Antioxidant response elements. Medical search

Nucleotide sequences that are found in the PROMOTER REGIONS of the genes of stress-responsive and cytoprotective proteins, such as those encoding antioxidant and PHASE II DETOXIFICATION enzymes. NF-E2-RELATED FACTOR 2 containing transcription factors bind to these elements during induction of these genes.

A basic-leucine zipper transcription factor that was originally described as a transcriptional regulator controlling expression of the BETA-GLOBIN gene. It may regulate the expression of a wide variety of genes that play a role in protecting cells from oxidative damage.

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions.

A flavoprotein that reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of NADH or NADPH by various quinones and oxidation-reduction dyes. The enzyme is inhibited by dicoumarol, capsaicin, and caffeine.

MafG is a ubiquitously expressed small maf protein that is involved in CELL DIFFERENTIATION of ERYTHROCYTES. It dimerizes with P45 NF-E2 PROTEIN and activates expression of ALPHA-GLOBIN and BETA-GLOBIN.

One of the enzymes active in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. It catalyzes the synthesis of gamma-glutamylcysteine from glutamate and cysteine in the presence of ATP with the formation of ADP and orthophosphate. EC 6.3.2.2.

Organic compounds with the general formula R-NCS.

Organic derivatives of thiocyanic acid which contain the general formula R-SCN.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308)

A transcription factor that controls the expression of variety of proteins including CYTOCHROME C and 5-AMINOLEVULINATE SYNTHETASE. It plays an important role in maintenance of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN of MITOCHONDRIA.

A ubiquitous stress-responsive enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of HEME to yield IRON; CARBON MONOXIDE; and BILIVERDIN.

A small Maf protein involved in differentiation of ERYTHROID CELLS. MafK was originally described as the small subunit of the NF-E2 Transcription Factor, but other small MAF PROTEINS also serve as NF-E2 subunits.

A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

A basic-leucine zipper transcription factor that is involved in regulating inflammatory responses, MORPHOGENESIS, and HEME biosynthesis.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

A family of transcription factors that control expression of a variety of nuclear GENES encoding proteins that function in the RESPIRATORY CHAIN of the MITOCHONDRIA.

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Alternatives to the use of animals in research, testing, and education. The alternatives may include reduction in the number of animals used, replacement of animals with a non-animal model or with animals of a species lower phylogenetically, or refinement of methods to minimize pain and distress of animals used.

Maf proto-oncogene protein is the major cellular homolog of the V-MAF ONCOGENE PROTEIN. It was the first of the mammalian MAF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS identified, and it is induced in activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of INTERLEUKIN-4. c-maf is frequently translocated to an immunoglobulin locus in MULTIPLE MYELOMA.

Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

SESQUITERPENES cyclized into two adjoining rings, one being 7-carbons and the other is 5-carbons.

An aromatic perennial plant species that has been used to treat migraines, arthritis, and as a febrifuge. It contains TANNINS, volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), and sesquiterpene lactones, especially parthenolide.

Mixture of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenols that is used as an antioxidant in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION).

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

DNA-binding motifs formed from two alpha-helixes which intertwine for about eight turns into a coiled coil and then bifurcate to form Y shaped structures. Leucines occurring in heptad repeats end up on the same sides of the helixes and are adjacent to each other in the stem of the Y (the "zipper" region). The DNA-binding residues are located in the bifurcated region of the Y.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Organic compounds containing a BENZENE ring attached to a flavone group. Some of these are potent arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors. They may also inhibit the binding of NUCLEIC ACIDS to BENZOPYRENES and related compounds. The designation includes all isomers; the 7,8-isomer is most frequently encountered.

A human liver tumor cell line used to study a variety of liver-specific metabolic functions.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A flavoprotein that reversibly oxidizes NADPH to NADP and a reduced acceptor. EC 1.6.99.1.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A large superfamily of transcription factors that contain a region rich in BASIC AMINO ACID residues followed by a LEUCINE ZIPPER domain.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The process by which chemical compounds provide protection to cells against harmful agents.

A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerize in order to bind to the AP-1 recognition site, also known as the TPA-responsive element (TRE). AP-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes.

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to water and oxygen. It is present in many animal cells. A deficiency of this enzyme results in ACATALASIA.

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide. EC 1.15.1.1.

A pentacyclic triterpene that occurs widely in many PLANTS as the free acid or the aglycone for many SAPONINS. It is biosynthesized from lupane. It can rearrange to the isomer, ursolic acid, or be oxidized to taraxasterol and amyrin.

A mixed function oxidase enzyme which during hemoglobin catabolism catalyzes the degradation of heme to ferrous iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin in the presence of molecular oxygen and reduced NADPH. The enzyme is induced by metals, particularly cobalt. EC 1.14.99.3.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Gated transport mechanisms by which proteins or RNA are moved across the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.

A protein that has been shown to function as a calcium-regulated transcription factor as well as a substrate for depolarization-activated CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. This protein functions to integrate both calcium and cAMP signals.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

An enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of 2 moles of glutathione in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to yield oxidized glutathione and water. EC 1.11.1.9.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

A broad category of carrier proteins that play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They generally contain several modular domains, each of which having its own binding activity, and act by forming complexes with other intracellular-signaling molecules. Signal-transducing adaptor proteins lack enzyme activity, however their activity can be modulated by other signal-transducing enzymes

Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

The N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates.

A DNA sequence that is found in the promoter region of many growth-related genes. The regulatory transcription factor SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR binds to and regulates the activity of genes containing this element.

A group of compounds with an 8-carbon ring. They may be saturated or unsaturated.

A plant species of the family VACCINIUM.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

A peroxiredoxin that is a cytosolic bifunctional enzyme. It functions as a peroxiredoxin via a single redox-active cysteine and also contains a Ca2+-independent acidic phospholipase A2 activity.

An electrophoretic technique for assaying the binding of one compound to another. Typically one compound is labeled to follow its mobility during electrophoresis. If the labeled compound is bound by the other compound, then the mobility of the labeled compound through the electrophoretic medium will be retarded.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Proteins in the nucleus or cytoplasm that specifically bind RETINOIC ACID or RETINOL and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Retinoic acid receptors, like steroid receptors, are ligand-activated transcription regulators. Several types have been recognized.

Catalyzes the oxidation of GLUTATHIONE to GLUTATHIONE DISULFIDE in the presence of NADP+. Deficiency in the enzyme is associated with HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA. Formerly listed as EC 1.6.4.2.

Cyclic AMP response element modulator is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that is regulated by CYCLIC AMP. It plays an important role in SPERMATID development in the mammalian TESTIS.

A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.

Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.

A subtype of RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS that are specific for 9-cis-retinoic acid which function as nuclear TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that regulate multiple signaling pathways.

A small maf protein that forms dimers with NRF1 protein; NRF2 PROTEIN; and P45 NF-E2 PROTEIN. MafF complexes bind Maf recognition elements to regulate tissue-specific GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.

The dialdehyde of malonic acid.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.

A DNA sequence that is found in the promoter region of vitamin D regulated genes. Vitamin D receptor (RECEPTOR, CALCITRIOL) binds to and regulates the activity of genes containing this element.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.

Specific high affinity binding proteins for THYROID HORMONES in target cells. They are usually found in the nucleus and regulate DNA transcription. These receptors are activated by hormones that leads to transcription, cell differentiation, and growth suppression. Thyroid hormone receptors are encoded by two genes (GENES, ERBA): erbA-alpha and erbA-beta for alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors, respectively.

A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-fos genes (GENES, FOS). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. c-fos combines with c-jun (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-JUN) to form a c-fos/c-jun heterodimer (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1) that binds to the TRE (TPA-responsive element) in promoters of certain genes.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

One of the enzymes active in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. It catalyzes the synthesis of glutathione from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine in the presence of ATP with the formation of ADP and orthophosphate. EC 6.3.2.3.

A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.

A plant species of the genus IPOMOEA, family CONVOLVULACEAE. An abundance of spontaneous mutants makes it useful in study of PLANT DNA and GENETICS.

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-jun genes (GENES, JUN). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. There appear to be three distinct functions: dimerization (with c-fos), DNA-binding, and transcriptional activation. Oncogenic transformation can take place by constitutive expression of c-jun.

A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A MADS domain-containing transcription factor that binds to the SERUM RESPONSE ELEMENT in the promoter-enhancer region of many genes. It is one of the four founder proteins that structurally define the superfamily of MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS.

Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.

A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

Cytoplasmic proteins that specifically bind glucocorticoids and mediate their cellular effects. The glucocorticoid receptor-glucocorticoid complex acts in the nucleus to induce transcription of DNA. Glucocorticoids were named for their actions on blood glucose concentration, but they have equally important effects on protein and fat metabolism. Cortisol is the most important example.

Low-molecular-weight end products, probably malondialdehyde, that are formed during the decomposition of lipid peroxidation products. These compounds react with thiobarbituric acid to form a fluorescent red adduct.

A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

Reduction of pharmacologic activity or toxicity of a drug or other foreign substance by a living system, usually by enzymatic action. It includes those metabolic transformations that make the substance more soluble for faster renal excretion.

Substances that comprise all matter. Each element is made up of atoms that are identical in number of electrons and protons and in nuclear charge, but may differ in mass or number of neutrons.

Compounds containing the -SH radical.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A computer based method of simulating or analyzing the behavior of structures or components.

Compounds based on fumaric acid.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Inorganic salts or organic esters of arsenious acid.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).

Proteins found usually in the cytoplasm or nucleus that specifically bind steroid hormones and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. The steroid receptor-steroid hormone complex regulates the transcription of specific genes.

