Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.
Dibenzoquinolines derived in plants from (S)-reticuline (BENZYLISOQUINOLINES).
Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.
A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.
Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.
Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.
The hindering of output from the STOMACH into the SMALL INTESTINE. This obstruction may be of mechanical or functional origin such as EDEMA from PEPTIC ULCER; NEOPLASMS; FOREIGN BODIES; or AGING.
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.
Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. Included here are the classical antihistaminics that antagonize or prevent the action of histamine mainly in immediate hypersensitivity. They act in the bronchi, capillaries, and some other smooth muscles, and are used to prevent or allay motion sickness, seasonal rhinitis, and allergic dermatitis and to induce somnolence. The effects of blocking central nervous system H1 receptors are not as well understood.

Pharmacological studies on root bark of mulberry tree (Morus alba L.) (1/196)

Pharmacological studies were done on the root bark of mulberry tree and pharmacological effects were compared with the clinical effects of "Sohakuhi" in Chinese medicine. n-Butanol- and water-soluble fractions of mulberry root had similar effects except for those on the cadiovascular system. Both fractions showed cathartic, analgesic, diuretic, antitussive, antiedema, sedative, anticonvulsant, and hypotensive actions in mice, rats, guinea pigs and dogs. There appears to be a correlation between the experimental pharmacological results and the clinical applications of mulberry root found in the literature on Chinese medicine.  (+info)

Influence of central antitussive drugs on the cough motor pattern. (2/196)

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of administration of centrally active antitussive drugs on the cough motor pattern. Electromyograms of diaphragm and rectus abdominis muscles were recorded in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats. Cough was produced by mechanical stimulation of the intrathoracic trachea. Centrally acting drugs administered included codeine, morphine, dextromethorphan, baclofen, CP-99,994, and SR-48,968. Intravertebral artery administration of all drugs reduced cough number (number of coughs per stimulus trial) and rectus abdominis burst amplitude in a dose-dependent manner. Codeine, dextromethorphan, CP-99,994, SR-48,968, and baclofen had no effect on cough cycle timing (CTtot) or diaphragm amplitude during cough, even at doses that inhibited cough number by 80-90%. Morphine lengthened CTtot and inhibited diaphragm amplitude during cough, but these effects were not dose dependent. Only CP-99,994 altered the eupneic respiratory pattern. Central antitussive drugs primarily suppress cough by inhibition of expiratory motor drive and cough number. CTtot and inspiratory motor drive are relatively insensitive to the effects of these drugs. CTtot can be controlled independently from cough number.  (+info)

Sigmoidal kinetics of CYP3A substrates: an approach for scaling dextromethorphan metabolism in hepatic microsomes and isolated hepatocytes to predict in vivo clearance in rat. (3/196)

The metabolism of a number of compounds by the cytochrome P-450 subfamily CYP3A does not exhibit classic Michaelis-Menten kinetics but displays a sigmoidal rate-substrate concentration relationship. Intrinsic clearance (CLint) cannot be calculated for these drugs due to the lack of a first order region in their kinetic profiles, and a suitable parameter has yet to be identified to allow such data to be scaled to predict in vivo clearance. As sigmoidal kinetics have only been observed with microsomal systems, we have investigated whether this behavior is demonstrable in freshly isolated hepatocytes. We have also evaluated the term maximum clearance (CLmax), which refers to the in vitro clearance when the enzyme is fully activated, to predict in vivo clearance. To these ends we have studied the metabolism of dextromethorphan to methoxymorphinan and dextrorphan; methoxymorphinan production is best described by sigmoidal kinetics in both hepatocytes and microsomes, dextrorphan production is best described by a two site Michaelis-Menten model in microsomes but is sigmoidal in hepatocytes. Total clearance, estimated from the CLmax and CLint terms, was scaled to give mean predictions of 127 to 319 ml/min/standard rat weight of 250 g. In vivo CLint, determined after infusion via the hepatic portal vein to steady state and correcting for plasma protein binding and blood-to-plasma concentration ratio, was 259 +/- 59.2 ml/min/standard rat weight of 250 g. These investigations show that sigmoidal kinetics is not unique to microsomes and that CLmax is a useful parameter for scaling to the in vivo situation.  (+info)

Characterization of cytochrome P-450 2D1 activity in rat brain: high-affinity kinetics for dextromethorphan. (4/196)

We investigated the enzymatic function, stability, and regional distribution of rat brain cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2D1 activity. CYP2D1 is the homolog of human CYP2D6, a genetically variable enzyme that activates or inactivates many clinical drugs acting on the central nervous system (e.g., antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, serotonin uptake inhibitors, and neuroleptics), drugs of abuse (e.g., amphetamine and codeine), neurotoxins (e.g., 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydroquinoline), and endogenous neurochemicals (e.g., tryptamine). The CYP2D family has been identified in rodent, canine, and primate brain. Conversion of dextromethorphan to dextrorphan by rat brain membranes was assayed by HPLC and was dependent on NADPH, protein concentration, and incubation time. Significant loss of activity was observed in some homogenizing buffers and after freezing of whole tissues or membrane preparations. Dextromethorphan (0.5-640 microM) metabolism was mediated by high- and low-affinity enzyme systems; K(m1) was 2.7 +/- 2.6 and K(m2) was 757 +/- 156 microM (n = 3 rats, mean +/- S.E.). The enzyme activity was significantly (p <.01) and stereoselectively inhibited by CYP2D1 inhibitors quinine and quinidine (not by CYP2C or CYP3A inhibitors), and by anti-CYP2D6 peptide antiserum (not by anti-CYP2C, -CYP2B, or -CYP3A antibodies). The enzymatic activity demonstrated significant brain regional variation (n = 10 regions, p <.001). These data characterize CYP2D1-mediated dextromethorphan metabolism in rat brain and suggest that localized metabolism of other CYP2D1 substrates (drugs, neurotoxins, and possibly endogenous compounds) within the brain will occur. In humans, CYP2D6 is genetically polymorphic; the variable expression of brain CYP2D6 may result in interindividual differences in central drug and neurotoxin metabolism, possibly contributing to interindividual differences in drug effects and neurotoxicity.  (+info)

The role of codeine phosphate premedication in fibre-optic bronchoscopy under insufficient local anaesthesia and midazolam sedation. (5/196)

Midazolam is widely used as a sedative agent to produce amnesia in patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy. However, if a patient does not receive sufficient local anaesthesia, continuous severe cough and physical movement may interrupt the procedure and reduce its safety. We therefore examined whether codeine phosphate is a useful premedication for bronchoscopy. The study design was a randomized comparison between codeine phosphate and a placebo in patients undergoing light local anaesthesia and midazolam sedation. We used low dose local anaesthesia (5 ml of nebulized 2% xylocaine) on the assumption of insufficient local anaesthesia. Patients were allocated to receive codeine phosphate 0.4 mg kg-1 or a saline placebo 60 min before they were sedated with i.v. midazolam. If the patients exhibited severe cough during bronchoscopy, intrabronchial supplemental local anaesthesia (2% xylocaine solution in 1 ml increments) was instilled via a bronchoscope to the trachea and segmental bronchi to suppress the cough. The dose of supplemental xylocaine was assessed and the requirements were significantly lower in the codeine group compared to the placebo group: 36.4 +/- 10.2 mg vs. 95.1 +/- 24.6 mg, respectively. After bronchoscopy, patients were interviewed by a doctor to assess their willingness to undergo a repeat procedure if one was clinically indicated, but no significant difference was observed between the two groups. If local anaesthesia is insufficient, midazolam together with codeine phosphate premedication is useful for both the patient and the bronchoscopist.  (+info)

The antitussive effect of dextromethorphan in relation to CYP2D6 activity. (6/196)

AIMS: To test the hypothesis that inhibition of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by quinidine increases the antitussive effect of dextromethorphan (DEX) in an induced cough model. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy extensive metaboliser phenotypes for CYP2D6 were studied according to a double-blind, randomised cross-over design after administration of: (1) Placebo antitussive preceded at 1 h by placebo inhibitor; (2) 30 mg oral DEX preceded at 1 h by placebo inhibitor (DEX30); (3) 60 mg oral DEX preceded at 1 h by placebo inhibitor (DEX60); (4) 30 mg oral DEX preceded at 1 h by 50 mg oral quinidine sulphate (QDEX30). Cough frequency following inhalation of 10% citric acid was measured at baseline and at intervals up to 12 h. Plasma concentrations of DEX and its metabolites were measured up to 96 h by h.p.l.c. RESULTS: Inhibition of CYP2D6 by quinidine caused a significant increase in the mean ratio of DEX to dextrorphan (DEX:DOR) plasma AUC(96) (0.04 vs 1.81, P<0.001). The mean (+/-s.d.) decrements in cough frequency below baseline over 12 h (AUEC) were: 8% (11), 17% (14.5), 25% (16.2) and 25% (16.9) for placebo, DEX30, DEX60 and QDEX30 treatments, respectively. Statistically significant differences in antitussive effect were detected for the contrasts between DEX60/placebo (P<0.001; 95% CI of difference +80, +327) and QDEX30/placebo (P<0.001, +88, +336), but not for DEX30/placebo, DEX30/DEX60 or DEX30/QDEX30 (P=0.071, -7, +241; P=0.254, -37, +211; P=0.187, -29, +219, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A significant antitussive effect was demonstrated after 60 mg dextromethorphan and 30 mg dextromethorphan preceded by 50 mg quinidine using an induced cough model. However, although the study was powered to detect a 10% difference in cough response, the observed differences for other contrasts were less than 10%, such that it was possible only to imply a dose effect (30 vs 60 mg) in the antitussive activity of DEX and enhancement of this effect by CYP2D6 inhibition.  (+info)

