An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29)
The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.
Volume of biological fluid completely cleared of drug metabolites as measured in unit time. Elimination occurs as a result of metabolic processes in the kidney, liver, saliva, sweat, intestine, heart, brain, or other site.
A quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from several FABACEAE including LUPINUS; SPARTIUM; and CYTISUS. It has been used as an oxytocic and an anti-arrhythmia agent. It has also been of interest as an indicator of CYP2D6 genotype.
A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.
The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.
An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378)
A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.
A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.
A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.
A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.
An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.
A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.
Heparin derivatives. The term has also been used more loosely to include naturally occurring and synthetic highly-sulphated polysaccharides of similar structure. Heparinoid preparations have been used for a wide range of applications including as anticoagulants and anti-inflammatories and they have been claimed to have hypolipidemic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th, p232)
Blood tests that are used to evaluate how well a patient's liver is working and also to help diagnose liver conditions.
An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.
Medical specialty concerned with the promotion and maintenance of the physical and mental health of employees in occupational settings.

Early delineation of ischemic tissue in rat brain cryosections by high-contrast staining. (1/491)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: After short periods of ischemia, commonly used staining methods yield only moderate differences in optical contrast between normal and damaged brain tissue when gray-scale images are used for computer-assisted image analysis. We describe a high-contrast silver infarct staining (SIS) method that allows an early delineation of ischemic tissue as soon as 2 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rat brain cryosections. METHODS: Rats were subjected to permanent MCAO for 2, 4, 6, and 48 hours. The optical densities were quantified in nonischemic white and gray matter and in damaged tissue from gray-scale images of serial sections with the use of a video camera-based image analyzing system. SIS, hematoxylin-eosin, Nissl, and nitroblue tetrazolium stainings were performed in cryosections, and 2,3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium hydrochloride (TTC) staining was performed in unfrozen vibratome sections. In addition, the range of reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) in areas demarcated by SIS was determined in iodo[14C]antipyrine autoradiograms of adjacent cryosections. RESULTS: At all times after MCAO, only SIS showed significantly (P<0.01) lower optical densities in damaged than in normal brain tissue for both white and gray matter. TTC staining was as effective as SIS 6 and 48 hours after MCAO. The tightest correlation between areas of reduced SIS and of reduced CBF was found at a mean ischemic CBF of 22.3 mL/100 g per minute. This corresponds to a CBF range of 0 to 44 mL/100 g per minute in areas of reduced SIS. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to other staining methods, SIS allows a reliable delineation of ischemic brain tissue (core plus penumbra) from nonischemic white and gray matter of rat brain cryosections as soon as 2 hours after MCAO.  (+info)

Cerebral blood flow responses to somatosensory stimulation are unaffected by scopolamine in unanesthetized rat. (2/491)

Studies with positron-emission tomography have indicated that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors may be involved in the mechanism of enhancement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by neuronal functional activation. We examined the effects of muscarinic receptor blockade by scopolamine on the local CBF responses to vibrissal stimulation in the whisker-to-barrel cortex sensory pathway in unanesthetized rats. Local CBF was measured by the quantitative autoradiographic [(14)C]iodoantipyrine method. Scopolamine (0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg) was injected i.v. 30 min before measurement of local CBF; control rats received equivalent volumes of physiological saline. Vibrissae on the left side of the face were stroked continuously throughout the 1-min period of measurement of CBF. Local CBF was determined bilaterally in four structures of the pathway, i.e., spinal and principal sensory trigeminal nuclei, ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus, and barrel field of the sensory cortex, as well as in four representative structures unrelated to the pathway. The higher dose of scopolamine raised baseline CBF in the two trigeminal nuclei, but neither dose diminished the percentage of increases in local CBF because of vibrissal stimulation in any of the stations of the pathway. These results do not support involvement of muscarinic receptors in the mechanism of enhancement of local CBF by functional neuronal activation, at least not in the whisker-barrel cortex sensory pathway in the unanesthetized rat.  (+info)

Cerebrovascular reactivity to CO(2) and hypotension after mild cortical impact injury. (3/491)

Cerebrovascular reactivity to CO(2) or hypotension was studied in vivo and in vitro [pressurized arteries ( approximately 82 micrometer) and arterioles ( approximately 30 micrometer)] at 1 h after mild controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury in rats. The cortical perfusion response [assessed using laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF)] to altered CO(2) was diminished (up to 81%) after mild CCI injury. The responses to CO(2) alterations in arteries and arterioles isolated from the injured cortex were similar to responses in vessels isolated from sham-injured animals. After mild CCI injury, the autoregulatory response to hypotension (measured using LDF) was maintained or even enhanced, depending on the method used to measure the response. Vessels isolated from the injury site showed a response to changes in pressure similar to that in vessels isolated from sham-injured rats. We conclude that mild CCI injury produces complicated alterations in cerebrovascular control. Whereas the autoregulatory response to hypotension was maintained or even enhanced, the in vivo vascular response to CO(2) was severely compromised. The altered response to CO(2) was not caused by an intrinsic vascular perturbation but rather an altered milieu after mild CCI injury.  (+info)