A member of the p300-CBP transcription factor family that was initially identified as a binding partner for CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN. Mutations in CREB-binding protein are associated with RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI SYNDROME.

Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.

A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.

Nucleotide sequences of a gene that are involved in the regulation of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

The Alu sequence family (named for the restriction endonuclease cleavage enzyme Alu I) is the most highly repeated interspersed repeat element in humans (over a million copies). It is derived from the 7SL RNA component of the SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE and contains an RNA polymerase III promoter. Transposition of this element into coding and regulatory regions of genes is responsible for many heritable diseases.

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.

A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.

Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (fos) originally isolated from the Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins (FBJ-MSV) and Finkel-Biskis-Reilly (FBR-MSV) murine sarcoma viruses. The proto-oncogene protein c-fos codes for a nuclear protein which is involved in growth-related transcriptional control. The insertion of c-fos into FBJ-MSV or FBR-MSV induces osteogenic sarcomas in mice. The human c-fos gene is located at 14q21-31 on the long arm of chromosome 14.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The region of DNA which borders the 5' end of a transcription unit and where a variety of regulatory sequences are located.

A large class of organic compounds having more than one PHENOL group.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical.

Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the GC box, one of the upstream promoter elements, in mammalian cells. The binding of Sp1 is necessary for the initiation of transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral GENES.

A method for determining the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins. DNA footprinting utilizes a DNA damaging agent (either a chemical reagent or a nuclease) which cleaves DNA at every base pair. DNA cleavage is inhibited where the ligand binds to DNA. (from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A large multisubunit complex that plays an important role in the degradation of most of the cytosolic and nuclear proteins in eukaryotic cells. It contains a 700-kDa catalytic sub-complex and two 700-kDa regulatory sub-complexes. The complex digests ubiquitinated proteins and protein activated via ornithine decarboxylase antizyme.

A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)

The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. Prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect HOMEOSTASIS of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions.

A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A cell line generated from human embryonic kidney cells that were transformed with human adenovirus type 5.

The act of ligating UBIQUITINS to PROTEINS to form ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes to label proteins for transport to the PROTEASOME ENDOPEPTIDASE COMPLEX where proteolysis occurs.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

A di-tert-butyl PHENOL with antioxidant properties.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

Highly repeated sequences, 6K-8K base pairs in length, which contain RNA polymerase II promoters. They also have an open reading frame that is related to the reverse transcriptase of retroviruses but they do not contain LTRs (long terminal repeats). Copies of the LINE 1 (L1) family form about 15% of the human genome. The jockey elements of Drosophila are LINEs.

The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.

The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of a polyisoprene backbone.

HIV-1 gp120 induces antioxidant response element-mediated expression in primary astrocytes: role in HIV associated neurocognitive disorder. (1/39)

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Polyphenols, isothiocyanates, and carotenoid derivatives enhance estrogenic activity in bone cells but inhibit it in breast cancer cells. (2/39)

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Epigallocatechin gallate induces expression of heme oxygenase-1 in endothelial cells via p38 MAPK and Nrf-2 that suppresses proinflammatory actions of TNF-alpha. (3/39)

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Regulatory role of KEAP1 and NRF2 in PPARgamma expression and chemoresistance in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells. (4/39)

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The Nrf2-ARE pathway: a valuable therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. (5/39)

Modulation of NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been shown in several neurodegenerative disorders. The overexpression of Nrf2 has become a potential therapeutic avenue for various neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. The expression of phase II detoxification enzymes is governed by the cis-acting regulatory element known as antioxidant response element (ARE). The transcription factor Nrf2 binds to ARE thereby transcribing multitude of antioxidant genes. Keap1, a culin 3-based E3 ligase that targets Nrf2 for degradation, sequesters Nrf2 in cytoplasm. Disruption of Keap1-Nrf2 interaction or genetic overexpression of Nrf2 can increase the endogenous antioxidant capacity of the brain thereby rendering protection against oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders. This review primarily focuses on recent patents that target Nrf2 overexpression as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. (+info)

Up-regulation of human prostaglandin reductase 1 improves the efficacy of hydroxymethylacylfulvene, an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent. (6/39)

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Activation of antioxidant response element in mouse primary cortical cultures with sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Tanacetum parthenium. (7/39)

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Molecular basis of electrophilic and oxidative defense: promises and perils of Nrf2. (8/39)

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... proteins negatively regulate antioxidant response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of the NAD(P)H:Quinone ... The latter DNA sequences have been recognized as antioxidant/electrophile response elements or NF-E2-binding motifs to which ... Nguyen T, Huang HC, Pickett CB (May 2000). "Transcriptional regulation of the antioxidant response element. Activation by Nrf2 ... "An Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAFK

Role of AP1 binding site contained within human antioxidant response element". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (21): 15097-104. doi:10.1016/ ... Furthermore, reduced forms of ubiquinone and vitamin E quinone have been shown to possess antioxidant properties that are ... External (via chemicals) and internal (stress response or caloric restriction) induction of NQO1 is mediated solely through the ... Dinkova-Kostova AT, Talalay P (2010). "NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), a multifunctional antioxidant enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAD(P)H_dehydrogenase_(quinone_1)

... proteins negatively regulate antioxidant response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of the NAD(P)H:Quinone ... Mouse Mafg gene is induced by Nrf2-sMaf heterodimers through an antioxidant response element (ARE) at the promoter proximal ... The latter DNA sequences have been recognized as antioxidant/electrophile response elements or NF-E2-binding motifs to which ... "An Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAFG

3). The latter DNA sequences have been recognized as antioxidant/electrophile response elements or NF-E2-binding motifs, to ... Katsuoka, F (2005). "Genetic evidence that small maf proteins are essential for the activation of antioxidant response element- ... Katsuoka, F (2005). "Nrf2 transcriptionally activates the mafG gene through an antioxidant response element". J. Biol. Chem. ... "An Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Maf

Nguyen T, Nioi P, Pickett CB (May 2009). "The Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway and its activation by ... The 3′-UTR often contains microRNA response elements (MREs). MREs are sequences to which miRNAs bind. These are prevalent ... Los M, Maddika S, Erb B, Schulze-Osthoff K (May 2009). "Switching Akt: from survival signaling to deadly response". BioEssays. ... Gene expression in mammals is regulated by many cis-regulatory elements, including core promoters and promoter-proximal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_expression

Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK (Dec 1998). "Nrf2 and Nrf1 in association with Jun proteins regulate antioxidant response element- ... "Nrf1 and Nrf2 play distinct roles in activation of antioxidant response element-dependent genes". The Journal of Biological ... bounce-back response) in response to proteasome inhibition. This compensatory up-regulation of proteasome genes in response to ... NFE2L1 is a key regulator of cellular functions including oxidative stress response, differentiation, inflammatory response, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFE2L1

... around 10 kb upstream and 1 kb downstream of Klf9 transcription start site contain conserved antioxidant response elements ( ... Nrf2 is a major regulator of the antioxidant response to ROS within the cell. Klf9 is upregulated by Nrf2; when oxidative ... The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that binds to GC box elements located in the promoter. Binding of ... Previously known as Basic Transcription Element Binding Protein 1 (BTEB Protein 1), Klf9 is part of the Sp1 C2H2-type zinc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLF9

"In vitro and in vivo regulation of antioxidant response element-dependent gene expression by estrogens". Endocrinology. 145 (1 ... Colon cells with reduced ability to undergo apoptosis in response to DNA damage would tend to accumulate mutations, and such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogen

A functional antioxidant response element in the 8th intron of the human ABCC3 gene appears responsible for Nrf2-mediated ... "Identification of a Functional Antioxidant Response Element within the Eighth Intron of the Human ABCC3 Gene". Drug Metabolism ... ABCC3 is induced as a hepatoprotective response to a variety of pathologic liver conditions. The constitutive androstane ... induction in response to oxidative stress. Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCC3

"An Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements ... "Genetic evidence that small maf proteins are essential for the activation of antioxidant response element-dependent genes". ... mafG and mafK expression by electrophile-response-element activators". The Biochemical Journal. 361 (Pt 2): 371-7. doi:10.1042/ ... Nrf2-sMaf heterodimer regulates a battery of cytoprotective genes, such as antioxidant/xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme genes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAFF_(gene)

In vitro, NRF2 binds to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in the promoter regions of genes encoding cytoprotective proteins ... Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK (December 1998). "Nrf2 and Nrf1 in association with Jun proteins regulate antioxidant response element- ... and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the upstream promoter region of many antioxidative genes, and initiates ... "Nrf1 and Nrf2 positively and c-Fos and Fra1 negatively regulate the human antioxidant response element-mediated expression of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFE2L2

"Nrf3 negatively regulates antioxidant-response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of NAD(P)H:quinone ... Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK (December 1998). "Nrf2 and Nrf1 in association with Jun proteins regulate antioxidant response element- ... factors to bind antioxidant response elements in target genes. RNA microarray data has shown NRF3's involvement in various ... Hayes JD, McMahon M (December 2001). "Molecular basis for the contribution of the antioxidant responsive element to cancer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFE2L3

Some lines of investigation are focused on the application of D. radiodurans antioxidant systems in human cells to prevent ROS ... Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 50: 465-473. doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.02.001. PMID 29449107. Pavlov AK, ... "A Model for Manganese interaction with Deinococcus radiodurans proteome network involved in ROS response and defense". ... Michael Daly has suggested the bacterium uses manganese complexes as antioxidants to protect itself against radiation damage. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deinococcus_radiodurans

