OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Antitubercular AgentsMycobacterium tuberculosisStructure-Activity RelationshipMicrobial Sensitivity TestsThioacetazoneIsoniazidAntibiotics, AntitubercularRifampinEthambutolTuberculosis, OcularTuberculosisPyrazinamideNitroimidazolesEthylenediaminesNigellaCryoanesthesiaEthionamideAdamantaneTuberculosis, OsteoarticularMycolic AcidsTuberculosis, GastrointestinalPhenothiazinesTuberculosis, Male GenitalTuberculoma, IntracranialTuberculosis, CutaneousTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantTuberculosis, PulmonaryDrug Dosage CalculationsMolecular StructureDrug DiscoverySouth AfricaOxazolesStreptomycinAntiperspirantsMethylmethacrylatePeriodicals as TopicPubMedBooksPublishingMEDLINEEye DiseasesBacteriologyOphthalmologyNobel PrizeHistory, 19th CenturyBook SelectionHydrazinesTuberculosis, Female GenitalMucoralesHydrazonesRifabutinLopinavirPartnership Practice, DentalRitonavirPyrimidinonesBulimia
Antitubercular Agents: Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy.Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.Structure-Activity Relationship: The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.Microbial Sensitivity Tests: Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217)Isoniazid: Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.Antibiotics, Antitubercular: Substances obtained from various species of microorganisms that are, alone or in combination with other agents, of use in treating various forms of tuberculosis; most of these agents are merely bacteriostatic, induce resistance in the organisms, and may be toxic.Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863)Tuberculosis, Ocular: Tuberculous infection of the eye, primarily the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.Pyrazinamide: A pyrazine that is used therapeutically as an antitubercular agent.NitroimidazolesEthylenediaminesNigella: A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE.Cryoanesthesia: ANESTHESIA achieved by lowering either BODY TEMPERATURE (core cooling) or SKIN TEMPERATURE (external cooling).Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular: Tuberculosis of the bones or joints.Mycolic AcidsTuberculosis, Gastrointestinal: TUBERCULOSIS that involves any region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, mostly in the distal ILEUM and the CECUM. In most cases, MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS is the pathogen. Clinical features include ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and palpable mass in the ileocecal area.Phenothiazines: Compounds containing dibenzo-1,4-thiazine. Some of them are neuroactive.Tuberculosis, Male Genital: MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).Tuberculoma, Intracranial: A well-circumscribed mass composed of tuberculous granulation tissue that may occur in the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brain stem, or perimeningeal spaces. Multiple lesions are quite common. Management of intracranial manifestations vary with lesion site. Intracranial tuberculomas may be associated with SEIZURES, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Spinal cord tuberculomas may be associated with localized or radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, and incontinence. Tuberculomas may arise as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS, but also occur in immunocompetent individuals.Tuberculosis, Cutaneous: Tuberculosis of the skin. It includes scrofuloderma and tuberculid, but not LUPUS VULGARIS.Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant: Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.Tuberculosis, Pulmonary: MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.Drug Dosage Calculations: Math calculations done for preparing appropriate doses of medicines, taking into account conversions of WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Mistakes are one of the sources of MEDICATION ERRORS.Molecular Structure: The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.Drug Discovery: The process of finding chemicals for potential therapeutic use.South Africa: A republic in southern Africa, the southernmost part of Africa. It has three capitals: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). Officially the Republic of South Africa since 1960, it was called the Union of South Africa 1910-1960.Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.Streptomycin: An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis.Antiperspirants: Agents that are put on the SKIN to reduce SWEATING or prevent excess sweating (HYPERHIDROSIS).Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.PubMed: A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.BooksPublishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.MEDLINE: The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).Eye Diseases: Diseases affecting the eye.Bacteriology: The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of bacteria, and BACTERIAL INFECTIONS.Ophthalmology: A surgical specialty concerned with the structure and function of the eye and the medical and surgical treatment of its defects and diseases.Nobel PrizeHistory, 19th Century: Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.Book SelectionHydrazinesTuberculosis, Female Genital: MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).Mucorales: An order of zygomycetous fungi, usually saprophytic, causing damage to food in storage, but which may cause respiratory infection or MUCORMYCOSIS in persons suffering from other debilitating diseases.Hydrazones: Compounds of the general formula R:N.NR2, as resulting from the action of hydrazines with aldehydes or ketones. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Rifabutin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients.Lopinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor used in a fixed-dose combination with RITONAVIR. It is also an inhibitor of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.Partnership Practice, Dental: A voluntary contract between two or more dentists who may or may not share responsibility for the care of patients, with proportional sharing of profits and losses.Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.PyrimidinonesBulimia: Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as "ox hunger".

Epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Texas. (1/3795)

During 1987-1996, over 22,000 tuberculosis cases were reported in Texas, at an average annual incidence rate of 12.5 cases per 100,000 population. Counties with the highest rates were located along the Mexico-Texas border and in northwestern Texas. Nine percent of cases were resistant to at least one of the five first-line antituberculosis drugs used for treatment. Almost 5 percent (4.6%) were resistant to isoniazid, either alone or in combination with other antibiotics; 2.3% were resistant to rifampin; and only 1.3% were resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin. Being a recurrent case, being foreign-born, being 20-39 years of age, and residing in a Mexico-Texas border county were independent risk factors for isoniazid resistance and rifampin resistance. Tuberculosis patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were more likely to have rifampin resistance and less likely to have isoniazid resistance than patients without HIV infection. Factors associated with multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis included a history of previous tuberculosis (relative risk (RR) = 4.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5-6.8), non-US birth (RR = 2.69, 95% CI 2.1-3.5), age younger than 20 years (RR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.1-3.5), age 20-39 years (RR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.3-2.6), and residence in a Mexico-Texas border county (RR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.8-3.1).  (+info)

Issues in the treatment of active tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. (2/3795)

Most HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis can be treated satisfactorily with standard regimens with expectations of good results. Treatment of tuberculosis in these patients has been complicated by the introduction of HAART, which relies on drugs that interfere with the most potent class of antituberculous medications. Rifampin-free regimens or regimens that employ rifabutin may be acceptable strategies for patients who are receiving protease inhibitors, although these regimens have not been rigorously evaluated in patients with AIDS. At present, there is good reason to believe that a 6-month course of a rifabutin-containing regimen or a 9-12-month course of a regimen of streptomycin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide should be adequate therapy for most patients with drug-susceptible disease. As the treatment of HIV infection with antiretroviral agents evolves, the treatment of tuberculosis in patients with AIDS is likely to evolve as well. This will require careful coordination of antituberculosis and antiretroviral therapies.  (+info)

Reduced pyrazinamidase activity and the natural resistance of Mycobacterium kansasii to the antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide. (3/3795)

Pyrazinamide (PZA), an analog of nicotinamide, is a prodrug that requires conversion to the bactericidal compound pyrazinoic acid (POA) by the bacterial pyrazinamidase (PZase) activity of nicotinamidase to show activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mutations leading to a loss of PZase activity cause PZA resistance in M. tuberculosis. M. kansasii is naturally resistant to PZA and has reduced PZase activity along with an apparently detectable nicotinamidase activity. The role of the reduction in PZase activity in the natural PZA resistance of M. kansasii is unknown. The MICs of PZA and POA for M. kansasii were determined to be 500 and 125 micrograms/ml, respectively. Using [14C]PZA and [14C]nicotinamide, we found that M. kansasii had about 5-fold-less PZase activity and about 25-fold-less nicotinamidase activity than M. tuberculosis. The M. kansasii pncA gene was cloned on a 1.8-kb BamHI DNA fragment, using M. avium pncA probe. Sequence analysis showed that the M. kansasii pncA gene encoded a protein with homology to its counterparts from M. tuberculosis (69.9%), M. avium (65.6%), and Escherichia coli (28.5%). Transformation of naturally PZA-resistant M. bovis BCG with M. kansasii pncA conferred partial PZA susceptibility. Transformation of M. kansasii with M. avium pncA caused functional expression of PZase and high-level susceptibility to PZA, indicating that the natural PZA resistance in M. kansasii results from a reduced PZase activity. Like M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii accumulated POA in the cells at an acidic pH; however, due to its highly active POA efflux pump, the naturally PZA-resistant species M. smegmatis did not. These findings suggest the existence of a weak POA efflux mechanism in M. kansasii.  (+info)

Pharmacokinetics of ethambutol under fasting conditions, with food, and with antacids. (4/3795)

Ethambutol (EMB) is the most frequent "fourth drug" used for the empiric treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a frequently used drug for infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex. The pharmacokinetics of EMB in serum were studied with 14 healthy males and females in a randomized, four-period crossover study. Subjects ingested single doses of EMB of 25 mg/kg of body weight under fasting conditions twice, with a high-fat meal, and with aluminum-magnesium antacid. Serum was collected for 48 h and assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed by noncompartmental methods and by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with zero-order absorption and first-order elimination. Both fasting conditions produced similar results: a mean (+/- standard deviation) EMB maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax) of 4.5 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml, time to maximum concentration of drug in serum (Tmax) of 2.5 +/- 0.9 h, and area under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity (AUC0-infinity) of 28.9 +/- 4.7 micrograms.h/ml. In the presence of antacids, subjects had a mean Cmax of 3.3 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml, Tmax of 2.9 +/- 1.2 h, and AUC0-infinity of 27.5 +/- 5.9 micrograms.h/ml. In the presence of the Food and Drug Administration high-fat meal, subjects had a mean Cmax of 3.8 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml, Tmax of 3.2 +/- 1.3 h, and AUC0-infinity of 29.6 +/- 4.7 micrograms.h/ml. These reductions in Cmax, delays in Tmax, and modest reductions in AUC0-infinity can be avoided by giving EMB on an empty stomach whenever possible.  (+info)

Use of site-directed mutagenesis to probe the structure, function and isoniazid activation of the catalase/peroxidase, KatG, from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (5/3795)

