Antithrombin proteins. Medical search

An endogenous family of proteins belonging to the serpin superfamily that neutralizes the action of thrombin. Six naturally occurring antithrombins have been identified and are designated by Roman numerals I to VI. Of these, Antithrombin I (see FIBRIN) and ANTITHROMBIN III appear to be of major importance.

A plasma alpha 2 glycoprotein that accounts for the major antithrombin activity of normal plasma and also inhibits several other enzymes. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

An absence or reduced level of Antithrombin III leading to an increased risk for thrombosis.

Endogenous factors and drugs that directly inhibit the action of THROMBIN, usually by blocking its enzymatic activity. They are distinguished from INDIRECT THROMBIN INHIBITORS, such as HEPARIN, which act by enhancing the inhibitory effects of antithrombins.

A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.

Activated form of factor X that participates in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation. It catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in conjunction with other cofactors.

An enzyme formed from PROTHROMBIN that converts FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN.

Intracellular accumulation of antithrombin Morioka (C95R), a novel mutation causing type I antithrombin deficiency. (1/31)

Antithrombin (AT) is a major plasma protease inhibitor with three intramolecular disulfide bonds, and its deficiency is associated with increased venous thrombosis. Recently, we found a novel missense mutation named AT Morioka (C95R), which causes the loss of one of the three disulfide bonds. In this study, we prepared Chinese hamster ovary cells stably overexpressing wild type or mutant AT and examined the intracellular fate of the ATs. In pulse-chase experiments, newly synthesized wild type AT was secreted into the medium with a half-life of approximately 1.5 h. In contrast, most of the mutant type AT was not secreted during the chase period of 9 h and, surprisingly, was not degraded in the cells. The kinetics of the secretion suggests that the mutant was secreted about 50 times more slowly into the medium. Most of the mutant AT in the cells had high mannose type oligosaccharides, suggesting that it was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In addition, half of the mutant AT existed in a dimeric form with an intermolecular disulfide bond. On immunoelectron microscopy, the mutant AT was found to have accumulated in variously sized structures surrounded by a single membrane in the cytoplasm. Immunogold particles exhibiting calnexin immunoreactivity were detected on the membranes. Ribosomes were attached to some of the small structures that had accumulated the mutant AT. Further, we prepared Chinese hamster ovary cells stably overexpressing another mutant AT in which two cysteine residues at 21 and 95, responsible for disulfide bond formation, were substituted for arginines. In pulse-chase experiments, the mutant AT (C21C,C95R) was secreted faster than that of AT Morioka (C95R) into the medium. These results suggest that AT Morioka remained for a long time in ER without being degraded and accumulated in newly formed membrane structures derived from the ER. The dimerization of AT Morioka (C95R) through Cys-21 seems to be critical for its intracellular accumulation. (+info)

Deletion of P1 arginine in a novel antithrombin variant (antithrombin London) abolishes inhibitory activity but enhances heparin affinity and is associated with early onset thrombosis. (2/31)

A novel variant of antithrombin, the major serpin inhibitor of coagulation proteases, has been identified in a patient with early onset thrombosis and abnormal plasma antithrombin activity. Sequencing of the antithrombin genes of the patient revealed that one of the two alleles was abnormal due to an in-frame deletion of the codon for the P1 arginine residue. The abnormal antithrombin was separated from the normal inhibitor by complexing the latter with thrombin followed by heparin-agarose affinity chromatography. The purified variant, antithrombin London, was completely inactive as a thrombin or factor Xa inhibitor even after heparin activation. Surprisingly, the variant bound heparin with a K(D) reflecting an approximately 10-fold greater affinity than the normal inhibitor. Stopped-flow kinetic analysis showed that this was almost entirely due to a more favorable conformational activation of the variant than the normal inhibitor, as reflected by a decreased rate constant for reversal of the activation. Consistent with its higher than normal heparin affinity, the inactive antithrombin variant was a potent competitive antagonist of the heparin-catalyzed reaction of normal antithrombin with thrombin but did not affect the uncatalyzed reaction. These results suggest that deletion of the antithrombin P1 residue partially activates the serpin by inducing strain in the reactive center loop, which destabilizes the native loop-buried state and favors the activated loop-exposed state with high heparin affinity. The unusually severe thrombosis associated with the heterozygous mutation may be explained by the ability of antithrombin London to bind endogenous heparan sulfate or heparin molecules with high affinity and to thereby block activation of the normal inhibitor. (+info)

P1 variant antithrombins Glasgow (393 Arg to His) and Pescara (393 Arg to Pro) have increased heparin affinity and are resistant to catalytic cleavage by elastase. Implications for the heparin activation mechanism. (3/31)

The heparin affinity of normal and two P1 variants of antithrombin-III (AT) was studied by gradient elution with NaCl in Tris buffer on heparin-Sepharose. At pH 7.4 normal AT eluted at [Na+] 0.78 mol/l and the variants both showed increased affinity with AT Pescara eluting at [Na+] 0.86 mol/l and AT Glasgow at [Na+] 0.92 mol/l. We have earlier proposed a model for heparin activation in which the native state of AT maintains a salt bridge involving the P1 Arg-393 residue. Binding of heparin induces a higher heparin affinity conformation in which the salt bridge is disrupted to reveal the reactive centre for inhibition of thrombin. The Glasgow and Pescara variants, lacking a reactive centre P1 basic residue, would be unable to form this salt bridge, and we suggested that the high affinity conformation which they adopt as their native state would resemble the heparin induced conformation. To examine this model, we measured the heparin induced fluorescence of two P1 variants and tested the susceptibility of their reactive loops to catalytic cleavage. Both variants had fluorescence spectra indistinguishable from normal AT. In the absence of heparin, neither variant was more susceptible than normal to catalytic cleavage by human neutrophil elastase. These findings suggest that the conformation of these P1 variants is different to that of fully heparinized normal AT. (+info)

Replacement of Phe274 with conserved residue Tyr274 for reactive center loop expulsion in antithrombin. (4/31)

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Use of dabigatran etexilate to reduce breast cancer progression. (5/31)

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Endothelial differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells from elderly patients with cardiovascular disease. (6/31)

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Development of a recombinant antithrombin variant as a potent antidote to fondaparinux and other heparin derivatives. (7/31)

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Intravascular inhibition of factor VIIa and the analogue NN1731 by antithrombin. (8/31)

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... (TAT) is a protein complex of thrombin and antithrombin. It is a marker of net activation of ... Since thrombin is rapidly bound by antithrombin, TAT is a useful measure for thrombin level in the blood. Thrombin can pass the ... "Analysis of thrombin-antithrombin complex contents in plasma and hematoma fluid of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin–antithrombin_complex

Some examples of heparin binding proteins include antithrombin III. It is thought that much protein interaction with heparin is ... One counterexample is the protein chymase, which directly binds to heparin. Dermatan sulfate is one example of a compound that ... Heparinoids, like heparin, act by interacting with heparin binding proteins, generally through ionic interactions or hydrogen ... so it is possible that heparinoids interact with these proteins in a similar way, acquiring GAG side chains in vivo. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparinoid

Examples include albumin, transferrin, transthyretin, retinol-binding protein, antithrombin, transcortin. The decrease of such ... eclinpath.com/chemistry/proteins/acute-phase-proteins/ Acute-Phase+Proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical ... Acute-phase proteins (APPs) are a class of proteins whose concentrations in blood plasma either increase (positive acute-phase ... At the same time, the production of a number of other proteins is reduced; these proteins are, therefore, referred to as " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute-phase_protein