Natsch, Andreas; Emter, Roger (2007). "Skin Sensitizers Induce Antioxidant Response Element Dependent Genes: Application to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Kraft

Mulcahy RT, Gipp JJ (Apr 1995). "Identification of a putative antioxidant response element in the 5'-flanking region of the ... "Human glutamate cysteine ligase gene regulation through the electrophile response element". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 37 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCLC

"Nitric oxide-induced transcriptional up-regulation of protective genes by Nrf2 via the antioxidant response element counteracts ... "Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain ... "Synergistic transcriptional activation by hGABP and select members of the activation transcription factor/cAMP response element ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABPA

A carbohydrate-response element (ChoRE) is responsible for regulating glycolytic enzyme gene expression in response to changing ... Lactate, as an antioxidant, may act to scrub down the levels of reactive oxygen species thus enhancing resistance to radiation ... A lactate-sensitive response element for genes in fibroblasts involved in hyaluronan metabolism has been identified. Finally, ... GLUT1 levels, in response to hypoxic conditions, have been shown to increase with changes at both the mRNA and protein levels. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_hypoxia

"Functional characterization and role of INrf2 in antioxidant response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of ... Keap1 has been shown to interact with Nrf2, a master regulator of the antioxidant response, which is important for the ... Bloom DA, Jaiswal AK (November 2003). "Phosphorylation of Nrf2 at Ser40 by protein kinase C in response to antioxidants leads ... not required for Nrf2 stabilization/accumulation in the nucleus and transcriptional activation of antioxidant response element- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEAP1

Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK (1999). "Nrf2 and Nrf1 in association with Jun proteins regulate antioxidant response element-mediated ... factor jun-B is a transcription factor involved in regulating gene activity following the primary growth factor response. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JUNB

Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK (December 1998). "Nrf2 and Nrf1 in association with Jun proteins regulate antioxidant response element- ... This includes the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), the phosphorylation of which induces its association with the ... "Isolation and characterization of a novel member of the gene family encoding the cAMP response element-binding protein CRE-BP1 ... This is known to occur on many genes including fosB and c-fos in response to psychostimulant exposure. ΔFosB is also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_c-Fos

Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK (1998). "Nrf2 and Nrf1 in association with Jun proteins regulate antioxidant response element-mediated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JunD

Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK (December 1998). "Nrf2 and Nrf1 in association with Jun proteins regulate antioxidant response element- ... Kara CJ, Liou HC, Ivashkiv LB, Glimcher LH (April 1990). "A cDNA for a human cyclic AMP response element-binding protein which ... "Isolation and characterization of a novel member of the gene family encoding the cAMP response element-binding protein CRE-BP1 ... c-Jun, in combination with protein c-Fos, forms the AP-1 early response transcription factor. It was first identified as the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_Jun

"Nrf1 and Nrf2 positively and c-Fos and Fra1 negatively regulate the human antioxidant response element-mediated expression of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRF1

IFN-stimulated response elements (ISREs) Calcium-response element CaRE1 Antioxidant response element (ARE) p53 response element ... Retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) ROR-response element Thyroid hormone response element Growth hormone response element ( ... androgen response elements (AREs) Glucocorticoid response element (GRE) cAMP response element (CRE) B recognition element AhR ... Examples of HREs include estrogen response elements and androgen response elements. Examples of response elements include: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response_element

... elements and the allergic-response ("false alarm") elements within the immune system. Some studies also suggest that the ... suggesting that consumption of antioxidants, certain lipids, and/or a Mediterranean diet may help to prevent atopic diseases. A ... In addition, several studies have documented that an IgE-mediated response to S. aureus is present in people with atopic eczema ... Atopy is the tendency to produce an exaggerated immunoglobulin E (IgE) immune response to otherwise harmless substances in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atopy

... factor that is able to regulate the expression of electrophilic response elements as well as antioxidants in response to ... mTORC1 interacts at the Ragulator-Rag complex on the surface of the lysosome in response to amino acid levels in the cell. Even ... December 2004). "Regulation of mTOR function in response to hypoxia by REDD1 and the TSC1/TSC2 tumor suppressor complex". Genes ... Śledź KM, Moore SF, Durrant TN, Blair TA, Hunter RW, Hers I. Rapamycin restrains platelet procoagulant responses via FKBP- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTORC1

Iodine is an essential trace element in biological systems. It has the distinction of being the heaviest element commonly ... It has been shown to act as an antioxidant and antiproliferant in various tissues that can uptake iodine. Molecular iodine (I2 ... Eskin, Bernard A.; Grotkowski, Carolyn E.; Connolly, Christopher P.; Ghent, William R. (1995). "Different tissue responses for ... Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements Calcium in biology - Use of calcium by organisms Magnesium in biology - Use of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine_in_biology

2000). "Increased binding activity at an antioxidant-responsive element in the metallothionein-1 promoter and rapid induction ... of metallothionein-1 and -2 in response to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion". J. Neurosci. 20 (14): 5200-7. doi:10.1523/ ... Richarz AN, Brätter P (2002). "Speciation analysis of trace elements in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallothionein_1A

This causes the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated response pathway to induce antioxidant responses. ... which stimulates transcription directed by xenobiotic response elements. AhR ligands can induce formation of an AhR-estrogen ... Due to the influence of the compound on the central nervous system, its responses and change in response are compared. It is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylcholanthrene

In general, the A-boxes bind to Pdx1 factors, E-boxes bind to NeuroD, C-boxes bind to MafA, and cAMP response elements to CREB ... The decreased binding activities can be mediated by glucose induced oxidative stress and antioxidants are said to prevent the ... An insulin spike is a 'first response' to blood glucose increase, this response is individual and dose specific although it was ... Beta cells are sensitive to blood sugar levels so that they secrete insulin into the blood in response to high level of glucose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin

Vertuani S, Angusti A, Manfredini S (2004). "The antioxidants and pro-antioxidants network: an overview". Current ... Inorganic elements play critical roles in metabolism; some are abundant (e.g. sodium and potassium) while others function at ... Firstly, the regulation of an enzyme in a pathway is how its activity is increased and decreased in response to signals. ... The abundant inorganic elements act as electrolytes. The most important ions are sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

... inflammatory responses and autoimmune diseases, and systemic DNA damage responses leading to malignancies. Several experimental ... Karin, M; Delhase, M (2000). "The I kappa B kinase (IKK) and NF-kappa B: Key elements of proinflammatory signalling". Seminars ... Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 21 (17): 2322-43. doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5823. PMC 4241867. PMID 25133688. Wang ZV, Hill JA (Feb ... UPS proteolysis plays a major role in responses of cancer cells to stimulatory signals that are critical for the development of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD7

Retrieved 1 May 2016.[page needed] Lewis KN, Andziak B, Yang T, Buffenstein R (October 2013). "The naked mole-rat response to ... Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud C (September 2013). "Antioxidant supplements to prevent mortality". JAMA. 310 (11): 1178-9. doi ... New Insights on Genomic Diversity and Dynamism of Coding Genes and Accessory Elements". Frontiers in Microbiology. 12: 3733. ... and concluded that antioxidant supplements do not reduce all-cause mortality nor extend lifespan, while some of them, such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA

In 1974 the National Academy of Sciences declared zinc to be an essential element for humans and established a recommended ... January 2008). "Taste acuity in response to zinc supplementation in older Europeans". The British Journal of Nutrition. 99 (1 ... such as intracellular zinc compartmentalization and antioxidant function. Thus zinc deficiency results in disruption of ... Prasad AS (June 2012). "Discovery of human zinc deficiency: 50 years later". Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_deficiency

... which are necessary for metabolic functions and antioxidant responses. Manganese plays a significant role in host defense, ... ISBN 978-94-007-5560-4. Aggett PJ (August 1985). "Physiology and metabolism of essential trace elements: an outline". Clinics ... Wang M, Zheng Q, Shen Q, Guo S (April 2013). "The critical role of potassium in plant stress response". International Journal ... It has also been shown that sodium affects immune response both in efficiency and speed. Macrophages have increased ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometal_(biology)

PG directly binds with and activates PPARγ thereby inducing the transcription of genes containing the PPARγ response element. ... adducts with KEAP1 cysteines 273 and 288 thereby blocking its ability to suppress activation of Nrf2's induction of antioxidant ... 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2, Δ12-PGJ2, PGJ2 and, in fewer studies, PGA2 and PGA1 inhibit the inflammatory response and tissue damage ... It (they) regulates signaling by: a) inhibiting the STAT3-Janus kinase pathway to block cellular pro-inflammatory responses; b ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopentenone_prostaglandins

... inflammatory responses and autoimmune diseases, and systemic DNA damage responses leading to malignancies. Several experimental ... Karin M, Delhase M (Feb 2000). "The I kappa B kinase (IKK) and NF-kappa B: key elements of proinflammatory signalling". ... Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 21 (17): 2322-43. doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5823. PMC 4241867. PMID 25133688. Wang ZV, Hill JA (Feb ... UPS proteolysis plays a major role in responses of cancer cells to stimulatory signals that are critical for the development of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMB3

The AP-1 binding site was identified as the 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) response element (TRE) with the ... Yokoo T, Kitamura M (May 1996). "Antioxidant PDTC induces stromelysin expression in mesangial cells via a tyrosine kinase-AP-1 ... "The activity of a highly promiscuous AP-1 element can be confined to neurons by a tissue-selective repressive element". The ... C-fos has also been shown to increase in expression in response to the introduction of growth factors in the cell, further ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP-1_transcription_factor

