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Antioxidant Response ElementsNF-E2-Related Factor 2AntioxidantsResponse ElementsNAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)HydroquinonesMafG Transcription FactorGlutamate-Cysteine LigaseIsothiocyanatesThiocyanatesOxidative Stressbeta-NaphthoflavoneNuclear Respiratory Factor 1Heme Oxygenase-1MafK Transcription FactorGlutathionePromoter Regions, GeneticNF-E2-Related Factor 1Gene Expression RegulationTranscription, GeneticDNA-Binding ProteinsBase SequenceGenes, ReporterNuclear Respiratory FactorsReactive Oxygen SpeciesTrans-ActivatorsMolecular Sequence DataAnimal Use AlternativesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mafLuciferasesThionesTranscriptional ActivationSesquiterpenes, GuaianeTanacetum partheniumButylated HydroxyanisoleAnticarcinogenic AgentsCell LineOxidantsTransfectionHydrogen PeroxideEnzyme InductionLeucine ZippersRNA, MessengerGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicGlutathione TransferaseOxidation-ReductionBenzoflavonesHep G2 CellsCell NucleusNADPH DehydrogenaseCells, CulturedTranscription FactorsPlant ExtractsSignal TransductionIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsProtein BindingCell Line, TumorBasic-Leucine Zipper Transcription FactorsBinding SitesCytoprotectionTranscription Factor AP-1CatalaseSuperoxide DismutaseOleanolic AcidHeme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)Tumor Cells, CulturedActive Transport, Cell NucleusUp-RegulationLiverEnhancer Elements, GeneticCyclic AMP Response Element-Binding ProteinReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionMice, KnockoutGlutathione PeroxidaseBlotting, WesternRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidDNA PrimersLipid PeroxidationDNA Transposable ElementsPicratesAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingCytoskeletal ProteinsMutationDose-Response Relationship, DrugGene ExpressionRNA, Small InterferingNuclear ProteinsAcetylcysteineSerum Response ElementCyclooctanesVaccinium myrtillusMice, Inbred C57BLCell SurvivalPeroxiredoxin VIElectrophoretic Mobility Shift AssayDNAReceptors, Retinoic AcidGlutathione ReductaseCyclic AMP Response Element ModulatorAscorbic Acid
Antioxidant Response Elements
Nucleotide sequences that are found in the PROMOTER REGIONS of the genes of stress-responsive and cytoprotective proteins, such as those encoding antioxidant and PHASE II DETOXIFICATION enzymes. NF-E2-RELATED FACTOR 2 containing transcription factors bind to these elements during induction of these genes.
NF-E2-Related Factor 2
A basic-leucine zipper transcription factor that was originally described as a transcriptional regulator controlling expression of the BETA-GLOBIN gene. It may regulate the expression of a wide variety of genes that play a role in protecting cells from oxidative damage.
Antioxidants
Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.
Response Elements
Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions.
NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)
A flavoprotein that reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of NADH or NADPH by various quinones and oxidation-reduction dyes. The enzyme is inhibited by dicoumarol, capsaicin, and caffeine.
Hydroquinones
MafG Transcription Factor
MafG is a ubiquitously expressed small maf protein that is involved in CELL DIFFERENTIATION of ERYTHROCYTES. It dimerizes with P45 NF-E2 PROTEIN and activates expression of ALPHA-GLOBIN and BETA-GLOBIN.
Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase
One of the enzymes active in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. It catalyzes the synthesis of gamma-glutamylcysteine from glutamate and cysteine in the presence of ATP with the formation of ADP and orthophosphate. EC 6.3.2.2.
Isothiocyanates
Organic compounds with the general formula R-NCS.
Thiocyanates
Organic derivatives of thiocyanic acid which contain the general formula R-SCN.
Oxidative Stress
A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).
beta-Naphthoflavone
A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308)
Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1
A transcription factor that controls the expression of variety of proteins including CYTOCHROME C and 5-AMINOLEVULINATE SYNTHETASE. It plays an important role in maintenance of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN of MITOCHONDRIA.
Heme Oxygenase-1
A ubiquitous stress-responsive enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of HEME to yield IRON; CARBON MONOXIDE; and BILIVERDIN.
MafK Transcription Factor
A small Maf protein involved in differentiation of ERYTHROID CELLS. MafK was originally described as the small subunit of the NF-E2 Transcription Factor, but other small MAF PROTEINS also serve as NF-E2 subunits.
Glutathione
A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.
Promoter Regions, Genetic
DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.
NF-E2-Related Factor 1
A basic-leucine zipper transcription factor that is involved in regulating inflammatory responses, MORPHOGENESIS, and HEME biosynthesis.
Gene Expression Regulation
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.
Transcription, Genetic
The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.
DNA-Binding Proteins
Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Genes, Reporter
Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.
Nuclear Respiratory Factors
A family of transcription factors that control expression of a variety of nuclear GENES encoding proteins that function in the RESPIRATORY CHAIN of the MITOCHONDRIA.
Reactive Oxygen Species
Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.
Trans-Activators
Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Animal Use Alternatives
Alternatives to the use of animals in research, testing, and education. The alternatives may include reduction in the number of animals used, replacement of animals with a non-animal model or with animals of a species lower phylogenetically, or refinement of methods to minimize pain and distress of animals used.
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf
Maf proto-oncogene protein is the major cellular homolog of the V-MAF ONCOGENE PROTEIN. It was the first of the mammalian MAF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS identified, and it is induced in activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of INTERLEUKIN-4. c-maf is frequently translocated to an immunoglobulin locus in MULTIPLE MYELOMA.
Luciferases
Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.
Thiones
Transcriptional Activation
Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.
Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane
SESQUITERPENES cyclized into two adjoining rings, one being 7-carbons and the other is 5-carbons.
Tanacetum parthenium
An aromatic perennial plant species that has been used to treat migraines, arthritis, and as a febrifuge. It contains TANNINS, volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), and sesquiterpene lactones, especially parthenolide.
Butylated Hydroxyanisole
Mixture of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenols that is used as an antioxidant in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Anticarcinogenic Agents
Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Oxidants
Electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION).
Transfection
The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.
Hydrogen Peroxide
A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
Enzyme Induction
An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.
Leucine Zippers
DNA-binding motifs formed from two alpha-helixes which intertwine for about eight turns into a coiled coil and then bifurcate to form Y shaped structures. Leucines occurring in heptad repeats end up on the same sides of the helixes and are adjacent to each other in the stem of the Y (the "zipper" region). The DNA-binding residues are located in the bifurcated region of the Y.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.
Glutathione Transferase
A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Benzoflavones
Organic compounds containing a BENZENE ring attached to a flavone group. Some of these are potent arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors. They may also inhibit the binding of NUCLEIC ACIDS to BENZOPYRENES and related compounds. The designation includes all isomers; the 7,8-isomer is most frequently encountered.
Hep G2 Cells
A human liver tumor cell line used to study a variety of liver-specific metabolic functions.
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
NADPH Dehydrogenase
A flavoprotein that reversibly oxidizes NADPH to NADP and a reduced acceptor. EC 1.6.99.1.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Transcription Factors
Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.
Plant Extracts
Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.
Protein Binding
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
Cell Line, Tumor
A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.
Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
A large superfamily of transcription factors that contain a region rich in BASIC AMINO ACID residues followed by a LEUCINE ZIPPER domain.
Binding Sites
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
Cytoprotection
The process by which chemical compounds provide protection to cells against harmful agents.
Transcription Factor AP-1
A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerize in order to bind to the AP-1 recognition site, also known as the TPA-responsive element (TRE). AP-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes.
Catalase
An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to water and oxygen. It is present in many animal cells. A deficiency of this enzyme results in ACATALASIA.
Superoxide Dismutase
An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide. EC 1.15.1.1.
Oleanolic Acid
A pentacyclic triterpene that occurs widely in many PLANTS as the free acid or the aglycone for many SAPONINS. It is biosynthesized from lupane. It can rearrange to the isomer, ursolic acid, or be oxidized to taraxasterol and amyrin.
Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)
A mixed function oxidase enzyme which during hemoglobin catabolism catalyzes the degradation of heme to ferrous iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin in the presence of molecular oxygen and reduced NADPH. The enzyme is induced by metals, particularly cobalt. EC 1.14.99.3.
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.
Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
Gated transport mechanisms by which proteins or RNA are moved across the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE.
Up-Regulation
A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.
Liver
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Enhancer Elements, Genetic
Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.
Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein
A protein that has been shown to function as a calcium-regulated transcription factor as well as a substrate for depolarization-activated CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. This protein functions to integrate both calcium and cAMP signals.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Glutathione Peroxidase
An enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of 2 moles of glutathione in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to yield oxidized glutathione and water. EC 1.11.1.9.
Blotting, Western
Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.
Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.
DNA Primers
Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.
Lipid Peroxidation
Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.
DNA Transposable Elements
Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.
Picrates
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
A broad category of carrier proteins that play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They generally contain several modular domains, each of which having its own binding activity, and act by forming complexes with other intracellular-signaling molecules. Signal-transducing adaptor proteins lack enzyme activity, however their activity can be modulated by other signal-transducing enzymes
Cytoskeletal Proteins
Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Gene Expression
The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.
RNA, Small Interfering
Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.
Nuclear Proteins
Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.
Acetylcysteine
The N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates.
Serum Response Element
A DNA sequence that is found in the promoter region of many growth-related genes. The regulatory transcription factor SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR binds to and regulates the activity of genes containing this element.
Cyclooctanes
A group of compounds with an 8-carbon ring. They may be saturated or unsaturated.
Vaccinium myrtillus
A plant species of the family VACCINIUM.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Cell Survival
The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.
Peroxiredoxin VI
A peroxiredoxin that is a cytosolic bifunctional enzyme. It functions as a peroxiredoxin via a single redox-active cysteine and also contains a Ca2+-independent acidic phospholipase A2 activity.
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
An electrophoretic technique for assaying the binding of one compound to another. Typically one compound is labeled to follow its mobility during electrophoresis. If the labeled compound is bound by the other compound, then the mobility of the labeled compound through the electrophoretic medium will be retarded.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Receptors, Retinoic Acid
Proteins in the nucleus or cytoplasm that specifically bind RETINOIC ACID or RETINOL and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Retinoic acid receptors, like steroid receptors, are ligand-activated transcription regulators. Several types have been recognized.
Glutathione Reductase
Catalyzes the oxidation of GLUTATHIONE to GLUTATHIONE DISULFIDE in the presence of NADP+. Deficiency in the enzyme is associated with HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA. Formerly listed as EC 1.6.4.2.
Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator
Cyclic AMP response element modulator is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that is regulated by CYCLIC AMP. It plays an important role in SPERMATID development in the mammalian TESTIS.
Ascorbic Acid
A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.
Free Radical Scavengers
Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.
Retinoid X Receptors
A subtype of RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS that are specific for 9-cis-retinoic acid which function as nuclear TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that regulate multiple signaling pathways.
MafF Transcription Factor
A small maf protein that forms dimers with NRF1 protein; NRF2 PROTEIN; and P45 NF-E2 PROTEIN. MafF complexes bind Maf recognition elements to regulate tissue-specific GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION.
Enzyme Inhibitors
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
Glutathione Disulfide
A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.
Malondialdehyde
The dialdehyde of malonic acid.
Plasmids
Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.
Vitamin D Response Element
A DNA sequence that is found in the promoter region of vitamin D regulated genes. Vitamin D receptor (RECEPTOR, CALCITRIOL) binds to and regulates the activity of genes containing this element.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.
tert-Butylhydroperoxide
A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.
Receptors, Thyroid Hormone
Specific high affinity binding proteins for THYROID HORMONES in target cells. They are usually found in the nucleus and regulate DNA transcription. These receptors are activated by hormones that leads to transcription, cell differentiation, and growth suppression. Thyroid hormone receptors are encoded by two genes (GENES, ERBA): erbA-alpha and erbA-beta for alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors, respectively.
Vitamin E
A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.
Repressor Proteins
Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-fos genes (GENES, FOS). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. c-fos combines with c-jun (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-JUN) to form a c-fos/c-jun heterodimer (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1) that binds to the TRE (TPA-responsive element) in promoters of certain genes.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Glutathione Synthase
One of the enzymes active in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. It catalyzes the synthesis of glutathione from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine in the presence of ATP with the formation of ADP and orthophosphate. EC 6.3.2.3.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.
Ipomoea nil
A plant species of the genus IPOMOEA, family CONVOLVULACEAE. An abundance of spontaneous mutants makes it useful in study of PLANT DNA and GENETICS.
Maleates
Phenols
Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun
Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-jun genes (GENES, JUN). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. There appear to be three distinct functions: dimerization (with c-fos), DNA-binding, and transcriptional activation. Oncogenic transformation can take place by constitutive expression of c-jun.
Trace Elements
A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Serum Response Factor
A MADS domain-containing transcription factor that binds to the SERUM RESPONSE ELEMENT in the promoter-enhancer region of many genes. It is one of the four founder proteins that structurally define the superfamily of MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS.
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Consensus Sequence
A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.
Curcumin
A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Arsenic
A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).
Receptors, Glucocorticoid
Cytoplasmic proteins that specifically bind glucocorticoids and mediate their cellular effects. The glucocorticoid receptor-glucocorticoid complex acts in the nucleus to induce transcription of DNA. Glucocorticoids were named for their actions on blood glucose concentration, but they have equally important effects on protein and fat metabolism. Cortisol is the most important example.
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
Low-molecular-weight end products, probably malondialdehyde, that are formed during the decomposition of lipid peroxidation products. These compounds react with thiobarbituric acid to form a fluorescent red adduct.
Metallothionein
A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.
Metabolic Detoxication, Drug
Reduction of pharmacologic activity or toxicity of a drug or other foreign substance by a living system, usually by enzymatic action. It includes those metabolic transformations that make the substance more soluble for faster renal excretion.
Elements
Substances that comprise all matter. Each element is made up of atoms that are identical in number of electrons and protons and in nuclear charge, but may differ in mass or number of neutrons.
Sulfhydryl Compounds
Compounds containing the -SH radical.
Biphenyl Compounds
HeLa Cells
The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.
Cloning, Molecular
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
Plant Leaves
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
COS Cells
CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)
Phosphorylation
The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.
Finite Element Analysis
A computer based method of simulating or analyzing the behavior of structures or components.
Fumarates
Compounds based on fumaric acid.
Mice, Transgenic
Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.
Models, Biological
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Hepatocytes
The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.
Arsenites
Inorganic salts or organic esters of arsenious acid.
DNA, Complementary
Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.
RNA Interference
A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.
Tretinoin
An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).
Receptors, Steroid
Proteins found usually in the cytoplasm or nucleus that specifically bind steroid hormones and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. The steroid receptor-steroid hormone complex regulates the transcription of specific genes.
CREB-Binding Protein
A member of the p300-CBP transcription factor family that was initially identified as a binding partner for CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN. Mutations in CREB-binding protein are associated with RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI SYNDROME.
Environmental Pollutants
Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.
Flavonoids
A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.
Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional
Nucleotide sequences of a gene that are involved in the regulation of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION.
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.
Fibroblasts
Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
Neuroprotective Agents
Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.
Structure-Activity Relationship
The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.
Sequence Deletion
Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.
Alu Elements
The Alu sequence family (named for the restriction endonuclease cleavage enzyme Alu I) is the most highly repeated interspersed repeat element in humans (over a million copies). It is derived from the 7SL RNA component of the SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE and contains an RNA polymerase III promoter. Transposition of this element into coding and regulatory regions of genes is responsible for many heritable diseases.
Astrocytes
A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.
alpha-Tocopherol
A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.
Free Radicals
Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Restriction Mapping
Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.
Genes, fos
Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (fos) originally isolated from the Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins (FBJ-MSV) and Finkel-Biskis-Reilly (FBR-MSV) murine sarcoma viruses. The proto-oncogene protein c-fos codes for a nuclear protein which is involved in growth-related transcriptional control. The insertion of c-fos into FBJ-MSV or FBR-MSV induces osteogenic sarcomas in mice. The human c-fos gene is located at 14q21-31 on the long arm of chromosome 14.
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.
Cyclic AMP
An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.
Lung
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
5' Flanking Region
The region of DNA which borders the 5' end of a transcription unit and where a variety of regulatory sequences are located.
Polyphenols
A large class of organic compounds having more than one PHENOL group.
Gene Expression Profiling
The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.
