OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation Science
Antiprotozoal AgentsTrypanosoma brucei rhodesiensePentamidineParasitic Sensitivity TestsLeishmania donovaniProtozoan InfectionsTrypanocidal AgentsMikaniaTrypanosoma cruziTrypanosomaLeishmania infantumInhibitory Concentration 50Chagas DiseaseTrypanosomiasis, AfricanChagas CardiomyopathyTrypanosomiasisAmebicidesInternational Classification of DiseasesDrugs, GenericAnnonaceaeTrypanosoma brucei bruceiBiological ProductsPlasmodium falciparumEntamoeba histolyticaRutaLippiaEntamoebaEntamoebiasisEchinococcus granulosusEchinococcosisTaenia soliumAnticestodal AgentsEchinococcusAlbendazoleAscorbic AcidAscorbic Acid DeficiencyVitamin AVitamin EVitaminsOxidative StressVitamin DEye DiseasesBooksBacteriologyOphthalmologyNobel PrizeHistory, 19th CenturyBook SelectionNaegleria fowleriEncyclopedias as TopicNaegleriaAmebiasis
Antiprotozoal Agents
Substances that are destructive to protozoans.
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
A hemoflagellate subspecies of parasitic protozoa that causes Rhodesian sleeping sickness in humans. It is carried by Glossina pallidipes, G. morsitans and occasionally other species of game-attacking tsetse flies.
Pentamidine
Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.
Parasitic Sensitivity Tests
Tests that demonstrate the relative effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents against specific parasites.
Leishmania donovani
A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes visceral leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). The sandfly genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are the vectors.
Protozoan Infections
Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa.
Trypanocidal Agents
Agents destructive to the protozoal organisms belonging to the suborder TRYPANOSOMATINA.
Mikania
A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain scandenolide (a sesquiterpene lactone) and germacranolides.
Trypanosoma cruzi
The agent of South American trypanosomiasis or CHAGAS DISEASE. Its vertebrate hosts are man and various domestic and wild animals. Insects of several species are vectors.
Trypanosoma
A genus of flagellate protozoans found in the blood and lymph of vertebrates and invertebrates, both hosts being required to complete the life cycle.
Leishmania infantum
A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes visceral leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). Human infections are confined almost entirely to children. This parasite is commonly seen in dogs, other Canidae, and porcupines with humans considered only an accidental host. Transmission is by Phlebotomus sandflies.
Inhibitory Concentration 50
The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.
Chagas Disease
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.
Trypanosomiasis, African
A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces "African sleeping sickness." Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.
Chagas Cardiomyopathy
A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. After infection, less than 10% develop acute illness such as MYOCARDITIS (mostly in children). The disease then enters a latent phase without clinical symptoms until about 20 years later. Myocardial symptoms of advanced CHAGAS DISEASE include conduction defects (HEART BLOCK) and CARDIOMEGALY.
Trypanosomiasis
Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.
Amebicides
Agents which are destructive to amebae, especially the parasitic species causing AMEBIASIS in man and animal.
International Classification of Diseases
A system of categories to which morbid entries are assigned according to established criteria. Included is the entire range of conditions in a manageable number of categories, grouped to facilitate mortality reporting. It is produced by the World Health Organization (From ICD-10, p1). The Clinical Modifications, produced by the UNITED STATES DEPT. OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, are larger extensions used for morbidity and general epidemiological purposes, primarily in the U.S.
Drugs, Generic
Drugs whose drug name is not protected by a trademark. They may be manufactured by several companies.
Annonaceae
The custard-apple plant family of the order Magnoliales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. Some members provide large pulpy fruits and commercial timber. Leaves and wood are often fragrant. Leaves are simple, with smooth margins, and alternately arranged in two rows along the stems.
Trypanosoma brucei brucei
A hemoflagellate subspecies of parasitic protozoa that causes nagana in domestic and game animals in Africa. It apparently does not infect humans. It is transmitted by bites of tsetse flies (Glossina).
Biological Products
Complex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or matter derived from organisms usually obtained by biological methods or assay.
Plasmodium falciparum
A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.
Entamoeba histolytica
A species of parasitic protozoa causing ENTAMOEBIASIS and amebic dysentery (DYSENTERY, AMEBIC). Characteristics include a single nucleus containing a small central karyosome and peripheral chromatin that is finely and regularly beaded.
Ruta
A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. Members contain quinoline alkaloids.
Lippia
A plant genus of the family VERBENACEAE. Lippsidoquinone; TRITERPENES; SESQUITERPENES; and THYMOL have been found in this genus. Plant extracts have cytotoxic activity. It is sometimes called Mexican oregano but that confuses it with real oregano (ORIGANUM).
Entamoeba
A genus of ameboid protozoa characterized by the presence of beaded chromatin on the inner surface of the nuclear membrane. Its organisms are parasitic in invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans.
Entamoebiasis
Infection with amoebae of the genus ENTAMOEBA. Infection with E. histolytica causes DYSENTERY, AMEBIC and LIVER ABSCESS, AMEBIC.
Echinococcus granulosus
A species of hydatid tapeworm (class CESTODA) in the family Taeniidae, whose adult form infects the DIGESTIVE TRACT of DOGS, other canines, and CATS. The larval form infects SHEEP; PIGS; HORSES; and may infect humans, where it migrates to various organs and forms permanent HYDATID CYSTS.
Echinococcosis
An infection caused by the infestation of the larval form of tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. The liver, lungs, and kidney are the most common areas of infestation.
Taenia solium
Species of tapeworm in the genus TAENIA, that infects swine. It is acquired by humans through the ingestion of cured or undercooked pork.
Anticestodal Agents
Agents used to treat tapeworm infestations in man or animals.
Echinococcus
A genus of very small TAPEWORMS, in the family Taeniidae. The adult form is found in various CARNIVORA but not humans. The larval form is seen in humans under certain epidemiologic circumstances.
Albendazole
A benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)
Ascorbic Acid
A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency
A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)
Vitamin A
Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.
Vitamin E
A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.
Vitamins
Organic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be manufactured by the human body.
Oxidative Stress
A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).
Vitamin D
A vitamin that includes both CHOLECALCIFEROLS and ERGOCALCIFEROLS, which have the common effect of preventing or curing RICKETS in animals. It can also be viewed as a hormone since it can be formed in SKIN by action of ULTRAVIOLET RAYS upon the precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol and ERGOSTEROL, and acts on VITAMIN D RECEPTORS to regulate CALCIUM in opposition to PARATHYROID HORMONE.
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.
Books
Bacteriology
The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of bacteria, and BACTERIAL INFECTIONS.
Ophthalmology
A surgical specialty concerned with the structure and function of the eye and the medical and surgical treatment of its defects and diseases.
Nobel Prize
History, 19th Century
Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.
Book Selection
Naegleria fowleri
A species of parasitic protozoa having both an ameboid and flagellate stage in its life cycle. Infection with this pathogen produces PRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS.
Encyclopedias as Topic
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Naegleria
A free-living soil amoeba pathogenic to humans and animals. It occurs also in water and sewage. The most commonly found species in man is NAEGLERIA FOWLERI which is the pathogen for primary amebic meningoencephalitis in primates.
Amebiasis
Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur.

Persistent damage to Enterocytozoon bieneusi, with persistent symptomatic relief, after combined furazolidone and albendazole in AIDS patients. (1/1602)

AIM: To investigate morphological changes in Enterocytozoon bieneusi and the duration of symptomatic relief after combination treatment with furazolidone and albendazole in AIDS patients. METHODS: Four severely immunocompromised AIDS patients with symptomatic E bieneusi infection of the gut received an 18 day course of combined furazolidone and albendazole (500 + 800 mg daily). All patients were monitored for parasite shedding in stool by light microscopy at the end of treatment and monthly during follow up. At the end of treatment, duodenal biopsy specimens obtained from three patients were studied by transmission electron microscopy by two pathologists blind to the patients' treatment or clinical outcome. Duodenal biopsy specimens obtained from one of the patients two months after completion of treatment were also studied electronmicroscopically. RESULTS: All patients had long lasting symptomatic relief, with a major decrease--or transient absence--of spore shedding in stools from completion of treatment. After treatment, changes in faecal spores were persistently found by light microscopy in all cases, and there was evidence of both a substantial decrease in the parasite load and ultrastructural damage in the parasite in all biopsy specimens. The treatment was well tolerated, and no patient had clinical or parasitological relapse during follow up (up to 15 months). CONCLUSIONS: The long lasting symptomatic relief observed in all four treated patients correlated with the persistent decrease in parasite load both in tissue and in stool, and with the morphological changes observed in the life cycle of the protozoan. These data suggest that combined treatment with furazolidone and albendazole is active against E bieneusi and may result in lasting remission even in severely immunocompromised patients.  (+info)

U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of AmBisome (liposomal amphotericin B) for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. (2/1602)

In August 1997, AmBisome (liposomal amphotericin B, Nexstar, San Dimas, CA) was the first drug approved for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The growing recognition of emerging and reemerging infections warrants that safe and effective agents to treat such infections be readily available in the United States. The following discussion of the data submitted in support of the New Drug Application for AmBisome for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis shows the breadth of data from clinical trials that can be appropriate to support approval for drugs to treat tropical diseases.  (+info)

Activity of disulfiram (bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulphide) and ditiocarb (diethyldithiocarbamate) against metronidazole-sensitive and -resistant Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus. (3/1602)

Clinical resistance of Trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole is best correlated with MIC values measured under aerobic conditions. Under these conditions both disulfiram (bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulphide), and its first mammalian metabolite, ditiocarb (diethyldithiocarbamate), showed high levels of activity against metronidazole-sensitive (disulfiram MIC, 0.1-0.7 microM; ditiocarb MIC, 0.3-9 microM) and -resistant (MICs 0.2-1.3 microM and 1.2-9 microM respectively) isolates. Tritrichomonas foetus was also sensitive-the MICs for seven metronidazole-sensitive isolates were 0.1-1.0 microM for disulfiram and 1.0-6.9 microM for ditiocarb; those for two highly metronidazole-resistant strains were 0.3-1.3 microM and 0.6-6 microM respectively. Under anerobic conditions most strains became highly resistant to both compounds. Surprisingly, disulfiram was consistently more active than ditiocarb.  (+info)

Value of Western blotting in the clinical follow-up of canine leishmaniasis. (4/1602)

Specific serum antibody levels in Leishmania infantum-infected dogs treated with a combination of glucantime and allopurinol were estimated by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The sensitivity of Western blot was greater than that obtained with immunofluorescence titration. In general, both diagnostic methods concurred with the post-treatment clinical status of the animals. Clinical improvement of successfully treated dogs was related to lower immunofluorescence titers and simpler and/or less reactive immunodetection patterns in Western blotting. The recognition, by infected dogs, of certain low molecular weight antigens, particularly one of approximately 26 kDa, was restricted to pretreatment samples and a single animal in relapse thus apparently constituting an active infection marker.  (+info)

Recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI21) in combination with sulfadiazine is active against Toxoplasma gondii. (5/1602)