Dextromethorphan. Extrapolation of findings from reproductive studies in animals to humans. (7/196)

QUESTION: One of my patients, who is now 8 weeks pregnant, just read in the newspaper that dextromethorphan (DM), an antitussive found in a variety of cough medicines, caused birth defects in chicken embryos. The author of the study stated that even one dose could be dangerous and that he would never allow his wife to use this drug if she were pregnant. My patient was understandably very concerned because last week she was suffering from a nasty cough and had been advised by her pharmacist to use a cough mixture containing DM, which she subsequently took for several days. ANSWER: You may reassure your patient that she did not put her baby at risk by using this substance. Dextromethorphan has been on the market for many years and has never been implicated as a human teratogen. Furthermore, chick embryos are not a good model for predicting teratogenic potential in humans and, consequently, were abandoned as such more than 30 years ago.  (+info)

Effect of oral mexiletine on the cough response to capsaicin and tartaric acid. (8/196)

BACKGROUND: The effect of the orally active local anaesthetic mexiletine on the cough response to two different tussive agents, a C-fibre ending stimulator capsaicin and a chemostimulant tartaric acid, was examined in normal subjects. METHODS: The cough threshold, defined as the lowest concentration of capsaicin (C(5)-CP) or tartaric acid (C(5)-TA) causing five or more coughs, and histamine induced bronchoconstriction were measured three hours after a single oral dose of 300 mg mexiletine or placebo in 14 normal subjects. RESULTS: Mexiletene in a mean (SE) serum concentration of 0.99 (0. 04) microg/ml significantly increased C(5)-TA from a geometric mean (SE) of 32.0 (1.27) mg/ml with placebo to 49.9 (1.34) mg/ml, but C(5)-CP did not differ significantly between treatment with mexiletine (12.2 (1.33) microM) and placebo (14.9 (1.23) microM). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the cough response to capsaicin and tartaric acid may be mediated in part via different neural pathways.  (+info)

