Antimalarials. Medical search

Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)

A group of SESQUITERPENES and their analogs that contain a peroxide group (PEROXIDES) within an oxepin ring (OXEPINS).

The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.

A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.

Tests that demonstrate the relative effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents against specific parasites.

A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.

A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.

Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.

A family of diphenylenemethane derivatives.

A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.

One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.

A protozoan parasite that occurs naturally in the macaque. It is similar to PLASMODIUM VIVAX and produces a type of malaria similar to vivax malaria (MALARIA, VIVAX). This species has been found to give rise to both natural and experimental human infections.

A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.

Compounds with two peroxide groups, that is, two pairs of adjacent OXYGEN atoms. They may have activity against PLASMODIUM similar to the ARTEMISININS.

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.

A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.

The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The self administration of medication not prescribed by a physician or in a manner not directed by a physician.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.

A protozoan parasite of rodents transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles dureni.

AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives.

Cells or feeding stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. In the malarial parasite, the trophozoite develops from the MEROZOITE and then splits into the SCHIZONT. Trophozoites that are left over from cell division can go on to form gametocytes.

A complication of MALARIA, FALCIPARUM characterized by the passage of dark red to black urine.

A group of compounds consisting in part of two rings sharing one atom (usually a carbon) in common.

Completed forms of the pharmaceutical preparation in which prescribed doses of medication are included. They are designed to resist action by gastric fluids, prevent vomiting and nausea, reduce or alleviate the undesirable taste and smells associated with oral administration, achieve a high concentration of drug at target site, or produce a delayed or long-acting drug effect.

A group of compounds that contain a bivalent O-O group, i.e., the oxygen atoms are univalent. They can either be inorganic or organic in nature. Such compounds release atomic (nascent) oxygen readily. Thus they are strong oxidizing agents and fire hazards when in contact with combustible materials, especially under high-temperature conditions. The chief industrial uses of peroxides are as oxidizing agents, bleaching agents, and initiators of polymerization. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404)

The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.

Proteins found in any species of protozoan.

A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970)

A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.

A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Proteins that contain an iron-porphyrin, or heme, prosthetic group resembling that of hemoglobin. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p480)

The process of finding chemicals for potential therapeutic use.

The geographical area of Asia comprising BORNEO; BRUNEI; CAMBODIA; INDONESIA; LAOS; MALAYSIA; the MEKONG VALLEY; MYANMAR (formerly Burma), the PHILIPPINES; SINGAPORE; THAILAND; and VIETNAM.

Inhibitors of the enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE), which converts dihydrofolate (FH2) to tetrahydrofolate (FH4). They are frequently used in cancer chemotherapy. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)

An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.

Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.

Invertebrate organisms that live on or in another organism (the host), and benefit at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

A traditional term for all the activities which a physician or other health care professional normally performs to insure the coordination of the medical services required by a patient. It also, when used in connection with managed care, covers all the activities of evaluating the patient, planning treatment, referral, and follow-up so that care is continuous and comprehensive and payment for the care is obtained. (From Slee & Slee, Health Care Terms, 2nd ed)

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER between BENIN and CAMEROON. Its capital is Abuja.

A country in northeastern Africa. The capital is Khartoum.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA, west of SOMALIA with TANZANIA to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of SUDAN and west of KENYA. Its capital is Kampala.

Quinolines substituted in any position by one or more amino groups.

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and parasitic diseases. The parasitic infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria (MALARIA, VIVAX). This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions.

Solid dosage forms, of varying weight, size, and shape, which may be molded or compressed, and which contain a medicinal substance in pure or diluted form. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The continuous sequence of changes undergone by living organisms during the post-embryonic developmental process, such as metamorphosis in insects and amphibians. This includes the developmental stages of apicomplexans such as the malarial parasite, PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM.

Formerly known as Siam, this is a Southeast Asian nation at the center of the Indochina peninsula. Bangkok is the capital city.

Simultaneous resistance to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs.

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 7,8-dihyrofolate and NADPH to yield 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate and NADPH+, producing reduced folate for amino acid metabolism, purine ring synthesis, and the formation of deoxythymidine monophosphate. Methotrexate and other folic acid antagonists used as chemotherapeutic drugs act by inhibiting this enzyme. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.5.1.3.

A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.

The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.