The activity of recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI21), alone or in combination with sulfadiazine, on the intracellular replication of Toxoplasma gondii was assessed in vitro and in mice with acute toxoplasmosis. rBPI21 markedly inhibited the intracellular growth of T. gondii in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs). Following 72 h of exposure, the 50% inhibitory concentration of rBPI21 for T. gondii was 2.6 micrograms/ml, whereas only slight cytotoxicity for HFF cells was observed at the concentrations tested. Subsequent mathematical analyses revealed that the combination of rBPI21 with sulfadiazine yielded slight to moderate synergistic effects against T. gondii in vitro. Infection of mice orally with C56 cysts or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with RH tachyzoites resulted in 100% mortality, whereas prolongation of the time to death or significant survival (P = 0.002) was noted for those animals treated with 5 to 20 mg of rBPI21 per kg of body weight per day. Treatment with rBPI21 in combination with sulfadiazine resulted in significant (P = 0.0001) survival of mice infected i.p. with tachyzoites but not of mice infected orally with T. gondii cysts. These results indicate that rBPI21 is active in vitro and in vivo against T. gondii and that its activity is significantly enhanced when it is used in combination with sulfadiazine. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the activity of rBPI21 against a protozoan parasite.  (+info)

Indolylquinoline derivatives are cytotoxic to Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro and are effective in treating murine visceral leishmaniasis. (6/1602)

A wide variety of biologically active compounds contain indole and quinoline nuclei. Some novel indolylquinoline derivatives were synthesized from indole by Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. Out of the four derivatives tested, 2-(2''-acetamidobenzyl)-3-(3'-indolylquinoline) (C) had no effect on the promastigotes or amastigotes of Leishmania donovani in vitro. The remaining three analogues, 2-(2''-dichloroacetamidobenzyl)-3-(3'-indolylquinoline) (A), 2-(2''-chloroacetamidobenzyl)-3-(3'-indolylquinoline) (B), and 2-(2''-aminobenzyl)-3-(3'-indolylquinoline) (D), inhibited the growth of L. donovani promastigotes in vitro and were cytotoxic to both the promastigote and amastigote forms of the parasite. These three derivatives were also effective in eliminating L. donovani amastigotes from BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. One indolylquinoline derivative [A] was used to treat established visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. This compound was significantly more effective than sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) in reducing the splenic parasite load at a much lower concentration (5% of SAG). Our results suggest that indolylquinoline derivatives may be exploited as antileishmanial agents.  (+info)

What controls glycolysis in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei? (7/1602)

On the basis of the experimentally determined kinetic properties of the trypanosomal enzymes, the question is addressed of which step limits the glycolytic flux in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei. There appeared to be no single answer; in the physiological range, control shifted between the glucose transporter on the one hand and aldolase (ALD), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GDH) on the other hand. The other kinases, which are often thought to control glycolysis, exerted little control; so did the utilization of ATP. We identified potential targets for anti-trypanosomal drugs by calculating which steps need the least inhibition to achieve a certain inhibition of the glycolytic flux in these parasites. The glucose transporter appeared to be the most promising target, followed by ALD, GDH, GAPDH, and PGK. By contrast, in erythrocytes more than 95% deficiencies of PGK, GAPDH, or ALD did not cause any clinical symptoms (Schuster, R. and Holzhutter, H.-G. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 229, 403-418). Therefore, the selectivity of drugs inhibiting these enzymes may be much higher than expected from their molecular effects alone. Quite unexpectedly, trypanosomes seem to possess a substantial overcapacity of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase, making these "irreversible" enzymes mediocre drug targets.  (+info)

Cost-effectiveness analysis of humanitarian relief interventions: visceral leishmaniasis treatment in the Sudan. (8/1602)

Spending by aid agencies on emergencies has quadrupled over the last decade, to over US$6 billion. To date, cost-effectiveness has seldom been considered in the prioritization and evaluation of emergency interventions. The sheer volume of resources spent on humanitarian aid and the chronicity of many humanitarian interventions call for more attention to be paid to the issue of 'value for money'. In this paper we present data from a major humanitarian crisis, an epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in war-torn Sudan. The special circumstances provided us, in retrospect, with unusually accurate data on excess mortality, costs of the intervention and its effects, thus allowing us to express cost-effectiveness as the cost per Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) averted. The cost-effectiveness ratio, of US$18.40 per DALY (uncertainty range between US$13.53 and US$27.63), places the treatment of VL in Sudan among health interventions considered 'very good value for money' (interventions of less than US$25 per DALY). We discuss the usefulness of this analysis to the internal management of the VL programme, the procurement of funds for the programme, and more generally, to priority setting in humanitarian relief interventions. We feel that in evaluations of emergency interventions attempts could be made more often to perform cost-effectiveness analyses, including the use of DALYs, provided that the outcomes of these analyses are seen in the broad context of the emergency situation and its consequences on the affected population. This paper provides a first contribution to what is hoped to become an international database of cost-effectiveness studies of health interventions during relief operations, which use a comparable measure of health outcome such as the DALY.  (+info)