Enzyme Activation
Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.
Sulfonic Acids
Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical.
Sp1 Transcription Factor
Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the GC box, one of the upstream promoter elements, in mammalian cells. The binding of Sp1 is necessary for the initiation of transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral GENES.
DNA Footprinting
A method for determining the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins. DNA footprinting utilizes a DNA damaging agent (either a chemical reagent or a nuclease) which cleaves DNA at every base pair. DNA cleavage is inhibited where the ligand binds to DNA. (from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Recombinant Proteins
Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
Mice, Inbred ICR
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
A large multisubunit complex that plays an important role in the degradation of most of the cytosolic and nuclear proteins in eukaryotic cells. It contains a 700-kDa catalytic sub-complex and two 700-kDa regulatory sub-complexes. The complex digests ubiquitinated proteins and protein activated via ornithine decarboxylase antizyme.
beta Carotene
A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)
Stress, Physiological
The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. Prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect HOMEOSTASIS of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions.
Thiophenes
Triiodothyronine
A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.
Conserved Sequence
A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.
Neurons
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
HEK293 Cells
A cell line generated from human embryonic kidney cells that were transformed with human adenovirus type 5.
Ubiquitination
The act of ligating UBIQUITINS to PROTEINS to form ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes to label proteins for transport to the PROTEASOME ENDOPEPTIDASE COMPLEX where proteolysis occurs.
Introns
Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene
A di-tert-butyl PHENOL with antioxidant properties.
Dimerization
The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.
Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements
Highly repeated sequences, 6K-8K base pairs in length, which contain RNA polymerase II promoters. They also have an open reading frame that is related to the reverse transcriptase of retroviruses but they do not contain LTRs (long terminal repeats). Copies of the LINE 1 (L1) family form about 15% of the human genome. The jockey elements of Drosophila are LINEs.
Gene Knockdown Techniques
The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.
Carotenoids
The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of a polyisoprene backbone.

HIV-1 gp120 induces antioxidant response element-mediated expression in primary astrocytes: role in HIV associated neurocognitive disorder. (1/39)

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Polyphenols, isothiocyanates, and carotenoid derivatives enhance estrogenic activity in bone cells but inhibit it in breast cancer cells. (2/39)

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Epigallocatechin gallate induces expression of heme oxygenase-1 in endothelial cells via p38 MAPK and Nrf-2 that suppresses proinflammatory actions of TNF-alpha. (3/39)

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Regulatory role of KEAP1 and NRF2 in PPARgamma expression and chemoresistance in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells. (4/39)

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The Nrf2-ARE pathway: a valuable therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. (5/39)

Modulation of NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been shown in several neurodegenerative disorders. The overexpression of Nrf2 has become a potential therapeutic avenue for various neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. The expression of phase II detoxification enzymes is governed by the cis-acting regulatory element known as antioxidant response element (ARE). The transcription factor Nrf2 binds to ARE thereby transcribing multitude of antioxidant genes. Keap1, a culin 3-based E3 ligase that targets Nrf2 for degradation, sequesters Nrf2 in cytoplasm. Disruption of Keap1-Nrf2 interaction or genetic overexpression of Nrf2 can increase the endogenous antioxidant capacity of the brain thereby rendering protection against oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders. This review primarily focuses on recent patents that target Nrf2 overexpression as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.  (+info)

Up-regulation of human prostaglandin reductase 1 improves the efficacy of hydroxymethylacylfulvene, an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent. (6/39)

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Activation of antioxidant response element in mouse primary cortical cultures with sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Tanacetum parthenium. (7/39)

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Molecular basis of electrophilic and oxidative defense: promises and perils of Nrf2. (8/39)

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Nuclear factor-like 2, NRF2, NFE2L2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [RP-123] - $250.00 : Excellgen, Recombinant...Nuclear factor-like 2, NRF2, NFE2L2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [RP-123] - $250.00 : Excellgen, Recombinant...
Excellgen Nuclear factor-like 2, NRF2, NFE2L2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [RP-123] - Product Name Nuclear factor-like 2, NRF2, NFE2L2 Size 100 µg Description Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, also known as NFE2L2 or Nrf2, is a transcription factor that binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) of target genes in response to oxidative stress and increases the transcription of a variety of antioxidative and carcinogen-detoxification enzymes. Stress
http://www.excellgen.com/cancer-proteins-c-28/nuclear-factorlike-2-nrf2-nfe2l2-nuclear-factor-erythroid-2related-factor-2-p-56486.html
Nuclear Factor Erythroid Derived 2 Research Products: Novus BiologicalsNuclear Factor Erythroid Derived 2 Research Products: Novus Biologicals
Nuclear Factor Erythroid Derived 2 products available through Novus Biologicals. Browse our Nuclear Factor Erythroid Derived 2 product catalog backed by our Guarantee+.
https://www.novusbio.com/common-name/nuclear-factor-erythroid-derived-2
Activation of antioxidant response and induction of HMO | Open-iActivation of antioxidant response and induction of HMO | Open-i
Activation of antioxidant response and induction of HMOX1. (A) Representative immunoblots of total cellular proteins (20 μg) illustrating the effect of 25 μM
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC2175339_gkm638f1&req=4
Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 PathwayNuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Pathway
This is a short article explaining the significance of Nrf2, a major regulator of antioxidant response and Keap1 regulation of Nrf2.
https://nwlifescience.com/nuclear-factor-erythroid-2-pathway
Apoptosis, Toll-like, RIG-I-like and NOD-like Receptors Are Pathways Jointly Induced by Diverse Respiratory Bacterial and Viral...Apoptosis, Toll-like, RIG-I-like and NOD-like Receptors Are Pathways Jointly Induced by Diverse Respiratory Bacterial and Viral...
UCL Discovery is UCLs open access repository, showcasing and providing access to UCL research outputs from all UCL disciplines.
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10064123/
High sensitivity of Nrf2 knockout mice to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity associated with decreased expression of ARE-regulated...High sensitivity of Nrf2 knockout mice to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity associated with decreased expression of ARE-regulated...
筑波大学の研究情報ポータル、COmmunity of Tsukuba Researchers、略してCOTREにようこそ！このサイトでは、筑波大学に所属する研究者の情報、筑波大学が誇る高被引用論文、研究推進体制、学内の諸手続きなど筑波大学の「研究」についての情報を網羅的に紹介しています。筑波大学の研究大学強化促進事業の目玉、国際テニュアトラックについても本サイトで情報公開しています。
http://ura.sec.tsukuba.ac.jp/archives/2912
Nrf2 signaling in coordinated activation of antioxidant gene expressionNrf2 signaling in coordinated activation of antioxidant gene expression
Antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated expression and coordinated induction of antioxidant enzymes is a critical mechanism of protection against chemically induced oxidative/electrophilic stress. NF-E2-related nuclear factors (Nrf1 and Nrf2) bind to ARE and regulate ARE-mediated gene expression …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15110384/?dopt=Abstract
The NFE2L2 gene and its putative association with human ageingThe NFE2L2 gene and its putative association with human ageing
This gene encodes a transcription factor which is a member of a small family of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins. The encoded transcription factor regulates genes which contain antioxidant response elements (ARE) in their promoters; many of these genes encode proteins involved in response to injury and inflammation which includes the production of free radicals. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been characterized for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015 ...
http://genomics.senescence.info/cells/gene.php?gene_name=NFE2L2
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation induces myofibroblastic dedifferentiation in idiopathic...Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation induces myofibroblastic dedifferentiation in idiopathic...
PubMedID: 22703534 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation induces myofibroblastic dedifferentiation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | Antioxidants & redox signaling | 1/1/2013
https://www.docphin.com/research/article-detail/4138719/PubMedID-22703534/Nuclear-factor-erythroid-2-related-factor-2-nuclear-translocation-induces-myofibroblastic-dedifferentiation-in-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis
Stony Brook UniversityStony Brook University
Synthesis and biological evaluation of biotin conjugates of (±)-(4bS,8aR,10aS)-10a-ethynyl-4b,8,8-trimethyl- 3,7-dioxo-3,4b,7,8,8a,9,10,10a-octahydro-phenanthrene-2,6-dicarbonitrile, an activator of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, for the isolation of its protein targets, A. Saito, M. Higgins, S. Zheng, W. Li, I. Ojima, A. T. Dinkova-Kostova, and T. Honda, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 23, 5540-5543 (2013). PMID: ...
http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/ojima_group/news/publications.html
Rat Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) ELISA Kit - Abbkine - Antibodies, proteins, biochemicals, assay kits...Rat Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) ELISA Kit - Abbkine - Antibodies, proteins, biochemicals, assay kits...
Nrf2 is a master regulator of the antioxidant response. The antioxidant response is important for the amelioration of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can result in cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, neurological diseases, and renal disease. Because Nrf2 is able to induce genes important in combating oxidative stress, thereby activating the bodys own protective response, it is able to protect from a variety of [oxidative stress]-related complications , even in situations where the administration of exogenous antioxidants have failed.NFE2, NFE2L1, and NFE2L2 comprise a family of human genes encoding basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors. They share highly conserved regions that are distinct from other bZIP families, such as JUN and FOS, although remaining regions have diverged considerably from each other.
https://www.abbkine.com/product/rat-nuclear-factor-erythroid-2-related-factor-2-nfe2l2-elisa-kit-kte100880/
Anti-PCBP2/hnRNP E2 antibody [376CT13.1.2] (ab61334)Anti-PCBP2/hnRNP E2 antibody [376CT13.1.2] (ab61334)
Mouse monoclonal PCBP2/hnRNP E2 antibody [376CT13.1.2] validated for WB and tested in Human. Immunogen corresponding to recombinant full length protein
http://www.abcam.com/pcbp2hnrnp-e2-antibody-376ct1312-ab61334.html
Nutritional strategies to modulate inflammation and oxidative stress pathways via activation of the master antioxidant switch...Nutritional strategies to modulate inflammation and oxidative stress pathways via activation of the master antioxidant switch...
The nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in cellular protection against cancer, renal, pulmonary, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases where oxidative stress and inflammation are common conditions. The Nrf2 regulates the expression of detoxifying enzymes by reco …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23643732/
Lavender Vanilla Jewelry Wax MeltLavender Vanilla Jewelry Wax Melt
Jumbo Jewelry Wax Melts are fragrant soy-wax candles that come with a jewelry surprise inside! A necklace, earrings, a bracelet, or a ring in sizes 5 through 11, its a total surprise!
https://jewelryincandles.com/collections/jewelry-wax-melts/products/lavender-vanilla-jumbo-jewelry-wax-melt
Antioxidant Response of Osteoblasts to Doxycycline in an Inflammatory Model Induced by C-reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 |...Antioxidant Response of Osteoblasts to Doxycycline in an Inflammatory Model Induced by C-reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 |...
Title:Antioxidant Response of Osteoblasts to Doxycycline in an Inflammatory Model Induced by C-reactive Protein and Interleukin-6. VOLUME: 14 ISSUE: 1. Author(s):A. Tilakaratne and Mena Soory. Affiliation:Kings College London Dental Institute, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RW, UK.. Keywords:Antioxidant responses, CRP, doxycycline, IL-6, DHT and AR, osteoblasts, periodontitis and systemic comorbidities, redox healing, risk markers.. Abstract:Objectives: Investigation of osteoblastic responses to oxidative stress, induced by C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 and ameliorating effects of doxycycline (Dox); using assays for 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone (DHT) as an antioxidant marker of healing. IL-6 and CRP are risk markers of periodontitis and prevalent comorbidities in periodontitis subjects. Methods: Confluent monolayer cultures of osteoblasts were incubated with radiolabelled testosterone (14C-T) as substrate, in the presence or absence (Control) of pre-determined optimal concentrations of CRP, IL-6, ...
https://www.eurekaselect.com/124212/article?tracking-code=4
Chemopreventive role of anthocyanins in atherosclerosis via activation of Nrf2-ARE as an indicator and modulator of redoxChemopreventive role of anthocyanins in atherosclerosis via activation of Nrf2-ARE as an indicator and modulator of redox
View more ,Anthocyanins have been reported to induce the expression of enzymes involved in both cellular antioxidant defenses and attenuating inflammation-associated pathogenesis. Induction of such enzymes by edible anthocyanin largely accounts for their atherosclerosis chemo-protective activities. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an essential role in the coordinated induction of those genes encoding redox-responsive and cellular defense antioxidant enzyme termed antioxidant response element (ARE). Current studies have revealed that Nrf2-ARE signaling is involved in attenuating inflammation-associated pathogenesis such as atherosclerosis. Conversely, reduction in Nrf2 signaling leads to enhanced susceptibility to oxidative stress and inflammatory tissue injuries. The activation of Nrf2-ARE might inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediator including cyclooxygenase-2, chemokines, cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and induction nitric oxide synthase. This review ...
https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/handle/10072/141401
Nrf2 enhances resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, the dark side of Nrf2 : Carcinogenesis - oiNrf2 enhances resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, the dark side of Nrf2 : Carcinogenesis - oi
Drug resistance during chemotherapy is the major obstacle to the successful treatment of many cancers. Here, we report that inhibition of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) may be a promising strategy to combat chemoresistance. Nrf2 is a critical transcription factor regulating a cellular protective response that defends cells against toxic insults from a broad spectrum of chemicals. Under normal conditions, the low constitutive amount of Nrf2 protein is maintained by the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1 (Keap1)-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation system. Upon activation, this Keap1-dependent Nrf2 degradation mechanism is quickly inactivated, resulting in accumulation and activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent cytoprotective genes. Since its discovery, Nrf2 has been viewed as a good transcription factor that protects us from many diseases. In this study, we demonstrate the dark side of Nrf2: stable overexpression of Nrf2 resulted in enhanced resistance of ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/carcin/bgn095
Rabbit Polyclonal to MLK1/2 phospho-Thr312/266) | Novel small molecule EGFR inhibitors as candidate drugsRabbit Polyclonal to MLK1/2 phospho-Thr312/266) | Novel small molecule EGFR inhibitors as candidate drugs
The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response elements pathway enables cells to survive oxidative stress conditions through regulating the expression of cytoprotective enzymes such as for example NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). in the binding pocket (Arg483, Tyr525, and Phe478) set alongside the indigenous ligand or any additional compound with this series. (%): 319 (M+) (3.23), 204 (100). Calculated for C21H25N3 (319): C, 78.96; H, 7.89; N, 13.15. Found out: C, 78.59; H, 8.13; N, 12.81. (%): 333 (M+) (12.7), 255 (100). Calculated for C22H27N3 (333.47): C, 79.24; H, 8.16; N, 12.60. Found out: C, 79.50; H, 7.84; N, 12.25. 2-Phenyl-(%): 318 (M+) (22.5), 247 (100). Calculated for C20H22N4 (318): C, 75.44; H, 6.96; N, 17.60. Found out: C, 75.09; H, 6.63; U-69593 IC50 N, 17.92. (%): 332 (M+) (21.6), 316 (100). Calculated for C21H24N4 (332): C, 75.87; H, 7.28; N, 16.85. Found out: C, 76.11; H, 7.57; N, 17.20. (%): 328 ...
https://osi-930.info/tag/rabbit-polyclonal-to-mlk1-2-phospho-thr312-266/
Effect of boron deficiency on photosynthesis and antioxidant responses of young tea plantlets, Russian Journal of Plant...Effect of boron deficiency on photosynthesis and antioxidant responses of young tea plantlets, Russian Journal of Plant...