... has been isolated from the plasma of a large number of species additional to humans. As deduced from protein and ... Antithrombin is also termed antithrombin III (AT III). The designations antithrombin I through to antithrombin IV originate in ... Native antithrombin can be converted to latent antithrombin (L-antithrombin) by heating alone or heating in the presence of ... Type I antithrombin deficiency is characterized by a decrease in both antithrombin activity and antithrombin concentration in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithrombin

In addition to protein-selectivity, TBA also shows ion preference. A potassium ion helps TBA fold into a G-quadruplex structure ... Anti-thrombin aptamers are G-quadruplex-bearing oligonucleotides, which recognizes the exosites of human thrombin. The first ... On the protein side, the residues Tyr89, His91, Pro92, Arg93, Tyr94, Asn95, Trp96, Arg97, Arg126, Leu130, Arg165, Lys169, ... Li, Jianwei J.; Fang, Xiaohong; Tan, Weihong (2002). "Molecular Aptamer Beacons for Real-Time Protein Recognition". Biochemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-thrombin_aptamers

Protein S, an anticoagulant, decreases. However, the other major anticoagulants, protein C and antithrombin III, remain ... proteins C and S deficiencies, and antithrombin III deficiency. Hypercoagulability in pregnancy, particularly due to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercoagulability_in_pregnancy

Antithrombin is an anticoagulant protein and is important in preventing blood clotting. In animal studies, Antithrombin in ... Antithrombin: the levels of antithrombin increase with age. Antithrombin levels in newborns are less than 50% of the levels in ... Protein C is active in anticoagulation (anti-clotting) and breaking down blood clots. A newborn form of protein C has been ... There is an increase in the concentration of a specific isoform of Antithrombin, Latent Antithrombin with age. This form of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_Haemostasis

The first proteins from this group that were studied were antithrombin and antitrypsin, which are blood proteins. Scientists ... The NF-κB protein is responsible for regulating inflammation in adipose tissue, so the activation of this protein leads to ... "SERPINA12 protein expression". The Human Protein Atlas. November 10, 2020. Zulet M, Puchau B, Navarro C, Marti A, Martinez JA ( ... The insulin receptor substrate, in turn, activates protein kinase-B by stimulating the PI3K protein, and eventually glucose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SERPIN_A12

Hunt LT, Dayhoff MO (July 1980). "A surprising new protein superfamily containing ovalbumin, antithrombin-III, and alpha 1- ... The serpin barley protein Z is highly abundant in barley grain, and one of the major protein components in beer. The genome of ... That they belonged to a new protein family became apparent on their further alignment with the non-inhibitory egg-white protein ... Austin RC, Rachubinski RA, Ofosu FA, Blajchman MA (May 1991). "Antithrombin-III-Hamilton, Ala 382 to Thr: an antithrombin-III ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpin

... protein S, and antithrombin-contribute to VTE. These deficiencies in antithrombin, protein C, and protein S are rare but strong ... Genetic factors include non-O blood type, deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C, and protein S and the mutations of factor V ... For populations in China, Japan, and Thailand, deficiences in protein S, protein C, and antithrombin predominate. Non-O blood ... as used here applies to the five inherited abnormalities of antithrombin, protein C, protein S, factor V, and prothrombin, as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis

This protein shares homology with antithrombin III and other members of the alpha-1 antitrypsin superfamily. Mutations in this ... 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. Bibcode: ... Heparin cofactor II (HCII), a protein encoded by the SERPIND1 gene, is a coagulation factor that inhibits IIa, and is a ... Heparin cofactor II may play a role in the immune response, as it has been associated with leukocyte-mediated protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin_cofactor_II

It does not bind to plasma proteins (other than thrombin) or to red blood cells. Therefore, it has a predictable antithrombotic ... It does not require a binding cofactor such as antithrombin and does not activate platelets. These characteristics make ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalirudin

... resulting in decreased synthesis of the regulatory proteins antithrombin, protein C and protein S, with increased synthesis of ... Acquired protein C deficiency is caused by either depletion of available protein C in plasma or decreased protein C synthesis ( ... The depletion of anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory proteins, in particular, protein C and its co-factor, protein S, may also ... Report of the Working Party on Homozygous Protein C Deficiency of the Subcommittee on Protein C and Protein S, International ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpura_fulminans

The drug is called ATryn, which is antithrombin protein purified from the milk of genetically modified goats. Marketing ... Many proteins of interest are too complex to be made by microbial systems or by protein synthesis. These proteins are currently ... Additionally, on the level of pharmacologically active proteins, there are no proteins in plants that are similar to human ... Blood, for instance, as of 2012 cannot store high levels of stable recombinant proteins, and biologically active proteins in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharming_(genetics)

Activated protein C inactivates factors Va and VIIIa. Binding of activated protein C to protein S leads to a modest increase in ... In human adults, the normal blood level of antithrombin activity has been measured to be around 1.1 units/mL. Newborn levels of ... Thrombin bound to thrombomodulin activates protein C, an inhibitor of the coagulation cascade. The activation of protein C is ... Acute-phase proteins, EC 3.4.21, Pfizer brands, Peripheral membrane proteins). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin

The main ones are antithrombin III deficiency, protein C deficiency and protein S deficiency. Milder rare congenital ... protein C (which inhibits factors Va and VIIIa in the presence of protein S), and protein Z (which inhibits factor Xa). In ... of people with protein C deficiency and about a third of those with protein S deficiency. People with activated protein C ... Antithrombin deficiency is present in 0.2% of the general population and 0.5-7.5% of people with venous thrombosis. Protein C ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombophilia

... protein S deficiency, the Factor V Leiden mutation, hereditary anti-thrombin deficiency and prothrombin mutation G20210A. An ... Examples of genetic tendencies include protein C deficiency, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budd–Chiari_syndrome

... a plasma protein with anticoagulant properties. Microinjection was used to insert human antithrombin genes into the cell ... GTC states that one genetically modified goat can produce the same amount of antithrombin in a year as 90,000 blood donations. ... GTC chose goats for the process because they reproduce more rapidly than cattle and produce more protein than rabbits or mice. ... Soler E, Thépot D, Rival-Gervier S, Jolivet G, Houdebine LM (2006). "Preparation of recombinant proteins in milk to improve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATryn

A fibrin scaffold is a network of protein that holds together and supports a variety of living tissues. It is produced ... Heparin binding sequences KβAFAKLAARLYRKA, RβAFARLAARLYRRA, KHKGRDVILKKDVR, YKKIIKKL are from antithrombin III, modified ... Collagen originated sequence is DGEA and many other ECM protein originated RGD sequence can be given as other examples. ... Fibrin consists of the blood proteins fibrinogen and thrombin which participate in blood clotting. Fibrin glue or fibrin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrin_scaffold

... studying blood thinning proteins, such as antithrombin. In 1915, he secured a junior position on the medical staff of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Minot

... activated protein C resistance (Factor V Leiden) and antithrombin III deficiency. Although the above hypothesis is the most ... Protein C is an innate anticoagulant, and as warfarin further decreases protein C levels, it can lead to massive thrombosis ... "Replacement therapy with a purified protein C concentrate during initiation of oral anticoagulation in severe protein C ... These infants often have protein C deficiency as well. There have also been cases in patients with other deficiency, including ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfarin_necrosis