Antiprotozoal drugs, Information about Antiprotozoal drugsAntiprotozoal drugs, Information about Antiprotozoal drugs
Antiprotozoal drugs are medicines that are used to treat a variety of diseases caused by protozoa. Protozoa are one-celled organisms, such as amoebas. Some are parasitic and cause infections in the body. African sleeping sickness,giardiasis, amebiasis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and malaria are examples of diseases caused by protozoa.. Antiprotozoal drugs come in liquid, tablet, and injectable forms and are available only with a doctors prescription. Some commonly used antiprotozoal drugs are metronidazole (Flagyl), eflornithine (Ornidyl), furazolidone (Furoxone), hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), iodoquinol (Diquinol, Yodoquinol, Yodoxin), and pentamidine (Pentam 300). The recommended dosage depends on the type ofantiprotozoal drug, its strength, and the medical problem for which it is being used. Check with the physician who prescribed the drug or the pharmacistwho filled the prescription for the correct dosage. Always take antiprotozoaldrugs exactly as directed.. Some people feel ...
http://www.faqs.org/health/topics/73/Antiprotozoal-drugs.html
Antiprotozoal Agents, Amebicides - ICD CodesAntiprotozoal Agents, Amebicides - ICD Codes
View list of generic drugs that are classified under Antiprotozoal Agents, Amebicides along with ICD Code. Find related prescribing information and price details for each drug listed under it.
http://www.medindia.net/drugs/icd-codes/antiprotozoal-agents-amebicides.htm
Antiprotozoal - WikipediaAntiprotozoal - Wikipedia
Antiprotozoal agents (ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection. Protozoans have little in common with each other (for example, Entamoeba histolytica, an unikont eukaryotic organism, is less closely related to Naegleria fowleri, a bikont eukaryotic organism, than it is to Homo sapiens, which belongs to the unikont phylogenetic group) and so agents effective against one pathogen may not be effective against another. They can be grouped by mechanism or by organism. Recent papers have also proposed the use of viruses to treat infections caused by protozoa. Antiprotozoals are used to treat protozoal infections, which include amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis, malaria, babesiosis, trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, and toxoplasmosis. Currently, many of the treatments for these infections are limited by their toxicity. The mechanisms of antiprotozoal drugs differ significantly drug to drug. For example, it appears ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiprotozoal
AID 774779 - Antiprotozoal activity against axenic amastigote form of Leishmania donovani MHOM/ET/67/L82 assessed as parasite...AID 774779 - Antiprotozoal activity against axenic amastigote form of Leishmania donovani MHOM/ET/67/L82 assessed as parasite...
BioAssay record AID 774779 submitted by ChEMBL: Antiprotozoal activity against axenic amastigote form of Leishmania donovani MHOM/ET/67/L82 assessed as parasite growth inhibition.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/774779
Broxaldine | Antiprotozoal drug | Brobenzoxaldine | CAS [3684-46-6] | Axon 2804 | Axon Ligand™ with |99% purity available from...Broxaldine | Antiprotozoal drug | Brobenzoxaldine | CAS [3684-46-6] | Axon 2804 | Axon Ligand™ with |99% purity available from...
Broxaldine | Antiprotozoal drug | Brobenzoxaldine | CAS [3684-46-6] | Axon 2804 | Axon Ligand™ with >99% purity available from supplier Axon Medchem, prime source of life science reagents for your research
https://www.axonmedchem.com/product/2804
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Antileishmanial Activity of Azitahromycin Against Leishmania ...The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Antileishmanial Activity of Azitahromycin Against Leishmania ...
Azithromycin, an azalide antibiotic, is highly concentrated within different phagocytic cells, especially macrophages. The potential antileishmanial activity of azithromycin against three species of Leishmania from the New World was assessed using in vitro models. Azithromycin decreased viability of promastigote cultures of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi as determined by the colorimetric Alamar blue assay. In amastigote intracellular cultures, a significant decrease in infected macrophages counts was observed for all three species with IC50 of 20.83 (27 μ mol/L), 2.18 (2.7 μmol/L), and 6.12 (7.8 μmol/L) μg/mL, respectively. Azithromycin showed in vitro activity against L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) braziliensis, and L. (L.) chagasi and may offer an alternative to current leishmaniasis treatment.
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.745
Vedco Anitbacterial & Antiprotozoal | PharmacyVedco Anitbacterial & Antiprotozoal | Pharmacy
View Anitbacterial & Antiprotozoal shopping areas from our Pharmacy catalog. Shop Pharmacy in our Anitbacterial & Antiprotozoal department online made by Vedco. Shop, sign-up and save, or request your free Pharmacy catalog. Free Shipping on Anitbacterial & Antiprotozoal products for orders over $60.
https://www.valleyvet.com/c/pharmacy/horse-pharmacy/horse-anitbacterial-antiprotozoal.html?mfg=vedco-VED001
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Antileishmanial Activity and Structure-Activity Relationship of Triazolic Compounds Derived from...Molecules | Free Full-Text | Antileishmanial Activity and Structure-Activity Relationship of Triazolic Compounds Derived from...
Sixteen 1,4-diaryl-1,2,3-triazole compounds 4-19 derived from the tetrahydrofuran neolignans veraguensin 1, grandisin 2, and machilin G 3 were tested against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis intracellular amastigotes. Triazole compounds 4-19 were synthetized via Click Chemistry strategy by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between terminal acetylenes and aryl azides containing methoxy and methylenedioxy groups as substituents. Our results suggest that most derivatives were active against intracellular amastigotes, with IC50 values ranging from 4.4 to 32.7 µM. The index of molecular hydrophobicity (ClogP) ranged from 2.8 to 3.4, reflecting a lipophilicity/hydrosolubility rate suitable for transport across membranes, which may have resulted in the potent antileishmanial activity observed. Regarding structure-activity relationship (SAR), compounds 14 and 19, containing a trimethoxy group, were the most active (IC50 values of 5.6 and 4.4 µM, respectively), with low cytotoxicity on mammalian cells (SI = 14.1
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/6/802
Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of oligomethylene- and p-phenylene-bis(methylene)-linked bis(+)-huprines<...Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of oligomethylene- and p-phenylene-bis(methylene)-linked bis(+)-huprines<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of oligomethylene- and p-phenylene-bis(methylene)-linked bis(+)-huprines. AU - Sola, Irene. AU - Artigas, Albert. AU - Taylor, Martin C.. AU - Gbedema, Stephen Y.. AU - Pérez, Belén. AU - Clos, M. Victòria. AU - Wright, Colin W.. AU - Kelly, John M.. AU - Muñoz-Torrero, Diego. PY - 2014/12/1. Y1 - 2014/12/1. N2 - © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. We have synthesized a series of dimers of (+)-(7R,11R)-huprine Y and evaluated their activity against Trypanosoma brucei, Plasmodium falciparum, rat myoblast L6 cells and human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), and their brain permeability. Most dimers have more potent and selective trypanocidal activity than huprine Y and are brain permeable, but they are devoid of antimalarial activity and remain active against hAChE. Lead optimization will focus on identifying compounds with a more favourable trypanocidal/anticholinesterase activity ratio.. AB - © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ...
https://portalrecerca.uab.cat/en/publications/synthesis-and-antiprotozoal-activity-of-oligomethylene-and-p-phen
What does science says about Monkey tail uses and benefits? - 2beingfitWhat does science says about Monkey tail uses and benefits? - 2beingfit
Bark used as expectorant and for asthma.. • In Africa, bark root used for pulmonary problems; leaf for leprosy, and flower for kidney ailments and as diuretic.. • In West Nigeria, leaves and stems soaked and boiled in water, used for skin rashes. (see source study). • In India, reported Mawasi tribal use of flowers for diarrhea. (see source study). Scientific studies on the benefits and uses of the monkey tail. • Antimicrobial:. Studies of leaf extracts isolated gallic acid, corilagin and geranin responsible for antimicrobial activity.. • Trypanocidal/ antiprotozoal agent:. Aqueous extract of Acalypha hispida leaves suggest trypanocidal effect.. • Anti-ulcer / Anti-tumor:. Studies yielded geraniin and dehydroellagitannins which suggest diverse biological properties including anti-ulcer and anti-tumor effects, antibacterial activity against helicobacter pylori and antifungal activity.. • Phytochemicals:. Phytochemical studies yield phenolics, flavonoids, hydroxyanthraquinones and ...
http://2beingfit.com/monkey-tail/
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REIMAO, JULIANA QUERO... Investigation of Calcium Channel Blockers as Antiprotozoal Agents and Their Interference in the Metabolism of Leishmania (L.) infantum. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine n. p. 2016. Journal article.
https://bv.fapesp.br/en/publicacao/115932/investigation-of-calcium-channel-blockers-as-antiprotozoal-a/
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Psychotropic Base Rates: The Argument From Antibiotics | Slate Star CodexPsychotropic Base Rates: The Argument From Antibiotics | Slate Star Codex
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http://slatestarcodex.com/2014/07/17/psychotropic-base-rates-the-argument-from-antibiotics/
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context: https://springernature.github.io/scigraph/jsonld/sgcontext.json, about: [ { id: http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/1103, inDefinedTermSet: http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/, name: Clinical Sciences, type: DefinedTerm }, { id: http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/11, inDefinedTermSet: http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/, name: Medical and Health Sciences, type: DefinedTerm }, { inDefinedTermSet: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/, name: Administration, Oral, type: DefinedTerm }, { inDefinedTermSet: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/, name: Adult, type: DefinedTerm }, { inDefinedTermSet: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/, name: Antiprotozoal Agents, type: DefinedTerm }, { inDefinedTermSet: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/, name: Child, type: DefinedTerm }, { inDefinedTermSet: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/, name: Child, Preschool, ...
https://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1007/s004300100087
Study of the mechanism of action of antileishmanial agents acting on host-cell vesicular trafficking and identification of new...Study of the mechanism of action of antileishmanial agents acting on host-cell vesicular trafficking and identification of new...
Laboratory : Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8076 CNRS BioCIS,Team « Chimiothérapie Antiparasitaire » (Director : Philippe LOISEAU). Supervisor : Sébastien POMEL. Keywords:. Leishmania, Chemotherapy, Mechanism of action, vesicular trafficking. Profile and skills: PhD with strong background in cellular and molecular biology. A previous experience in in vivo experimentations will be appreciated. Knowledge in parasitology is not a prerequisite.. Description of the project:. A drug candidate, and its back-up, for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis were identified from in vitro and in vivo experimentations, in collaboration with CEA Saclay. These compounds were selected to be inactive on the axenic amastigote form itself in order to prevent a risk of drug resistance, but very active on the intramacrophage form. Previous works have shown that a derivative of these compounds inhibit the retrograde transport and the formation of the parasitophorous vacuole.. The objectives of the project consist in ...
https://sbcf.fr/job/vesicular-trafficking-paris-sud-university-copy/
Antileishmanial High-Throughput Drug Screening Reveals Drug Candidates with New Scaffolds - GOV.UKAntileishmanial High-Throughput Drug Screening Reveals Drug Candidates with New Scaffolds - GOV.UK
Drugs currently available for leishmaniasis treatment often show parasite resistance, highly toxic side effects and costs that are prohibitive commonly for patients from the tropical endemic countries. There is an urgent need for new drugs as a treatment solution for this neglected disease. Here the authors describe the development and implementation of an automated high-throughput viability screening assay for the discovery of new drugs against Leishmania. Assay validation was done with Leishmania promastigote forms, and included the screening of 4000 compounds with known pharmacological properties. In an attempt to find new compounds with leishmanicidal properties, 26,500 structurally diverse chemical compounds were screened. A cut-off of 70% growth inhibition in the primary screening led to the identification of 567 active compounds. Cellular toxicity and selectivity were responsible for the exclusion of 78% of the pre-selected compounds. The activity of the remaining 124 compounds was ...
https://www.gov.uk/dfid-research-outputs/antileishmanial-high-throughput-drug-screening-reveals-drug-candidates-with-new-scaffolds