Read Effect of boron deficiency on photosynthesis and antioxidant responses of young tea plantlets, Russian Journal of Plant Physiology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer-journals/effect-of-boron-deficiency-on-photosynthesis-and-antioxidant-responses-m40tWc9vgZ
Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: 2010Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: 2010
An Italian doctor says that he came up with a cure for many types of MS. He also feels that he knows what cause these types of the disease. The doctors name is Paolo Zamboni. He says that there are pathways in the brain that get rid of extra iron that the brain does not need. In the brains of MS patients, they passages are blocked, which causes a build up of iron in the brain. The cure, he says, is a surgery to open some of the main veins in the brain that aid in moving this extra iron. his research all started when MS hit close to home, his wife was diagnosed. He began doing deep and intense research on the disease and found very old information on a the theory of iron build-up as the cause. When the iron builds up in the brain, it damages blood vessels that are vital to the body. He began taking ultrasounds on all of the patients he was treating for MS. Surprisingly these ultrasounds confirmed his theory. More than 90% of the patients have some sort of blockage in the veins that drain blood ...
http://diagnosisofmultiplesclerosis.blogspot.com/2010/
成功大學電子學位論文服務成功大學電子學位論文服務
細胞內的氧化還原狀態不平衡，與起始和促進發炎相關疾病發展有關，如癌症、代謝症候群、老化和敗血症。慢性或急性發炎反應誘導產生之活性氧自由基 (ROS) 與親電子試劑，不僅造成DNA損傷與突變，更引起癌初始細胞內多重基因之表觀遺傳學的改變，而導致腫瘤細胞增生和轉移。此外，轉錄因子NF-B和Nrf2 ...
http://etds.lib.ncku.edu.tw/etdservice/view_metadata?etdun=U0026-0501201701274200&start=61&end=80&from=DEPT&deptid=D0026007010
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Differential Antioxidant Responses and Perturbed Porphyrin Biosynthesis after Exposure to Oxyfluorfen...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Differential Antioxidant Responses and Perturbed Porphyrin Biosynthesis after Exposure to Oxyfluorfen...
We compared antioxidant responses and regulation of porphyrin metabolism in rice plants treated with oxyfluorfen (OF) or methyl viologen (MV). Plants treated with MV exhibited not only greater increases in conductivity and malondialdehyde but also a greater decline in Fv/Fm, compared to plants treated with OF. MV-treated plants had greater increases in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as transcript levels of SODA and CATA than OF-treated plants after 28 h of the treatments, whereas increases in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and transcript levels of APXA and APXB were greater in OF-treated plants. Both OF- and MV-treated plants resulted in not only down-regulation of most genes involved in porphyrin biosynthesis but also disappearance of Mg-porphyrins during the late stage of photooxidative stress. By contrast, up-regulation of heme oxygenase 2 (HO2) is possibly part of an efficient antioxidant response to compensate photooxidative damage in both treatments. Our
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/16/7/16529
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Frataxin Deficiency Leads to Reduced Expression and Impaired Translocation of NF-E2-Related Factor ...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Frataxin Deficiency Leads to Reduced Expression and Impaired Translocation of NF-E2-Related Factor ...
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Friedreichs Ataxia (FRDA), a neurodegenerative disease caused by the decreased expression of frataxin, a mitochondrial protein responsible of iron homeostasis. Under conditions of oxidative stress, the activation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) triggers the antioxidant cellular response by inducing antioxidant response element (ARE) driven genes. Increasing evidence supports a role for the Nrf2-ARE pathway in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we analyzed the expression and the distribution of Nrf2 in silenced neurons for frataxin gene. Decreased Nrf2 mRNA content and a defective activation after treatment with pro-oxidants have been evidenced in frataxin-silenced neurons by RT-PCR and confocal microscopy. The loss of Nrf2 in FRDA may greatly enhance the cellular susceptibility to oxidative stress and make FRDA neurons more vulnerable to injury. Our findings may help to focus on this promising target, especially
http://mdpi.com/1422-0067/14/4/7853
Relevance of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of exemestane and synergism with sulforaphane for disease prevention<...Relevance of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of exemestane and synergism with sulforaphane for disease prevention<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Relevance of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of exemestane and synergism with sulforaphane for disease prevention. AU - Liu, Hua. AU - Talalay, Paul. PY - 2013/11/19. Y1 - 2013/11/19. N2 - Exemestane (6-methyleneandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione) is a synthetic steroidal inhibitor of the aromatase reaction that catalyzes the terminal and rate-limiting step of the biosynthesis of estrogens. It is active clinically in preventing, delaying progression of, and treating mammary cancers, many of which are estrogen receptor-positive. A striking feature of the structure of exemestane is an extended system of conjugated Michael reaction functions, which is also characteristic of inducers of a broad network of chemoprotective genes regulated by the Keap1 (Kelch-like ECAassociated protein)/Nrf2 (nuclear factor E2-related factor 2)/ARE (antioxidant response element) signaling system. These genes are largely involved in xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidative and anti-inflammatory ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/relevance-of-anti-inflammatory-and-antioxidant-activities-of-exem-3
Plus itPlus it
Chronic treatment with azathioprine, a highly effective anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent, profoundly increases the risk for development of unusually aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Its ultimate metabolite, 6-thioguanine (6-TG) nucleotide, is incorporated in DNA of skin cells, and upon exposure to UVA radiation, causes oxidative stress, followed by damage of DNA and associated proteins. The acetylenic tricyclic bis(cyano enone) TBE-31 is a strong inhibitor of inflammation and a potent inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, which orchestrates the expression of a large network of cytoprotective genes. We now report that long-term (five days per week for four weeks) topical daily applications of small (200 nmol) quantities of TBE-31 cause a robust systemic induction of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway and decreases the 6-TG incorporation in DNA of skin, blood, and liver of azathioprine-treated mice, indicating extraordinary bioavailability and efficacy. In addition, TBE-31, at ...
http://cancerpreventionresearch.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2012/06/12/1940-6207.CAPR-12-0041
7,8‑Dihydroxyflavone activates Nrf2/HO‑1 signaling pathways and protects against osteoarthritis7,8‑Dihydroxyflavone activates Nrf2/HO‑1 signaling pathways and protects against osteoarthritis
Excessive oxidative stress is a common pathological mechanism, which has been demonstrated to be involved in the progression of OA (16-18). Excessive oxidative stress can increase the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and alter the function of multiple signaling pathways in chondrocytes, causing cell dysfunction, extracellular matrix degradation and the programmed cell death or necrosis of chondrocytes during OA (19-21). Nrf2 is known to regulate antioxidant protein expression, which protects against the oxidative damage induced by inflammation and injury. Usually, Nrf2 resides in the cytoplasm and translocates to the nucleus during conditions of stress. Nrf2 binds to the antioxidant response elements, which are located in the promoter region, and one of the target genes is HO-1, which counteracts the oxidative damage in various tissue injuries (22-24). The expression of HO-1 has been reported to be upregulated in numerous inflammatory diseases, as a physiological response to oxidant damage in ...
https://www.spandidos-publications.com/etm/18/3/1677
R827352C002 (Final)R827352C002 (Final)
Aim 1 was to elucidate the effects of diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) and ambient PM components on the generation of oxidative stress and inflammation in cellular studies performed in vitro. We demonstrated that DEP induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells, and that these effects can be reproduced by methanol extracts made from these particles. ROS generation by pro-oxidative PM chemicals induced a hierarchical oxidative stress response in which a protective antioxidant defense (Tier 1) upgrades to pro-inflammatory (Tier 2) and cytotoxic effects (Tier 3) as the level of oxidative stress increases. An example of a Tier 1 antioxidant defense is the expression of HO-1. This gene is activated by the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. This transcription factor drives the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter of phase II enzymes, leading to increased expression of hemoxygenase-1, glutathione-S- transferase, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase, ...
https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8458/report/F
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20036171 - NRF2 cysteine residues are critical for oxidant/electrophile-sensing, Kelch-like...NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20036171 - NRF2 cysteine residues are critical for oxidant/electrophile-sensing, Kelch-like...
Cells respond to oxidants and electrophiles by activating receptor/transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to coordinate the induction of cytoprotective genes critical for defense against oxidative and other stresses. Activation involves blocking the ubiquitination-proteasomal degradation of Nrf2. Modification of cysteine thiol groups by inducers in the linker regio
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20036171.html
CellSensor™ ARE-<i>bla</i> Hep...CellSensor™ ARE-<i>bla</i> Hep...
The CellSensor ARE-bla Hep G2 cell line is responsive to tBHQ and Sulforaphane and can be used for analyzing the Nrf2/antioxidant response signaling pathway using the GeneBLAzer Loading Substrates. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage biological macromolecules and are detrimental to cellular hea
https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/K1633
The Intervertebral Discs, Red Deer Chiropractor Chiropractic Red Deer Chiropractors Alberta T4R 2C3The Intervertebral Discs, Red Deer Chiropractor Chiropractic Red Deer Chiropractors Alberta T4R 2C3
There are 3 main types of disc injuries. The first disc injury consists of annular fiber tears which do not extend to the outer aspects of the disc. Thus, the inner nuclear material is prevented from completely escaping the disc. The second type of disc injury, commonly referred to as a disc herniation, consists of annular tears which run from the innermost aspects of the annulus (where the nucleus is) to the outermost aspects of the annulus. In this type of injury, the pressurized nuclear material can squeeze through the tears in the annulus and escape to the outside of the disc. When this occurs, the nuclear material may come in contact with nearby spinal nerves and even the spinal cord. In the third type of disc injury, referred to as a disc bulge, the inner nucleus loses hydration; common in those with prolonged spinal stress and the elderly. This results in bulging of the disc much like a tire bulges when it contains inadequate amounts of air. Similar to the previous injury, the nearby ...
https://www.family1stchiro.ca/index.php?p=51089
Regulation of Notch1 Signaling by Nrf2: Implications for Tissue Regeneration | Science SignalingRegulation of Notch1 Signaling by Nrf2: Implications for Tissue Regeneration | Science Signaling
The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway elicits an adaptive response for cell survival after endogenous and exogenous stresses, such as inflammation and carcinogens, respectively. Keap1 inhibits the transcriptional activation activity of Nrf2 (p45 nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2) in unstressed cells by facilitating its degradation. Through transcriptional analyses in Keap1- or Nrf2-disrupted mice, we identified interactions between the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE and the Notch1 signaling pathways. We found that Nrf2 recognized a functional antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter of Notch1. Notch1 regulates processes such as proliferation and cell fate decisions. We report a functional role for this cross talk between the two pathways and show that disruption of Nrf2 impeded liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy and was rescued by reestablishment of Notch1 signaling.. ...
http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/3/130/ra52
Proteomic analysis of Nrf2 deficient transgenic mice reveals cellular defence and lipid metabolism as primary Nrf2-dependent...Proteomic analysis of Nrf2 deficient transgenic mice reveals cellular defence and lipid metabolism as primary Nrf2-dependent...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Proteomic analysis of Nrf2 deficient transgenic mice reveals cellular defence and lipid metabolism as primary Nrf2-dependent pathways in the liver. AU - Kitteringham, Neil R.. AU - Abdullah, Azman. AU - Walsh, Joanne. AU - Randle, Laura. AU - Jenkins, Rosalind E.. AU - Sison, Rowena. AU - Goldring, Christopher E.P.. AU - Powell, Helen. AU - Sanderson, Christopher. AU - Williams, Samantha. AU - Higgins, Larry. AU - Yamamoto, Masayuki. AU - Hayes, John. AU - Park, B. Kevin. PY - 2010/6/16. Y1 - 2010/6/16. N2 - The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates expression of multiple cellular defence proteins through the antioxidant response element (ARE). Nrf2-deficient mice (Nrf2-/-) are highly susceptible to xenobiotic-mediated toxicity, but the precise molecular basis of enhanced toxicity is unknown. Oligonucleotide array studies suggest that a wide range of gene products is altered constitutively, however no equivalent proteomics analyses have been conducted. To define the range of ...
https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/proteomic-analysis-of-nrf2-deficient-transgenic-mice-reveals-cell
The Microwave Factor: 7/20/14 - 7/27/14The Microwave Factor: 7/20/14 - 7/27/14
Kang-fu-ling (KFL) is a polybotanical dietary supplement with antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of KFL on cognitive deficit induced by high-power microwave (HPM) and the underlying mechanism for this neuroprotection. The electron spin resonance technique was employed to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of KFL in vitro and KFL exhibited scavenging hydroxyl radical activity. KFL at doses of 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g kg-1 and vehicle were administered orally once daily for 14 days to male Wistar rats after being exposed to 30 mW cm-2 HPM for 15 minutes. KFL reversed HPM-induced memory loss and the histopathological changes in hippocampus of rats. In addition, KFL displayed a protective effect against HPM-induced oxidative stress and activated the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its target genes in the hippocampus of rats. The Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway may be involved in the neuroprotective effects ...
https://emfrefugee.blogspot.com/2014_07_20_archive.html
Aging as a Related Factor of the Nursing Diagnosis Impaired Memory: Content ValidationAging as a Related Factor of the Nursing Diagnosis Impaired Memory: Content Validation
PURPOSE. the purpose of this study was to conduct a content validation for the elements of the nursing diagnosis Impaired Memory and include aging as a related factor.METHOD. Fehrings (1987) model of diagnosis content validation was used, with the participation of 18 experts.FINDING. the definition, defining characteristics, and related factors of NANDA-I were evaluated by experts, as was the proposed related factor aging.CONCLUSIONS. Elements of the NANDA-I diagnosis Impaired Memory and the proposed related factor of aging were validated in the Brazilian context. A clinical validation of this related factor will be necessary to build evidence for this relationship.IMPLICATIONS for NURSING PRACTICE. NANDA-I diagnoses should be tested and validated in the elderly, in order to take their specific needs into account, thus contributing to quality nursing care for these patients ...
http://www.repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/32139
Polymeric procyanidin fraction from defatted grape seeds protects HepG2 cells against oxidative stress by inducing phase II...Polymeric procyanidin fraction from defatted grape seeds protects HepG2 cells against oxidative stress by inducing phase II...
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that regulates antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven phase II detoxification enzymes. In this study, inducti
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10068-013-0105-x
Antioxidant responses to simulated acid rain and heavy metal deposition in birch seedlings - Research - Royal Holloway,...Antioxidant responses to simulated acid rain and heavy metal deposition in birch seedlings - Research - Royal Holloway,...
Antioxidant responses to simulated acid rain and heavy metal deposition in birch seedlings. / Koricheva, J.; Roy, S.; Vranjic, J.A.; Haukioja, E.; Hughes, P.R.; Hänninen, O.. In: Environmental Pollution, Vol. 95, 1997, p. 249-258.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article ...
https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/antioxidant-responses-to-simulated-acid-rain-and-heavy-metal-deposition-in-birch-seedlings
Nrf2/ARE Pathway Involved in Oxidative Stress Induced by Paraquat in Human Neural Progenitor CellsNrf2/ARE Pathway Involved in Oxidative Stress Induced by Paraquat in Human Neural Progenitor Cells
Compelling evidences have shown that diverse environmental insults arising during early life can either directly lead to a reduction in the number of dopaminergic neurons or cause an increased susceptibility to neurons degeneration with subsequent environmental insults or with aging alone. Oxidative stress is considered the main effect of neurotoxins exposure. In this study, we investigated the oxidative stress effect of Paraquat (PQ) on immortalized human embryonic neural progenitor cells by treating them with various concentrations of PQ. We show that PQ can decrease the activity of SOD and CAT but increase MDA and LDH level. Furthermore, the activities of Cyc and caspase-9 were found increased significantly at 10 |i|μ|/i|M of PQ treatment. The cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expressions were upregulated at 10 |i|μ|/i|M but fell back at 100 |i|μ|/i|M. The nuclear Nrf2 protein expressions were upregulated as well as the downstream mRNA expressions of HO-1 and NQO1 in a
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2016/8923860/
Mechanisms of Action Involved in Ozone Therapy: Is healing induced via a mild oxidative stress? | Medical Gas Research | Full...Mechanisms of Action Involved in Ozone Therapy: Is healing induced via a mild oxidative stress? | Medical Gas Research | Full...
The potential mechanisms of action of ozone therapy are reviewed in this paper. The therapeutic efficacy of ozone therapy may be partly due the controlled and moderate oxidative stress produced by the reactions of ozone with several biological components. The line between effectiveness and toxicity of ozone may be dependent on the strength of the oxidative stress. As with exercise, it is well known that moderate exercise is good for health, whereas excessive exercise is not. Severe oxidative stress activates nuclear transcriptional factor kappa B (NFκB), resulting in an inflammatory response and tissue injury via the production of COX2, PGE2, and cytokines. However, moderate oxidative stress activates another nuclear transcriptional factor, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 then induces the transcription of antioxidant response elements (ARE). Transcription of ARE results in the production of numerous antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, GPx, glutathione-s-transferase(GSTr),
https://medicalgasresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-9912-1-29
Emerging role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in the mechanism of action and resistance to anticancer therapiesEmerging role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in the mechanism of action and resistance to anticancer therapies
Cancer Drug Resistance is an open access journal, focusing on pharmacological aspects of drug resistance and its reversal, molecular mechanisms of drug resistance and drug classes, etc. Both clinical and experimental aspects of drug resistance in cancer are included.
https://cdrjournal.com/article/view/3204
Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Diabetic NephropathyRole of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Diabetic Nephropathy
Journal of Diabetes Research is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes research articles, review articles, and clinical studies related to type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The journal welcomes submissions focusing on the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, management, and prevention of diabetes, as well as associated complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy.