A series of mutants bearing single amino acid substitutions often encountered in the catalase/peroxidase, KatG, from isoniazid-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been produced by site-directed mutagenesis. The resultant enzymes were overexpressed, purified and characterized. Replacing Cys-20 by Ser abolished disulphide-bridge formation, but did not affect either dimerization of the enzyme or catalysis. The substitution of Thr-275, which is probably involved in electron transfer from the haem, by proline resulted in a highly unstable enzyme with insignificant enzyme activities. The most commonly occurring substitution in drug-resistant clinical isolates is the replacement of Ser-315 by Thr; this lowered catalase and peroxidase activities by 50% and caused a significant decrease in the KatG-mediated inhibition of the activity of the NADH-dependent enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] reductase, InhA, in vitro. The ability of this enzyme to produce free radicals from isoniazid was severely impaired, as judged by its loss of NitroBlue Tetrazolium reduction activity. Replacement of Leu-587 by Pro resulted in marked instability of KatG, indicating that the C-terminal domain is also important for structural and functional integrity.  (+info)

Susceptibility of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to amoxycillin in combination with clavulanic acid and ethambutol. (6/3795)

Thirty clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 20 of which were multidrug-resistant (MDR), were tested for susceptibility to different combinations of amoxycillin, clavulanic acid and subinhibitory concentrations of ethambutol. beta-Lactamase production was assessed semiquantitatively with the nitrocefin method and susceptibility testing was performed with the BACTEC method. All isolates were beta-lactamase positive and were resistant to 16 mg/L amoxycillin. The MIC of amoxycillin in combination with clavulanic acid was > or =2 mg/L for 27/30 (90%) isolates. Addition of subinhibitory concentrations of ethambutol significantly reduced the MIC of amoxycillin for all tested isolates. Twenty-nine (97%) isolates had an MIC of amoxycillin of < or =0.5 mg/L when subinhibitory concentrations of ethambutol were added; this is well below the concentrations achievable in serum and tissue.  (+info)

Molecular evidence for heterogeneity of the multiple-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis population in Scotland (1990 to 1997). (7/3795)

Multiple-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-MTB) has been well studied in hospitals or health care institutions and in human immunodeficiency virus-infected populations. However, the characteristics of MDR-MTB in the community have not been well investigated. An understanding of its prevalence and circulation within the community will help to estimate the problem and optimize the strategies for control and prevention of its development and transmission. In this study, MDR-MTB isolates from Scotland collected between 1990 and 1997 were characterized, along with non-drug-resistant isolates. The results showed that they were genetically diverse, suggesting they were unrelated to each other and had probably evolved independently. Several new alleles of rpoB, katG, and ahpC were identified: rpoB codon 525 (ACC-->AAC; Thr525Asn); katG codon 128 (CGG-->CAG; Arg128Gln) and codon 291 (GCT-->CCT; Ala291Pro); and the ahpC synonymous substitution at codon 6 (ATT-->ATC). One of the MDR-MTB isolates from an Asian patient had an IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern very similar to that of the MDR-MTB W strain and had the same drug resistance-related alleles but did not have any epidemiological connection with the W strains. Additionally, a cluster of M. tuberculosis isolates was identified in our collection of 715 clinical isolates; the isolates in this cluster had genetic backgrounds very similar to those of the W strains, one of which had already developed multiple drug resistances. The diverse population of MDR-MTB in Scotland, along with a low incidence of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis, has implications for the control of the organism and prevention of its spread.  (+info)

Rapid film-based determination of antibiotic susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains by using a luciferase reporter phage and the Bronx Box. (8/3795)

Detecting antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is becoming increasingly important with the global recognition of drug-resistant strains and their adverse impact on clinical outcomes. Current methods of susceptibility testing are either time-consuming or costly; rapid, reliable, simple, and inexpensive methods would be highly desirable, especially in the developing world where most tuberculosis is found. The luciferase reporter phage is a unique reagent well-suited for this purpose: upon infection with viable mycobacteria, it produces quantifiable light which is not observed in mycobacterial cells treated with active antimicrobials. In this report, we describe a modification of our original assay, which allows detection of the emitted light with a Polaroid film box designated the Bronx Box. The technique has been applied to 25 M. tuberculosis reference and clinical strains, and criteria are presented which allow rapid and simple discrimination among strains susceptible or resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, the major antituberculosis agents.  (+info)