Direct detection of antipyrine metabolites in rat urine by (13)C labeling and NMR spectroscopy. (4/491)

Antipyrine is a useful probe to evaluate variation of in vivo activities of oxidative hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Here we describe a new approach using (13)C labeling and NMR spectroscopy for the direct and simultaneous detection of all phase I and phase II metabolites of antipyrine in rat urine. [C-methyl-(13)C]Antipyrine was synthesized and administered orally to rats (100 mg/kg), and the 0- to 24-h postdose urine was analyzed by 100-MHz (13)C NMR spectroscopy under the conditions of distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer without any pretreatments such as deconjugation, chromatographic separation, and solvent extraction. Consequently, all the major metabolites in urine were successfully detected with favorable signal-to-noise ratios in the limited acquisition time (30 min). The assignments of the resonances were performed by enzymic modification and spiking authentic samples. The reproducibility of the NMR detection was sufficient for the quantitative evaluation of the metabolic profile. Effects of 3-methylcholanthrene on antipyrine metabolism were examined by this approach to evaluate variation of in vivo phase I and phase II metabolism of antipyrine in rats. The present approach is useful and practical to evaluate variation of in vivo activities of conjugation enzymes as well as oxidation enzymes responsible for the formation of antipyrine metabolites in rats. This direct approach would enhance the value of the antipyrine test because of the simplicity and convenience.  (+info)

Decreased antipyrine clearance following endotoxin administration: in vivo evidence of the role of nitric oxide. (5/491)

Klebsiella pneumoniae endotoxin has been found to decrease hepatic P450-mediated drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in a time-dependent manner. In this study, we investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the decrease in hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity caused by endotoxin in vivo. We measured in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of antipyrine in rats treated with endotoxin and/or a selective inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), S-methylisothiourea. Intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (1 mg/kg of body weight) dramatically decreased the systemic clearance of antipyrine, reflecting reduced hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity, and significantly increased the level of nitrite and nitrate (NOx) in the plasma. S-Methylisothiourea (10 mg/kg) reversed this decreasing antipyrine clearance and reduced the level of NOx in plasma. Repeated injections of an NO donor, (+/-)-(E)-4-ethyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexenamide (FK-409; 10 mg/kg), at a dose which maintained plasma NOx at the same levels as those caused by endotoxin injection, also decreased the systemic clearance of antipyrine. These findings suggest that the overproduction of NO observed in this animal model is at least partially responsible for the significant reduction in the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity that may happen in a gram-negative bacterial infection.  (+info)

Modifications of blood volume alter the disposition of markers of blood volume, extracellular fluid, and total body water. (6/491)

Recirculatory pharmacokinetic models for indocyanine green (ICG), inulin, and antipyrine describe intravascular mixing and tissue distribution after i.v. administration. These models characterized physiologic marker disposition in four awake, splenectomized dogs while they were normovolemic, volume loaded (15% of estimated blood volume added as a starch solution), and mildly and moderately hypovolemic (15 and 30% of estimated blood volume removed). ICG-determined blood volumes increased 20% during volume loading and decreased 9 and 22% during mild and moderate hypovolemia. Dye (ICG) dilution cardiac output (CO) increased 31% during volume loading and decreased 27 and 38% during mild and moderate hypovolemia. ICG-defined central and fast peripheral intravascular circuits accommodated blood volume alterations and the fast peripheral circuit accommodated blood flow changes. Inulin-defined extracellular fluid volume contracted 14 and 21% during hypovolemia. Early inulin disposition changes reflected those of ICG. The ICG and inulin elimination clearances were unaffected by altered blood volume. Neither antipyrine-defined total body water volume nor antipyrine elimination clearance changed with altered blood volume. The fraction of CO not involved in drug distribution had a significant effect on the area under the antipyrine concentration-versus-time relationships (AUC) in the first minutes after drug administration. Hypovolemia increased the fraction of CO represented by nondistributive blood flow and increased the antipyrine AUC up to 60% because nondistributive blood flow did not change, despite decreased CO. Volume loading resulted in a smaller (less than 20%) antipyrine AUC decrease despite increased fast tissue distributive flow because nondistributive flow also increased with increased CO.  (+info)

Ketamine distribution described by a recirculatory pharmacokinetic model is not stereoselective. (7/491)

BACKGROUND: Differences in the pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of ketamine have been reported. The authors sought to determine whether these differences extend to pulmonary uptake and peripheral tissue distribution and to test the hypothesis that tissue distribution of the stereoisomers differs because of carrier-mediated drug transport. METHODS: The dispositions of markers of intravascular space and blood flow (indocyanine green, ICG) and total body water and tissue perfusion (antipyrine) were determined along with S-(+)- and R-(-)-ketamine in five mongrel dogs. The dogs were studied while anesthetized with 2.0% halothane. Marker and drug dispositions were described by recirculatory pharmacokinetic models based on frequent early and less-frequent later arterial blood samples. These models characterize pulmonary uptake and the distribution of cardiac output into parallel peripheral circuits. RESULTS: Plasma elimination clearance of the S-(+)-ketamine enantiomer, 29.9 ml x min(-1) x kg(-1), was higher than that of the R-(-)-enantiomer, 22.2 ml x min(-1) x kg(-1). The apparent pulmonary tissue volumes of the ketamine S-(+) and R-(-)-enantiomers (0.31 l) did not differ and was approximately twice that of antipyrine (0.16 l). The peripheral tissue distribution volumes and clearances and the total volume of distribution (2.1 l/kg) were the same for both stereoisomers when elimination clearances were modeled from the rapidly equilibrating peripheral compartment. CONCLUSIONS: Although the elimination clearance of S-(+)-ketamine is 35% greater than that of the R-(-)-enantiomer, there is no difference in the apparent pulmonary tissue volume or peripheral tissue distribution between the stereoisomers, suggesting that physicochemical properties of ketamine other than stereoisomerism determine its perfusion-limited tissue distribution.  (+info)