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jdr/2017/3797802/
Nourishing Meals®: January 2011Nourishing Meals®: January 2011
Cabbage has long been known as a fantastic food for the reduction of cancer risk, and for the healing of the intestinal tract. It turns out that there are numerous factors that play into those abilities. These include the beneficial fibers in cabbage, the content of glutamine (an amino acid-like substance used by intestinal cells for healing), and a high content of miraculous compounds called glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are sulfur containing molecules that have glucose attached to them. When you break open the cell walls of cabbage, an enzyme is released called myrosinase that removes the glucose from the sulfur compounds commonly called isothiocyanates. One of these isothiocyanates, sulforaphane, has an amazing capacity to turn on a part of our genes called the Antioxidant Response Element. When it does this, we start producing more antioxidant proteins, and detoxification proteins (enzymes actually) that provide us 72 hours of protection from environmentally and internally produced toxins. ...
http://www.nourishingmeals.com/2011/01/
NFE2L2 Full-Length MS Protein Standard - Creative ProteomicsNFE2L2 Full-Length MS Protein Standard - Creative Proteomics
NFE2L2 Full-Length MS Protein Standard (NP_006155), Labeled with [U- 13C6, 15N4]-L-Arginine and [U- 13C6, 15N2]-L-Lysine, was produced in human 293 cells (HEK293) with fully chemically defined cell culture medium to obtain incorporation efficiency at Creative-Proteomics. This gene encodes a transcription factor which is a member of a small family of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins. The encoded transcription factor regulates genes which contain antioxidant response elements (ARE) in their promoters; many of these genes encode proteins involved in response to injury and inflammation which includes the production of free radicals. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
https://www.creative-proteomics.com/product/detail-cpfl304140_1977.htm
MAFKMAFK
... proteins negatively regulate antioxidant response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of the NAD(P)H:Quinone ... The latter DNA sequences have been recognized as antioxidant/electrophile response elements or NF-E2-binding motifs to which ... Nguyen T, Huang HC, Pickett CB (May 2000). "Transcriptional regulation of the antioxidant response element. Activation by Nrf2 ... "An Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAFK
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone 1)NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone 1)
Role of AP1 binding site contained within human antioxidant response element". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (21): 15097-104. PMID 1340765 ... Furthermore, reduced forms of ubiquinone and vitamin E quinone have been shown to possess antioxidant properties that are ... External (via chemicals) and internal (stress response or caloric restriction) induction of NQO1 is mediated solely through the ... Dinkova-Kostova AT, Talalay P (2010). "NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), a multifunctional antioxidant enzyme ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAD(P)H_dehydrogenase_(quinone_1)
MAFGMAFG
... proteins negatively regulate antioxidant response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of the NAD(P)H:Quinone ... Mouse Mafg gene is induced by Nrf2-sMaf heterodimers through an antioxidant response element (ARE) at the promoter proximal ... The latter DNA sequences have been recognized as antioxidant/electrophile response elements or NF-E2-binding motifs to which ... "An Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAFG
Small MafSmall Maf
3). The latter DNA sequences have been recognized as antioxidant/electrophile response elements or NF-E2-binding motifs, to ... Katsuoka, F (2005). "Genetic evidence that small maf proteins are essential for the activation of antioxidant response element- ... Katsuoka, F (2005). "Nrf2 transcriptionally activates the mafG gene through an antioxidant response element". J. Biol. Chem. ... "An Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Maf
Gene expressionGene expression
Nguyen T, Nioi P, Pickett CB (May 2009). "The Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway and its activation by ... The 3′-UTR often contains microRNA response elements (MREs). MREs are sequences to which miRNAs bind. These are prevalent ... These include enhancers, silencers, insulators and tethering elements. Among this constellation of elements, enhancers and ... Los M, Maddika S, Erb B, Schulze-Osthoff K (May 2009). "Switching Akt: from survival signaling to deadly response". BioEssays. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_expression
NFE2L1NFE2L1
Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK (Dec 1998). "Nrf2 and Nrf1 in association with Jun proteins regulate antioxidant response element- ... "Nrf1 and Nrf2 play distinct roles in activation of antioxidant response element-dependent genes". The Journal of Biological ... bounce-back response) in response to proteasome inhibition. This compensatory up-regulation of proteasome genes in response to ... NFE2L1 is a key regulator of cellular functions including oxidative stress response, differentiation, inflammatory response, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFE2L1
KLF9KLF9
... around 10 kb upstream and 1 kb downstream of Klf9 transcription start site contain conserved antioxidant response elements ( ... Nrf2 is a major regulator of the antioxidant response to ROS within the cell. Klf9 is upregulated by Nrf2; when oxidative ... The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that binds to GC box elements located in the promoter. Binding of ... Previously known as Basic Transcription Element Binding Protein 1 (BTEB Protein 1), Klf9 is part of the Sp1 C2H2-type zinc ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLF9
CarcinogenCarcinogen
"In vitro and in vivo regulation of antioxidant response element-dependent gene expression by estrogens". Endocrinology. 145 (1 ... Colon cells with reduced ability to undergo apoptosis in response to DNA damage would tend to accumulate mutations, and such ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogen
ABCC3ABCC3
A functional antioxidant response element in the 8th intron of the human ABCC3 gene appears responsible for Nrf2-mediated ... "Identification of a Functional Antioxidant Response Element within the Eighth Intron of the Human ABCC3 Gene". Drug Metabolism ... ABCC3 is induced as a hepatoprotective response to a variety of pathologic liver conditions. The constitutive androstane ... induction in response to oxidative stress. Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [[ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCC3
MAFF (gene)MAFF (gene)
"An Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements ... "Genetic evidence that small maf proteins are essential for the activation of antioxidant response element-dependent genes". ... mafG and mafK expression by electrophile-response-element activators". The Biochemical Journal. 361 (Pt 2): 371-7. doi:10.1042/ ... Nrf2-sMaf heterodimer regulates a battery of cytoprotective genes, such as antioxidant/xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme genes. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAFF_(gene)
NFE2L2NFE2L2
In vitro, NRF2 binds to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in the nucleus leading to transcription of ARE genes. NRF2 ... Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK (December 1998). "Nrf2 and Nrf1 in association with Jun proteins regulate antioxidant response element- ... and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the upstream promoter region of many antioxidative genes, and initiates ... "Nrf1 and Nrf2 positively and c-Fos and Fra1 negatively regulate the human antioxidant response element-mediated expression of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFE2L2
NFE2L3NFE2L3
"Nrf3 negatively regulates antioxidant-response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of NAD(P)H:quinone ... Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK (December 1998). "Nrf2 and Nrf1 in association with Jun proteins regulate antioxidant response element- ... factors to bind antioxidant response elements in target genes. RNA microarray data has shown NRF3's involvement in various ... Hayes JD, McMahon M (December 2001). "Molecular basis for the contribution of the antioxidant responsive element to cancer ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFE2L3
Philip KraftPhilip Kraft
Natsch, Andreas; Emter, Roger (2007). "Skin Sensitizers Induce Antioxidant Response Element Dependent Genes: Application to the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Kraft
GCLCGCLC
Mulcahy RT, Gipp JJ (Apr 1995). "Identification of a putative antioxidant response element in the 5'-flanking region of the ... "Human glutamate cysteine ligase gene regulation through the electrophile response element". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 37 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCLC
GABPAGABPA
"Nitric oxide-induced transcriptional up-regulation of protective genes by Nrf2 via the antioxidant response element counteracts ... "Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain ... "Synergistic transcriptional activation by hGABP and select members of the activation transcription factor/cAMP response element ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABPA
Tumor hypoxiaTumor hypoxia
A carbohydrate-response element (ChoRE) is responsible for regulating glycolytic enzyme gene expression in response to changing ... Lactate, as an antioxidant, may act to scrub down the levels of reactive oxygen species thus enhancing resistance to radiation ... A lactate-sensitive response element for genes in fibroblasts involved in hyaluronan metabolism has been identified. Finally, ... GLUT1 levels, in response to hypoxic conditions, have been shown to increase with changes at both the mRNA and protein levels. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_hypoxia
C-FosC-Fos
Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK (December 1998). "Nrf2 and Nrf1 in association with Jun proteins regulate antioxidant response element- ... This includes the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), the phosphorylation of which induces its association with the ... "Isolation and characterization of a novel member of the gene family encoding the cAMP response element-binding protein CRE-BP1 ... This is known to occur on many genes including fosB and c-fos in response to psychostimulant exposure. ΔFosB is also ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-Fos
KEAP1KEAP1
"Functional characterization and role of INrf2 in antioxidant response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of ... Keap1 has been shown to interact with Nrf2, a master regulator of the antioxidant response, which is important for the ... Bloom DA, Jaiswal AK (November 2003). "Phosphorylation of Nrf2 at Ser40 by protein kinase C in response to antioxidants leads ... not required for Nrf2 stabilization/accumulation in the nucleus and transcriptional activation of antioxidant response element- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEAP1
JUNBJUNB
Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK (1999). "Nrf2 and Nrf1 in association with Jun proteins regulate antioxidant response element-mediated ... factor jun-B is a transcription factor involved in regulating gene activity following the primary growth factor response. It ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JUNB
JunDJunD
Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK (1998). "Nrf2 and Nrf1 in association with Jun proteins regulate antioxidant response element-mediated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JunD
Deinococcus radioduransDeinococcus radiodurans
Some lines of investigation are focused on the application of D. radiodurans antioxidant systems in human cells to prevent ROS ... Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 50: 465-473. doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.02.001. PMID 29449107. Pavlov AK, ... "A Model for Manganese interaction with Deinococcus radiodurans proteome network involved in ROS response and defense". ... Michael Daly has suggested the bacterium uses manganese complexes as antioxidants to protect itself against radiation damage. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deinococcus_radiodurans
NRF1NRF1
"Nrf1 and Nrf2 positively and c-Fos and Fra1 negatively regulate the human antioxidant response element-mediated expression of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRF1
Response elementResponse element
Calcium-response element CaRE1 Antioxidant response element (ARE) p53 response element Thyroid hormone response element Growth ... Sterol response element Polycomb Response Elements (PREs) Vitamin D response element (VDRE) Rev response element (RRE) response ... DNA damage response element (DRE) IFN-stimulated response elements (ISREs) ROR-response element Glucocorticoid response element ... estrogen response elements (EREs) and 2- androgen response elements (AREs) Serum response element (SRE) Retinoic acid response ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response_element
Lithium (medication)Lithium (medication)
... response element binding protein (CREB), by phosphorylation. This results in a decrease in the transcription of important genes ... Oxidative stress and reduced levels of anti-oxidants (such as glutathione) lead to cell death. Lithium may protect against ... For more general information on lithium as an element, see Lithium.. Lithium compounds, also known as lithium salts, are ... In addition, Fieve and David L. Dunner developed the concept of "rapid cycling" bipolar disorder based on non-response to ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_
AtopyAtopy
... elements and the allergic-response ("false alarm") elements within the immune system. Some studies also suggest that the ... suggesting that consumption of antioxidants, certain lipids, and/or a Mediterranean diet may help to prevent atopic diseases. A ... In addition, several studies have documented that an IgE-mediated response to S. aureus is present in people with atopic eczema ... Atopy is the tendency to produce an exaggerated immunoglobulin E (IgE) immune response to otherwise harmless substances in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atopy
MTORC1MTORC1
... factor that is able to regulate the expression of electrophilic response elements as well as antioxidants in response to ... mTORC1 interacts at the Ragulator-Rag complex on the surface of the lysosome in response to amino acid levels in the cell. Even ... Murrow L, Debnath J (Jan 2013). "Autophagy as a stress-response and quality-control mechanism: implications for cell injury and ... Śledź KM, Moore SF, Durrant TN, Blair TA, Hunter RW, Hers I. Rapamycin restrains platelet procoagulant responses via FKBP- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTORC1
Iodine in biologyIodine in biology
Iodine is an essential trace element in biological systems. It has the distinction of being the heaviest element commonly ... It has been shown to act as an antioxidant and antiproliferant in various tissues that can uptake iodine. Molecular iodine (I2 ... Eskin, Bernard A.; Grotkowski, Carolyn E.; Connolly, Christopher P.; Ghent, William R. (1995). "Different tissue responses for ... In the proposed mechanism, the iodide ion functions in gastric mucosa as an antioxidant reducing species that detoxifies ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine_in_biology
Metallothionein 1AMetallothionein 1A
2000). "Increased binding activity at an antioxidant-responsive element in the metallothionein-1 promoter and rapid induction ... of metallothionein-1 and -2 in response to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion". J. Neurosci. 20 (14): 5200-7. doi:10.1523/ ... Richarz AN, Brätter P (2002). "Speciation analysis of trace elements in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallothionein_1A
InsulinInsulin
In general, the A-boxes bind to Pdx1 factors, E-boxes bind to NeuroD, C-boxes bind to MafA, and cAMP response elements to CREB ... The decreased binding activities can be mediated by glucose induced oxidative stress and antioxidants are said to prevent the ... An insulin spike is a 'first response' to blood glucose increase, this response is individual and dose specific although it was ... Beta cells are sensitive to blood sugar levels so that they secrete insulin into the blood in response to high level of glucose ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin
MethylcholanthreneMethylcholanthrene
This causes the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated response pathway to induce antioxidant responses. ... which stimulates transcription directed by xenobiotic response elements. AhR ligands can induce formation of an AhR-estrogen ... Due to the influence of the compound on the central nervous system, its responses and change in response are compared. It is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylcholanthrene
ProteasomeProteasome
Response to cellular stressEdit. In response to cellular stresses - such as infection, heat shock, or oxidative damage - heat ... "Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 21 (17): 2322-43. doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5823. PMC 4241867. PMID 25133688.. ... Karin M, Delhase M (February 2000). "The I kappa B kinase (IKK) and NF-kappa B: key elements of proinflammatory signalling". ... inflammatory responses and autoimmune diseases,[123] and systemic DNA damage responses leading to malignancies.[124] ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteasome
ChocolateChocolate
In comparison to most foods, cocoa contains more phenolic antioxidants.[97] Cocoa solids are a source of flavonoids[98] and ... "Trace elements in cocoa solids and chocolate: An ICPMS study". Talanta. 119: 1-4. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.048. PMID ... in response to consumer concern about the proposal, the FDA reiterated "Cacao fat, as one of the signature characteristics of ... "Impact of Alkalization on the Antioxidant and Flavanol Content of Commercial Cocoa Powders". Journal of Agricultural and Food ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate
Parkinsons diseaseParkinson's disease
Antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, have been proposed to protect against the disease, but results of studies have been ... several authors wrote about elements of the disease, including Sylvius, Gaubius, Hunter and Chomel.[109][110][111] ... response to levodopa for at least five years, clinical course of at least ten years and appearance of dyskinesias induced by ... and phases with poor response to medication and significant PD symptoms ("off" state).[74] Using lower doses of levodopa may ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Parkinson's_disease
AutoimmunityAutoimmunity
"Intake of antioxidant vitamins and trace elements during pregnancy and risk of advanced beta cell autoimmunity in the child". ... T-Cell-B-Cell discordance - A normal immune response is assumed to involve B and T cell responses to the same antigen, even if ... Antioxidants *It has been theorized that free radicals contribute to the onset of type-1 diabetes in infants and young children ... Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues. Any disease that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune
Cykl Calvina, wolna encyklopediaCykl Calvina, wolna encyklopedia
Biological trace element research". 3 (121), s. 249-57, marzec 2008. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-007-8050-2. PMID: 17968513. ... Antioxidants & redox signaling". 7 (10), s. 1235-74, lipiec 2008. DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1931. PMID: 18377232. ... Thioredoxin-mediated reversible dissociation of a stromal multiprotein complex in response to changes in light availability.. „ ... Alteration of the adenine nucleotide response and increased Rubisco activation activity of Arabidopsis rubisco activase by site ...