Evaluation of microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay for diagnosis of multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in Viet Nam |...Evaluation of microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay for diagnosis of multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in Viet Nam |...
Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is important for the elimination of TB. We evaluated the microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) assay as a direct rapid drug susceptibility testing (DST) method for MDR-TB screening in sputum samples All adult TB suspects, who were newly presenting to Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital from August to November 2008 were enrolled into the study. Processed sputum samples were used for DST by MODS (DST-MODS) (Rifampicin (RIF) 1 μg/ml and Isoniazid (INH) 0.4 μg/ml), MGIT culture (Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube) and Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) culture. Cultures positive by either MGIT or LJ were used for proportional DST (DST-LJ) (RIF 40 μg/ml and INH 0.2 μg/ml). DST profiles on MODS and LJ were compared. Discrepant results were resolved by multiplex allele specific PCR (MAS-PCR). Seven hundred and nine TB suspects/samples were enrolled into the study, of which 300 samples with DST profiles available from both MODS and
IN VITRO STUDY OF URSOLIC ACID COMBINATION FIRST-LINE ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AGAINST DRUG-SENSITIVE AND DRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS...IN VITRO STUDY OF URSOLIC ACID COMBINATION FIRST-LINE ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AGAINST DRUG-SENSITIVE AND DRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS...
IN VITRO STUDY OF URSOLIC ACID COMBINATION FIRST-LINE ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AGAINST DRUG-SENSITIVE AND DRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS OF Mycobacterium tuberculosis
In vitro effect of three-drug combinations of antituberculous agents against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis...In vitro effect of three-drug combinations of antituberculous agents against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis...
TY - JOUR. T1 - In vitro effect of three-drug combinations of antituberculous agents against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. AU - Rey-Jurado, Emma. AU - Tudó, Griselda. AU - De La Bellacasa, Jorge Puig. AU - Espasa, Mateu. AU - González-Martín, Julian. PY - 2013/3/1. Y1 - 2013/3/1. N2 - Multidrug resistance has become a problem in the management of tuberculosis, leading to an urgent need for research related to new regimens including the currently available drugs. The objectives of this study were: (i) to study the effect of the following second-choice three-drug combinations against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and drug-susceptible clinical isolates (levofloxacin, linezolid and ethambutol; levofloxacin, amikacin and ethambutol; and levofloxacin, linezolid and amikacin); and (ii) to compare the effect of these combinations with an isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol combination against drug-susceptible clinical isolates. A total of 9 MDR clinical and 12 drug-susceptible ...
Safety and Efficacy of Two Once Daily Anti Retroviral Treatment Regimens Along With Anti-tuberculosis Treatment - Full Text...Safety and Efficacy of Two Once Daily Anti Retroviral Treatment Regimens Along With Anti-tuberculosis Treatment - Full Text...
Description of Agent or Intervention:. The study intervention is to start patients with HIV and tuberculosis on anti-retroviral treatment along with the continuation phase of anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT)ie after completion of first two months of treatment. The anti-TB regimen used in this trial will be 2EHRZ3/4RH3. Two different once-daily regimens are being compared for their efficacy and adverse event profile, namely ddI + 3TC + NVP versus ddI + 3TC + EFZ. The primary aim is to study the outcome of patients treated with both ART and ATT at 6 months (24 weeks of ART). A secondary objective is to compare the utility of partially supervised directly observed treatment with unsupervised administration of anti-retroviral drugs.. Patients with HIV-1 infection and active tuberculosis (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) will be started on a four-drug intermittent short-course anti-TB regimen on recruitment to the trial. They will be randomized at the end of intensive phase of ATT to receive either of ...
Safety and Efficacy of Two Once Daily Anti Retroviral Treatment Regimens Along With Anti-tuberculosis Treatment - Full Text...Safety and Efficacy of Two Once Daily Anti Retroviral Treatment Regimens Along With Anti-tuberculosis Treatment - Full Text...
Description of Agent or Intervention:. The study intervention is to start patients with HIV and tuberculosis on anti-retroviral treatment along with the continuation phase of anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT)ie after completion of first two months of treatment. The anti-TB regimen used in this trial will be 2EHRZ3/4RH3. Two different once-daily regimens are being compared for their efficacy and adverse event profile, namely ddI + 3TC + NVP versus ddI + 3TC + EFZ. The primary aim is to study the outcome of patients treated with both ART and ATT at 6 months (24 weeks of ART). A secondary objective is to compare the utility of partially supervised directly observed treatment with unsupervised administration of anti-retroviral drugs.. Patients with HIV-1 infection and active tuberculosis (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) will be started on a four-drug intermittent short-course anti-TB regimen on recruitment to the trial. They will be randomized at the end of intensive phase of ATT to receive either of ...
Implementation of a national anti-tuberculosis drug resistance survey in Tanzania - GOV.UKImplementation of a national anti-tuberculosis drug resistance survey in Tanzania - GOV.UK
Background. A drug resistance survey is an essential public health management tool for evaluating and improving the performance of National Tuberculosis control programmes. The current manuscript describes the implementation of the first national drug resistance survey in Tanzania. Methods. Description of the implementation process of a national anti-tuberculosis drug resistance survey in Tanzania, in relation to the study protocol and Standard Operating Procedures. Results. Factors contributing positively to the implementation of the survey were a continuous commitment of the key stakeholders, the existence of a well organized National Tuberculosis Programme, and a detailed design of cluster-specific arrangements for rapid sputum transportation. Factors contributing negatively to the implementation were a long delay between training and actual survey activities, limited monitoring of activities, and an unclear design of the data capture forms leading to difficulties in form-filling. Conclusion. ...
Rapid determination of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance from whole-genome sequences | Genome Medicine | Full TextRapid determination of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance from whole-genome sequences | Genome Medicine | Full Text
Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance (DR) challenges effective tuberculosis disease control. Current molecular tests examine limited numbers of mutations, and although whole genome sequencing approaches could fully characterise DR, data complexity has restricted their clinical application. A library (1,325 mutations) predictive of DR for 15 anti-tuberculosis drugs was compiled and validated for 11 of them using genomic-phenotypic data from 792 strains. A rapid online TB-Profiler tool was developed to report DR and strain-type profiles directly from raw sequences. Using our DR mutation library, in silico diagnostic accuracy was superior to some commercial diagnostics and alternative databases. The library will facilitate sequence-based drug-susceptibility testing.
Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity of 2-(substituted phenyl/benzyl-amino)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-4-methyl-3...Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity of 2-(substituted phenyl/benzyl-amino)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-4-methyl-3...
A series of 2-(substituted phenyl/benzyl-amino)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-4-methyl-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1-ium chlorides 7-13 and 15 was synthesized in their hydrochloride salt form. The title compounds were characterized by FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C) and elemental analysis. They were evaluated for their in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, multidrug resistance tuberculosis and extensively drug resistance tuberculosis by agar diffusion method and tested for the cytotoxic action on peripheral blood mononuclear cells by MTT assay. Among all the tested compounds in the series, compounds 7 and 11 emerged as promising antitubercular agents at 16 μg/mL against multidrug resistance tuberculosis and over 64 μg/mL against extensively drug resistance tuberculosis. The conformational features and supramolecular assembly of the promising compounds 7 and 11 were determined by single crystal X-ray study. ...
Global trends in resistance to antituberculosis drugs World He | GABA PathwayGlobal trends in resistance to antituberculosis drugs World He | GABA Pathway
Global trends in resistance to antituberculosis drugs. World Health Organization-International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Working Group on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance.. N Engl J Med 2001,344(17):1294-1303.PubMedCrossRef 4. Van Rie A, Enarson D: XDR tuberculosis: an indicator of public-health negligence. Lancet 2006,368(9547):1554-1556.PubMedCrossRef 5. Daffe M, Draper see more P: The envelope layers of mycobacteria with reference to their pathogenicity. Adv Microb Physiol 1998, 39:131-203.PubMedCrossRef 6. Lee RE, Brennan PJ, Besra GS: Mycobacteriumtuberculosis cell envelope. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1996, 215:1-27.PubMed 7. Zhang Y, Telenti A: Genetics of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis . In Ulixertinib purchase Molecular genetics of mycobacteria. Edited by: Hatfull GF, Jacobs WR Jr. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press; 2000:235-254. 8. Jackson M, Crick DC, Brennan PJ: Phosphatidylinositol is an essential phospholipid of mycobacteria. J Biol Chem ...
Review of Evidence for Measuring Drug Concentrations of First-Line Antitubercular Agents in AdultsReview of Evidence for Measuring Drug Concentrations of First-Line Antitubercular Agents in Adults
Measurement of drug concentrations and performing therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) are widely used to optimize efficacy and safety of many commonly used drugs today. Although TDM of first-line antitubercular drugs is used during the treatment of tuberculosis, the extent of any benefit achieved is currently unknown. This review summarizes the available literature describing TDM of first-line treatment agents in patients with tuberculosis and describes clinical associations with achievement of target drug concentrations, including data from special populations. A literature review was conducted for articles describing drug concentration and TDM outcomes for first-line tuberculosis agents in adults. A total of 40 studies were included in the review. Studies were a mixture of controlled trials, observational studies, cross-sectional studies, and case reports. The majority of the studies showed standard dosing does not consistently achieve target concentrations for the first-line antitubercular ...
Incidence and risk factors of major toxicity associated to first-line antituberculosis drugs for latent and active tuberculosis...Incidence and risk factors of major toxicity associated to first-line antituberculosis drugs for latent and active tuberculosis...
Adverse reactions. The most frequent ADR was hepatitis. Five of these patients were alcoholic, two had a previous history of chronic liver disease and one was HIV-positive. Asymptomatic hepatotoxicity occurred in 35 cases and the remaining 18 were symptomatic. The most common symptoms were nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. One female patient with no history of comorbid conditions had a poor outcome and needed liver transplantation while all others had complete liver transaminases normalization.. Rash occurred in five cases, with itchiness in three of them, and was the second most frequent adverse reaction.. One patient with chronic inflammatory arthritis and LTBI suffered gastrointestinal toxicity associated to RIF. One other patient with LTBI and no significant comorbid conditions had an episode of angioedema 25 days after initiating INH plus RIF anti-TB regimen which was subsequently interrupted. EMB was responsible for one single case of ocular toxicity in a patient with genitourinary TB ...
Effect of Immunomodulator Dzherelo In HIV/TB co-Infected patients receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy under DOTS - Міжнародна...Effect of Immunomodulator Dzherelo In HIV/TB co-Infected patients receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy under DOTS - Міжнародна...
Effect of Immunomodulator Dzherelo In HIV/TB co-Infected patients receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy under DOTS. Міжнародна діяльність. Екомед
Changes in CD4+ T-cells and HIV RNA resulting from combination of anti-TB therapy with Dzherelo in TB/HIV dually infected...Changes in CD4+ T-cells and HIV RNA resulting from combination of anti-TB therapy with Dzherelo in TB/HIV dually infected...