Measuring serum levels of protein C, free and total protein S, factor VIII, antithrombin, plasminogen, tissue plasminogen ... In APS there are also antibodies binding to protein S, which is a co-factor of protein C. Thus, anti-protein S antibodies ... ApoH inhibits protein C, a glycoprotein with important regulatory function of coagulation (inactivates Factor Va and Factor ... react against proteins that bind to anionic phospholipids on plasma membranes. Like many autoimmune diseases, it is more common ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiphospholipid_syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome, a kidney disorder, causes excessive loss of protein in the urine, low levels of albumin in the blood, a ... and a decrease in coagulation inhibiters like antithrombin. Hypercoagulability can be inherited and/or acquired. ... In this case, patients should keep an eye out and maintain reduced level of proteinuria by reducing salt and excess protein, ... The increased loss of proteins in the urine caused by nephrotic syndrome results in lower osmotic pressure. Reduced osmotic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_vein_thrombosis

To rule out other causes for hypercoagulation, it may be appropriate to check the antithrombin, protein C, protein S, factor V ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May–Thurner_syndrome

Use in antithrombin III deficiency: FFP can be used as a source of antithrombin III in patients who are deficient of this ... Greater care should be taken in people with protein S deficiency, IgA deficiency, or heart failure. Fresh frozen plasma is made ... There are purified, human derived, as well as recombinant forms of antithrombin III available in the US. Treatment of ... Crystalloid or colloid solutions such as human serum albumin or plasma protein fraction, are preferable to FFP for volume ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_frozen_plasma

... in contrast to other acute phase proteins, e.g., C-reactive protein, which increase in case of acute inflammation). ... and anti-thrombin III, can manifest as iron-resistant microcytic anemia. An example reference range for transferrin is 204-360 ... "Transferrin is an insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 binding protein". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and ... The protein is composed of alpha helices and beta sheets that form two domains. The N- and C- terminal sequences are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferrin

The term alpha-1 refers to the protein's behavior on protein electrophoresis. On electrophoresis, the protein component of the ... An extremely rare form of Pi, termed PiPittsburgh, functions as an antithrombin (a related serpin), due to a mutation ( ... which could confer this protein particular protein-cell recognition properties. The single cysteine residue of A1AT in position ... As protein electrophoresis is imprecise, the A1AT phenotype is analysed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) in the pH range 4.5-5.5, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-1_antitrypsin

These include the evaluation of the thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), low levels of the anticoagulants ATIII and protein C ... Preventing blood clots includes the use of medications that interrupt the complex clotting cascade and changing the proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombosis_prevention

This led to the Protein Information Resource database of protein sequences, the first online database system that could be ... antithrombin-III, alpha-antitrypsin, and ovalbumin; epidermal growth factor and the light chain of coagulation factor X; and ... During medical school, she co-authored a paper and a chapter in The Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure with her mother, ... Less than a week before she died, she submitted a proposal to the Division of Research Resources at NIH for a Protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Oakley_Dayhoff

... birth control pills have been found to increase levels of APC-PCI to a similar degree as thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) ... Activated protein C-protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI) is a complex of activated protein C (APC) and protein C inhibitor (PCI). It ... Misra S, Kumar A, Kumar P, Yadav AK, Mohania D, Pandit AK, Prasad K, Vibha D (September 2017). "Blood-based protein biomarkers ... Another complex related to APC-PCI is the activated protein C-α1-antitrypsin (APCAT) complex. Merlini PA, Ardissino D (1995). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_protein_C–protein_C_inhibitor

... protein defect of Cystinosis Cystinuria Cystinuria-lysinuria Cytochrome C oxidase deficiency Cytomegalic inclusion disease ... Congenital alopecia X linked Congenital amputation Congenital aneurysms of the great vessels Congenital antithrombin III ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(C)

A units have a mass of about 83 kDa, 731 amino acid residues, 5 protein domains (listed from the N-terminal to C-terminal, ... antithrombin and TFPI are the most relevant proteolytic inhibitors of the active factor XIIIa. α2-macroglobulin is a ... Protein pages needing a picture, Genes on human chromosome 1, Articles with J9U identifiers, Articles with LCCN identifiers, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_XIII

... deficiency of protein C, protein S or antithrombin, or related problems Nephrotic syndrome, a kidney problem causing protein ... Any blood clot forms due to an imbalance between coagulation (the formation of the insoluble blood protein fibrin) and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_venous_sinus_thrombosis

... reverses effect of all anticoagulants that act directly through FXa or by binding antithrombin III. The drug is ... Recombinant proteins). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andexanet_alfa

HRG Thrombophilia due to protein C deficiency, autosomal dominant; 176860; PROC Thrombophilia due to protein C deficiency, ... PITX3 Antithrombin III deficiency; 613118; AT3 Antley-Bixler syndrome; 207410; FGFR2 Antley-Bixler syndrome-like with ... SLITRK1 Trifunctional protein deficiency; 609015; HADHA Trifunctional protein deficiency; 609015; HADHB Trigonocephaly; 190440 ... G6PC3 D-bifunctional protein deficiency; 261515; HSD17B4 De la Chapelle dysplasia; 256050; SLC26A2 De Sanctis-Cacchione ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

Antibody-drug conjugate Genetic engineering Host cell protein List of pharmaceutical companies List of recombinant proteins ... "European Regulators Curdle Plans for Goat Milk Human Antithrombin" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-06-23. "Go-ahead for 'pharmed' goat ... recombinant therapeutic protein, and living medicines used in cell therapy. Biologics can be composed of sugars, proteins, ... Receptor constructs (fusion proteins), usually based on a naturally occurring receptor linked to the immunoglobulin frame. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopharmaceutical

Contributions of protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions toward complex formation". The Journal of Biological ... antithrombin (AT) to inactivate several coagulation factors IIa, Xa, XIa and XIIa. The affinity of unfractionated heparin and ... "Kcentra- prothrombin, coagulation factor vii human, coagulation factor ix human, coagulation factor x human, protein c, protein ... and antithrombotic Proteins C and S. The factor Xa protease can be used in biochemistry to cleave off protein tags that improve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_X

... and protein C and protein S, whereas heparin and related compounds increase the action of antithrombin on thrombin and factor ... Thrombomodulin binds these proteins in such a way that it activates Protein C. The activated form, along with protein S and a ... as well as Protein S, Protein C and Protein Z. In adding the gamma-carboxyl group to glutamate residues on the immature ... Protein C is activated in a sequence that starts with Protein C and thrombin binding to a cell surface protein thrombomodulin. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation

Contributions of protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions toward complex formation". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (7): 3708-18. ... After the antithrombin III binds to Factor Xa, the Fondaparinux is released and can activate another antithrombin. Another drug ... Factor Va is inactivated following cleavage by activated protein C. Activated protein C cleaves Factor Va in both its light and ... it can serve as a cofactor for activated protein C. Once bound to Factor V, activated protein C cleaves and inactivates Factor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prothrombinase

It is chemically distinct from heparin, has different protein-binding properties because of its low degree of sulphation and ... It also possesses a minor anti-thrombin activity, mediated equally via AT and Heparin Co-factor II producing a ratio of anti-Xa ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danaparoid

Below is a list of genes/protein products that can be used to identify various types of stem cells, or functional assays that ... ALDH alkaline phosphatase alpha6-integrin Anti-WNT2B monoclonal antibody antithrombin III (AT) asialo GM1 Bcl-2 Beta- ... Stahl J, Wobus AM, Ihrig S, Lutsch G, Bielka H (September 1992). "The small heat shock protein hsp25 is accumulated in P19 ... Stem cell markers are genes and their protein products used by scientists to isolate and identify stem cells. Stem cells can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_marker

