... Pretreatment with rimcazole, a σ-specific antagonist, causes a dose-dependent reduction in antitussive activity of noscapine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noscapine

"Objective evaluation of dextromethorphan and glaucine as antitussive agents". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 17 (5 ... and is used medically as an antitussive in some countries. Glaucine may produce side effects such as sedation, fatigue, and a ... "Detection of the pharmaceutical agent glaucine as a recreational drug". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 64 (5): 553- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucium_flavum

"Objective evaluation of dextromethorphan and glaucine as antitussive agents". Br J Clin Pharmacol. 17 (5): 521-524. doi:10.1111 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceilings_of_the_Natural_History_Museum,_London

It is currently used as an antitussive agent in Iceland, as well as Romania, Bulgaria, Russia and other eastern European ... "Objective evaluation of dextromethorphan and glaucine as antitussive agents". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 17 (5 ... May 2008). "Detection of the pharmaceutical agent glaucine as a recreational drug". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. ... and is used medically as an antitussive in some countries. Glaucine may produce side effects such as sedation, fatigue, and a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucine

Hougs W, Nielsen IM, Norn S, Nymark M (1966). "Pharmacology of a new antitussive agent: meprotixol (N 7020)". Acta ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meprotixol

Schenker H (April 1983). "[Efficacy of morclofon, an new synthetic antitussive agent, in geriatric patients. Results of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morclofone

Clinical comparison of butamirate citrate with a codeine-based antitussive agent]". Revue Médicale de la Suisse Romande. 110 ( ... Effect of sigma ligands and other agents". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 251 (1): 207-15. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butamirate

... is an antitussive agent of the benzanilide class, formerly marketed under the name Noleptan. It binds poorly to the ... Sasaki T, Sugiyama M, Sasaki H, Suzuki S, Takishima T (1985). "Effects of the antitussive fominoben (PB89) on hypoxia in ... sigma-1 receptor, a receptor activated by many other antitussives. It is reported to have respiratory stimulant activity. Other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fominoben

Kobayashi, S; Hasegawa, K; Mori, M; Takagi, H (1970). "Pharmacological studies on a new specifically potent antitussive agent, ... Drotebanol has powerful antitussive (cough suppressant) effects, and is around 10x more potent than codeine in producing this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drotebanol

... is used as an antitussive agent in Australia, Belgium, Finland, France, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, and the UK [1 ... Pholcodine is a drug which is an opioid cough suppressant (antitussive). It helps suppress unproductive coughs and also has a ... when essential neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are administered to prevent patient movement under general anaesthesia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pholcodine

... is a synthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive agent.[citation needed] Normethadone is listed under the Single Convention on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normethadone

It has been used as an astringent, antiseptic, anti-parasitic, anti-tussive, emmenagogue, and anti-spasmodic agent. It was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commiphora_myrrha

... an antifungal and an antitussive agent. In combination with Tridax procumbens and Euphorbia thymifolia, it has been found to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cressa_cretica

February 1995). "N-acyl-2-substituted-1,3-thiazolidines, a new class of non-narcotic antitussive agents: studies leading to the ... Morita K, Kamei J (April 2000). "Involvement of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels in the anti-tussive effect of moguisteine". ... Moguisteine is a non-narcotic, peripherally acting antitussive. In a small double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 200 mg of ... a novel peripheral non-narcotic antitussive drug". British Journal of Pharmacology. 112 (3): 795-800. doi:10.1111/j.1476- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moguisteine

Various agents can inhibit 5-HT reuptake, including cocaine, dextromethorphan (an antitussive), tricyclic antidepressants and ... These agents are available as dietary supplements, and may be effective serotonergic agents. One product of serotonin breakdown ... and since it was a serum agent affecting vascular tone, they named it serotonin. In 1952, enteramine was shown to be the same ... are important antiemetic agents. They are particularly important in treating the nausea and vomiting that occur during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin

Examples of symptomatic treatments: Analgesics, to reduce pain Anti-inflammatory agents, for inflammation caused by arthritis ... Antitussives, for cough Antihistaminics (also known as antihistamines), for allergy Antipyretics, for fever Treatments that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptomatic_treatment

... is widely used in preparations as an enhancing agent for some analgesics and antitussives (acetaminophen, ... Also indirect D2 agonists, such as dopamine reuptake inhibitors (cocaine, methylphenidate), releasing agents (amphetamine, ... Phenyltoloxamine, like diphenhydramine and doxylamine, is an effective non-narcotic anti-tussive on its own but tends to be ... It is a member of the ethanolamine class of antihistaminergic agents and an anticholinergic. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenyltoloxamine

Various agents can inhibit 5-HT reuptake, including cocaine, dextromethorphan (an antitussive), tricyclic antidepressants and ... These agents are available as dietary supplements, and may be effective serotonergic agents. One product of serotonin breakdown ... Some 5-HT3 antagonists, such as ondansetron, granisetron, and tropisetron, are important antiemetic agents. They are ... but require a combination of serotonergic agents, such as an SSRI with an MAOI.[81] The intensity of the symptoms of serotonin ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin

Triggle DJ, Ganellin CR, MacDonald F (1996). Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. 1. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC. p. 711. ... although a combination of dacemazine and di-tert-butylnaphthalenesulfonate was sold as an antispasmodic and antitussive under ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacemazine

It may be used as a nasal/sinus decongestant, as a stimulant, or as a wakefulness-promoting agent in higher doses. It was first ... According to one study, pseudoephedrine may show effectiveness as an antitussive drug (suppression of cough). Pseudoephedrine ... Pseudoephedrine is also indicated for vasomotor rhinitis, and as an adjunct to other agents in the optimum treatment of ... It has also been reported that pseudoephedrine, among other sympathomimetic agents, may be associated with the occurrence of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoephedrine

In the inter-war period, the first anti-bacterial agents such as the sulpha antibiotics were developed. The Second World War ... Bronchodilators, antitussives, mucolytics, decongestants, inhaled and systemic corticosteroids, beta2-adrenergic agonists, ... These were drugs that worked chiefly as anti-anxiety agents and muscle relaxants. The first benzodiazepine was Librium. Three ... Antifungal, alkalinizing agents, quinolones, antibiotics, cholinergics, anticholinergics, antispasmodics, 5-alpha reductase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medication

... was used as both an analgesic and antitussive. It binds to and activates both the μ- and δ-opioid receptors, with ... Morton IK, Hall JM (1999). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer. p. 157. ISBN 978-0- ... Winter CA, Flataker L (November 1952). "Antitussive action of d-isomethadone and d-methadone in dogs". Proceedings of the ... Isomethadone (INN, BAN; trade nameLiden; also known as isoamidone) is a synthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive related to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomethadone

Soapberries can act as industrial emulsifiers, moistening agents, or foaming agents, and thus can be used as ingredients in ... antitussives and cytotoxic activities have been demonstrated in the saponins of plants. Traditionally, soapberries were sun ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_ice_cream_(Canada)

... anti-asthmatic agents MeSH D27.505.954.796.050.100 - bronchodilator agents MeSH D27.505.954.796.090 - antitussive agents MeSH ... anti-obesity agents MeSH D27.505.954.427.140.155 - appetite depressants MeSH D27.505.954.427.153 - antitussive agents MeSH ... antiviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077 - anti-retroviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077.088 - anti-hiv agents MeSH ... tocolytic agents MeSH D27.505.954.016 - anti-allergic agents MeSH D27.505.954.122 - anti-infective agents MeSH D27.505.954.122. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D27)

... non-opioid antitussive and expectorant of the thiambutene class. It acts as an inhibitor of G protein-coupled inwardly- ... Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. CRC Press. pp. 1988-. ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4. Index Nominum 2000: International Drug ... "The centrally acting non-narcotic antitussive tipepidine produces antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipepidine

Soeda F, Fujieda Y, Kinoshita M, Shirasaki T, Takahama K (May 2016). "Centrally acting non-narcotic antitussives prevent ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 50 (12): 4214-6. doi:10.1128/AAC.00617-06. PMC 1693980. PMID 17015627. Lawrence CL, ... "The centrally acting non-narcotic antitussive tipepidine produces antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_channel

Because of the reverse use-dependence of class III agents, at low heart rates class III antiarrhythmic agents may paradoxically ... "The centrally acting non-narcotic antitussive tipepidine produces antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test in ... Since these agents do not affect the sodium channel, conduction velocity is not decreased. The prolongation of the action ... Agents Chemother. 50 (12): 4214-6. doi:10.1128/AAC.00617-06. PMC 1693980. PMID 17015627. Kindler CH, Yost CS, Gray AT (Apr 1999 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_channel_blocker

Previous studies showed that NADPH could not be used as a reducing agent, which suggested the enzyme's specific toward NADH as ... Hydrocodone is a FDA-approved, mild analgesic and antitussive. Notably, morphine and codeine are natural products of the opiate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphinone_reductase

606-. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. Morton IK, Hall JM (6 December 2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties ... The "right-handed" (dextrorotatory) enantiomer of racemorphan is dextrorphan (DXO), an antitussive, potent dissociative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levorphanol

Paregoric, an antidiarrheal and anti-tussive, which contains opium combined with camphor (which makes it less addiction-prone ... Drug enforcement administration agents inspect packages for illegal drug shipments at an international mail facility in New ... Halpern, J.H. (2004). "Hallucinogens and dissociative agents naturally growing in the United States". Pharmacology & ... drug agents.[23] Proceedings to add, delete, or change the schedule of a drug or other substance may be initiated by the DEA, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act

antifungal, alkalinizing agents, quinolones, antibiotics, cholinergics, anticholinergics, antispasmodics, 5-alpha reductase ... bronchodilators, antitussives, mucolytics, decongestants. inhaled and systemic corticosteroids, Beta2-adrenergic agonists, ... In the inter-war period, the first anti-bacterial agents such as the sulpha antibiotics were developed. The Second World War ... These were drugs that worked chiefly as anti-anxiety agents and muscle relaxants. The first benzodiazepine was Librium. Three ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical

June 2001). "Preclinical evaluation of CHF3381 as a novel antiepileptic agent". Neuropharmacology. 40 (7): 866-78. doi:10.1016/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indantadol

antitussive, analgesic Colchicine remedy for gout Emetine antiprotozoal agent, Emesis Ergot alkaloids Vasoconstriction, ... Int J Antimicrob Agents. 44 (5): 377-386. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.06.001. PMID 25130096.. ... The newer semi-synthetic chemotherapeutic agent vinorelbine is used in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.[134][195] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid

The role of NMDAR antagonism in the effect of PCP, ketamine, and related dissociative agents was first published in the early ... "Antitussives and substance abuse". Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation. 4: 75-82. doi:10.2147/SAR.S36761. PMC 3931656. PMID ... while investigating synthetic analgesic agents. It was known under the developmental code name CI-395.[75] It was approved for ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phencyclidine

Sigma (σ) receptors were once considered to be opioid receptors due to the antitussive actions of many opioid drugs' being ... and opioid receptor site-directed alkylating agent having narcotic agonist activity". Science. 204 (4390): 316-8. doi:10.1126/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_receptor