Iyama T, Wilson DM (2016). "Elements That Regulate the DNA Damage Response of Proteins Defective in Cockayne Syndrome". J. Mol ... Ames, B. N.; Shigenaga, M. K.; Hagen, T. M. (September 1993). "Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging ... Many authors have noted an association between defects in the DNA damage response and premature aging (see e.g.). If a DNA ... Dominick G, Bowman J, Li X, Miller RA, Garcia GG (2017). "mTOR regulates the expression of DNA damage response enzymes in long- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_damage_theory_of_aging

Antioxidants combat the effects that free radicals cause. It appears that foods that are high in antioxidants can provide the ... While not a true element of diet, chewing on a piece of gum may also help to improve certain elements of episodic and working ... This over-response of the central nervous system to stress therefore causes maladaptive chronic stress-like effects to memory ... Plant foods have antioxidants and seem to be more effective than their supplemental drug counterparts most likely because of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_improvement

The antioxidant effect of Coenzyme Q10 alleviates systemic inflammation and improves the symptoms and survival of heart failure ... AC with 0 elements, 1952 births, Living people, Spanish biologists, Cell biologists, University of Seville alumni, Pablo de ... produced favorable responses in children with autism. Professors Crane, Navas, and Gvozdjáková hypothesized that autism is ... Professor Navas emphasized the main functions of Coenzyme Q10 as an electron carrier in respiratory chain and as an antioxidant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plácido_Navas_Lloret

doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00165-3 Fabiane Farina (2010): "Glycemic and urinary volume responses in diabetic mellitus rats ... Likewise, the scientific name "lycocarpum" is formed from Latinized Greek elements "lyco-", meaning "wolf", and "carpum" ... Hill and Solanum oocarpum Sendtn: Chemical composition and antioxidant properties". Food Research International, volume 124, pp ... "Antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of the ripe fruits of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae)". Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lycocarpum

There, it chemically reacts with antioxidant and lipid molecules in the ELF. The health effects of NO 2 are caused by the ... Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 455-7. ISBN 978-0- ... reduced immune response, and may have effects on the heart. Acute harm due to NO 2 exposure is rare.100-200 ppm can cause mild ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide

In response to Fells' characterisation of the worst immediate effects being loss of power to an advanced industrial society, ... if fuel elements had melted down and collected at the bottom of the vessel. He also asserted that radiation levels measured at ... "anti-oxidant" supplements are capable of preventing illness caused by radiation (Bioshield-Radiation R1 and Bioshield Radiation ... 1999), due to the study's "substantial shortcomings"; tables were so ambiguous that the risk-dose response could be interpreted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Busby

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD5

AC with 0 elements, Melatonin, Acetamides, Antidepressants, Antioxidants, Aromatase inhibitors, Circadian rhythm, Drugs acting ... When used several hours before sleep according to the phase response curve for melatonin in humans, small amounts (0.3 mg) of ... Melatonin has been described as a broadly protective, readily available, and orally self-administered antioxidant that is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin_as_a_medication_and_supplement

"The chop gene contains an element for the positive regulation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response". PLOS ONE. 2 (9 ... UPRmt causes the sirtuin SIRT3 to activate antioxidant enzymes and mitophagy. Mitochondrial electron transport chain mutations ... The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a cellular stress response related to the mitochondria. The UPRmt ... Jovaisaite V, Mouchiroud L, Auwerx J (January 2014). "The mitochondrial unfolded protein response, a conserved stress response ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_unfolded_protein_response

14 382-4 Schulz R J, de Guzman A F, Nguyen D B and Gore J C 1990 Dose-response curves for Fricke- infused agarose gels as ... It was subsequently shown by De Deene et al in 2002 that other antioxidants could be used in the manufacture of normoxic gels ... Experimental determination of the diffusion coefficient in two-dimensions in ferrous sulphate gels using the finite element ... a preliminary investigation of the NMR and optical dose-response using different monomers Phys Med Biol 51 3301-14 Senden R J, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel_dosimetry

Ansart, A.; Vernon, P.; Daguzan, J. (2002). "Elements of cold hardiness in a littoral population of the land snail Cornu ... Bezemer, T. M.; Knight, K. J. (2001). "Unpredictable responses of garden snail Helix aspersa populations to climate change". ... Secretions of Cornu aspersum produced under stress have skin-regenerative properties because of antioxidant superoxide ... Brown Garden Snail Video of froth protection response of Cornu aspersum Zachi Evenor, A video showing a garden snail (Cornu ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornu_aspersum

Rhizopoulou, S. (1990). "Physiological responses of Capparis spinosa L. to drought." Journal of Plant Physiology 136: 341-348. ... playing a role in maintaining high reserves of that growth-limiting element. The caper bush has been introduced as a ... "Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Capparis spinosa". Cytotechnology. 68 (1): 135-42. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caper

Das, Swati; Malik, Ujjwal; Barik, Anandamay (December 2018). "Effect of thermal stress on antioxidant responses of the ... AC with 0 elements, Galerucinae, Insects of Sri Lanka, Beetles described in 1878, Taxa named by Joseph Sugar Baly, All stub ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galerucella_placida

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD14

The presence of other positive elements such as light-response elements in the same region have also been demonstrated. The ... Phycocyanin has both anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation properties. Peroxyl, hydroxyl, and alkoxyl radicals are all oxidants ... and response element sequences in the cpc operon enable cyanobacteria and red algae to adjust its expression in response to ... Additional elements such as linker proteins, and enzymes involved in phycobilin synthesis and the phycobiliproteins are often ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phycocyanin

The crop needs less mineral elements than groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and, therefore, has higher yields on low-fertility ... Bambara groundnut seeds also contain kaempferol, an antioxidant polyphenol, which reduces the risk of many chronic diseases ... in response to soil moisture". The Journal of Agricultural Science. 126 (3): 307-318. doi:10.1017/S0021859600074864. ISSN 0021- ... antioxidant activity, vascular activity and cytotoxic antitumor activity. It is reported an antimicrobial activity against ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_subterranea

Brazing, where diffusion can remove alloying elements from the joint, so that eutectic melting is only possible early in the ... These liquid mixtures can be used, for example, to obtain antioxidant and antidiabetic extracts from natural products. When the ... brazing process Temperature response, e.g., Wood's metal and Field's metal for fire sprinklers Non-toxic mercury replacements, ... "meet at the pure element endpoints of the atomic ratio axis while slightly separating in the mixture region of this axis". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutectic_system

Bell, ML; Peng, RD; Dominici, F (2006). "The exposure-response curve for ozone and risk of mortality and the adequacy of ... Alothman, M.; Kaur, B.; Fazilah, A.; Bhat, Rajeev; Karim, Alias A. (2010). "Ozone-induced changes of antioxidant capacity of ... Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. Becker, K. H., U. Kogelschatz, K. H. ... The Colorado Ozone Action Plan was created in response, and numerous changes were implemented from this plan. The first major ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone

This explains the tendency of thiols to bind to soft elements and ions such as mercury, lead, or cadmium. The stability of ... an antioxidant in biology. Thiyl radicals (sulfur-centred) can transform to carbon-centred radicals via hydrogen atom exchange ... "Chemical Modifiers of Radiation Response". Leibel and Phillips Textbook of Radiation Oncology. Elsevier. pp. 55-68. doi:10.1016 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiol

... which implies that response of increased ZIP12 protein to hypoxia is found across different mammals. A hypoxia response element ... Exposing ZIP12-deleted cells to antioxidants such as alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), MitoQ, or MitoTEMPO can restore neurite ... In broiler male chicks, ZIP12 mRNA expression in the duodenum, a region of the small intestine, decreases in response to an ... The ZIP12 protein contains many elements that are conserved across other ZIP transporters in vertebrates (including mammals and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_transporter_ZIP12

This property makes it useful as an antioxidant, an oxygen scavenger, and a corrosion inhibitor in water boilers and heating ... Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8 ... Specific guidance for exposure response includes mandatory emergency shower and eyewash stations and a process for ... medical surveillance and emergency response. USAF bases requiring the use of hydrazine generally have specific base regulations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrazine

In addition to the UGA-codon, a cis-acting element in the mRNA, called SECIS, binds SBP2 to recruit other proteins, such as ... Glutathione peroxidase functions in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, and is one of the most important antioxidant ... Ishibashi N, Prokopenko O, Reuhl KR, Mirochnitchenko O (Feb 2002). "Inflammatory response and glutathione peroxidase in a model ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPX1

... acting regulatory element termed the antioxidant response element (ARE). The ARE is located in the 5′-flanking region of many ... Murphy TH, Yu J, Ng R, Johnson DA, Shen H, Honey CR, Johnson JA (2001) Preferential expression of antioxidant response element ... Johnson DA, Andrews GK, Xu W, Johnson JA (2002) Activation of the antioxidant response element in primary cortical neuronal ... Binding of the transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/24/5/1101

... oxygen species is mediated by the enhanced expression of the phase II detoxifying genes through antioxidant response elements ( ... of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in the Antioxidant Response Element- ... of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in the Antioxidant Response Element- ... of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in the Antioxidant Response Element- ...

https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/58/5/1017.short

... antioxidant response element (ARE) binding, and activity of NFE2L2, and 35-99% decline in antioxidants (gamma-glutamyl ... antioxidant response element (ARE) binding, and activity of NFE2L2, and 35-99% decline in antioxidants (gamma-glutamyl ... antioxidant response element (ARE) binding, and activity of NFE2L2, and 35-99% decline in antioxidants (gamma-glutamyl ... antioxidant response element (ARE) binding, and activity of NFE2L2, and 35-99% decline in antioxidants (gamma-glutamyl ...