Evolution of microcirculatory disturbances after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. (8/491)

Nonischemic brain capillaries show a continuous and heterogeneous plasma perfusion. In the current study, plasma perfusion was investigated in rats during 2 to 168 hours of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Perfused capillaries were detected in brain cryosections by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran after 10 minutes of circulation time. Heterogeneity of capillary perfusion was identified by Evans blue (EB), which circulated for 3 seconds. In this setting, the heterogeneity of intracapillary EB concentrations reflects heterogeneities in capillary flow velocities. The CBF was quantified by simultaneous iodo[14C]antipyrine autoradiography. When moving from normal flow to low-flow areas in the ischemic hemisphere, three states of capillary filling could be distinguished: state 1--fast perfusion, filling by FITC dextran and EB (CBF 0.33 mL x g(-1) x min(-1)); state 2--delayed perfusion, only FITC dextran filling (CBF 0.104 mL x g(-1) x min(-1)); state 3--minimal perfusion, no dye filling (CBF 0.056 mL x g(-1) x min(-1)). In tissue of state 1 at the borderline to ischemic tissue, a higher heterogeneity of intracapillary EB concentration (85.7%) was found than in the contralateral nonischemic hemisphere (76.4%) (P < 0.05), indicating a compromised microcirculation. The adjacent ischemic areas were filled by FITC dextran (state 2) 2 to 4 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion, indicating a maintained, although slow, perfusion at this time. Later, minimal perfused areas (state 3) progressively replaced the delayed perfused areas (state 2). This study shows, for the first time, the evolution of microvascular disturbances in relation to CBF. In the low-flow areas, an early residual plasma perfusion is later followed by a lack of perfusion or minimal perfusion. In areas of higher, although reduced flow at the border between normal and ischemic tissue, an extreme capillary perfusion heterogeneity indicates permanent microcirculatory abnormalities.  (+info)