Local numbing agentEdit. The efficacy profile of lidocaine as a local anaesthetic is characterized by a rapid onset of action ... Animal studies and a few human studies suggest that lidocaine has an antitussive effect…. ... Concurrent treatment with quinidine, flecainide, disopyramide, procainamide (class I antiarrhythmic agents). *Prior use of ... Lidocaine is often given intravenously as an antiarrhythmic agent in critical cardiac-care situations.[33] Treatment with ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidocaine

Antitussives, or cough suppressants, are substances which suppress the coughing itself. Examples are codeine, pholcodine, ... Agents whose purpose is to suppress coughing. Cold medicine. Cough medicine often contains cough suppressants and expectorants. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cough_syrup

Opium poppy has been cultivated and utilized throughout human history for a variety of medicinal (analgesic, anti-tussive and ... antihistamines and other agents, such as those mentioned above. Codeine-only products can be obtained with a prescription as a ... For example, the acetaminophen/codeine antitussive liquid is a Schedule IV controlled substance. Some states have chosen to ... Chao, Y. S. & Severn, M. "Non-prescription Analgesic and Antitussive Medications Containing Codeine: A Review of Clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeine

... , sold under the brand name L-Polamidon among others, is a synthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive which is ... Macdonald F (1997). Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. CRC Press. p. 1294. ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4. Retrieved 17 May 2012. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levomethadone

The role of NMDAR antagonism in the effect of PCP, ketamine, and related dissociative agents was first published in the early ... Burns JM, Boyer EW (2013). "Antitussives and substance abuse". Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation. 4: 75-82. doi:10.2147/SAR. ... were investigated by others at Parke-Davis and several area universities while investigating synthetic analgesic agents. It was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phencyclidine

Animal studies and a few human studies suggest that lidocaine has an antitussive effect… Birsa LM, Verity PG, Lee RF (May 2010 ... As a local numbing agent, it is used for the treatment of premature ejaculation. An adhesive transdermal patch containing a 5% ... Lidocaine is often given intravenously as an antiarrhythmic agent in critical cardiac-care situations. Treatment with ... class I antiarrhythmic agents) Prior use of amiodarone hydrochloride Adams-Stokes syndrome Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidocaine

"The influence of CYP2D6 polymorphism and quinidine on the disposition and antitussive effect of dextromethorphan in humans". ... Dextromethorphan is the actual therapeutic agent in the combination; quinidine merely serves to inhibit the enzymatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextromethorphan

Paregoric, an antidiarrheal and anti-tussive, which contains opium combined with camphor (which makes it less addiction-prone ... drug agents. Proceedings to add, delete, or change the schedule of a drug or other substance may be initiated by the DEA, the ... "Hallucinogens and dissociative agents naturally growing in the United States". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 102 (2): 131-138. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act

Prokinetic agents (e.g. domperidone) Anti-cholinergic agents (e.g. orphenadrine) Evidence suggests that opioid-inclusive ... Matthys H, Bleicher B, Bleicher U (1983). "Dextromethorphan and codeine: objective assessment of antitussive activity in ... Amongst analgesics there are a small number of agents which act on the central nervous system but not on the opioid receptor ... Vomiting can thus be prevented by prokinetic agents (e.g. domperidone or metoclopramide). If vomiting has already started, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid

Dextromethorphan: a common antitussive found in cough medicines.[failed verification] Dextrorphan[citation needed]: active ... Farber N, Jiang X, Heinkel C, Nemmers B (23 August 2002). "Antiepileptic drugs and agents that inhibit voltage-gated sodium ... Farber NB, Hanslick J, Kirby C, McWilliams L, Olney JW (January 1998). "Serotonergic agents that activate 5HT2A receptors ... Maas AI (April 2001). "Neuroprotective agents in traumatic brain injury". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 10 (4): 753- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMDA_receptor_antagonist

AN ANALGETIC AND ANTITUSSIVE AGENT. C. V. Winder, M. Welford, J. Wax and D. H. Kaump ... AN ANALGETIC AND ANTITUSSIVE AGENT. C. V. Winder, M. Welford, J. Wax and D. H. Kaump ... AN ANALGETIC AND ANTITUSSIVE AGENT. C. V. Winder, M. Welford, J. Wax and D. H. Kaump ... PHARMACOLOGIC AND TOXICOLOGIC STUDIES OF m-(1-METHYL-3-PROPYL-3-PYRROLIDINYL)PHENOL (CI-572), AN ANALGETIC AND ANTITUSSIVE ...

https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/154/1/161

Antitussive Agents ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Antitussive Agents Subjects Child ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Child Genre ...

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/?f%5Bdrep2.isMemberOfCollection%5D%5B%5D=DREPIHM&f%5Bdrep2.language%5D%5B%5D=Greek%2C+Modern+%281453-+%29&f%5Bdrep2.language%5D%5B%5D=French&f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Antitussive+Agents&f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Child&f%5Bdrep2.subjectGenre%5D%5B%5D=Advertisements&f%5Bdrep2.titleMain%5D%5B%5D=Sirop+Dr+Zed%2C+Paris%3A+%5Bgirl+in+pink+hat%5D&f%5BdrepX.yearStartInt%5D%5B%5D=1880&per_page=20&sort=drep3.titleSortForm+asc

Antitussive Agents ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Antitussive Agents Titles Sirop Dr Zed, Paris: [girl in pink hat] ✖Remove ...