Changes in CD4+ T-cells and HIV RNA resulting from combination of anti-TB therapy with Dzherelo in TB/HIV dually infected patients. Международная деятельность. Экомед
Antituberculosis Drugs Manufacturer,Antituberculosis Drugs Exporter From IndiaAntituberculosis Drugs Manufacturer,Antituberculosis Drugs Exporter From India
UNITED BIOTECH (P) LTD is Manufacturer and exporter of Antituberculosis Drugs,Atorvastatin Tablets,Ganciclovir Capsules,Heparin Injection based in Delhi,In
Recent Development and Future Perspective of Antitubercular Therapy | Bentham ScienceRecent Development and Future Perspective of Antitubercular Therapy | Bentham Science
Title: Recent Development and Future Perspective of Antitubercular Therapy. VOLUME: 9 ISSUE: 2. Author(s):Mahesh Chhabria, Shailesh Patel and Mitesh Jani. Affiliation:Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380 009, India.. Keywords:Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MDR, &, XDR TB, novel targets, ligands. Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) has remained an enemy of humankind before the beginning of recorded history. Although it is curable and preventable, TB claims the lives of more than 5,000 people every day. Despite of availability of effective chemotherapy and BCG vaccine in 21st century, TB remains one of the most deadly infectious diseases. The concomitant resurgence of TB with the Multi-drug resistant (MDR) or Extremely drug resistant (XDR)-TB and HIV/AIDS pandemic raises the threat posed by untreatable and fatal human TB, exposing the frailties of the current drug armatorium. No new drug is available acting through novel mechanism since last 40 years. The ...
Second-line anti-tuberculosis drug concentrations for susceptibility testing in the MODS assay - LSHTM Research Online |...Second-line anti-tuberculosis drug concentrations for susceptibility testing in the MODS assay - LSHTM Research Online |...
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) threatens TB control worldwide. The microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) assay is a low-cost, high-performance TB diagnostic tool for rapid liquid culture and direct isoniazid and rifampicin drug susceptibility testing (DST). The objective of this study was to explore the potential for extending the MODS assay to rapid second-line DST and to identify critical concentrations of candidate drugs for prospective testing. Sputum samples from 94 TB culture-positive patients receiving second-line TB agents were cultured following standardised MODS protocols, with a range of titrations of antimicrobial drugs added. Critical concentrations were determined using a modified Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis. Candidate critical concentrations were determined for capreomycin (10 mu g.mL(-1)), ciprofloxacin (1.25 mu g.mL(-1)), cycloserine (40 mu g.mL(-1)), ethambutol (10 mu g.mL(-1)), ethionamide (5 mu g.mL(-1)), kanamycin (5 mu g.mL(-1)) ...
Quantitative Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Use of MGIT 960 and EpiCenter Instrumentation |...Quantitative Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Use of MGIT 960 and EpiCenter Instrumentation |...
With the global rise of MDR strains, there is an increasing need to determine susceptibility to first and second-line anti-TB agents exactly. Treatment of patients with drug-resistant TB should be based on reliable and quantitative measures of susceptibility testing, a cornerstone for preventing further amplification of resistance (18) and for optimally exploiting available compounds. Detailed knowledge on quantitative drug resistance may guide empirical treatment of drug-resistant TB, e.g., addressing whether and when to add second-line drugs. A fundamental drawback to this strategy is that even in industrialized countries, only a limited panel of anti-TB drug concentrations is tested, leaving the exact resistance level of clinical M. tuberculosis isolates vestigial. In principle, automatic systems have the potential to meet the challenge of precise determinations of drug resistance levels with reasonable labor input. The MGIT 960 platform has been extensively validated for testing ...
The Effect of Initial Drug Resistance on Treatment Response and Acquired Drug Resistance during Standardized Short-Course...The Effect of Initial Drug Resistance on Treatment Response and Acquired Drug Resistance during Standardized Short-Course...
Background. In Tomsk Oblast, Russian Federation, during the period of 1996-2000, most previously untreated patients with tuberculosis received standardized short-course chemotherapy, irrespective of drug-susceptibility testing results. A retrospective analysis was done to determine the effect of initial drug resistance on treatment outcome and acquired drug resistance in new patients receiving standardized short-course chemotherapy.. Methods. During the period of 1 November 1996 through 31 December 2000, a total of 2194 patients received a category 1 treatment regimen. Drug susceptibility test results for 1681 patients were available for analysis. Drug resistance patterns before and during treatment were compared for 73 patients whose culture results were persistently positive during treatment. Acquired resistance was defined as new drug resistance (during or at the end of treatment) that was not present at the beginning of treatment.. Results. Pretreatment drug resistance was strongly ...
Malnourished children in India below three years are underdosed for first-line TB drugs - Science ChronicleMalnourished children in India below three years are underdosed for first-line TB drugs - Science Chronicle
The ultimate goal of evidence-based drug treatment is to produce a desired pharmacological response in a predictable manner and also to minimise adverse effects," notes a June 2013 paper published in the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. The two goals can be achieved only when the correct therapeutic drug dosage of anti-TB drugs required by children, particularly those younger than five years, and the age-related differences in toxicity and pharmacokinetics are well studied and known.. "Pharmacokinetics is the metabolism of the drugs in humans," Dr. Peter R. Donald, Emeritus Professor in the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health of the Faculty of Health Sciences at Stellenbosch University, South Africa said in an email to this Correspondent. "The pharmacokinetics of first-line anti-TB drugs is not known for children younger than two years.". Since children have "relatively greater mass of liver in proportion to total body weight," they metabolise and eliminate drugs ...
TB Alliance Sublicenses Promising Anti-Tuberculosis Drug from the Medicines Patent Pool | Africa Science NewsTB Alliance Sublicenses Promising Anti-Tuberculosis Drug from the Medicines Patent Pool | Africa Science News
TB is the cause of the largest killer of humanity, killing nearly 2 million people each year. The poor efficacy of existing TB drugs requires that they be administered in a multi drug regimen for at least six months. This results in poor patient compliance and leads to development of multidrug-‐resistant TB (MDR-‐TB) and extremely drug-‐resistant TB (XDR-‐TB). Decades of misuse of existing antibiotics and poor compliance have created an epidemic of drug resistance that threatens TB control programs worldwide ...
The effects of antituberculous drugs on the catalase-activities of sensitive and resistant strains of human type tubercle...The effects of antituberculous drugs on the catalase-activities of sensitive and resistant strains of human type tubercle...
Semantic Scholar extracted view of [The effects of antituberculous drugs on the catalase-activities of sensitive and resistant strains of human type tubercle bacilli]. by Yoshio Nakano
Lifescience Marketplace - Highlighted Products #37Lifescience Marketplace - Highlighted Products #37
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A Two-Cent Drug Can Treat Tuberculosis But Probably Wont Be UsedA Two-Cent Drug Can Treat Tuberculosis But Probably Won't Be Used
A drug that costs just two cents for a daily dose can treat tuberculosis, even a drug-resistant form of the disease, new research says.
HIV/TB Co-infection | Science Speaks: Global ID NewsHIV/TB Co-infection | Science Speaks: Global ID News
Around much of the world where rates of HIV-tuberculosis co-infection are highest, one of the challenges killing patients has been the wait to discover if their TB would respond to the most common treatments. A four-year South Africa study of co-infected patients showed starting treatment for HIV during the course of anti-tuberculosis treatment, rather than […]. ...
Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia - Treatment by linezolid of lung TB caused by drug resistant mycobacterium (MBT)Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia - Treatment by linezolid of lung TB caused by drug resistant mycobacterium (MBT)
Content and methods: in St-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology from 2013 to 2015, 49 patients with XDR lung TB, from 18 to 60 have been treated. Linezolid was used in 24 patients with XDR-TB during the first 6 months of intensive phase of treatment in the dose - 600 mg per day intravenously, by drop infusion in combination with 5-6 anti TB drugs taking into account range of MBT drug resistance Studied group (group I). Control group -group II(n=25), used 5-6 anti TB drugs without linezolid.We carried out statistical analysis with the use of the program Statistica 6.0. We applied the criterion chi-square(χ2 ...
Evaluation of optimized bronchoalveolar lavage sampling designs for characterization of pulmonary drug distributionEvaluation of optimized bronchoalveolar lavage sampling designs for characterization of pulmonary drug distribution
With approximately nine million new cases and the attributable cause of death of an estimated two millions people every year there is an urgent need for new and effective drugs and treatment regimens targeting tuberculosis. The tuberculosis drug development pathway is however not ideal, containing non-predictive model systems and unanswered questions that may increase the risk of failure during late-phase drug development. The aim of this thesis was hence to develop pharmacometric tools in order to optimize the development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs and treatment regimens.. The General Pulmonary Distribution model was developed allowing for prediction of both rate and extent of distribution from plasma to pulmonary tissue. A distribution characterization that is of high importance as most current used anti-tuberculosis drugs were introduced into clinical use without considering the pharmacokinetic properties influencing drug distribution to the site of action. The developed optimized ...
Studies on the endogenous metabolism of mycobacteria. 2. On the influence of enzyme inhibitors and effective antitubercular...Studies on the endogenous metabolism of mycobacteria. 2. On the influence of enzyme inhibitors and effective antitubercular...
Semantic Scholar extracted view of [Studies on the endogenous metabolism of mycobacteria. 2. On the influence of enzyme inhibitors and effective antitubercular substances on 32 P-incorporation]. by H. Iwainsky et al.
Proactively Treating HIV Patients at Risk for Tuberculosis with Multidrug TB Therapy Doesnt Save More LivesProactively Treating HIV Patients at Risk for Tuberculosis with Multidrug TB Therapy Doesn't Save More Lives
In what investigators say is a surprise finding, results of a new study appear to strongly affirm the effectiveness of prescribing the anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid alone - in place of the standard four-drug regimen - to prevent TB and reduce death in people with advanced HIV/AIDS infections. Those with HIV and AIDS are highly susceptible to TB.
Doctors Without Borders Reports at Union World Conference on Lung Health on Use of New TB Drugs | MSF USADoctors Without Borders Reports at Union World Conference on Lung Health on Use of New TB Drugs | MSF USA
NEW YORK/LIVERPOOL, OCTOBER 26, 2016 - At the annual Union World Conference on Lung Health, which started in Liverpool today, Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is sharing its experience of using the new tuberculosis drugs bedaquiline and delamanid to treat people with drug-resistant TB. MSF is also involved in two clinical trials to test new TB treatments, both of which will start enrolling patients soon.
Free Medical Flashcards about Anti-TB DrugsFree Medical Flashcards about Anti-TB Drugs
Free flashcards to help memorize facts about Anti-TB Drugs. Other activities to help include hangman, crossword, word scramble, games, matching, quizes, and tests.
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The ability of M. tuberculosis to develop resistances to antibiotics was described in the very first randomised clinical trial conducted with streptomycin and published in 1948 [6]. The first great lesson learnt from early randomised clinical trials was that using TB drugs in monotherapy, or in poor combinations, would lead to the selection of resistance to these drugs [5]. Thus, as a result of the misuse of the available drugs, mono-resistant TB started to develop, followed by poly-resistant TB (resistance to two or more drugs), multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB (resistance to at least H+R), and extensively-drug resistant (XDR)-TB (defined as MDR-TB plus resistance to at least one fluoroquinolone (FQ) and one second-line injectable drug). The need for definitions beyond XDR-TB is a currently an issue of debate.. The definitions in the field of anti-TB drug resistance should be based on two main factors: 1) the capacity to reliably test anti-TB drugs in the laboratory, and 2) the possible different ...
