Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Pentamidine
Parasitic Sensitivity Tests
Leishmania donovani
Protozoan Infections
Trypanocidal Agents
Mikania
Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanosoma
Leishmania infantum
A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes visceral leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). Human infections are confined almost entirely to children. This parasite is commonly seen in dogs, other Canidae, and porcupines with humans considered only an accidental host. Transmission is by Phlebotomus sandflies.
Inhibitory Concentration 50
Chagas Disease
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.
Trypanosomiasis, African
A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces "African sleeping sickness." Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.
Chagas Cardiomyopathy
A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. After infection, less than 10% develop acute illness such as MYOCARDITIS (mostly in children). The disease then enters a latent phase without clinical symptoms until about 20 years later. Myocardial symptoms of advanced CHAGAS DISEASE include conduction defects (HEART BLOCK) and CARDIOMEGALY.
Amebicides
International Classification of Diseases
A system of categories to which morbid entries are assigned according to established criteria. Included is the entire range of conditions in a manageable number of categories, grouped to facilitate mortality reporting. It is produced by the World Health Organization (From ICD-10, p1). The Clinical Modifications, produced by the UNITED STATES DEPT. OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, are larger extensions used for morbidity and general epidemiological purposes, primarily in the U.S.
Drugs, Generic
Annonaceae
Trypanosoma brucei brucei
Biological Products
Plasmodium falciparum
Entamoeba histolytica
Lippia
Entamoeba
Entamoebiasis
Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcosis
Taenia solium
Echinococcus
Albendazole
Ascorbic Acid
A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency
A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)
Vitamin A
Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.
Vitamin E
A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.
Vitamins
Oxidative Stress
Vitamin D
A vitamin that includes both CHOLECALCIFEROLS and ERGOCALCIFEROLS, which have the common effect of preventing or curing RICKETS in animals. It can also be viewed as a hormone since it can be formed in SKIN by action of ULTRAVIOLET RAYS upon the precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol and ERGOSTEROL, and acts on VITAMIN D RECEPTORS to regulate CALCIUM in opposition to PARATHYROID HORMONE.
Bacteriology
Ophthalmology
Naegleria fowleri
Encyclopedias as Topic
Naegleria
Persistent damage to Enterocytozoon bieneusi, with persistent symptomatic relief, after combined furazolidone and albendazole in AIDS patients. (1/1602)
AIM: To investigate morphological changes in Enterocytozoon bieneusi and the duration of symptomatic relief after combination treatment with furazolidone and albendazole in AIDS patients. METHODS: Four severely immunocompromised AIDS patients with symptomatic E bieneusi infection of the gut received an 18 day course of combined furazolidone and albendazole (500 + 800 mg daily). All patients were monitored for parasite shedding in stool by light microscopy at the end of treatment and monthly during follow up. At the end of treatment, duodenal biopsy specimens obtained from three patients were studied by transmission electron microscopy by two pathologists blind to the patients' treatment or clinical outcome. Duodenal biopsy specimens obtained from one of the patients two months after completion of treatment were also studied electronmicroscopically. RESULTS: All patients had long lasting symptomatic relief, with a major decrease--or transient absence--of spore shedding in stools from completion of treatment. After treatment, changes in faecal spores were persistently found by light microscopy in all cases, and there was evidence of both a substantial decrease in the parasite load and ultrastructural damage in the parasite in all biopsy specimens. The treatment was well tolerated, and no patient had clinical or parasitological relapse during follow up (up to 15 months). CONCLUSIONS: The long lasting symptomatic relief observed in all four treated patients correlated with the persistent decrease in parasite load both in tissue and in stool, and with the morphological changes observed in the life cycle of the protozoan. These data suggest that combined treatment with furazolidone and albendazole is active against E bieneusi and may result in lasting remission even in severely immunocompromised patients. (+info)U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of AmBisome (liposomal amphotericin B) for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. (2/1602)
In August 1997, AmBisome (liposomal amphotericin B, Nexstar, San Dimas, CA) was the first drug approved for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The growing recognition of emerging and reemerging infections warrants that safe and effective agents to treat such infections be readily available in the United States. The following discussion of the data submitted in support of the New Drug Application for AmBisome for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis shows the breadth of data from clinical trials that can be appropriate to support approval for drugs to treat tropical diseases. (+info)Activity of disulfiram (bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulphide) and ditiocarb (diethyldithiocarbamate) against metronidazole-sensitive and -resistant Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus. (3/1602)
Clinical resistance of Trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole is best correlated with MIC values measured under aerobic conditions. Under these conditions both disulfiram (bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulphide), and its first mammalian metabolite, ditiocarb (diethyldithiocarbamate), showed high levels of activity against metronidazole-sensitive (disulfiram MIC, 0.1-0.7 microM; ditiocarb MIC, 0.3-9 microM) and -resistant (MICs 0.2-1.3 microM and 1.2-9 microM respectively) isolates. Tritrichomonas foetus was also sensitive-the MICs for seven metronidazole-sensitive isolates were 0.1-1.0 microM for disulfiram and 1.0-6.9 microM for ditiocarb; those for two highly metronidazole-resistant strains were 0.3-1.3 microM and 0.6-6 microM respectively. Under anerobic conditions most strains became highly resistant to both compounds. Surprisingly, disulfiram was consistently more active than ditiocarb. (+info)Value of Western blotting in the clinical follow-up of canine leishmaniasis. (4/1602)
Specific serum antibody levels in Leishmania infantum-infected dogs treated with a combination of glucantime and allopurinol were estimated by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The sensitivity of Western blot was greater than that obtained with immunofluorescence titration. In general, both diagnostic methods concurred with the post-treatment clinical status of the animals. Clinical improvement of successfully treated dogs was related to lower immunofluorescence titers and simpler and/or less reactive immunodetection patterns in Western blotting. The recognition, by infected dogs, of certain low molecular weight antigens, particularly one of approximately 26 kDa, was restricted to pretreatment samples and a single animal in relapse thus apparently constituting an active infection marker. (+info)Recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI21) in combination with sulfadiazine is active against Toxoplasma gondii. (5/1602)
