Antitubercular Agents
Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Structure-Activity Relationship
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Thioacetazone
A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217)
Isoniazid
Antibiotics, Antitubercular
Rifampin
A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)
Ethambutol
An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863)
Tuberculosis, Ocular
Tuberculosis
Cryoanesthesia
Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal
Tuberculosis, Male Genital
Tuberculoma, Intracranial
A well-circumscribed mass composed of tuberculous granulation tissue that may occur in the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brain stem, or perimeningeal spaces. Multiple lesions are quite common. Management of intracranial manifestations vary with lesion site. Intracranial tuberculomas may be associated with SEIZURES, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Spinal cord tuberculomas may be associated with localized or radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, and incontinence. Tuberculomas may arise as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS, but also occur in immunocompetent individuals.
Tuberculosis, Cutaneous
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.
Drug Dosage Calculations
Molecular Structure
South Africa
Oxazoles
Epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Texas. (1/3795)
During 1987-1996, over 22,000 tuberculosis cases were reported in Texas, at an average annual incidence rate of 12.5 cases per 100,000 population. Counties with the highest rates were located along the Mexico-Texas border and in northwestern Texas. Nine percent of cases were resistant to at least one of the five first-line antituberculosis drugs used for treatment. Almost 5 percent (4.6%) were resistant to isoniazid, either alone or in combination with other antibiotics; 2.3% were resistant to rifampin; and only 1.3% were resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin. Being a recurrent case, being foreign-born, being 20-39 years of age, and residing in a Mexico-Texas border county were independent risk factors for isoniazid resistance and rifampin resistance. Tuberculosis patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were more likely to have rifampin resistance and less likely to have isoniazid resistance than patients without HIV infection. Factors associated with multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis included a history of previous tuberculosis (relative risk (RR) = 4.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5-6.8), non-US birth (RR = 2.69, 95% CI 2.1-3.5), age younger than 20 years (RR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.1-3.5), age 20-39 years (RR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.3-2.6), and residence in a Mexico-Texas border county (RR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.8-3.1). (+info)Issues in the treatment of active tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. (2/3795)
Most HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis can be treated satisfactorily with standard regimens with expectations of good results. Treatment of tuberculosis in these patients has been complicated by the introduction of HAART, which relies on drugs that interfere with the most potent class of antituberculous medications. Rifampin-free regimens or regimens that employ rifabutin may be acceptable strategies for patients who are receiving protease inhibitors, although these regimens have not been rigorously evaluated in patients with AIDS. At present, there is good reason to believe that a 6-month course of a rifabutin-containing regimen or a 9-12-month course of a regimen of streptomycin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide should be adequate therapy for most patients with drug-susceptible disease. As the treatment of HIV infection with antiretroviral agents evolves, the treatment of tuberculosis in patients with AIDS is likely to evolve as well. This will require careful coordination of antituberculosis and antiretroviral therapies. (+info)Reduced pyrazinamidase activity and the natural resistance of Mycobacterium kansasii to the antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide. (3/3795)
Pyrazinamide (PZA), an analog of nicotinamide, is a prodrug that requires conversion to the bactericidal compound pyrazinoic acid (POA) by the bacterial pyrazinamidase (PZase) activity of nicotinamidase to show activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mutations leading to a loss of PZase activity cause PZA resistance in M. tuberculosis. M. kansasii is naturally resistant to PZA and has reduced PZase activity along with an apparently detectable nicotinamidase activity. The role of the reduction in PZase activity in the natural PZA resistance of M. kansasii is unknown. The MICs of PZA and POA for M. kansasii were determined to be 500 and 125 micrograms/ml, respectively. Using [14C]PZA and [14C]nicotinamide, we found that M. kansasii had about 5-fold-less PZase activity and about 25-fold-less nicotinamidase activity than M. tuberculosis. The M. kansasii pncA gene was cloned on a 1.8-kb BamHI DNA fragment, using M. avium pncA probe. Sequence analysis showed that the M. kansasii pncA gene encoded a protein with homology to its counterparts from M. tuberculosis (69.9%), M. avium (65.6%), and Escherichia coli (28.5%). Transformation of naturally PZA-resistant M. bovis BCG with M. kansasii pncA conferred partial PZA susceptibility. Transformation of M. kansasii with M. avium pncA caused functional expression of PZase and high-level susceptibility to PZA, indicating that the natural PZA resistance in M. kansasii results from a reduced PZase activity. Like M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii accumulated POA in the cells at an acidic pH; however, due to its highly active POA efflux pump, the naturally PZA-resistant species M. smegmatis did not. These findings suggest the existence of a weak POA efflux mechanism in M. kansasii. (+info)Pharmacokinetics of ethambutol under fasting conditions, with food, and with antacids. (4/3795)
Ethambutol (EMB) is the most frequent "fourth drug" used for the empiric treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a frequently used drug for infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex. The pharmacokinetics of EMB in serum were studied with 14 healthy males and females in a randomized, four-period crossover study. Subjects ingested single doses of EMB of 25 mg/kg of body weight under fasting conditions twice, with a high-fat meal, and with aluminum-magnesium antacid. Serum was collected for 48 h and assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed by noncompartmental methods and by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with zero-order absorption and first-order elimination. Both fasting conditions produced similar results: a mean (+/- standard deviation) EMB maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax) of 4.5 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml, time to maximum concentration of drug in serum (Tmax) of 2.5 +/- 0.9 h, and area under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity (AUC0-infinity) of 28.9 +/- 4.7 micrograms.h/ml. In the presence of antacids, subjects had a mean Cmax of 3.3 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml, Tmax of 2.9 +/- 1.2 h, and AUC0-infinity of 27.5 +/- 5.9 micrograms.h/ml. In the presence of the Food and Drug Administration high-fat meal, subjects had a mean Cmax of 3.8 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml, Tmax of 3.2 +/- 1.3 h, and AUC0-infinity of 29.6 +/- 4.7 micrograms.h/ml. These reductions in Cmax, delays in Tmax, and modest reductions in AUC0-infinity can be avoided by giving EMB on an empty stomach whenever possible. (+info)Use of site-directed mutagenesis to probe the structure, function and isoniazid activation of the catalase/peroxidase, KatG, from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (5/3795)