Pediatric FDC: Continuation Phase | TB AlliancePediatric FDC: Continuation Phase | TB Alliance
Improved medicines for children with drug-sensitive TB means tablets in the correct fixed dose combinations of the commonly used anti-TB drugs.The combination of rifampicin + Isoniazid is used for the final four months of TB treatment, sometimes called the "continuation phase." These products offer significant advantages over previous drugs including:. ...
Current Medical Issues : Table of ContentsCurrent Medical Issues : Table of Contents
Context: While lack of physicians and surgeons in rural India has received wide publicity, minimal attention has been spared for lack of ancillary personnel, such as surgical assistants. Personnel with no formal training often play the role of surgical assistant. This study evaluates the efficacy of "In-service training" of orthopedic surgical assistants in a rural mission hospital. Methodology: A retrospective, one group pre- and post-test experimental study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the "In-service training" program for surgical assistants who participated in orthopedic procedures conducted over a 5-year period (2011-2016), at a rural mission hospital. Data were collected from the hospitals Orthopedic Department database from July 2011 to March 2016. All orthopedic surgical assistants included in the study were classified according to their highest educational qualification and duration of "In-service training" program. Initial and final level of competence of each ...
Buy Ethambutol OnlineBuy Ethambutol Online
... ! Ethambutol is used with other medications to treat tuberculosis (TB). Ethambutol is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Two New Classes of TB Drugs -- the First in 40 Years -- Advance Through Phase II Studies - TheBody.comTwo New Classes of TB Drugs -- the First in 40 Years -- Advance Through Phase II Studies - TheBody.com
Since the heyday of TB drug development in the 1950s and 60s, no new class of TB drugs has been approved to treat the disease. However, over the past few ...
Eleanor Roosevelts Doctors Vindicated 40 Years after Her Death | Dr. Gabe Mirkin on HealthEleanor Roosevelt's Doctors Vindicated 40 Years after Her Death | Dr. Gabe Mirkin on Health
On August 3, 1962, she was admitted to the Columbia Presbyterian Hospital in New York City to be treated for a severe cough, night sweats, and fever. The doctors considered that she could be infected with TB, but her chest X ray was normal. On September 26, she was admitted to the hospital for high fever, coughing, feeling very sick and tired, and bleeding from her colon. A chest X ray again was normal and showed no evidence of TB. However, she had excellent physicians who still looked for TB. The diagnosis takes a long time because doctors had to wait many weeks for the TB germ to grow in the laboratory. The doctors cultured her lung mucous for TB and four weeks later, it grew out TB. She started treatment with the standard tuberculosis regimen at that time used throughout the world, of two anti-tuberculous drugs called isoniazid and streptomycin ...
Shortage of Fixed-Dose Combination of Antituberculous Drugs in Spain | Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition)Shortage of Fixed-Dose Combination of Antituberculous Drugs in Spain | Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition)
Archivos de Bronconeumologia (http: www.archbronconeumol.org) publishes original studies whose content is based upon results dealing with several aspects of respiratory diseases such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinics, surgery, and basic investigation. Other types of articles such as reviews, editorials, special articles, clinical reports, and letters to the Editor are also published in the Journal. It is a monthly Journal that publishes a total of 12 issues, which contain these types of articles to different extents. All manuscripts are sent to peer-review and handled by the Editor or an Associate Editor from the team. The Journal is published both in Spanish and English. Therefore, the submission of manuscripts written in either Spanish or English is welcome. Translators working for the Journal are in charge of the corresponding translations. Manuscripts will be submitted electronically using the following web site: http://ees.elsevier.com/arbr, link which is also accessible through the ...
Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients by microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay. - Nuffield...Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients by microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay. - Nuffield...
The microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay (MODS) is a novel and promising test for the early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). We evaluated the MODS assay for the early diagnosis of TB in HIV-positive patients presenting to Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases in southern Vietnam. A total of 738 consecutive sputum samples collected from 307 HIV-positive individuals suspected of TB were tested by smear, MODS, and the mycobacteria growth indicator tube method (MGIT). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of MODS compared to the microbiological gold standard (either smear or MGIT) were 87 and 93%, respectively. The sensitivities of smear, MODS, and MGIT were 57, 71, and 75%, respectively, against clinical gold standard (MODS versus smear, P|0.001; MODS versus MGIT, P=0.03). The clinical gold standard was defined as patients who had a clinical examination and treatment consistent with TB, with or without microbiological confirmation. For the diagnosis of smear-negative
Antituberculous drugs | definition of antituberculous drugs by Medical dictionaryAntituberculous drugs | definition of antituberculous drugs by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of antituberculous drugs in the Medical Dictionary? antituberculous drugs explanation free. What is antituberculous drugs? Meaning of antituberculous drugs medical term. What does antituberculous drugs mean?
AID 739417 - Antitubercular activity against extensively drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis R506 by microplate Alamar...AID 739417 - Antitubercular activity against extensively drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis R506 by microplate Alamar...
BioAssay record AID 739417 submitted by ChEMBL: Antitubercular activity against extensively drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis R506 by microplate Alamar Blue assay.
AID 1084878 - Antitubercular activity against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by NCCLS agar dilution method -...AID 1084878 - Antitubercular activity against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by NCCLS agar dilution method -...
BioAssay record AID 1084878 submitted by ChEMBL: Antitubercular activity against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by NCCLS agar dilution method.
Table 2 - Isoniazid Preventive Therapy and Risk for Resistant Tuberculosis - Volume 12, Number 5-May 2006 - Emerging Infectious...Table 2 - Isoniazid Preventive Therapy and Risk for Resistant Tuberculosis - Volume 12, Number 5-May 2006 - Emerging Infectious...
In the context of tuberculosis (TB) resurgence, isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is increasingly promoted, but concerns about the risk for development of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis may hinder its widespread implementation. We conducted a systematic review of data published since 1951 to assess the effect of primary IPT on the risk for isoniazid-resistant TB. Different definitions of isoniazid resistance were used, which affected summary effect estimates; we report the most consistent results. When all 13 studies (N = 18,095 persons in isoniazid groups and N = 17,985 persons in control groups) were combined, the summary relative risk for resistance was 1.45 (95% confidence interval 0.85-2.47). Results were similar when studies of HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected persons were considered separately. Analyses were limited by small numbers and incomplete testing of isolates, but findings do not exclude an increased risk for isoniazid-resistant TB after IPT. The diagnosis of active TB should be
Table 2 - Drug Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype and Association with MDR TB - Volume 18, Number 4...Table 2 - Drug Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype and Association with MDR TB - Volume 18, Number 4...
To determine differences in the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to withstand antituberculosis drug treatment, we compared the activity of antituberculosis drugs against susceptible Beijing and East-African/Indian genotype M. tuberculosis strains. Beijing genotype strains showed high rates of mutation within a wide range of drug concentrations, possibly explaining this genotypes association with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
The prevalence and factors associated for anti-tuberculosis treatment non-adherence among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in...The prevalence and factors associated for anti-tuberculosis treatment non-adherence among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in...
Evidence exists pointing out how non-adherence to treatment remains a major hurdle to efficient tuberculosis control in developing countries. Many tuberculosis (Tb) patients do not complete their six-month course of anti-tuberculosis medications and are not aware of the importance of sputum re-examinations, thereby putting themselves at risk of developing multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis and relapse. However, there is a dearth of publications about non-adherence towards anti-Tb medication in these settings. We assessed the prevalence of and associated factors for anti-Tb treatment non-adherence in public health care facilities of South Ethiopia. This was a cross-sectional survey using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative study was conducted among 261 Tb patients from 17 health centers and one general hospital. The qualitative aspect included an in-depth interview of 14 key informants. For quantitative data, the analysis of descriptive
Evaluation of the Genotype® MTBDRsl® VER 2.0 assay for second-line drug resistance detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis...Evaluation of the Genotype® MTBDRsl® VER 2.0 assay for second-line drug resistance detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis...
Early detection of resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs is important for the management of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB. The Genotype® MTBDRsl VERSION 2.0 (VER 2.0) line probe assay has been redesigned for molecular detection of resistance-conferring mutations of fluoroquinolones (FLQ) (gyrA and gyrB genes) and second-line injectable drugs (SLID) (rrs and eis genes). The study evaluated the diagnostic performance of MTBDRsl VER 2.0 for the detection of second-line drug resistance compared with phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST), using the Bactec™ MGIT 960 system on Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from South Africa. A total of 268 repository isolates collected between 2012 and 2014, with rifampicin -mono-resistant (RR) or MDR based on DST were selected. MTBDRsl VER 2.0 testing was performed on these isolates and results analysed. The MTBDRsl VER 2.0 sensitivity and specificity indices for culture isolates were; FLQ 100% (95% CI, 95.8-100%) ; 98.9% (95% CI, ...
Isoniazid price, Isoniazid preventive therapy pptIsoniazid price, Isoniazid preventive therapy ppt
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A prospective pharmacovigilance study to evaluate adverse effect profile of first line anti-tubercular drugs in newly diagnosed...A prospective pharmacovigilance study to evaluate adverse effect profile of first line anti-tubercular drugs in newly diagnosed...
A prospective pharmacovigilance study to evaluate adverse effect profile of first line anti-tubercular drugs in newly diagnosed sputum positive patients
Expanding the Role of the Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility Assay in Tuberculosis and HIV Management : Clinical...Expanding the Role of the Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility Assay in Tuberculosis and HIV Management : Clinical...
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Most recent papers with the keyword enzyme prodrug therapy | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword enzyme prodrug therapy | Read by QxMD
The place of prodrugs in the current antitubercular therapeutic arsenal is preponderant, since two of the four first-line antitubercular agents, isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA), need to be activated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis before exerting their activity. In addition, six other prodrugs can be found in the second- and third-line therapeutic regimens. The emergence of mycobacterial strains resistant to one or several antitubercular agents is one of the main issues of the antitubercular therapy. In the case of prodrugs, the resistance phenomenon is often related to a mutation in the gene encoding for the activation enzymes, resulting thus in a default of these enzymes that are no more able to activate prodrugs ...
Delamanid, linezolid, levofloxacin, and pyrazinamide for the treatment of patients with fluoroquinolone-sensitive multidrug...Delamanid, linezolid, levofloxacin, and pyrazinamide for the treatment of patients with fluoroquinolone-sensitive multidrug...