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Amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica is associated with high morbidity and mortality is becoming a major public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Because of the side-effects and the resistance that pathogenic protozoa build against the standard antiparasitic drugs, e.g., metronidazole, much recent attention has been paid to plants used in traditional medicine around the world in order to find new antiprotozoal agents. We collected 32 plants used in Northeast Mexican traditional medicine and the methanolic extracts of these species were screened for antiprotozoal activity against E. histolytica trophozoites using in vitro tests. Only 18 extracts showed a significant inhibiting activity and among them six plant extracts showed more than 80% growth inhibition against E. histolytica at a concentration of 150 µg/mL and the IC50 values of these extracts were determined. Lippia graveolens Kunth and Ruta chalepensis Pers. showed the more significant antiprotozoal activity (91
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/12/21044
S100B‑p53 disengagement by pentamidine promotes apoptosis and inhibits cellular migration via aquaporin‑4 and metalloproteinase...S100B‑p53 disengagement by pentamidine promotes apoptosis and inhibits cellular migration via aquaporin‑4 and metalloproteinase...
S100 calcium‑binding protein B (S100B) is highly expressed in glioma cells and promotes cancer cell survival via inhibition of the p53 protein. In melanoma cells, this S100B‑p53 interaction is known to be inhibited by pentamidine isethionate, an antiprotozoal agent. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pentamidine on rat C6 glioma cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis in vitro. The change in C6 cell proliferation following treatment with pentamidine was determined by performing a 3‑[4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl]‑2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide‑formazan assay. Significant dose‑dependent decreases in proliferation were observed at pentamidine concentrations of 0.05 μM (58.5±5%; P,0.05), 0.5 μM (40.6±7%; P,0.01) and 5 μM (13±4%; P,0.001) compared with the control (100% viability). Furthermore, treatment with 0.05, 0.5 and 5 μM pentamidine was associated with a significant increase in apoptosis versus the untreated cells, as determined by DNA ...
https://www.iris.unina.it/handle/11588/600181
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Chemotherapy of leishmaniasis is principally predicated on antimonials. and 13e werent dangerous against fibroblasts, macrophages, or dendritic cells. Jointly, these results claim that the aziridine-2,3-dicarboxylates 13b and 13e are potential antileishmanial business lead substances with low toxicity against web host cells and selective antiparasitic results. Chemotherapy against leishmaniasis is situated generally on antimony substances, initially defined in 1912 by Vianna (42) in Brazil as trivalent antimonials [Sb(III)]. These substances display high toxicity and a small therapeutic window, conditions that led to the introduction of the pentavalent antimonium [Sb(V)] agencies sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) and meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime), presented around 1940 (31, 38). Pentavalent antimonium substances display a wider healing window and therefore became the medications of preference against leishmaniasis. Nevertheless, their toxicity causes critical unwanted effects that PXD101 ...
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http://libros.duhnnae.com/2017/jun9/149858619773-Anti-Leishmanial-Activity-In-Vitro-and-In-Vivo-of-Allicin-and-Allicin-Cream-Using-Leishmania-major-Sub-strain-Zymowme-LON4-and-Balb-c-Mice.php
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https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/384320
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The enemy within: Targeting host-parasite interaction for antileishmanial drug discovery - Institut PasteurThe enemy within: Targeting host-parasite interaction for antileishmanial drug discovery - Institut Pasteur
The state of antileishmanial chemotherapy is strongly compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant Leishmania. The evolution of drug-resistant phenotypes has been linked to the parasites intrinsic genome instability, with frequent gene and chromosome amplifications causing fitness gains that are directly selected by environmental factors, including the presence of antileishmanial drugs. Thus, even though the unique eukaryotic biology of Leishmania and its dependence on parasite-specific virulence factors provide valid opportunities for chemotherapeutical intervention, all strategies that target the parasite in a direct fashion are likely prone to select for resistance. Here, we review the current state of antileishmanial chemotherapy and discuss the limitations of ongoing drug discovery efforts. We finally propose new strategies that target Leishmania viability indirectly via mechanisms of host-parasite interaction, including parasite-released ectokinases and host epigenetic regulation, which
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A 5-year-old American girl presents with a 1-week history of intermittent chills, fever, and sweats. She had returned home 2 weeks earlier after leaving the United States for the first time to spend 3 weeks with her grandparents in Nigeria. She received all standard childhood immunizations, but no additional treatment before travel, since her parents have returned to their native Nigeria frequently without medical consequences. Three days ago, the child was seen in an outpatient clinic and diagnosed with a viral syndrome. Examination reveals a lethargic child, with a temperature of 39.8°C (103.6°F) and splenomegaly. She has no skin rash or lymphadenopathy. Initial laboratory studies are remarkable for hematocrit 29.8%, platelets 45,000/mm3, creatinine 2.5 mg/dL (220 μmol/L), and mildly elevated bilirubin and transaminases. A blood smear shows ring forms of Plasmodium falciparum at 1.5% parasitemia. What treatment should be started? ...
http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=388§ionid=45764278
Microtubules as Antiparasitic Drug Targets. by Julie Ann Naughton DrMicrotubules as Antiparasitic Drug Targets. by Julie Ann Naughton Dr
Background: Parasitic diseases including malaria, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis take a terrible toll of human life, health and productivity, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, and are also highly significant in animal health worldwide. Antiparasitic drugs are the mainstays of control of most of these diseases, but in many cases current therapies are inadequate and in some the situation is deteriorating because of drug resistance. Microtubules, as essential components of almost all eukaryotic cells, are proven drug targets in many helminth diseases and show promise as targets for the development of new antiprotozoal drugs. Objective: This article reviews the chemistry of the microtubule inhibitors in current use and under investigation as antiparasitic agents, their activities against the major parasites and their mechanisms of action. New directions in both inhibitor chemistry and biological evaluation are discussed. Conclusions: The most promising immediate avenues for discovery and
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http://adisinsight.springer.com/trials/700025722?error=cookies_not_supported&code=76a455dd-ef1b-4157-b311-d6cc16d95464
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C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein that binds to surface structures of a number of different organisms. Leishmania donovani express CRP ligand when first entering the mammalian host and CRP has been shown to alter macrophage function. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional significance of CRP-mediated uptake of L. donovani on survival of the parasite within human macrophages and macrophage cell responses to the infection. CRP opsonized L. donovani uptake was inhibitable by including excess CRP in the fluid phase, suggesting Fc receptor usage rather than indirect complement-mediated uptake. Comparing equivalent initial infection loads, parasite survival over 72 h within peripheral blood derived macrophages (PBMs) and differentiated U937 cells was unaltered by CRP. Whereas CRP increased macrophage responses to phosphorylcholine coated erythrocytes, no significant alteration in tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-10 or IL-12 production from PBMs was ...
http://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/2895/
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Clinical and epidemiological features of visceral leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection in fifteen patients from Brazil. -...Clinical and epidemiological features of visceral leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection in fifteen patients from Brazil. -...
Cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have regularly been recorded, mainly in southern Europe. HIV infection can increase the risk of VL development by 10-100 times in endemic areas. We describe the occurrence of this co-infection in 15 patients from Brazil. The mean age of the patients was 38 +/- 8.8 yr, with 86.6% males. The mean time between HIV diagnosis and the onset of visceral leishmaniasis was 44 +/- 39 mo. The main signs and symptoms presented at admission were splenomegaly (73%), weight loss (73%), cough (67%), fever (67%), asthenia (60%), and diarrhea (60%). The mean T CD4+ lymphocyte count was 173.7 +/- 225.6 cells/mm3, and viral load was 51,030 +/- 133,737/mm3. Treatment consisted of pentavalent antimonials (67% of cases). Most (87%) patients recovered from VL infection; death occurred in 1 patient due to septic shock. VL is an important opportunistic infection in HIV patients, which is potentially fatal, even when correct
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Clinical-and-epidemiological-features-of-visceral-Daher-Fonseca/2d9804c30d6f0dbf8de0a5bb8a4b3cb7975f9a8a
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COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is a rapidly escalating global pandemic for which there is no proven effective treatment. COVID-19 is multi-dimensional disease caused by viral cytopathic effects and host-mediated immunopathology. Therapeutic approaches should logically be based on interventions that have direct anti-viral effects and favourably modulate the host immune response. Thus, an optimal drug regimen in ambulatory patients should collectively (i) target and reduce viral replication, (ii) upregulate host innate immune anti-viral responses, (iii) have favourable immunomodulatory properties, and (iv) minimise disease progression to hospitalisation thus circumventing the cytokine storm that likely underpins ARDS and multi-organ failure. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is an antiprotozoal drug that is FDA-approved for treating Cryptosporidium and Giardia and has an excellent safety record for a variety of indications, but primarily as an anti-parasitic agent. It has proven broad anti-viral activity ...
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Hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC, miltefosine) is an alkylphospholipid used clinically for the topical treatment of cancer and against leishmaniasis. The mechanism of action of HePC, not yet elucidated, involves its insertion into the plasma membrane, affecting lipid homeostasis. It has also been proposed that HePC directly affects lipid raft stability and function in cell membranes. The present work deals with two main questions in the understanding of the action of HePC: the bases for membrane selectivity and as a membrane perturbator agent. We explored the interaction of HePC with lipid monolayers and bilayer vesicles, combining monolayer penetration experiments, Brewster angle microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Several membrane compositions were tested to explore different rheological conditions, phase states and lateral structures. Additionally, the kinetics between the soluble and the membrane form of HePC was explored. Our results showed an increase in elasticity induced by ...
http://ciquibic.fcq.unc.edu.ar/en/crossregulation-between-the-insertion-of-hexadecylphosphocholine-miltefosine-into-lipid-membranes-and-their-rheology-and-lateral-structure/
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Iranian Journal of Dermatology - Vol. 8, No. 33, Autumn 2005Iranian Journal of Dermatology - Vol. 8, No. 33, Autumn 2005
A comparative study on the efficacy of combination therapy with Omeprazole and low dose systemic Meglumine Antimoniate (Glucantime) and the full dose systemic Meglumine Antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous ...
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Ten Leishmania isolates (L. infantum: 6 isolates, L. donovani, L. tropica, L. major, L. aethiopica: one isolate each) have been successfully adapted to grow as axenic amastigote or amastigote-like forms. Promastigote forms were propagated in vitro (27oC, pH 7.2) in a defined liquid medium requiring no serum or serum substitutes at. Amastigotes forms were cultivated in a slightly modified medium [1] substituted with 1% of a commercially available serum fraction produced from abundantly available adult bovine serum (FC III, HyClone) which obviates the need for fetal bovine serum. Axenic amastigotes were produced from promastigotes by increasing the temperature stepwise to 36oC followed by decreasing the pH of the medium stepwise to 5.4 [2 ...
http://www.forschung3r.ch/de/projects/pr_53_96.html
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Incidence of antiprotozoal and antivermal antibiotics in fungi, V Class Fungi Imperfecti Collected in the Vietnamese Democratic...Incidence of antiprotozoal and antivermal antibiotics in fungi, V Class Fungi Imperfecti Collected in the Vietnamese Democratic...