A series of mutants bearing single amino acid substitutions often encountered in the catalase/peroxidase, KatG, from isoniazid-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been produced by site-directed mutagenesis. The resultant enzymes were overexpressed, purified and characterized. Replacing Cys-20 by Ser abolished disulphide-bridge formation, but did not affect either dimerization of the enzyme or catalysis. The substitution of Thr-275, which is probably involved in electron transfer from the haem, by proline resulted in a highly unstable enzyme with insignificant enzyme activities. The most commonly occurring substitution in drug-resistant clinical isolates is the replacement of Ser-315 by Thr; this lowered catalase and peroxidase activities by 50% and caused a significant decrease in the KatG-mediated inhibition of the activity of the NADH-dependent enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] reductase, InhA, in vitro. The ability of this enzyme to produce free radicals from isoniazid was severely impaired, as judged by its loss of NitroBlue Tetrazolium reduction activity. Replacement of Leu-587 by Pro resulted in marked instability of KatG, indicating that the C-terminal domain is also important for structural and functional integrity. (+info)Susceptibility of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to amoxycillin in combination with clavulanic acid and ethambutol. (6/3795)
Thirty clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 20 of which were multidrug-resistant (MDR), were tested for susceptibility to different combinations of amoxycillin, clavulanic acid and subinhibitory concentrations of ethambutol. beta-Lactamase production was assessed semiquantitatively with the nitrocefin method and susceptibility testing was performed with the BACTEC method. All isolates were beta-lactamase positive and were resistant to 16 mg/L amoxycillin. The MIC of amoxycillin in combination with clavulanic acid was > or =2 mg/L for 27/30 (90%) isolates. Addition of subinhibitory concentrations of ethambutol significantly reduced the MIC of amoxycillin for all tested isolates. Twenty-nine (97%) isolates had an MIC of amoxycillin of < or =0.5 mg/L when subinhibitory concentrations of ethambutol were added; this is well below the concentrations achievable in serum and tissue. (+info)Molecular evidence for heterogeneity of the multiple-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis population in Scotland (1990 to 1997). (7/3795)
Multiple-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-MTB) has been well studied in hospitals or health care institutions and in human immunodeficiency virus-infected populations. However, the characteristics of MDR-MTB in the community have not been well investigated. An understanding of its prevalence and circulation within the community will help to estimate the problem and optimize the strategies for control and prevention of its development and transmission. In this study, MDR-MTB isolates from Scotland collected between 1990 and 1997 were characterized, along with non-drug-resistant isolates. The results showed that they were genetically diverse, suggesting they were unrelated to each other and had probably evolved independently. Several new alleles of rpoB, katG, and ahpC were identified: rpoB codon 525 (ACC-->AAC; Thr525Asn); katG codon 128 (CGG-->CAG; Arg128Gln) and codon 291 (GCT-->CCT; Ala291Pro); and the ahpC synonymous substitution at codon 6 (ATT-->ATC). One of the MDR-MTB isolates from an Asian patient had an IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern very similar to that of the MDR-MTB W strain and had the same drug resistance-related alleles but did not have any epidemiological connection with the W strains. Additionally, a cluster of M. tuberculosis isolates was identified in our collection of 715 clinical isolates; the isolates in this cluster had genetic backgrounds very similar to those of the W strains, one of which had already developed multiple drug resistances. The diverse population of MDR-MTB in Scotland, along with a low incidence of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis, has implications for the control of the organism and prevention of its spread. (+info)Rapid film-based determination of antibiotic susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains by using a luciferase reporter phage and the Bronx Box. (8/3795)
Detecting antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is becoming increasingly important with the global recognition of drug-resistant strains and their adverse impact on clinical outcomes. Current methods of susceptibility testing are either time-consuming or costly; rapid, reliable, simple, and inexpensive methods would be highly desirable, especially in the developing world where most tuberculosis is found. The luciferase reporter phage is a unique reagent well-suited for this purpose: upon infection with viable mycobacteria, it produces quantifiable light which is not observed in mycobacterial cells treated with active antimicrobials. In this report, we describe a modification of our original assay, which allows detection of the emitted light with a Polaroid film box designated the Bronx Box. The technique has been applied to 25 M. tuberculosis reference and clinical strains, and criteria are presented which allow rapid and simple discrimination among strains susceptible or resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, the major antituberculosis agents. (+info)
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1,2,4-Triazole
A Promising Antitubercular Agent". Chemical Biology & Drug Design. 86 (4): 410-423. doi:10.1111/cbdd.12527. PMID 25643871. Kaur ... Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 16 (4): 465-489. doi:10.2174/1871520615666150819121106. PMID 26286663. Kathiravan, ... "The biology and chemistry of antifungal agents: A review". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 20 (19): 5678-5698. doi:10.1016/j. ...
Bedaquiline
Worley MV, Estrada SJ (November 2014). "Bedaquiline: a novel antitubercular agent for the treatment of multidrug-resistant ... Bedaquiline was described for the first time in 2004 at the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ( ...
Infection
... including antitubercular), antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic (including antiprotozoal and antihelminthic) agents. ... First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the ... Second, an infectious agent must grow within the human body to cause disease; essentially it must amplify its own nucleic acids ... Not all infectious agents cause disease in all hosts. For example, less than 5% of individuals infected with polio develop ...