Antipyrine biotransformation has been used extensively in clinical studies as a marker for general hepatic oxidative or cytochrome P450 (P450)-mediated, metabolism. Studies have indicated that more than one P450 is involved in the formation of the three major human metabolites, 4-hydroxyantipyrine, norantipyrine, and 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine. However, the specific P450s involved have not yet been determined. We have developed a sensitive method for the measurement of antipyrine metabolites formed in the in vitro incubations and applied it to determine the P450s participating in the formation of each metabolite in human liver microsomes. The identification of these P450s was accomplished through the use of simple and multivariate regression analysis, selective chemical inhibitors, and microsomes containing cDNA-expressed enzymes. These methods implicated P450s 1A2, 3A, and 2A6 in the formation of 4-hydroxyantipyrine. The predominant form involved in 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine formation was found ...
The following studies were designed to evaluate plasma elimination kinetics of intravenously administered antipyrine, acetaminophen and lidocaine among 9 healthy adult horses and 9 healthy drug-free humans (3 each per drug group), in order to compare potential species differences in drug-metabolizing ability. Acetaminophen is largely biotransformed in humans by hepatic glucuronide and sulfate conjugation, whereas both antipyrine and lidocaine are oxidized by hepatic microsomal mixed-function Show moreThe following studies were designed to evaluate plasma elimination kinetics of intravenously administered antipyrine, acetaminophen and lidocaine among 9 healthy adult horses and 9 healthy drug-free humans (3 each per drug group), in order to compare potential species differences in drug-metabolizing ability. Acetaminophen is largely biotransformed in humans by hepatic glucuronide and sulfate conjugation, whereas both antipyrine and lidocaine are oxidized by hepatic microsomal mixed-function ...
Antipyrine er et uafhængigt forlag drevet af redaktør/kurator Mathias Kokholm. Forlaget udgiver titler inden for kunst, litteratur og teori; økonomi, teknologi, vandalisme, publicering som medium og praksis, skizofreni, science fiction og konceptuel poesi. Antipyrine er en åben situation, arbejder ofte kollektivt og researchbaseret, med et bagkatalog af komplekse og polemiske titler, der formulerer visioner i sin tid. Antipyrine organiserer seminarer, workshops og udstillinger, driver boghandel i Kunsthal Aarhus og udgiver tidsskriftet Monsieur Antipyrine, der redigeres af kunstner Jørgen Michaelsen, kunsthistoriker Mikkel Bolt og forfatterne Mikkel Thykier og Claus Handberg.. ...
References. 1. Day HL, Taylor RM. The liver. Part 5: acute liver failure. Nurs Times 2006; 102: 26-27. [ Links ] 2. Kawasaki T, Ishihara K, Ago Y, Nakamura S, Itoh S, Baba A, et al. Protective effect of the radical scavenger edaravone against methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mouse striatum. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 542: 92-99, doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.05.012. [ Links ] 3. Yang T, Mao YF, Liu SQ, Hou J, Cai ZY, Hu JY, et al. Protective effects of the free radical scavenger edaravone on acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 630: 152-157, doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.025. [ Links ] 4. Okatani Y, Wakatsuki A, Enzan H, Miyahara Y. Edaravone protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative damage to mitochondria in rat liver. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 465: 163-170, doi: 10.1016/S0014-2999(03)01463-8. [ Links ] 5. Ito K, Ozasa H, Noda Y, Arii S, Horikawa S. Effects of free radical scavenger on acute liver injury induced by d-galactosamine and ...
Rifampin is known to be an important stimulus to drug-metabolizing enzymes and can also induce the production of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). We have studied the time course for induction of drug metabolizing capability as assessed by the clearance of antipyrine and the plasma concentration of AGP following a chronic course of rifampin in dogs. The kinetics of the induction process were observed during a 22-day treatment period, and the wash-out period kinetics were followed for another 3 weeks. Rifampin kinetics were measured at the end of the 22-day dosing period. Both antipyrine clearance and AGP concentration were significantly increased by the rifampin treatment; antipyrine clearance doubled and AGP concentrations nearly tripled. When analyzed by a newly developed kinetic model of induction, it was determined that the time course for AGP or antipyrine clearance was not governed by a single rate constant. The second rate constant did not represent the accumulation or persistence of ...
Here, we have demonstrated the potential of meso- and microporous carbons in controlled release applications and targeted oral drug delivery. We have employed two mesoporous and two microporous carbons for the sustained release of one water-soluble drug (antipyrine) and one water-insoluble drug (indomethacin), using these as models to examine the controlled release characteristics. The micro-/mesoporous carbons were characterized as having a BET surface area of 372-2251 m 2 g -1 and pore volume 0.63-1.03 cm 3 g -1. The toxicity studies with E. coli bacterial cells did not reveal significant toxicity, which is in accordance with our previous studies on human cells with similar materials. Mucin adsorption tests with type III pork mucin demonstrated 20-30% mucin adsorption by the carbon samples and higher mucin adsorption could be attributed to higher surface area and more oxygen functionalities. Antipyrine and indomethacin loading was 6-78% in these micro-/mesoporous carbons. The signatures in ...
AOAC Official Method AOAC 968.42-1969, Benzocaine and antipyrine in drugs. Spectropho - The files are in electronic format(PDF/DOC/DOCX) and will be sent to your email within 24 hours. Test Method:AOAC 968.42-1969Title:Benzocaine and antipyrine in drugs. Spectrophotometric methodPages:2