... groel protein MeSH D12.776.602.500.500.100 - fusion proteins, bcr-abl MeSH D12.776.602.500.500.320 - fusion proteins, gag-onc ... antithrombin iii MeSH D12.776.377.715.085.214 - ceruloplasmin MeSH D12.776.377.715.085.394 - haptoglobins MeSH D12.776.377.715. ... oncogene protein v-maf MeSH D12.776.964.700.750.875 - oncogene proteins v-abl MeSH D12.776.964.700.750.882 - oncogene proteins ... fusion proteins, gag-pol MeSH D12.776.964.775.350.400 - hiv core protein p24 MeSH D12.776.964.775.375.325 - fusion proteins, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776)

These proteins are then packaged into new infectious virions capable of infecting other cells. Two live samples of variola ... is characterized by a decrease in all of the elements of the coagulation cascade and an increase in circulating antithrombin. ... These regions contain proteins that modulate the hosts' immune systems, and are primarily responsible for the variability in ... The coding sequence for most of the viral proteins in variola major virus have at least 90% similarity with the genome of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox

Recombinant activated protein C (drotrecogin alpha) was originally introduced for severe sepsis (as identified by a high APACHE ... On the other hand, the use of antithrombin to treat disseminated intravascular coagulation is also not useful. Meanwhile, the ... Martí-Carvajal AJ, Solà I, Gluud C, Lathyris D, Cardona AF (December 2012). "Human recombinant protein C for severe sepsis and ... Consequentially, transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappa B and activator protein-1, will up-regulate the expression ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis

The signalling protein ERK5 is essential for maintaining normal endothelial cell function. A further consequence of damage to ... including heparan sulfate which acts as a cofactor for activating antithrombin, a protease that inactivates several factors in ... Additionally, transcription factors, which are substances which act to increase the production of proteins within cells, become ... These genes include critical immune mediators and proteins that facilitate cellular communication with hematopoietic immune ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelium

... thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), fragment 1+2, and D-dimer and decreased fibrinogen, factor VII, antithrombin, protein S, ... "G protein-coupled receptor 30-dependent protein kinase A pathway is critical in nongenomic effects of estrogen in attenuating ... Estrogens affect liver protein synthesis and thereby influence the cardiovascular system. They have been found to affect the ... Due to its effects on liver protein synthesis, oral estrogen is procoagulant, and has been found to increase the risk of venous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_(medication)

... a projective psychological test Thrombin-antithrombin complex, a protein complex Tropine acyltransferase, an enzyme Twin- ... HIV protein Tapas Acupressure Technique, an alternative medicine therapy Targeted alpha-particle therapy, radiation therapy for ... arginine translocation pathway, cellular protein export pathway Tyrosine aminotransferase, an enzyme encoded by the TAT gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tat

... converting enzyme Antithrombin-III Lipoprotein lipase Apolipoproteins Growth factors Chemokines The enzymes and proteins listed ... These enzymes and proteins include: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (endothelial NOS) Extracellular superoxide dismutase ( ... The glycocalyx also consists of a wide range of enzymes and proteins that regulate leukocyte and thrombocyte adherence, since ... and includes enzymes secreted by the absorptive cells that are essential for the final steps of digestion of proteins and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycocalyx

... complement c1 inactivator proteins MeSH D12.776.124.486.274.920.250.500 - complement c1 inhibitor protein MeSH D12.776.124.486. ... antithrombin iii MeSH D12.776.124.790.106.214 - ceruloplasmin MeSH D12.776.124.790.106.394 - haptoglobins MeSH D12.776.124.790. ... bence jones protein MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.900.225 - cryoglobulins MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.900.500 - myeloma proteins MeSH ... bence jones protein MeSH D12.776.124.790.651.900.225 - cryoglobulins MeSH D12.776.124.790.651.900.500 - myeloma proteins MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.124)

... activated protein C-protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI), and D-dimer (DD). These compounds are markers of thrombin generation (F1+2, ... Examples include prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), fibrinopeptide A (FpA), fibrin monomers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation_activation_marker

... antithrombin deficiency, protein C deficiency, or protein S deficiency), should be considered for lifelong oral anticoagulation ... APC (with protein S as a cofactor) degrades Factor Va and Factor VIIIa. APC resistance is the inability of protein C to cleave ... Activated protein C resistance (APCR) is a hypercoagulability (an increased tendency of the blood to clot) characterized by a ... Sheppard DR (2000). "Activated protein C resistance: the most common risk factor for venous thromboembolism". J Am Board Fam ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_protein_C_resistance

More info for Protein Antithrombin from e.1.1.1: Serpins. Timeline for Protein Antithrombin from e.1.1.1: Serpins: *Protein ... Protein Antithrombin from e.1.1.1: Serpins appears in SCOPe 2.06. *Protein Antithrombin from e.1.1.1: Serpins appears in the ... Lineage for Protein: Antithrombin. *Root: SCOPe 2.07 *. Class e: Multi-domain proteins (alpha and beta) [56572] (71 folds). ... Other proteins in same PDB: d1sr5.1. complexed with nag, nt1, nt2. *Domains for 1t1f: *. Domain d1t1fa_: 1t1f A: [119107]. ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=56584&ver=2.07

Protein C Deficiency:. Any pregnant woman with known protein C deficiency and found to have a protein C level below the lower ... Antithrombin Deficiency:. Any pregnant woman with known antithrombin deficiency and found to have an antithrombin level below ... UKOSS Antithrombin/Protein C deficiency data collection form. References. *^ Knight M, Nair M, Tuffnell D, Shakespeare J, ... Re-exploration after Caesarean Section Antithrombin / Protein C deficiency in pregnancy Fontan and Pregnancy COVID-19 ...

https://www.npeu.ox.ac.uk/ukoss/completed-surveillance/ant

Clinical correlates of plasma antithrombin and protein C levels in patients with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Sokoto, ...

https://www.ijrcog.org/index.php/ijrcog/article/view/10722/6866

Protein C, Protein S, Antithrombin III, and Factor V Leiden Deficiencies. Deficiencies of antithrombin III, protein C, and ... Deficiency of the naturally occurring anticoagulant proteins antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S, in addition to aPC ... Antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S are all essential components of the coagulation process. All are synthesized by the ... The relatively rare defects of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S deficiencies are found in 15-20% of thrombophilic ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/210467-178072/what-causes-fibrinogen-disorders

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/210467-overview

Your child may receive a protein called a "clotting factor" that their bodies dont make. The protein is given as a shot, in an ... It is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. All newborns in the U.S. are ... This gene mutation affects your childs ability to make a clotting protein called von Willebrand factor. Or it causes the ... Hemoglobin is the protein that helps red blood cells carry oxygen through the body. ...

https://www.ohsu.edu/doernbecher/pediatric-blood-disorders-noncancer

Known thrombogenic mutations§ (e.g., factor V Leiden; prothrombin mutation; protein S, protein C, and antithrombin deficiencies ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5904a4.htm

Protein S deficiency. *Antithrombin deficiency. Treatment of Thrombophilia. Treatment for thrombophilia depends on the type and ... If the process does not work correctly, the incorrect amount of proteins makes a clot that can form in the blood vessels that ... The clot or thrombus forms through a series of chemical reactions between blood cells (platelets) and proteins in the blood ( ... When the process works correctly, the correct amount of clotting proteins is present. ...

https://www.stlouischildrens.org/conditions-treatments/thrombophilia

Activated protein C resistance (checks for the Factor V Leiden mutation). *Antithrombin III levels ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000156.htm