The activity of recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI21), alone or in combination with sulfadiazine, on the intracellular replication of Toxoplasma gondii was assessed in vitro and in mice with acute toxoplasmosis. rBPI21 markedly inhibited the intracellular growth of T. gondii in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs). Following 72 h of exposure, the 50% inhibitory concentration of rBPI21 for T. gondii was 2.6 micrograms/ml, whereas only slight cytotoxicity for HFF cells was observed at the concentrations tested. Subsequent mathematical analyses revealed that the combination of rBPI21 with sulfadiazine yielded slight to moderate synergistic effects against T. gondii in vitro. Infection of mice orally with C56 cysts or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with RH tachyzoites resulted in 100% mortality, whereas prolongation of the time to death or significant survival (P = 0.002) was noted for those animals treated with 5 to 20 mg of rBPI21 per kg of body weight per day. Treatment with rBPI21 in combination with sulfadiazine resulted in significant (P = 0.0001) survival of mice infected i.p. with tachyzoites but not of mice infected orally with T. gondii cysts. These results indicate that rBPI21 is active in vitro and in vivo against T. gondii and that its activity is significantly enhanced when it is used in combination with sulfadiazine. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the activity of rBPI21 against a protozoan parasite. (+info)Indolylquinoline derivatives are cytotoxic to Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro and are effective in treating murine visceral leishmaniasis. (6/1602)
A wide variety of biologically active compounds contain indole and quinoline nuclei. Some novel indolylquinoline derivatives were synthesized from indole by Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. Out of the four derivatives tested, 2-(2''-acetamidobenzyl)-3-(3'-indolylquinoline) (C) had no effect on the promastigotes or amastigotes of Leishmania donovani in vitro. The remaining three analogues, 2-(2''-dichloroacetamidobenzyl)-3-(3'-indolylquinoline) (A), 2-(2''-chloroacetamidobenzyl)-3-(3'-indolylquinoline) (B), and 2-(2''-aminobenzyl)-3-(3'-indolylquinoline) (D), inhibited the growth of L. donovani promastigotes in vitro and were cytotoxic to both the promastigote and amastigote forms of the parasite. These three derivatives were also effective in eliminating L. donovani amastigotes from BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. One indolylquinoline derivative [A] was used to treat established visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. This compound was significantly more effective than sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) in reducing the splenic parasite load at a much lower concentration (5% of SAG). Our results suggest that indolylquinoline derivatives may be exploited as antileishmanial agents. (+info)What controls glycolysis in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei? (7/1602)
On the basis of the experimentally determined kinetic properties of the trypanosomal enzymes, the question is addressed of which step limits the glycolytic flux in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei. There appeared to be no single answer; in the physiological range, control shifted between the glucose transporter on the one hand and aldolase (ALD), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GDH) on the other hand. The other kinases, which are often thought to control glycolysis, exerted little control; so did the utilization of ATP. We identified potential targets for anti-trypanosomal drugs by calculating which steps need the least inhibition to achieve a certain inhibition of the glycolytic flux in these parasites. The glucose transporter appeared to be the most promising target, followed by ALD, GDH, GAPDH, and PGK. By contrast, in erythrocytes more than 95% deficiencies of PGK, GAPDH, or ALD did not cause any clinical symptoms (Schuster, R. and Holzhutter, H.-G. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 229, 403-418). Therefore, the selectivity of drugs inhibiting these enzymes may be much higher than expected from their molecular effects alone. Quite unexpectedly, trypanosomes seem to possess a substantial overcapacity of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase, making these "irreversible" enzymes mediocre drug targets. (+info)Cost-effectiveness analysis of humanitarian relief interventions: visceral leishmaniasis treatment in the Sudan. (8/1602)
Spending by aid agencies on emergencies has quadrupled over the last decade, to over US$6 billion. To date, cost-effectiveness has seldom been considered in the prioritization and evaluation of emergency interventions. The sheer volume of resources spent on humanitarian aid and the chronicity of many humanitarian interventions call for more attention to be paid to the issue of 'value for money'. In this paper we present data from a major humanitarian crisis, an epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in war-torn Sudan. The special circumstances provided us, in retrospect, with unusually accurate data on excess mortality, costs of the intervention and its effects, thus allowing us to express cost-effectiveness as the cost per Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) averted. The cost-effectiveness ratio, of US$18.40 per DALY (uncertainty range between US$13.53 and US$27.63), places the treatment of VL in Sudan among health interventions considered 'very good value for money' (interventions of less than US$25 per DALY). We discuss the usefulness of this analysis to the internal management of the VL programme, the procurement of funds for the programme, and more generally, to priority setting in humanitarian relief interventions. We feel that in evaluations of emergency interventions attempts could be made more often to perform cost-effectiveness analyses, including the use of DALYs, provided that the outcomes of these analyses are seen in the broad context of the emergency situation and its consequences on the affected population. This paper provides a first contribution to what is hoped to become an international database of cost-effectiveness studies of health interventions during relief operations, which use a comparable measure of health outcome such as the DALY. (+info)
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Chiniofon
... is an antiprotozoal agent. "Chiniofon". WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Leake CD (December ...
Difetarsone
... is an antiprotozoal agent. Various studies have shown it to be particularly effective against Trichuris trichiura, ...
Teclozan
... is an antiprotozoal agent. It is a dichloroacetamide. Slighter RG, Yarinsky A, Drobeck HP, Bailey DM (August 1980). " ... "Activity of quinfamide against natural infections of Entamoeba criceti in hamsters: a new potent agent for intestinal ...
Tenonitrozole
... is an antiprotozoal agent. "Tenonitrozole - Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 22 November 2016. CS1 maint: ...
Broxyquinoline
... is an antiprotozoal agent. An association with exercise intolerance has been reported. Swain R, Bapna JS ( ...
Arsthinol
... (INN) is an antiprotozoal agent. It was synthesized for the first time in 1949 by Ernst A.H. Friedheim by ...
Tilbroquinol
... is an antiprotozoal agent effective against amoebiasis. It has also been used against Vibrio cholerae. ...
Albaconazole
It has also been studied as an antiprotozoal agent. "Albaconazole". Adis Insight. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Guedes PM, ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 48 (11): 4286-92. doi:10.1128/AAC.48.11.4286-4292.2004. PMC 525424. PMID 15504854. v t e ...
Infection
... including antiprotozoal and antihelminthic) agents. Depending on the severity and the type of infection, the antibiotic may be ... First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the ... Second, an infectious agent must grow within the human body to cause disease; essentially it must amplify its own nucleic acids ... Not all infectious agents cause disease in all hosts. For example, less than 5% of individuals infected with polio develop ...
Coccidiostat
A coccidiostat is an antiprotozoal agent that acts upon Coccidia parasites. Examples include: Amprolium Arprinocid Artemether ... MeSH list of agents 82003049 v t e. ...
Maduramicin
... (maduramycin) is an antiprotozoal agent used in veterinary medicine to prevent coccidiosis. It is a natural ...
Phanquinone
It has been investigated as both antiprotozoal agent and for its bactericidal activity . Mett H, Gyr K, Zak O, Vosbeck K (July ... Agents Chemother. 26 (1): 35-8. doi:10.1128/aac.26.1.35. PMC 179912. PMID 6236746. v t e. ...