https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/inhibition-of-nfe2l2-antioxidant-response-element-pathway-by-mito

ROS-detoxifying enzymes are made available through the activation of their antioxidant response elements (ARE) in their gene ... NRF2 binds to AREs and induces this anti-oxidant response. We show that cells from multiple origins performing OXPHOS induced ... mitochondrial complex I activity OXPHOS did not induce ERK5 expression and failed to generate this anti-oxidant response. ... NRF2 arguably mediates the strongest anti-oxidant cellular response by binding to anti-oxidant response elements (ARE) in gene ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-23884-4?error=cookies_not_supported

PHLPP2 inhibition promoted Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) transcriptional activity. Title: PHLPP2 downregulation ... PHLPP2 downregulation protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced injury through reinforcing Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling ... protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced injury through reinforcing Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=244650

... antioxidant response element (ARE); small leucine zipper proteins (Maf); heme oxygenase (HO-1); NADPH quinine oxidoreductase ( ... κB-response element (NF-κB-RE); inhibitory subunit of NF-κB (I-κB); tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); interleukin-1β (IL-1β); ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2018/2481076/fig3/

The Keap1-Nrf2-antioxidant response element pathway: a review of its regulation by melatonin and the proteasome ... antioxidant response element (ARE) signal transduction pathway is one of the most significant pathways working against ... and mechanism of the Kelch sample related protein-1-nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2/antioxidant response element ( ... NQO1 can prevent the production of ROS and has antioxidant effects [6]. Antioxidative proteins and enzymes that are regulated ...

https://portlandpress.com/bioscirep/article/42/9/BSR20221306/231655/Role-of-Keap1-Nrf2-ARE-signal-transduction-pathway

A Polymorphic Antioxidant Response Element Links NRF2/sMAF Binding to Enhanced MAPT Expression and Reduced Risk of Parkinsonian ... to bind genomic sites called antioxidant response elements (AREs). In this way, NRF2/sMAFs activate a slew of genes. Between ... identified a binding site for the antioxidant response transcription factor NRF2 in the first intron of the tau gene MAPT. ... Oxidative stress and antioxidants in neurological diseases: is there still hope?. Curr Drug Targets. 2016 Apr 1;. PubMed. ...

https://www.alzforum.org/news/research-news/antioxidant-response-might-explain-protective-tau-allele

... generation through the elimination of Nrf2/Keap1/P62-mediated oxidative stress response. The loss of phosphatase and tensin ... proteasomal degradation of transcription factor Nrf2 contributes to the negative regulation of antioxidant response element- ... Wang K-C, Liu Y-C, El-Shazly M, Shih S-P, Du Y-C, Hsu Y-M, Lin H-Y, Chen Y-C, Wu Y-C, Yang S-C, Lu M-C. The Antioxidant from ... Wang K-C, Liu Y-C, El-Shazly M, Shih S-P, Du Y-C, Hsu Y-M, Lin H-Y, Chen Y-C, Wu Y-C, Yang S-C, Lu M-C. The Antioxidant from ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/8/1935/htm

Antioxidant response elements: Discovery, classes, regulation and potential applications. Redox Biol. 2018;17:297-314. ... This is a universal mechanism that acts in Nrf2 target genes called antioxidant response elements. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH- ... Antioxidant response elements: Discovery, classes, regulation and potential applications. Redox Biol. 2018;17:297-314. ... affecting the maintenance of redox homeostasis via enzymes mediated by antioxidant response elements.3434. Yet S-F, Tian R, ...

https://www.scielo.br/j/abc/a/FpZRkwTwB9f6B67PRQfpYyJ/?lang=en

Activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element pathway is neuroprotective after spinal cord ... Astrogliosis involves activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene-like signaling in the innate immune response after spinal cord ... a decrease of inflammasome activation and changes in human skin morphology in response to aging and mechanical load. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=NS059836%2FNS%2FNINDS+NIH+HHS%2FUnited+States%5BGrant+Number%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc

... such as the combination of antioxidant response elements, thereby activating the transcription of many protective genes. These ... is a transcriptional regulatory element that maintains the cells redox state by promoting antioxidant response participants ( ... Among the antioxidants, GPX, CAT, and SOD are the first protections in antioxidant stress (Zhu et al., 2012). GPX is ... Matsuzaki, T. (2000). Modulating Immune Responses With Probiotic Bacteria. Immunol. Cell. Biol. 78, 67-73. doi: 10.1046/j.1440- ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.724401/full

Additionally, TSO increased antioxidant response element/electrophile response element luciferase reporter construct activity ... antioxidant response element/electrophile response element; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; PXR, pregnane X receptor; Nrf2, nuclear ... phenobarbital response element module; WKY, Wistar-Kyoto; Mdr, multiple drug resistance protein; bDNA, branched DNA signal ... TSO treatment also increased the activity of a CAR binding element luciferase reporter construct in HepG2 cells transfected ...

https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/34/7/1190

Chandra, R.K. Effect of Vitamin and Trace Element Supplementation on Immune Responses and Infection in Elderly Subjects. The ... Reference #36/ Immune Response. In a metabolic unit, using a double blind protocol, immune response was studied in a group ... Other Antioxidants. While vitamins A, C, and E have been recognized for a long time for their antioxidant properties, there are ... 33/Immune Response. The effect of daily vitamin E supplementation (800 IU alpha tocopherol for 30 days) on immune responses of ...

http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1995/articles/1995-v10n02-p089.shtml

H-quinone oxidoreductase I by disrupting the Nrf2/Keap1/Cul complex and recruiting Nrf2.Maf to the antioxidant response element ... Description: Arsenic (AS) is a major toxic metal element and a proven carcinogen in humans. Moreover, AS is a ubiquitous ... Medical survey findings among mixers of butter flavorings and oil showed a dose-response effect. Compared to all other workers ... This paper demonstrated, for the first time, that toxic metal element AS induces phase II detoxification genes by activating ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/awards/hamilton/aliceabs07.html

Res strongly activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway and induced antioxidant response element-dependent cytoprotective genes. On ... Dose-response; Oxidative-processes; Cytotoxicity; Growth-factors; Genes; Cell-cultures; Antibody-response; Immune-reaction; ... Nrf2 is an antioxidant-activated transcription factor that recently emerged as a critical regulator of cellular defense against ... Here we analyzed the molecular mechanism of the fibrogenic response to PQ and its inhibition by Res and Nrf2. PQ dose- ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=DNA+or+Deoxyribonucleic+acid&f1=TI&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=DNA+or+Deoxyribonucleic+acid&terms=3&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&f2=KW&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&D1=10&EndYear=&PageNo=21&RecNo=201&View=f&

... studies have found that burn injury induces cardiac dysfunction through interruption of the antioxidant-response element (ARE) ... Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator that activates many antioxidant enzymes. Oltipraz (Olti) ... is a Nrf2 activator and a well-known inducer of NQO1 along with other enzymes that comprise the Nrf2-associated antioxidants. ...

https://journals.lww.com/journalacs/Abstract/2022/04000/Nuclear_Factor_Erythroid_2_Related_Factor_2.30.aspx

Evidence suggests that these elements affect neurons compromising energy supply, antioxidant response and synaptic activity. AD ...

https://www.intechopen.com/profiles/182849

Nrf2 induces the transcription of various antioxidant genes by binding to antioxidant response elements (ARE) in their ... antioxidant response element; Ox-Keap1, oxidized Keap1; p-p62, phosphorylated p62. ... is a target gene for transcription factor NRF2 and creates a positive feedback loop by inducing antioxidant response element- ... a central regulator of cellular antioxidant responses, by preventing binding to Keap1, its native repressor [9, 10]. Research ...

https://aging-us.com/article/103896/text

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) are crucial for neurogenesis ... Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol in green tea, is an effective antioxidant and possesses neuroprotective effects ... Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol in green tea, is an effective antioxidant and possesses neuroprotective effects ... Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) are crucial for neurogenesis ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Protective-effects-of-a-green-tea-polyphenol%2C-of-in-Ding-Ma/58b83064eb0a0606b456240aba936c8b912ab453?p2df

... of rat gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene is mediated through a distal antioxidant response element.. ... of rat gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene is mediated through a distal antioxidant response element.. ... of rat gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene is mediated through a distal antioxidant response element.. ... of rat gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene is mediated through a distal antioxidant response element.. ...

https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/biblio?f%5Bauthor%5D=5691&o=asc&s=keyword

Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related protein-1 and antioxidant response elements; this pathway serves a key regulatory role in ... thus enhancing the expression of antioxidant reaction elements and alleviating oxidative damage-associated toxicity (12). Yu et ... Some antioxidants, insulin sensitizers and lipid-lowering drugs have been applied in clinical trials for the treatment of NAFLD ... WL00978), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1C (SREBP-1C; cat. no. WL01314), AKT (cat. no. WL0003b), phosphorylated (p) ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/mmr/19/6/4673

Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia Mediated By the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2/Antioxidant Response Element ( ... Editorial: The World Health Organization (WHO) Fungal Priority Pathogens List in Response to Emerging Funga... Med Sci Monit ... A Review of the Potential Roles of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacological Approaches for the Man... DOI :10.12659/ ... Editorial: The World Health Organization (WHO) Fungal Priority Pathogens List in Response to Emerging Fungal Pathogens During ...

https://medscimonit.com/abstract/related/idArt/898160

The microglia-mediated inflammatory response is a vital mechanism of secondary damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI), ... Nrf-2 enhances HO-1 transcription, which is involved in an antioxidant pathway, by binding to the antioxidant response element ... Given the involvement of fetuin-A in the inhibition of the inflammatory response in glutamate-treated BV2 cells, we added BV2- ... These results suggested that fetuin-A has an antioxidant effect.. Numerous studies in several cell lines such as macrophages, ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1043786/v1