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/?f%5Bdrep2.isMemberOfCollection%5D%5B%5D=DREPIHM&f%5Bdrep2.language%5D%5B%5D=French&f%5Bdrep2.language%5D%5B%5D=Greek%2C+Modern+%281453-+%29&f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Child&f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Antitussive+Agents&f%5Bdrep2.titleMain%5D%5B%5D=Sirop+Dr+Zed%2C+Paris%3A+%5Bgirl+in+pink+hat%5D&per_page=100&sort=drep3.titleSortForm+asc

Noscapine hydrochloride exerts its antitussive effects by activating sigma opioid receptors and is a non-competitive Bradykinin ... is an orally active phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid with potent antitussive. ... is an orally active phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid with potent antitussive. Noscapine hydrochloride exerts its antitussive ... is an orally active phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid with potent antitussive. Noscapine hydrochloride exerts its antitussive ...

https://www.medchemexpress.com/noscapine-hydrochloride.html

Anti-Obesity Agents. Sympathomimetics. Autonomic Agents. Peripheral Nervous System Agents. Nasal Decongestants. Vasoconstrictor ... Monotherapy with Su-Huang antitussive capsule. Drug: Su-Huang antitussive capsule Su-Huang antitussive capsule (0.45g) 3 ... Antitussive Agents. Guaifenesin. Phenylpropanolamine. Chlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine drug combination. Respiratory ... Adrenergic Agents. Neurotransmitter Agents. Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action. Physiological Effects of Drugs. ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01584804?recr=Open&cond=%22Antitussive+Agents%22&rank=1

Antitussive Agents. Bronchodilator Agents. Autonomic Agents. Peripheral Nervous System Agents. Physiological Effects of Drugs. ... Anti-Asthmatic Agents. Respiratory System Agents. Vasodilator Agents. Expectorants. Adrenergic alpha-Agonists. Adrenergic ... Adrenergic Agents. Neurotransmitter Agents. Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action. Appetite Depressants. Anti-Obesity ... as an Antitussive Agent in Acute Cough Patients.. ... The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the antitussive ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01416480?term=Bronchitis%3A+Clinical+Trials&rank=9

Butorphanol is a synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic with a pharmacological and therapeutic profile that has been well established since its launch as a parenteral formulation in 1978. The introduction of a transnasal formulation of butorphanol represents a new and noninvasive presentation of an analgesic for moderate to severe pain. This route of administration bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, and this is an advantage for a drug such as butorphanol that undergoes significant first-pass metabolism after oral administration. The onset of action and systemic bioavailability of butorphanol following transnasal delivery are similar to those after parenteral administration. Butorphanol blocks pain impulses at specific sites in the brain and spinal cord ...

http://pharmacycode.com/Stadol.html

Because acute bronchitis most often has a viral cause, symptomatic treatment with protussives, antitussives, or bronchodilators ... Selected Nonspecific Antitussive Agents. Preparation. Dosage. Side effects. Hydromorphone-guaifenesin (e.g., Hycotuss) ... PROTUSSIVES AND ANTITUSSIVES. Because acute bronchitis is most often caused by a viral infection, usually only symptomatic ... Nonspecific antitussives, such as hydrocodone (e.g., in Hycodan), dextromethorphan (e.g., Delsym), codeine (e.g., in Robitussin ...

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/0515/p2039.html

Antitussive, Cough Suppression, Antitussive Therapy, Benzonatate, Tessalon Perles. ... Antitussive Agents, Antitussive Drugs, Antitussives, Drugs, Antitussive, Antitussive Agent [TC], Antitussive, Antitussive Agent ... Antitussive agent (product), Antitussive agent (substance), Antitussive agent, Antitussive, NOS. French. Médicaments ... antitussive drugs, antitussive, coughing suppressants, cough suppressants, antitussives, cough suppressant, Cough Medicines, ...

https://fpnotebook.com/lung/Pharm/CghSprsnt.htm

Use of Codeine as an Antitussive Agent in Children. Codeine is also prescribed as an antitussive agent and is still available ... Codeine has been prescribed to pediatric patients for many decades as both an analgesic and an antitussive agent. Codeine is a ... the risks of codeine administration described previously also apply to children receiving this agent as an antitussive agent. ... 50 years as an analgesic and an antitussive agent. Historically, codeine was considered an optimal oral analgesic for the ...

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/138/4/e20162396.full

The antitussive effects of SR 48968, a non-peptide tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist, were investigated on citric acid-induced ... might play an important role in the regulation of the cough reflex and that SR 48968 could be a potential antitussive agent. ... Antitussive effect of SR 48968, a non-peptide tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Nov 30;250(1):169-71. ... The antitussive effects of SR 48968, a non-peptide tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist, were investigated on citric acid-induced ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8119316/?dopt=Abstract

Sensory System Agents. Peripheral Nervous System Agents. Physiological Effects of Drugs. Antipyretics. Anti-Inflammatory Agents ... Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Antirheumatic Agents. Gout Suppressants. Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors. Enzyme Inhibitors. Molecular ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show?term=Codeine+AND+Acetaminophen&rank=37

Antitussive Agents. Respiratory System Agents. Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists. Excitatory Amino Acid Agents. ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT00593957?view=results

Other agents are preferred over methadone for pain control during breastfeeding. ... Antitussive Agents. Disclaimer: Information presented in this database is not meant as a substitute for professional judgment. ... Other agents are preferred over methadone for pain control during breastfeeding.. Women who received methadone maintenance ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501233/

Evaluation of antitussive agents in man. Pulm Pharmacol.1996;9 :299- 308. ... Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus induced by the antitussive agent dextromethorphan. Diabetologia.2000;43 :261- 262. ... Although 2 older subjective investigations found DM to be an effective antitussive medication for children with URIs,6,7 more ... Effectiveness of antitussives, anticholinergics or honey versus usual care in adults with uncomplicated acute bronchitis: a ...