Nifuratel
It is a local antiprotozoal and antifungal agent that may also be given orally. Nifuratel is not approved for use in the United ...
Mepacrine
The main uses of mepacrine are as an antiprotozoal, antirheumatic and an intrapleural sclerosing agent. Antiprotozoal use ... This antiprotozoal is also approved for the treatment of giardiasis (an intestinal parasite), and has been researched as an ... Agents Chemother. 55 (5): 1827-1830. doi:10.1128/aac.01296-10. PMC 3088196. PMID 21383088. Canete R, Escobedo AA, Gonzalez ME, ... As an intrapleural sclerosing agent, it is used as pneumothorax prophylaxis in patients at high risk of recurrence, e.g., ...
Tritrichomonas blagburni
However, antiprotozoal agents, such as ronidazole or metronidazole, are known to dramatically reduce symptoms in cats. Research ... "New species of parasite discovered as disease agent in domestic cats » College of Veterinary Medicine » University of Florida ...
Ronidazole
... is an antiprotozoal agent used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of histomoniasis and swine dysentery. It may ...
Glycobiarsol
... (trade name Milibis) is an antiprotozoal agent that has been used in humans as well as in dogs. Berberian, D. A. ( ...
Infection prevention and control
Various forms of isolation exist, and are applied depending on the type of infection and agent involved, and its route of ... antivirals and antiprotozoals. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set up an Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) unit in ... According to the WHO, outbreak investigations are meant to detect what is causing the outbreak, how the pathogenic agent is ... Antimicrobial medications (aka antimicrobials or anti-infective agents) include antibiotics, antibacterials, antifungals, ...
Ionophore
Clioquinol has antiprotozoal and topical antifungal properties, however its use as an antiprotozoal agent has widely restricted ... It also serves as an anti-fouling agent in paints to cover and protect surfaces against mildew and algae. Clioquinol and PBT2 ... It is also used as a food additive, shelf-life extending agent in food packaging, and wood preservative in timber treatment. ... "Chapter 76:Antifungal Agents". Medical microbiology (4th ed.). Galveston, Tex.: University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston ...
Econazole
Imidazoles devoid of the nitro group no longer have any antiprotozoal activity, however, such drugs are effective antifungal ... agents. Alkylation of imidazole (2) with bromoketone (1) prepared from o,p-dichloroacetophenone affords the displacement ... Sunderland MR, Cruickshank RH, Leighs SJ (2014). "The efficacy of antifungal azole and antiprotozoal compounds in protection of ...
Glycoside
Saponins are also natural ruminal antiprotozoal agents that are potential to improve ruminal microbial fermentation reducing ... other agents are now preferred[citation needed]) and arrhythmia. These sweet glycosides found in the stevia plant Stevia ...
Imidocarb
... is a urea derivative used in veterinary medicine as an antiprotozoal agent for the treatment of infection with ...
Antiviral drug
Originally developed and commercialized as an antiprotozoal agent, nitazoxanide was later identified as a first-in-class broad- ... These agents act on penetration and uncoating. Pleconaril works against rhinoviruses, which cause the common cold, by blocking ... This stage of viral replication can be inhibited in two ways: Using agents which mimic the virus-associated protein (VAP) and ... Potentially, one of the benefits from the use of an effective entry-blocking or entry-inhibiting agent is that it potentially ...
Nitazoxanide
Originally developed and commercialized as an antiprotozoal agent, nitazoxanide was later identified as a first-in-class broad- ... The anti-protozoal activity of nitazoxanide is believed to be due to interference with the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase ( ... Agents Chemother. 46 (7): 2116-23. doi:10.1128/aac.46.7.2116-2123.2002. PMC 127316. PMID 12069963. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a ... Rossignol JF (October 2014). "Nitazoxanide: a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral agent". Antiviral Res. 110: 94-103. doi: ...
Clostridioides difficile infection
Nitazoxanide is a synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivative indicated as an antiprotozoal agent (FDA-approved for the ... "Cleaning agents 'make bug strong'". BBC News Online. 3 April 2006. Archived from the original on 8 November 2006. Retrieved 17 ... Koo HL, Koo DC, Musher DM, DuPont HL (March 2009). "Antimotility agents for the treatment of Clostridium difficile diarrhea and ... Several different antibiotics are used for C. difficile, with the available agents being more or less equally effective. ...
Emetine
Dehydroemetine is a synthetically produced antiprotozoal agent similar to emetine in its anti-amoebic properties and structure ... Emetine is a drug used as both an anti-protozoal and to induce vomiting. It is produced from the ipecac root. It takes its name ... The identification of emetine as a more potent agent improved the treatment of amoebiasis. While use of emetine still caused ... Although it is a potent antiprotozoal, the drug also can interfere with muscle contractions, leading to cardiac failure in some ...
Dehydroemetine
... is a synthetically produced antiprotozoal agent similar to emetine in its anti-amoebic properties and structure ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 64 (4). e01444-19. doi:10.1128/AAC.01444-19. PMC 7179302. PMID 31964796. Hernandez-Perez ...
Antitrichomonal agent
An antitrichomonal agent is an antiprotozoal agent that acts on trichomonas parasites. Examples include: furazolidone nifuratel ... nimorazole ornidazole tinidazole usnic acid Antitrichomonal+Agents at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject ... Headings (MeSH) MeSH list of agents 82000994 v t e. ...
Trypanocidal agent
A trypanocidal agent is an antiprotozoal agent that acts upon trypanosome parasites. Examples include: Aminoquinuride ... Trypanosomiasis vaccine Trypanocidal+Agents at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) MeSH list of ... agents 82014344 GOBLE, F. C. (January 1950). "Chemotherapy of experimental trypanosomiasis; trypanocidal activity of certain ...
Antiprotozoal
"Antiprotozoal Agents: An Overview". Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 8 (4): 345-366. doi:10.2174/ ... Antiprotozoal agents (ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection. Protozoans ... The mechanisms of antiprotozoal drugs differ significantly drug to drug. For example, it appears that eflornithine, a drug used ... Antiprotozoals are used to treat protozoal infections, which include amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis ...
Pentamidine
Antiprotozoal agents. *Amidines. *DNA-binding substances. *NMDA receptor antagonists. *Phenol ethers. *World Health ...
Medication
antifungal, alkalinizing agents, quinolones, antibiotics, cholinergics, anticholinergics, antispasmodics, 5-alpha reductase ... antiprotozoals, probiotics, prebiotics, antitoxins and antivenoms. ... In the inter-war period, the first anti-bacterial agents such as the sulpha antibiotics were developed. The Second World War ... These were drugs that worked chiefly as anti-anxiety agents and muscle relaxants. The first benzodiazepine was Librium. Three ...