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Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. ...
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Protocols and Video Articles Authored by Javier D. MurilloProtocols and Video Articles Authored by Javier D. Murillo
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Protocols and Video Articles Authored by Adriana M. Restrepo (Translated to Danish)Protocols and Video Articles Authored by Adriana M. Restrepo (Translated to Danish)
Adriana M. Restrepo is the author of this article in the Journal of Visualized Experiments: Kutan leishmaniasis i den dorsale hud af hamstere: en nyttig model til screening af Antileishmanial Drugs
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The rule of five should not impede anti-parasitic drug development.The rule of five should not impede anti-parasitic drug development.
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In-vitro safety and off-target profile of the anti-parasitic arylmethylaminosteroid 1oIn-vitro safety and off-target profile of the anti-parasitic arylmethylaminosteroid 1o
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LSHTM Research OnlineLSHTM Research Online
Murray, PJ; Kranz, M; Ladlow, M; Taylor, S; Berst, F; Holmes, AB; Keavey, KN; Jaxa-Chamiec, A; Seale, PW; Stead, P; +4 more... Upton, RJ; Croft, SL; Clegg, W; Elsegood, MRJ; (2001) The synthesis of cyclic tetrapeptoid analogues of the antiprotozoal natural product apicidin. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11 (6). pp. 773-776. ISSN 0960-894X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(01)00049-X Full text not available from this repository ...
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MCQ - 65814 - www.medicoapps.orgMCQ - 65814 - www.medicoapps.org
Microscopic examination:direct visualization of the intracellular Amastigotes (Leishman-Donovan bodies).Amastigotes( formed after the macrophage phagocytizes an infective promastigote) are seen within blood and spleen monocytes or, less commonly, in circulating neutrophils and in aspirated tissue macrophages. They are small, round bodies 2-4 μm in diameter with indistinct cytoplasm, a nucleus, and a small, rod-shaped kinetoplast ...
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Impavido® (miltefosine) is an FDA-approved treatment for cutaneous, mucosal and visceral leishmaniasis in patients 12 years of age and older. PLEASE SEE FULL PRESCRIBING INFO ...
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ChiniofonChiniofon
... is an antiprotozoal agent. "Chiniofon". WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Leake CD (December ...
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TilbroquinolTilbroquinol
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AlbaconazoleAlbaconazole
It has also been studied as an antiprotozoal agent. "Albaconazole". Adis Insight. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Guedes PM, ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 48 (11): 4286-92. doi:10.1128/AAC.48.11.4286-4292.2004. PMC 525424. PMID 15504854. v t e ...
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InfectionInfection
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CoccidiostatCoccidiostat
A coccidiostat is an antiprotozoal agent that acts upon Coccidia parasites. Examples include: Amprolium Arprinocid Artemether ... MeSH list of agents 82003049 v t e. ...
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MaduramicinMaduramicin
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PhanquinonePhanquinone
It has been investigated as both antiprotozoal agent and for its bactericidal activity . Mett H, Gyr K, Zak O, Vosbeck K (July ... Agents Chemother. 26 (1): 35-8. doi:10.1128/aac.26.1.35. PMC 179912. PMID 6236746. v t e. ...
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NifuratelNifuratel
It is a local antiprotozoal and antifungal agent that may also be given orally. Nifuratel is not approved for use in the United ...
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MepacrineMepacrine
The main uses of mepacrine are as an antiprotozoal, antirheumatic and an intrapleural sclerosing agent. Antiprotozoal use ... This antiprotozoal is also approved for the treatment of giardiasis (an intestinal parasite), and has been researched as an ... Agents Chemother. 55 (5): 1827-1830. doi:10.1128/aac.01296-10. PMC 3088196. PMID 21383088. Canete R, Escobedo AA, Gonzalez ME, ... As an intrapleural sclerosing agent, it is used as pneumothorax prophylaxis in patients at high risk of recurrence, e.g., ...
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Tritrichomonas blagburniTritrichomonas blagburni
However, antiprotozoal agents, such as ronidazole or metronidazole, are known to dramatically reduce symptoms in cats. Research ... "New species of parasite discovered as disease agent in domestic cats » College of Veterinary Medicine » University of Florida ...
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RonidazoleRonidazole
... is an antiprotozoal agent used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of histomoniasis and swine dysentery. It may ...
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GlycobiarsolGlycobiarsol
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Infection prevention and controlInfection prevention and control
Various forms of isolation exist, and are applied depending on the type of infection and agent involved, and its route of ... antivirals and antiprotozoals. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set up an Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) unit in ... According to the WHO, outbreak investigations are meant to detect what is causing the outbreak, how the pathogenic agent is ... Antimicrobial medications (aka antimicrobials or anti-infective agents) include antibiotics, antibacterials, antifungals, ...
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IonophoreIonophore
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Originally developed and commercialized as an antiprotozoal agent, nitazoxanide was later identified as a first-in-class broad- ... These agents act on penetration and uncoating. Pleconaril works against rhinoviruses, which cause the common cold, by blocking ... This stage of viral replication can be inhibited in two ways: Using agents which mimic the virus-associated protein (VAP) and ... Potentially, one of the benefits from the use of an effective entry-blocking or entry-inhibiting agent is that it potentially ...
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Originally developed and commercialized as an antiprotozoal agent, nitazoxanide was later identified as a first-in-class broad- ... The anti-protozoal activity of nitazoxanide is believed to be due to interference with the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase ( ... Agents Chemother. 46 (7): 2116-23. doi:10.1128/aac.46.7.2116-2123.2002. PMC 127316. PMID 12069963. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a ... Rossignol JF (October 2014). "Nitazoxanide: a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral agent". Antiviral Res. 110: 94-103. doi: ...
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Clostridioides difficile infectionClostridioides difficile infection
Nitazoxanide is a synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivative indicated as an antiprotozoal agent (FDA-approved for the ... "Cleaning agents 'make bug strong'". BBC News Online. 3 April 2006. Archived from the original on 8 November 2006. Retrieved 17 ... Koo HL, Koo DC, Musher DM, DuPont HL (March 2009). "Antimotility agents for the treatment of Clostridium difficile diarrhea and ... Several different antibiotics are used for C. difficile, with the available agents being more or less equally effective. ...
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Dehydroemetine is a synthetically produced antiprotozoal agent similar to emetine in its anti-amoebic properties and structure ... Emetine is a drug used as both an anti-protozoal and to induce vomiting. It is produced from the ipecac root. It takes its name ... The identification of emetine as a more potent agent improved the treatment of amoebiasis. While use of emetine still caused ... Although it is a potent antiprotozoal, the drug also can interfere with muscle contractions, leading to cardiac failure in some ...
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DehydroemetineDehydroemetine
... is a synthetically produced antiprotozoal agent similar to emetine in its anti-amoebic properties and structure ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 64 (4). e01444-19. doi:10.1128/AAC.01444-19. PMC 7179302. PMID 31964796. Hernandez-Perez ...
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Antitrichomonal agentAntitrichomonal agent
An antitrichomonal agent is an antiprotozoal agent that acts on trichomonas parasites. Examples include: furazolidone nifuratel ... nimorazole ornidazole tinidazole usnic acid Antitrichomonal+Agents at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject ... Headings (MeSH) MeSH list of agents 82000994 v t e. ...
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Trypanocidal agentTrypanocidal agent
A trypanocidal agent is an antiprotozoal agent that acts upon trypanosome parasites. Examples include: Aminoquinuride ... Trypanosomiasis vaccine Trypanocidal+Agents at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) MeSH list of ... agents 82014344 GOBLE, F. C. (January 1950). "Chemotherapy of experimental trypanosomiasis; trypanocidal activity of certain ...
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AntiprotozoalAntiprotozoal
"Antiprotozoal Agents: An Overview". Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 8 (4): 345-366. doi:10.2174/ ... Antiprotozoal agents (ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection. Protozoans ... The mechanisms of antiprotozoal drugs differ significantly drug to drug. For example, it appears that eflornithine, a drug used ... Antiprotozoals are used to treat protozoal infections, which include amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis ...
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PentamidinePentamidine
Antiprotozoal agents. *Amidines. *DNA-binding substances. *NMDA receptor antagonists. *Phenol ethers. *World Health ...
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MedicationMedication
antifungal, alkalinizing agents, quinolones, antibiotics, cholinergics, anticholinergics, antispasmodics, 5-alpha reductase ... antiprotozoals, probiotics, prebiotics, antitoxins and antivenoms. ... In the inter-war period, the first anti-bacterial agents such as the sulpha antibiotics were developed. The Second World War ... These were drugs that worked chiefly as anti-anxiety agents and muscle relaxants. The first benzodiazepine was Librium. Three ...
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QuinineQuinine
Antiparasitics - antiprotozoal agents - Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01). Alveo-. late. Apicom-. plexa. Conoidasida/. ( ... Cutting agent[edit]. Quinine is sometimes detected as a cutting agent in street drugs such as cocaine and heroin.[63] ... As a flavoring agent in beverages, quinine is limited to less than 83 parts per million in the United States, and 100​mg⁄l in ... Magill A, Panosian C (July 2005). "Making antimalarial agents available in the United States". The New England Journal of ...
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AnalgesicAnalgesic
Psychotropic agents[edit]. Other psychotropic analgesic agents include ketamine (an NMDA receptor antagonist), clonidine and ... Unselective agents Aceclofenac. Comes in betadex salt and free acid forms; practically insoluble in water, soluble in many ... Other agents directly potentiate the effects of analgesics, such as using hydroxyzine, promethazine, carisoprodol, or ... When choosing analgesics, the severity and response to other medication determines the choice of agent; the World Health ...
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StimulantStimulant
It may be used as a nasal/sinus decongestant, as a stimulant,[119] or as a wakefulness-promoting agent.[120] ... Tashkin, D. P. (1 March 2001). "Airway effects of marijuana, cocaine, and other inhaled illicit agents". Current Opinion in ... and anorectic agent.[112] It is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations. In veterinary ... "Phenylisopropylamine stimulants: amphetamine-related agents". In Lemke TL, Williams DA, Roche VF, Zito W (eds.). Foye's ...
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HistomoniasisHistomoniasis
The disease causing agent, Histomonas meliagridis, is transmitted in the eggs of the worm Heterakis gallinarum.[7] Once in the ... Natustat and nitarsone were shown to be effective therapeutic drugs.[14] Nifurtimox, a compound with known antiprotozoal ...
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ProtistProtist
See also: Antiprotozoal agent and Apicomplexa § Parasitology_and_genomics. Some protists are significant parasites of animals ( ...
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ChemotherapyChemotherapy
Available agents[edit]. Main article: List of antineoplastic agents. There is an extensive list of antineoplastic agents. ... Alkylating agents[edit]. Main article: Alkylating antineoplastic agent. Alkylating agents are the oldest group of ... Siddik ZH (2005). Mechanisms of Action of Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents: DNA-Interactive Alkylating Agents and Antitumour ... Anti-microtubule agents[edit]. Vinca alkaloids prevent the assembly of microtubules, whereas taxanes prevent their disassembly ...
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DecongestantDecongestant
List of agents[edit]. Adrenaline releasing agents[edit]. Main article: Norepinephrine releasing agent ... 3 List of agents *3.1 Adrenaline releasing agents *3.1.1 Common or widely marketed ... since these agents lose effectiveness after a few days. ...