Believe it or not, this type of medicine has gained widespread support despite evidence that it really works. The results of a recent study in the British Medical Journal may surprise you. To determine whether over-the-counter cough medicines are effective for treating acute cough, the authors of the review searched all studies in the U.K. involving adults with cough for less than three weeks who were administered cough medicine. All studies included placebo groups or no-medicine groups for comparison to the group taking medicine. Fifteen studies involving 2,000 individuals were assessed. In nine (60%) of the studies, cough medication was deemed no better than placebo for treating a cough. In the remaining six studies, the positive results were of questionable clinical relevance. This was true for multiple forms of medication: antihistamines, antitussives, expectorants, decongestants, and combinations of these types of drugs. Given the amount of over-the-counter cough medicines available, ...
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Cough medicine and cough syrups can help relieve a cough. Information about who can take cough medicine and cough syrups, and who should not take these products (for example, those on SSRI antidepressants, those with high blood pressure or heart disease).
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PHOENIX (AP) - A new state law banning over-the-counter sales of certain cough medicines to minors goes into effect Thursday, adding Arizona to several states that have passed similar measures. Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant used in more than 100 medications and is safe at normal doses, but it can cause hallucinations and effects similar to illicit drugs in larger amounts. Ingredients like acetaminophen are also used in cough medicine and could cause liver failure and lead to death if abused, said Steven Pray, a professor at Southwestern Oklahoma State University.
By Anonymous Authorities in the United Kingdom have removed six cough medicines from their pharmacies and moved about 100 other products to behind the counter until their labeling is changed to state they are not for children under two years of age. The alert concerns 12 active ingrethents: brompheniramine, chlor phenamine, dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine, ephedrine, guaifenesin, ipecacuanha, phenylephrine, pholcodine, pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, and xylometazoline. There have been five deaths and over 100 cases of serious adverse reactions attributed to cough and cold medicines in the UK in the last year. The researchers found that most of the overdoses were the result of children taking the medicine by themselves. Another cause is parents accidentally overdosing their kids with a cough medicine or giving their children the proper dose of more than one preparation. The Laryngoscope, 1/08 Copyright Pediatrics for Parents, Inc. Jul 2008 (c) 2008 Pediatrics for Parents. Provided by ...
Cough caused by URTI can be a very troublesome symptom for a child, and for a health professional, not to offer any treatment may seem unacceptable to many parents and lay people. However, as this systematic review shows, there is very little evidence to suggest that OTC cough medicines are effective. For this reason, we cannot recommend these as first line treatment for acute cough. It is, however, vital that paediatricians, GPs, and other health care workers take the symptoms of acute cough seriously, taking a careful history and performing a thorough physical examination to search for possible underlying diagnoses. If a viral URTI seems the most likely diagnosis, the treatment options and the lack of evidence for the effectiveness of OTC cough medicines should be discussed carefully with parents. Whether a child is being treated or not, parents should always be offered a further appointment in case the cough persists, which may suggest the possibility of another underlying condition.. At ...
Featuring English Ivy Extract to help your child when they are coughing to clear mucus* and melatonin, a non-habit forming and drug-free ingredient, to help promote restful sleep,* Zarbees Naturals Childrens Cough Syrup + Mucus Nighttime is a safe and effective way to soothe coughs associated with mucus, hoarseness, and irritants.* Fortified with vitamin C and zinc for immune support,* this wholesome cough syrup is specially formulated with a proprietary blend of natural dark honeys to coat the throat and calm occasional coughs.* Founded by a pediatrician and father looking for a healthy and chemical-free alternative for his family, Zarbees Naturals Childrens Cough Syrup + Mucus Nighttime is made with carefully-sourced, wholesome ingredients, with no drugs, alcohol, artificial flavors, artificial sweeteners, or dyes. This gluten-free, natural grape-flavored cough syrup is pediatrician recommended for children two years and older. *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug ...
CHESTAL COUGH SYRUP 8.45OZ-hestal Cough Syrup soothes coughs with Chestal Cough Syrup from Boiron. It features honey to soothe the throat with natural goodness. The homeopathic medicines in Chestal Cough Syrup have been traditionally used to treat di
The thickness of pharmaceutical liquids, like cough syrup, plays a major role in quality control. Liquids with a high viscosity flow more slowly than low-viscosity liquids. Cough syrup needs a high viscosity for several reasons. One reason is that it has to stay on the spoon for medication. Furthermore, cough syrup should flow slowly through the digestive tract to coat the surface of the throat and not flow off. Only cough syrup, which stays long on the affected area in the throat, has a soothing effect by increasing the moisture.. ...
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Get rid of cough effectively! Best cough medicine. Folk recipes for cough. I tried to make a selection of the most effective home recipes for cough control based on herbs, spices and food. Best cough medicine.
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Cough medicine: Does anyone know if there is a homeopathic cough medicine for children under 1 year of age? My dd has a terrible cough and runny nose. She doesnt have a fever and is acting like her normal self. Just feel bad for her. also is there a childrens Vicks vapourub?? - BabyCenter Canada
Vintage Watkins Cough Medicine bottle This Watkins Cough Medicine bottle is empty. It is in as found condition with product residue coloring the inside of the clear glass bottle. It measures 8 1/2 x 3 1/8 x 1 3/8 inches. The paper label has some loss on the front left and around some of the edges. The bottom right side of the label is loose. Still a great vintage Watkins piece to add to your collection. ...
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This blended cough syrup is used to address manifestations created by the basic cough, influenza, anaphylaxes, roughage fever, cold, or other respiration sicknesses, for example, bronchitis, sinusitis). The cough suppressant in Bromfed DM is Dextromethorphan, which manipulates the brain to reduce the desire to cough. Decongestants help ease stuffy nose side effects such as runny nose. Antihistamines diminish eye problems such as wet, itchy, red eye.. For Kids: Bromfed DM cough syrup in not designed for kids, even other cough syrups are not recommended for kids under 6. So contact a doctor for children coughing instead of taking the advantage of this syrup. It can lead to severe conditions in kids such as lung failure, mood changes, low bone density. Approach to your specialist or drug specialist for more insights about utilizing your item securely. These items cannot cure or abbreviate the duration of the regular flu and may lead to severe symptoms. To lessen the threat for severe symptoms, ...
Cough medicines are medications used in those with coughing and related conditions. It is not known whether over-the-counter cough medications reduce coughing. While they are used by 10% of American children in any given week, they are not recommended in Canada and the United States in children 6 years or younger because of lack of evidence showing effect and concerns of harm. There are a number of different cough and cold medications, which may be used for various coughing symptoms. The commercially available products may include various combinations of any one or more of the following five types of substances: Expectorants are substances claimed to make coughing easier while enhancing the production of mucus and phlegm. Two examples are acetylcysteine and guaifenesin. Antitussives, or cough suppressants, are substances which suppress the coughing itself. Examples are codeine, pholcodine, dextromethorphan, noscapine, and butamirate. Antihistamines may produce mild sedation and reduce other ...
Even though there are billions of dollars spent every year in the US on over-the-counter cough syrups, most such medicines do little if anything to relieve coughs say the ACCP (American College of Chest Physicians). According to the nations chest physicians, cough syrups generally contain drugs in too low a dose to be effective, or contain combinations of drugs that have never been proven to treat coughs. Some over-the-counter cough syrups do contain two drugs that have been shown to help relieve coughs. Read more ...
Boil for 10 minutes longer. For additional support, use Plantain Beeswax Cough Relief … Close the jar with the lid and let it stand for 14 days in a cool place. Thanks to its sweet taste, cough syrup is very popular even with children. My husband is very sensitive to cold and usually strikes down with a bad cough sooner or later in the cold season. Coughs, sore throats/throat pain, upper respiratory tract infections and mild cases of bronchitis. Uriel grows its own lanceleaf plantain, harvests fresh spruce tips, and makes gallons of its own plantain and spruce extracts for this popular syrup. Also, I often get asked why I make my cough syrup with sugar and if it wouldnt be better to use honey instead. used in the past for treatment of lung tuberculosis. So when he came back from shopping last time, he brought home another bottle of his favorite cough syrup for our medicine cabinet - just in case! The video of Tatanka shown above shows step by step how this beneficial syrup … Bring it to a ...
KHONOL COUGH SYRUP are Research & manufactured by M/s Ujwala ayurvedashram, The award winning manufacturer.Ujwala ayurvedashram has got 1st prize as BEST ENTERPRENUR OF MAHARASHTRA FOR 2018.. KHONOL COUGH SYRUP provide effective relief from cough without any side effect.This help in the removal of the catarrhal matter and phlegm.This help to improves Breathing safe and effectively.. It also help for Cough,Influenza ,Dry cough ,Whooping cough,Bronchitis,Pertussis,Sour throat,Pollution realted cough, Inflammatory infection of the respiratory track and smokers cough.. KHONOL COUGH SYRUP shows smooth mucus relaxation and protection against mass cell degranulation. It help to reduces the viscosity of sputum and removes excess of cough.. FEATURES AND DETAIL:-. ...
Manufacturer of COUGH SYRUP - HONITASK Cough Syrup, Ambroxol HCL Terbutaline Sulphate Syrup, Dextromethorphan HBR,Phenylephrine HCL & Chlorpheniramine Maleate Syrup offered by Alcolabs, Panchkula, Haryana.