The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Malaria prophylaxis using azithromycin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. (1/4748)

New drugs are needed for preventing drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against P. falciparum in malaria-immune Kenyans was 83%. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against multidrug-resistant P. falciparum malaria and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria in Indonesian adults with limited immunity. After radical cure therapy, 300 randomized subjects received azithromycin (148 subjects, 750-mg loading dose followed by 250 mg/d), placebo (77), or doxycycline (75, 100 mg/d). The end point was slide-proven parasitemia. There were 58 P. falciparum and 29 P. vivax prophylaxis failures over 20 weeks. Using incidence rates, the protective efficacy of azithromycin relative to placebo was 71.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.3-83.8) against P. falciparum malaria and 98.9% (95% CI, 93.1-99.9) against P. vivax malaria. Corresponding figures for doxycycline were 96.3% (95% CI, 85.4-99.6) and 98% (95% CI, 88.0-99.9), respectively. Daily azithromycin offered excellent protection against P. vivax malaria but modest protection against P. falciparum malaria. (+info)

8-Aminoquinolines active against blood stage Plasmodium falciparum in vitro inhibit hematin polymerization. (2/4748)

From the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) inventory, thirteen 8-aminoquinoline analogs of primaquine were selected for screening against a panel of seven Plasmodium falciparum clones and isolates. Six of the 13 8-aminoquinolines had average 50% inhibitory concentrations between 50 and 100 nM against these P. falciparum clones and were thus an order of magnitude more potent than primaquine. However, excluding chloroquine-resistant clones and isolates, these 8-aminoquinolines were all an order of magnitude less potent than chloroquine. None of the 8-aminoquinolines was cross resistant with either chloroquine or mefloquine. In contrast to the inactive primaquine prototype, 8 of the 13 8-aminoquinolines inhibited hematin polymerization more efficiently than did chloroquine. Although alkoxy or aryloxy substituents at position 5 uniquely endowed these 13 8-aminoquinolines with impressive schizontocidal activity, the structural specificity of inhibition of both parasite growth and hematin polymerization was low. (+info)

Alternative oxidase inhibitors potentiate the activity of atovaquone against Plasmodium falciparum. (3/4748)

Recent evidence suggests that the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum utilizes a branched respiratory pathway including both a cytochrome chain and an alternative oxidase. This branched respiratory pathway model has been used as a basis for examining the mechanism of action of two antimalarial agents, atovaquone and proguanil. In polarographic assays, atovaquone immediately reduced the parasite oxygen consumption rate in a concentration-dependent manner. This is consistent with its previously described role as an inhibitor of the cytochrome bc1 complex. Atovaquone maximally inhibited the rate of P. falciparum oxygen consumption by 73% +/- 10%. At all atovaquone concentrations tested, the addition of the alternative oxidase inhibitor, salicylhydroxamic acid, resulted in a further decrease in the rate of parasite oxygen consumption. At the highest concentrations of atovaquone tested, the activities of salicylhydroxamic acid and atovaquone appear to overlap, suggesting that at these concentrations, atovaquone partially inhibits the alternative oxidase as well as the cytochrome chain. Drug interaction studies with atovaquone and salicylhydroxamic acid indicate atovaquone's activity against P. falciparum in vitro is potentiated by this alternative oxidase inhibitor, with a sum fractional inhibitory concentration of 0.6. Propyl gallate, another alternative oxidase inhibitor, also potentiated atovaquone's activity, with a sum fractional inhibitory concentration of 0.7. Proguanil, which potentiates atovaquone activity in vitro and in vivo, had a small effect on parasite oxygen consumption in polarographic assays when used alone or in the presence of atovaquone or salicylhydroxamic acid. This suggests that proguanil does not potentiate atovaquone by direct inhibition of either branch of the parasite respiratory chain. (+info)

Declining concentrations of dihydroartemisinin in plasma during 5-day oral treatment with artesunate for Falciparum malaria. (4/4748)

Six patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria received artesunate for 5 days. Plasma concentrations of artesunate and dihydroartemisinin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The concentrations of dihydroartemisinin in plasma 2 h after a dose showed a time-dependent decline. Concentrations of artesunate in plasma especially after the last dose, were very low. Despite this, all patients responded with a fast recovery. (+info)

Comparison of in vivo and in vitro tests of resistance in patients treated with chloroquine in Yaounde, Cameroon. (5/4748)