JERSEY CITY, N.J. - Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America, Inc. (MTPA) today announced a post-hoc analysis of its Phase 3 edaravone study reviewing the results of intravenous (IV) edaravone treatment on disease progression milestones and events among people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the analysis, a risk reduction was observed for the exploratory composite estimate of time to death, tracheostomy, permanent assisted ventilation (PAV), and hospitalization. The data was highlighted as an oral presentation at the 2021 Muscular Dystrophy Association Clinical & Scientific Virtual Conference.. While the Phase 3 edaravone study was not designed with survival as an endpoint, this post-hoc analysis allows us to explore insights on the results of early treatment intervention on survival-related events due to ALS progression, including death, hospitalization, ventilation and tracheostomy, said Atsushi Fujimoto, President, MTPA. We are committed to putting patients first in everything we do, ...
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking acetaminophen, dichloralphenazone, and isometheptene (Epidrin, Midrin, Migquin, Migragesic IDA)? How should I take acetaminophen, dichloralphenazone, and isometheptene (Epidrin, Midrin, Migquin, Migragesic IDA)?
O:13:\PanistOpenUrl\:36:{s:10:\\u0000*\u0000openUrl\;N;s:6:\\u0000*\u0000idc\;N;s:6:\\u0000*\u0000fmt\;s:7:\journal\;s:6:\\u0000*\u0000doi\;s:0:\\;s:6:\\u0000*\u0000pii\;s:0:\\;s:7:\\u0000*\u0000pmid\;s:0:\\;s:9:\\u0000*\u0000atitle\;s:103:\COMPARISON OF RATE OF HEPATIC METABOLISM IN VITRO AND HALF-LIFE FOR ANTIPYRINE IN VIVO IN THREE SPECIES\;s:9:\\u0000*\u0000jtitle\;s:0:\\;s:9:\\u0000*\u0000stitle\;s:0:\\;s:7:\\u0000*\u0000date\;s:4:\1979\;s:9:\\u0000*\u0000volume\;s:0:\\;s:8:\\u0000*\u0000issue\;s:0:\\;s:8:\\u0000*\u0000spage\;s:0:\\;s:8:\\u0000*\u0000epage\;s:0:\\;s:8:\\u0000*\u0000pages\;s:0:\\;s:7:\\u0000*\u0000issn\;s:0:\\;s:8:\\u0000*\u0000eissn\;s:0:\\;s:9:\\u0000*\u0000aulast\;s:7:\MCMANUS\;s:10:\\u0000*\u0000aufirst\;s:2:\ME\;s:9:\\u0000*\u0000auinit\;N;s:10:\\u0000*\u0000auinitm\;N;s:5:\\u0000*\u0000au\;a:2:{i:0;s:10:\MCMANUS ME\;i:1;s:8:\ILETT ...
Easy to read FDA package insert, drug facts, dosage and administration, and adverse effects for Aurodex (Antipyrine / Benzocaine)
Auralgan (Antipyrine, Benzocaine and Glycerin Dehydrated) may treat, side effects, dosage, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, reviews, and related medications including drug comparison and health resources.
569-84-6 - DXKXOTURGHVQIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Antipyrine mixture with aspirin - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.
Antipyrine definition: a drug formerly used to reduce pain and fever . Formula: C 11 H 12 N 2 O | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples
Find medical information for ISOMETHEPTENE/ ACETAMINOPHEN/ DICHLORALPHENAZONE - ORAL (a-SEET-a-MIN-oh-fen/EYE-soe-meth-EP-teen/ DYE-klor-al-FEN-a-zone
Additional experiments were conducted to examine the disappearance and appearance coefficients of the passive transcellular (antipyrine, 0.2 mM) and paracellular (mannitol, 2.0 mM) markers using the above-mentioned SPIP model (n = 5/group). The gut does not metabolize mannitol and antipyrine and absorbs these two compounds in an unchanged form. The effects of verapamil at 50 μM on the permeability of both antipyrine and mannitol were also investigated.. Cell Culture. Caco-2 cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD). The control vector MDCKII cell line and its human MDR1 recombinantly transfected derivative, MDR1-MDCKII, were a kind gift from Professor Piet Borst (Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The cells were cultured in Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% nonessential amino acids, and 100 U/ml penicillin and gentamicin. The cells were grown in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 90% relative ...
Antipyrine Bookstore i Kunsthal Aarhus er et nyt samarbejde med det uafhængige forlag Antipyrine. Samarbejdet begyndte i sommeren 2013 med produktionen af en række publikationer, udstillinger, forskning og udstilingen Reading Machines. Boghandlen udvikles gradvist og fyldes med en lang række udgivelser særligt fra små uafhængige forlag og tidsskrifter fra hele verden, indenfor de overordnede emner kunst, litteratur og teori. Herudover vil boghandlen give særlig plads til den tekstbaserede kunst og kunstnerbøger.. Boghandlen vil være en del af Kunsthal Aarhus øvrige program og i varierende omfang reflektere og tilbyde yderligere kontekst til aktuelle udstillinger med særligt udvalgte udgivelser og arrangementer. Herudover vil boghandlen have et eget program med gæsteforlag, små udstillinger af bøger og en række foredrag og boglanceringer i samarbejde med de repræsenterede forlag,tidsskrifter og andre aktører.. Antipyrine Bookstore har omkring 60 små og store udgivere i ...
This page contains information on the chemical Acetic acid, (p-((3-methyl-5-oxo-2-pyrazolin-4-ylidene)methyl)phenoxy)-, (4-bromo-3-nitro- alpha-methylbenzylidene)hydrazide including: 2 synonyms/identifiers.
This page contains information on the chemical Acetic acid, (p-((3-methyl-5-oxo-2-pyrazolin-4-ylidene)methyl)phenoxy)-,(4-methoxybenzy lidene)hydrazide including: 2 synonyms/identifiers.
4-Iodoantipyrine was prepared from antipyrine according to the reaction equation:. 3C11H12N2O+2KI+KIO3+3HCl→3C11H11N2OI+3KCl+3H2O. The product was separated from the reaction mixture and purified by recrystallization. The iodoantipyrine was labeled with I131 by means of an exchange reaction with NaI131. It was separated from the unbound radioactivity by anion exchange chromatography.. The purity of the product was determined by cellulose thin layer chromatography using ethanol-chloroform-water (45:45:10) as the solvent system. The purity of the 4-iodoantipyrine-I131 decreased with time due to a splitting off of the I131 atom and subsequent formation of NaI131. This spontaneous deiodination was best minimized by storage in methanol at low temperatures.. ...
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered: Allergies Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully. Children Studies with this medicine have been done only in adult patients, and there is no specific information about its use in children. Older adults Many medicines have not been tested in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults or if they cause different side effects or problems in older people. There is no specific information comparing use of this combination medicine in the elderly ...