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/114/1/e85?ijkey=268cffe03dbf583e293a05aafcb02965c9e79d51&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Dextromethorphan is known to have pharmacological activity as an antitussive agent and is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,196,436 ... Sensory agents. Also useful herein are sensory agents selected from the group consisting of coolants, salivating agents, ... Transdermally administered dextromethorphan as antitussive agent. EP0295941A2. Jun 17, 1988. Dec 21, 1988. Elan Corporation P.L ... antitussives; expectorants; mucolytics; analgesics, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agents. The compositions are manufactured ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US6846495?dq=7,181,690

It is currently used as an antitussive agent in Iceland, as well as Romania, Bulgaria, Russia and other eastern European ... "Objective evaluation of dextromethorphan and glaucine as antitussive agents". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 17 (5 ... Also indirect D2 agonists, such as dopamine reuptake inhibitors (cocaine, methylphenidate), releasing agents (amphetamine, ... and is used medically as an antitussive in some countries.[6] Glaucine may produce side effects such as sedation, fatigue, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucine

Antitussive Agents / therapeutic use* * Apitherapy * Child, Preschool * Cough / drug therapy* * Cough / etiology ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20618098/

Antitussive Agents. 12. 2. Immunomodulatory: Innate Immunity Up-Regulation. 12. 2. Chelating Agents. 12. 1. ...

https://www.greenmedinfo.com/greenmed/display/pharmacological-action

Antitussive Agents. *MalaCards. *Medline Plus. Pharma. 542. Chlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine drug combination. *MalaCards ...

http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp?gene=MECP2&genscript_clones_func=2

Anti-Bacterial Agents. 9. 10. Anti-Inflammatory Agents. 7. 10. Antitussive Agents. 1. 10. ... Pharmacological Actions : Anti-thrombotic, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Vasodilator Agents. Additional Keywords : Aspirin ... T. vulgaris could be a new natural therapeutic and prophylactic agent for use in the treatment of chronic toxoplasmosis.Apr 19 ... Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Bacterial Agents. Additional Keywords : Bacterial Infections: Resistance/Biofilm Formation, ...

https://www.greenmedinfo.com/substance/thyme

Antitussive Agents. Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in ... If you are a legal copyright holder or a designated agent for such and you believe a post on this website falls outside the ... is used to quantify cough sensitivity and evaluate the effects of cough therapies and antitussive medications. This study ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/146900/A-Study-on-the-Mechanism-of-Cough-Hypersensitivity.html

Dextromethorphan HBr: Dextromethorphan HBr is a nonopiod antitussive agent. It suppresses the cough reflex by a direct action ... antianxiety agents, etc. ). MAO inhibitors prolong and intensify the anticholinergic (drying) effects of antihistamines. MAO ...

https://www.drugs.com/pro/dcp-drops.html

0 (Antitussive Agents); 0 (Bronchodilator Agents); 0 (Expectorants); 0 (Histamine Antagonists); 0 (Nasal Decongestants); 0 ( ... 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Histamine Antagonists); 0 (Nasal Decongestants); 0 (Steroids); 451W47IQ8X ... Treatment guidelines universally classify INS as the most effective medical agents available for use in the OTC and primary ... 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Free Radical Scavengers); 0 (Nasal Decongestants); 451W47IQ8X (Sodium Chloride); 74469-00-4 ( ...

http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&nextAction=lnk&base=MEDLINE&lang=p&format=detailed.pft&indexSearch=EX&exprSearch=D27.505.954.411.793.610

Antitussive Agents / therapeutic use*. Chronic Disease. Codeine / therapeutic use. Cough / drug therapy*, physiopathology, ... 0/Analgesics, Opioid; 0/Antitussive Agents; 125-71-3/Dextromethorphan; 57-27-2/Morphine; 76-57-3/Codeine ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Chronic-cough/18685405.html

0 (Antineoplastic Agents); 0 (Antitussive Agents); 8V32U4AOQU (Noscapine). [Em] M s de entrada:. 1702. ... 0 (Alkaloids); 0 (Antineoplastic Agents); 0 (Tubulin); 8V32U4AOQU (Noscapine); P88XT4IS4D (Paclitaxel). [Em] M s de entrada:. ... However, unlike the majority of tubulin-binding agents, it did not induce mitotic arrest; instead, it prolonged S-phase. ... Our results showed that noscapine had lower toxicity in normal cells and was an effective anticancer agent that induced ...

http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&nextAction=lnk&base=MEDLINE&lang=p&format=detailed.pft&indexSearch=EX&exprSearch=D03.132.577.500

5-10 Cough Suppressants (Antitussive Agents). 5-11 Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Oxygen Therapy ...

https://www.kinokuniya.co.jp/f/dsg-12-EY00098168

ClinicalTrials.gov: Antitussive Agents (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Histamine Antagonists (National ...

https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html

16 Antiinflammatory Agents Used In Bronch 16. Antiinflammatory agents used in bronchial asthma. Antitussive agents and ... Drugs used for the treatment of hypertension I: Classification of antihypertensive agents and their mechanisms of action ...

https://www.brainscape.com/packs/pharmacology-a-10138805

Carbetapentane is a centrally acting non-narcotic antitussive agent. Carbetapentane has atropine-like and local anesthetic ... If hypotension is a problem, vasopressor agents may be considered.. V-COF Suspension Dosage and Administration. V-COF ... These drugs are not so prone to produce drowsiness and are among the most suitable agents for daytime use; but again, a ... Brompheniramine is an antihistamine, H1 receptor- blocking agent belonging to the alkylamine class of antihistamines. This ...