Congenital antithrombin III deficiency is a genetic disorder that causes the blood to clot more than normal. ... The abnormal gene leads to a low level of the antithrombin III protein. This low level of antithrombin III can cause abnormal ... Antithrombin III is a protein in the blood that blocks abnormal blood clots from forming. It helps the body keep a healthy ... Congenital antithrombin III deficiency is an inherited disease. It occurs when a person receives one abnormal copy of the ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000558.htm

Anticardiolipin and protein S,C were ordered. Protein C was deficient and Antithrombin III was low. Other tests were normal. ... Therefore, additional tests were performed and they revealed a low level of antithrombin III and protein C deficiency. ... Since antithrombin III is a co-factor for heparin, [7] high doses of heparin would not be effective in this patient and despite ... In patients with protein C deficiency and the history of skin necrosis, heparin is started first and 72 hours later it is ...

http://ispub.com/IJA/9/1/13666

... as reflected by elevated plasma and lung levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes and fibrin degradation products. These ... Activated protein C (APC) is an anticoagulant with anti-inflammatory properties that exert beneficial effects in models of lung ... Macias WL, Nelson DR: Severe protein C deficiency predicts early death in severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 2004, 32: S223-S228. ... Taylor FB, Lockhart MS: Whole-blood clot lysis - In vitro modulation by activated protein C. Thromb Res 1985, 37: 639-649. ...

https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/cc8964

antithrombin deficiency. *protein C deficiency. *protein S deficiency. *plasminogen deficiency. *elevated fibrinogen ... 24-hour urine collection for protein, or spot urine for protein/creatinine ratio ...

https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/889

Known protein C, protein S, or antithrombin deficiency, or other known thrombophilic disorders ... decreased levels of anti factor Xa and antithrombin III; decreased antithrombin III activity; increased levels of fibrinogen ... Other binding proteins may be elevated in serum, for example, corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), sex hormone-binding ... Other plasma proteins may be increased (angiotensinogen/renin substrate, alpha-1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin). ...

https://www.rxlist.com/minivelle-drug.htm

Many of the inherited thrombophilic disorders, such as, antithrombin, protein C, or protein S deficiency, factor V Leiden, and ... Other examples of deficiencies involve Antithrombin (AT), Protein C and Protein S causing an increased generation of thrombin ... I think that protein of low MW like alpha1microglobulin would be an early test of renal damage but it is a very sensitive test ... This protein is routinely shed by cells into the blood and is present in most body fluids, with highest levels in the blood, ...

https://www.researchgate.net/topic/Renal-Disease

Deficiencies of protein C, protein S, or antithrombin III account for approximately 5-10% of all cases of DVT. [74] ... These include the heparin-antithrombin III (ATIII), protein C and thrombomodulin protein S, and the tissue factor inhibition ... Primary deficiencies of coagulation inhibitors antithrombin, protein C, and protein S are associated with 5-10% of all ... Factor V Leiden is a mutation that results in a form of factor Va that resists degradation by activated protein C, leading to a ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-overview

... antithrombin, fibrinogen, protein C and protein S was performed. Results: Samples exposed to dry ice had significantly lower pH ... Antithrombin and protein S were not significantly affected by dry ice exposure. Conclusions: Dry ice exposure lowered sample pH ... Placental protein-13 (PP13) in combination with PAPP-A and free leptin index (fLI) in first trimester maternal serum screening ... Background: Placental protein-13 (PP13) is involved in placental invasion and has been suggested as a maternal serum marker of ...

https://www.degruyter.com/journal/key/cclm/56/1/html

... women with antithrombin III, protein C, or protein S deficiency; and women with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. ...

http://www.health.am/pregnancy/more/thromboembolic-disorders/

Become pioneers of protein analysis with Roche cobas c systems. Benefit from a single integrated platform built on 50 years of ... Antithrombin - AT. *Tina-quant® Albumin - ALB. *Tina-quant® α1-Acid Glycoprotein - AAGP ... Clinical Chemistry - Specific Protein Portfolio. Integrate specific protein testing into your routine ... Become pioneers of protein analysis with Roche cobas c systems. Benefit from a single integrated platform built on 50 years of ...

https://diagnostics.roche.com/gb/en/products/params/specific-proteins.html

Protein C. Congenital coagulation disorder. Antithrombin III. Congenital coagulation disorder. C1 Esterase inhibitor ... Illustrative list of the main proteins coming from plasma and examples of conditions in which they are used ... Increase awareness of the current challenges related to plasma derived proteins in the general population, among health ... used to purify and concentrate a large array of human plasma proteins), and they do not agree on many policies related to ...

https://www.pharmexec.com/view/advocacy-and-access-complex-marketplace

... antithrombin. The goats excrete this protein into their milk (I hope their babies arent drinking this milk). Antithrombin ... This way, if more antithrombin is needed, the company that invented this scheme (GTC Biotherapeutics) just milks more goats. ... These have been bioengineered with a human gene that makes the anti-clotting protein, ...

https://www.foodpolitics.com/2009/02/and-now-genetically-engineered-goats/

Recombinant Human Serpin C1/Antithrombin-III Protein, CF Cat # 1267-PI. Citations (5) ...

https://www.rndsystems.com/products/human-coagulation-factor-x-antibody_af1063

α1-Antithrombin III. α1-Antitrypsin. α1-Lipoproteina. α2 Globulins ... Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of certain diseases in humans and animals.1,3-8,12 ... Serum protein electrophoresis was performed on samples from both clinically healthy (n=38) and clinically ill (n=16) black ... The first is to determine normal ranges and patterns of serum proteins separated by SPE in the black rhinoceros. The second is ...

https://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=26438&catId=159285&id=10027406&ind=124&objTypeID=17

No for Thromboembolic tendency other than atrial fibrillation (e.g. antiphospholipid syndrome, protein C, S, anti-thrombin III ... Yes for Thromboembolic tendency other than atrial fibrillation (e.g. antiphospholipid syndrome, protein C, S, anti-thrombin III ... Not sure for Thromboembolic tendency other than atrial fibrillation (e.g. antiphospholipid syndrome, protein C, S, anti- ... Thromboembolic tendency other than atrial fibrillation (e.g. antiphospholipid syndrome, protein C, S, anti-thrombin III ...

https://www.centerwatch.com/clinical-trials/listings/257523/monitoring-of-noac-therapy-standardizing-reference-intervals/?q=noac&page=3&query=noac&rnk=15

Pabinger I, Schneider B. Thrombotic risk in hereditary antithrombin III, protein C, or protein S deficiency. A cooperative, ... Abnormal levels of pro- and anticoagulant proteins,26-44 thrombin generation,39-45 clotting factor activity46 or resistance to ... Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature 1994;369:64-7. * Cited Here , ... Griffin JH, Evatt B, Zimmerman TS, Kleiss AJ, Wideman C. Deficiency of protein C in congenital thrombotic disease. J Clin ...

https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Fulltext/2012/02000/Procoagulant_Activity_in_Hemostasis_and.5.aspx

Protein C & S deficiency Congenital heart disease Pregnancy Antithrombin deficiency Antiphospholipid syndrome OCPs ...

https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/COVID-19-associated_pulmonary_embolism

Berichrom Protein C. Berichrom α2-Antiplasmin. Factor VIII Chromogenic Assay. INNOVANCE® Antithrombin ... Protein C. Protein S Ac. INNOVANCE Free PS Ag2. Other Reagents. BC von Willebrand Reagent. Complement Reagents2. INNOVANCE ETP ...

https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/fi/hemostasis/systems/bcs-xp-system

Known protein C, protein S, or antithrombin deficiency, or other known thrombophilic disorders. ...