Antiemetic
Cannabinoids are used in patients with cachexia, cytotoxic nausea, and vomiting, or who are unresponsive to other agents. These ...
Quinine
Antiparasitics - antiprotozoal agents - Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01). Alveo-. late. Apicom-. plexa. Conoidasida/. ( ... Cutting agent[edit]. Quinine is sometimes detected as a cutting agent in street drugs such as cocaine and heroin.[63] ... As a flavoring agent in beverages, quinine is limited to less than 83 parts per million in the United States, and 100mg⁄l in ... Magill A, Panosian C (July 2005). "Making antimalarial agents available in the United States". The New England Journal of ...
Analgesic
Psychotropic agents[edit]. Other psychotropic analgesic agents include ketamine (an NMDA receptor antagonist), clonidine and ... Unselective agents Aceclofenac. Comes in betadex salt and free acid forms; practically insoluble in water, soluble in many ... Other agents directly potentiate the effects of analgesics, such as using hydroxyzine, promethazine, carisoprodol, or ... When choosing analgesics, the severity and response to other medication determines the choice of agent; the World Health ...
Stimulant
It may be used as a nasal/sinus decongestant, as a stimulant,[119] or as a wakefulness-promoting agent.[120] ... Tashkin, D. P. (1 March 2001). "Airway effects of marijuana, cocaine, and other inhaled illicit agents". Current Opinion in ... and anorectic agent.[112] It is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations. In veterinary ... "Phenylisopropylamine stimulants: amphetamine-related agents". In Lemke TL, Williams DA, Roche VF, Zito W (eds.). Foye's ...
Histomoniasis
The disease causing agent, Histomonas meliagridis, is transmitted in the eggs of the worm Heterakis gallinarum.[7] Once in the ... Natustat and nitarsone were shown to be effective therapeutic drugs.[14] Nifurtimox, a compound with known antiprotozoal ...
Protist
See also: Antiprotozoal agent and Apicomplexa § Parasitology_and_genomics. Some protists are significant parasites of animals ( ...
Chemotherapy
Available agents[edit]. Main article: List of antineoplastic agents. There is an extensive list of antineoplastic agents. ... Alkylating agents[edit]. Main article: Alkylating antineoplastic agent. Alkylating agents are the oldest group of ... Siddik ZH (2005). Mechanisms of Action of Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents: DNA-Interactive Alkylating Agents and Antitumour ... Anti-microtubule agents[edit]. Vinca alkaloids prevent the assembly of microtubules, whereas taxanes prevent their disassembly ...
Decongestant
List of agents[edit]. Adrenaline releasing agents[edit]. Main article: Norepinephrine releasing agent ... 3 List of agents *3.1 Adrenaline releasing agents *3.1.1 Common or widely marketed ... since these agents lose effectiveness after a few days. ...
Alkaloid
antiprotozoal agent, Emesis Ergot alkaloids Vasoconstriction, hallucinogenic, Uterotonic Morphine analgesic Nicotine stimulant ... Int J Antimicrob Agents. 44 (5): 377-386. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.06.001. PMID 25130096.. ... The newer semi-synthetic chemotherapeutic agent vinorelbine is used in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.[134][195] ...
Antifungal
"Dermatotherapeutic Agents". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (7th ed.). 2007. doi:10.1002/14356007.a08_301.pub2. ... Kyriakidis I, Tragiannidis A, Munchen S, Groll AH (February 2017). "Clinical hepatotoxicity associated with antifungal agents ... "The cost effectiveness of testing for onychomycosis versus empiric treatment of onychodystrophies with oral antifungal agents ... "Current and emerging azole antifungal agents". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 12 (1): 40-79. PMC 88906. PMID 9880474 ...
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
Lipid-lowering agents[edit]. *Simvastatin[note 72]. Dermatological medicines (topical)[edit]. Antifungal medicines[edit]. * ... Antiprotozoal medicines[edit]. Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines[edit]. *Diloxanide. *Metronidazole. Antileishmaniasis ... Diagnostic agents[edit]. *Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD). Sera and immunoglobulins[edit]. *Antivenom ... single agent trimethoprim may be an alternative for lower urinary tract infection. ...
Proton-pump inhibitor
Within the class of medications, there is no clear evidence that one agent works better than another.[1][2] ... In British Columbia, Canada the cost of the PPIs varies significantly from 0.20 CAD to 2.38 CAD per dose while all agents in ... The cost between different agents varies significantly.[1] ...
Diuretic
The term "calcium-sparing diuretic" is sometimes used to identify agents that result in a relatively low rate of excretion of ... Alternatively, an antidiuretic, such as vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), is an agent or drug which reduces the excretion of ... Diuretics increase the urine volume and dilute doping agents and their metabolites. Another use is to rapidly lose weight to ... "The abuse of diuretics as performance-enhancing drugs and masking agents in sport doping: pharmacology, toxicology and ...
Template:Chromalveolate antiparasitics
Antiparasitics - antiprotozoal agents - Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01). Alveo-. late. Apicom-. plexa. Conoidasida/. ( ...
Local anesthetic
Reducing agent (antioxidant), e.g. if epinephrine is used, then sodium metabisulfite is used as a reducing agent ... LA drugs are also often combined with other agents such as opioids for synergistic analgesic action.[1] Low doses of LA drugs ... This can be a factor in choosing an agent in patients with liver failure,[56] although since cholinesterases are produced in ... Even with proper administration, it is inevitable for some diffusion of agent into the body from the site of application due to ...
Artemether/lumefantrine
Antiparasitics - antiprotozoal agents - Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01). Alveo-. late. Apicom-. plexa. Conoidasida/. ( ...
Metronidazole
Antiparasitics - antiprotozoal agents - agents against amoebozoa/amebicide (P01). Entamoeba. Tissue amebicides. Nitroimidazole ... Metronidazole, marketed under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication.[5] It is used ... The metabolites show antibiotic and antiprotozoal activity in vitro.[43] Metronidazole and its metabolites are mainly excreted ... "Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs, Volumes 1-124". International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 8 July 2019. ...
Clostridioides difficile infection
Nitazoxanide is a synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivative indicated as an antiprotozoal agent (FDA-approved for the ... "Cleaning agents 'make bug strong'". BBC News Online. 3 April 2006. Archived from the original on 8 November 2006. Retrieved 17 ... Several different antibiotics are used for C. difficile, with the available agents being more or less equally effective.[64] ... "Antimotility agents for the treatment of Clostridium difficile diarrhea and colitis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 48 (5): ...
8-Aminoquinoline
Antiparasitics - antiprotozoal agents - Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01). Alveo-. late. Apicom-. plexa. Conoidasida/. ( ...