Primidone
Isoniazid, an antitubercular agent with MAOI properties, has been known to strongly inhibit the metabolism of primidone. Like ... Other pharmacological agents include alprazolam, clonazepam, atenolol, sotalol, nadolol, clozapine, nimodipine, and botulinum ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 45 (2): 382-92. doi:10.1128/AAC.45.2.382-392.2001. PMC 90302. PMID 11158730. Theis JG, ...
Oxathiazolones
Various 5‐styryl‐oxathiazol‐2‐one heterocycles have also been tested as anti-tubercular agents because of their ability to ... and Evaluation of 5-Styryl-Oxathiazol-2-one Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteasome Inhibitors as Potential Antitubercular Agents ...
Chiral drugs
The antitubercular agent Ethambutol contains two constitutionally symmetrical stereogenic centers in its structure and exists ... Many medicinal agents important to life are combinations of mirror-image twins. Despite the close resemblance of such twins, ... Ketamine is a widely used anaesthetic agent. It is a chiral molecule that is administered as a racemate. Studies show that (S ... Racemic drugs are not drug combinations in the accepted sense of two or more co-formulated therapeutic agents, but combinations ...
Salicylic acid
Aminosalicylic acid is used to induce remission in ulcerative colitis, and has been used as an antitubercular agent often ... Salicylic acid as its conjugate base is a chelating agent, with an affinity for iron(III). Salicylic acid slowly degrades to ... Chelating agents, Monohydroxybenzoic acids, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Plant hormones, World Health Organization ...
Pyrazinamide
Its discovery as an antitubercular agent was remarkable since it has no activity against tuberculosis in vitro, due to not ... Dillon, Nicholas A.; Peterson, Nicholas D.; Feaga, Heather A.; Keiler, Kenneth C.; Baughn, Anthony D. (21 July 2017). "Anti-tubercular ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 59 (12): 7320-26. doi:10.1128/aac.00967-15. PMC 4649215. PMID 26369957. Shi W, Zhang X, ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 39 (6): 1269-71. doi:10.1128/aac.39.6.1269. PMC 162725. PMID 7574514. Klemens, S.P.; ...
Leprostatic agent
Sulfone - Dapsone (DDS), Phenazine derivative - Clofazimine, Antitubercular drugs - Rifampicin, Ethionamide, Solapsone, Other ... A leprostatic agent is a drug that interferes with proliferation of the bacterium that causes leprosy. The following agents are ... Established agents used in the treatment of leprosy are dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampicin. Treatment of tuberculoid leprosy ... Dapsone, combined with other antileprosy agents like rifampicin and clofazimine, is used in the treatment of both ...
Proteasome accessory factor E
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the etiologic agent of the disease tuberculosis, which kills approximately 1.4 million ... recent emergence of increasingly drug-resistant Mtb strains have given rise to an urgent need for the development of new anti-tubercular ...
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
... an agent from Group D2 and other agents from Group D3 may be added to bring the total to five. It is recommended that the ... Sileshi, Tesemma; Tadesse, Esayas; Makonnen, Eyasu; Aklillu, Eleni (2021). "The Impact of First-Line Anti-Tubercular Drugs' ... Antimycobacterial Agents , Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e". AccessMedicine , McGraw-Hill Medical. Retrieved 7 ... Ramaswamy, S; Musser, JM (1998). "Molecular genetic basis of antimicrobial agent resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: 1998 ...
Einhorn-Brunner reaction
Triazoles have been found to have a number of real world applications as antibacterial agents.[citation needed] The Einhorn- ... Research done by Pattan et al., specifically on 1,2,4-triazoles, found antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, and anti- ... antitubercular and anti-inflammatory activities" (PDF). Indian Journal of Chemistry. 51B: 297-301. (CS1 maint: multiple names: ...
Psychopharmacology revolution
Nevertheless, related agents such as phenelzine and isocarboxazid are still on the market. In addition, tranylcypromine is a ... Iproniazid was the result of a failed medicinal chemistry attempt to improve on the anti-tubercular activity of isoniazid. It ... He noted the so-called "indifference" that this agent causes and suggested that it be used on agitated psychotic patients. ... Due to the chemical similarity of imipramine to chlorpromazine, this agent also functions as a H1, M1, and α1 receptor ...
Furonazide
In vivo studies in the guinea pig showed furonazide slightly more active than isoniazid as a tuberculostatic agent. The drug ... Antitubercular compounds". Yakugaku Zasshi. 75: 1066-9. doi:10.1248/yakushi1947.75.9_1066. Kiichiro Kakemi; Sezaki, Hitoshi; ...
SQ109
In preclinical studies SQ109 enhanced the activity of anti-tubercular drugs isoniazid and rifampin and reduced by >30% the time ... "Synthesis and evaluation of carbamate prodrugs of SQ109 as antituberculosis agents". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. ... a new diamine-based antitubercular drug". British Journal of Pharmacology. 144 (1): 80-87. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705984. PMC ...
List of MeSH codes (D27)
... antitubercular MeSH D27.505.954.122.085.222 - antitreponemal agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.085.255 - antitubercular agents MeSH ... antiviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077 - anti-retroviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077.088 - anti-hiv agents MeSH ... tocolytic agents MeSH D27.505.954.016 - anti-allergic agents MeSH D27.505.954.122 - anti-infective agents MeSH D27.505.954.122. ... tranquilizing agents MeSH D27.505.696.277.950.015 - anti-anxiety agents MeSH D27.505.696.277.950.025 - antimanic agents MeSH ...
Bladder cancer
Five immunotherapy agents has been approved in the US for use in metastatic bladder cancer. They act by inhibiting programmed ... BCG strains are not sensitive to pyrazinamide therefore, it should not be a part of anti-tubercular treatment. BCG treatment ... In people with systemic infections, BCG therapy should be stopped and anti-tubercular multidrug treatment for at-least 6 months ... Additionally, blue light cystoscopy with optical-imaging agent Hexaminolevulinate (HAL) is recommended at initial TURBT to ...