https://apnews.com/5cbc8ba553094fe395531e15b19128e1

Primary or acquired deficiencies in protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III are other risk factors. Deficiency of these ... such as antithrombin III, protein C, or protein S deficiency. [16] In 1997, Nuss et al reported that 70% of children with a ... Endogenous plasma activated protein C levels and the effect of enoxaparin and drotrecogin alfa (activated) on markers of ... Factor V Leiden mutation causing resistance to activated protein C is the most common risk factor. Factor V Leiden mutation is ...

http://reference.medscape.com/article/300901-overview

Among the most important risk factors for venous thromboembolism in pregnancy is the presence of thrombophilia such as antithrombin deficiency. (ox.ac.uk)
Inherited thrombophilias, including antithrombin and protein C deficiency, are important risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). (ox.ac.uk)
Pregnant women are already at increased risk of VTE due to their hypercoagulable state so those with antithrombin deficiency are therefore at very high risk of VTE. (ox.ac.uk)
[2] There is a lack of straightforward guidance or a strong evidence base for management of antithrombin deficiency in pregnancy and it is currently unknown how this cohort of women is managed in the UK. (ox.ac.uk)
It is believed that protein C deficiency may increase the risk of pregnancy loss but the incidence of miscarriage and stillbirth in women with severe protein C deficiency is unknown. (ox.ac.uk)
This study will help us estimate the current prevalence of antithrombin III and heterozygous protein C deficiency among pregnant women in the UK and describe treatment methods and outcomes with a view to developing guidance to identify women at risk, improve management and reduce VTE risk in this group. (ox.ac.uk)
To use the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) to determine the prevalence of antithrombin/protein c deficiency in pregnant women in the UK and examine the management of the condition as well maternal and neonatal outcomes. (ox.ac.uk)
What is the prevalence of antithrombin/protein C deficiency in pregnancy in the UK? (ox.ac.uk)
How are pregnant women with antithrombin/protein C deficiency managed in the UK? (ox.ac.uk)
Any pregnant woman with known antithrombin deficiency and found to have an antithrombin level below the lower limit of normal for their local reference laboratory. (ox.ac.uk)
Bauer KA, Issues in the Diagnosis and Management of Hereditary Antithrombin Deficiency. (ox.ac.uk)
Congenital antithrombin III deficiency is a genetic disorder that causes the blood to clot more than normal. (medlineplus.gov)
Congenital antithrombin III deficiency is an inherited disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Once a person is diagnosed with antithrombin III deficiency, all close family members should be screened for this disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
Skin necrosis is a rare adverse effect of warfarin, occurring in about one of every 5000 or more patients treated with warfarin, and in about 3% of subjects affected by protein C deficiency. (ispub.com)
Skin necrosis usually happens in protein C deficiency subjects. (ispub.com)
Hereditary deficiency of antithrombin (AT), previously called AT III, is a hereditary thrombophilia of low prevalence (0.02%-0.2%) that was first described in 1965 and has autosomal dominant inheritance and variable penetrance. (revespcardiol.org)
Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital heart disease (1%-2%) and carries a higher risk of complications such as valvular dysfunction, aortic dissection, and even aortic valve thrombosis, which is commonly related to hypercoagulable states such as protein S deficiency 2 and antiphospholipid syndrome, 3 and may even occur spontaneously. (revespcardiol.org)
Genotype for patients with thrombophilia revealed that 10 (76.9%) protein C deficiency patients were PROC sequence variant carriers, 4 (21.1%) protein S deficiency were PROS1 sequence variant carriers, and 2 (50.0%) antithrombin III deficiency were SERPINC1 sequence variant carriers. (bvsalud.org)
The purpura results from thrombotic vaso- occlusion associated with deficiency of protein C, protein S and antithrombin III. (dermnetnz.org)
Hemophilia is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency or absence of one of the clotting proteins in blood, resulting in delayed clot formation. (versiti.org)
Considered the most common bleeding disorder, Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is an inherited bleeding disorder that is caused by deficiency or dysfunction of Von Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein that helps the adhesion of platelets at sites of injury within the body. (versiti.org)
Patients were excluded from the study when they suffer from (i) central line-associated VTE, VTE linked to malignancy, antiphospholipid syndrome, inherited antithrombin-, protein C- or protein S-deficiency or (ii) when they were lost to follow-up or did not abide by the follow-up visits. (springer.com)
Congenital protein C or S deficiency is a lack of proteins C or S in the fluid part of the blood. (adam.com)
Previous studies have suggested that urinary antithrombin (AT) loss leading to acquired AT deficiency is the primary mechanism underlying this hypercoagulopathy, but this hypothesis has not been directly tested. (bvsalud.org)
This test is used to detect the causes of thromboembolism (Blood clotting disorders) and protein -C deficiency. (rtdiagnostics.net)
Two types of congenital Protein-C deficiency are either due to a reduction in Protein-C deficiency/activity or because of dysfunctional Protein-C, thus resulting in a condition called as activated protein-C resistance. (rtdiagnostics.net)
Hence these pathological conditions contribute in formation of frequent blood clots (thrombophilia) and thus these patients are to be monitored since they are at a very high risk of intravascular thrombus formation (thrombosis) leading to complications such as VTE (venous thrombo-embolism), DIC, DVT, pulmonary embolism, stroke, purpura fulminans, death of newborn (neonatal purpura in newborn babies could be a clinical manifestation for the deficiency of APC-Activated Protein-C) etc. (rtdiagnostics.net)
Congenital antithrombin deficiency in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis. (cdc.gov)

For example, increased levels of plasma procoagulant proteins such as prothrombin and fibrinogen are established risk factors for thrombosis, whereas deficiencies in plasma factors VIII and IX result in bleeding (hemophilia A and B, respectively). (lww.com)
The primary outcome was the occurrence of congenital thrombophilia diagnosed through tests for congenital anticoagulants activity (including protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III), factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A sequence variants. (bvsalud.org)
Antithrombin and protein S activity was decreased and activated protein C (APC) resistance, D-dimer and prothrombin fragment 1.2, were increased in both groups on treatment. (nih.gov)
Samples were analyzed for prothrombin fragments (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin complexes, protein C (PC), APC, soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), and soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR). (uwo.ca)
Additional tests include chromogen (amidolytic) based assay - the formation of chromogenic colour is proportional to the amount of Activated protein-C - APC (hence Protein-C) in the plasma sample specimen (test results can be interfered with by hemolysis, lipemia, icterus etc), partially activated Protein-C test, antithrombin, lupus anticoagulant, antiphospholipid antibodies, factor V Leiden test, prothrombin test etc. (rtdiagnostics.net)

Some patients with dysfibrinogenemia have additional hemostasis defects, including factor V Leiden and deficiencies in antithrombin, protein C, and protein S. (medscape.com)
Other rare conditions, such as protein C, protein S , and antithrombin III deficiencies . (adam.com)
Deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C and protein S - practical experience in genetic analysis of a large patient cohort. (cdc.gov)

Different blood plasma components are divided into numerous types such as antibodies (immunoglobulins), albumin and coagulation proteins and then further distributed according to medical need in complex acute and chronic indications spanning e.g. haematology, immunology and neurology. (pharmexec.com)
The absolute ranges for total protein, albumin, and gamma (γ) globulins in the black rhinoceros are similar to those of domestic mammals, however, the albumin to globulin ratio and alpha (α) globulins tend to be lower while the beta (β) globulins tend to be higher in the black rhinoceros than in domestic mammals. (vin.com)
Plasma thrombin generation, albumin, and urine protein-to-creatinine ratios were determined using established methods. (bvsalud.org)