Immunosuppressive drug
Alkylating agents[edit]. The alkylating agents used in immunotherapy are nitrogen mustards (cyclophosphamide), nitrosoureas, ... Small biological agents[edit]. Fingolimod is a new synthetic immunosuppressant, currently in phase 3 of clinical trials. It ... Immunosuppressive drugs, also known as immunosuppressive agents, immunosuppressants and antirejection medications are drugs ... Immunosuppressive+Agents at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ...
Immunosuppressive drug
Alkylating agents[edit]. The alkylating agents used in immunotherapy are nitrogen mustards (cyclophosphamide), nitrosoureas, ... Small biological agents[edit]. Fingolimod is a new synthetic immunosuppressant, currently in phase 3 of clinical trials. It ... Immunosuppressive drugs or immunosuppressive agents or antirejection medications are drugs that inhibit or prevent activity of ... Immunosuppressive+Agents at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ...
Dissociative
Agents Chemother. 12 (5): 642-6. doi:10.1128/AAC.12.5.642. PMC 429991 . PMID 303498.. ... Also indirect D2 agonists, such as dopamine reuptake inhibitors (cocaine, methylphenidate), releasing agents (amphetamine, ... Virtue, RW; Alanis, JM; Mori, M; Lafargue, RT; Vogel, JH; Metcalf, DR (1967). "An anaesthetic agent: 2-orthochlorophenyl, 2- ... a PCP-receptor-acylating agent". Synapse. 1 (5): 497-504. doi:10.1002/syn.890010514. PMID 2850626.. ...
Bronchodilator
"Pharmacologic Agents That Promote Airway Clearance in Hospitalized Subjects: A Systematic Review" (PDF). Respiratory Care. 60 ...
Depressant
Antiprotozoals. *Anthelmintics. *Ectoparasiticides. *IVIG. *Vaccines. Malignant disease. (L01-L02). *Anticancer agents * ...
Statin
LDL-lowering potency varies between agents. Cerivastatin is the most potent, (withdrawn from the market in August, 2001 due to ... Thurnher M, Nussbaumer O, Gruenbacher G (July 2012). "Novel aspects of mevalonate pathway inhibitors as antitumor agents". ... The first agent they identified was mevastatin (ML-236B), a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum. ... Several combination preparations of a statin and another agent, such as ezetimibe/simvastatin, are also available. In 2005, ...
Antibiotic
"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 45 (3): 649-59. doi:10.1128/aac.45.3.649-659.2001. PMC 90351 . PMID 11181338.. ... A limited number of antibiotics also possess antiprotozoal activity.[3][4] Antibiotics are not effective against viruses such ... "Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 51 (12): 4255-60. doi:10.1128/AAC.00824-07. PMC 2167999 . PMID 17923487.. ... "Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 58 (8): 4573-82. doi:10.1128/AAC.02463-14. PMC 4135978 . PMID 24867991.. ...
Primaquine
Antiparasitics - antiprotozoal agents - Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01). Alveo-. late. Apicom-. plexa. Conoidasida/. ( ... 1950). "Primaquine, SN 13272, a new curative agent in vivax malaria; a preliminary report". Journal National Malaria Society. 9 ...
Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Medication: Antiprotozoal agents
Antiprotozoal Agents, Amebicides - ICD Codes
Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Discovery and Evaluation of Thiazinoquinones as Anti-Protozoal Agents | HTML
Discovery and Evaluation of Thiazinoquinones as Anti-Protozoal Agents. Cary F. C. Lam 1, A. Norrie Pearce 1, Shen H. Tan 1,†, ... Table 1. Anti-protozoal, cytotoxic activities and clogP values of 2-4, 7a-h, j, 8a-k.. Entry. Compound. IC50 (μM) a. SI Pf g. ... Table 2. Anti-protozoal and cytotoxic activities of 10a/10b, 11a/11b, 12, 15-17.. Entry. Compound. IC50 (μM) a. SI Pf g. clogP ... Table 1. Anti-protozoal, cytotoxic activities and clogP values of 2-4, 7a-h, j, 8a-k. ...
Investigation of Calcium Channel Blockers as Antiprotozoal Agents and Their Interference in the Metabolism of Leishmania (L.)...
Symptoms of Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage - RightDiagnosis.com
... and correct diagnosis for Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage signs or Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage symptoms. ... Symptoms of Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage including 16 medical symptoms and signs of Antiprotozoal agent-induced ... Do I have Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage? *Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage: Introduction *Antiprotozoal ... Treatments for Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage *More about Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage Antiprotozoal ...
Antiprotozoal Agents Flashcards by Cody Prentice | Brainscape
Arsenic compounds | Agents against amoebiasis and other protozoal diseases | Antiprotozoals
Antiprotozoals Brokerage service for pharmaceutical and parapharmaceutical products active ingredients and precursors.. ... Agents acting on the renin-angiot.. Ace inhibitors, plain Ace inhibitors, plain ... Beta blocking agents Beta blocking agents Beta blocking agents, non-selecti.. Beta blocking agents, selective ... Agents against amoebiasis and other protozoal diseases , ... Lipid modifying agents Lipid modifying agents, plain Hmg coa ...
Synthesis of 1-(Aryl-1H-pyrrolyl)(phenyl)methyl-1H-imidazole Derivatives as Antiprotozoal Agents
... Our company offers the ... Synthesis of 1-(Aryl-1H-pyrrolyl)(phenyl)methyl-1H-imidazole Derivatives as Antiprotozoal Agents. Our company offers the ... Synthesis of 1-(Aryl-1H-pyrrolyl)(phenyl)methyl-1H-imidazole Derivatives as Antiprotozoal Agents. /technology-offers/6000/ ... Synthesis of 1-(Aryl-1H-pyrrolyl)(phenyl)methyl-1H-imidazole Derivatives as Antiprotozoal Agents. ...
ASMscience | Antiprotozoal Agents
A newer agent, nitazoxanide, which has both anthelmintic and antiprotozoal activity, is discussed. The chapter also reviews ... There are a number of effective antiprotozoal and anthelmintic drugs currently available. These antiparasitic agents are ... The two agents used for treatment of American trypano-somiasis are nifurtimox and benznidazole. Nifurtimox has significant side ... Benznidazole crosses the placenta, but there are minimal data regarding teratogenic effects of either agent in either animals ...
Artesunate (Antiprotozoal Agent) - Solara
Solara Active Pharma Sciences is a young, dynamic, entrepreneurial, and customer-oriented API manufacturer. We have a legacy of over three decades and trace our origins to the API expertise of Strides Shasun Ltd. and the technical know-how of human API business from Sequent Scientific Ltd. We are poised to bridge the industry gap by delivering value-based products while maintaining focus on customer needs. We have 140+ scientists working at our two R&D Centers and 4 API manufacturing facilities armed with global approvals and 2 dedicated R&D facilities.. ...