Yogis Adulsa cough syrup is one of the best cough syrups in the market. Its non-narcotic formulation gives quick and safe relief from sore throat, chest congestion, bronchitis, dry and productive cough etc. It is also beneficial for the smokers cough and cough associated with respiratory infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Yogi Adulsa cough syrup is unique anti allergic formulation suitable for consumption by all age provides quick relief from throat irritation, dissolves and expels congealed cough and phlegm from your lungs and nasal cavity, and helps to prevent formation of new sputum.
Yogis Adulsa cough syrup is one of the best cough syrups in the market. Its non-narcotic formulation gives quick and safe relief from sore throat, chest congestion, bronchitis, dry and productive cough etc. It is also beneficial for the smokers cough and cough associated with respiratory infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Yogi Adulsa cough syrup is unique anti allergic formulation suitable for consumption by all age provides quick relief from throat irritation, dissolves and expels congealed cough and phlegm from your lungs and nasal cavity, and helps to prevent formation of new sputum.
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Cough syrup for dry, tickly, irritating throat coughs Bronchosan Pine Cough Syrup is made from freshly harvested pine (spruce) shoots Cough syrups help to ease the irritation in the respiratory tract. They are sometimes required after a cold or flu, or following other infections of the respiratory tract. Conventional c
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DG™/health NATURALS baby Cough Syrup + Mucus is being recalled due to potential contamination, announced the FDA. Kingston Pharma has recalled Lot KL180157 of its 2-fluid ounce (59ML) bottles due to potential contamination of Bacillus cereus/Bacillus circulans, they said.. According to the press release regarding the recall, the bottles of DG™/health NATURALS baby Cough Syrup + Mucus were distributed nationwide in Dollar General retail stores. The product comes in a carton labeled DG™/health baby Cough Syrup + Mucus in 2-fluid ounce bottles marked with Lot KL180157 Expiration date 11/20 on the bottom of the carton and back of the bottle label; UPC Code 8 54954 00250 0.. To date, no illnesses have been reported. The FDA states that Bacillus cereus in food products has the potential to produce two forms of gastrointestinal illness, one being a syndrome primarily of vomiting, and the other of diarrhea. Most often, illnesses are mild and self-limiting, although more serious and even lethal ...
Cough Syrup predates Young the Giant, when the band was known as The Jakes. The song appeared on the bands 2008 Shake My Hand EP, received regular airplay on KROQs Locals Only radio program, and won a Best Song nomination at the 2009 OC Music Awards.[3][4]. Lead vocalist Sameer Gadhia explained that Cough Syrup was written at a time when the band was unsigned, had no money and didnt really know what to do with [themselves]. The group, he continued, felt somewhat oppressed by the universal expectation of what to do in Orange County...in suburbia in general. I think we really yearned to break out of that and do something a little bit different. Gadhia said the song is kind of a cry for help to break free, not necessarily from oppression, but the common symptoms of suburbia like boredom, normality and homogeneity. Bassist Payam Doostzadeh, in a 2011 interview, said that with Cough Syrup being the oldest song in Young the Giants catalog, its kind of hard for us to play it. ...
Homemade honey cough syrup can be made as effective as the one prescribed by your physician. Go through the article and get some easy honey cough syrup recipes.
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Made from DRY IVY LEAF extract Prospan Cough Syrup is an alcohol free and sugar free herbal cough syrup which can be use by diabetes patients as well as infants. It is a clinically proven cough medicine that is suitable for chesty and bronchial coughs. Relief of cough, throat irritation & reducing phlegm.. ...
Researchers at the American Chemical Society answer the question, Does Cough Syrup Work?. This post from Big Think discusses their verdict. Americans spend around $4 billion each year on cough medicine. Researchers at the American Chemical Society showcase how we may be wasting our money. https://youtu.be/4TnJQYpKz0E In a new video posted on the American Chemical Societys ... Continue Reading ...
The detailed information about causes and about the best cough medicine for kids is described in post. you can also learn about dry cough syrup for kids.
The bill enjoyed the support of industry leaders, including the Consumer Healthcare Products Association. We take very seriously our obligation to educate and raise awareness about cough medicine abuse among teens, CHPApresident and CEO Scott Melville said. This unprecedented action by California lawmakers will help address medicine abuse and sets a high standard that we would ultimately like to see enacted nationwide.. Dextromethorphan is a safe and effective ingredient found in more than 100 over-the-counter cough-cold products; however, some teens abuse large amounts of cough medicine containing dextromethorphan - sometimes as much as 25 to 50 times the recommended dose - to get high.. Aside from calling for a national age restriction on DXM-containing medicines, CHPA has been engaged in educational efforts to curb teen cough medicine abuse for a number of years, and introduced an educational icon on the packaging of DXM-containing cough medicines to alert parents to the potential for ...
In news that may leave some people welcoming their next cold, a study reveals chocolate is a better cough suppressant than cough syrup. The study was conducted in England using 160 cold sufferers. Researchers gave half of the group traditional cough syrup, while the other half was given a chocolate solution. Those taking the chocolate improved significantly faster than the syrup users. Scientists believe cocoa forms a coating on the throats irritated nerve endings, suppressing the urge to cough. Heres the full story from ABC-7.. ...
Home Care Advice for Cough:. 1. Reassurance:. * Coughs are a normal part of a cold. * Coughing up mucus is very important for protecting the lungs from pneumonia. * We want to encourage a productive cough, not turn it off. 2. Homemade Cough Medicine:. • Goal: Reduce the irritation or tickle in the throat that triggers a dry cough. * Child Aged 3 Months to 1 Year: Give warm, clear fluids (eg, warm water, apple juice) to treat the cough. Amount: 1 to 3 teaspoons (5 to 15 mL) 4 times per day when coughing. Avoid honey until 1 year of age.. * Child Aged 1 Year and Older: Use HONEY, ½ to 1 teaspoon (2 to 5 mL), as needed as a homemade cough medicine. It can thin the secretions and loosen the cough. (If not available, you can use corn syrup). * Child Aged 6 Years and Older: Use COUGH DROPS to coat the irritated throat. (If not available, you can use hard candy). 3. Nonprescription Cough Medicine (Dextromethorphan):. * Nonprescription cough medicines are NOT recommended (Reason: no proven benefit ...
Can I give my infant or child cold or cough medicine? The short answer is probably not. The FDA says that over-the-counter cold medications should not be used in children younger than age 2. The American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend any over-the-counter cold medications for children younger than age 4.. ...
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Background Cough variant Asthma (CVA) is defined as chronic cough without wheezing, and may be precursor of typical asthma. Thus, the diagnosis of CVA and early intervention can partly inhibit asthma progression.This study aimed to evaluate the role of spirometry in diagniosis of Cough variant Asthma in Iranian Children. Materials and Methods This descriptive observational study included a total of 73 patients, who were referred to the specialized lung clinic of Tabriz Pediatric Center, Tabriz city, Iran. Patients were divided into two groups with classic asthma (n=37) and cough variant asthma (n=36) and basic spirometry parameters such as FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEF 25-75% and PEF were measured, and the spirometry findings of each individual were measured based on the European Respiratory Society (ERS) criteria. Results The mean of FEV1 and FVC in the classic asthma group were 83.45 ± 20.49% and 86.45 ± 21.57%, respectively; and in the cough variant asthma group were 87.44 ± 13.99% and 86.8 ± 14.71%,
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A company that sells childrens cough medicine at Kroger, CVS, Dollar General and Rite-Aid stores is recalling the product due to overdosing concerns. The Perrigo Company announced this week that it initiated a voluntary nationwide recall for two batches of its childrens guaifenesin grape liquid and three batches of its childrens guaifenesin DM cherry liquid.. ...
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Accessed April 20, 2020. https://www.tabletwise.com/ammonium-diphen-menthol-sodium-cough-syrup. Packaging … Brand: Doclear-B. Do not use extra dose to make up for a missed dose. Product Price: Get Latest Price. This is then conjugated with glucuronide and excreted both in urine and bile as the glucuronide. 1.800.234.1464 Moore Medical Menthol Eucalyptus Cough Drops PDP Label. Fast, effective relief of: Cough with Phlegm ; Chest Congestion; Sore Throat Pain; Packaged in bottles of 100 mL and 250 mL. ASTAGON BM SYRUP, Bromhexine Hydrochloride IP 2mg, Terbutaline Sulphate IP 1.25mg, Guaphenesin IP 50 mg, Menthol IP 0.5 mg cough syrup :Bromhexine , Guaifenesin , Menthol and Terbutaline. In case you miss a dose, use it as soon as you notice. Product Information. The effect of menthol in reducing cough might be more than placebo effect. Additionally, it is also used as an analgesic to treat problems like headaches, sprains and other such minor pains. Darcet cough syrup, a combination of ...
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The party is over for at least one pharmaceutical company that makes a brand of prescription cough syrup. Decrying the illegal abuse of the syrup by musicians and celebrities, they announced that they are ceasing the sale and production of their promethazine codeine product.. Promethazine hydrochloride and codeine phosphate syrup is prescribed by physicians for the temporary relief of coughs and upper respiratory ailments.. Its use can impair motor skills, cause drowsiness, lethargy, nausea, and dissociative feelings from the body, according DailyMed, which educates the public on prescription drugs. Also, it can have a very painful hangover once it wears off, depending on the user. Overuse can lead to difficulty breathing, coma, and in some instances, seizures and death.. Actavis has made the bold and unprecedented decision to cease all production and sales of its Promethazine Codeine product. While we regret the impact this will have on the consumers who rely on this medication for its ...