https://pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cykl_Calvina
Orange (fruit)Orange (fruit)
Another significant element in the full development of the fruit is the temperature variation between summer and winter and, ... Barros HR, Ferreira TA, Genovese MI (2012). "Antioxidant capacity and mineral content of pulp and peel from commercial ... ", "sweating", or "curing".[76] Oranges are non-climacteric fruits and cannot post-harvest ripen internally in response to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_(fruit)
TreeTree
Walnuts are particularly beneficial to health and contain a higher level of antioxidants than do other nuts.[113] A variety of ... It protects the trunk against the elements, disease, animal attack and fire. It is perforated by a large number of fine ... Trees have evolved leaves in a wide range of shapes and sizes, in response to environmental pressures including climate and ... The tree form has evolved separately in unrelated classes of plants in response to similar environmental challenges, making it ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree
HouseflyHousefly
Nearly every element in the universe may be thus personalized, and even the least of these such as tiny Chipmunk and those ... Ai H, Wang F, Xia Y, Chen X, Lei C (May 2012). "Antioxidant, antifungal and antiviral activities of chitosan from the larvae of ... Deonier CC, Richardson CH (1935). "The Tarsal Chemoreceptor Response of the Housefly, Musca Domestica L., to Sucrose and ... with antioxidant properties, and possibly other proteins and polysaccharides of medical value.[41] ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housefly
AntioxidantAntioxidant
Selenium and zinc are commonly referred to as antioxidant nutrients, but these chemical elements have no antioxidant action ... Vieira Dos Santos C, Rey P (July 2006). "Plant thioredoxins are key actors in the oxidative stress response". Trends in Plant ... Examples of bioactive antioxidant compounds[edit]. Antioxidants are classified into two broad divisions, depending on whether ... Antioxidants that are reducing agents can also act as pro-oxidants. For example, vitamin C has antioxidant activity when it ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_radical_scavenger
Programmed cell deathProgrammed cell death
Instead of an immune response, the dying cell synthesizes substances to break itself down and places them in a vacuole that ... Lang, F; Lang, KS; Lang, PA; Huber, SM; Wieder, T (2006). "Mechanisms and significance of eryptosis". Antioxidants & Redox ... "ZEN1 Is a Key Enzyme in the Degradation of Nuclear DNA during Programmed Cell Death of Tracheary Elements". The Plant Cell. 14 ... The researchers, Steven G. Thomas and Veronica E. Franklin-Tong, also found that the response involves rapid inhibition of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_death
RNA interferenceRNA interference
The 3'-UTR often contains microRNA response elements (MREs). MREs are sequences to which miRNAs bind. These are prevalent ... Niggeweg R, Michael AJ, Martin C (June 2004). "Engineering plants with increased levels of the antioxidant chlorogenic acid". ... which can be divided into the acute inflammatory responses and antiviral responses.[167] The inflammatory response is created ... In response, many plant viruses have evolved elaborate mechanisms to suppress the RNAi response.[81] These include viral ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_interference
Fosforylacja oksydacyjna, wolna encyklopediaFosforylacja oksydacyjna, wolna encyklopedia
Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions ... energetics and transcriptional regulation in response to electron acceptors. „Biochim. Biophys. Acta". 1320 (3), s. 217-34, ...
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosforylacja_oksydacyjna
Interferencia de ARN, a enciclopedia libreInterferencia de ARN, a enciclopedia libre
Zambon R, Vakharia V, Wu L (2006). "RNAi is an antiviral immune response against a dsRNA virus in Drosophila melanogaster". ... Buchon N, Vaury C (2006). "RNAi: a defensive RNA-silencing against viruses and transposable elements". Heredity 96 (2): 195-202 ... Niggeweg R, Michael A, Martin C (2004). "Engineering plants with increased levels of the antioxidant chlorogenic acid". Nat ... "Induction of the interferon response by siRNA is cell type- and duplex length-dependent". RNA 12 (6): 988-93. PMC 1464853 ...
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNAi
Health threat from cosmic raysHealth threat from cosmic rays
Some of the drugs that are being considered are retinoids, which are vitamins with antioxidant properties, and molecules that ... This shower of secondary and fragmented particles may be reduced by the use of hydrogen or light elements for shielding. ... whereby a particle traversal to some cells modifies the response of other cells not traversed by particles. There is limited ... "Interplay of space radiation and microgravity in DNA damage and DNA damage response". Npj Microgravity. 3 (14): 14. doi ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_threat_from_cosmic_rays
13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
... block mouse airway responses to 13(S)-HODE.[47] While much further work is needed, these pre-clinical studies allow that 13(S)- ... as consequence of their release of deleterious elements, to cause cell injury.[47] ... "Lipid peroxidation biomarkers for evaluating oxidative stress and assessing antioxidant capacity in vivo". Journal of Clinical ... stimulate TRPV1-dependent responses in rodent neurons, rodent and human bronchial epithelial cells, and in model cells made to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13-oxoODE
NutritionNutrition
Dietary minerals are inorganic chemical elements required by living organisms,[72] other than the four elements carbon, ... See also: List of antioxidants in food. Phytochemicals such as polyphenols are compounds produced naturally in plants (phyto ... Crapo, P; Reaven, Olefsky (1977). "Postprandial plasma-glucose and -insulin responses to different complex carbohydrates". ... Furthermore, deficiency of one element may present as symptoms of toxicity from another element, and vice versa. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition
CarcinogenCarcinogen
"In vitro and in vivo regulation of antioxidant response element-dependent gene expression by estrogens". Endocrinology. 145 (1 ... Colon cells with reduced ability to undergo apoptosis in response to DNA damage would tend to accumulate mutations, and such ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenic
Copper toxicityCopper toxicity
"Mercury toxicity and antioxidants: part I: role of glutathione and alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of mercury toxicity. ( ... Cookware in which copper is the main structural element (as opposed to copper clad, copper sandwiched or copper colored) is ... Ezeonyejiaku, CD, Obiakor, MO and Ezenwelu, CO (2011). "Toxicity of copper sulphate and behavioural locomotor response of ... Kabata-Pendias, Alina (2011). "Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, Fourth Edition". Taylor and Francis Group. Retrieved 17 June ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_toxicity
Human skinHuman skin
"American Elements.. *^ Shapiro SS, Saliou C (2001). "Role of vitamins in skin care". Nutrition. 17 (10): 839-844. doi:10.1016/ ... Vitamin E is a membrane antioxidant that protects against oxidative damage and also provides protection against harmful UV rays ... Finally pigs have similar physical and molecular responses to various growth factors.. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font- ... Vitamin C is an antioxidant that regulates collagen synthesis, forms barrier lipids, regenerates vitamin E, and provides ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin
Human nutritionHuman nutrition
Dietary minerals are the chemical elements required by living organisms, other than the four elements carbon, hydrogen, ... Selenium required for peroxidase (antioxidant proteins). *Zinc required for several enzymes such as carboxypeptidase, liver ... and in response to demands for food purity and consistency.[99] ... Many ultratrace elements have been suggested as essential, but ... In the early 19th century, the elements carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen were recognized[by whom?] as the primary ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_nutrition
Mannan oligosaccharide-based nutritional supplementsMannan oligosaccharide-based nutritional supplements
They can be attached to the cell wall proteins as part of -O and -N glycosyl groups and also constitute elements of large α-D- ... As animal health and performance are influenced by many factors other than nutrition, the responses to a feed additive will ... They also play a role in animal antioxidant and antimutagenic defense. Glycosidic bond Mannan Mannose Saccharomyces cerevisiae ... In turkeys 76 comparisons have shown similar responses to MOS as in broilers. Several studies also suggest that MOS, when added ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannan_oligosaccharide-based_nutritional_supplements
Drosophila melanogasterDrosophila melanogaster
The response to infection can involve up to 2,423 genes, or 13.7% of the genome. Although the fly's transcriptional response to ... One approach of inserting foreign genes into the Drosophila genome involves P elements. The transposable P elements, also known ... Further research has shown that the antioxidant alpha-ketoglutarate may be beneficial in reducing the oxidative stress produced ... This core group of genes is associated with gene ontology categories such as antimicrobial response, stress response, secretion ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster
Κατάθλιψη - ΒικιπαίδειαΚατάθλιψη - Βικιπαίδεια
Maes, M. Lower serum vitamin E concentrations in major depression Another marker of lowered antioxidant defenses in that ... Trace elements and the electroencephalogram during long-term lithium treatment. British Journal of Psychiatry. 160:654-658, ... Subjective response to negative air ion exposure. Aviat Space Environ Med. 53(8):822-823, 1982. ... Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health effects in humans. American Journal of ...
https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Κατάθλιψη
EstradiolEstradiol
... estrogen response element, ERE), allowing for gene transcription which can take place over hours and days. ... As antioxidants, they have been found to have neuroprotective function.[25] The positive and negative feedback loops of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Estradiol
HormesisHormesis
Evaluation of the Linear-Nonthreshold Dose-Response Model for Ionizing Radiation. National Council on Radiation Protection and ... The free-radical theory suggests that the use of compounds which inactivate ROS, such as antioxidants, would lead to a ... The resulting materials are then free to interact with any environmental elements, and the energy released can also be used as ... Similarly, low doses of the phthalate DEHP cause increased allergic responses to allergens, while higher doses have no effect.[ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormesis
ChlorineChlorine
Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium ... NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US GOV. "Chlorine". noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Retrieved ... Antioxidants & acidity regulators (E300-399). *Thickeners, stabilisers & emulsifiers (E400-499). *pH regulators & anticaking ... It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine
Dietary supplementDietary supplement
Minerals are the exogenous chemical elements indispensable for life. Four minerals: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, are ... Cermak NM, Res PT, de Groot LC, Saris WH, van Loon LJ (2012). "Protein supplementation augments the adaptive response of ... Bjelakovic, G; Nikolova, D; Gluud, LL; Simonetti, RG; Gluud, C (14 March 2012). "Antioxidant supplements for prevention of ... Dietary Supplement Labels: Key Elements Office of Inspector General, Depart of Health and Human Services (2003). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutritional_supplement
Alzheimers diseaseAlzheimer's disease
Heo JH, Lee KM (March 2013). "The possible role of antioxidant vitamin C in Alzheimer's disease treatment and prevention". ... that can be explained as an immune system response to an infection in the CNS,[284][285][286] as found by R. Moir and R. Tanzi ... and economic elements.[14] Exercise programs may be beneficial with respect to activities of daily living and can potentially ... and may be either secondary to tissue damage in AD or a marker of an immunological response.[110] There is increasing evidence ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer's
Virus del Zika - Viquipèdia, lenciclopèdia lliureVirus del Zika - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
És un consens que el virus es transmet pels mosquits i, per això, el control del vector és un element essencial per reduir la ... Santibañez S, Lynch J, Paye YP, McCalla H, et al «Engaging Community and Faith-Based Organizations in the Zika Response, United ... Prajakta, P; Pednekar, BV; Vakil, RT; Datar, G; et al «Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of the essential oil from ... Priyamvada, L; Quicke, KM; Hudson, WH; et al «Human antibody responses after dengue virus infection are highly cross-reactive ...
https://ca.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_del_Zika
Copper toxicityCopper toxicity
"Mercury toxicity and antioxidants: part I: role of glutathione and alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of mercury toxicity. ( ... Sandstead HH (1995). "Requirements and toxicity of essential trace elements, illustrated by zinc and copper". Am. J. Clin. Nutr ... Ezeonyejiaku, CD, Obiakor, MO and Ezenwelu, CO (2011). "Toxicity of copper sulphate and behavioural locomotor response of ... Cookware in which copper is the main structural element (as opposed to copper clad, copper sandwiched or copper colored) is ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_toxicity
Regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression mediated by the antioxidant response element. - PubMed - NCBIRegulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression mediated by the antioxidant response element. - PubMed - NCBI
Regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression mediated by the antioxidant response element.. Nguyen T1, Sherratt PJ, ... the antioxidant response element or ARE, found in the promoter of the enzymes gene. The transcription factor Nrf2 has been ... implicated as the central protein that interacts with the ARE to activate gene transcription constitutively or in response to ... and Phase II detoxification enzymes is induced in cells exposed to electrophilic compounds and phenolic antioxidants. Induction ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12359864?dopt=Abstract
Carotenoids activate the antioxidant response element transcription system | Molecular Cancer TherapeuticsCarotenoids activate the antioxidant response element transcription system | Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
Functional characterization and role of INrf2 in antioxidant response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of ... Carotenoids activate the antioxidant response element transcription system. Anat Ben-Dor, Michael Steiner, Larisa Gheber, ... Carotenoids activate the antioxidant response element transcription system. Anat Ben-Dor, Michael Steiner, Larisa Gheber, ... Carotenoids activate the antioxidant response element transcription system. Anat Ben-Dor, Michael Steiner, Larisa Gheber, ...
https://mct.aacrjournals.org/content/4/1/177.full
Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2-Dependent Antioxidant Response Element Activation by tert-Butylhydroquinone and Sulforaphane...Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2-Dependent Antioxidant Response Element Activation by tert-Butylhydroquinone and Sulforaphane...
Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2-Dependent Antioxidant Response Element Activation by tert-Butylhydroquinone and Sulforaphane ... Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2-Dependent Antioxidant Response Element Activation by tert-Butylhydroquinone and Sulforaphane ... Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2-Dependent Antioxidant Response Element Activation by tert-Butylhydroquinone and Sulforaphane ... Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2-Dependent Antioxidant Response Element Activation by tert-Butylhydroquinone and Sulforaphane ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/24/5/1101/tab-e-letters
931884 - Effects of β-Asarone on Ischemic Stroke in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rats by an Nrf2-Antioxidant Response...931884 - Effects of β-Asarone on Ischemic Stroke in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rats by an Nrf2-Antioxidant Response...
931884 - Effects of β-Asarone on Ischemic Stroke in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rats by an Nrf2-Antioxidant Response ... Nrf2-antioxidant response elements (ARE) pathway-related proteins were examined by RT-qPCR or western blot. ... Effects of β-Asarone on Ischemic Stroke in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rats by an Nrf2-Antioxidant Response Elements (ARE ... 4. Tu W, Wang H, Li S: The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in chronic ...
https://www.medscimonit.com/abstract/full/idArt/931884
Human antioxidant-response-element-mediated regulation of type 1 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase gene expression. Effect of...Human antioxidant-response-element-mediated regulation of type 1 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase gene expression. Effect of...
... containing two copies of the AP1/AP1-like elements arranged as inverse repeat is known to mediate basal and beta-naphthoflavone ... Human antioxidant-response element (hARE) containing two copies of the AP1/AP1-like elements arranged as inverse repeat is ... Human antioxidant-response-element-mediated regulation of type 1 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase gene expression. Effect of ... a variety of antioxidants, tumor promoters and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) also increased expression of hARE-mediated CAT gene. ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7957257/?dopt=Abstract
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: Oxidizable phenol-generated reactive oxygen species enhance sulforaphanes antioxidant response...Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: Oxidizable phenol-generated reactive oxygen species enhance sulforaphane's antioxidant response...
... binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in their promoter regions. Due to the therapeutic role of the Nrf2/ARE system ... The transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, ... Keywords: Antioxidant response element; DtBHQ; Nrf2; Oxidizable phenol; Reactive oxygen species; Sulforaphane. ... Hyde: Oxidizable phenol-generated reactive oxygen species enhance sulforaphanes antioxidant response element activation, even ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29969714/
AID 718465 - Antioxidant activity in human U373 cells assessed as increase of antioxidant response element-mediated phase 2...AID 718465 - Antioxidant activity in human U373 cells assessed as increase of antioxidant response element-mediated phase 2...
Antioxidant activity in human U373 cells assessed as increase of antioxidant response element-mediated phase 2 protein ...
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/718465
Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2-related Factor 2 | Keap1 | Antioxidant Response Element | Oxidative Stress | Free RadicalsNuclear Factor Erythroid-2-related Factor 2 | Keap1 | Antioxidant Response Element | Oxidative Stress | Free Radicals
The activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/antioxidant response element ... Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2, keap1, antioxidant response element, oxidative stress, free radicals ... Hagemann TL, Jobe EM, Messing A. Genetic ablation of Nrf2/antioxidant response pathway in Alexander disease mice reduces ... Increased m6A RNA modification is related to the inhibition of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response in di-(2-ethylhexyl) ...
https://www.ijpsonline.com/articles/an-update-on-the-role-of-nrf2-and-its-activators-in-diseases-associated-with-oxidative-stress-3841.html?view=mobile
Cul3-mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination and antioxidant response element (ARE) activation are dependent on the partial molar volume...Cul3-mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination and antioxidant response element (ARE) activation are dependent on the partial molar volume...