Antiprotozoal Agents | GreenMedInfo | Pharmacological Action
Antiprotozoal Agents. Additional Keywords : Andrographolide, Antiparasitic Agents, Antiprotozoal Agents, Parasitic Diseases, ... Pharmacological Actions : Antigiardial agents, Antioxidants, Antiprotozoal Agents. Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts, ... Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antioxidants, Antiprotozoal Agents, Chemotherapeutic. Additional Keywords : ... Pharmacological Actions : Antiparasitic Agents, Antiprotozoal Agents. Additional Keywords : Natural Substances Versus Drugs, ...
ANTI-PROTOZOAL AGENTS: Brief summary - Microbiology Class
Antiprotozoal agents are antimicrobial agents or drugs used to treat infections caused by parasites in humans. Parasites are ... ANTI-PROTOZOAL AGENTS: Brief summary. January 11, 2021 Microbiology Parasitology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology 1 ... Some antibacterial agents such as tetracycline, sulpha drugs and doxycycline are also co-administered with some antiprotozoal ... Humans depend largely on their immune system to fight certain parasitic infections aside the use of some antiprotozoal agents ...
Albendazole
-
Anthelmintics, Anticestodal Agents, Antiprotozoal Agents, ATC:P02CA03
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Antiprotozoal Activity against Entamoeba histolytica of Plants Used in Northeast Mexican...
... attention has been paid to plants used in traditional medicine around the world in order to find new antiprotozoal agents. We ... showed the more significant antiprotozoal activity (91.54% and 90.50% growth inhibition at a concentration of 150 µg/mL with ... used in Northeast Mexican traditional medicine and the methanolic extracts of these species were screened for antiprotozoal ... antiprotozoal agents; 1D- and 2D-NMR data neglected diseases; amoebiasis; Mexican medicinal plants; bioguided isolation; ...
Aurofac
-
Anti-bacterial Agents, Antiprotozoals, ATC:J01AA04
For the treatment of infections and to treat acne. It may also be used to treat urinary tract infections, gum disease, and other bacterial infections such as gonorrhea and chlamydia. Lymecycline is also used commonly as a prophylactic treatment for infection by Bacillus anthracis (anthrax). It is also effective against Yersinia pestis and malaria and is also prescribed for the treatment of Lyme disease ...
Vitamin C | GreenMedInfo | Substance | Natural Medicine | Alternative
Drug-induced ocular side effects (Book, 2001) [WorldCat.org]
Antifungal agents. Antileprosy agents. Antimalarial agents. Antiprotozoal agents. Antitubercular agents --. 2. Agents affecting ... Antifungal agents. Antileprosy agents. Antimalarial agents. Antiprotozoal agents. Antitubercular agents -- 2. Agents affecting ... Oxytocic agents --. 9. Homeostatic and nutrient agents: Agents used to treat hyperglycemia. Vitamins --. 10. Agents used to ... Oxytocic agents -- 9. Homeostatic and nutrient agents: Agents used to treat hyperglycemia. Vitamins -- 10. Agents used to treat ...
Chloroquine - LiverTox - NCBI Bookshelf
It is also effective in extraintestinal amebiasis and as an antiinflammatory agent for therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and ... Antiprotozoal agents. In, Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. ... Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005; 26: 176-8. [PubMed: 16009537]. (50 year old woman developed jaundice four days after starting ... There does not seem to be cross reactivity to hepatic injury among the various antimalarial agents and switching to other drug ...
Antiprotozoal - Wikipedia
"Antiprotozoal Agents: An Overview". Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 8 (4): 345-366. doi:10.2174/ ... Antiprotozoal agents (ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection. Protozoans ... The mechanisms of antiprotozoal drugs differ significantly drug to drug. For example, it appears that eflornithine, a drug used ... Antiprotozoals are used to treat protozoal infections, which include amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis ...
Comparing No Mechanical Bowel Preparation With Oral Antibiotics Alone in Patients Undergoing Elective Colon Surgery - Full Text...
Artemisinin-Based Antimalarial Combinations and Clinical Response in Cameroon - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Dapsone Drug Concentrations - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Chemopreventive Therapy for Malaria in Ugandan Children - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Antiprotozoal Agents. Antiparasitic Agents. Anti-Infective Agents. Folic Acid Antagonists. Enzyme Inhibitors. Molecular ... Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary. Renal Agents. Anti-Dyskinesia Agents. Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors. Cytochrome P-450 ... Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Sep;57(9):4245-4251. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00161-13. Epub 2013 Jun 24. ... Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59(6):3018-30. doi: 10.1128/AAC.05141-14. Epub 2015 Mar 9. ...
Tafenoquine - LiverTox - NCBI Bookshelf
Studies on canine leishmaniasis control. 1. Evolution of infection of different clinical forms of canine leishmaniasis...
Fucoidan cures infection with both antimony-susceptible and -resistant strains of Leishmania donovani through Th1 response and...
Metronidazole Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com
Class: Antiprotozoals, Miscellaneous. - Antiprotozoal Agents. VA Class: AM900. CAS Number: 443-48-1. Brands: Flagyl ... Susceptibility of Mobiluncus species to 23 antimicrobial agents and 15 other compounds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987; 31: ... Susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes clinical isolates to 22 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983; 23: ... Antibacterial and antiprotozoal;.152 197 430 494 495 nitroimidazole derivative.494. Uses for Metronidazole Hydrochloride. Bone ...
Secnidazole - Drugs.com
Drug Interactions in Infectious Diseases, Book by Stephen C. Piscitelli (Hardcover) | chapters.indigo.ca
Non-HIV Antiviral Agents.- Antifungal Agents.- Antimalarial Agents.- Antiprotozoal and Antithelmintic Agents.- Drug ... Antiprotozoal and Antithelmintic Agents10. Glycopeptides and Lipopeptides11. Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides and Miscellaneous ... a valuable text for all practitioners involved in using anti-infective agents...provide[s] insight into the very important ...