Children who have inherited thrombophilia may not have all the clotting factors needed, too many of the clotting factors or proteins needed, or their clotting factors are abnormal from a gene mutation. (stlouischildrens.org)

Lethal H1N1 influenza resulted in systemic and pulmonary activation of coagulation, as reflected by elevated plasma and lung levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes and fibrin degradation products. (biomedcentral.com)
Shear rate affects several aspects of coagulation, including transport rates of platelets and plasma proteins to and from the injury site, platelet activation, and the kinetics of fibrin monomer formation and polymerization. (lww.com)
Clotting proteins that circulate in the blood are activated on the surface of platelets to form a mesh-like fibrin clot. (versiti.org)
Of these, Antithrombin I (see FIBRIN ) and ANTITHROMBIN III appear to be of major importance. (bvsalud.org)

Limit the blood's ability to clot (to stop bleeding with platelets or clotting proteins). (ohsu.edu)
The clot or thrombus forms through a series of chemical reactions between blood cells (platelets) and proteins in the blood (clotting factors). (stlouischildrens.org)
the public sector is principally focused on blood collection (used for transfusion of red cells and blood platelets) whereas the private sector is focused mainly on plasma (used to purify and concentrate a large array of human plasma proteins), and they do not agree on many policies related to plasma collection and usage[8]. (pharmexec.com)

Ubiquitous in all life forms and central to any research or development program involving biomolecules, the interactions between proteins, nucleic acids, peptides and other biomacromolecules lie at the heart of biology, physiology, and medicine. (wyatt.com)

Chromogenic assay for the automated quantitation of functionally active antithrombin in human citrated plasma. (fishersci.com)
The INNOVANCE™ Antithrombin assay is an automated, ready-to-use, chromogenic assay that exhibits excellent precision and reliability. (fishersci.com)

Activated protein C (APC) is an anticoagulant with anti-inflammatory properties that exert beneficial effects in models of lung injury. (biomedcentral.com)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced dysregulation between thrombin and its regulatory anticoagulant activated protein C (APC). (uwo.ca)
Warfarin and other Coumarin derivatives act by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors , which include Factors II, VII, IX and X (FIG. 1), and the anticoagulant proteins C and S: The reverting agents act by restoring the synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors or by providing vitamin K dependent clotting factors. (iemig.it)

This recombinant protein (r-Antidote, PRT064445) is catalytically inactive and lacks the membrane-binding γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain of native fXa but retains the ability of native fXa to bind direct fXa inhibitors as well as low molecular weight heparin-activated antithrombin III (ATIII). (nih.gov)
The study suggests that thrombocytosis, increased platelet aggregation and decreased natural coagulation inhibitors [‎protein C and antithrombin III]‎ in splenectomized thalassaemic children may be significant in thrombotic complications in such patients. (who.int)
Because the deduced amino acid sequence qualified the protein as a novel member of the serpin family of serine protease inhibitors, we called it neuroserpin. (embl.de)
This quantitative assay for the determination of functional antithrombin utilizes human anti-Xa substrate and avoids interference with heparin cofactor II and direct thrombin inhibitors, such as hirudin. (fishersci.com)
The major complication of protein replacement therapy for haemophilia A is the development of anti-FVIII antibodies or inhibitors that occur in 25%−30% of persons with severe haemophilia A. Alternative therapeutics such as bypassing agents or immune tolerance induction protocols have additional challenges and are not always effective. (cdc.gov)
While this therapy has transformed the care of PWHA, the major complication of replacement therapy is the development of neutralizing alloantibodies to the FVIII protein, termed inhibitors, which at high titre (>5 Bethesda Units) render the therapy ineffective. (cdc.gov)

Specific interactions - those that lead to formation of well-defined complexes consisting of exact molecular stoichiometries (e.g., protein-ligand complexes). (wyatt.com)

Continuous technological advancement together with a future-oriented assay design made turbidimetry a excellent technology for the measurement of specific proteins that allows integration into routine testing without compromising the performance. (roche.com)
Moreover, other associated tests include Protein-C antigenic assay (which is not based on function or activity and helps to distinguish between type-1 and type-2 PC abnormalities) is performed by ELISA, radial immunodiffusion - RID etc. (rtdiagnostics.net)

The hypercoagulable state that can occur in some nephrotic states is likely due to loss of antithrombin III in urine. (unboundmedicine.com)

A typical lab can meet 91% of its Hemostasis testing needs with HemosIL liquid, ready-to-use assays, including PT, APTT, D-Dimer and Antithrombin. (werfen.com)

The corresponding nuclear antigens are the components of the nuclear pore complex (Gp210 for rim-like pattern) and Sp100, PML proteins (for MND pattern) detectable by immunoblotting and ELISA methods. (degruyter.com)
CusabioMouse Apolipoprotein A-I-binding protein (APOA1BP) ELISA kit is Available at Gentaur Genprice with the fastest. (joplink.net)
CusabioRat thrombin-antithrombin complex, TAT ELISA Kit is Available at Gentaur Genprice with the fastest delivery.Online Order. (joplink.net)

Approximately 60% is bound non-covalently to complement component C4b binding protein β-chain (C4BP), whereas the remaining 40% is free [ 3 ]. (stoptheclot.org)
Binary logistic regression analysis suggested that the combination of five urinary proteins (antithrombin-III, complement C3, α-1-acid glycoprotein 1, serotransferrin and cathepsin Z) may be used to diagnose MI with 94% sensitivity and 93% specificity. (bvsalud.org)

A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot. (harvard.edu)

Hyperlipidemia is thought to be a consequence of increased hepatic synthesis resulting from low oncotic pressure and urinary loss of regulatory proteins. (unboundmedicine.com)
A total of 233 urinary proteins were differentially expressed. (bvsalud.org)
In total, 12 differentially expressed urinary proteins were validated by MRM analysis, five of which were associated with MI for the first time in the present study. (bvsalud.org)

Protein C was deficient and Antithrombin III was low. (ispub.com)

Non-specific protein-protein interactions are also of interest in the formulation of biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies and other biologic drugs. (wyatt.com)

This gene mutation affects your child's ability to make a clotting protein called von Willebrand factor. (ohsu.edu)
It occurs when a person receives one abnormal copy of the antithrombin III gene from a parent with the disease. (medlineplus.gov)
The abnormal gene leads to a low level of the antithrombin III protein. (medlineplus.gov)
The sickle-cell gene, protein S (PS). (who.int)
Protein-C is homologous to factors VII, IX and X. The gene for Protein-C is located on the long arm of chromosome 2. (rtdiagnostics.net)

serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade C (antithrombin), me. (yeastrc.org)
Protein-C is a pro-enzyme (zymogen precursor) of serine protease synthesized by the liver which has multiple domains. (rtdiagnostics.net)
Protein-C activity: Protein-C serine protease pro-enzyme is converted to activate form i.e activated protein-C (APC) by thrombin and thrombomodulin. (rtdiagnostics.net)

In addition, tests for coagulopathy (Protein C, Protein S, anti-thrombin III, and homocysteine) and autoimmune diseases were all negative. (fvhospital.com)

The effect of r-Antidote was mediated by reducing plasma anti-fXa activity and the non-protein bound fraction of the fXa inhibitor in plasma. (nih.gov)

Antithrombin III is a protein in the blood that blocks abnormal blood clots from forming. (medlineplus.gov)
This low level of antithrombin III can cause abnormal blood clots (thrombi) that can block blood flow and damage organs. (medlineplus.gov)
viscosity, reduced red cell deformability, The main objectives of this study were abnormal red cell adhesive properties, en- to assess platelet aggregation patterns and dothelial intimal proliferation, bone marrow levels of PC, PS and AT III in SCA patients or fat embolism and a chronic hypercoagula- in the steady state and in vaso-occlusive ble state [6]. (who.int)