Ethionamide
... is used in combination with other antituberculosis agents as part of a second-line regimen for active tuberculosis ... Belardinelli, Juan M.; Morbidoni, Héctor R. (2013-04-01). "Recycling and refurbishing old antitubercular drugs: the encouraging ... Rastogi, Nalin; Labrousse, Valérie; Goh, Khye Seng (1996). "In Vitro Activities of Fourteen Antimicrobial Agents Against Drug ... Bennett, John E.; Dolin, Raphael; Blaser, Martin; Mandell, Gerald L (2015). "38 - Antimycobacterial Agents". Mandell, Douglas, ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
... (M. tb) is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent ... Additionally, the ability of many MmpL3 inhibitors to work synergistically with other antitubercular drugs presents a ray of ... tuberculosis by several DNA-damaging agents, as well as during infection of mice. Loss of this DNA polymerase reduces the ...
Mycolic acid
An international multi-centre study has proved that delamanid (OPC-67683), a new agent derived from the nitro-dihydro- ... Raman, K.; Rajagopalan, P.; Chandra, N. (2005). "Flux Balance Analysis of Mycolic Acid Pathway: Targets for Anti-Tubercular ... Novel inhibitors of this enzyme could potentially be used as therapeutic agents. The mycolic acids show interesting ... the causative agent of the disease tuberculosis. They form the major component of the cell wall of mycolata species. Despite ...
Anxiolytic
This effect is in contrast to anxiogenic agents which increase anxiety. Anxiolytic medications are used for the treatment of ... The first monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), iproniazid, was discovered accidentally when developing the new antitubercular ... An anxiolytic (/ˌæŋksiəˈlɪtɪk, ˌæŋksioʊ-/; also antipanic or antianxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that ... "antianxiety agent" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary Whittlesea, Cate; Hodson, Karen, eds. (7 August 2018). Clinical pharmacy and ...
Streptomyces isolates
A recent screening of TCM extracts revealed a Streptomyces that produces a number of antitubercular pluramycins. Wailupemycins ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 8 (6): 721-32. doi:10.1128/AAC.8.6.721. PMC 429454. PMID 1211926. Fernandes, Prabhavathi ... Y3111 from traditional Chinese medicine produced antitubercular pluramycins". Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 98 (3): 1077-85. doi: ...
Rifampicin
... is relatively ineffective against spirochetes, which has led to its use as a selective agent capable of isolating ... Mycobacterial resistance to rifampicin may occur alone or along with resistance to other first-line antitubercular drugs. Early ... Leschine SB, Canale-Parola E (December 1980). "Rifampin as a selective agent for isolation of oral spirochetes". Journal of ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 42 (10): 2762-4. doi:10.1128/AAC.42.10.2762. PMC 105936. PMID 9756794. Trivedi, Hirsh D ...
Tuberculosis
The benefits and risks of giving anti-tubercular drugs in those exposed to MDR-TB is unclear. Making HAART therapy available to ... The safety and effectiveness of these new agents are uncertain as of 2012, because they are based on the results of relatively ... In 2018, tuberculosis was the leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious agent. The total number of tuberculosis ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 47 (3): 833-36. doi:10.1128/AAC.47.3.833-836.2003. PMC 149338. PMID 12604509. Bozzano F ...
Pretomanid
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 49 (6): 2294-301. doi:10.1128/AAC.49.6.2294-2301.2005. PMC 1140539. PMID 15917524. ... in a series of 100 nitroimidazopyran derivatives synthesized and tested for antitubercular activity, by PathoGenesis (now a ...
Osteomyelitis
In patients with sickle cell disease, the most common causative agent is Salmonella, with a relative incidence more than twice ... Tubercular osteomyelitis of the spine was so common before the initiation of effective antitubercular therapy, it acquired a ...
D. Srinivasa Reddy
Antitubercular compounds and process for the preparation thereof, D. Srinivasa Reddy, Remya Ramesh, WO2014128724A1. 13. ... anti-inflammatory as well as anti-cancer agents and as insect repellents. He employs the Silicon-switch approach for developing ...
Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III
Agents Chemother. 48 (8): 3093-102. doi:10.1128/AAC.48.8.3093-3102.2004. PMC 478545. PMID 15273125. Al-Balas Q, Anthony NG, Al- ... Raman K, Rajagopalan P, Chandra N (October 2005). "Flux Balance Analysis of Mycolic Acid Pathway: Targets for Anti-Tubercular ... Agents Chemother. 50 (2): 519-26. doi:10.1128/AAC.50.2.519-526.2006. PMC 1366929. PMID 16436705. Ondeyka JG, Zink DL, Young K, ... the causative agent of another serious refractory problem, malaria. Given the predominance of TB in poor countries, the ...
Antimicrobial peptides
Lessons learned from the successes and failures of siderophore-conjugate drugs evaluated during the development of novel agents ... Usmani SS, Bhalla S, Raghava GP (26 August 2018). "Prediction of Antitubercular Peptides From Sequence Information Using ... Antimicrobial peptides have been used as therapeutic agents; their use is generally limited to intravenous administration or ... These peptides are potent, broad spectrum antibiotics which demonstrate potential as novel therapeutic agents. Antimicrobial ...
Isatin
Bin-Jubair, F.A.S. (2010). "Anti-Tubercular activity of Isatin and Derivatives". Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci. 1: 113. Vuzquez de ... substituted indoles or oxindoles with different oxidizing agents such as TBHP, IBX-SO3K, tBuONO etc. The presence of an ...