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is concerned about the abuse of dextromethorphan (DXM), a synthetically produced ingredient found in many over-the-counter (OTC) cough and cold remedies. The agency is working with other health and law enforcement authorities to address this serious issue and warn the public of potential harm, after five recently reported deaths of teenagers that may be associated with the consumption of powdered DXM sold in capsules.. Although DXM, when formulated properly and used in small amounts, can be safely used in cough suppressant medicines, abuse of the drug can cause death as well as other serious adverse events such as brain damage, seizure, loss of consciousness, and irregular heart beat.. DXM abuse, though not a new phenomenon, has developed into a disturbing new trend which involves the sale of pure DXM in powdered form. This pure DXM is often encapsulated by the dealer and offered for street use.. DXM has gradually replaced codeine as the most widely used ...
COUGH SYRUP DM DECONGESTANT is a specialty drug on the Reformulary and can be used to treat . Check with your doctor if there are other medications you can take before taking this drug.
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Covonia Expectorant Mentholated Cough Syrup 150ml - Dose: For Oral Use: Adults, the elderly and children over 12 years: Take 1 or 2 x 5ml spoonfuls. Children 5-12 years: Take 1 x 5ml spoonful. The dose may be repeated every 4 hours if required. Not recommended for children under 5 years. Effective relief of troublesome chesty coughs., NON DROWSY, CHESTY COUGHS.EXPECTORANT. An oral solution for the symptomatic relief of productive (chesty) coughs and sore throats.Keep out of the reach and sight of children.Medicinal product. For relief of productive chesty coughs and sore throats. Active Ingredients, Levomenthol 4.0mg, sqill tincture 0.6ml and liquorice liquid extract 0.125ml. Please read enclosed leaflet carefully before use. Do not give to children under 5 years old. Store out of reach and sight of children., 000 from Wilko.com
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Cough syrup is considered an expectorant, meaning that it will help you cough out the mucus by making it thin and loose. Mucosolvan cough syrup, for instance, works in three ways: It loosens your mucus, clears your airways, and prevents new mucus production. Expectorants like this are usually the best solution since they are effective for up to 12 hours.. As with any medication, exercise proper caution in using over-the-counter cough medicines like decongestants and expectorants. Make sure that you are taking the right dosage by checking its instructions either on its label or its package leaflet. If unsure, you have to consult a pharmacist or your doctor.. Seeing your doctor is also highly recommended when coughing does not stop after two weeks, despite doing all the above-mentioned remedies. Bear in mind as well that you should make an appointment with your doctor if your coughing is accompanied by wheezing, difficulty or shortness of breath, chest pain, and blood.. ...
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Abstract:. Introduction: The use of alcohol as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations raises safety concerns, especially when used in high concentration. This study aims to scrutinize the ethanol concentration in traditional herbal cough syrups available over-the-counter (OTC) in Malaysia. Method: Enzymatic analysis was adopted to estimate the alcohol contents of five selected syrups. The principle reaction involved ethanol oxidation by nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in the presence of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), forming acetaldehyde, reduced NAD (NADH) and a proton. The ethanol concentration of each syrup was quantitatively determined by detecting NADH using UV spectrophotometry at detection wavelength of 340 nm. Results: The ethanol percentage by volume (% v/v) in the tested syrups ranges from 0.102% to 2.576%. All five syrups studied comply with the FDA requirement for drugs for adults and children ,6 years since they do not contain more than 5% ethanol. However, ...
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Global Codeine Phosphate Market is segmented, by Product, into Extracts from Opium, Synthesized by Morphine. Codeine Phosphate is an opioid based medication operative in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. The chemical make-up and action is similar to that of morphine; however, not as strong. It is also used to treat diarrhea as well as a dry or unproductive cough. It is frequently optional when milder painkillers such as paracetamol and ibuprofen have not provided relief.. It functions by assigning to opioid receptors in the central nervous system and effectively blocks the signals coming into the CNS so that pain is not conversant or at least reduced. It also has sedating effects and aids in relaxation. Codeine is an opiate used to treat pain, as a cough medicine, and for diarrhea. It is typically used for treating mild to moderate degrees of pain. It would work wonders when combined with paracetamol (acetaminophen) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as ibuprofen or ...
Global Codeine Phosphate Market is segmented, by Product, into Extracts from Opium, Synthesized by Morphine. Codeine Phosphate is an opioid based medication operative in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. The chemical make-up and action is similar to that of morphine; however, not as strong. It is also used to treat diarrhea as well as a dry or unproductive cough. It is frequently optional when milder painkillers such as paracetamol and ibuprofen have not provided relief.. It functions by assigning to opioid receptors in the central nervous system and effectively blocks the signals coming into the CNS so that pain is not conversant or at least reduced. It also has sedating effects and aids in relaxation. Codeine is an opiate used to treat pain, as a cough medicine, and for diarrhea. It is typically used for treating mild to moderate degrees of pain. It would work wonders when combined with paracetamol (acetaminophen) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as ibuprofen or ...
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DM-D preparations contain both a cough suppressant and decongestant. • DM-D-E contain all three: a cough suppressant, a decongestant and an expectorant. If you are going to be using these medications in older children, I recommend not using combination preparations. Why? Because it does not make sense to give an expectorant, for example, at the same time as a cough suppressant. Bringing up secretions causes a cough reflex, allowing us to clear the secretions out. Giving a cough suppressant at the same time makes no sense.. However if an older child (depending on age, of course) requires treatment, a DM (cough) preparation may be helpful only if he/she is made uncomfortable by the cough - that is, waking up at night or not being able to sleep. If these medicines are necessary, please use them carefully. Your doctor or pharmacist can give you more details relating to your particular situation.. Please note that the fever will not respond to these types of medicines. Only fever medications ...
CAN I TAKE METHOCARBAMOL WITH THIS COUGH MEDICINE? ## Based on my research there are drug interactions found between Methocarbamol and the Codeine inside of Iophen-C NR (codeine + guaifenesin). Information I was able to gather states the following, regarding this interaction: Central nervous sy
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FDA is restricting the use of codeine and tramadol medicines in children. Codeine is approved to treat pain and cough, and tramadol is approved to treat pain. These medicines carry serious risks, including slowed or difficult breathing and death, which appear to be a greater risk in children younger than 12 years and must not be used in these children. These medicines should also be limited in some older children. Single-ingredient codeine and all tramadol-containing products are FDA-approved only for use in adults. We are also recommending against using codeine and tramadol medicines in breastfeeding mothers due to possible harm to their infants.
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If cough tends to recur or is accompanied by a fever, rash or persistent headache, a physician should be consulted. Section 4.6 updated as follows:. Section 4.6 updated as follows:. Section 4.6 updated as follows: This product has been formulated specifically for children, and would therefore not normally be taken during pregnancy and lactation.. Pregnancy. There are no or limited amount of data from the use of guaifenesin in pregnant women. Animal studies are insufficient with respect to reproductive toxicity (see section 5.3). BENYLIN Childrens Chesty Cough is not recommended during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception. Breastfeeding. Guaifenesin is excreted in breast milk in small amounts. There is insufficient information on the effects of Guaifenesin in newborns/infants. A decision must be made whether to discontinue breast-feeding or to discontinue/abstain from BENYLIN Childrens Chesty Coughs therapy, taking into account the benefit of breast feeding ...
DXM is a common ingredient in many cough and cold remedies. Its also become a popular substance to abuse by teens searching for a cheap, easy high. Heres what you should know.
Broncleer is a cough mixture that is manufactured by Adcock Ingram Limited in South Africa and is exported to Botswana. In South Africa members, of the public can buy the cough mixture over the counter, i.e., without needing a doctors prescription. This cough mixture is banned in Zimbabwe so it is illegal to import it or sell it. It contains, among other ingredients Codeine Phosphate, Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, Ammonium Chloride, Sodium citrate and Nipastat (preservative).. Looking at the patient information leaflet that accompanies the cough mixture, there is the following warning: The use of this medicine may lead to drowsiness and impaired concentration, which may be aggravated by the simultaneous intake of alcohol or other central nervous system depressant agents. Patients should be warned against performing potentially hazardous tasks where loss of concentration may lead to accidents.. This is a warming that must not be ignored, yet this exactly what is happening. The cough mixture ...
WASHINGTON - Manufacturers of unapproved extended-release cough and cold drugs that contain an expectorant called guaifenesin have until Nov. 25 to stop shipping the medicines, health officials said Friday.The Food and Drug Administration said roughly 20 companies make hundreds of timed-release medicines containing guaifenesin that have never undergone agency review. They are expected to stop making the drugs even earlier, by Aug. 27. The drugs are sold both by prescription and over the counter,