"Antioxidant Response Element" (ARE). This internal cellular mechanism reduces 2 Billion free radical per second and continues ... Oral antioxidants never make it into the cell. They only act outside the cell. Internal cellular antioxidant reactions are ... Do you folks know that BHT is an anti-oxidant too??? Like any chemicals anti-oxidants are DIFFERENT in their chemical nature. ... Antioxidants occur in groups in nature, and this should always be considered when supplementing.. ANH-USA board member Dr. ...

https://anh-usa.org/are-antioxidant-supplements-such-as-vitamin-c-harmful/?replytocom=26226

... factor that regulates a wide variety of cellular proteins by recognizing and binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in ... have important roles in transcriptional regulation and DNA damage response signaling. However, whether these two epigenetic ...

https://www.jbc.org/Gene-Regulation?startPage=&KeywordRaw=histone%20methylation

Nrf2-mediated induction of antioxidant response element-driven gene expression by flavonoids is dependent on their chemical ... Nematode communities response to long-term grazing disturbance on Tibetan plateau. European Journal of Soil Biology. 69:24-32. ... Niche-based responses in addressing the climatic constraints to farm production: analogues to adapting climate change in Nepal ... New findings on the resistance mechanism of an elite diploid wild potato species JAM1-4 in response to a super race strain of ...

https://www.hutton.ac.uk/publications/publications-list/tg/N?sort=author&order=desc

These heterodimers recognize antioxidant response elements (ARE) located in the DNA promotor region of the genes, which encode ... Abbreviations: ARE, antioxidant response elements; HQ, hydroquinone; MBEH, monobenzyl ethyl hydroquinone; LE/SR, level of ... 6-shogaol protects human melanocytes against oxidative stress through activation of the nrf2-antioxidant response element ... The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) antioxidant response promotes melanocyte viability and reduces toxicity ...

https://actasdermo.org/es-translated-article-nuclear-factor-erythroid-articulo-S0001731022004768

... antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, resulting in increased synthesis of downstream endogenous antioxidants such as ... oxidase and increased synthesis of endogenous antioxidant enzymes via the antioxidant response element pathway. They also exert ... Huang, Y., W. Li, Z.Y. Su, and A.N. Kong (2015). The complexity of the Nrf2 pathway: beyond the antioxidant response. J. Nutr. ... or increased antioxidant enzyme activity. These responses seem to occur in parallel with enhanced vascular function, possibly ...

https://www.gssiweb.org/en/sports-science-exchange/Article/fruit-derived-polyphenol-supplementation-for-performance-and-recovery

Binding of the transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in neural cells results in the induction of a battery of genes that can coordinate a protective response against a variety of oxidative stressors. (jneurosci.org)
By reintroducing Nrf2 via infection with a replication-deficient adenovirus (ad), both the genetic response and neuroprotection were rescued. (jneurosci.org)
Conversely, infection with adenovirus encoding dominant-negative (DN) Nrf2 (ad-DN-Nrf2) or pretreatment with the selective phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 inhibited the tBHQ-mediated promoter response and corresponding neuroprotection. (jneurosci.org)
NRF2 binds to AREs and induces this anti-oxidant response. (nature.com)
Moreover, tumor cells forced to perform OXPHOS generate a NRF2-mediated anti-ROS response 11 . (nature.com)
PHLPP2 downregulation protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced injury through reinforcing Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling. (nih.gov)
Objective: To explore the role and mechanism of the Kelch sample related protein-1-nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Keap1-Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathway in protection of dexmedetomidine (DEX) preconditioning against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). (portlandpress.com)
Bioinformatics researchers at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, identified a binding site for the antioxidant response transcription factor NRF2 in the first intron of the tau gene MAPT. (alzforum.org)
The haplotype's response to NRF2 signaling might explain why it confers protection against parkinsonism, and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases, suggest senior author Douglas Bell and colleagues. (alzforum.org)
During oxidative stress, NRF2 complexes with other transcription factors called small MAF proteins (sMAFs) to bind genomic sites called antioxidant response elements (AREs). (alzforum.org)
This paper demonstrated, for the first time, that toxic metal element AS induces phase II detoxification genes by activating Nrf2. (cdc.gov)
Resveratrol inhibits paraquat-induced oxidative stress and fibrogenic response by activating the Nrf2 pathway. (cdc.gov)
Nrf2 is an antioxidant-activated transcription factor that recently emerged as a critical regulator of cellular defense against oxidative and inflammatory lesions. (cdc.gov)
Here we analyzed the molecular mechanism of the fibrogenic response to PQ and its inhibition by Res and Nrf2. (cdc.gov)
Res strongly activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway and induced antioxidant response element-dependent cytoprotective genes. (cdc.gov)
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator that activates many antioxidant enzymes. (lww.com)
Oltipraz (Olti) is a Nrf2 activator and a well-known inducer of NQO1 along with other enzymes that comprise the Nrf2-associated antioxidants. (lww.com)
Gene categorization showed that most of the differentially expressed genes are involved in oxidative stress response, and pathway analysis further revealed that Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress pathway is the top of the ITC-modulated signaling pathway. (researchgate.net)
2011. Nrf2-mediated induction of antioxidant response element-driven gene expression by flavonoids is dependent on their chemical structure . (hutton.ac.uk)
Nrf2 is a transcription factor that remains inhibited when the organism is in homeostasis, but in the presence of oxidative stress it allows the encoding of phase ii antioxidant enzymes. (actasdermo.org)
There is now growing evidence that phenolics increase endogenous antioxidant capacity through signalling via the nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, resulting in increased synthesis of downstream endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxiredoxin (Huang et al. (gssiweb.org)
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor activated by oxidative stress that regulates expression of numerous reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxifying and antioxidant genes. (elsevier.com)
Using a Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven luciferase reporter gene assay we found that in a cultured coronary arterial endothelial cell model hyperglycemia (10-30 mmol/l glucose) significantly increases transcriptional activity of Nrf2 and upregulates the expression of the Nrf2 target genes NQO1, GCLC, and HMOX1. (elsevier.com)
You are arguing that all efforts to do something about aging must increase the cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation of Nrf2 where it can bind to of the anti-oxidant response elements (AREs) at promoter sites. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
According to you the most important "hormetic mechanism" is the up regulation of the anti-oxidant enzymes in response to low doses of "ROS" or through administer of phyosubstances that interact with the cysteine side chains of Keap1 (and Nrf2) and thereby effectively act as "ROS mimetics" to up regulate the AREs. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
What is Trenbolone these agents is stanozolol nrf2 by cancer chemopreventive agents: role of antioxidant response element-like sequences in the nrf2 promoter. (awingsoft.com)
Moreover, like previously identified phase 2 inducers, the TP analogues use the antioxidant response element-Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway. (dundee.ac.uk)
Thus, induction of the phase 2 response and suppression of the iNOS induction was abrogated in nrf2? (dundee.ac.uk)
Quercetin mediated Nrf2 activation leads to transcriptional activation of antioxidant response elements. (nontoxic.sg)
Polymorphisms in the transcription factor NRF2 and forearm vasodilator responses in humans. (cdc.gov)
Comprehensive assessment of genetic sequence variants in the antioxidant 'master regulator' NRF2 in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. (cdc.gov)

ROS-detoxifying enzymes are made available through the activation of their antioxidant response elements (ARE) in their gene promoters. (nature.com)
Previous in vivo studies highlighted the neuroprotective potential of ITCs since ITCs enhance the production of antioxidant-related enzymes. (researchgate.net)
Polyphenol supplementation produces antioxidant effects via inhibition of superoxide-generating enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and increased synthesis of endogenous antioxidant enzymes via the antioxidant response element pathway. (gssiweb.org)
I don't think you can make enough anti-oxidant enzymes or ingest enough "exogenous antioxidants" to make a dent in the baseline ROS levels. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Nucleotide sequences that are found in the PROMOTER REGIONS of the genes of stress-responsive and cytoprotective proteins, such as those encoding antioxidant and PHASE II DETOXIFICATION enzymes. (bvsalud.org)
Papaya enzymes remove the outer layer of dead skin cells that trap bacteria and sebum while antioxidant-rich turmeric and snow mushroom extracts deeply nourish and soften the skin. (pharmaoil.eu)
In order to prevent oxidative damage, the antioxidant system presents a group of cellular enzymes (SOD, catalase and glutathione system) responsible for the control of free radicals. (bvsalud.org)
Selenium is a component of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase (which indirectly reduce certain oxidized molecules in animals and some plants). (cdc.gov)

Wen, J, Porter, C & Garg, NJ 2017, ' Inhibition of NFE2L2-Antioxidant Response Element Pathway by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Contributes to Development of Cardiomyopathy and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Chagas Disease ', Antioxidants and Redox Signaling , vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 550-566. (utmb.edu)
Our previous studies have found that burn injury induces cardiac dysfunction through interruption of the antioxidant-response element (ARE) pathway in cardiac mitochondria. (lww.com)
Basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors play important roles in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway and abiotic stress response in plants. (usda.gov)
The major regulated secretory pathway involves large granules that are exocytosed in response to autonomic stimulation 4 . (bvsalud.org)
Recent studies have shown that the Angptl2 pathway mediated hepatic inflammatory response plays an important role in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study investigated the possible molecular mechanisms of berberine (BBR) in the treatment of the liver inflammatory response in the livers of rats with high-fat diet-induced NAFLD via the Angptl2 pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Our findings demonstrate that BBR might attenuate the liver inflammatory response in the livers of rats with high-fat diet-induced NAFLD through the regulation of the Angptl2 pathway. (biomedcentral.com)