Bioenhancer
It increases the bioavailability of the active agent paclitaxel used to treat cancer. Carum carvi, a herb from Apiaceae ... Atal also initiated the bioenhanced anti tubercular drug research project using Rifampicin which later resulted in development ... Glycyrrhizin, a saponin of the liquorice plant, promotes the action of numerous antibiotics and the antifungal agent ... ginger and other herbal ingredients in food a lack of nutrients or insufficient effects of active agents can be prevented: ...
Erythema Induratum (Nodular Vasculitis) Medication: Antitubercular Agents, Antithyroid agents, NSAIDs
Browsing WHA62 by Subject "Antitubercular Agents"
7 substituted 2 Nitro-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1 b][1,3]oxazines: Novel antitubercular agents lead to a new preclinical candidate...
7 substituted 2 Nitro-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1 b][1,3]oxazines: Novel antitubercular agents lead to a new preclinical candidate ... scaffold hopping from delamanid inspired the discovery of a novel class of potent antitubercular agents that unexpectedly ... Summary: Within a backup program for the clinical investigational agent pretomanid, ...
Discovery and development of novel salicylate synthase (MbtI) Furanic inhibitors as antitubercular agents
Tuberculosis (TB) Medication: Antitubercular agents
Antitubercular agents. Class Summary. The goals of TB treatment are to shorten the clinical course of TB, prevent complications ... This is a bacteriostatic agent that is useful as a second-line agent against M tuberculosis. It is most commonly used for MDR- ... This agent is used twice weekly as part of a multiple drug regimen for 2 months during the intensive phase of TB treatment, ... This agent irreversibly binds to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, blocking the recognition step in protein synthesis and ...
IMSEAR at SEARO: Adverse reactions to antitubercular agents.
Nongonococcal Infectious Arthritis Medication: Antibiotics, Antitubercular agents, Antifungals, Systemic
Antitubercular agents. Class Summary. Antitubercular agents are used when therapy for tuberculous arthritis is indicated. ... This agent binds to sterols (eg, ergosterol) in the fungal cell membrane, causing intracellular components to leak, with ... These agents are used when fungal arthritis, such as candidal arthritis, is documented. ... Mycobacterial and fungal infections are treated with agents appropriate to the causative pathogen. ...
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modelling study of some novel carboxamide series as new anti-tubercular...
Results of search for 'su:{Antitubercular agents.}' › WHO HQ Library catalog
Text; Format: print Publication details: Geneva : World Health Organization, 1991Other title: Drugs used in mycobacterial diseases.Title translated: Fiches modèles OMS d information à l usage des prescripteurs médicaments utilisés dans les mycobactérioses; Modelo OMS de información sobre prescripción de medicamentos :medicamentos utilizados en las enfermedades micobacterianas.Online access: Click here to access online Availability: Items available for loan: WHO HQ (3)Call number: QV 268 91WH, ... Not available: WHO HQ: Withdrawn (1). ...
Nemurel
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Antitubercular Agents, Leprostatic Agents, ATC:J04AD03
Antitubercular agents (Concept) - Sydney Jones Library, University of Liverpool
Antitubercular agents Resource Information The concept Antitubercular agents represents the subject, aboutness, idea or notion ... Antitubercular agents,/a,,/span, - ,span property=potentialAction typeOf=OrganizeAction,,span property=agent typeof= ... Antitubercular agents,/a,,/span, - ,span property=potentialAction typeOf=OrganizeAction,,span property=agent typeof= ... Antitubercular agents Label Antitubercular agents. Focus * Antitubercular agents 13 Items that share the Concept Antitubercular ...
The use of next-generation sequencing technologies for the detection of mutations associated with drug resistance in...
Successful shortening of tuberculosis treatment using adjuvant host-directed therapy with FDA-approved phosphodiesterase...
Guidelines for the control of tuberculosis through DOTS strategy in Pacific Island countries
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 4-aminoquinoline derivatives as potential antitubercular agents | Future Journal of...
Thus, 7-chloro-4-aminoquinolines could be a useful lead for the development of new MTB inhibitory agents. ... All synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ( ... From: Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 4-aminoquinoline derivatives as potential antitubercular agents ...
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Classifications for Combined Hormonal Contraceptives | CDC
Reimers D, Jezek A. [The simultaneous use of rifampicin and other antitubercular agents with oral contraceptives]. Prax Pneumol ... Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:3266-8. PubMedexternal icon. *Silber TJ. Apparent oral contraceptive failure associated ... For agents with narrow therapeutic windows, such as tricyclic antidepressants, increased drug concentrations might pose safety ... Evidence: Studies of antiparasitic agents have shown no clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions with COCs (236,358- ...
Bedaquiline - Wikipedia
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World Journal of Virology - Baishideng Publishing Group
Perriot J, Chambonnet E, Eschalier A. [Managing the adverse events of antitubercular agents]. Rev Mal Respir. 2011;28:542-555. ... Phenothiazines as anti-tubercular agents: mechanistic insights and clinical implications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011;20: ... International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2017;50:23-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.01.036] [Cited by in Crossref: 8] ... Singh AK, Verma S, Kumar-M P, Soni H, Sharma S, Patil A, Sharma V. Appropriate chemopreventive strategy for anti-tubercular ...
Dr. D.Munirajasekhar - Google Scholar
Synthesis of novel azetidinone derivatives as antitubercular agents. M Himaja, A Karigar, M V Ramana, D Munirajasekhar, M S ... Synthesis, Docking and Biological Studies of the Linear Tetrapeptide PWPV-A Potent Insecticidal Agent. M Himaja, S Sharma, P ... SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTITUBERCULAR ACTIVITY OF SOME LAMIVUDINE BASED HYBRID DRUGS.. M Himaja, MV Simha, D ...