With great elegance nature builds up complex structures from simple building blocks. A central class of compounds are terpenes. More than 8000 terpenes and about 30,000 of the related terpenoids are currently known. They are the key substances for many biological and pharmaceutical functions.. Eucalyptol, or 1.8-cineole, for example is contained in many medicines for cough. It is an expectorant and works bactericidal. Chemically it consists of a ring of six carbon atoms which is additionally bridged. Starting out from geraniol, the main constitutend of the scent of geranium, this double ring is formed by a so-called tail-head-cyclization.. The biggest challenge of an artificial production is that as a first step a high-energy intermediate state is formed, in which the molecule has a positive charge. Without a catalyst, the molecule could further react in different directions. The desired product would be one of many and the yield only low.. Our catalyst stabilizes the transition state and ...
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This agent is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects. Noscapine is often used as an antitussive ... Church J, Jones MG, Davies SN, Lodge D (June 1989). "Antitussive agents as N-methylaspartate antagonists: further studies". Can ... Noscapine's antitussive effects appear to be primarily mediated by its σ-receptor agonist activity. Evidence for this mechanism ... Noscapine is itself an anti-mitiotic agent, therefore its analogs have great potential as novel anti-cancer drugs. Analogs ...
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"Objective evaluation of dextromethorphan and glaucine as antitussive agents". Br J Clin Pharmacol. 17 (5): 521-524. doi:10.1111 ...
It is currently used as an antitussive agent in Iceland, as well as Romania, Bulgaria, Russia and other eastern European ... "Objective evaluation of dextromethorphan and glaucine as antitussive agents". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 17 (5 ... May 2008). "Detection of the pharmaceutical agent glaucine as a recreational drug". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. ... and is used medically as an antitussive in some countries. TLRs plays role in its anti inflammatory effects. Glaucine may ...
Hougs W, Nielsen IM, Norn S, Nymark M (1966). "Pharmacology of a new antitussive agent: meprotixol (N 7020)". Acta ... Antitussives, Thioxanthenes, Phenol ethers, Tertiary alcohols, Dimethylamino compounds, All stub articles, Respiratory system ...
Schenker H (April 1983). "[Efficacy of morclofon, an new synthetic antitussive agent, in geriatric patients. Results of a ... Antitussives, Morpholines, Phenol ethers, Benzophenones, Chloroarenes, All stub articles, Respiratory system drug stubs). ...
Clinical comparison of butamirate citrate with a codeine-based antitussive agent]". Revue Médicale de la Suisse Romande. 110 ( ... Effect of sigma ligands and other agents". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 251 (1): 207-15. PMID ... Antitussives, Diethylamino compounds, Carboxylate esters, Ethers, All stub articles, Respiratory system drug stubs). ...
Dextropropoxyphene is an analgesic agent (Darvon) and levopropoxyphene an effective antitussive (Novrad). Interestingly the ...
... is an antitussive agent of the benzanilide class, formerly marketed under the name Noleptan. It binds poorly to the ... Sasaki T, Sugiyama M, Sasaki H, Suzuki S, Takishima T (1985). "Effects of the antitussive fominoben (PB89) on hypoxia in ... Antitussives, GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators, Benzanilides, Morpholines, Chloroarenes, Tertiary amines). ... sigma-1 receptor, a receptor activated by many other antitussives. It is reported to have respiratory stimulant activity. Other ...
Kobayashi, S; Hasegawa, K; Mori, M; Takagi, H (1970). "Pharmacological studies on a new specifically potent antitussive agent, ... Drotebanol has powerful antitussive (cough suppressant) effects, and is around 10x more potent than codeine in producing this ... Antitussives, Morphinans, Mu-opioid receptor agonists, Phenol ethers, Semisynthetic opioids, Cyclohexanols). ...
... is used as an antitussive agent in Australia, Belgium, Finland, France, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, and the UK [1 ... Pholcodine is a drug which is an opioid cough suppressant (antitussive). It helps suppress unproductive coughs and also has a ... when essential neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are administered to prevent patient movement under general anaesthesia. ... Antitussives, 4,5-Epoxymorphinans, Morpholines, Phenol ethers, Secondary alcohols). ...
... is widely used in preparations as an enhancing agent for some analgesics and antitussives (acetaminophen, ... possesses antitussive action of its own and is particularly useful in semi-productive coughs because of its moderate drying ...
... is a synthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive agent.[citation needed] Normethadone is listed under the Single Convention on ... Antitussives, Ketones, Mu-opioid receptor agonists, Synthetic opioids, All stub articles, Analgesic stubs, Respiratory system ...
... an antifungal and an antitussive agent. In combination with Tridax procumbens and Euphorbia thymifolia, it has been found to be ...
February 1995). "N-acyl-2-substituted-1,3-thiazolidines, a new class of non-narcotic antitussive agents: studies leading to the ... Morita K, Kamei J (April 2000). "Involvement of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels in the anti-tussive effect of moguisteine". ... Moguisteine is a non-narcotic, peripherally acting antitussive. In a small double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 200 mg of ... a novel peripheral non-narcotic antitussive drug". British Journal of Pharmacology. 112 (3): 795-800. doi:10.1111/j.1476- ...
Various agents can inhibit 5-HT reuptake, including cocaine, dextromethorphan (an antitussive), tricyclic antidepressants and ... These agents are available as dietary supplements and in various foods, and may be effective serotonergic agents. One product ... and since it was a serum agent affecting vascular tone, they named it serotonin. In 1952, enteramine was shown to be the same ... are important antiemetic agents. They are particularly important in treating the nausea and vomiting that occur during ...
One of the partner is dextropropoxyphene, an analgesic agent (Darvon) and the other is called levopropoxyphene, an effective ... antitussive (Novrad). It is interesting to note that the trade names of the drugs, DARVON and NOVRAD, also reflect the chemical ...
... to reduce pain Anti-inflammatory agents, for inflammation caused by arthritis Antitussives, for cough Antihistaminics (also ...
It is also used as a soothing agent for dry cough. A number of glycosides have been isolated from haritaki, including the ... The dried fruit is also used in Ayurveda as a purported antitussive, cardiotonic, homeostatic, diuretic, and laxative. ...
... is a trade name for a medication whose active substances are: Bromhexine, a mucolytic agent. In addition, bromhexine ... Orphaned articles from June 2015, All orphaned articles, Antitussives). ... Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. Springer. p. 55. ISBN 0-7514-0499-3. Retrieved 2009-06-03. ( ...
It may be used as a nasal/sinus decongestant, as a stimulant, or as a wakefulness-promoting agent in higher doses. It was first ... According to one study, pseudoephedrine may show effectiveness as an antitussive drug (suppression of cough). Pseudoephedrine ... Pseudoephedrine is also indicated for vasomotor rhinitis, and as an adjunct to other agents in the optimum treatment of ... It has also been reported that pseudoephedrine, among other sympathomimetic agents, may be associated with the occurrence of ...
In the inter-war period, the first anti-bacterial agents such as the sulpha antibiotics were developed. The Second World War ... Bronchodilators, antitussives, mucolytics, decongestants, inhaled and systemic corticosteroids, beta2-adrenergic agonists, ... These were drugs that worked chiefly as anti-anxiety agents and muscle relaxants. The first benzodiazepine was Librium. Three ... Antifungal, alkalinizing agents, quinolones, antibiotics, cholinergics, anticholinergics, antispasmodics, 5-alpha reductase ...
... was used as both an analgesic and antitussive. It binds to and activates both the μ- and δ-opioid receptors, with ... Morton IK, Hall JM (1999). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer. p. 157. ISBN 978-0- ... Winter CA, Flataker L (November 1952). "Antitussive action of d-isomethadone and d-methadone in dogs". Proceedings of the ... Isomethadone (INN, BAN; trade nameLiden; also known as isoamidone) is a synthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive related to ...
It has been used as an astringent, antiseptic, anti-parasitic, anti-viral anti-tussive, emmenagogue, and anti-spasmodic agent. ... Due to its medicinal properties, it is a potential preventative and therapeutic agent for several diseases, including COVID-19 ...
Soapberries can act as industrial emulsifiers, moistening agents, or foaming agents, and thus can be used as ingredients in ... antitussives and cytotoxic activities have been demonstrated in the saponins of plants. Traditionally, soapberries were sun ...
Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. Vol. 1. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC. p. 711. ISBN 0-412-46630-9. Retrieved on August 2 ... although a combination of dacemazine and di-tert-butylnaphthalenesulfonate was sold as an antispasmodic and antitussive under ...
... anti-asthmatic agents MeSH D27.505.954.796.050.100 - bronchodilator agents MeSH D27.505.954.796.090 - antitussive agents MeSH ... anti-obesity agents MeSH D27.505.954.427.140.155 - appetite depressants MeSH D27.505.954.427.153 - antitussive agents MeSH ... antiviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077 - anti-retroviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077.088 - anti-hiv agents MeSH ... tocolytic agents MeSH D27.505.954.016 - anti-allergic agents MeSH D27.505.954.122 - anti-infective agents MeSH D27.505.954.122. ...
... non-opioid antitussive and expectorant of the thiambutene class. It acts as an inhibitor of G protein-coupled inwardly- ... Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. CRC Press. pp. 1988-. ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4. Index Nominum 2000: International Drug ... Antitussives, Expectorants, Piperidines, Potassium channel blockers, Thiophenes, All stub articles, Respiratory system drug ... "The centrally acting non-narcotic antitussive tipepidine produces antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test in ...
Soeda F, Fujieda Y, Kinoshita M, Shirasaki T, Takahama K (May 2016). "Centrally acting non-narcotic antitussives prevent ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 50 (12): 4214-4216. doi:10.1128/AAC.00617-06. PMC 1693980. PMID 17015627. Lawrence CL, ... "The centrally acting non-narcotic antitussive tipepidine produces antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test in ...
It also contains large amounts of egosaponin, a poisonous agent that has been used in East Asian traditional fishing to stun ... such as the anagesic effects used to treat toothaches and sore throats and antitussive purposes to treat coughs. Along with its ...