Abbreviations: 15d-PGJ2, 15d-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2; ARE, antioxidant response element; As(III), sodium arsenite; BIA, ... Cul3-mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination and antioxidant response element (ARE) activation are dependent on the partial molar volume ... Cul3-mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination and antioxidant response element (ARE) activation are dependent on the partial molar volume ... Cul3-mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination and antioxidant response element (ARE) activation are dependent on the partial molar volume ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/422/1/171
Identification of a novel Nrf2-regulated antioxidant response element (ARE) in the mouse NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 gene:...Identification of a novel Nrf2-regulated antioxidant response element (ARE) in the mouse NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 gene:...
Identification of a novel Nrf2-regulated antioxidant response element (ARE) in the mouse NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 gene ... Abbreviations used: ARE, antioxidant response element; bZIP, basic leucine zipper; ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation; EMSA, ... Identification of a novel Nrf2-regulated antioxidant response element (ARE) in the mouse NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 gene ... Identification of a novel Nrf2-regulated antioxidant response element (ARE) in the mouse NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 gene ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/374/2/337
Thioredoxin-dependent redox regulation of the antioxidant responsive element (ARE) in electrophile response - Semantic ScholarThioredoxin-dependent redox regulation of the antioxidant responsive element (ARE) in electrophile response - Semantic Scholar
... through the antioxidant responsive element (ARE). We showed here that tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), an electrophile stressor, ... thioredoxin expression is a mechanism of enhancing signal transduction through the ARE in electrophile-induced stress responses ... Thioredoxin-dependent redox regulation of the antioxidant responsive element (ARE) in electrophile response. @article{ ... Thioredoxin-dependent redox regulation of the antioxidant responsive element (ARE) in electrophile response}, author={Yong-Chul ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Thioredoxin-dependent-redox-regulation-of-the-%28ARE%29-Kim-Yamaguchi/12054ab3aa430204c436bf968fb2795ba48aa076
Induction of quinone reductase NQO1 by resveratrol in human K562 cells involves the antioxidant response element ARE and is...Induction of quinone reductase NQO1 by resveratrol in human K562 cells involves the antioxidant response element ARE and is...
... reporter provided evidence that the modulation of NQO1 gene expression by resveratrol involved the antioxidant response element ... Induction of quinone reductase NQO1 by resveratrol in human K562 cells involves the antioxidant response element ARE and is ... Induction of quinone reductase NQO1 by resveratrol in human K562 cells involves the antioxidant response element ARE and is ... An antioxidant response phenotype shared between hereditary and sporadic type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma.. *Aikseng Ooi, ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Induction-of-quinone-reductase-NQO1-by-resveratrol-Hsieh-Lu/7224c7f881ca3c9dd1ffff768b46b400d200c26e
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Cancer Chemoprevention by Carotenoids | HTMLMolecules | Free Full-Text | Cancer Chemoprevention by Carotenoids | HTML
They include molecules that are involved in antioxidant activity, the antioxidant response element (ARE), apoptosis induction, ... Functional characterization and role of INrf2 in antioxidant response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of ... Antioxidant Response Element. Induction of phase 2 enzymes that neutralize reactive electrophiles and act as indirect ... through the antioxidant response element (ARE) found in the regulatory regions of their genes. The transcription factor Nrf2, ...
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/17/3/3202/htm
Frontiers | Oxidative Stress in Oral Diseases: Understanding Its Relation with Other Systemic Diseases | PhysiologyFrontiers | Oxidative Stress in Oral Diseases: Understanding Its Relation with Other Systemic Diseases | Physiology
NRF2-Antioxidant Response Element Signaling Pathway. The nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor (NRF2), a basic ... NRF2 plays a role as a positive regulator of human Antioxidant Response Elements (AREs; Venugopal and Jaiswal, 1996). NRF2 was ... Phosphorylation of Nrf2 at Ser-40 by protein kinase C regulates antioxidant response element-mediated transcription. J. Biol. ... Nrf1 and Nrf2 positively and c-Fos and Fra1 negatively regulate the human antioxidant response element-mediated expression of ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2017.00693/full
ER stress-induced cell death mechanisms. - PubMed - NCBIER stress-induced cell death mechanisms. - PubMed - NCBI
... antioxidant response elements; apoptotic-signaling kinase-1; bax-inhibitor 1; bifunctional apoptosis regulator; binding ... AGE; ALS; AMD; ARE; ASK1; ATF/cAMP response elements; ATF4; ATF6; BAG; BAR; BI-1; Bcl-2 associated athanogene; BiP; CASR; CHOP ... ER stress-response element; ER-assisted degradation; ERAD; ERO1α; ERSE; GADD34; HCV; HFD; HO-1; HSV; IBD; IEC; IP(3)R; IRE1α; ... The ER stress response is mediated by three sensors located at the ER membrane: IRE1α, ATF6 and PERK. Accumulation of unfolded ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23850759?dopt=Abstract
Curcumin Protects Human Keratinocytes against Inorganic Arsenite-Induced Acute Cytotoxicity through an NRF2-Dependent MechanismCurcumin Protects Human Keratinocytes against Inorganic Arsenite-Induced Acute Cytotoxicity through an NRF2-Dependent Mechanism
M. Biswas and J. Y. Chan, "Role of Nrf1 in antioxidant response element-mediated gene expression and beyond," Toxicology and ... Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) Reporter Assay. Cignal Lenti ARE reporter transduction of HaCaT cells was performed as ... We found that curcumin led to nuclear accumulation of NRF2 protein and increased the expression of antioxidant response element ... that regulate the cellular adaptive response to oxidative stress through the cis-regulating antioxidant response element (ARE ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2013/412576/
Expression of Glutathione Peroxidase and Glutathione Reductase and Level of Free Radical Processes under Toxic Hepatitis in RatsExpression of Glutathione Peroxidase and Glutathione Reductase and Level of Free Radical Processes under Toxic Hepatitis in Rats
Transcription of antioxidant enzymes is regulated by antioxidant response elements (AREs). Earlier it was shown that Nrf2 (NF- ... proteins negatively regulate antioxidant response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of the NAD(P)H:Quinone ... R. Yu, C. Chen, Y. Y. Mo et al., "Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways induces antioxidant response element- ... H. C. Huang, T. Nguyen, and C. B. Pickett, "Regulation of the antioxidant response element by protein kinase C-mediated ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jt/2013/870628/
Erectile Dysfunction as a Cardiovascular Impairment - 1st EditionErectile Dysfunction as a Cardiovascular Impairment - 1st Edition
4.26 Is There an Age-Related Progressive Antioxidant Deficiency Syndrome?. 4.27 Natures Antioxidant Response Element ... Chapter 9. The Polyphenolic Antioxidant Resveratrol, the Carotinoid Lycopene, and the Proanthocyanidin Pycnogenol ...
https://www.elsevier.com/books/erectile-dysfunction-as-a-cardiovascular-impairment/fried/978-0-12-420046-3
Protection against electrophile and oxidant stress by induction of the phase 2 response: Fate of cysteines of the Keap1 sensor...Protection against electrophile and oxidant stress by induction of the phase 2 response: Fate of cysteines of the Keap1 sensor...
Abbreviations: ARE, antioxidant response element; NQO1, nicotinamide quinone oxidoreductase 1, NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor ... Many phase 2 genes are regulated by upstream antioxidant response elements (ARE) that are targets of the leucine zipper ... The Nrf2-Antioxidant Response Element Signaling Pathway and Its Activation by Oxidative Stress ... Phase 2 genes are regulated by 5′ upstream regulatory sequences which have been designated as antioxidant response elements ( ...
http://www.pnas.org/content/101/7/2040
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Polyamine Metabolism and Oxidative Protein Folding in the ER as ROS-Producing Systems Neglected in...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Polyamine Metabolism and Oxidative Protein Folding in the ER as ROS-Producing Systems Neglected in...
In addition, Ero1 controls Ca2+ efflux from the ER in response to e.g., ER stress. Here, we briefly summarize the current ... that represent classical antioxidant response elements (ARE) to which Nrf2 is known to bind [62]. Finally, cMYC was also shown ... Recent data suggest, that this scavenging of H2O2 is not a mere antioxidant reaction, but an element of oxidative protein ... The identification of a cis-element and a trans-acting factor involved in the response to polyamines and polyamine analogues in ...
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/4/1219/htm
Single-cell RNA-sequencing of herpes simplex virus 1-infected cells connects NRF2 activation to an antiviral program | Nature...Single-cell RNA-sequencing of herpes simplex virus 1-infected cells connects NRF2 activation to an antiviral program | Nature...
Wang, X. J., Hayes, J. D. & Wolf, C. R. Generation of a stable antioxidant response element-driven reporter gene cell line and ... 6d) encodes green fluorescent protein (GFP), which is preceded by eight antioxidant response elements GTGACNNNGCANNN46, known ... Johnson, D. A., Andrews, G. K., Xu, W. & Johnson, J. A. Activation of the antioxidant response element in primary cortical ... eight times antioxidant response element; minP: minimal promoter, GFP: green fluorescent proteins. e HEK 293 cells transfected ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12894-z?utm_campaign=MultipleJournals_USG_MICRO&utm_source=Nature_community&utm_medium=Community_sites&utm_content=BenJoh-Nature-MultipleJournals-Microbiology-Global&error=cookies_not_supported&code=9cdc1a41-1613-40b5-8444-25b53627cc28
Stress Signaling Pathway Analysis Response Element Firefly Luciferase VectorsStress Signaling Pathway Analysis Response Element Firefly Luciferase Vectors
Vectors contain response elements that are important in various stress signaling pathways. Each vector contains a firefly ... Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) pGL4.37[luc2P/ARE/Hygro] Representative data for pGL4.37[luc2P/ARE/Hygro] Vector in HEK293 ... Firefly Luciferase Reporter Vectors with Cellular Stress Response Elements. *Offer a range of response elements that are ... Seven vectors with response elements (AP1 RE, TCF-LEF RE, CRE, NFAT-RE, NF-κB-RE, SRE or SRF-RE) used to investigate signaling ...
https://www.promega.com/products/luciferase-assays/genetic-reporter-vectors-and-cell-lines/stress-signaling-pathway-analysis-minimal-promoter-driven-firefly-luciferase-vectors/
Identification of a functional antioxidant response element within the eighth intron of the human ABCC3 gene - Fingerprint ...Identification of a functional antioxidant response element within the eighth intron of the human ABCC3 gene - Fingerprint ...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Identification of a functional antioxidant response element within the eighth ... Identification of a functional antioxidant response element within the eighth intron of the human ABCC3 gene. ...
https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/identification-of-a-functional-antioxidant-response-element-withi/fingerprints/
Thioredoxin reductase in human hepatoma cells is transcriptionally regulated by sulforaphane and other electrophiles via an...Thioredoxin reductase in human hepatoma cells is transcriptionally regulated by sulforaphane and other electrophiles via an...
keywords = "Antioxidant response element, Selenium, Sulforaphane, Thioredoxin reductase",. author = "Hintze, {Korry J.} and ... The present study was designed to determine whether this induction is mediated by putative antioxidant response elements (ARE) ... The present study was designed to determine whether this induction is mediated by putative antioxidant response elements (ARE) ... The present study was designed to determine whether this induction is mediated by putative antioxidant response elements (ARE) ...
https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/thioredoxin-reductase-in-human-hepatoma-cells-is-transcriptionall
Twenty-four base pairs of the human antioxidant response element (hARE) are - bcl-2 family members and the mitochondria in...Twenty-four base pairs of the human antioxidant response element (hARE) are - bcl-2 family members and the mitochondria in...
Twenty-four base pairs of the human antioxidant response element (hARE) are. * Post author By informationalwebs ... Twenty-four base pairs of the human antioxidant response element (hARE) are required for high basal transcription of the NAD(P) ... No Comments on Twenty-four base pairs of the human antioxidant response element (hARE) are ... H:quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1) gene and its induction in response to xenobiotics and antioxidants. or upregulation of hARE- ...
http://www.informationalwebs.com/2019/07/04/twenty-four-base-pairs-of-the-human-antioxidant-response-element-hare-are/
Profiles of antioxidant/electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE) nuclear protein binding and c-Ha-ras transactivation in...Profiles of antioxidant/electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE) nuclear protein binding and c-Ha-ras transactivation in...
T1 - Profiles of antioxidant/electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE) nuclear protein binding and c-Ha-ras transactivation in ... Profiles of antioxidant/electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE) nuclear protein binding and c-Ha-ras transactivation in ... Profiles of antioxidant/electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE) nuclear protein binding and c-Ha-ras transactivation in ... Profiles of antioxidant/electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE) nuclear protein binding and c-Ha-ras transactivation in ...
https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/profiles-of-antioxidantelectrophile-response-element-areepre-nucl
Benzo(a)pyrene affects Jurkat T cells in the activated state via the antioxidant response element dependent Nrf2 pathway...Benzo(a)pyrene affects Jurkat T cells in the activated state via the antioxidant response element dependent Nrf2 pathway...
Benzo(a)pyrene affects Jurkat T cells in the activated state via the antioxidant response element dependent Nrf2 pathway ... the proteome changes in unstimulated cells point towards a modified regulation of the cytoskeleton and cellular stress response ...
https://bib.vetmed.fu-berlin.de/pubdb/pub/13190-benzo-a-pyrene-affects-jurkat-t-cells-in-the-activated-state-vi/
A Polymorphic Antioxidant Response Element Links NRF2/sMAF Binding to Enhanced MAPT Expression and Reduced Risk of Parkinsonian...A Polymorphic Antioxidant Response Element Links NRF2/sMAF Binding to Enhanced MAPT Expression and Reduced Risk of Parkinsonian...
A Polymorphic Antioxidant Response Element Links NRF2/sMAF Binding to Enhanced MAPT Expression and Reduced Risk of Parkinsonian ... A polymorphic antioxidant response element links NRF2/sMAF binding to enhanced MAPT expression and reduced risk of Parkinsonian ... A polymorphic antioxidant response element links NRF2/sMAF binding to enhanced MAPT expression and reduced risk of Parkinsonian ... A polymorphic antioxidant response element links NRF2/sMAF binding to enhanced MAPT expression and reduced risk of Parkinsonian ...
https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/phgHome.action?action=forward&dbsource=huge&id=131109
Nrf2-mediated induction of antioxidant response element-driven gene expression by flavonoids is dependent on their chemical...Nrf2-mediated induction of antioxidant response element-driven gene expression by flavonoids is dependent on their chemical...
Nrf2-mediated induction of antioxidant response element-driven gene expression by flavonoids is dependent on their chemical ... title = "Nrf2-mediated induction of antioxidant response element-driven gene expression by flavonoids is dependent on their ... Nrf2-mediated induction of antioxidant response element-driven gene expression by flavonoids is dependent on their chemical ... T1 - Nrf2-mediated induction of antioxidant response element-driven gene expression by flavonoids is dependent on their ...
https://researchportal.hw.ac.uk/en/publications/nrf2-mediated-induction-of-antioxidant-response-element-driven-ge
A CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein site within antioxidant/electrophile response element along with CREB-binding protein...A CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein site within antioxidant/electrophile response element along with CREB-binding protein...