The case for pre-approval access to bedaquiline - Health-e News
Handbook of Anti-Tuberculosis Agents. ,/p, ,p,27. ZriliÄ V et al. Results of clinical trials of a new antitubercular agent, ... Handbook of Anti-Tuberculosis Agents. 27. ZriliÄ V et al. Results of clinical trials of a new antitubercular agent, terizidone ... Handbook of Anti-Tuberculosis Agents. ,/p, ,p,22. Dooley KE et al. Old Drugs, New Purpose: Retooling Existing Drugs for ... Handbook of Anti-Tuberculosis Agents. 22. Dooley KE et al. Old Drugs, New Purpose: Retooling Existing Drugs for Optimized ...
ChemIDplus - 74-55-5 - AEUTYOVWOVBAKS-UWVGGRQHSA-N - Ethambutol [INN:BAN] - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas,...
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Initiate or resume biologic agents after either 1 mo of treatment of LTBI with antitubercular regimen or completion of ... Infectious agents. For many decades, numerous infectious agents have been suggested as potential causes of RA, including ... The disease-modifying activity of several agents that have antimicrobial effects (eg, gold salts, antimalarial agents, ... Low Risk of Birth Defects for Infants Whose Mothers Are Treated With Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Agents During Pregnancy. Clin ...
GSK announces positive Phase IIa study results for a new first-in-class candidate medicine for patients with tuberculosis | GSK
The investigational antitubercular agent will be tested in Phase IIb/c studies in different drug regimens to determine the ... GSK3036656 is a first-in-class investigational antitubercular agent which is being developed for the treatment of tuberculosis ... a first-in-class investigational antitubercular agent, was well tolerated and showed early bactericidal activity with a low, ... I am looking forward to evaluating GSK3036656 in shorter and better tolerated combinations with other new agents to bring about ...
Cytokines and Rheumatoid Arthritis
... all candidates for TB before initiating treatment with TNF-blocking agents and initiating treatment with an antitubercular ... Hence, these agents may become useful interventions earlier in the course of RA. Agent selection will depend primarily on the ... When considering new agents to treat RA, the FDA looks for 3 types of evidence: (1) improvement of signs and symptoms (eg, pain ... Its combination with TNF blocking agents has not been established as safe; small studies have shown an increased risk of ...
Find Research outputs - Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
3D Atom based QSAR model of DprE1 inhibitors as Anti-tubercular Agents. Poojita, K., Fathima, F., Ray, R., Kumar, L. & Verma, R ... 4-triazoles acting as antitubercular agents. Ray, R., Shenoy, G. G. & Ganesh Kumar, T. N. V., 2021, In: Current Computer-Aided ... 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-containing hybrids as potential anticancer agents: Recent developments, mechanism of action and structure- ...
Deciphering the mechanism of action of antitubercular compounds with metabolomics<...
Antitubercular Agents Medicine & Life Sciences 32% * Mass spectrometry Engineering & Materials Science 27% ... Deciphering the mechanism of action of antitubercular compounds with metabolomics. Isin T. Sakallioglu, Raúl G. Barletta, ... Sakallioglu IT, Barletta RG, Dussault PH, Powers R. Deciphering the mechanism of action of antitubercular compounds with ... Deciphering the mechanism of action of antitubercular compounds with metabolomics. / Sakallioglu, Isin T.; Barletta, Raúl G.; ...
DerivativesAntimicrobial agentsInhibitorsInvestigationalDrugsTuberculosisActionConceptTreatmentCombinationTargetTuberculosisMycobacteriumIsoniazidAntimycobacterial agentsDrugsAntibacterialInhibitorsPulmonaryCompoundsMedicinalEvaluationAntimicrobial Agents and CActivityAntidiarrhealInhibitPharmacologyMethodsPotentialPhenylAntiarrhythmic agentImmunosuppressive agentsMechanismDrugDosageDiseasesSearchTherapeutic agentsClassBiologicalBelongsJournal
Derivatives1
- Shaik AB , Bhandare RR, Nissankararao S, Lokesh BVS, Shahanaaz S, Mukhlesur Rahman M. Synthesis, and biological screening of chloropyrazine conjugated benzothiazepine derivatives as potential antimicrobial, antitubercular and cytotoxic agents. (wjgnet.com)
Antimicrobial agents2
Inhibitors1
- RA patients treated with combined TNF inhibitors and MTX have improved signs and symptoms of RA, less radiographic disease progression, good tolerance for these agents, and better medication adherence. (pharmacytimes.com)
Investigational3
- GSK plc (LSE/NYSE: GSK) today announced positive results from a Phase IIa study demonstrating that GSK3036656, a first-in-class investigational antitubercular agent, was well tolerated and showed early bactericidal activity with a low, once-daily oral dose after 14 days of treatment in participants with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis. (gsk.com)
- The investigational antitubercular agent will be tested in Phase IIb/c studies in different drug regimens to determine the appropriate partner agents to complement its anti-TB action and the optimal regimen durations. (gsk.com)
- GSK plc (LSE/NYSE: GSK) announced positive results from a Phase IIa study demonstrating that GSK3036656, a first-in-class investigational antitubercular agent, was well t. (worldpharmanews.com)
Drugs3
- For use in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis when other antitubercular drugs have failed. (pharmacycode.com)
- 1 Improved understanding of the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has shifted treatment from the strictly empirical use of agents to the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) with proven clinical effectiveness. (pharmacytimes.com)
- This review describes recently introduced metabolomics methodologies and techniques for drug discovery, highlighting specific applications to the discovery of new antitubercular drugs and the elucidation of their MoAs. (nebraska.edu)
Tuberculosis3
- I am looking forward to evaluating GSK3036656 in shorter and better tolerated combinations with other new agents to bring about a new era of tuberculosis treatment. (gsk.com)
- Recent advancements and developments in search of anti-tuberculosis agents: A quinquennial update and future directions. (wjgnet.com)