606-. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. Morton IK, Hall JM (6 December 2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties ... The "right-handed" (dextrorotatory) enantiomer of racemorphan is dextrorphan (DXO), an antitussive, potent dissociative ...
June 2001). "Preclinical evaluation of CHF3381 as a novel antiepileptic agent". Neuropharmacology. 40 (7): 866-78. doi:10.1016/ ... Antitussives, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, 2-Aminoindanes, Acetamides). ...
Opium poppy has been cultivated and utilized throughout human history for a variety of medicinal (analgesic, anti-tussive and ... antihistamines and other agents, such as those mentioned above. Codeine-only products can be obtained with a prescription as a ... For example, the acetaminophen/codeine antitussive liquid is a Schedule IV controlled substance. Some states have chosen to ... Chao YS, Severn M. "Non-prescription Analgesic and Antitussive Medications Containing Codeine: A Review of Clinical ...
As it gained popularity, opium, and after 1820, morphine, was mixed with a wide variety of agents, drugs and chemicals ... Since opium tincture is usually prescribed for its antidiarrheal and analgesic properties (rather than as an antitussive), ... or antitussive properties). There is probably no single reference that lists all the pharmaceutical variations of laudanum that ... which has antitussive properties. Even modest doses of narcotine can induce profound nausea and vomiting. ...
... , sold under the brand name L-Polamidon among others, is a synthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive which is ... Macdonald F (1997). Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. CRC Press. p. 1294. ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4. Retrieved 17 May 2012. ... Antitussives, Dimethylamino compounds, Drug rehabilitation, Glycine receptor antagonists, Ketones, Mu-opioid receptor agonists ...
The role of NMDAR antagonism in the effect of PCP, ketamine, and related dissociative agents was first published in the early ... Burns JM, Boyer EW (2013). "Antitussives and substance abuse". Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation. 4: 75-82. doi:10.2147/SAR. ...
Animal studies and a few human studies suggest that lidocaine has an antitussive effect… Birsa LM, Verity PG, Lee RF (May 2010 ... As a local numbing agent, it is used for the treatment of premature ejaculation. An adhesive transdermal patch containing a 5% ... Lidocaine is often given intravenously as an antiarrhythmic agent in critical cardiac-care situations. Treatment with ... class I antiarrhythmic agents) Prior use of amiodarone hydrochloride Adams-Stokes syndrome Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome ...
... is available alone in the form of cough syrup and pills as well as in combination with other agents. As a ... Antitussives, Dissociative drugs, Enantiopure drugs, Morphinans, Mu-opioid receptor agonists, Nicotinic antagonists, NMDA ... "The influence of CYP2D6 polymorphism and quinidine on the disposition and antitussive effect of dextromethorphan in humans". ... Dextromethorphan is the actual therapeutic agent in the combination; quinidine merely serves to inhibit the enzymatic ...
Paregoric, an antidiarrheal and anti-tussive, which contains opium combined with camphor (which makes it less addiction-prone ... drug agents. Proceedings to add, delete, or change the schedule of a drug or other substance may be initiated by the DEA, the ... "Hallucinogens and dissociative agents naturally growing in the United States". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 102 (2): 131-138. ...
Prokinetic agents (e.g. domperidone) Anti-cholinergic agents (e.g. orphenadrine) Evidence suggests that opioid-inclusive ... Matthys H, Bleicher B, Bleicher U (1983). "Dextromethorphan and codeine: objective assessment of antitussive activity in ... Amongst analgesics there are a small number of agents which act on the central nervous system but not on the opioid receptor ... Vomiting can thus be prevented by prokinetic agents (e.g. domperidone or metoclopramide). If vomiting has already started, ...
Farber N, Jiang X, Heinkel C, Nemmers B (23 August 2002). "Antiepileptic drugs and agents that inhibit voltage-gated sodium ... Dextromethorphan: an antitussive found in OTC cough medicines. Dextrorphan: active metabolite of dextromethorphan. ... Farber NB, Hanslick J, Kirby C, McWilliams L, Olney JW (January 1998). "Serotonergic agents that activate 5HT2A receptors ... Maas AI (April 2001). "Neuroprotective agents in traumatic brain injury". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 10 (4): 753- ...
Kogi K, Konishi K, Saito T (1983). "Pharmacological and toxicological studies on domiodol, a new mucolytic agent and ... Antitussives, Organoiodides, Primary alcohols, Dioxolanes, All stub articles, Respiratory system drug stubs). ...
Because of the reverse use-dependence of class III agents, at low heart rates class III antiarrhythmic agents may paradoxically ... "The centrally acting non-narcotic antitussive tipepidine produces antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test in ... Since these agents do not affect the sodium channel, conduction velocity is not decreased. The prolongation of the action ... Agents Chemother. 50 (12): 4214-6. doi:10.1128/AAC.00617-06. PMC 1693980. PMID 17015627. Kindler CH, Yost CS, Gray AT (Apr 1999 ...
These agents also reduce eicosanoid-mediated inflammation by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase. Psychiatric medications are ... Little controversy exists concerning over the counter psychoactive medications in antiemetics and antitussives. Psychoactive ... A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, psychoactive agent or psychotropic drug is a chemical substance, that changes ...
WHO Scientific Group on Opiates and their Alternates for Pain and Cough Relief; World Health Organization (‎Organisation mondiale de la Santé, 1972)‎ ...
Antiviral Agents. Class Summary. Influenza vaccinations offer greater protection for the appropriate populations because they ... Antitussives/expectorants. Class Summary. Sparse data attest to the efficacy of expectorants outside the test tube. ... This agent inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding with the 30S and, possibly, the 50S ribosomal subunit(s). It is less ... The prototype antitussive, codeine, has been used successfully in some chronic cough and induced-cough models, but scant ...
Les opiacés analgésiques et antitussifs et leurs succédanés : rapport d un groupe scientifique de l OMS [réuni à Genève du 9 au 15 novembre 1971] by WHO Scientific Group on Opiates and their Alternates for Pain and Cough Relief , World Health Organization.. Series: Organisation mondiale de la Santé. Série de rapports techniques ; ; no. 495Material type: ...
ClinicalTrials.gov: Antitussive Agents (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Histamine Antagonists (National ... Article: Antitussive efficacy of the current treatment protocol for refractory chronic cough:... ...
Antitussive Agents / therapeutic use* * Asthma / drug therapy * Asthma / physiopathology * Chronic Disease * Cough / drug ...
Sensory System Agents. Peripheral Nervous System Agents. Antitussive Agents. Respiratory System Agents. Antipruritics. ... Dermatologic Agents. Histamine H1 Antagonists. Histamine Antagonists. Histamine Agents. Neurotransmitter Agents. Anti-Allergic ...
Antitussive Agents. Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts. [+] V. negundo leaf oil is a potent anti-inflammatory agent and acts ... These results indicate that V. negundo exhibits antitussive effect and it was found devoid of toxicity.Dec 31, 2011. ... Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors, Interleukin-10 upregulation, Interleukin-6 ... Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors, Interleukin-1 beta downregulation, Interleukin ...
A61P11/14-Antitussive agents * * A-HUMAN NECESSITIES * A61-MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE ... Assigned to MIDCAP FINANCIAL TRUST, AS AGENT reassignment MIDCAP FINANCIAL TRUST, AS AGENT FIRST LIEN PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT ... The present formulation can also contain additional therapeutic agents, for example, chemotherapeutic agents, for example, ... 201000009910 diseases by infectious agent Diseases 0.000 description 1 * 238000007922 dissolution test Methods 0.000 ...
CONCLUSIONS--Menthol is an effective antitussive agent in an evoked cough model. ...
... and codeine is also an antitussive agent; colchicine is used as a gout suppressant; caffeine is a central nervous system ... 3. The antitussive action of codeine- mechanism, methodology and evaluation. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1969;. ... For example, a short-acting agent (e.g., mepivacaine) will be useful for creation of excellent intraoperative conditions with ... The enhanced vasodilator activity of a local anesthetic agent results in shorter duration of action because of faster ...
Dextromethorphan is an antitussive agent and, unlike the isomeric levorphanol, it has no analgesic or addictive properties. ... Promethazine is an H1 receptor blocking agent. In addition to its antihistaminic action, it provides clinically useful sedative ... Anticholinergics - Concomitant use of other agents with anticholinergic properties should be undertaken with caution. ... such agents should either be eliminated or given in reduced dosage in the presence of promethazine HCl (see PRECAUTIONS - ...
It is a type of analgesic agent, a type of antitussive, and a type of opiate. ... CII agent due out in United States in March 2014. *Available in 10-50 mg capsules and taken twice daily for severe Chronic Pain ... A semisynthetic hydrogenated codeine derivative and opioid agonist with analgesic and antitussive effects. Hydrocodone ... a semisynthetic hydrogenated codeine derivative and opioid agonist with analgesic and antitussive effects. Hydrocodone ...
... approved but a mixture of homatropine methylbromide and hydrocodone bitartrate has been approved by FDA as antitussive agent ( ... Hence it is classified as class 1b anti-arrhythmic agent and is on the WHO List of Essential Medicines [8]. The mechanism of ... 121]. Trospium is anti-spasmodic agent which is helpful in relaxing smooth muscles thus used to treat over active bladder [122 ... Comparative affinity of several standard anti-secretory agents for the intestinal cholinergic receptors of of rats and dogs. C ...
Centrally active antitussive agents II. Peripherally acting antitussives ... Chapter: Medicinal Chemistry : Expectorants and Antitussives. I. Centrally active antitussive agents II. Peripherally acting ... Classification of Expectorants and Antitussives. , Home , , Medicinal Chemistry , ...
To prevent migration for 3 days after the procedure, patients received anti-tussive agents and were advised not to perform home ... Haemoptysis was successfully treated by topical administration of haemostyptic agents or argon coagulation in six out of seven ...