The protective adaptive response to electrophiles and reactive oxygen species is mediated by the enhanced expression of the phase II detoxifying genes through antioxidant response elements (AREs). (aspetjournals.org)
Many of the true risk variants lie in regulatory elements of genes, but it has been difficult to correlate such SNPs with disease, said Mark Cookson of the National Institute on Aging in Bethesda, Maryland. (alzforum.org)
Secuencias de nucleótidos ubicadas en las REGIONES PROMOTORAS de los genes de respuesta al estrés y proteínas citoprotectoras, como las de codificación de antioxidantes y enzimas de la FASE II DE DESINTOXICACIÓN. (bvsalud.org)
NF-E2-RELATED FACTOR 2 containing transcription factors bind to these elements during induction of these genes. (bvsalud.org)
Meanwhile, diverse functional categories were characterized for the commonly drought-induced genes in response to severe drought stress. (biomedcentral.com)

Additionally, TSO increased antioxidant response element/electrophile response element luciferase reporter construct activity in HepG2 cells. (aspetjournals.org)

It was suggested that the antioxidants serve to counter the oxidative damage. (orthomolecular.org)

Both exogenous antioxidant use and endogenous antioxidant up regulation are futile. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

This is accomplished both directly, through scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and indirectly, via interaction with transcription factors which coordinate the antioxidant response. (biomedcentral.com)
Asbestos fibers as well as reactive oxygen species generating systems hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase and hydrogen peroxide stimulated DNA binding activity to the regulatory elements in the IL-8 promoter, binding sites of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB- and NF-IL-6-like transcription factors. (cdc.gov)
Nonenzymatic antioxidant system also maintains the balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including vitamin C, carotenoids and fish oil. (bvsalud.org)

Overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in cultured cells (HeLa or cardiomyocytes) and MnSOD tg mice preserved the NFE2L2 transcriptional activity and antioxidant/oxidant balance, and cardiac oxidative and fibrotic pathology were significantly decreased in MnSOD tg .Tc mice. (utmb.edu)
2009. Transcriptional regulation of rat gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene is mediated through a distal antioxidant response element. . (oregonstate.edu)

In this context, KEAP-1 inhibition only partially accounts for OXPHOS-induced antioxidant response 11 . (nature.com)

Flavonoids are mostly known throughout the nutritional world for their potent antioxidant capabilities. (thejoint.com)
Green Coffee Beans: Chlorogenic acid, found in the extract, is a potent antioxidant. (click4r.com)

TSO treatment also increased the activity of a CAR binding element luciferase reporter construct in HepG2 cells transfected with rat CAR and in mouse liver. (aspetjournals.org)
GenTargetDescription:Pre-made lentivirus express Firefly luciferase reporter under a minimal promoter that embedded 4 tandem repeats of antioxidant. (reportergene.com)

Please note that Dr. Offit refers vaguely to "large doses," although in interviews he seems to oppose any antioxidant supplementation. (anh-usa.org)
Conventional oncologists using chemo are usually dead set against any antioxidant supplementation, even if taken well before or after the chemo. (anh-usa.org)
Patients with Stage IV breast cancer received, in addition to chemotherapy, an "antioxidant-rich low-fat diet high in whole grain, legumes, vegetables and fruits, individualized supplementation" and other CAM treatments. (anh-usa.org)
Thus, it is remarkable to find out if BP supplementation and Tabata exercise intervention able to improve quality of life by positively modulate immune function, oxidants-antioxidants status, bone metabolism markers, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition in physically inactive overweight men. (who.int)
The effects of water supplementation of bee venom (BV) on performance, antioxidant activity, and liver function in Arbor Acres broiler chickens were investigated. (blogspot.com)

In the sevoflurane anesthetized neonatal rat model, treatment with HPD reduced neuronal degeneration, hippocampal inflammation, and improvised memory, learning, and cognitive responses by modulating the PI3/Akt/PTEN and NF-κB signaling pathways. (semanticscholar.org)
Moreover, compared with sham groups, the terms "acute-phase response", "inflammation", and "protein binding" were significantly enriched in CCI groups. (researchsquare.com)
Inflammation is well understood as a critical biological response protecting the host's body from pathogens to maintain tissue homeostasis. (nature.com)
Therefore, the regulation of inflammatory responses is crucial for preventing malignancy of these inflammation-related diseases. (nature.com)
The high potency of TP analogues in inducing the phase 2 response and blocking inflammation depends on the presence of activated Michael reaction (enone) functions at critical positions in rings A and C. The most potent TP doubles NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase in murine hepatoma cells at 0.28 nM and has an IC50 for suppression of iNOS induction in primary mouse macrophages of 0.0035 nM. (dundee.ac.uk)
Thus, in addition to blocking inflammation and promoting differentiation, these TP exhibit another very important protective property: the induction of the phase 2 response. (dundee.ac.uk)
Antioxidant-rich, it's a fantastic daily supplement for fighting inflammation that helps improve cellular health and helps reverse oxidative stress to prevent accelerated aging. (5pillarsofliving.com)
The antioxidants in passion fruit help reduce inflammation and improve skin health. (fruitbuys.com)

An imbalance in the body where the body fails to detoxify the body from free radicals fast enough through antioxidants is called oxidative stress. (well.org)
K9 Choice Joint Support improves range of motion, promotes a natural anti-inflammatory response, provides antioxidants to reduce free radicals, and provides collagen for a lustrous and healthy coat. (vetito.com)
One way to help squash free radicals and oxidative stress that give way to accelerated aging is getting more antioxidants! (5pillarsofliving.com)

Consuming adequate cysteine and NAC is important for a variety of health reasons, including for replenishing the most powerful antioxidant. (unovita.com)
Research indicates that flavanols have powerful antioxidant properties, are able to boost memory and recall function, improve cardiovascular and circulatory health, and even reverse the effects of age on the body. (supplementpolice.com)

In this study, we found that coffee extract at more than 2.5%(v/v) significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells and that anti-inflammatory activity of coffee required the roasting process. (nature.com)
Furthermore, intake of 60% (v/v) coffee extract and 74.4 μM pyrocatechol, which is the concentration equal to contained in 60% (v/v) coffee, markedly inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory responses in mice. (nature.com)
Green Tea: Green Tea Extract has naturally occurring caffeine, which aids weight loss, but its antioxidant content gives it the most value. (click4r.com)
u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTurmeric extract\u003c\/strong\u003e contains antioxidants and anti-inflammatory components. (pharmaoil.eu)
If you're looking for a simple way to increase the amount of antioxidants you consume daily consider green tea extract. (abedofrosessf.com)
PROMOTES HEALTHY IMMUNE RESPONSES: Blends of mushroom and Astragalus Extract are formulated to provide support to a healthy immune system. (vitaminsuite.com)

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol in green tea, is an effective antioxidant and possesses neuroprotective effects. (semanticscholar.org)

Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects help to protect cells from damage. (medlineplus.gov)

Polyphenols are produced by plants and fulfill a number of functions including pathogen and antioxidant defense. (gssiweb.org)
it serves to act as a defense barrier against potential invasive elements. (thejoint.com)
Immunity of a body is not just an element that builds up a human, rather it's a full defense mechanism that acts when your body is at risk. (kaberaglobal.com)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) are crucial for neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. (semanticscholar.org)
Subtly sweeter than modern wheats, this smooth stone ground flour also contains the antioxidant Lutein, and is one of the world's best sources of protein… Einkorn has a pleasing sweet flavor, silky texture and yellow … Our fresh milled einkorn flour is a light, soft and airy flour with a delicate sweetness. (product-managers.com)
Also, einkorn has a higher protein content than modern wheat which makes it a little better for diabetics and people who watch their insulin response to food. (product-managers.com)

They occasionally exhibit toxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic effects, or they modulate immune responses. (cdc.gov)

72), through a mechanism relying on cAMP response element (CRE) and activating transcription factor (ATF) sequences in the CYP11B1 promoter (73). (awingsoft.com)

Orange juice (OJ) is rich in polyphenols with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. (scielo.br)
However, maximal plasma concentrations of polyphenols and their metabolites are relatively low (0.1- 22 μM) when compared to the concentration of plasma urate (150- 450 μM) which is also an important antioxidant in the plasma compartment. (gssiweb.org)

Taking LDN at bedtime each night briefly blocks opioid receptors between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. and is believed to produce a prolonged up-regulation of vital elements of the immune system by causing an increase in endorphin and enkephalin production. (fasting.ws)

Notably, in cells lacking functional mitochondrial complex I activity OXPHOS did not induce ERK5 expression and failed to generate this anti-oxidant response. (nature.com)

Commonly found in richly-colored plants and vegetable matter, flavonoids, and by extension, flavanols, are potent antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents and immune-system enhancing phytonutrients. (supplementpolice.com)

SUPER MUSHROOM BLEND: Using eight "super" mushrooms gives an optimized ratio of Beta-Glucans, which have been studied for their ability to support immune responses. (vitaminsuite.com)
High levels of zinc in this antioxidant-rich mushroom support the immune system's ability to fight off viruses and germs. (pure5extraction.com)

Using A549 cells transfected with the -546 IL-8 construct linked to a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene, we have shown that these antioxidants directly inhibited asbestos -stimulated IL-8 promoter-dependent transcription. (cdc.gov)