- Results from a Phase II trial have demonstrated the potential of GSK's first-in-class antitubercular agent to be a component of simpler treatment regimens for tuberculosis in the future. (informa.com)
Action1
- Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE . (nih.gov)
Concept1
- The concept Antitubercular agents represents the subject, aboutness, idea or notion of resources found in Sydney Jones Library, University of Liverpool . (liverpool.ac.uk)
Treatment1
- Using expanded understanding and the availability of new agents as a basis, clinicians are employing several new treatment strategies. (pharmacytimes.com)
Combination1
- It is used mostly in combination with other agents. (nih.gov)
Target1
- 3,4 This insight has launched the development of biologic agents that target pivotal proinflammatory cytokines. (pharmacytimes.com)
Tuberculosis10
- Manual de normas y procedimientos técnicos para la bacteriolog'ia de la tuberculosis / Comité Asesor de la OPS/OMS en Bacteriolog'ia de la Tuberculosis. (who.int)
- Comité Asesor de la OPS/OMS en Bacteriolog'ia de la Tuberculosis. (who.int)
- The α-aminophosphonate derivatives were for the first time evaluated for their antitubercular activity against the M. tuberculosis H37Ra (MTB) strain. (rsc.org)
- Methods and compositions for treating disease caused by infectious agents, particularly tuberculosis. (justia.com)
- Aminosalicylic acid is an anti-mycobacterial agent used with other anti-tuberculosis drugs (most often isoniazid) for the treatment of all forms of active tuberculosis due to susceptible strains of tubercle bacilli. (drugbank.com)
- This research article presents a phytochemical study and antitubercular potential of methanol: water (MW), ethanol: water (EW) and dichloromethane: methanol (DM) of extracts of Dendrophthoe falcata (L.) and Tridax procumbens (L.) tested against of H37Rv Mycobacterium tuberculosis using microplate alamar blue assay (MABA) method. (ijpsr.com)
- We propose the use of anti-angiogenic agents, now being used in cancer regimens, as a host-targeting tuberculosis therapy, particularly in extensively drug-resistant disease for which current antibiotic regimens are largely ineffective. (nature.com)
- We suspected tuberculosis of abdomen as patient gave history of intake of antitubercular drugs for 9 months 1 year back. (hindawi.com)
- An alarming dimension to this problem is the fact that some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of TB, have developed resistance to some antibiotics used to kill them, leading to the emergence of 'drug resistant TB' and causing a global threat. (researchmatters.in)
- Some new compounds have been tested for antitubercular activity in-vitro using Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (ajrconline.org)
Mycobacterium2
- Antitubercular medications treat mycobacterium and TB infections which are pulmonary and extrapulmonary (kidney, spine or brain). (nursing.com)
- If you see mycobacterium, I want to immediately think antitubercular medications. (nursing.com)
Isoniazid2
- An antitubercular agent often administered in association with isoniazid. (drugbank.com)
- Isoniazid (INH), a frontline antitubercular medication, inhibits InhA, the enoyl reductase from (MDRTB), the causative agent, and by the increased susceptibility of HIV-positive people to the disease (1C4). (casein-kinases.com)
Antimycobacterial agents1
- Antimicrobial therapy of TB is a challenge due to poor response to drug therapy, and the low permeation of antimycobacterial agents necessitates the long-term use of high drug doses. (dovepress.com)
Drugs8
- Rifadin belongs to a class of drugs called Antitubercular Agents. (rxlist.com)
- Translating these strategies into clinically useful drugs engages the chemistry portion of the group in areas such as chemical modification of promising new synthetic antitubercular compounds, identification and optimization of products derived from natural sources with antitubercular activity, and development of novel delivery methods and formulations. (nih.gov)
- Four forms of a salt combining two antitubercular drugs, clofazimine and 4-aminosalicylic acid, are reported and the crystal structure of two of these forms are described. (unamur.be)
- Now, the types of drugs in the antitubercular section include the following. (nursing.com)
- We administered antitubercular drugs alone and in combination with fruit extract of Lagenaria siceraria (EELS 100mg/kg and EELS 200mg/kg) in healthy albino rats by oral route for 15 days. (ijbcp.com)
- Ethanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria fruit possesses significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity in antitubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity. (ijbcp.com)
- In our case series of four patients two of them had ileocaecal masses with recurrent subacute intestinal obstruction with past history of intake of antitubercular drugs for 9 months. (hindawi.com)
- You now are to be your resources pdf Matters of in a antitubercular hernia, very of resulting to each of those drugs and occurring out their disorder drugs. (lakesinclair.org)
Antibacterial1
- Patient should be treated with local exploration and excision of sinuses that developed at the site, followed by antibacterial agents and anti tubercular medication for six to 9 months. (laparoscopyhospital.com)
Inhibitors2
- This course of inhibitors retains out the guarantee of rational advancement of brand-new anti-tubercular agents. (acmbcb.org)
- These effects as single agents in AML using FLT3 inhibitors have now been, maybe not surprisingly, disappointing. (igf-1rinhibitors.com)
Pulmonary1
- First, individuals who require mandatory LTBI screening include those infected with human immunodeficiency virus, adults and children who encounter active pulmonary TB cases, people taking anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha agents, patients receiving dialysis, those preparing for organ or hematological transplantation, and patients with silicosis. (parasitol.or.kr)
Compounds1
- Several compounds in this class are used as ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS. (bireme.br)
Medicinal1
- D. Sriram, P. Yogeeswari and K. Madhu, "Synthesis and in Vitro Antitubercular Activity of Some 1-[(4-sub) Phenyl]-3-(4-{1-[(Pyridine-4-Carbonyl)Hydrazono]Ethyl} Phenyl)Thiourea," Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2006, pp. 876-878. (scirp.org)