Edaravone has been used in patients with acute ischemic stroke in Japan for over 10 years but does not have marketing authorization in Europe or America. Either patients in Europe and America are not receiving an effective treatment, or those in Asia are being given a treatment which is not effective. Finding out which of these is true will require further clinical trials, and a better understanding of its efficacy in animal models may help inform the design of those trials so that it might be tested under conditions where there is the greatest prospect of success. We systematically reviewed the efficacy of edaravone in animal models of focal ischemia and summarized data using weighted mean difference DerSimonian and Laird random-effects modeling. We used stratified meta-analysis and metaregression to assess the influence of study design and methodological quality. We identified 49 experiments describing outcome in 814 animals; 30 experiments (519 animals) reported functional and 35 experiments ...
Edaravone may be the first ALS treatment approved in U.S. in more than 20 years. As many as 30,000 Americans are estimated to be affected by ALS and more than 5,600 are diagnosed annually.
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Harga Terendah Kualiti API Edaravone CAS No 89-25-8 Formula molekul: C 10 H 10 N 2 O Sinonim: Pemaju CI 1; Radikal; Pemaju CI 1; 1-Phenyl-3-methylpyrazolone-5; Methylphenylpyrazolone; 3H-Pyrazol-3-one, 2, 4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-phenyl-; 2-Pyrazolin-5-one, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-; Edaravone (JAN); 3H-Pyrazol-3-one ...
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Diminazene and antipyrine granules,US $ 1.4 - 2 / Box, Antibacterial Drugs, Injection, Granules, Cattle, Fowl, Horse, Sheep.Source from Hebei Kexing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. on Alibaba.com.
A dry reagent test strip for determining the concentration of an analyte in a liquid sample is described. The test strip has a matrix containing reagent detection chemistry, which includes an oxidase enzyme that can utilize the analyte as a substrate forming hydrogen peroxide, a benzidine dye precursor, a peroxidase enzyme, and an antipyrine compound. The addition of an antipyrine compound to the reagent detection chemistry provides a standard concentration graph which is substantially linear in a desired range of analyte concentration. The precision and accuracy of reading the test strip are enhanced.
Effects of antipyrine on umbilical and regional metabolism in late gestation in the fetal lamb. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on uterine contractions and prostaglandin production in pregnant rats
1-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (CAS 90-31-3) Market Research Report 2017 aims at providing comprehensive data on 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one
The effect of enzyme induction on the metabolism of bis(2- methoxyethyl)ether (111966) (diglyme) was studied in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley-rats were administered 5.1 millimoles per kilogram (mmol/kg) diglyme or 0.1 percent phenobarbital (PB) in their drinking water for 22 days. The effects on hexobarbital sleeping time were evaluated. Other rats were pretreated with 5.1mmol/kg labeled diglyme or 0.
Other names: Acetamide, N-antipyrinyl-; Acetamide, N-(2,3-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-; Acetamidoantipyrine; Acetyl-4-aminoantipyrine; Acetylaminoantipyrine; Acetylated 4-aminoantipyrine; Antipyrine, 4-acetamido-; N-Acetyl-4-aminoantipyrine; 4-Acetamidoantipyrine; 4-Acetaminoantipyrine; 4-Acetoaminoantipyrine; 4-Acetylaminophenazone; Aminoantipyrine, N-acetyl-; 4-(N-Acetylamino)antipyrine; NSC 331807; N-(2,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolin-4-yl)acetamide ...
Since episodes of AOM frequently are associated with pain, the use of analgesics-especially during the first 24 hours of an episode-are strongly recommended by the AAP/AAFP guidelines. Treatment options to reduce the pain associated with otalgia include acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and antipyrine/benzocaine otic solution.7 Antipyrine/benzocaine otic solution is a prescription product used for its local analgesic properties. After the solution is instilled into the ear canal, relief of ear pain occurs in approximately 30 minutes. This product is for otic use only, and it should not be used if the solution is brown or contains a precipitate. Disposal of the bottle is recommended 6 months after the dropper is placed in the solution.12. Treatment with an antibacterial agent is recommended for children younger than 6 months of age, children aged 6 months to 2 years with a certain diagnosis of AOM, and any child with moderate-to-severe otalgia or a fever of 102.2°F (39°C) or greater. Observation ...
This medicine is for use in the outer ear canal. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Wash hands before and after use. Warm the solution by holding the bottle in the hand for 1 to 2 minutes. Lie with the affected ear facing upward. Fill ear canal with the solution. Insert a cotton pledget moistened with medication at the ear opening. Repeat, if necessary, for the opposite ear. Do not touch the tip of the dropper to the ear, fingertips, or other surface. Do not rinse the dropper after use. Use your medicine at regular intervals. Do not use it more often than directed.. Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.. ...
Ear pain. This is a topical anesthetic used to relieve ear pain in ear infections. Drops are put in the ear canal and a cotton plug is then inserted to keep the medication from dribbling out. It can be used every few hours if needed. Read more... ...