https://www.drugs.com/pro/v-cof-suspension.html

1 The use of codeine or dextromethorphan (DM), the most common over-the-counter (OTC) antitussive, for treatment of cough is not supported by the American Academy of Pediatrics, largely because there is a lack of proven benefit and some potential for toxicity and overdose. (aappublications.org)
14. The composition according to claim 13 wherein the antitussive is dextromethorphan. (google.com)
Dextromethorphan HBr is a nonopiod antitussive agent. (drugs.com)
Common cough treatments include narcotic antitussives, such as codeine and dextromethorphan. (thefreelibrary.com)
The sites of action of antitussive agents (dextromethorphan, codeine, clonazepam, diazepam and caramiphen) were studied on the centrally induced cough responses. (aspetjournals.org)
Dextromethorphan is a non-opiate antitussive medication that has been available over the counter since 1958. (livestrong.com)
Dextromethorphan is an antitussive agent and has no analgesic or addictive properties. (pediatriconcall.com)
and the antitussive agent dextromethorphan should not be used with EMSAM because of a risk of serotonin syndrome ( 4 , 5.2 ). (nih.gov)

Codeine has been prescribed to pediatric patients for many decades as both an analgesic and an antitussive agent. (aappublications.org)
These and other groups have or are considering a declaration of a contraindication for the use of codeine for children as either an analgesic or an antitussive. (aappublications.org)
50 years as an analgesic and an antitussive agent. (aappublications.org)
15. The composition according to claim 13 wherein the composition further comprises an additional pharmaceutical active selected from the group consisting of antihistamines, non-sedating antihistamines, decongestants, expectorants, analgesic mucolytics, antipyretic anti-inflammatory agents, local anesthetics, and mixtures thereof. (google.com)
2,3 Codeine has long been used in children as an analgesic and antitussive agent, and it was the most frequently used opioid medication among European children and adolescents in the early 2000s. (ajmc.com)
3. The medicated composition according to claim 2 wherein the medicament is an analgesic, topical anesthetic or antitussive. (google.es)
A) Hydrocodone is an effective antitussive (anti-cough) agent, and as an opiate it is also an effective analgesic for mild to moderate pain control. (drug-rehab.org)
8. The antihistamine composition defined in claim 1 which further comprises a therapeutically effective amount of at least one agent selected from the group consisting of an analgesic agent, an antitussive agent, an expectorant, an anti-inflammatory agent, an anti-pyretic agent and a decongestant. (google.es)

Noscapine hydrochloride exerts its antitussive effects by activating sigma opioid receptors and is a non-competitive Bradykinin inhibitor. (medchemexpress.com)
Additional clinical research must extend the understanding of the risks and benefits of both opioid and nonopioid alternatives for orally administered, effective agents for acute and chronic pain. (aappublications.org)
A Benefit Risk Review of Pediatric Use of Hydrocodone/Chlorpheniramine, a Prescription Opioid Antitussive Agent for the Treatment of Cough. (nih.gov)
A narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood. (ebi.ac.uk)
We include all opioid medications that are commonly used to treat pain, but exclude respiratory agents, antitussives, and drugs commonly used in Medication Assisted Treatment. (ahrq.gov)

CI-572 has a considerably greater, nalorphine-antagonized antinociceptive activity in rats (2.5-4 times codeine or meperidine) than prodilidine, and, unlike prodilidine, has a corresponding antitussive activity in dogs with ammonia-induced cough. (aspetjournals.org)
The antitussive effects of SR 48968, a non-peptide tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist, were investigated on citric acid-induced cough in the unanesthetized guinea-pig and compared with the effects of codeine. (nih.gov)
Clonazepam was found to be the most potent antitussive among these agents, the mean effective dose being about 1/35 of that of codeine. (aspetjournals.org)

Brompheniramine is an antihistamine, H 1 receptor- blocking agent belonging to the alkylamine class of antihistamines. (drugs.com)
Antitussives, antihistamine-decongestant combinations, other fixed drug combinations, and antihistamines were no more effective than placebo in relieving symptoms of acute cough. (bmj.com)
Negative interaction with passion flower could also occur if one is taking antihistamines, antitussives, central nervous system depressants, antispasmodics, or other neurological agents. (wisegeek.com)

This study aims to observe the therapeutic effect of Su-Huang antitussive capsule on cough variant asthma. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Conclusion: KJ exerted significant antitussive effects in URL The present data further support the therapeutic use of KJ in upper respiratory tract infections. (thefreelibrary.com)
Only limited evidence supports the few therapeutic agents available to treat acute URI-related cough (Paul, 2012). (thefreelibrary.com)
In addition, it seems likely that drugs which broadly address asthmatic inflammation are likely to be of more therapeutic benefit than agents that are basically modifiers of bronchoconstriction. (vin.com)

6 It was the primary agent used for outpatient analgesia after adenotonsillectomy in children and was recommended as a step 2 medication in the World Health Organization Pain Ladder for the treatment of moderate pain. (aappublications.org)
Although 2 older subjective investigations found DM to be an effective antitussive medication for children with URIs, 6 , 7 more recent studies have shown it to be no better than placebo (PL) in controlling acute cough. (aappublications.org)
Noscapine, a naturally occurring opium alkaloid, is a widely used antitussive medication. (bireme.br)
Noscapine is often used as an antitussive medication. (wikipedia.org)
tetracaine) and has been associated with adverse CNS effects possibly related to a prior sensitivity to related agents or interaction with concomitant medication. (rxlist.com)

Noscapine hydrochloride ((S,R)-Noscapine hydrochloride) is an orally active phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid with potent antitussive. (medchemexpress.com)

and a sedative, antitussive agent and an antiseptic. (intox.org)

Because acute bronchitis most often has a viral cause, symptomatic treatment with protussives, antitussives, or bronchodilators is appropriate. (aafp.org)

I-RTX is a novel and potent antitussive drug which inhibits cough mediated by agents possibly acting via TRPV1 activation. (bmj.com)
For instance, clonazepam and diazepam have the same potency in depressing polysynaptic spinal reflexes, whereas the former is 6 times more potent than diazepam as an antitussive. (aspetjournals.org)

Pretreatment with rimcazole, a σ-specific antagonist, causes a dose-dependent reduction in antitussive activity of noscapine. (wikipedia.org)