Treatment success rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remain unsatisfactory, and long-term use of second-line anti-TB drugs is accompanied by the frequent occurrence of adverse events, low treatment compliance, and high costs. The development of new efficient regimens with shorter treatment durations for MDR-TB will solve these issues and improve treatment outcomes. This study is a phase II/III, multicenter, randomized, open-label clinical trial of non-inferiority design comparing a new regimen to the World Health Organization-endorsed conventional regimen for fluoroquinolone-sensitive MDR-TB. The control arm uses a conventional treatment regimen with second-line drugs including injectables for 20-24 months. The investigational arm uses a new shorter regimen including delamanid, linezolid, levofloxacin, and pyrazinamide for 9 or 12 months depending on time to sputum culture conversion. The primary outcome is the treatment success rate at 24 months after treatment initiation. Secondary
PARN » Emergence of Extensively Resistant TuberculosisPARN » Emergence of Extensively Resistant Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is usually treated with first-line anti-tuberculous drugs such as isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide.. Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR) is disease due to strains resistant to both isoniazid and rifampicin. Treatment of such strains requires use of second-line drugs which include fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, capreomycin (injectable drugs), para-aminosalicylate, cycloserine, and ethionamide.. Recently, however, strains resistant to fluoroquinolones have been noticed worldwide. When MDR TB strains become resistant to fluoroquinolones, treatment becomes difficult since other drugs used have limited efficacy. Treatment options become even more limited when in addition to fluoroquinolones, strains are resistant to any one of the injectable drugs. Such strains are labeled extensively drug resistant (XDR).. Patients with XDR TB require longer duration of treatment (at least 18 months) with drugs regimens that incorporate both old and new agents. Newer drugs ...
Metal complexes as therapeutic substitute in tuberculosis treatment | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full TextMetal complexes as therapeutic substitute in tuberculosis treatment | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that produces several million deaths annually. With the appearance of multi drug resistant microbial strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, innovations in TB drug discovery and evolving strategies to bring new agents with best performance is an essential investigation. Taking this into account, there is a pressing need to develop new and more effective anti tubercular agents. The coordination of metal with organic drugs is a promising strategy that has been successful in many cases with different pharmacological activities. The emergence of new cases and the adverse effects of first and second-line antituberculosis drugs have led to renewed research interest in metal drug complexes in the hope of discovering new antituberculosis drugs. The aim of the present study is to assess the antituberculosis activity of Ni (II) and Cu (II) complexes of polymer ligand poly (3-nitrobenzylidene-1-naphthylamine-co-methacrylic acid). ...
Detection of Mutations Associated with Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from China | Journal of...Detection of Mutations Associated with Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from China | Journal of...
All of the 87 INH-resistant isolates from China had mutations in the nine structural genes (furA, katG, inhA, kasA, Rv0340, iniB, iniA, iniC, and efpA) or two regulatory regions (the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region and the promoter of mabA-inhA). Thirty-nine distinct mutations were identified. Among these, mutations in the katG gene were predominant, as expected; katG mutations were found in 82 (94.3%) isolates. Geographical differences in the frequencies of the katG codon 315 mutations were apparent in the analysis of data from other studies: mutations in katG codon 315 were detected in only 34.6% of the INH-resistant isolates from Madrid (18) but were detected in a substantial 93.6% of isolates from northwest Russia (26). Therefore, the documented information regarding the frequencies and types of mutations in one country or geographical region may not apply generally to other regions. We found mutations in katG codon 315 in 64.4% of the INH-resistant isolates from five provinces of China, which ...
Rapid Detection of Rifampicin and Isoniazid Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using Genotype MTBDRplus Assay in NepalRapid Detection of Rifampicin and Isoniazid Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using Genotype MTBDRplus Assay in Nepal
International Scholarly Research Notices is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal covering a wide range of subjects in science, technology, and medicine. The journals Editorial Board as well as its Table of Contents are divided into 108 subject areas that are covered within the journals scope.
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The comorbidities of tuberculosis and diseases such as HIV require long-term treatment with multiple medications. Despite substantial in vitro and in vivo information on effects of rifampicin and isoniazid on human CYPs, there is limited published data regarding the inhibitory effects of other anti-TB drugs on human CYPs and UGTs. The inhibitory effects of 5 first-line anti-TB drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and rifabutin), and the newly approved bedaquiline, were evaluated for 6 common human hepatic UGT enzymes (UGT1A1, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9, 2B7 and 2B15) in vitro using HLMs. Pyrazinamide, ethambutol, rifabutin and bedaquiline were also studied for their inhibitory effects on 8 of the most common human CYP enzymes (CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A). Rifabutin inhibited multiple CYPs to varying degrees in vitro, but with all IC50 values exceeding 25 μM. Rifabutin and rifampicin also inhibited several human UGTs including UGT1A4. The Ki value for rifabutin on human ...
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During the 1990s, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, emerged as a great threat to global tuberculosis (TB) control [1]. For most MDR-TB patients, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a treatment regimen including second-line anti-TB drugs [2]. One of the most effective second-line drugs is fluoroquinolone [3]. During the treatment, MDR-TB may develop resistance to fluoroquinolone, or even become extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB), which is resistant to both fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs [4]. The main genetic mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance lies in the mutations in the quinolone-resistance-determining region of gyrA and gyrB [5]. ...
Challenges and Outlooks in Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis | Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition)Challenges and Outlooks in Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis | Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition)
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) has become one of the major obstacles currently encountered in the control of this disease worldwide.1 The widespread and sometimes inappropriate use of rifampicin in the last 40 years has generated a growing number of cases of rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB). Rifampicin resistance is the most decisive factor in the prognosis of TB patients.2 If this drug cannot be used, treatment must continue for at least 21-24 months, and combinations of less effective, more toxic drugs3 are required, leading to cure rates of only 50%.1 Moreover, more than 90% of RR-TB cases are also carriers of isoniazid (H)-resistant strains3; these patients make up the so-called multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) group.. The problem is further compounded by the appearance and spread of cases of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), which is MDR-TB that is also resistant to the fluoroquinolones (FQ: levofloxacin and/or moxifloxacin) and second-line injectable drugs (SLID: amikacin and/or ...
High Prevalence of Primary Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in Persons with No Known Risk FactorsHigh Prevalence of Primary Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in Persons with No Known Risk Factors
Introduction In high multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) prevalence areas, drug susceptibility testing (DST) at diagnosis is recommended for patients with risk factors for MDR. However, this approach might miss a substantial proportion of MDR-TB in the general population. We studied primary MDR in patients considered to be at low risk of MDR-TB in Lima, Peru. Methods We enrolled new sputum smear-positive TB patients who did not report any MDR-TB risk factor: known exposure to a TB patient whose treatment failed or who died or who was known to have MDR-TB; immunosuppressive co-morbidities, ex prison inmates; prison and health care workers; and alcohol or drug abuse. A structured questionnaire was applied to all enrolled participants to confirm the absence of these factors and thus minimize underreporting. Sputum from all participants was cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen media and DST for first line drugs was performed using the 7H10 agar method. Results Of 875 participants with complete data,
Prevention Treatment Beneficial for Children Exposed to Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis BacteriumPrevention Treatment Beneficial for Children Exposed to Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Bacterium
Researchers find the preventive treatment beneficial in protecting the children, who are in close contact with multidrug resistant tuberculosis affected patients, from acquiring the disease.
Pyrazinoic acid - Pyrazinoic acid Exporter, Manufacturer, Distributor, Supplier, Trading Company, Vapi, IndiaPyrazinoic acid - Pyrazinoic acid Exporter, Manufacturer, Distributor, Supplier, Trading Company, Vapi, India
TRIVENI INTERCHEM PVT. LTD. - Exporter, Manufacturer, Distributor, Supplier, Trading Company of Pyrazinoic acid based in Vapi, India
The clinical effect of thermo ablation and cryoablation treatment of lymph nodes fistula type of central airway...The clinical effect of thermo ablation and cryoablation treatment of lymph nodes fistula type of central airway...
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combined thermoablation and cryoablation treatment of lymph nodes fistula type of central airway tracheo-bronchial tuberculosis(TBTB)under flexible bronchoscopy(referred to as bronchoscopy).Methods A total of 78 patients with TBTB were enrolled in the Anhui Provincial Chest Hospital from January 2013 to January 2017.After approval by the Ethics Committee,39 patients in the control group were treated with systemic anti-tuberculosis treatment and bronchoscopy which biopsy forceps were repeatedly cleaned and the isoniazid was injected through the catheter at the lesion.The observation group were treated with systemic anti-tuberculosis treatment and bronchoscopy which combined with cryo-thermo ablation and the isoniazid was injected through the catheter at the lesion.All of them were ended up with endoscopic treatment after stable lesions and followed up for 1 year.The average number of treatments was calculated,and the clinical symptoms and bronchoscopy findings were
Plus itPlus it
Although our baseline analysis assumed that DOTS-plus can be implemented effectively, the proportion of patients completing even standard treatment regimens is low in areas where multidrug resistant tuberculosis has become a major problem.21 In areas where direct smear microscopy and giving two to four relatively non-toxic drugs for six months is impossible, routinely performing mycobacterial cultures and first and second line susceptibility testing as well as administering four to seven toxic drugs for 18-24 months is unlikely to be possible.. A tuberculosis control programme should have implemented effective DOTS before implementing DOTS-plus.28 A poorly run control programme can generate multidrug resistant tuberculosis, but effective DOTS can decrease the rates of multidrug resistant tuberculosis.29 More widespread implementation of effective DOTS would therefore decrease the number of cases for which DOTS-plus would be necessary.30 Currently, 77% of tuberculosis cases worldwide are not ...
S2 Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment in the UK: a survey of injectable use and toxicity in practice | ThoraxS2 Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment in the UK: a survey of injectable use and toxicity in practice | Thorax
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Effectiveness and feasibility of hospital and community-based delivery of care for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in...Effectiveness and feasibility of hospital and community-based delivery of care for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in...
There are approximately 13000 cases of multi drug resistant Tuberculosis (MDRTB) diagnosed in Pakistan each year. Treatment of MDR-TB requires 18-24 months of medication, support and supervision at a significant cost. The study will assess 2 types of service delivery models for their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in low resource settings in Pakistan. These care models are: ...