White blood cells make an oxidative burst by creating hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and to do this utilize some of what are commonly referred to as our antioxidant vitamins-most notably vitamin C. When vitamin C is oxidized and reacts with a dietary metal like iron, it makes the H 2 O 2 burst that kills bacteria and viruses. (anh-usa.org)
Notably, antioxidants prevent the harmful UVA and UVB rays of the sun from damaging your skin's inner and outer layers. (thejoint.com)

Starting your morning by drinking a cup of green tea is a great way to get flavonoids, in addition to an extra boost of antioxidants. (thejoint.com)

Apples, for example, are ripe with antioxidant and SPF opportunity, as research published in Molecules suggests. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)

It is actually higher in antioxidants, like EGCG as well as gives many fat loss perks. (diamondstargreatdanes.com)

Antioxidants and Redox Signaling , 27 (9), 550-566. (utmb.edu)
Instead, antioxidants work on both sides of redox reaction-sometimes donating electrons, and sometimes gaining them. (anh-usa.org)
Antioxidants are more accurately described as "redox reaction regulators," assisting on both sides of the electron subtraction ("oxidation") and addition ("reduction") equation. (anh-usa.org)

Evidence suggests that these elements affect neurons compromising energy supply, antioxidant response and synaptic activity. (intechopen.com)

Naringenin, a flavonoid that occurs naturally in citrus fruits, has been found to confer a wide range of pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer benefits and thus potentially exerting preventive and curative effects on numerous diseases. (bvsalud.org)
Terpenoids, a sizable class of bioactive metabolites produced by mushrooms, have recently attracted scientific interest as potential therapeutics with qualities such as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-neurodegenerative, antioxidant, and antiviral. (pure5extraction.com)

It triggers the release of internal compounds which essentially perform the "promise" of antioxidants and actually works. (well.org)
Antioxidants are compounds that give an electron to a free radical so that the free radical doesn't have to take the electron from the skin's atoms. (5pillarsofliving.com)

It is an absolutely vital component of the selenium-dependent proteins that have several biological functions in human health, including an antioxidant function. (pharmanord.com)

Acetic acid is a 2 carbon chain molecule and penetrates deep to signal and initiate skin response. (lipglossandaftershave.com)

It is suggested that, viewed in the bigger picture, the total body concept, significant changes in macular degeneration and other diseases may occur when larger-than-recommended amounts of the antioxidants are supplied. (orthomolecular.org)
Antioxidants occur in groups in nature, and this should always be considered when supplementing. (anh-usa.org)
Most people experience few to no side effects from taking CBD in moderation[5] though, as with any supplement, response can vary from person to person and interactions with other drugs can occur[6]. (siciley.com)

The ability of a cell to neutralize reactive intermediates is, in part, dependent on the activation of a cis- acting regulatory element termed the antioxidant response element (ARE). (jneurosci.org)
To further elucidate the factors contributing to a protective response manifest by ARE activation, we used mouse primary cortical neuronal cultures to look at two paradigms of oxidative toxicity: H 2 O 2 and glutamate. (jneurosci.org)
The microglia-mediated inflammatory response is a vital mechanism of secondary damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI), but its underlying mechanism of microglial activation is unclear. (researchsquare.com)

Antioxidants assist in protecting and promoting the building blocks of collagen, but since antioxidants are destroyed and oxidized in the process, you have to keep feeding the body and skin fresh antioxidants to keep up with the free-radical damage. (5pillarsofliving.com)

This has led to an interest in the use of antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of such problems. (orthomolecular.org)
Is antioxidant response element a prevention target? (wustl.edu)

The antioxidant activity of red wine has been linked to heart health benefits, reduced stress and even memory preservation. (naturalhealthyconcepts.com)
Horsetail is known for its anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive 9 , antioxidant and antiproliferative 10 , antimicrobial 11-13 , hepatoprotective 14 , antidiabetic 15 , coagulant and astringent activity 16 . (ijpjournal.com)
Reishi contains a triterpene that has been demonstrated in tests to improve immune response by boosting the activity of natural killer cells, which are white blood cells that fight infections. (pure5extraction.com)

This exposure makes the cells stronger and more resilient to other stressors and improves the body's immune response. (well.org)
You'll also be able to hold off age-related diseases like cardiovascular disease by improving your body's cellular stress response. (well.org)
This amino acid helps improve mental clarity and assists in controlling the body's response to stress. (abedofrosessf.com)

Are Antioxidant Supplements Such as Vitamin C Harmful? (anh-usa.org)
Might, for example, antioxidant supplements increase the risk of cancer? (anh-usa.org)
Many global health authorities recommend getting beta-carotene and other antioxidants from food instead of supplements. (medlineplus.gov)
Study Finds Antioxidants Risky During Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Taking sure dietary supplements whereas present process chemotherapy for breast most cancers might do more hurt than good. (comprarvimaxnobrasil.com)

Some antioxidants, insulin sensitizers and lipid-lowering drugs have been applied in clinical trials for the treatment of NAFLD/non-non-alcoholic steatosis (NASH) ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
However, studies on BBR treatment of the hepatic inflammatory response in NAFLD are still unclear. (biomedcentral.com)

It seems that antioxidants are molecules that can assist sluggish the ageing process and enhance the well being of your complete physique by serving to to mitigate towards the oxidation (decomposition) of your cells. (mbxeventos.net)

Ginsenosides affect the central nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems, improving immune function and stress responses. (murainbow.com)

It seems unlikely, therefore, that plasma phenolics are effective direct antioxidants in vivo. (gssiweb.org)

In the article, Dr. Offit writes, "When people take large doses of antioxidants in the form of supplemental vitamins, the balance between free radical production and destruction might tip too much in one direction, causing an unnatural state where the immune system is less able to kill harmful invaders. (anh-usa.org)

Conclusions: Astaxanthin, fish oil and combination of them stimulated the antioxidant system and functional parameter of salivary glands, which could be beneficial to oral health. (bvsalud.org)
Although it is very important for human health, selenium is not utilized as a free element in the human body. (pharmanord.com)
Hormonal modifications manifest in guys as they age, impacting exceptional elements of their health. (reviews-on.net)
Itâ s absolutely vital to good health and, next to air, is the most essential element to our body functioning. (naturalhealthyconcepts.com)
Both raw cacao and processed cocoa powder possess an extremely high flavanol content, although raw cacao is more popular with holistic and natural health movements due to its lack of added sugar, preservatives and other synthetic elements. (supplementpolice.com)

The current study was designed to identify the signaling pathways responsible for the expression of rGSTA2 in response to cellular oxidative stress and to establish the molecular mechanistic basis. (aspetjournals.org)
If this were the case, then antioxidants would offset tissue damage and cellular aging. (well.org)

Here, we show that these analogues are also extremely potent inducers of the phase 2 response [e.g., elevation of NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase and heme oxygenase 1], which is a major protector of cells against oxidative and electrophile stress. (dundee.ac.uk)

Anatomy19

Organisms10

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs136

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

HIV-1 gp120 induces antioxidant response element-mediated expression in primary astrocytes: role in HIV associated neurocognitive disorder. (1/39)

Polyphenols, isothiocyanates, and carotenoid derivatives enhance estrogenic activity in bone cells but inhibit it in breast cancer cells. (2/39)

Epigallocatechin gallate induces expression of heme oxygenase-1 in endothelial cells via p38 MAPK and Nrf-2 that suppresses proinflammatory actions of TNF-alpha. (3/39)

Regulatory role of KEAP1 and NRF2 in PPARgamma expression and chemoresistance in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells. (4/39)

The Nrf2-ARE pathway: a valuable therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. (5/39)

Up-regulation of human prostaglandin reductase 1 improves the efficacy of hydroxymethylacylfulvene, an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent. (6/39)

Activation of antioxidant response element in mouse primary cortical cultures with sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Tanacetum parthenium. (7/39)

Molecular basis of electrophilic and oxidative defense: promises and perils of Nrf2. (8/39)

Antioxidant Response Elements

NF-E2-Related Factor 2

Antioxidants

Response Elements

NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)

Hydroquinones

MafG Transcription Factor

Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase

Isothiocyanates

Thiocyanates

Oxidative Stress

beta-Naphthoflavone

Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1

Heme Oxygenase-1

MafK Transcription Factor

Glutathione

Promoter Regions, Genetic

NF-E2-Related Factor 1

Gene Expression Regulation

Transcription, Genetic

DNA-Binding Proteins

Base Sequence

Genes, Reporter

Nuclear Respiratory Factors

Reactive Oxygen Species

Trans-Activators

Molecular Sequence Data

Animal Use Alternatives

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf

Luciferases

Thiones

Transcriptional Activation

Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane

Tanacetum parthenium

Butylated Hydroxyanisole

Anticarcinogenic Agents

Cell Line

Oxidants

Transfection

Hydrogen Peroxide

Enzyme Induction

Leucine Zippers

RNA, Messenger

Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic

Glutathione Transferase

Oxidation-Reduction

Benzoflavones

Hep G2 Cells

Cell Nucleus

NADPH Dehydrogenase

Cells, Cultured

Transcription Factors

Plant Extracts

Signal Transduction

Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Protein Binding

Cell Line, Tumor

Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors

Binding Sites

Cytoprotection

Transcription Factor AP-1

Catalase

Superoxide Dismutase

Oleanolic Acid

Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus

Up-Regulation

Liver

Enhancer Elements, Genetic

Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Mice, Knockout

Glutathione Peroxidase

Blotting, Western

Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

DNA Primers

Lipid Peroxidation

DNA Transposable Elements

Picrates