The usefulness of an isotopic in vitro assay in the field was evaluated by comparing its results with the therapeutic response determined by the simplified WHO in vivo test in symptomatic Cameroonian patients treated with chloroquine. Of the 117 enrolled patients, 102 (87%) completed the 14-day follow-up, and 95 isolates obtained from these patients (46 children, 49 adults) yielded an interpretable in vitro test. A total of 57 of 95 patients (60%; 28 children and 29 adults) had an adequate clinical response with negative smears (n = 46) or with an asymptomatic parasitaemia (n = 11) on day 7 and/or day 14. The geometric mean 50% inhibitory concentration of the isolates obtained from these patients was 63.3 nmol/l. Late and early treatment failure was observed in 29 (30.5%) and 9 (9.5%) patients, respectively. The geometric mean 50% inhibitory concentrations of the corresponding isolates were 173 nmol/l and 302 nmol/l. Among the patients responding with late and early treatment failure, five isolates and one isolate, respectively, yielded a discordant result (in vivo resistance and in vitro sensitivity). The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the in vitro test to detect chloroquine-sensitive cases was 67%, 84% and 86%, respectively. There was moderate concordance between the in vitro and in vivo tests (kappa value = 0.48). The in vitro assay agrees relatively well with the therapeutic response and excludes several host factors that influence the results of the in vivo test. However, in view of some discordant results, the in vitro test cannot substitute for in vivo data on therapeutic efficacy. The only reliable definition of "resistance" in malaria parasites is based on clinical and parasitological response in symptomatic patients, and the in vivo test provides the standard method to determine drug sensitivity or resistance as well as to guide national drug policies. (+info)

Intrinsic efficacy of proguanil against falciparum and vivax malaria independent of the metabolite cycloguanil. (6/4748)

Mutations in human CYP2C19 and parasite dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) genes, related to poor metabolism of proguanil and resistance to cycloguanil, respectively, have both been assumed to be associated with poor antimalarial effect by proguanil. To study this, 95 subjects with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax infections in Vanuatu received proguanil treatment for 3 days (adult relative dose of 300-500 mg/day) and were followed up for 28 days. A similarly high antimalarial efficacy against both infections was observed in 62 patients with CYP2C19-related poor metabolizer genotype and in 33 with extensive metabolizer genotype, even though blood cycloguanil was significantly more often detected in those with extensive metabolizer genotype than in those with poor metabolizer genotype. All 28 P. falciparum isolates had two dhfr mutations (residues 59 and 108), suggesting moderate resistance to cycloguanil. The results suggest that the parent compound proguanil has significant intrinsic efficacy against falciparum and vivax malaria independent of the metabolite cycloguanil. (+info)

A randomized, double-blind, comparative trial of a new oral combination of artemether and benflumetol (CGP 56697) with mefloquine in the treatment of acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Thailand. (7/4748)

CGP 56697, a new oral fixed combination of artemether and benflumetol, was tested in a double-blinded, randomized trial in 252 adult patients treated either with CGP 56697 (4 x 4 tablets each containing 20 mg of artemether and 120 mg of benflumetol, given at 0, 8, 24, and 48 hr), or with mefloquine (three tablets of 250 mg at initial diagnosis, followed by two tablets of 250 mg at 8 hr). Baseline data of the two groups were comparable. The 28-day cure rate with CGP 56697 was lower than with mefloquine (69.3% versus 82.4%; P = 0.002). However, CGP 56697 was more effective than mefloquine in parasite clearance time (43 hr versus 66 hr; P < 0.001) fever clearance time (32 hr versus 54 hr; P < 0.005), and gametocyte clearance time (152 hr versus 331 hr; P < 0.001). This study revealed that CGP 56697 is effective against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Thailand, but higher doses will probably be needed to improve the cure rate. (+info)

The pharmacokinetics of artemisinin after administration of two different suppositories to healthy Vietnamese subjects. (8/4748)

Eight healthy Vietnamese male subjects received 400 mg artemisinin formulated into fatty suppositories (FS), and six different subjects received 500 mg of artemisinin formulated in polyethylene glycol suppositories (PEGS). Plasma concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection; concentration versus time curves were analyzed with nonparametric methods. No statistically significant differences were found between the two formulations. The maximum concentration (Cmax) was 100 +/- 102 microg/L (mean +/- SD, range = 24-330) microg/L (FS), the pharmacokinetic lag time (Tlag) was 1.3 +/- 1.0 hr (range = 0-3) (FS), and the time of the maximum concentration (Tmax) was 7.1 +/- 2.1 hr (range = 3-10) hr (FS). Because artemisinin is not available for intravenous dosage, absolute bioavailability cannot be assessed. However, compared with a previous study on oral artemisinin in healthy Vietnamese subjects, bioavailability relative to oral administration was estimated to be approximately 30%. We conclude that therapeutic blood concentrations of artemisinin can be reached after rectal dosage. The dose after rectal administration should probably be higher than after oral administration; doubling or tripling the oral dose might be necessary, which would imply a rectal dose of at least 20 mg/kg of body weight given twice a day. (+info)