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AlkaloidAlkaloid
antiprotozoal agent, Emesis Ergot alkaloids Vasoconstriction, hallucinogenic, Uterotonic Morphine analgesic Nicotine stimulant ... Int J Antimicrob Agents. 44 (5): 377-386. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.06.001. PMID 25130096.. ... The newer semi-synthetic chemotherapeutic agent vinorelbine is used in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.[134][195] ...
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AntifungalAntifungal
"Dermatotherapeutic Agents". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (7th ed.). 2007. doi:10.1002/14356007.a08_301.pub2. ... Kyriakidis I, Tragiannidis A, Munchen S, Groll AH (February 2017). "Clinical hepatotoxicity associated with antifungal agents ... "The cost effectiveness of testing for onychomycosis versus empiric treatment of onychodystrophies with oral antifungal agents ... "Current and emerging azole antifungal agents". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 12 (1): 40-79. PMC 88906. PMID 9880474 ...
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WHO Model List of Essential MedicinesWHO Model List of Essential Medicines
Lipid-lowering agents[edit]. *Simvastatin[note 72]. Dermatological medicines (topical)[edit]. Antifungal medicines[edit]. * ... Antiprotozoal medicines[edit]. Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines[edit]. *Diloxanide. *Metronidazole. Antileishmaniasis ... Diagnostic agents[edit]. *Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD). Sera and immunoglobulins[edit]. *Antivenom ... single agent trimethoprim may be an alternative for lower urinary tract infection. ...
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Proton-pump inhibitorProton-pump inhibitor
Within the class of medications, there is no clear evidence that one agent works better than another.[1][2] ... In British Columbia, Canada the cost of the PPIs varies significantly from 0.20 CAD to 2.38 CAD per dose while all agents in ... The cost between different agents varies significantly.[1] ...
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DiureticDiuretic
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Template:Chromalveolate antiparasiticsTemplate:Chromalveolate antiparasitics
Antiparasitics - antiprotozoal agents - Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01). Alveo-. late. Apicom-. plexa. Conoidasida/. ( ...
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Local anestheticLocal anesthetic
Reducing agent (antioxidant), e.g. if epinephrine is used, then sodium metabisulfite is used as a reducing agent ... LA drugs are also often combined with other agents such as opioids for synergistic analgesic action.[1] Low doses of LA drugs ... This can be a factor in choosing an agent in patients with liver failure,[56] although since cholinesterases are produced in ... Even with proper administration, it is inevitable for some diffusion of agent into the body from the site of application due to ...
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Artemether/lumefantrineArtemether/lumefantrine
Antiparasitics - antiprotozoal agents - Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01). Alveo-. late. Apicom-. plexa. Conoidasida/. ( ...
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MetronidazoleMetronidazole
Antiparasitics - antiprotozoal agents - agents against amoebozoa/amebicide (P01). Entamoeba. Tissue amebicides. Nitroimidazole ... Metronidazole, marketed under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication.[5] It is used ... The metabolites show antibiotic and antiprotozoal activity in vitro.[43] Metronidazole and its metabolites are mainly excreted ... "Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs, Volumes 1-124". International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 8 July 2019. ...
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Clostridioides difficile infectionClostridioides difficile infection
Nitazoxanide is a synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivative indicated as an antiprotozoal agent (FDA-approved for the ... "Cleaning agents 'make bug strong'". BBC News Online. 3 April 2006. Archived from the original on 8 November 2006. Retrieved 17 ... Several different antibiotics are used for C. difficile, with the available agents being more or less equally effective.[64] ... "Antimotility agents for the treatment of Clostridium difficile diarrhea and colitis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 48 (5): ...
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8-Aminoquinoline8-Aminoquinoline
Antiparasitics - antiprotozoal agents - Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01). Alveo-. late. Apicom-. plexa. Conoidasida/. ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-Aminoquinoline
Immunosuppressive drugImmunosuppressive drug
Alkylating agents[edit]. The alkylating agents used in immunotherapy are nitrogen mustards (cyclophosphamide), nitrosoureas, ... Small biological agents[edit]. Fingolimod is a new synthetic immunosuppressant, currently in phase 3 of clinical trials. It ... Immunosuppressive drugs, also known as immunosuppressive agents, immunosuppressants and antirejection medications are drugs ... Immunosuppressive+Agents at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosuppressive_drug
Immunosuppressive drugImmunosuppressive drug
Alkylating agents[edit]. The alkylating agents used in immunotherapy are nitrogen mustards (cyclophosphamide), nitrosoureas, ... Small biological agents[edit]. Fingolimod is a new synthetic immunosuppressant, currently in phase 3 of clinical trials. It ... Immunosuppressive drugs or immunosuppressive agents or antirejection medications are drugs that inhibit or prevent activity of ... Immunosuppressive+Agents at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosuppressive_medications
DissociativeDissociative
Agents Chemother. 12 (5): 642-6. doi:10.1128/AAC.12.5.642. PMC 429991 . PMID 303498.. ... Also indirect D2 agonists, such as dopamine reuptake inhibitors (cocaine, methylphenidate), releasing agents (amphetamine, ... Virtue, RW; Alanis, JM; Mori, M; Lafargue, RT; Vogel, JH; Metcalf, DR (1967). "An anaesthetic agent: 2-orthochlorophenyl, 2- ... a PCP-receptor-acylating agent". Synapse. 1 (5): 497-504. doi:10.1002/syn.890010514. PMID 2850626.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative
BronchodilatorBronchodilator
"Pharmacologic Agents That Promote Airway Clearance in Hospitalized Subjects: A Systematic Review" (PDF). Respiratory Care. 60 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchodilator
DepressantDepressant
Antiprotozoals. *Anthelmintics. *Ectoparasiticides. *IVIG. *Vaccines. Malignant disease. (L01-L02). *Anticancer agents * ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressant
StatinStatin
LDL-lowering potency varies between agents. Cerivastatin is the most potent, (withdrawn from the market in August, 2001 due to ... Thurnher M, Nussbaumer O, Gruenbacher G (July 2012). "Novel aspects of mevalonate pathway inhibitors as antitumor agents". ... The first agent they identified was mevastatin (ML-236B), a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum. ... Several combination preparations of a statin and another agent, such as ezetimibe/simvastatin, are also available. In 2005, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statin
AntibioticAntibiotic
"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 45 (3): 649-59. doi:10.1128/aac.45.3.649-659.2001. PMC 90351 . PMID 11181338.. ... A limited number of antibiotics also possess antiprotozoal activity.[3][4] Antibiotics are not effective against viruses such ... "Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 51 (12): 4255-60. doi:10.1128/AAC.00824-07. PMC 2167999 . PMID 17923487.. ... "Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 58 (8): 4573-82. doi:10.1128/AAC.02463-14. PMC 4135978 . PMID 24867991.. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic
PrimaquinePrimaquine
Antiparasitics - antiprotozoal agents - Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01). Alveo-. late. Apicom-. plexa. Conoidasida/. ( ... 1950). "Primaquine, SN 13272, a new curative agent in vivax malaria; a preliminary report". Journal National Malaria Society. 9 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primaquine
Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Medication: Antiprotozoal agentsChagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Medication: Antiprotozoal agents
Antiprotozoal agents. Class Summary. These agents are used to treat infections caused by the protozoan T cruzi. ... The genome sequence of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Science. 2005 Jul 15. 309(5733):409-15. [Medline] ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214581-medication
Antiprotozoal Agents, Amebicides - ICD CodesAntiprotozoal Agents, Amebicides - ICD Codes
View list of generic drugs that are classified under Antiprotozoal Agents, Amebicides along with ICD Code. Find related ... Antiprotozoal Agents, Amebicides. ICD Code -Y41.3 Diloxanide This medication is an anti-protozoal agent, prescribed for ...
http://www.medindia.net/drugs/icd-codes/antiprotozoal-agents-amebicides.htm
Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Discovery and Evaluation of Thiazinoquinones as Anti-Protozoal Agents | HTMLMarine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Discovery and Evaluation of Thiazinoquinones as Anti-Protozoal Agents | HTML
Discovery and Evaluation of Thiazinoquinones as Anti-Protozoal Agents. Cary F. C. Lam 1, A. Norrie Pearce 1, Shen H. Tan 1,†, ... Table 1. Anti-protozoal, cytotoxic activities and clogP values of 2-4, 7a-h, j, 8a-k.. Entry. Compound. IC50 (μM) a. SI Pf g. ... Table 2. Anti-protozoal and cytotoxic activities of 10a/10b, 11a/11b, 12, 15-17.. Entry. Compound. IC50 (μM) a. SI Pf g. clogP ... Table 1. Anti-protozoal, cytotoxic activities and clogP values of 2-4, 7a-h, j, 8a-k. ...
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/11/9/3472/htm
Investigation of Calcium Channel Blockers as Antiprotozoal Agents and Their Interference in the Metabolism of Leishmania (L.)...Investigation of Calcium Channel Blockers as Antiprotozoal Agents and Their Interference in the Metabolism of Leishmania (L.)...
Investigation of Calcium Channel Blockers as Antiprotozoal Agents and Their Interference in the Metabolism of Leishmania (L.) ... "Investigation of Calcium Channel Blockers as Antiprotozoal Agents and Their Interference in the Metabolism of Leishmania (L.) ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2016/1523691/cta/
Symptoms of Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage - RightDiagnosis.comSymptoms of Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage - RightDiagnosis.com
... and correct diagnosis for Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage signs or Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage symptoms. ... Symptoms of Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage including 16 medical symptoms and signs of Antiprotozoal agent-induced ... Do I have Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage? *Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage: Introduction *Antiprotozoal ... Treatments for Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage *More about Antiprotozoal agent-induced liver damage Antiprotozoal ...
https://www.rightdiagnosis.com/a/antiprotozoal_agent_induced_liver_damage/symptoms.htm
Antiprotozoal Agents Flashcards by Cody Prentice | BrainscapeAntiprotozoal Agents Flashcards by Cody Prentice | Brainscape
These worms can all be treated with what agent? -Hookworm (Necator americanus) -Roundworm (Ascariasis) -Pinworm (Enterobiasis) ... Study Antiprotozoal Agents flashcards from Cody Prentice ... Flashcards in Antiprotozoal Agents Deck (25) Loading flashcards ...
https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/antiprotozoal-agents-9772221/packs/17110457
Arsenic compounds | Agents against amoebiasis and other protozoal diseases | AntiprotozoalsArsenic compounds | Agents against amoebiasis and other protozoal diseases | Antiprotozoals
Antiprotozoals Brokerage service for pharmaceutical and parapharmaceutical products active ingredients and precursors.. ... Agents acting on the renin-angiot.. Ace inhibitors, plain Ace inhibitors, plain ... Beta blocking agents Beta blocking agents Beta blocking agents, non-selecti.. Beta blocking agents, selective ... Agents against amoebiasis and other protozoal diseases , ... Lipid modifying agents Lipid modifying agents, plain Hmg coa ...
https://goldpharma.com/article/11232/lang/ENGLISH/t/arsenic%20compounds/
Synthesis of 1-(Aryl-1H-pyrrolyl)(phenyl)methyl-1H-imidazole Derivatives as Antiprotozoal AgentsSynthesis of 1-(Aryl-1H-pyrrolyl)(phenyl)methyl-1H-imidazole Derivatives as Antiprotozoal Agents
... Our company offers the ... Synthesis of 1-(Aryl-1H-pyrrolyl)(phenyl)methyl-1H-imidazole Derivatives as Antiprotozoal Agents. Our company offers the ... Synthesis of 1-(Aryl-1H-pyrrolyl)(phenyl)methyl-1H-imidazole Derivatives as Antiprotozoal Agents. /technology-offers/6000/ ... Synthesis of 1-(Aryl-1H-pyrrolyl)(phenyl)methyl-1H-imidazole Derivatives as Antiprotozoal Agents. ...
https://www.innoget.com/technology-offers/6000/synthesis-of-1-aryl-1h-pyrrolyl-phenyl-methyl-1h-imidazole-derivatives-as-antiprotozoal-agents
ASMscience | Antiprotozoal AgentsASMscience | Antiprotozoal Agents
A newer agent, nitazoxanide, which has both anthelmintic and antiprotozoal activity, is discussed. The chapter also reviews ... There are a number of effective antiprotozoal and anthelmintic drugs currently available. These antiparasitic agents are ... The two agents used for treatment of American trypano-somiasis are nifurtimox and benznidazole. Nifurtimox has significant side ... Benznidazole crosses the placenta, but there are minimal data regarding teratogenic effects of either agent in either animals ...