Medicinal Chemistry 1 | Università degli Studi di Milano Statale
AntibioticsDiseasesTherapeuticAntimicrobialProtozoaDerivativesOrganismsAntimalarial AgentsNitazoxanideProtozoanAntifungal AgentsMedicinal ChemistrySyntheticAntiviral AgentsInfectionCompoundsEntamoebaParasitesProtozoal infectionsLeishmaniasisOralAmoebiasisAntiparasiticAnaerobicInfectionsAtovaquoneAntipsychoticAntifungalsChloroquineBioactiveMetronidazoleTrophozoitesDrugsNitroimidazolesExtractMetabolismMechanisms of actExtractsPersistDiarrheaDrugAnticancer AgentsHumansCytotoxicActivityBiliary
Antibiotics1
- Antimicrobial (including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungal and antiprotozoal) agents are critical to fight diseases in humans, animals and plants, but misuse and overuse is making an increasing number of them ineffective. (hindustantimes.com)
Diseases4
- Some antibacterial agents such as tetracycline, sulpha drugs and doxycycline are also co-administered with some antiprotozoal agents to treat parasitic diseases in humans. (microbiologyclass.com)
- Vector control for human parasitic infections is also critical to the prevention of a wide variety of parasitic diseases since most of their causative agents are transmitted to humans via insects and other animal carriers through a bite especially when taking blood meal. (microbiologyclass.com)
- Chloroquine has been replaced by hydroxychloroquine as an antiinflammatory agent in rheumatic diseases, and these are unapproved, off-label uses. (nih.gov)
- No chemoprophylactic agents are available for any of these diseases. (medscape.com)
Therapeutic2
- Part 4 'Therapeutic use of antimicrobial agents' provides advice about the treatment of common infections which are described by anatomical. (indigo.ca)
- However, this clinical mixing, and its in vitro surrogate, has generally been conducted with agents already known to be effective in the therapeutic area of interest, or where there is a clear rationale for the combination. (pnas.org)
Antimicrobial7
- Antimicrobial agents directed towards the protozoan leave untoward effects in the hosts taking the drug. (microbiologyclass.com)
- Antiprotozoal agents are antimicrobial agents or drugs used to treat infections caused by parasites in humans. (microbiologyclass.com)
- Antimicrobial agents are essential for the treatment of life-threatening infections and for managing the burden of minor infections in the community. (indigo.ca)
- Part 1 'General property of antimicrobial agents' discusses mechanisms of action and resistance to antibacterial, antifungal antiprotozoal, antiviral, and antiviral agents. (indigo.ca)
- Part 2 'Resistance to antimicrobial agents' provides guidance about the problem of resistance, mechanisms of acquired resistance and genetics of resistance. (indigo.ca)
- Part 3 'General principles of usage of antimicrobial agents' analyses the use of the laboratory, general principles of the treatment of infection, dosing in special groups (extremes of age, pregnancy, obesity), safe prescribing, prophylaxis and the role of policies in antimicrobial stewardship. (indigo.ca)
- Its fruit is rich in an antimicrobial agent-2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Protozoa3
- These factors inclusive of protozoa resistance to some drug influence and reduce the pace of developing newer antiprotozoal agents. (microbiologyclass.com)
- Because of the side-effects and the resistance that pathogenic protozoa build against the standard antiparasitic drugs, e.g., metronidazole, much recent attention has been paid to plants used in traditional medicine around the world in order to find new antiprotozoal agents. (mdpi.com)
- Antiprotozoals are drugs that prevent growth of or kill protozoa. (neli.org.uk)
Derivatives3
- Our company offers the chemical optimization service - synthesis of a unique 1-(aryl-1H-pyrrolyl)(phenyl)methyl-1H-imidazole derivatives for your biological projects, related to developing of antiprotozoal drugs. (innoget.com)
- Dicationic near-linear biphenyl benzimidazole derivatives as DNA-targeted antiprotozoal agents. (alfa.com)
- The acute antiprotozoal effect of hederagenin derivatives was more pronounced than that of cholesterol and cholic acid derivatives. (frontiersin.org)
Organisms2
- Once upon a time protists were considered protozoans, but of late the categorization of unicellar organisms has undergone rapid development, however in literature, including scientific, there tends to persist the usage of the term antiprotozoal when they really mean anti-protist. (wikipedia.org)
- Agents destructive to the protozoal organisms belonging to the suborder TRYPANOSOMATINA. (labome.org)
Antimalarial Agents3
- Antimalarial agents. (worldcat.org)
- There does not seem to be cross reactivity to hepatic injury among the various antimalarial agents and switching to other drug can be done. (nih.gov)
- There is little information on the susceptibility to hepatic injury among the various antimalarial agents, but caution should be used in switching to other aminoquinolines after clinically apparent liver injury to another member of this class. (nih.gov)
Nitazoxanide2
- Nitazoxanide is in a class of medications called antiprotozoal agents. (medlineplus.gov)
- Mechanism of action Nitazoxanide, a synthetic antiprotozoal agent. (salespider.com)
Protozoan2
- These agents are used to treat infections caused by the protozoan T cruzi . (medscape.com)
- Antiprotozoal agents (ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection. (wikipedia.org)
Antifungal Agents1
- Antifungal agents. (worldcat.org)
Medicinal Chemistry2
- A recent paper from the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry* showed that authors designed and synthesized a series of imidazole-based compounds structurally related to an antiprotozoal agent with nanomolar activity which they identified recently. (innoget.com)
- Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
Synthetic3
- Nithiazide, a synthetic antiprotozoal agent, was first produced in 1961. (inchem.org)
- Metronidazole is an oral synthetic antiprotozoal and antibacterial agent, 1-(β-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole. (nih.gov)
- A synthetic salicylamide derivative and antiprotozoal that is active against Cryptosporidium parvum or Giardia lamblia infection, and which appears to also have activity against hepatitis B and hepatitis C. (thefreedictionary.com)
Antiviral Agents1
- Non-HIV Antiviral Agents. (indigo.ca)
Infection4
- The chapter also reviews other major antiprotozoal drugs, including those used for malaria, gastrointestinal protozoal infection, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis. (asmscience.org)
- Tenofovir is a class of antiretroviral agent, prescribed for HIV infection in combination with other medicines, and chronic hepatitis B in adults. (medindia.net)
- However, infection with this agent is uncommon. (rehydrate.org)
- these latter features suggest infection with a bacterial agent that invades the intestinal mucosa (such as C. jejuni or Shigella ), but alone are not sufficient to diagnose dysentery. (rehydrate.org)
Compounds4
- Imidazole-based compounds show good antiprotozoal activity. (innoget.com)
- Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extracts from these two plants afforded carvacrol ( 1 ) and chalepensin ( 2 ), respectively, as bioactive compounds with antiprotozoal activity. (mdpi.com)
- Andrographis contains compounds which have antiprotozoal activity. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Alkylating agents, antimetabolities, hormones and other antineoplastic compounds. (edu.sa)
Entamoeba3
- Antiprotozoal Activity against Entamoeba histolytica of Plants Used in Northeast Mexican Traditional Medicine. (mdpi.com)