... which was applied in Chinese traditional medicine as a tonic and heat-clearing agent. The present study was designed to ... antitussive, and diuretic agent. In recent years, various healthful effects of the asparagus have been scientifically verified ... A. D. Jordan, C. P. Kordik, A. B. Reitz, and P. J. Sanfilippo, "Novel anxiolytic agents-1994 to present," Expert Opinion on ... J. R. Vogel, B. Beer, and D. E. Clody, "A simple and reliable conflict procedure for testing anti-anxiety agents," ...
... antitussive agents, bronchospasmolytic agents. Therapy of obstructive respiratory tract diseases). Medizinische Monatsschrift ...
Topical pharmacological agents typically used to treat postoperative sore throat (POS ... Ingredients in licorice reportedly have antitussive and anti-inflammatory effects. One meta-analysis found that lidocaine ... Topical pharmacological agents typically used to treat postoperative sore throat (POST) after tracheal intubation include ... A consensus on the optimal prophylactic agents for the POST treatment remains controversial. A large clinical trial comparing ...
Antitussive Agents 8% * Demography 7% * Antipyretics 7% * Education 7% * Self Care 6% ...
Antitussive Agents --adverse effects. en_US. dc.subject.mesh. Clinical Trials as Topic. en_US. ... Nath K, Mittal N. Clinical trial of a new antitussive drug. Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 1965 Aug; 45(3): 140-2. ...
Antitussive Agents. 1. Paper. *. Arachidonic Acid. 1. Paper. *. Azathioprine. 1. Paper. *. Calcium Supplement. 1. Paper ...
Malva parviflora Leaves and Fruits Mucilage as Natural Sources of Anti-Inflammatory, Antitussive and Gastro-Protective Agents: ...
... has recognized camphor as a safe and effective topical antitussive, analgesic, anesthetic, and antipruritic agent.2 Following ... Most reported camphor-related fatalities involved agents containing a concentration greater than 11%. ...
... antitussive agents), Clarmyl (anxiety), Néomycine-hydrocortisone (antibiotic), Vesperax (sleep disorders), Terramycine and ... antitussive agents), Clarmyl (anxiety), Néomycine-hydrocortisone (antibiotic), Vesperax (sleep disorders), Terramycine and ...
Antitussive agent Active Synonym false false 1785259015 Cough suppressants Active Synonym false false ...
Antitussive Agents. Registry Number:. U75VZ9PK1J Previous Indexing:. Dextropropoxyphene (1965-2007). Public MeSH Note:. 2008; ...
  • These species have been used as carminative, antitussive, and expectorant agents. (journal-jams.org)
  • Adulsa (Adhatoda vasika): It is a potent bronchodilator, antiallergic (antihistamine) and expectorant agent, used successfully in the treatment of common cold, cough, whooping cough, chronic bronchitis and asthma. (kofrut.com)
  • Saunf (Foeniculun vulgare): It is a respiratory stimulant, expectorant and also acts as an antitussive agent. (kofrut.com)
  • Sitopladi Churna is a unique combination of herbs which acts as a very good Antitussive agent and can be used as an Expectorant, Carminative, Anti-Inflammatory digestive agent. (storeela.com)
  • It contains combination of Chlorpheniramine which is anti-histaminic, Dextromethorphan which is an antitussive drug, Guaiphenesin which is an expectorant and Bromhexine which is a mucolytic agent. (torex.co.in)
  • Acts as a bronchodilator, expectorant, mucolytic and spasmolytic agent. (com.pk)
  • Thyme also has expectorant and antitussive actions, and can be helpful for dry, unproductive coughs. (myshopify.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS--Menthol is an effective antitussive agent in an evoked cough model. (bmj.com)
  • Opioid analgesics and antitussives, including hydrocodone should not be used in patients with acute febrile illness associated with productive cough or in patients with chronic respiratory disease where interference with ability to clear the tracheobronchial tree of secretions would have a deleterious effect on the patient's respiratory function. (pdr.net)
  • This may explain the lack of effective antitussive agents in patients with a persistent cough. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] Much of the data in humans has come from cough challenge studies and the effects of protussive and antitussive agents. (medscape.com)
  • The standard protussive agents or cough stimulants used in cough challenge tests in adults include capsaicin, citric acid chloride-deficient solutions, distilled water, and hypertonic saline solution. (medscape.com)
  • Amla (Emblica officinalis): It is a powerful medicine used in cough, bronchitis, hemoptysis, tuberculosis and as rejuvenating agent It also acts as an immune stimulant anti-inflammatory and prevents recurrence of disease. (kofrut.com)
  • Therapeutic benefits include the alleviation of cough symptoms, and as diaphoretic and carminative agents. (momothaifood.com)
  • Antitussives are drugs that suppress cough. (nursenacole.com)
  • Therapy for patients with acute bronchitis is generally aimed toward alleviation of symptoms and includes the use of analgesics, antipyretics, antitussives, and expectorants. (medscape.com)
  • This preparation is a mixture of antitussive, decongestant and antihistamine agent. (arogga.com)
  • Since the original statement, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recognized camphor as a safe and effective topical antitussive, analgesic, anesthetic, and antipruritic agent. (aap.org)
  • Dextromethorphan is an antitussive agent and, unlike the isomeric levorphanol, it has no analgesic or addictive properties. (nih.gov)
  • Dextromethorphan is a safe, effective, non-narcotic antitussive ag. (arogga.com)
  • The antitussives fall into two major groups: (1) opioid antitussives and (2) nonopioid antitussives. (nursenacole.com)
  • Wild cherry is a respiratory sedative and antitussive agent. (myshopify.com)
  • Ginger's therapeutic uses are as a carminative, antinauseant and antiflatulence agent. (momothaifood.com)
  • The approximately 0.04 volatile oil content has therapeutic uses as carminative, stomachic, antirheumatic and antimicrobial agents. (momothaifood.com)
  • It is a type of analgesic agent, a form of antitussive, and a kind of opiate. (starsuntold.com)
  • Haldi (Curcuma Longa): It is a very strong immunomodulator, antiallergic and anti-inflammatory agent. (kofrut.com)
  • The combination formula provides a three-way therapeutic effect: antipruritic, antitussive, and anti-inflammatory. (modernteckhome.com)
  • The trimeprazine in Temaril-P acts as an agent for antipruritic and antitussive and helps relieve frustrating bouts of itching and coughing. (modernteckhome.com)
  • Asparagus officinalis L. , a well-known nutritious and healthy vegetable, was applied widely in the traditional Chinese medicine clinic practice, as a tonic, heat-clearing, antitussive, and diuretic agent. (hindawi.com)
  • The office visit rate in exaggerated broncho-constrictor the Northeast was almost 2.5 times that in the South, although the prevalence of response to many physical changes and chemical and pharmacologic agents. (cdc.gov)
  • Also, the drug "ACC" is not taken together with antibiotics and antitussive agents. (tostpost.com)
  • Neuroprotective Agents" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
  • The prednisolone acts as the anti-inflammatory agent, providing treatment for inflammation and pain. (modernteckhome.com)
  • Comparative Efficacy of 6 Topical Pharmacological Agents for. (lww.com)
  • Topical pharmacological agents typically used to treat postoperative sore throat (POST) after tracheal intubation include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, lidocaine, Glycyrrhiza (licorice), and N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (including ketamine and magnesium). (lww.com)
  • Combining both direct and indirect evidence, a network meta-analysis was performed to assess odds ratios (ORs) between the topical pharmacological agents and surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curve for the treatment-based outcomes. (lww.com)
  • Eisenkraft A, Krivoy A, Vidan A, Robenshtok E, Hourvitz A, Dushnitsky T. Phase I study of a topical skin protectant against chemical warfare agents. (medscape.com)
  • It was also used as an aphrodisiac, antidote for numerous toxic agents along with various pharmacological uses. (ayurvedicoils.com)
  • Acts as an antitussive and has a soothing effect on sore throat. (com.pk)
  • Thyme has antioxidant properties, and can be used as a preservative agent for foods, oils, and salves. (myshopify.com)
  • The biofilms are difficult to eliminate and show increased resistance to available antimicrobial agents. (hacettepe.edu.tr)
  • Bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory environmental irritants, viral infections, agents were the most common medications prescribed. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusions --The patient populations receiving care for asthma vary (anti-inflammatory agents) or open the depending on the ambulatory care setting. (cdc.gov)
  • It is usually well tolerated and provides good coverage of most infectious agents, but it is not effective against Mycoplasma and Legionella species. (medscape.com)
  • Herpes simplex virus 1, by gene modification is emerging as an effective therapeutic agent to kill cancer cells. (ajphr.com)
  • [ 2 ] An understanding of the pathophysiology of the coordination of the reflex in the medulla will fast track the development of effective antitussive agents. (medscape.com)
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Clinical trial of a new antitussive drug. (who.int)
  • Nath K, Mittal N. Clinical trial of a new antitussive drug. (who.int)
  • 1980). Dibromochloromethane was used formerly as a chemical intermediate in the production of fire extinguishing agents, aerosol propellants, refrigerants, and pesticides (IARC 1991b). (cdc.gov)
  • They are commonly used as herbal teas, flavoring agents, and aromatic and medicinal plants. (journal-jams.org)
  • This review focused on the potency of saponin-containing plants with antimicrobial properties as antibiofilm agents against these infections. (hacettepe.edu.tr)
  • The effect of Nigerian dietary vegetable mixtures composed of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Gongronema latifolium, Solanum melongena, Phyllanthus amarus, and Piper nigrum as acclaimed as potent anti-hyperglycaemic agents were evaluated in accordance with local finished medicine products and practices in alloxan-induced diabetic guinea pigs. (ajphr.com)
  • Therefore, the search for new therapeutic agents continues. (hindawi.com)
  • The search for novel biological agents from plants is gaining popularity due to the high abundance, accessibility with consequent lower cost for discovery, and lesser side effects and toxicity. (hacettepe.edu.tr)
  • types of anti-inflammatory agents. (cdc.gov)
  • Beta -adrenergic agonists, 2 inflammatory agents. (cdc.gov)
  • Promethazine is an H 1 receptor blocking agent. (nih.gov)
  • There are few studies on the neuropharmacological properties of asparagus, which was applied in Chinese traditional medicine as a tonic and heat-clearing agent. (hindawi.com)
  • The plant has stomachache relieving and antimicrobial properties, and therapeutic benefits as an antitussive and antiflatulence agent. (momothaifood.com)
  • Lime juice is used as an appetizer, and has antitussive, antiflu, stomachic and antiscorbutic properties. (momothaifood.com)