Effectiveness of the Standard WHO Recommended Retreatment Regimen (Category II) for Tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda: A...Effectiveness of the Standard WHO Recommended Retreatment Regimen (Category II) for Tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda: A...
In this prospective cohort study of previously treated pulmonary TB patients managed under programmatic conditions in Uganda, we found that 70%-80% of patients with and without HIV coinfection had a successful treatment outcome at the conclusion of antituberculous therapy (i.e., cured and completed treatment). Although this overall response compares well with many other studies, we found that the retreatment regimen has unacceptably low treatment response rates in certain subgroups of patients and is associated with poor long-term outcomes, particularly in MDR-TB and in HIV-infected patients. Initiation of treatment with ART in eligible patients mitigated much of the excess mortality associated with HIV infection alone, in agreement with a recent clinical trial showing that use of ART concurrently with antituberculous therapy in TB patients is safe and improves survival [34]. HIV-infected patients with MDR-TB had the highest death rate, but we could not ascertain if death was a consequence of ...
Self-Administered Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in a Tribal Population on the Indo-Myanmar Border, Nagaland, India - pdf...Self-Administered Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in a Tribal Population on the Indo-Myanmar Border, Nagaland, India - pdf...
Self-Administered Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in a Tribal Population on the Indo-Myanmar Border, Nagaland, India. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
PRIME PubMed | Recent bioequivalence studies on fixed-dose combination anti-tuberculosis drug formulations available on the...PRIME PubMed | Recent bioequivalence studies on fixed-dose combination anti-tuberculosis drug formulations available on the...
PubMed journal article: Recent bioequivalence studies on fixed-dose combination anti-tuberculosis drug formulations available on the global market. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android
Anti-Tuberculosis drug resistance in the wordAnti-Tuberculosis drug resistance in the word
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The Experience of Scaling up a Decentralized, Ambulatory Model of Care for Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in...The Experience of Scaling up a Decentralized, Ambulatory Model of Care for Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in...
Strong strategies, including proven service delivery models, are needed to address the growing global threat of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in low- and middle-income settings. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the nationally approved ambulatory service delivery model for MDR-TB treatment in two regions of Ethiopia. We used routinely reported data to describe the process and outcomes of implementing an ambulatory model for MDR-TB services in a resource-limited setting. We compared percentage improvements in the number of MDR-TB diagnostic and treatment facilities, number of MDR-TB sputum samples processed per year, and MDR-TB cases ever enrolled in care between baseline and 2015. We also calculated interim and final treatment outcomes for patients who had completed at least 12 and 24 months of follow-up, respectively. Between 2012 and 2015, the number of MDR-TB treatment-initiating centers increased from 1 to 23. The number of sputum ...
Adverse effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs on HepG2 cell bioenergetics - Nottingham ePrintsAdverse effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs on HepG2 cell bioenergetics - Nottingham ePrints
Tuberculosis (TB) is an intractable chronic infection. Disease treatment with anti-TB drugs remains challenging due to drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The toxicity of the anti-TB drugs rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA) either alone or in combination was investigated in HepG2 cells. Assays of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels at 4-, 24- and 48-h post-exposure to gradient concentrations of RIF, INH and PZA were conducted. Drug-induced effects on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial complex I and complex III activity, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels and cellular lactate production were assessed. Decreased ATP levels were dose-dependent and correlated with drug exposure duration. Approximate 24-h IC50s were 0.5 mM, 70 mM and 84 mM for RIF, INH and PZA, respectively. Twenty-four hours post-drug treatment, reductions of MMP (p = 0.0005), mitochondrial complex I and III activities (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0003, respectively), NAD+ levels ...
Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates in Hong KongGenetic and Phenotypic Characterization of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates in Hong Kong
These findings expand the spectrum of potential resistance-related mutations in MTB clinical isolates and help consolidate the framework for the development of molecular methods for delineating the drug susceptibility profiles of MTB isolates in clinical laboratories.
Analysis of the use of antituberculosis drugs in hospital - Pharmacoeconomics: theory and practiceAnalysis of the use of antituberculosis drugs in hospital - Pharmacoeconomics: theory and practice
Bibliography link: Eremeeva V.A., Eliseeva E.V., Maneeva E.S. Goncharova R.K. Analysis of the use of antituberculosis drugs in hospital // Pharmacoeconomics: theory and practice. - 2018. - Vol.6, №1. P.48 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30809/phe.1.2018.14 ...
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment failure detection depends on monitoring interval and microbiological method<...Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment failure detection depends on monitoring interval and microbiological method<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment failure detection depends on monitoring interval and microbiological method. AU - Collaborative Grp Anal Bacteriolog. AU - Mitnick, Carole D.. AU - White, Richard A.. AU - Lu, Chunling. AU - Rodriguez, Carly A.. AU - Bayona, Jaime. AU - Becerra, Mercedes C.. AU - Burgos, Marcos. AU - Centis, Rosella. AU - Cohen, Theodore. AU - Cox, Helen. AU - DAmbrosio, Lia. AU - Danilovitz, Manfred. AU - Falzon, Dennis. AU - Gelmanova, Irina Y.. AU - Gler, Maria T.. AU - Grinsdale, Jennifer A.. AU - Holtz, Timothy H.. AU - Keshavjee, Salmaan. AU - Leimane, Vaira. AU - Menzies, Dick. AU - Migliori, Giovanni Battista. AU - Milstein, Meredith B.. AU - Mishustin, Sergey P.. AU - Pagano, Marcello. AU - Quelapio, Maria I.. AU - Shean, Karen. AU - Shin, Sonya S.. AU - Tolman, Arielle W.. AU - van der Walt, Martha L.. AU - Van Deun, Armand. AU - Viiklepp, Piret. N1 - PPU. PY - 2016. Y1 - 2016. N2 - Debate persists about monitoring method (culture or smear) ...
EMA Qualifies Hollow Fiber System For Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Development | Critical Path InstituteEMA Qualifies 'Hollow Fiber System' For Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Development | Critical Path Institute
Provides major boost for improved development of TB treatment to meet major public health challenge. TUCSON, Ariz., February 6, 2015 - The Critical Path Institute (C-Path), an independent, non-profit organization working to accelerate the process of drug and medical product development, announced today that the European Medicines Agency (EMA) rendered a positive qualification opinion on its Hollow Fiber System for Tuberculosis (HFS-TB) tool. This innovative model aids researchers in determining which drugs to combine and at what doses in order to effectively fight multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). EMAs qualification will speed the models adoption by drug developers, who can now be assured that European regulatory bodies will accept supportive data from research using this method.. The HFS-TB provides a deep understanding of how drugs move through the body and exert their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effect on Mtb. This represents a significant advancement in the ...
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Clinicians Short Course | Medical Practice ConsultingDrug Resistant Tuberculosis Clinicians Short Course | Medical Practice Consulting
Attend the Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Clinicians Short Course on the 10th of July 2019 to add additional points to your (CPD) Continuing Professional Development po
About TB - National TB Control ProgramAbout TB - National TB Control Program
Ang TB-DOTS o Tutok Gamutan ang pinakamabisang paraan para magamot ang TB. Kailangan lamang ng di bababa sa 6 buwang tuloy-tuloy na gamutan. Iinumin ang mga gamot para sa TB araw-araw sa gabay ng health service provider. Importanteng hindi mahinto ang gamutan upang hindi umabot sa pagiging drug resistant ang TB (DR-TB), dahil magiging mas matagal ang gamutan (hanggang 24 na buwan) o maging dahilan ng iyong pagkamatay.. ...
Achieving high treatment success for multidrug-resistant TB in Africa: initiation and scale-up of MDR TB care in Ethiopia-an...Achieving high treatment success for multidrug-resistant TB in Africa: initiation and scale-up of MDR TB care in Ethiopia-an...
We report the treatment success rates and 2-year outcomes in the first cohort of HIV-negative (81.0%) and HIV-coinfected (69.9%) patients (combined treatment success of 78.6%) enrolled into MDR TB treatment in Ethiopia. These outcomes surpass the outcomes reported elsewhere in Africa and exceed the WHO 2015 target of at least 75% treatment success of MDR TB.17 Furthermore, these outcomes were achieved in a setting with many programmatic challenges including lack of both SLD and isolation space at programme initiation and the persistent programmatic challenges of lack of oxygen support, lack of consistent lab capacity and ancillary drug supply. Furthermore, the cohort was treatment-experienced with advanced disease, had a substantial HIV-coinfection rate and nearly half of the cohort had severe malnutrition (BMI,16). Our positive outcomes are thus in striking contrast to reports of high mortality and lower treatment success rates (40-62%) for patients with MDR TB treated elsewhere in Africa.3 ,4 ...
Sci. Pharm. | Free Full-Text | Transmission Electron Microscopy of XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Grown on High Dose...Sci. Pharm. | Free Full-Text | Transmission Electron Microscopy of XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Grown on High Dose...
The aim of the study was to investigate behavior of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates under a high dose of ofloxacin and its morphological changes. 19 extensively drug resistant (XDR) clinical isolates of MTB were grown on Löwenstein-Jensen medium containing progressively increasing concentrations of ofloxacin (2, 4, 8, 16, 32 mg/L). Ultra-structure analyses of resistant isolates grown on ofloxacin were conducted by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fixation was carried out by 4% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer on 300 mesh carbon formvar copper grid. The samples were negatively stained with uranium acetate suspension. All19XDRMTBisolatesweregrownandformedcoloniessuccessfullyon2,4,8mg/L,sevenisolates on16mg/L,andfourisolateson32mg/Lofloxacin. Morphologicalchangesandunusualformswere detected in 8, 16 and 32 mg/L ofloxacin at 43%, 76.5% and 81% of cells, respectively. Swollen form (protoplast like), ghost-like cell, degraded forms, and in a few cases, detached
Pharmaceutical Microbiology: TB Alliance Calls on WHO to Add Tuberculosis to List of Critical Group of BacteriaPharmaceutical Microbiology: TB Alliance Calls on WHO to Add Tuberculosis to List of Critical Group of Bacteria
This year alone, approximately half a million people will develop drug-resistant TB. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is caused by TB bacteria that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent TB drugs. Less than 20 percent of people with MDR-TB receive treatment; of that small fraction, about half are cured. To place the drug resistant TB situation in perspective, patients with Ebola, for whom there is no available drug therapy, have the same chances of survival that patients with drug-resistant TB patients have, accessing todays available medicines. MDR-TB is also the most contagious of all the pathogens noted on the WHOs list, spreading readily from person to person, and is especially dangerous to children, people with HIV, and other vulnerable populations ...
Clusters of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of PhysiciansClusters of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians
We wish to clarify a point made in our report on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the United States. By noting that clusters of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases had been reported from 12 U.S. hospitals [1], we did not mean that nosocomial transmission had been verified in each. Hospital clusters may result from outbreaks caused by transmission inside or outside the hospital. Transmission in the hospital may be implicated by epidemiologic associations between exposure in the hospital and the subsequent development of disease or by the demonstration of molecular genetic similarity between patient isolates [1 ...
Predictors of unsuccessful interim treatment outcomes of multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients | springermedizin.dePredictors of unsuccessful interim treatment outcomes of multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients | springermedizin.de