- Protozoans have little in common with each other (for example, Entamoeba histolytica, a unikont eukaryotic organism, is more closely related to Homo sapiens, which belongs to the unikont phylogenetic group, than it is to Naegleria fowleri, a bikont eukaryotic organism) and so agents effective against one pathogen may not be effective against another. (wikipedia.org)
- To verify whether Thymus vulgaris also has antiprotozoal activity against Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. (scirp.org)
Parasites1
- Mosquitoes are a vector agent that carries mosquito-borne disease, transmitting viruses and parasites from person to person without catching the disease themselves. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Protozoal infections1
- Antiprotozoals are used to study the various complications of protozoal infections. (scbt.com)
Leishmaniasis1
- For example, it appears that eflornithine, a drug used to treat trypanosomiasis, inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, while the aminoglycoside antibiotic/antiprotozoals used to treat leishmaniasis are thought to inhibit protein synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Oral2
- Outpatient medications: Oral antiprotozoal therapy is usually administered at home. (medscape.com)
- Entecavir is an oral antiviral agent, prescribed for hepatitis B. (medindia.net)
Amoebiasis1
- This medication is an anti-protozoal agent, prescribed for intestinal amoebiasis. (medindia.net)
Antiparasitic1
- These antiparasitic agents are important both for therapy of individual patients and for control of parasitic infections at the community level. (asmscience.org)
Anaerobic1
- Metronidazole is an antiprotozoal and anaerobic antibacterial agent. (dermnetnz.org)
Infections5
- The similarity in their cellular structures has limited the number of available antiprotozoal agents used for treating some parasitic infections in humans. (microbiologyclass.com)
- Of great importance is the fact that most of these agents used for treating parasitic infections are toxic in humans, and this has limited their use for treatment. (microbiologyclass.com)
- Humans depend largely on their immune system to fight certain parasitic infections aside the use of some antiprotozoal agents to manage the situation. (microbiologyclass.com)
- The most common agents associated with gastrointestinal infections are the bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella spp. (scirp.org)
- Metronidazole is a broad spectrum antibiotic and antiprotozoal agent with anti-inflammatory properties that is prescribed for the treatment of a large number of bacterial infections in cats and dogs. (lambertvetsupply.com)
Atovaquone1
- Atovaquone, an antiprotozoal and antipneumocystic agent, is predominantly cleared by biliary excretion of unchanged parent drug. (aspetjournals.org)
Antipsychotic1
- Antipsychotic agents. (worldcat.org)
Antifungals1
- What are Antifungals & Antiprotozoals? (neli.org.uk)
Chloroquine1
- However, if pfmdr-1 en- codes a transport protein that promotes the uptake of chloroquine into the digestive vac- uole, it differenh be ai-gued that decreased expres- sion of pfmdr~l would give rise to resistance. (oilforexprofits.com)
Bioactive1
- 2 Using Connectivity Map, 3 which combines the resistance gene expression signature with a database of expression profiles of bioactive small molecules, we identified several molecules as agents potentially able to reverse resistance to PUVA with or without interferon-α therapy. (haematologica.org)
Metronidazole4
- Carcinogenicity has been seen in mice and rats treated chronically with metronidazole, another nitroimidazole agent ( 13.1 ). (nih.gov)
- Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal agent with for dogs and cats. (lambertvetsupply.com)
- Known or previously unrecognized candidiasis may present more prominent symptoms during therapy with Metronidazole and requires treatment with a candicidal agent. (lambertvetsupply.com)
- Metronidazole (C 6 H 9 N 3 O 3 ) is an antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent that has gained widespread use as a drug . (everything2.com)
Trophozoites2
- We collected 32 plants used in Northeast Mexican traditional medicine and the methanolic extracts of these species were screened for antiprotozoal activity against E. histolytica trophozoites using in vitro tests. (mdpi.com)
- The methanol extract fraction containing ursolic acid obtained from Thymus vulgaris has antiprotozoal activity against G. lamblia and T. vaginalis trophozoites. (scirp.org)
Drugs3
- Therefore, there is an speedy need to develop new antiprotozoal drugs. (innoget.com)
- There are a number of effective antiprotozoal and anthelmintic drugs currently available. (asmscience.org)
- The mechanisms of antiprotozoal drugs differ significantly drug to drug. (wikipedia.org)
Nitroimidazoles1
- For the group of 110 patients, regimens combining (the already failed) nitroimidazoles with other agents led to a cure rate of 86.1% ( Table 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Extract1
- The antiprotozoal activity of the methanol extract and its fractions were evaluated comparing growth in cultures with and without extracts. (scirp.org)
Metabolism1
- Juliana Quero Reimão, Juliana Tonini Mesquita, Daiane Dias Ferreira, and Andre Gustavo Tempone, "Investigation of Calcium Channel Blockers as Antiprotozoal Agents and Their Interference in the Metabolism of Leishmania (L.) infantum ," Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine , vol. 2016, Article ID 1523691, 9 pages, 2016. (hindawi.com)
Mechanisms of act2
Extracts2
- Plants or their extracts with high concentrations of saponins appear to have the potential to act as natural antiprotozoal agents ( Patra and Saxena, 2009a ). (frontiersin.org)
- George Shibumon, Benny PJ, Kuriakose Sunny, George Cincy, Gopalakrishnan Sarala (2011) "Antiprotozoal activity of 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid isolated from the fruit extracts of Flacourtia inermis Roxb" Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries.3(3):237- 241. (wikipedia.org)
Persist1
- We postulated that the substitution of the sugar moiety of the saponin with small polar residues would produce sapogen-like analogs which might be resistant to degradation in the rumen as they would not be enzymatically cleaved, allowing the antiprotozoal effect to persist over time. (frontiersin.org)
Diarrhea1
- Antiprotozoal action resulting in decreased diarrhea. (thefreedictionary.com)
Drug1
- This drug is classified as an antiprotozoal or anthelminitic. (encyclopedia.com)
Anticancer Agents1
- Endovascular chemoembolization is the method of simultaneously administer- ing into the blood vessel of the tumor tissue the vascular occlusion materials and anti- tumor agents that block the supply of nutrients to diffeerent tumor tissue as well type contribute cytotoxic action stick the anticancer agents. (oilforexprofits.com)
Humans1
- Benznidazole crosses the placenta, but there are minimal data regarding teratogenic effects of either agent in either animals or humans. (asmscience.org)
Cytotoxic2
- The present invention relates to the use of certain osmium containing complexes such as cytotoxic agents particularly for the treatment of cancer. (patents.com)
- Cytotoxic agents. (helsinki.fi)
Activity2
- showed the more significant antiprotozoal activity (91.54% and 90.50% growth inhibition at a concentration of 150 µg/mL with IC 50 values of 59.14 and 60.07 µg/mL, respectively). (mdpi.com)
- Antiprotozoal activity of Turkish Origanum onites essential oil and its components. (greenmedinfo.com)
Biliary1
- Ursodeoxycholic Acid is a biliary agent, prescribed for gallstones. (medindia.net)