An agent that suppresses cough. (ebi.ac.uk)

In most cases, however, drugs currently available for antitussive treatment are only partially effective. (bmj.com)
In the search for safe and effective antitussive drugs it has been noted that, in some animal models and in humans, tussigenic agents stimulate a recently cloned ion channel belonging to the transient receptor potential family of channels. (bmj.com)
site of action of antitussive drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
We have previously shown that the caudal ventral respiratory group (cVRG) is a possible site of action of some antitussive drugs and plays a crucial role in determining both the expiratory and inspiratory components of the cough motor pattern. (frontiersin.org)
Cough suppressant drugs is also termed as antitussives agent that suppress coughing. (pharmiweb.com)
Tessalon belongs to a class of drugs called Antitussives. (rxlist.com)
The abuser of these drugs has been shown not to be the inner city youth, but instead a famous actor, a suburban real estate agent, or your next door neighbor. (drug-rehab.org)
Before the development of more effective synthetic drugs such as quinacrine, chloroquine, and primaquine, quinine was the specific agent in the treatment of malaria. (thefreedictionary.com)

In China Z. fabago is used as antitussive, expectorant, and as anti-inflammatory agent (Feng et al. (thefreelibrary.com)

Agents that suppress cough. (fpnotebook.com)
The findings suggest that these agents act centrally to suppress the cough responses. (aspetjournals.org)
Opiate antitussives are narcotic agents that act centrally to suppress the cough reflex. (livestrong.com)

It requires rest until fever subsides, hydration, and use of antipyretic and antitussive agents. (fundacionmapfre.org)

Antitussive effect of a fixed combination of Justicia adhatoda, Echinacea purpurea and Eleutherococcus senticosus extracts in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection: a comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. (thefreelibrary.com)
Abuse of antitussive agent will not only reduce our body's function to auto-clean our respiratory tract, but it also may mask the symptoms of other serious diseases. (hubpages.com)

Antitussive, Antihistaminic, Nasal decongestant actions. (drugs.com)
V-COF Suspension is an antihistamine/nasal decongestant/antitussive combination for oral administration as a suspension. (drugs.com)

V-COF Suspension combines the sympathomimetic decongestant effect of Phenylephrine with the antihistaminic action of brompheniramine and the antitussive effect of Carbetapentane. (drugs.com)

In the adult studies, six trials compared antitussives with placebo and had variable results. (cochrane.org)
Findings suggested that, compared with western conventional medicine or placebo, Chinese herbal medicine could effectively improve core symptoms of postinfectious cough, act better and have earlier antitussive effect, and enhance patients' quality of life. (hindawi.com)

Consequently bronchodilation may be achieved via anticholinergic agents (including beta 2 agonists), beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonists and agents such as the methylxanthines which produce bronchodilation at least in part due to increased intracellular cAMP levels in bronchial smooth muscle. (vin.com)

This includes agents used to facilitate bronchodilation, to reduce coughing and various expectorants and mucolytics. (vin.com)

The citric acid cough reflex test (CRT) is used to quantify cough sensitivity and evaluate the effects of cough therapies and antitussive medications. (bioportfolio.com)
The observation that capsazepine (CPZ), a relatively selective but low potency TRPV1 antagonist, reduced both capsaicin and citric acid induced cough suggested that TRPV1 is involved in the tussive response induced by these two agents. (bmj.com)

Patients who experience intractable coughing frequently visit their family doctors or chest physicians, despite the widespread availability of over the counter antitussive medications. (bmj.com)

GABAB receptor agonists have also been shown to possess antitussive effects in patients and in animals independent of their effects on TLESR, suggesting that lesogaberan may be a promising treatment for chronic cough. (elsevier.com)
Opiates serve as effective cough suppressants and possess efficacious antitussive properties to treat chronic intractable cough. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
Palliation of chronic nonproductive cough should always first address the underlying cause but in some patients chronic, nonproductive cough persists and antitussive agents are required. (ebscohost.com)

Cough score and cough reflex sensitivity will be improved after treatment with Su-Huang antitussive capsule. (clinicaltrials.gov)

It has bronchodilator and antiinflammatory effects, acting as a PDE4 inhibitor and calcium channel blocker , [5] and is used medically as an antitussive in some countries. (wikipedia.org)
This agent is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects. (wikipedia.org)
Noscapine's antitussive effects appear to be primarily mediated by its σ-receptor agonist activity. (wikipedia.org)
Methods: We have assessed the direct antitussive effects of lesogaberan (AZD3355). (elsevier.com)
Conclusions: Together, the data suggest that lesogaberan and related GABAB receptor agonists may hold promise as safe and effective antitussive agents largely devoid of CNS side effects. (elsevier.com)
While immunosuppression may be a problem, particularly in those receiving conventional chemotherapeutic agents, it is possible that the non-specific effects of immune-enhancing therapies may confer some protection against SARS-CoV-2. (frontiersin.org)

Then the same agent was given intravenously in an attempt to obtain an effective dose which was close to the minimum dose for blocking the cough. (aspetjournals.org)
The mean effective doses of these agents to abolish the cough via the vertebral artery were only about 1/20 of those required via intravenous injection. (aspetjournals.org)
CONCLUSIONS--Menthol is an effective antitussive agent in an evoked cough model. (bmj.com)
Group viii: Orellanine- and orelline-containing mushrooms cortinarius spp amanita smithiana pigments myoglobin hemoglobin radiocontrast agents xenobiotics that often are minimally regulated by clia, because no method, even sterilization, ispletely effective. (childbirthsolutions.com)

It is used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough. (ebi.ac.uk)