A major obstacle in the successful control of tuberculosis (TB) is multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), defined as mycobacterium strains resistant to
InfectionInfection
BedaquilineBedaquiline
PrimidonePrimidone
PyrazinamidePyrazinamide
PrimidonePrimidone
Leprostatic agentLeprostatic agent
Proteasome accessory factor EProteasome accessory factor E
Einhorn-Brunner reactionEinhorn-Brunner reaction
Psychopharmacology revolutionPsychopharmacology revolution
FuronazideFuronazide
SQ109SQ109
List of MeSH codes (D16)List of MeSH codes (D16)
Streptomyces isolatesStreptomyces isolates
Mycolic acidMycolic acid
RifampicinRifampicin
OsteomyelitisOsteomyelitis
Beta-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase IIIBeta-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase III
BioenhancerBioenhancer
OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Antitubercular AgentsMycobacterium tuberculosisStructure-Activity RelationshipMicrobial Sensitivity TestsThioacetazoneIsoniazidAntibiotics, AntitubercularRifampinEthambutolTuberculosis, OcularTuberculosisPyrazinamideNitroimidazolesEthylenediaminesNigellaCryoanesthesiaEthionamideAdamantaneTuberculosis, OsteoarticularMycolic AcidsTuberculosis, GastrointestinalPhenothiazinesTuberculosis, Male GenitalTuberculoma, IntracranialTuberculosis, CutaneousTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantTuberculosis, PulmonaryDrug Dosage CalculationsMolecular StructureDrug DiscoverySouth AfricaOxazolesStreptomycinAntiperspirantsMethylmethacrylatePeriodicals as TopicPubMedBooksPublishingMEDLINEEye DiseasesBacteriologyOphthalmologyNobel PrizeHistory, 19th CenturyBook SelectionHydrazinesTuberculosis, Female GenitalMucoralesHydrazonesRifabutinLopinavirPartnership Practice, DentalRitonavirPyrimidinonesBulimia
Review of Evidence for Measuring Drug Concentrations of First-Line Antitubercular Agents in AdultsReview of Evidence for Measuring Drug Concentrations of First-Line Antitubercular Agents in Adults
Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity of 2-(substituted phenyl/benzyl-amino)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-4-methyl-3...Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity of 2-(substituted phenyl/benzyl-amino)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-4-methyl-3...
Antitubercular and antiviral (HSV, CMV, influenza) drugs: NCLEX video review | CME at Pharmacology CornerAntitubercular and antiviral (HSV, CMV, influenza) drugs: NCLEX video review | CME at Pharmacology Corner
Browsing Technical documents by Subject Antitubercular AgentsBrowsing Technical documents by Subject "Antitubercular Agents"
Antitubercular Agents | Profiles RNSAntitubercular Agents | Profiles RNS
Synergistic Interactions of MmpL3 Inhibitors with Antitubercular Compounds In Vitro | Antimicrobial Agents and ChemotherapySynergistic Interactions of MmpL3 Inhibitors with Antitubercular Compounds In Vitro | Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Hybrid Docking-QSAR Studies of 1, 4-dihydropyridine-3, 5-Dicarboxamides as Potential Antitubercular Agents | BenthamScienceHybrid Docking-QSAR Studies of 1, 4-dihydropyridine-3, 5-Dicarboxamides as Potential Antitubercular Agents | BenthamScience
DNA-Minor Groove Binding Agents as Anti-Tubercular Probes. Old Tools for a New Challenge? | Bentham ScienceDNA-Minor Groove Binding Agents as Anti-Tubercular Probes. Old Tools for a New Challenge? | Bentham Science
Conventional and microwave assisted synthesis of novel pyrimidine derivatives as antimicrobial and antitubercular agent |...Conventional and microwave assisted synthesis of novel pyrimidine derivatives as antimicrobial and antitubercular agent |...
Browsing by Subject Antitubercular AgentsBrowsing by Subject "Antitubercular Agents"
Antitubercular agent | Article about antitubercular agent by The Free DictionaryAntitubercular agent | Article about antitubercular agent by The Free Dictionary
Anti-tubercular agents | PTB ReportsAnti-tubercular agents | PTB Reports
Rimantadine HCL - Antitubercular Agents, ATC:J01MA09Rimantadine HCL - Antitubercular Agents, ATC:J01MA09
Prosom - Antitubercular Agents, Leprostatic Agents, ATC:J04AD03Prosom - Antitubercular Agents, Leprostatic Agents, ATC:J04AD03
Influence of genetic variants on toxicity to anti-tubercular agents : a systematic review and meta-analysis (protocol)Influence of genetic variants on toxicity to anti-tubercular agents : a systematic review and meta-analysis (protocol)
WHO HQ Library catalog › Results of search for su:{Antitubercular agents.}WHO HQ Library catalog › Results of search for 'su:{Antitubercular agents.}'
Rose Oil, Rose Oil Suppliers and Manufacturers at Alibaba.comRose Oil, Rose Oil Suppliers and Manufacturers at Alibaba.com
Rational Design and Synthesis of Novel Diphenyl ether Derivatives as Antitubercular Agents - MAHE Digital RepositoryRational Design and Synthesis of Novel Diphenyl ether Derivatives as Antitubercular Agents - MAHE Digital Repository
ethambutol (CHEBI:4877)ethambutol (CHEBI:4877)
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in rural China: lack of public awareness, unaffordable costs and poor clinical management. -...Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in rural China: lack of public awareness, unaffordable costs and poor clinical management. -...
Studies on the treatment of tuberculosis undertaken by the British Medical Research Council tuberculosis units, 1946-1986, with...Studies on the treatment of tuberculosis undertaken by the British Medical Research Council tuberculosis units, 1946-1986, with...
rifampicin (CHEBI:28077)rifampicin (CHEBI:28077)
Drug-induced ocular side effects (Book, 2001) [WorldCat.org]Drug-induced ocular side effects (Book, 2001) [WorldCat.org]
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quinoline-based carboxylic hydrazides as anti-tubercular agents. -...Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quinoline-based carboxylic hydrazides as anti-tubercular agents. -...
EARNEST Rifabutin Pharmacokinetics (PK) Substudy - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govEARNEST Rifabutin Pharmacokinetics (PK) Substudy - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
TBTC Study 23A: Pharmacokinetics of Intermittent Isoniazid and Rifabutin in HIV-TB - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govTBTC Study 23A: Pharmacokinetics of Intermittent Isoniazid and Rifabutin in HIV-TB - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
RCSB PDB - 478 Ligand Summary PageRCSB PDB - 478 Ligand Summary Page
The GRAFT Study: Gut RecolonizAtion by Fecal Transplantation - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govThe GRAFT Study: Gut RecolonizAtion by Fecal Transplantation - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
HSCT For Patients With High Risk Hemoglobinopathies Using Reduced Intensity - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govHSCT For Patients With High Risk Hemoglobinopathies Using Reduced Intensity - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Thioacetazone - Drugs.comThioacetazone - Drugs.com
Morinamide - Drugs.comMorinamide - Drugs.com
WHO IRIS: Predictors of treatment failure among tuberculosis patients under DOTS strategy in EgyptWHO IRIS: Predictors of treatment failure among tuberculosis patients under DOTS strategy in Egypt
OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Antitubercular AgentsMycobacterium tuberculosisStructure-Activity RelationshipMicrobial Sensitivity TestsThioacetazoneIsoniazidAntibiotics, AntitubercularRifampinEthambutolTuberculosis, OcularTuberculosisPyrazinamideNitroimidazolesEthylenediaminesNigellaCryoanesthesiaEthionamideAdamantaneTuberculosis, OsteoarticularMycolic AcidsTuberculosis, GastrointestinalPhenothiazinesTuberculosis, Male GenitalTuberculoma, IntracranialTuberculosis, CutaneousTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantTuberculosis, PulmonaryDrug Dosage CalculationsMolecular StructureDrug DiscoverySouth AfricaOxazolesStreptomycinAntiperspirantsMethylmethacrylatePeriodicals as TopicPubMedBooksPublishingMEDLINEEye DiseasesBacteriologyOphthalmologyNobel PrizeHistory, 19th CenturyBook SelectionHydrazinesTuberculosis, Female GenitalMucoralesHydrazonesRifabutinLopinavirPartnership Practice, DentalRitonavirPyrimidinonesBulimia
PharmacologySynthesisIsoniazidMeSHPotent Antitubercular AgentsDerivativesAntibioticsAntifungalAntimalarialInhibitorsSubstancesDrugsCompoundsAntituberculosisPhenylInfectionsAntimicrobial Agents and C2018ClinicalInfectionRenalActivityDiseasesRifampicinSearchInfectiousMinorAntiretroviralTreatmentAnalgesicsAntihypertensiveDeficiencyMycobacteriaBiologicalAntirheumatic
Pharmacology1
  • Anti-Infective Agents publishes original research articles, full-length/mini reviews, drug clinical trial studies and guest edited issues on all the latest and outstanding developments on the medicinal chemistry, biology, pharmacology and use of anti-infective and anti-parasitic agents. (benthamscience.com)
Synthesis6
Isoniazid4
  • An antitubercular agent often administered in association with isoniazid. (rcsb.org)
  • 2 The standard antitubercular treatment regimen, termed DOTS (Directly Observed Therapy, Short-course), is based on the co-administration of age-old drugs like isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RMP), ethambutol (EMB), and pyrazinamide (PZA) for the first two months, followed by a prolonged treatment with INH and RMP for additional 4-7 months with no guarantee of complete sterilization from the infection. (newdrugapprovals.org)
  • The project aimed at the development of very robust, predictive and well-validated quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) that assisted us in the design of a series of new potentially active antitubercular compounds from particular relevant core structures, namely, isoniazid, thiobenzanilide, benzimidazole and indole scaffolds. (scienceportugal.com)
  • In spite of a few new antitubercular candidates in phase II and III of the clinical global TB drug pipeline, isoniazid (INH), first synthesized in 1952, is still the treatment of choice for TB and is part of all WHO multidrug recommended regimens. (scienceportugal.com)
MeSH1
  • Antitubercular Agents" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
Potent Antitubercular Agents1
Derivatives3
Antibiotics1
Antifungal2
Antimalarial1
Inhibitors1
  • This paper highlights recent approaches regarding the design of new anti-TB agents, particularly, the enoyl-ACP reductase inhibitors. (scielo.br)
Substances1
Drugs2
  • Based on the antitubercular activity and druglikeness profile, it may be concluded that compound 10b could be a lead for future development of antitubercular drugs. (manipal.edu)
  • Moreover, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mtb all over the world, together with significant levels of co-infection with HIV, makes the search for new antitubercular drugs a major public health challenge. (scienceportugal.com)
Compounds1
Antituberculosis2
Phenyl1
  • It has been confirmed that there is an increase in hydrophobicity of the [OCH.sub.group at the C-4 position of the phenyl ring, which is attached to the azetidinone nucleus, which results in an increase in the antitubercular potency. (thefreedictionary.com)
Infections2
Antimicrobial Agents and C3
20181
Clinical2
Infection2
  • For the treatment of HIV-1 infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents. (rcsb.org)
  • Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce. (wikipedia.org)
Renal1
Activity2
  • Among them, compound 10b was found to possess antitubercular activity (minimum inhibitory concentration =12.5 μg/mL) comparable to triclosan. (manipal.edu)
  • These reasons make a compelling case for an urgent need for new and effective antitubercular agents with improved properties such as enhanced activity against MDR strains, reduced toxicity, rapid mycobactericidal mechanism of action and the ability to penetrate host cells and exert antimycobacterial effects in the intracellular environment. (newdrugapprovals.org)
Diseases2
  • The various study tools used were the patient profile form which recorded all the information, such as name, age, sex, socioeconomic status, life style factors and dietary factors and any concurrent diseases and medications other than antitubercular agents that the patients might be taking. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • They had expertise in the use of biological agents for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. (bmj.com)
Rifampicin1
Search1
  • WHO HQ Library catalog › Results of search for 'su:{Antitubercular agents. (who.int)
Infectious1
Minor2
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Antitubercular Agents" by people in this website by year, and whether "Antitubercular Agents" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • DNA-Minor Groove Binding Agents as Anti-Tubercular Probes. (eurekaselect.com)
Antiretroviral1
Treatment2
  • TB47 is highly potent against M. ulcerans and possesses desirable pharmacological attributes and low toxicity that warrant further assessment of this agent for treatment of BU. (nature.com)
  • These barriers reinforcing the need for development of new antimicrobial agents, that ideally should reduce the time of treatment and be active against susceptible and resistant strains. (frontiersin.org)
Analgesics1
Antihypertensive1
Deficiency1
Mycobacteria1
  • Its mechanism of action is unknown and agents with this pharmacophore have not been evaluated against non-tuberculous mycobacteria. (nature.com)
Biological1
  • As in previous years, the consensus group to consider the use of biological agents was constituted by rheumatologists from the universities of Erlangen, Leiden, and Vienna in Europe in cooperation with other universities in the USA, Canada, and Europe. (bmj.com)
Antirheumatic1