Lung hyperpermeability affects the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but therapeutic strategies for the control of microvascular permeability have not been established. We examined the effects of edaravone, dexamethasone, and N-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) on permeability changes in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) under a hypercytokinemic state. Human PMVEC were seeded in a Boyden chamber. After monolayer confluence was achieved, the culture media were replaced respectively by culture media containing edaravone, dexamethasone, and L-NMMA. After 24-h incubation, the monolayer was stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Fluorescein-labeled dextran was added. Then the trans-human PMVEC leak was measured. Expressions of vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) and zonula occludens-1 protein (ZO-1) were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence microscopy. The ...
samu SULPYRIN injection, an analgesicㆍantipyreticㆍantispasmodic of which main ingredient is Sulpyrin, one of Pyrazolone derivative, shows stronger fever alleviating effect about three times as much as Antipyrine and also has powerful action of analgesic and antiphlogistic ...
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One measure of tissue drug exposure is the area under the arterial plasma concentration-versus -time curve (AUC) for the time during which the concentration of the drug remains above some threshold value. We have previously demonstrated that in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane (1.7 MAC), the AUC0-3minfor antipyrine, a marker of lipophilic drug disposition, more than doubled compared to the same animals while awake. 5 Likewise, when awake dogs were treated with an infusion of phenylephrine in a dose sufficient to double the baseline calculated systemic vascular resistance, the AUC0-3minincreased by 75% relative to placebo-treated awake animals. 6 We discovered that the increased arterial concentrations of this lipophilic marker were due to a relative increase in the proportion of cardiac output not involved in the distribution of drug to peripheral tissues. The nondistributive blood flow acts as a pharmacokinetic shunt. This pharmacokinetic shunt could have significantly increased the amount ...
RADICAVA (Edaravone) drug information & product resources from MPR including dosage information, educational materials, & patient assistance.
Another strong feature of the realist novel is its engagement with issues of contemporary life and this is therefore another reason for which the reader may render Great Expectations a realist novel. It has a clear engagement throughout with particularly striking elements of Victorian society. Throughout the novel Dickens deals heavily with the contemporary issue of social class. The reader of Great Expectations meets a range of characters from throughout the social class system and is presented with a stark contrast between them all.. For example, the striking contrast between Pip and Estella as children.She overtly criticises his lower class ways and condescendingly refers to him as boy[7] repeatedly as if he is an inferior being to herself. By drawing such a stark contrast between the characters of different social classes Dickens is able to draw to the attention of the reader the unfairness of the class system. As well as the unfairness of the system, Dickens highlights the negative ...
Armadale audiobook by Wilkie Collins (1824-1889) The novel has a convoluted plot about two distant cousins both named Allan Armadale. The father of one had murdered the father of the other (the two fathers are also named Allan Armadale). The story starts with a deathbed confession by the murderer in the form of a letter to be given to his baby son when he grows up. Many years are skipped over. The son, mistreated at home, runs away from his mother and stepfather, and takes up a wandering life Read more [...] ...
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Read Quantitative autoradiographic mapping of 5‐HT 3 receptors in the rat CNS using ( 125 I)iodo‐zacopride and ( 3 H)zacopride as radioligands, Synapse on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
The reason I am asking is I am getting two types of response from 2 different Neurologist, One doctor is saying first cycle is 14 days (60 mg) each day and then 14 days gap and after that 10 injection per cycle with 14 days gap in between .. Total 6 cycles ...
The FDA approved Radicava (edaravone) to treat patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly referred to as Lou Gehrigs disease.
Applications of Rauzy Induction on the Generic Ergodic Theory of Exchange Transformations. Financial Analyst, TPR Associates, The Woodlands, TX.. 2005: Zheng Meng B.S., M.S. Shanghai University ...
Eryzole - Get up-to-date information on Eryzole side effects, uses, dosage, overdose, pregnancy, alcohol and more. Learn more about Eryzole
Product Name: Veterinary Diminazene Aceturate Antipyrine injection Common Name: Veterinary Diminazene Aceturate Phenazone injection Strength: Diminazene Aceturate 140 mg Antipyrine 750 mg Description: Diminazene Aceturate + Antipyrine ready to use...
As a part of a directed program for development of new active agents, novel heterocyclic derivatives with antipyrine and pyrazolone moieties -incorporated in- have been designed and synthesized. Starting with 4-arylidene-3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone derivative 2a,b novel Mannich bases derivatives have been synthesized and biologically evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, the activity of such compounds has been tested interestingly as COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors. Structure elucidation of the synthesized compounds was attained by the use of elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass spectrometry techniques. Compounds 3b, 3d and 4b represent the high % inhibition values for both COX-1 and COX-2. On the other hand, compound 8 showed little selectivity against COX-2 while compound 10 showed good selectivity against COX-1 only. Structure activity relationship has been discussed and the results were confirmed by molecular docking calculations. ...
Dichloralphenazone is a sedative composed of chloral hydrate and phenazone. It is typically found in combination products Nodolor and Midrin containing isometheptene and acetaminophen used for the relief of tension and vascular headaches. It is a US Schedule IV drug and its clinical use is limited.