This paper summarizes the currently accepted concepts of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the morphological and functional changes in intranasal mucosa of the patients having a long history of the application of the long-acting topical vasoconstrictor agents. (bireme.br)
The symptom profile of patients and the observation of hypersensitivity to tussive agents, such as capsaicin, had led to the hypothesis that CRC is a disorder of dysfunctional airway sensory nerves and their central processing [ 8 , 9 ]. (ersjournals.com)
However, there is a growing need for newer agents that present realistic options for cough hypersensitivity syndrome patients. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
Therefore, regardless of how serious the dry cough may be, patients should not treat themselves with antitussive for any longer than 7 to 10 days, preferably only at night to ease the cough. (hubpages.com)

These data suggest that NK2 receptor stimulation might play an important role in the regulation of the cough reflex and that SR 48968 could be a potential antitussive agent. (nih.gov)
Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. (ebi.ac.uk)

This trend is distinctly true, since antitussive agents are projected to dominate the cough hypersensitivity syndrome treatment market, with an estimated revenue of ~US$ 2.8 billion by 2027 . (transparencymarketresearch.com)

Other agents are preferred over methadone for pain control during breastfeeding. (nih.gov)

Severe reactions have required intervention with vasopressor agents and supportive measures. (rxlist.com)

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes3

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science5

Named Groups1

Health Care5

Pharmacological studies on root bark of mulberry tree (Morus alba L.) (1/196)

Influence of central antitussive drugs on the cough motor pattern. (2/196)

Sigmoidal kinetics of CYP3A substrates: an approach for scaling dextromethorphan metabolism in hepatic microsomes and isolated hepatocytes to predict in vivo clearance in rat. (3/196)

Characterization of cytochrome P-450 2D1 activity in rat brain: high-affinity kinetics for dextromethorphan. (4/196)

The role of codeine phosphate premedication in fibre-optic bronchoscopy under insufficient local anaesthesia and midazolam sedation. (5/196)

The antitussive effect of dextromethorphan in relation to CYP2D6 activity. (6/196)

Dextromethorphan. Extrapolation of findings from reproductive studies in animals to humans. (7/196)

Effect of oral mexiletine on the cough response to capsaicin and tartaric acid. (8/196)

Antitussive Agents

Aporphines

Dextromethorphan

Cough

Endocrine System Diseases

Capsules

Asthma

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Bronchiectasis

Internet

Physician-Patient Relations

Research Personnel

Questionnaires

Clinical Trials as Topic

Research Design

Diphenhydramine

Sleep

Petrolatum

Nonprescription Drugs

Sleep Disorders

Patents as Topic

Gallium Isotopes

Brompheniramine

Spectrophotometry, Atomic

Fatty Acids

Phospholipids

Encyclopedias as Topic

Phenmetrazine

Candy

Hallucinations

Lethargy

Designer Drugs

Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2

Rett Syndrome

CpG Islands

Search Engine

DNA Methylation

Databases, Genetic

Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone

Nasal Decongestants

Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating

Quality of Life

Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

Efficiency

Health Status

Rhinitis

Pharmacological studies on root bark of mulberry tree (Morus alba L.) (1/196)

Influence of central antitussive drugs on the cough motor pattern. (2/196)

Sigmoidal kinetics of CYP3A substrates: an approach for scaling dextromethorphan metabolism in hepatic microsomes and isolated hepatocytes to predict in vivo clearance in rat. (3/196)

Characterization of cytochrome P-450 2D1 activity in rat brain: high-affinity kinetics for dextromethorphan. (4/196)

The role of codeine phosphate premedication in fibre-optic bronchoscopy under insufficient local anaesthesia and midazolam sedation. (5/196)

The antitussive effect of dextromethorphan in relation to CYP2D6 activity. (6/196)

Dextromethorphan. Extrapolation of findings from reproductive studies in animals to humans. (7/196)

Effect of oral mexiletine on the cough response to capsaicin and tartaric acid. (8/196)

Cough Medicine Results Sickening

Herbal Cough Syrup in Nottingham,Herbal Cough Syrup Manufacturers, Suppliers, Exporters in Nottingham

Cough Syrup in Bhopal,Cough Syrup Manufacturers and Suppliers from india

Herbal Cough Syrup in Thrissur,Herbal Cough Syrup Manufacturers and Suppliers from india

Common OTC Cold and Cough Medicine Side Effects & Safety

Dextromethorphan Cough Syrup

Law on cough medicine sales to kids taking effect - Houston Chronicle

Cough Medicines Off the Market - Redorbit

Should we advise parents to administer over the counter cough medicines for acute cough? Systematic review of randomised...

Zarbees Naturals Childrens Cough Syrup + Mucus Nighttime with Dark Honey & Ivy Leaf, Natural Grape Flavor, 4 Ounce Bottle -...

CHESTAL COUGH SYRUP 8.45OZ

Pharma | Rotational Viscosity Testing of Cough Syrup with ViscoQC Series<...

Cough Syrups,Cough Syrups Manufacturer,Cough Syrups Supplier

Cough Syrups,Cough Syrups Manufacturer,Cough Syrups Supplier

Best cough medicine. • Treatment with folk remedies

Cough Medicine | Cough, Cold & Flu | Superdrug

Cough medicine - November 2015 - BabyCenter Canada

Vintage Watkins Cough Medicine bottle from shopwithelaine on Ruby Lane

Ayurvedic Cough Medicine in Assam - Manufacturers and Suppliers India

Cough Medicine in Gujarat - Manufacturers and Suppliers India

Bromfed dm cough syrup | Benefits of Privilege

Cough medicine - Wikipedia

Cough Syrup

plantain cough syrup recipe

Khonol Cough Syrup - ujwala ayurvedashram

COUGH SYRUP - HONITASK Cough Syrup Manufacturer from Panchkula