http://www.asmscience.org/content/concept/Entity/ASM/Microbiology/Clinical_and_Public_Health/Antimicrobials/Antiparasitics/Antiprotozoal_Agents
Artesunate (Antiprotozoal Agent) - SolaraArtesunate (Antiprotozoal Agent) - Solara
Solara Active Pharma Sciences is a young, dynamic, entrepreneurial, and customer-oriented API manufacturer. We have a legacy of over three decades and trace our origins to the API expertise of Strides Shasun Ltd. and the technical know-how of human API business from Sequent Scientific Ltd. We are poised to bridge the industry gap by delivering value-based products while maintaining focus on customer needs. We have 140+ scientists working at our two R&D Centers and 4 API manufacturing facilities armed with global approvals and 2 dedicated R&D facilities.. ...
http://solara.co.in/commercial/product/artesunate-antiprotozoal-agent/
Antiprotozoal Agents | GreenMedInfo | Pharmacological ActionAntiprotozoal Agents | GreenMedInfo | Pharmacological Action
Antiprotozoal Agents. Additional Keywords : Andrographolide, Antiparasitic Agents, Antiprotozoal Agents, Parasitic Diseases, ... Pharmacological Actions : Antigiardial agents, Antioxidants, Antiprotozoal Agents. Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts, ... Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antioxidants, Antiprotozoal Agents, Chemotherapeutic. Additional Keywords : ... Pharmacological Actions : Antiparasitic Agents, Antiprotozoal Agents. Additional Keywords : Natural Substances Versus Drugs, ...
https://video.greenmedinfo.com/pharmacological-action/antiprotozoal-agents
ANTI-PROTOZOAL AGENTS: Brief summary - Microbiology ClassANTI-PROTOZOAL AGENTS: Brief summary - Microbiology Class
Antiprotozoal agents are antimicrobial agents or drugs used to treat infections caused by parasites in humans. Parasites are ... ANTI-PROTOZOAL AGENTS: Brief summary. January 11, 2021 Microbiology Parasitology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology 1 ... Some antibacterial agents such as tetracycline, sulpha drugs and doxycycline are also co-administered with some antiprotozoal ... Humans depend largely on their immune system to fight certain parasitic infections aside the use of some antiprotozoal agents ...
https://microbiologyclass.com/anti-protozoal-agents-brief-summary/
Albendazole - Anthelmintics, Anticestodal Agents, Antiprotozoal Agents, ATC:P02CA03Albendazole - Anthelmintics, Anticestodal Agents, Antiprotozoal Agents, ATC:P02CA03
For the treatment of parenchymal neurocysticercosis due to active lesions caused by larval forms of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium and for the treatment of cystic hydatid disease of the liver, lung, and peritoneum, caused by the larval form of the dog tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus ...
http://pharmacycode.com/Albendazole.html
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Antiprotozoal Activity against Entamoeba histolytica of Plants Used in Northeast Mexican...Molecules | Free Full-Text | Antiprotozoal Activity against Entamoeba histolytica of Plants Used in Northeast Mexican...
... attention has been paid to plants used in traditional medicine around the world in order to find new antiprotozoal agents. We ... showed the more significant antiprotozoal activity (91.54% and 90.50% growth inhibition at a concentration of 150 µg/mL with ... used in Northeast Mexican traditional medicine and the methanolic extracts of these species were screened for antiprotozoal ... antiprotozoal agents; 1D- and 2D-NMR data neglected diseases; amoebiasis; Mexican medicinal plants; bioguided isolation; ...
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/12/21044
Aurofac - Anti-bacterial Agents, Antiprotozoals, ATC:J01AA04Aurofac - Anti-bacterial Agents, Antiprotozoals, ATC:J01AA04
For the treatment of infections and to treat acne. It may also be used to treat urinary tract infections, gum disease, and other bacterial infections such as gonorrhea and chlamydia. Lymecycline is also used commonly as a prophylactic treatment for infection by Bacillus anthracis (anthrax). It is also effective against Yersinia pestis and malaria and is also prescribed for the treatment of Lyme disease ...
http://pharmacycode.com/Aurofac.html
Vitamin C | GreenMedInfo | Substance | Natural Medicine | AlternativeVitamin C | GreenMedInfo | Substance | Natural Medicine | Alternative
Antiprotozoal Agents Research. [x] Remove Focus on Antiprotozoal Agents. Filter by Study Type. Animal Study. ...
http://www.greenmedinfo.com/substance/vitamin-c?ed=5208
Drug-induced ocular side effects (Book, 2001) [WorldCat.org]Drug-induced ocular side effects (Book, 2001) [WorldCat.org]
Antifungal agents. Antileprosy agents. Antimalarial agents. Antiprotozoal agents. Antitubercular agents --. 2. Agents affecting ... Antifungal agents. Antileprosy agents. Antimalarial agents. Antiprotozoal agents. Antitubercular agents -- 2. Agents affecting ... Oxytocic agents --. 9. Homeostatic and nutrient agents: Agents used to treat hyperglycemia. Vitamins --. 10. Agents used to ... Oxytocic agents -- 9. Homeostatic and nutrient agents: Agents used to treat hyperglycemia. Vitamins -- 10. Agents used to treat ...
http://www.worldcat.org/title/drug-induced-ocular-side-effects/oclc/44129071
Chloroquine - LiverTox - NCBI BookshelfChloroquine - LiverTox - NCBI Bookshelf
It is also effective in extraintestinal amebiasis and as an antiinflammatory agent for therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and ... Antiprotozoal agents. In, Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. ... Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005; 26: 176-8. [PubMed: 16009537]. (50 year old woman developed jaundice four days after starting ... There does not seem to be cross reactivity to hepatic injury among the various antimalarial agents and switching to other drug ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548224/
Antiprotozoal - WikipediaAntiprotozoal - Wikipedia
"Antiprotozoal Agents: An Overview". Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 8 (4): 345-366. doi:10.2174/ ... Antiprotozoal agents (ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection. Protozoans ... The mechanisms of antiprotozoal drugs differ significantly drug to drug. For example, it appears that eflornithine, a drug used ... Antiprotozoals are used to treat protozoal infections, which include amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiprotozoal
Comparing No Mechanical Bowel Preparation With Oral Antibiotics Alone in Patients Undergoing Elective Colon Surgery - Full Text...Comparing No Mechanical Bowel Preparation With Oral Antibiotics Alone in Patients Undergoing Elective Colon Surgery - Full Text...
Anti-Infective Agents. Anti-Bacterial Agents. Antiprotozoal Agents. Antiparasitic Agents. Protein Synthesis Inhibitors. Enzyme ...
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03663504
Artemisinin-Based Antimalarial Combinations and Clinical Response in Cameroon - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govArtemisinin-Based Antimalarial Combinations and Clinical Response in Cameroon - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Antiprotozoal Agents. Antiparasitic Agents. Anti-Infective Agents. Antifungal Agents. Coccidiostats. Schistosomicides. ... Both compounds are effective as single agents. However, recrudescence is common with artemether and lumefantrine has a slow ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01845701?recr=Open&cond=%22Protozoan+Infections%22&rank=19
Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Dapsone Drug Concentrations - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govEffect of Weight and/or Obesity on Dapsone Drug Concentrations - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Anti-Infective Agents. Antimalarials. Antiprotozoal Agents. Antiparasitic Agents. Folic Acid Antagonists. Enzyme Inhibitors. ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01165840?recr=Open&cond=%22Leprosy%22&rank=7
Chemopreventive Therapy for Malaria in Ugandan Children - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govChemopreventive Therapy for Malaria in Ugandan Children - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Antiprotozoal Agents. Antiparasitic Agents. Anti-Infective Agents. Folic Acid Antagonists. Enzyme Inhibitors. Molecular ... Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary. Renal Agents. Anti-Dyskinesia Agents. Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors. Cytochrome P-450 ... Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Sep;57(9):4245-4251. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00161-13. Epub 2013 Jun 24. ... Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59(6):3018-30. doi: 10.1128/AAC.05141-14. Epub 2015 Mar 9. ...
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00948896
Tafenoquine - LiverTox - NCBI BookshelfTafenoquine - LiverTox - NCBI Bookshelf
Antiprotozoal agents. In, Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. ... There is little information on the susceptibility to hepatic injury among the various antimalarial agents, but caution should ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548428/
Studies on canine leishmaniasis control. 1. Evolution of infection of different clinical forms of canine leishmaniasis...Studies on canine leishmaniasis control. 1. Evolution of infection of different clinical forms of canine leishmaniasis...
Antiprotozoal Agents / therapeutic use * Dog Diseases / prevention & control* * Dogs * Fluorescent Antibody Technique ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3076714/?dopt=Abstract
Fucoidan cures infection with both antimony-susceptible and -resistant strains of Leishmania donovani through Th1 response and...Fucoidan cures infection with both antimony-susceptible and -resistant strains of Leishmania donovani through Th1 response and...
Antiprotozoal Agents / administration & dosage* * Antiprotozoal Agents / pharmacology * Cells, Cultured * Cytokines / ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21393231/
Metronidazole Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.comMetronidazole Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com
Class: Antiprotozoals, Miscellaneous. - Antiprotozoal Agents. VA Class: AM900. CAS Number: 443-48-1. Brands: Flagyl ... Susceptibility of Mobiluncus species to 23 antimicrobial agents and 15 other compounds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987; 31: ... Susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes clinical isolates to 22 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983; 23: ... Antibacterial and antiprotozoal;.152 197 430 494 495 nitroimidazole derivative.494. Uses for Metronidazole Hydrochloride. Bone ...
https://www.drugs.com/monograph/metronidazole-hydrochloride.html
Secnidazole - Drugs.comSecnidazole - Drugs.com
Antiprotozoal agent: Amebicide. Chemical Names. α,2-Dimetyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-etanol (WHO) ...
https://www.drugs.com/international/secnidazole.html
Drug Interactions in Infectious Diseases, Book by Stephen C. Piscitelli (Hardcover) | chapters.indigo.caDrug Interactions in Infectious Diseases, Book by Stephen C. Piscitelli (Hardcover) | chapters.indigo.ca
Non-HIV Antiviral Agents.- Antifungal Agents.- Antimalarial Agents.- Antiprotozoal and Antithelmintic Agents.- Drug ... Antiprotozoal and Antithelmintic Agents10. Glycopeptides and Lipopeptides11. Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides and Miscellaneous ... a valuable text for all practitioners involved in using anti-infective agents...provide[s] insight into the very important ...
https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/drug-interactions-in-infectious-diseases/9781617792120-item.html
Medicinal Chemistry 1 | Università degli Studi di Milano StataleMedicinal Chemistry 1 | Università degli Studi di Milano Statale
Chemotherapeutic agents; Antibiotics; antimycobacterial drugs; antimycotic drugs; antiprotozoal drugs; antiviral agents; ... Steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, estrogens, progestins and androgens) and related therapeutic agents. ...
https://www.unimi.it/en/education/bachelors-degree-programme-courses/medicinal-chemistry-1-10
AntibioticsDiseasesTherapeuticAntimicrobialProtozoaDerivativesOrganismsAntimalarial AgentsNitazoxanideProtozoanAntifungal AgentsMedicinal ChemistrySyntheticAntiviral AgentsInfectionCompoundsEntamoebaParasitesProtozoal infectionsLeishmaniasisOralAmoebiasisAntiparasiticAnaerobicInfectionsAtovaquoneAntipsychoticAntifungalsChloroquineBioactiveMetronidazoleTrophozoitesDrugsNitroimidazolesExtractMetabolismMechanisms of actExtractsPersistDiarrheaDrugAnticancer AgentsHumansCytotoxicActivityBiliary
Antibiotics1
  • Antimicrobial (including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungal and antiprotozoal) agents are critical to fight diseases in humans, animals and plants, but misuse and overuse is making an increasing number of them ineffective. (hindustantimes.com)
Diseases4
  • Some antibacterial agents such as tetracycline, sulpha drugs and doxycycline are also co-administered with some antiprotozoal agents to treat parasitic diseases in humans. (microbiologyclass.com)
  • Vector control for human parasitic infections is also critical to the prevention of a wide variety of parasitic diseases since most of their causative agents are transmitted to humans via insects and other animal carriers through a bite especially when taking blood meal. (microbiologyclass.com)
  • Chloroquine has been replaced by hydroxychloroquine as an antiinflammatory agent in rheumatic diseases, and these are unapproved, off-label uses. (nih.gov)
  • No chemoprophylactic agents are available for any of these diseases. (medscape.com)
Therapeutic2
  • Part 4 'Therapeutic use of antimicrobial agents' provides advice about the treatment of common infections which are described by anatomical. (indigo.ca)