Chen, Y. H., & Ramos, K. S. (2000). A CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein site within antioxidant/electrophile response element ... Chen, Yun Houng ; Ramos, Kenneth S. / A CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein site within antioxidant/electrophile response element ... Chen, YH & Ramos, KS 2000, A CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein site within antioxidant/electrophile response element along with ... Studies were conducted to evaluate the negative regulatory function of rat (r)GST-Ya antioxidant/electrophile response element ...
https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-ccaatenhancer-binding-protein-site-within-antioxidantelectrophi
Nrf2GenesElectrophile response elementPathwayAnti-inflammatoryTranscription factorPhenolic antioxidantsActivatesKeap1RegulationCellularProteinGene expressionBindsRedoxTert-butylhydroquinoneEnzymeProteinsReactiveXenobioticsBasalRegulatorAutophagyNonenzymatic antioxidantsIntracellularMetabolismGlutathionePathwaysFree radicalsFound in the promoterInflammatory responseActivatorInduceSequenceAREsExpressionDefense systemBiliverdin reductaseCells
Nrf271
  • The transcription factor Nrf2 has been implicated as the central protein that interacts with the ARE to activate gene transcription constitutively or in response to an oxidative stress signal. (nih.gov)
  • Expression of phase II enzymes is regulated by the antioxidant response element (ARE) and the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor E 2 -related factor 2). (aacrjournals.org)
  • The major ARE-activating transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor E 2 -related factor 2) plays a central role in the induction of antioxidant and detoxifying genes. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in their promoter regions. (nih.gov)
  • Nrf2-antioxidant response elements (ARE) pathway-related proteins were examined by RT-qPCR or western blot. (medscimonit.com)
  • Nrf2, a nuclear transcriptional factor is observed to show a protective role in cell defence and survival against xenobiotics and OS [ 14 ] via the control and regulation of the production of number of genes and enzymes that function as antioxidants. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Some of the antioxidant enzymes produced through the activation of Nrf2 are, superoxide dismutase (SOD), sulfiredoxin (Srx), peroxiredoxin (Prx), GSH peroxidase (GPx) and sestrin2 (Sesn2), which are involved in catabolism of free radicals into hydrogen peroxide, which is further broken down into water and oxygen by the enzyme catalase. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a transcription factor that activates transcription of a battery of cytoprotective genes by binding to the ARE (antioxidant response element). (biochemj.org)
  • Through characterization of the murine nqo1 5′-upstream region, we now show that Nrf2 regulates this gene directly via an ARE (antioxidant response element) that lies within a 24 bp region spanning nt −444 to −421. (biochemj.org)
  • In K562 cells, we have previously reported that hemin induces activation of the thioredoxin gene by regulating NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) through the antioxidant responsive element (ARE). (semanticscholar.org)
  • Induction of quinone reductase NQO1 by resveratrol in human K562 cells involves the antioxidant response element ARE and is accompanied by nuclear translocation of transcription factor Nrf2. (semanticscholar.org)
  • We found that curcumin led to nuclear accumulation of NRF2 protein and increased the expression of antioxidant response element- (ARE-) regulated genes in HaCaT keratinocytes in concentration- and time-dependent manners. (hindawi.com)
  • Upon oxidative stress, NRF2 and/or NRF1 dimerize with small MAF or other bZIP proteins in the nucleoplasm, and then the heterodimer binds to the AREs in the promoter regions of various detoxifying and antioxidative stress response genes, such as NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase 1 ( NQO1 ), glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic ( GCLC ) and regulatory ( GCLM ) subunits, and heme oxygenase-1 ( HMOX-1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, NRF2 and/or NRF1-mediated adaptive antioxidant response plays important roles against oxidative/electrophilic stress and in chemical detoxification. (hindawi.com)
  • Our previous studies demonstrated that NRF2, NRF1, and KEAP1 contribute to the coordinated regulation of antioxidant and detoxification enzyme expression and protect cells from arsenic-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in human HaCaT cells [ 6 - 8 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The substitute of Nrf1 with Nrf2 appearance plasmids in cotransfection tests also upregulated hARE-mediated HOX1I CAT gene appearance in Hep-G2 cells that was inducible in response to -NF and t-BHQ (Fig. (informationalwebs.com)
  • A Polymorphic Antioxidant Response Element Links NRF2/sMAF Binding to Enhanced MAPT Expression and Reduced Risk of Parkinsonian Disorders. (cdc.gov)
  • The NRF2/sMAF protein complex regulates the oxidative stress response by occupying cis-acting enhancers containing an antioxidant response element (ARE). (cdc.gov)
  • Transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated expression and coordinated induction of chemoprotective proteins in response to chemical stress. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In this report, we investigated Nrf2 response to low and high dose UVB irradiation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Antioxidant response element (ARE) present in the promoter of chemoprotective genes and nuclear factor, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), regulate the expression and coordinated induction of chemoprotective proteins in response to antioxidants and xenobiotics ( 13 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • The treatment of cells with antioxidants and xenobiotics leads to the release of Nrf2 from INrf2. (aacrjournals.org)
  • B[ a ]P exposure of non-activated Jurkat cells induced signaling pathways such as protein ubiquitination and NRF2 mediated oxidative stress response as well as metabolic adaptation involving pyruvate, purine and fatty acid metabolism. (ufz.de)
  • Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensing transcription factor that drives an adaptive cellular defense in response to oxidative stress. (fluoridealert.org)
  • In this study, we demonstrated that NaF activated the Nrf2 signaling and enhanced the downstream antioxidant protein levels, including heme oxygenase-1 and quinine oxidoreductase 1. (fluoridealert.org)
  • The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor E2-related factor 2) induces expression of cytoprotective genes, including Nqo1 (NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase 1), Ho-1 (heme oxygenase-1), and Gclc (glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit), in response to electrophilic and oxidative stress. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Targets of Nrf2 transcription include proteins involved in drug metabolism, efflux transporters (such as multidrug resistance-associated proteins, Mrps), antioxidant enzymes, heat shock responses, and proteasomal degradation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Interestingly, accumulation and translocation of Nrf2 increased the transcription of gankyrin through binding to the ARE elements in the promoter of gankyrin. (rupress.org)
  • The positive feedback regulation involving gankyrin and Nrf2 modulates a series of antioxidant enzymes, thereby lowering intracellular ROS and conferring a steadier intracellular environment, which prevents mitochondrial damage and cell death induced by excessive oxidative stress. (rupress.org)
  • In this article, the importance of redox‐activated NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is discussed as an example for transcriptional antioxidant response. (els.net)
  • Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant response element) regulates expression of many detoxifying genes and confers protection against cardiac and vascular disorders. (els.net)
  • ROS generation and Nrf2/ ARE signalling mediated cardio/athero‐protection through the transcriptional activation of Nrf2‐targeted antioxidant enzymes. (els.net)
  • In particular, isothiocyanates, the activated form of glucosinolates present in Brassica vegetables, have shown neuroprotective activity in several experimental paradigms due to their peculiar ability to activate the Nrf2/ARE pathway, playing a role in boosting the neuronal natural phase 2 enzyme antioxidant defense system and functioning as a powerful indirect antioxidant. (springer.com)
  • Previous studies showed that the antioxidant responsive element (ARE), found in these genes, can be bound by the transcription factor Nrf2, and is responsive to the activation by chemopreventive compounds and by oxidative stress. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Nuclear Nrf2 activates ARE elements and induces expression of stress-responsive genes, including HO-1 . (aacrjournals.org)
  • Dzx also activates KATP channels from the plasma membrane, which modifies the cell response to activation signals, (2) activates Nrf2 and (3) through a mechanism that remains to be described. (intechopen.com)
  • Free radicals enhance the activation of Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) by sulforaphane, despite suppression of Nrf2 nuclear accumulation. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Sulforaphane attentuates cadmium-induced carcinogenesis through Nrf2, antioxidant, and autophagy mechanisms. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Nrf2 upregulates a series of phase II detoxification and antioxidant genes, 1 , 2 as well as cell survival, antiinflammatory, energy metabolism, and other groups of genes that contain a cis-acting element in their promoter region recognized as the antioxidant response element (ARE) or electrophile response element (EpRE). (dovepress.com)
  • Nrf2, sometimes referred to as the master regulator of antioxidant, detoxification, and cell defense gene expression, was initially identified and cloned 20 years ago. (dovepress.com)
  • Although studies of some enzymes induced by oltipraz implicate a novel transcriptional activating pathway involving Nrf2 and antioxidant-response elements (AREs), the mechanism of phenol UGT induction has remained unclear. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Buccal swabs were analyzed for gene expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes including Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main function of Nrf2 is to activate the antioxidant response and induce transcription of a wide array of genes that are able to combat the harmful effects of oxidative stress, thus restoring intracellular homeostasis. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • The promoter regions of Nrf2 target genes contain a specific DNA sequence, called the antioxidant response element (ARE), that is required for Nrf2 binding and gene induction. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • Other Nrf2 downstream genes play a role in a wide variety of functions such as the inflammatory response, cell growth and apoptosis, DNA repair, and the ubiquitin-mediated degradation pathway ( 99 ) The diverse nature of Nrf2 downstream genes demonstrates its vital importance in cell survival and protection. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • Since its discovery, Nrf2 has been regarded as a regulator of the cell survival response, and as a result it has been found to not only promote survival of normal cells, but also cancer cells. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • One mechanism causing persistent Nrf2 activation is the adaptation of epithelial cells to oxidative stress during chronic inflammation, e.g. colonocytes in inflammatory bowel diseases, and the multifunctional stress response gene immediate early response-3 ( IER3 ) has a crucial role under these conditions. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • 4 Acting mainly as a key regulator of the cellular response to oxidative and metabolic stress ( 5 ), Nrf2 induces the expression of a great number of antioxidative and phase II enzymes as well as a number of genes involved in cell growth and survival ( 6 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • The Nrf2-antioxidant response element pathway protects cells from oxidative stress. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • To define the role of C/EBPβ or Nrf2 repression in GST expression under the condition excluding the negative regulation by C2-mediated HNF1 suppression, luciferase activity was determined in the cells transfected with ΔHNF-pGL-1651 plasmid lacking the HNF1-response element. (aspetjournals.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor E2-related factors (NRFs), including NRF2 and NRF1, play critical roles in mediating the cellular adaptive response to oxidative stress. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: We investigated the cross-regulations among NRF2, NRF1, and KEAP1, a cullin-3 adapter protein that allows NRF2 to be ubiquinated and degraded by the proteasome complex, in arsenic-induced antioxidant responses. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • IL-6-driven ROS reduction is associated with an increase in the master antioxidant factor NRF2, which rapidly translocates to the mitochondria to decrease mitochondrial activity and stimulate mitophagy. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The typical response to increased production of ROS includes activation of the master transcriptional regulator NRF2, which in turn activates a host of antioxidant genes and thus plays a critical role in protection against ROS-mediated injury ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • It is interesting to note that the IL-6 promoter contains an antioxidant response element and NRF2 can stimulate its expression ( 11 ), implying regulatory links between the signaling pathways. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The latter DNA sequences have been recognized as antioxidant/electrophile response elements or NF-E2-binding motifs to which Nrf2-sMaf heterodimers and p45 NF-E2-sMaf heterodimer bind, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nrf2-sMaf heterodimer regulates a battery of cytoprotective genes, such as antioxidant/xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mafk−/− mice fail to activate Nrf2-dependent cytoprotective genes in response to stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nuclear erythroid factor 2 like 2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of the antioxidant response to oxidative stresses. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Nuclear Factor Erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) senses oxidative environments and/or stress and initiates a cytoprotective response through transcriptional activation of antioxidant and detoxification genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2) is a conserved cap'n'collar (CNC) basic leucine zipper transcription factor which affords cytoprotection against xenobiotics and reactive oxygen species (ROS) through induction of antioxidant (ARE) and electrophile (EpRE) response elements [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway elicits an adaptive response for cell survival after endogenous and exogenous stresses, such as inflammation and carcinogens, respectively. (sciencemag.org)
  • We found that Nrf2 recognized a functional antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter of Notch1 . (sciencemag.org)
  • A promising approach to neurotherapeutics involves activating the nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element signaling, which regulates expression of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective genes. (jneurosci.org)
  • Our data suggest that DMF and MMF exhibit neuroprotective effects against MPTP neurotoxicity because of their distinct Nrf2-mediated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial functional/biogenetic effects, but MMF does so without depleting glutathione and inhibiting mitochondrial and glycolytic functions. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we report that p300/CBP directly acetylates Nrf2 in response to arsenite-induced stress. (asm.org)
  • These findings demonstrated that acetylation of Nrf2 by p300/CBP augments promoter-specific DNA binding of Nrf2 and established acetylation as a novel regulatory mechanism that functions in concert with Keap1-mediated ubiquitination in modulating the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response. (asm.org)
  • Nrf2 is a critical transcription factor that regulates endogenous antioxidants, phase II detoxification enzymes, and other cellular defensive proteins through the antioxidant responsive elements (AREs) in the promoter regions of these genes ( 42 , 43 , 63 ). (asm.org)
  • A growing body of evidence has established the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response as a pivotal protection system against the detrimental effects of many environmental insults. (asm.org)
  • In defense, vertebrates have developed multiple stress response systems, including the system regulated by the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway ( 13 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 29 ). (asm.org)
  • Nrf2 activates the expression of these genes through a cis -acting element called the antioxidant/electrophile responsive element (ARE/EpRE) ( 13 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 29 ). (asm.org)
Genes17
  • The expression of genes encoding antioxidative and Phase II detoxification enzymes is induced in cells exposed to electrophilic compounds and phenolic antioxidants. (nih.gov)
  • The activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/antioxidant response element signalling pathway regulates the expression of numbers of genes that are cytoprotective, antioxidative and detoxificative in action. (ijpsonline.com)
  • There is sufficient evidence the basal manifestation and xenobiotic and antioxidant induction of various detoxifying enzyme genes are coordinately regulated by a similar mechanism including ARE (4, 5). (informationalwebs.com)
  • Cellular exposure to antioxidants and xenobiotics leads to coordinated induction of a battery of chemoprotective genes including quinone oxidoreductases, NQO1 and NQO2 ( 1 , 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • The up-regulation of cellular defense genes, such as phase II detoxifying and stress response genes, is believed to play an important biological function in the protection against carcinogenesis and in the attenuation of cancer development ( 1 , 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • These recent findings suggest a key role for the antioxidant response element (ARE)/electrophile response element in the regulation of some phase II and stress-responsive antioxidant genes, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione S-transferase ( GST ), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase , and heme oxygenase-1 ( HO-1 ) by many chemicals, phenolic antioxidants, and other naturally occurring cancer chemopreventive agents ( 5 , 9 - 12 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Subset of enhancers -binding allows for the cell to respond to enviornmental changes by expressing genes involved in that response ex. (brainscape.com)
  • Phase 2 genes are induced through an antioxidant response element (ARE). (pnas.org)
  • many of these genes encode proteins involved in response to injury and inflammation which includes the production of free radicals. (genecards.org)
  • Transcription activator that binds to antioxidant response (ARE) elements in the promoter regions of target genes. (genecards.org)
  • Important for the coordinated up-regulation of genes in response to oxidative stress. (genecards.org)
  • Oxidative stress activates the transcription of a variety of antioxidant genes through cis-acting sequences of antioxidant response element (ARE) (Brigelius-Flohe 2011). (thermofisher.com)
  • Exogenous treatment of 15keto-PGE2 and PTGR2 knockdown cells exhibited augmented antioxidant response element (ARE) reporter activity, along with the upregulation of antioxidant genes expressions. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Furthermore, PTGR2 knockdown cells presented lower basal ROS level and higher antioxidant response genes expressions compared to control cells. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Strikingly, cross-dataset comparisons indicated that the pattern of gene expression caused by MnSOD was similar to that observed in long-lived Caenorhabditis elegans insulin-like signaling mutants and to the xenobiotic stress response, thus exposing potential conserved longevity promoting genes and implicating detoxification in Drosophila longevity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To maintain intracellular redox homeostasis, genes encoding many antioxidants and detoxification enzymes are transcriptionally upregulated upon deleterious oxidative stress through the cis antioxidant responsive elements (AREs) in their promoter regions. (asm.org)
  • Furthermore, the expression of genes for heme uptake changed in response to B-cell activation and heme administration. (bloodjournal.org)
Electrophile response element4
  • Activation of nuclear protein binding to the antioxidant/electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE) by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) is associated with transcriptional deregulation of c-Ha-ras. (elsevier.com)