The proteins are natural substances that help prev. (adam.com)

Protein-C has an important role in the regulation of blood clots. (rtdiagnostics.net)

Protein S (PS) is an extensively studied protein with an important function in the down-regulation of thrombin generation. (stoptheclot.org)
Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on thrombin generation and protein C pathway. (uwo.ca)

The goats excrete this protein into their milk (I hope their babies aren't drinking this milk). (foodpolitics.com)
This way, if more antithrombin is needed, the company that invented this scheme ( GTC Biotherapeutics ) just milks more goats. (foodpolitics.com)

Other factors that stimulate Protein-C activation are thrombomodulin, endothelial protein-C receptors (present in the blood vessels) etc. (rtdiagnostics.net)

Antithrombin ordinarily has to be extracted from human plasma, an unreliable source. (foodpolitics.com)
Blood composition (the function of circulating blood cells and plasma proteins) is the most well studied component of the triad. (lww.com)
The current treatment for haemophilia is protein replacement therapy with plasma-derived or recombinant factor VIII proteins that are given on-demand in response to bleeds or prophylactically with the goal of preventing bleeding episodes. (cdc.gov)

If the process does not work correctly, the incorrect amount of proteins makes a clot that can form in the blood vessels that blocks blood flow to the surrounding tissues. (stlouischildrens.org)
The health care provider can also order a blood test to check if you have a low level of antithrombin III. (medlineplus.gov)
Protein -C is the main protein that helps in blood clotting. (rtdiagnostics.net)
Protein-C (PC) is also known as auto-pro-thrombin IIA and/or blood coagulation factor XIX). (rtdiagnostics.net)
Thus upon activation APC (activated protein-C) forms a complex with protein-S on a phospholipid surface and hence rapidly it inactivates blood clotting factors such as factor Va and factor VIIIa. (rtdiagnostics.net)
Activated protein-C (APC) other than regulating blood clotting, and apoptosis (programmed cell death), has Cytoprotective effects (anti-inflammatory effects on endothelial cells and leucocytes), and it is also involved in process inflammation, thus it has a modulatory role in inflammation (pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory actions. (rtdiagnostics.net)

Certain unique IBD syndromes occur more often in some breeds, such as the protein-losing enteropathy/nephropathy complex in Soft-coated Wheaten Terriers, immunoproliferative enteropathy of Basenjis, IBD in Norwegian Lundehunds, and histiocytic ulcerative colitis in Boxers. (msdvetmanual.com)

There are 21666 SERPIN domains in 21322 proteins in SMART's nrdb database. (embl.de)
Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing SERPIN domain. (embl.de)
The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins with SERPIN domain is also avaliable . (embl.de)
Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing SERPIN domain in the selected taxonomic class. (embl.de)
An endogenous family of proteins belonging to the serpin superfamily that neutralizes the action of thrombin. (bvsalud.org)

Sickle-cell anaemia (SCA) was first rec- aggregability, elevated beta thromboglobu- ognized as a haematological disorder more lin, reduced levels of protein C (PC) and than 90 years ago [1]. (who.int)
The patients' levels of protein C, antithrombin III and in vitro platelet aggregation in response to collagen were compared with those of 20 controls. (who.int)
In addition, the protein expression levels of three proteins were significantly restored to normal levels following surgical treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Elevated levels of Activated protein-C are seen in conditions like increased hepatic insulin resistance in patients with diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia, nephrotic syndrome, with the use of anabolic steroids, oral contraceptives, alcohol and with increasing age. (rtdiagnostics.net)
Levels of protein C, protein S and antithrombin were compared with those in 50 healthy controls. (who.int)
Patients with PVT had significantly lower levels of protein C, protein S and antithrombin than healthy subjects and those with DVT. (who.int)

2,14-19 Serum protein fractionation varies widely between species, thus it is necessary to establish a reference range in order to interpret SPE for a given species. (vin.com)

Six naturally occurring antithrombins have been identified and are designated by Roman numerals I to VI. (bvsalud.org)
The cellular environment, at an average macromolecular concentration of 300 - 400 mg/mL, naturally forces proteins, oligonucleotides and other biomacromolecules into close proximity with each other. (wyatt.com)

Mutations in number of genes regulating podocyte proteins were identified in families with inherited nephrotic syndrome. (unboundmedicine.com)
Hence about 20 genes are involved in the regulation of Protein-C activation (i.e up-regulation and down-regulation). (rtdiagnostics.net)

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of certain diseases in humans and animals. (vin.com)
Preliminary evaluation of data gathered from ill and subclinically ill individuals indicates that serum protein electrophoresis is helpful in the diagnosis of clinically inapparent disease in the black rhinoceros. (vin.com)

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), an endoplasmic reticulum protein vital for protein folding, also possesses essential extracellular functions, including regulation of thrombus formation. (aacrjournals.org)

Three days later, warfarin was stopped and because of low activity of Antithrombin III and elevation of FDP and D-dimer and decrease in platelet count, heparin infusion was stopped and enoxaparin (a low- molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), was started at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day. (ispub.com)
IGF-I circulates primarily in a high molecular weight tertiary complex with IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and acid-labile subunit. (unitslab.com)

Your child may receive a protein called a "clotting factor" that their bodies don't make. (ohsu.edu)

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs6

Intracellular accumulation of antithrombin Morioka (C95R), a novel mutation causing type I antithrombin deficiency. (1/31)

Deletion of P1 arginine in a novel antithrombin variant (antithrombin London) abolishes inhibitory activity but enhances heparin affinity and is associated with early onset thrombosis. (2/31)

P1 variant antithrombins Glasgow (393 Arg to His) and Pescara (393 Arg to Pro) have increased heparin affinity and are resistant to catalytic cleavage by elastase. Implications for the heparin activation mechanism. (3/31)

Replacement of Phe274 with conserved residue Tyr274 for reactive center loop expulsion in antithrombin. (4/31)

Use of dabigatran etexilate to reduce breast cancer progression. (5/31)

Endothelial differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells from elderly patients with cardiovascular disease. (6/31)

Development of a recombinant antithrombin variant as a potent antidote to fondaparinux and other heparin derivatives. (7/31)

Intravascular inhibition of factor VIIa and the analogue NN1731 by antithrombin. (8/31)

Antithrombin Proteins

Antithrombin III

Antithrombin III Deficiency

Antithrombins

Heparin

Factor Xa

Thrombin

Intracellular accumulation of antithrombin Morioka (C95R), a novel mutation causing type I antithrombin deficiency. (1/31)

Deletion of P1 arginine in a novel antithrombin variant (antithrombin London) abolishes inhibitory activity but enhances heparin affinity and is associated with early onset thrombosis. (2/31)

P1 variant antithrombins Glasgow (393 Arg to His) and Pescara (393 Arg to Pro) have increased heparin affinity and are resistant to catalytic cleavage by elastase. Implications for the heparin activation mechanism. (3/31)

Replacement of Phe274 with conserved residue Tyr274 for reactive center loop expulsion in antithrombin. (4/31)

Use of dabigatran etexilate to reduce breast cancer progression. (5/31)

Endothelial differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells from elderly patients with cardiovascular disease. (6/31)

Development of a recombinant antithrombin variant as a potent antidote to fondaparinux and other heparin derivatives. (7/31)

Intravascular inhibition of factor VIIa and the analogue NN1731 by antithrombin. (8/31)

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