  • However, this clinical mixing, and its in vitro surrogate, has generally been conducted with agents already known to be effective in the therapeutic area of interest, or where there is a clear rationale for the combination. (pnas.org)
Antimicrobial7
  • Antimicrobial agents directed towards the protozoan leave untoward effects in the hosts taking the drug. (microbiologyclass.com)
  • Antiprotozoal agents are antimicrobial agents or drugs used to treat infections caused by parasites in humans. (microbiologyclass.com)
  • Antimicrobial agents are essential for the treatment of life-threatening infections and for managing the burden of minor infections in the community. (indigo.ca)
  • Part 1 'General property of antimicrobial agents' discusses mechanisms of action and resistance to antibacterial, antifungal antiprotozoal, antiviral, and antiviral agents. (indigo.ca)
  • Part 2 'Resistance to antimicrobial agents' provides guidance about the problem of resistance, mechanisms of acquired resistance and genetics of resistance. (indigo.ca)
  • Part 3 'General principles of usage of antimicrobial agents' analyses the use of the laboratory, general principles of the treatment of infection, dosing in special groups (extremes of age, pregnancy, obesity), safe prescribing, prophylaxis and the role of policies in antimicrobial stewardship. (indigo.ca)
  • Its fruit is rich in an antimicrobial agent-2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Protozoa3
  • These factors inclusive of protozoa resistance to some drug influence and reduce the pace of developing newer antiprotozoal agents. (microbiologyclass.com)
  • Because of the side-effects and the resistance that pathogenic protozoa build against the standard antiparasitic drugs, e.g., metronidazole, much recent attention has been paid to plants used in traditional medicine around the world in order to find new antiprotozoal agents. (mdpi.com)
  • Antiprotozoals are drugs that prevent growth of or kill protozoa. (neli.org.uk)
Derivatives3
  • Our company offers the chemical optimization service - synthesis of a unique 1-(aryl-1H-pyrrolyl)(phenyl)methyl-1H-imidazole derivatives for your biological projects, related to developing of antiprotozoal drugs. (innoget.com)
  • Dicationic near-linear biphenyl benzimidazole derivatives as DNA-targeted antiprotozoal agents. (alfa.com)
  • The acute antiprotozoal effect of hederagenin derivatives was more pronounced than that of cholesterol and cholic acid derivatives. (frontiersin.org)
Organisms2
  • Once upon a time protists were considered protozoans, but of late the categorization of unicellar organisms has undergone rapid development, however in literature, including scientific, there tends to persist the usage of the term antiprotozoal when they really mean anti-protist. (wikipedia.org)
  • Agents destructive to the protozoal organisms belonging to the suborder TRYPANOSOMATINA. (labome.org)
Antimalarial Agents3
  • Antimalarial agents. (worldcat.org)
  • There does not seem to be cross reactivity to hepatic injury among the various antimalarial agents and switching to other drug can be done. (nih.gov)
  • There is little information on the susceptibility to hepatic injury among the various antimalarial agents, but caution should be used in switching to other aminoquinolines after clinically apparent liver injury to another member of this class. (nih.gov)
Nitazoxanide2
  • Nitazoxanide is in a class of medications called antiprotozoal agents. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mechanism of action Nitazoxanide, a synthetic antiprotozoal agent. (salespider.com)
Protozoan2
  • These agents are used to treat infections caused by the protozoan T cruzi . (medscape.com)
  • Antiprotozoal agents (ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection. (wikipedia.org)
Antifungal Agents1
Medicinal Chemistry2
  • A recent paper from the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry* showed that authors designed and synthesized a series of imidazole-based compounds structurally related to an antiprotozoal agent with nanomolar activity which they identified recently. (innoget.com)
  • Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
Synthetic3
  • Nithiazide, a synthetic antiprotozoal agent, was first produced in 1961. (inchem.org)
  • Metronidazole is an oral synthetic antiprotozoal and antibacterial agent, 1-(β-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole. (nih.gov)
  • A synthetic salicylamide derivative and antiprotozoal that is active against Cryptosporidium parvum or Giardia lamblia infection, and which appears to also have activity against hepatitis B and hepatitis C. (thefreedictionary.com)
Antiviral Agents1
Infection4
  • The chapter also reviews other major antiprotozoal drugs, including those used for malaria, gastrointestinal protozoal infection, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis. (asmscience.org)
  • Tenofovir is a class of antiretroviral agent, prescribed for HIV infection in combination with other medicines, and chronic hepatitis B in adults. (medindia.net)
  • However, infection with this agent is uncommon. (rehydrate.org)
  • these latter features suggest infection with a bacterial agent that invades the intestinal mucosa (such as C. jejuni or Shigella ), but alone are not sufficient to diagnose dysentery. (rehydrate.org)
Compounds4
  • Imidazole-based compounds show good antiprotozoal activity. (innoget.com)
  • Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extracts from these two plants afforded carvacrol ( 1 ) and chalepensin ( 2 ), respectively, as bioactive compounds with antiprotozoal activity. (mdpi.com)
  • Andrographis contains compounds which have antiprotozoal activity. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Alkylating agents, antimetabolities, hormones and other antineoplastic compounds. (edu.sa)
Entamoeba3
  • Antiprotozoal Activity against Entamoeba histolytica of Plants Used in Northeast Mexican Traditional Medicine. (mdpi.com)
  • Protozoans have little in common with each other (for example, Entamoeba histolytica, a unikont eukaryotic organism, is more closely related to Homo sapiens, which belongs to the unikont phylogenetic group, than it is to Naegleria fowleri, a bikont eukaryotic organism) and so agents effective against one pathogen may not be effective against another. (wikipedia.org)
  • To verify whether Thymus vulgaris also has antiprotozoal activity against Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. (scirp.org)
Parasites1
  • Mosquitoes are a vector agent that carries mosquito-borne disease, transmitting viruses and parasites from person to person without catching the disease themselves. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Protozoal infections1
  • Antiprotozoals are used to study the various complications of protozoal infections. (scbt.com)
Leishmaniasis1
  • For example, it appears that eflornithine, a drug used to treat trypanosomiasis, inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, while the aminoglycoside antibiotic/antiprotozoals used to treat leishmaniasis are thought to inhibit protein synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Oral2
  • Outpatient medications: Oral antiprotozoal therapy is usually administered at home. (medscape.com)
  • Entecavir is an oral antiviral agent, prescribed for hepatitis B. (medindia.net)
Amoebiasis1
  • This medication is an anti-protozoal agent, prescribed for intestinal amoebiasis. (medindia.net)
Antiparasitic1
  • These antiparasitic agents are important both for therapy of individual patients and for control of parasitic infections at the community level. (asmscience.org)
Anaerobic1
  • Metronidazole is an antiprotozoal and anaerobic antibacterial agent. (dermnetnz.org)
Infections5
  • The similarity in their cellular structures has limited the number of available antiprotozoal agents used for treating some parasitic infections in humans. (microbiologyclass.com)
  • Of great importance is the fact that most of these agents used for treating parasitic infections are toxic in humans, and this has limited their use for treatment. (microbiologyclass.com)
  • Humans depend largely on their immune system to fight certain parasitic infections aside the use of some antiprotozoal agents to manage the situation. (microbiologyclass.com)
  • The most common agents associated with gastrointestinal infections are the bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella spp. (scirp.org)
  • Metronidazole is a broad spectrum antibiotic and antiprotozoal agent with anti-inflammatory properties that is prescribed for the treatment of a large number of bacterial infections in cats and dogs. (lambertvetsupply.com)
Atovaquone1
  • Atovaquone, an antiprotozoal and antipneumocystic agent, is predominantly cleared by biliary excretion of unchanged parent drug. (aspetjournals.org)
Antipsychotic1
Antifungals1
Chloroquine1
  • However, if pfmdr-1 en- codes a transport protein that promotes the uptake of chloroquine into the digestive vac- uole, it differenh be ai-gued that decreased expres- sion of pfmdr~l would give rise to resistance. (oilforexprofits.com)
Bioactive1
  • 2 Using Connectivity Map, 3 which combines the resistance gene expression signature with a database of expression profiles of bioactive small molecules, we identified several molecules as agents potentially able to reverse resistance to PUVA with or without interferon-α therapy. (haematologica.org)
Metronidazole4
  • Carcinogenicity has been seen in mice and rats treated chronically with metronidazole, another nitroimidazole agent ( 13.1 ). (nih.gov)
  • Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal agent with for dogs and cats. (lambertvetsupply.com)
  • Known or previously unrecognized candidiasis may present more prominent symptoms during therapy with Metronidazole and requires treatment with a candicidal agent. (lambertvetsupply.com)
  • Metronidazole (C 6 H 9 N 3 O 3 ) is an antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent that has gained widespread use as a drug . (everything2.com)
Trophozoites2
  • We collected 32 plants used in Northeast Mexican traditional medicine and the methanolic extracts of these species were screened for antiprotozoal activity against E. histolytica trophozoites using in vitro tests. (mdpi.com)
  • The methanol extract fraction containing ursolic acid obtained from Thymus vulgaris has antiprotozoal activity against G. lamblia and T. vaginalis trophozoites. (scirp.org)
Drugs3
  • Therefore, there is an speedy need to develop new antiprotozoal drugs. (innoget.com)
  • There are a number of effective antiprotozoal and anthelmintic drugs currently available. (asmscience.org)
  • The mechanisms of antiprotozoal drugs differ significantly drug to drug. (wikipedia.org)
Nitroimidazoles1
  • For the group of 110 patients, regimens combining (the already failed) nitroimidazoles with other agents led to a cure rate of 86.1% ( Table 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Extract1
  • The antiprotozoal activity of the methanol extract and its fractions were evaluated comparing growth in cultures with and without extracts. (scirp.org)
Metabolism1
  • Juliana Quero Reimão, Juliana Tonini Mesquita, Daiane Dias Ferreira, and Andre Gustavo Tempone, "Investigation of Calcium Channel Blockers as Antiprotozoal Agents and Their Interference in the Metabolism of Leishmania (L.) infantum ," Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine , vol. 2016, Article ID 1523691, 9 pages, 2016. (hindawi.com)
Mechanisms of act2
  • Because there is so much variation between protozoal species, antiprotozoals can be highly specific and rely on differing mechanisms of action. (scbt.com)
  • Numerous clinical trials evaluating novel chemotherapeutic agents derived from marine sources have revealed novel mechanisms of action. (nih.gov)
Extracts2
  • Plants or their extracts with high concentrations of saponins appear to have the potential to act as natural antiprotozoal agents ( Patra and Saxena, 2009a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • George Shibumon, Benny PJ, Kuriakose Sunny, George Cincy, Gopalakrishnan Sarala (2011) "Antiprotozoal activity of 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid isolated from the fruit extracts of Flacourtia inermis Roxb" Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries.3(3):237- 241. (wikipedia.org)
Persist1
  • We postulated that the substitution of the sugar moiety of the saponin with small polar residues would produce sapogen-like analogs which might be resistant to degradation in the rumen as they would not be enzymatically cleaved, allowing the antiprotozoal effect to persist over time. (frontiersin.org)
Diarrhea1
Drug1
  • This drug is classified as an antiprotozoal or anthelminitic. (encyclopedia.com)
Anticancer Agents1
  • Endovascular chemoembolization is the method of simultaneously administer- ing into the blood vessel of the tumor tissue the vascular occlusion materials and anti- tumor agents that block the supply of nutrients to diffeerent tumor tissue as well type contribute cytotoxic action stick the anticancer agents. (oilforexprofits.com)
Humans1
  • Benznidazole crosses the placenta, but there are minimal data regarding teratogenic effects of either agent in either animals or humans. (asmscience.org)
Cytotoxic2
  • The present invention relates to the use of certain osmium containing complexes such as cytotoxic agents particularly for the treatment of cancer. (patents.com)
  • Cytotoxic agents. (helsinki.fi)
Activity2
  • showed the more significant antiprotozoal activity (91.54% and 90.50% growth inhibition at a concentration of 150 µg/mL with IC 50 values of 59.14 and 60.07 µg/mL, respectively). (mdpi.com)
  • Antiprotozoal activity of Turkish Origanum onites essential oil and its components. (greenmedinfo.com)
Biliary1
  • Ursodeoxycholic Acid is a biliary agent, prescribed for gallstones. (medindia.net)