Evaluation1
- An evaluation of the data on the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity shows that 4n and 4v are promising antitubercular agents. (rsc.org)
Antimicrobial Agents and C1
- Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. (unl.pt)
Activity9
- The resulting NPs were characterised in terms of physicochemical characteristics, toxicity, cellular uptake and antitubercular activity. (dovepress.com)
- The application of PLGA-based NPs as sustained-release delivery vehicles for RPT could prolong drug release, modify pharmacokinetics, increase antitubercular activity and diminish toxicity, thereby allowing low dosage and frequency. (dovepress.com)
- This agent also exhibits antiproliferative activity in endometrial tissue and may exhibit chemopreventive and antineoplastic activities in endometrial carcinoma. (medindex.am)
- In addition, this agent binds to muscarinic receptors, resulting in anticholinergic activity. (medindex.am)
- 2018. Discovery and Structure-Activity-Relationship Study of N-Alkyl-5-hydroxypyrimidinone Carboxamides as Novel Antitubercular Agents Targeting Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose 2'-Oxidase. . (cornell.edu)
- 4. DEFINITION substance or agent that reduces the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. (slideshare.net)
- The substance or agent that reduces the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system are called as parasympatholytic agent or Anti cholinergic agent. (slideshare.net)
- 5. DEFINITION substance or agent that inhibit the activity of the acetyl choline. (slideshare.net)
- The substance or agent that inhibit the activity of the acetyl choline are called as parasympatholytic agent or Anti cholinergic agent. (slideshare.net)
Antidiarrheal1
- Which medications in the drug class Antidiarrheal agents are used in the treatment of Acute Gastritis? (medscape.com)
Inhibit1
- Lastly, a model is presented which describes the mechanisms by which distinct efflux pumps of the phagosome-lysosome complex are inhibited by agents that are known to inhibit K + flux. (unl.pt)
Pharmacology1
- Priority nursing concepts for a patient taking antitubercular medications include: infection control and pharmacology. (nursing.com)
Methods1
- Several methods exist for testing the antitubercular potential of plant extracts such as fluorescence-based testing on the Bactec MGIT960 system, use of redox indicator dyes such as alamar blue or resazurin and MTT, using colony forming units (CFU) on solid agar plates. (ijpsr.com)
Potential3
- This review covers the specific characteristics of MDR-TB, identifies a variety of agents that address these characteristics and therefore have potential for managing MDR-TB. (unl.pt)
- Any collective work between these two universities will benefit from the availability of potential anti-tubercular agents of plant origin harboured in the highly bio-diverse forests of Assam and the technical expertise of Dr Bhakta in testing the effectiveness of these agents in a wet lab setting. (bbk.ac.uk)
- The discovery of anti-tubercular agents inhibiting tryptophan synthase highlights the therapeutic potential of this enzyme and draws attention to the prospect of other amino acid biosynthetic pathways as future Mtb drug targets. (aston.ac.uk)
Phenyl2
- Design and synthesis of novel 3(4fluoro3methyl phenyl)1phenyl5(substituted)2pyrazolines as potent analgesic and antiinflammatory agents. (gitam.edu)
- Design and synthesis of novel 1((dimethylamino)methyl)3(4(3(substituted phenyl)4oxothiazolidin2yl)phenylimino)5nitroindolin2ones as potent antitubercular agents. (gitam.edu)
Antiarrhythmic agent1
- The fumarate salt form of ibutilide, a class III antiarrhythmic agent. (medindex.am)
Immunosuppressive agents1
- Treatment of eosinophilic enterocolitis is antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, glucocorticosteroids, and immunosuppressive agents along with surgery for acute surgical emergencies. (hindawi.com)
Mechanism2
- Because the mechanism by which these agents enhance the killing of intracellular bacteria is important for the intelligent design of new anti-tubercular agents, the review correlates the mechanisms by which these agents manifest their effects. (unl.pt)
- Despite the special mechanism of action among ALS relevant therapies, there's too little safety or efficacy data because of this agent in ALS patients. (pparsignaling.com)
Drug3
- The poor response to antitubercular agents necessitates the long-term use of high drug doses, resulting in low patient compliance, which is the main reason for chemotherapy failure and contributes to the development of multidrug-resistant TB. (dovepress.com)
- Extensively drug resistant strains that are resistant to first and second line antitubercular agents have been identified around the world. (ccghe.net)
- Antitubercular drug induced hepatotoxicity is mediated through oxidative and free radical damage to hepatocytes. (ijbcp.com)
Dosage1
- The purpose of present research work was to develop an Emulgels formulation of Terbinafine hydrochloride using carbopol 934 as a gelling agent and propylene Glycol as penetration enhancer for topical delivery with the aim to avoid hepatic first-pass metabolism, to improve stability of emulsion, to reduce dosage regimen and enhance residence time in the treatment of fungal infection. (iajpr.com)
Diseases1
- They had expertise in the use of biological agents for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. (bmj.com)
Search1
- Results of search for 'su:{Antitubercular agents. (who.int)
Therapeutic agents1
- We focus on vulnerabilities in microorganism metabolism that might be targeted by small molecule therapeutic agents. (gwu.edu)
Class1
- A benzoic acid derivative belonging to the meglitinide class of antidiabetic agents. (medindex.am)
Biological1
- As in previous years, the consensus group to consider the use of biological agents was constituted by rheumatologists from the universities of Erlangen, Leiden, and Vienna in Europe in cooperation with other universities in the USA, Canada, and Europe. (bmj.com)
Belongs1
- brand names include: EMB / Etibi / Combutol / Mycobutol / Tibitol / Servambutol / Tibinil) belongs to a group of medicines called antitubercular agents. (antibact911.us)
Journal1
- International Journal Of Antimicrobial Agents. (unl.pt)