Purpose.: To investigate whether edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one), a free radical scavenger, would be neuroprotective against photoreceptor cell death in a rat model of retinal detachment (RD). Methods.: RD was induced in adult Brown Norway rats by subretinal injection of sodium hyaluronate. Edaravone (3, 5, or 10 mg/kg) or physiologic saline was administered intraperitoneally once a day until death on day 3 or 5. Oxidative stress in the retina was assessed by 4-hydroxynonenal staining or ELISA for protein carbonyl content. Photoreceptor death was assessed by TUNEL and measurement of the outer nuclear layer thickness. Western blot analysis and caspase activity assays were performed. Inflammatory cytokine secretion and inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated by ELISA and immunostaining, respectively. Results.: RD resulted in increased generation of ROS. Treatment with 5 mg/kg edaravone significantly reduced the ROS level, along with a decrease in TUNEL-positive cells in the ...
The aim of this study was to develop a pharmacokinetic model to describe the transplacental transfer of drugs, based on the human placental perfusion study. The maternal and fetal sides of human placentas were perfused with salicylic acid together with antipyrine, a passive diffusion marker. The drug concentration in the placental tissue was determined at the end of perfusion. A compartment model consisting of maternal space, fetal intravascular space, and placental tissue was fitted to the observed concentration profiles of salicylic acid in the maternal and fetal effluents. The developed model could adequately explain the concentration profiles of salicylic acid in the effluents with influx clearances from maternal and fetal perfusates to placental tissue of 0.0407 and 0.0813 ml/min/g cotyledon and efflux rate constants from placental tissue to maternal and fetal perfusates (k2 and k3) of 0.0238 and 0.176 min(-1), respectively. The kinetics of antipyrine was adequately described by assuming rapid
This medicine is only for use in the outer ear canal. Do not take by mouth. Follow the directions carefully. Wash hands before and after use. The solution may be warmed by holding the bottle in the hand for 1 to 2 minutes. Lie with the affected ear facing upward. Fill ear canal with the solution. After the drops are instilled, remain lying with the affected ear upward for 5 minutes to help the drops stay in the ear canal. A cotton pledget moistened with medicine may be gently inserted at the ear opening for no longer than 5 to 10 minutes to ensure retention. Repeat, if necessary, for the opposite ear. Do not touch the tip of the dropper to the ear, fingertips, or other surface. Do not rinse the dropper after use.. If using for ear wax removal, your doctor or health care professional will tell you how to use this medicine.. Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.. ...
This medicine is only for use in the outer ear canal. Do not take by mouth. Follow the directions carefully. Wash hands before and after use. The solution may be warmed by holding the bottle in the hand for 1 to 2 minutes. Lie with the affected ear facing upward. Fill ear canal with the solution. After the drops are instilled, remain lying with the affected ear upward for 5 minutes to help the drops stay in the ear canal. A cotton pledget moistened with medicine may be gently inserted at the ear opening for no longer than 5 to 10 minutes to ensure retention. Repeat, if necessary, for the opposite ear. Do not touch the tip of the dropper to the ear, fingertips, or other surface. Do not rinse the dropper after use.. If using for ear wax removal, your doctor or health care professional will tell you how to use this medicine.. Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.. ...
When using this server please cite the following paper:. Zsila F, Bikadi Z, Malik D, Hari P, Pechan I, Berces A, Hazai E.. Evaluation of drug-human serum albumin binding interactions with support vector machine aided online automated docking.. Bioinformatics. 2011 May 18. ...
Hey mommas- I woke up last night with extreme ear pain and what turned out to be a horrible ear infection and possibly ruptured ear drum. I was prescribed augmentin which seems to be deemed safe for breastfeeding moms. I was also given drops to help with pain and drainage called antipyrine benzocaine. I couldnt find much on it other than the usual cya warning to talk to your doc if pregnant or breastfeeding. Anyone use these/know their safety??
53-35-0 - GNFTWPCIRXSCQF-UJXAPRPESA-N - 6beta-Hydroxycortisol - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.
Free, official coding info for 2021 ICD-10-CM T39.2X2S - includes detailed rules, notes, synonyms, ICD-9-CM conversion, index and annotation crosswalks, DRG grouping and more.
The outcome and statistical analysis were divided to three cohorts: 1) patients having elevated D-dimer degrees, 2) patients having increased D-dimer degrees and age 75 decades or older( and 3) those who received a single dose of their drug. The outcome of the trial were also analyzed in a tiered strategy. In case cohort inch revealed statistically significant data, then the consequences of cohort 2 will be analyzed; nevertheless, if one among those cohorts didnt reveal statistical significance, then the subsequent cohorts could simply be considered exploratory. This design, directed by the FDA, has been intended to recognize specific benefit classes in a report population. Cohort inch didnt reveal statistical value that extended prophylaxis using betrixaban paid off the combination VTE end point as well as enoxaparin (6.9percent versus 8.5 percent; P = 0.054). Cohort 2 revealed a statistical decrease in composite VTEs using betrixaban in comparison to enoxaparin (5.6percent versus 7.1 ...
The Silent Patient by Alex Michaelides PDF complete novel free download. The Silent Patient is a beautiful and heart-wrenching novel that you can download in PDF or ePub format. The Silent Patient by Alex Michaelides Summary The Silent Patient: A Novel is a beautiful novel with a great story and impressive moral and social lesson for the readers of. » Read more ...
Rich in collagen and elastin, this powerful liposome based cream moisturizes, firms, and provides antioxidant benefits to skin. Contains gamma linoleic acid (GLA) which serves as to improve barrier functions and provides lipid replacement. It also contains Vitamin E, as an antioxidant and free-radical scavenger. Save $42 on the larger 4oz size !

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