  • Studies were conducted to evaluate the negative regulatory function of rat (r)GST-Ya antioxidant/electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE) in vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs). (elsevier.com)
  • Chen, YH & Ramos, KS 2000, ' A CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein site within antioxidant/electrophile response element along with CREB-binding protein participate in the negative regulation of rat GST-Ya, gene in vascular smooth muscle cells ', Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 275, no. 35, pp. 27366-27376. (elsevier.com)
  • In characterizing the molecular mechanism of quinone reductase and glutathione S -transferase induction by oltipraz, several studies have reported evidence that the effects are mediated transcriptionally through a cis -acting enhancer known as the antioxidant response element (ARE) or "electrophile" response element. (aspetjournals.org)
Pathway1
  • Pharmacometabolomic Pathway Response of Effective Anticancer Agents on Different Diets in Rats with Induced Mammary Tumors. (cancer.gov)
Anti-inflammatory6
  • Recent research has shown that dietary phytochemicals have pleiotropic behaviors, exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects in neuronal and glial cells. (springer.com)
  • Given its anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, these authors conclude that sulforaphane could be considered as a phytochemical at the forefront of natural medicine. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Sulforaphane elicits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and extracellular matrix remodelling effects in a rat model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Flaxseed (FS), a dietary botanical supplement with high fiber, lignan phenolics, and omega-3 fatty acids has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in murine models of acute and chronic lung injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our study affirms the significance of PTGR2 and 15keto-PGE2 in the progression of inflammatory response and suggest a novel anti-inflammatory therapy through targeting PTGR2/15keto-PGE2. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • His paper describes how increased expression of these enzymes correlates with an increased antioxidant status of the cell and anti-inflammatory activity. (healthcanal.com)
Transcription factor2
  • encoded in humans by the NFE2L2 gene) is a transcription factor that regulates the gene expression of a wide variety of cytoprotective phase II detoxification and antioxidant enzymes through a promoter sequence known as the antioxidant-responsive element (ARE). (dovepress.com)
  • This activated heterodimer binds to cognate cis -regulatory sequences (the aryl hydrocarbon receptor response element, AHRE-I) and functions as a transcription factor to recruit coactivators and possibly to interact directly with the basal transcription machinery ( 4 - 6 ). (mcponline.org)
Phenolic antioxidants2
  • Induction of phase 2 detoxification enzymes by phenolic antioxidants can account for prevention of tumor initiation but cannot explain why these compounds inhibit tumor promotion. (pnas.org)
  • Since AP-1 is an important mediator of tumor promoter action, these findings may explain the anti-tumor-promoting activity of phenolic antioxidants. (pnas.org)
Activates1
  • Depending on species concentration, p53 activates both pro-oxidants promoting autophagy and antioxidant responses [ 11 ] to regulate cell repair, senescence, DNA damage recognition, proliferation, and migration [ 12 ]. (thno.org)
Keap11
  • Cross-regulations among NRFs and KEAP1 and effects of their silencing on arsenic-induced antioxidant response and cytotoxicity ors human keratinocytes. (thefreelibrary.com)
Regulation5
  • Human antioxidant-response-element-mediated regulation of type 1 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, the proteome changes in unstimulated cells point towards a modified regulation of the cytoskeleton and cellular stress response, which was proven by western blotting. (fu-berlin.de)
  • 1 ) antioxidant defenses, (2) the regulation of structural, contractile and metabolic proteins, (3) ubiquitin proteosomal machinery, and ( 4 ) macroautophagy pathways. (degruyter.com)
  • More recently, evidence has begun to emerge suggesting that these organelles may act also as signaling devices for the regulation of cytoprotective mechanisms and adaptive responses to hypoxia. (ahajournals.org)
  • Distinct prostaglandin metabolism has been widely studied in this condition and many of these prostaglandins and their metabolites play important role in the regulation of innate immune response. (ncl.edu.tw)
Cellular12
  • NQO1 [NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1] has an integral role in cellular responses to oxidative stress. (biochemj.org)
  • The endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress response constitutes a cellular process that is triggered by a variety of conditions that disturb folding of proteins in the ER. (nih.gov)
  • Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factors (NRFs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate the cellular adaptive response to oxidative stress through the cis -regulating antioxidant response element (ARE). (hindawi.com)
  • This response may be mediated by oxidative intermediates of BaP generated during the course of cellular metabolism. (elsevier.com)
  • Normally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are tightly controlled by an inducible antioxidant program that responds to cellular stressors. (rupress.org)
  • Low level of ROS is responsible for cellular processes such as immune response, metabolism, transcriptional signalling, cell cycle, apoptosis and cell differentiation. (els.net)
  • Our findings suggest that coupling autophagy to antioxidant response in β-cells leads to stress adaptation that can reduce cellular apoptosis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Autophagy, as an adaptive response to cellular stress, has been shown to promote survival ( 7 ) and plays a critical role in antioxidant response in degenerative diseases ( 8 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We discuss findings indicating that these NO-elicited events act as triggers by which mitochondria modulate signal transduction cascades involved in the induction of cellular defense mechanisms and adaptive responses. (ahajournals.org)
  • This review therefore assesses the reliability of the neuroprotective benefits of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) by shedding light on their biological, pharmacological, antioxidant and metal chelation properties, with emphasis on their ability to invoke a range of cellular mechanisms in the brain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The metabolism of these antioxidants regulates the cellular concentration of ROS to prevent cellular damage. (jcancer.org)
  • The cellular response to stresses originating from the environment is controlled by the coordinated function of multiple cellular regulatory factors, providing animals with an important means of protection against environmental insults. (asm.org)
Protein5
  • Eukaryotic cells have developed an evolutionarily conserved adaptive mechanism, the unfolded protein response (UPR), which aims to clear unfolded proteins and restore ER homeostasis. (nih.gov)
  • The MEKK1 protein kinase is a critical upstream mediator in signaling pathways that control the response of cells to stress stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human GLO1 has MRE (metal-response element), IRE (insulin-response element), E2F4 (early gene 2 factor isoform 4), AP-2α (activating enhancer-binding protein 2α) and ARE (antioxidant response-element) regulatory elements and is a hotspot for copy number variation. (biochemsoctrans.org)
  • By integrating transcriptomic (microarray) data and genomic data (computational search of regulatory elements), we found that protein expression levels were mainly controlled at the level of transcription. (mcponline.org)
  • However, in response to increased oxidative stress, the vascular BK channel function is impaired, with reduced BK-β1 protein expression being a common feature in the vascular SMCs of prediabetic, type 1 diabetic, and type 2 diabetic animals ( 8 - 13 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Gene expression4
  • Regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression mediated by the antioxidant response element. (nih.gov)
  • The molecular responses to counteract diseases, including insulting conditions such as injury and pathogen infection, involve coordinated modulation of gene expression programs. (intechopen.com)
  • In another study, we found that ceramide decreased nuclear hepatic nuclear factor-1 (HNF1), whose binding to the HNF1-response element in the GSTA2 gene was responsible for the constitutive and inducible gene expression. (aspetjournals.org)
  • 11 They form heterodimers with small Maf proteins, bind to the Maf recognition element (MARE), and repress target gene expression. (bloodjournal.org)
Binds3
  • Binds to the T-MARE (Maf response element) sites of lens-specific alpha- and beta-crystallin gene promoters. (uniprot.org)
  • Binds element G1 on the glucagon promoter. (uniprot.org)
  • Binds an AT-rich region adjacent to the TGC motif (atypical Maf response element) in the CD13 proximal promoter in endothelial cells (By similarity). (uniprot.org)
Redox6
  • Although antioxidants, redox modulations, and neuropsychiatric disorders have been widely studied for many years, the field would benefit from an integrative and corroborative review. (hindawi.com)
  • Our primary objective is to delineate the biological significance of compounds that modulate our redox status (i.e., reactive species and antioxidants) as well as outline their current role in brain health and the impact of redox modulations on the severity of illnesses. (hindawi.com)
  • In cases where this balance of antioxidants and reactive species is disrupted by an excess or deficiency of either one, our body experiences a strong modulation of its redox status, commonly referred to as oxidative stress [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulates various physiological, pathological and stress response pathways through redox signalling. (els.net)
  • Endogenous antioxidants molecules such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase (GRD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) play significant role under pathophysiological conditions in maintaining redox balance. (els.net)
  • Redox imbalance is resulted from the destruction of balance between oxidants and antioxidants. (jcancer.org)
Tert-butylhydroquinone1
  • Interestingly, AP-1 DNA binding activity was induced by the phenolic antioxidant tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ), but the induction of AP-1 transcriptional activity by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) was inhibited by this compound. (pnas.org)
Enzyme1
  • The antioxidant enzyme activities in sea lettuce make it ideal for development as a preventive natural supplement. (healthcanal.com)
Proteins3
  • Oltipraz is proposed to stimulate binding to this element by members of the Jun/Fos and small Maf family of proteins by a mechanism that may involve oxidative stress. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These results reveal, for the first time, a subset of hepatic proteins that are differentially regulated in response to TCDD in a strain-specific manner. (mcponline.org)
  • They are primarily characterized through the accumulation of modified proteins, which further trigger biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and modulation of signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Reactive3
  • The potency of the carotenoids in ARE activation did not correlate with their effect on intracellular reactive oxygen species and reduced glutathione level, which may indicate that ARE activation is not solely related to their antioxidant activity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In a healthy cell, this balance is maintained as a result of our natural, endogenous antioxidant defences counteracting the continuous production of reactive species. (hindawi.com)
  • The cause of oxidative stress is the production of reactive oxygen species exceeding the capacity of the body's natural antioxidant defense mechanisms. (asm.org)
Xenobiotics1
  • Twenty-four base pairs of the human antioxidant response element (hARE) are required for high basal transcription of the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1) gene and its induction in response to xenobiotics and antioxidants. (informationalwebs.com)
Basal1
  • Human antioxidant-response element (hARE) containing two copies of the AP1/AP1-like elements arranged as inverse repeat is known to mediate basal and beta-naphthoflavone-induced transcription of the type 1 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) gene. (nih.gov)
Regulator1
  • DIM has been shown to be a strong inducer of the antioxidant response element (ARE), a regulator of the expression of many phase II drug metabolizing enzymes and phase III transporters. (prohealth.com)
Autophagy6
  • The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) has previously been linked to β-cell autophagy but has not been studied in the context of β-cell antioxidant response. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We show that IL-6 couples autophagy to antioxidant response and thereby reduces ROS in β-cells and human islets. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Multiple links between antioxidant response and autophagy have been demonstrated recently ( 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These observations suggest that activation of islet autophagy may bolster antioxidant response, leading to reduced oxidative stress and thereby reduced apoptosis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • One potential endocrine target in islet response to ROS is the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin (IL) 6, which we recently found to stimulate β-cell autophagy both in vitro and in vivo and to protect β-cells from apoptosis ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We show that acute upregulation of signaling events by IL-6 in β-cells orchestrates activation of autophagy and antioxidant response to collectively reduce ROS and promote survival under diabetogenic conditions. (diabetesjournals.org)
Nonenzymatic antioxidants2
  • Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants defence system satiates ROS in heart. (els.net)
  • As for the elimination of ROS, there are endogenous and exogenous small molecular antioxidants, or enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants [ 13 ] (Table 1 ). (jcancer.org)
Intracellular2
  • Apart from mitochondrial, the NADPH oxidase (NOX), which is mainly response to stress, is another source of intracellular ROS [ 12 ] (Fig. 1 ). (jcancer.org)
  • Glutathione (GSH) is the main intracellular thiol antioxidant. (bodyecology.com)
Metabolism3
  • DIM may be one of the compounds that contributes to these benefits, as it has been shown to support a healthy immune response, normal hormone metabolism, and natural detoxification pathways. (prohealth.com)
  • Investigations on the metabolism and potentially adverse effects of ethoxyquin dimer, a major metabolite of the synthetic antioxidant ethoxyquin in salmon muscle. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • However, little is known about the mechanism of the heme-mediated responses or changes in heme metabolism in the immune system. (bloodjournal.org)
Glutathione3
  • This thiol modification is reversible by reducing agents, including glutathione, in vitro, and likely represents a reversible means of inhibiting the kinase activity within the cell during the response to oxidative insult. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anyone over 18 years old or over can take the products contained in the Complete Detoxification Kit, especially those who want to support normal liver detoxification activity, help maintain healthy glutathione levels and provide the body with strong antioxidant protection to fight the negative effects of free radicals. (shop.com)
  • Not only that, glutathione has been implicated in the TH1/TH2 cytokine response pattern . (bodyecology.com)
Pathways1
  • Thus, a maladaptive response to ROS likely plays a significant role in diabetes pathogenesis ( 3 ), and the activation of antioxidant pathways in the face of increased ROS may be key to β-cell survival. (diabetesjournals.org)
Free radicals2
  • When the levels of oxidants outweigh the levels of antioxidants it leads to formation of free radicals like hydroxyl, superoxide, alkoxyl, peroxyl, glutathiyl, tocopheroxyl, hydroperoxyl and ascorbate. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables protect the body against these free radicals, mostly through a scavenging process of elimination. (healthcanal.com)
Found in the promoter2
  • Induction of these enzymes is regulated at the transcriptional level and is mediated by a specific enhancer, the antioxidant response element or ARE, found in the promoter of the enzyme's gene. (nih.gov)
  • The present study was designed to determine whether this induction is mediated by putative antioxidant response elements (ARE) found in the promoter. (illinois.edu)
Inflammatory response3
  • Plasma exerted significant effects on wound healing in mice, including the promotion of granulation and reepithelialization as a consequence of the migration of skin cells, the balance of antioxidant and inflammatory response, and the early induction of macrophage and neutrophil recruitment to the wound sites. (thno.org)
  • Those of us who have chosen to explore the Body Ecology Diet know from first-hand experience the effects of systemic Candida , immune sensitivity, and whole-body inflammatory response. (bodyecology.com)
  • Modulates immune system (TH1/TH2) and inflammatory response (involves TH17). (bodyecology.com)
Activator1
  • Taken together, we identified 15keto-PGE2 as an endogenous activator of antioxidant response and provided evidence of the immune-suppressive effect of 15keto-PGE2 and PTGR2 deficiency via in vitro and in vivo experiments. (ncl.edu.tw)
Induce3
  • Curcumin is demonstrated to induce remarkable antioxidant activity in a variety of cells and tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • Sulforaphane-containing broccoli sprout extracts induce a cytoprotective phase 2 response in mouse and human skin. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • 9 This discovery occurred just a few years after the initial reports of the ARE, 4 , 10 , 11 and was coincident with identification of the chemicals that induce phase II enzymes through the ARE response. (dovepress.com)
Sequence1
  • sMaf homodimers bind to a palindromic DNA sequence called the Maf recognition element (MARE: TGCTGACTCAGCA) and its related sequences. (wikipedia.org)
AREs1
  • Because P1 contained no visible AREs, the role of a xenobiotic response element (XRE) centered between bases −134 and −129 was evaluated. (aspetjournals.org)
Expression2
  • Hepa-1 cells stably transformed with hARE-tk-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) recombinant plasmid were used to demonstrate that, in addition to beta-naphthoflavone, a variety of antioxidants, tumor promoters and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) also increased expression of hARE-mediated CAT gene. (nih.gov)
  • Induced expression of drug metabolizing enzymes by preventive agents: role of the antioxidant response element. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Defense system1
  • We now have scientific evidence that this seaweed raises the body's antioxidant defense system and therefore might potentially prevent a number of diseases, including cancer," said Luesch. (healthcanal.com)
Biliverdin reductase1
  • Bilirubin, on the other hand, is oxidized to biliverdin to form the biliverdin reductase cycle that functions as an important antioxidant in protecting lipid oxidation. (aspetjournals.org)
Cells8
  • em C /em ) Overview of transcription elements that bind the hARE and/or impact the hARE-mediated Kitty gene appearance in mammalian cells. (informationalwebs.com)
  • We used a combination of animal models of diabetes and analysis of cultured human islets and rodent β-cells to study how IL-6 influences antioxidant response. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Loss-of-function studies in vivo further demonstrate that IL-6 signaling in β-cells plays a key role in the response to ROS that are generated by the toxic glucose analogs streptozotocin (STZ) and alloxan. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • It has antioxidant activity, which helps to protect cells from damage. (webmd.com)
  • These white blood cells are very important elements involved in immune response. (bodyecology.com)
  • Resting mature-B cells resume proliferation and then differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells in response to antigen stimulation or polyclonal stimulation. (bloodjournal.org)
  • This process increases the levels of a suite of antioxidant enzymes and boosts antioxidants in cells, producing longer-lasting protection. (healthcanal.com)
  • After incubating the HepG2 cells overnight, cell viability was measured using the CellTiter-Fluor™ Cell Viability Assay, and ARE and HSE responses were measured using the NanoDLR™ assay. (news-medical.net)
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