Antimalarial medicines[edit]. For curative treatment[edit]. *Amodiaquine[note 42]. *Artemether[note 43] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Health_Organization_Essential_Medicines

Another example is in the synthesis of antimalarials as aminoalkylamino derivatives of 2,3-dihydrofuroquinolines The Gould ... Cruickshank, Philip A. (1970). "Antimalarials. 1. Aminoalkylamino derivatives of 2,3-dihydrofuroquinolines". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gould–Jacobs_reaction

D.E. Pearson; Adam Rosenberg (1975). "Potential antimalarials. 9. Resolution of alpha-diheptylaminomethyl-6-9-phenanthrenes-an ... accepted a position at Vanderbilt University as an Assistant Professor of Chemistry and began research developing antimalarial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_E._Pearson

Biot, C.; Nosten, F.; Fraisse, L.; Ter-Minassian, D.; Khalife, J.; Dive, D. (2011). "The antimalarial ferroquine: from bench to ... Roux, C.; Biot, C. (2012). "Ferrocene-based antimalarials". Future Med. Chem. 4 (6): 783-797. doi:10.4155/fmc.12.26. PMID ... an antimalarial. Ferrocene-containing polymer-based drug delivery systems have been investigated. The anticancer activity of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrocene

Programmes which presumptively treat all causes of fever with antimalarial drugs may lead to overuse of antimalarials and ... Antimalarial mass drug administration to an entire population at the same time may reduce the risk of contracting malaria in ... Antimalarial drugs using synthetic metal-based complexes are attracting research interest. (+)-SJ733: Part of a wider class of ... This is due to the cost of the drugs, side effects from long-term use, and the difficulty in obtaining antimalarial drugs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria

Anemia - a reduction of the red blood cells in the body. Leukopenia - a deficiency of white blood cells, or leukocytes[2] Neutropenia - a type of leukopenia, with a specific deficiency in neutrophils[3] Thrombocytopenia - a deficiency of platelets Pancytopenia - When all three types of blood cells; red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, are all deficient. This is a life-threatening disorder that is a characteristic of aplastic anemia.[4] There are also two general types of cytopenia: autoimmune and refractory. Autoimmune cytopenia - caused by an autoimmune disease when your body produces antibodies to destroy the healthy blood cells. Refractory cytopenia - caused by bone marrow not producing healthy blood cells, and can be a result of cancer. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytopenia

The combination with halofantrine, another antimalarial, can cause a life-threatening QT prolongation. Drugs and other ... Access to Artemesinin-based antimalarial medicinal products of acceptable quality. Available at http://healthtech.whoz.int/pq/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemether/lumefantrine

... is an antimalarial lactone derived from qinghao (青蒿, Artemisia annua or sweet wormwood). The medicinal value of ... This second source of artemisinin is poised to enable a more stable flow of key antimalarial treatments to those who need them ... These metabolites lack antimalarial properties due to the loss of the endoperoxide group (deoxyartemisinin however has anti- ... Its antimalarial application was first described in Zhouhou Beiji Fang (The Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies, Chinese ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisinin

... and the antimalarial compound lapinone. However the Fiesers were best known for their numerous books. Their first joint ... "Naphthoquinone Antimalarials. XII. The Hooker Oxidation Reaction", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 70 (10): 3215-22, doi:10.1021/ja01190a005 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Peters_Fieser

Suarez-Almazor ME, Belseck E, Shea B, Homik J, Wells G, Tugwell P (2000). "Antimalarials for treating rheumatoid arthritis". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis

Antimalarial Drugs. Washington, DC: National Research Council, Office of Medical Information, 1944 (co-author). Soranus' ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owsei_Temkin

Artemisinin, an antimalarial agent from sweet wormtree Artemisia annua, used in Chinese medicine since 200BC is one drug used ... an anti-malarial; an anti-bacterial; and a treatment for gout. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_discovery

chloroquine (anti-malarial). Suppression of IL-1, induce apoptosis of inflammatory cells and decrease chemotaxis. unknown. ... hydroxychloroquine (anti-malarial). TNF-alpha, induce apoptosis of inflammatory cells and decrease chemotaxis. csDMARD. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMARD

Attempts to find new antimalarials. Part XXIV. Derivatives of o-phenanthroline (7 : 8 : 3′ : 2′-pyridoquinoline)". J. Chem. Soc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenanthroline

Nwokolo C (October 1965). "Prophylactic antimalarials in sickle-cell disease". British Medical Journal. 2 (5466): 880. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chukwuedu_Nwokolo

White, NJ (April 2004). "Antimalarial drug resistance". J. Clin. Invest. 113 (8): 1084-1092. doi:10.1172/JCI21682. PMC 385418. ... since resistance is now common against all classes of antimalarial drugs, except for the artemisinins. Malaria was once common ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic

It remained the antimalarial drug of choice until the 1940s, when other drugs took over. The form of quinine most effective in ... Quinine remained the antimalarial drug of choice until after World War II. Since then, other drugs that have fewer side effects ... According to tradition, because of the bitter taste of anti-malarial quinine tonic, British colonials in India mixed it with ... As with other quinoline antimalarial drugs, the precise mechanism of action of quinine has not been fully resolved, although in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinine

Low doses of antimalarials can be used. Orally ingested chloroquine is completely absorbed in the gut and is preferentially ... Complete remission can be seen within 6-12 months as each dose of antimalarial can only remove a finite amount of porphyrins ... "Interaction of quinoline antimalarial drugs with ferriprotoporphyrin IX, a solid state spectroscopy study". Journal of ... Protoporphyrin IX Complexes of the Antimalarial Cinchona Alkaloids Quinine and Quinidine". ACS Chemical Biology. 7 (4): 666-71 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyria_cutanea_tarda

... received renewed attention for its wide range of biological activities, including activities as antimalarial, ... Castro, A. J. (1967). "Antimalarial Activity of Prodigiosin". Nature. 213 (5079): 903-904. Bibcode:1967Natur.213..903C. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodigiosin

Osorio is a Data Access Committee member of the Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN). As part of the WWARN's ... "Dr Lyda Osorio". Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network. 2017-04-11. Retrieved 2021-04-07. "Gametocyte carriage in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyda_Osorio

Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network. Retrieved 2017-01-20. Brockman, A.; Price, R.N.; van Vugt, M.; Heppner, D.G.; Walsh ... "Plasmodium falciparum antimalarial drug susceptibility on the north-western border of Thailand during five years of extensive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxanthine

2) Antimalarial Drug Action. For example, Tilley investigates the molecular basis of the resistance that is currently emerging ... to the antimalarial drug, artemisinin, with a view to extending the use of a drug that saves millions of lives, 3) Studying the ... Measuring and modelling malaria parasites to develop new antimalarials". 2018-12-13. http://www.ozemalar.org/news/news_tilley_ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leann_Tilley

Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) (2016-01-28). "Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium". Worldwide Antimalarial ... Some of the antimalarial drugs used include Chloroquine, Mefloquine, and Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine since they are safe for use ... Prevention of pregnancy-associated malaria can be done with the use of various antimalarial drugs that are given before or ... This gene is important in determining if certain antimalarial drugs such as Primaquine and Tafenoquine can be used since these ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy-associated_malaria

He coordinates clinical trials for antimalarials in Western Africa. He led the trail of pyramax, which he showed could be used ... Djimdé helped to establish the Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network and served on the advisory board. In 2012 he was ... He works on the genetic epidemiology of antimalarial drug resistance and is a Wellcome Sanger Institute International Fellow. ... Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network". www.wwarn.org. Retrieved 2018-06-10. "Honors and award , DELGEME". delgeme.org. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdoulaye_Djimdé

antibiotics, antifungals, antileprotics, antituberculous drugs, antimalarials, anthelmintics, amoebicides, antivirals, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicines

Antimalarial, larvicidal. S. mauritiana. Leaves. Crude powder. A. gambiae, Culex larvae Anti-inflammatory. S. acmella. Aerial ... Antimalarial, larvicidal. S. mauritiana. Aerial parts. Methanol extract. Aedes aegypti larvae Insecticidal. S. acmella Murr.. ... Antimalarial, larvicidal. S. acmella Murr.. Flowers. Ethanol. Anopheles, Aedes, Culex larvae Antinociception, antihyperalgesic ... Antimalarial, larvicidal. S. acmella, S. calva, S. paniculata. Flowers. Hexane. A. stephensi, A. culicifacies, C. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acmella_oleracea

Cases of homeopaths advising against the use of anti-malarial drugs have also been identified. putting visitors to the tropics ... Coffman, Becky (January 28, 2019). "A cautionary tale: the risks of unproven antimalarials". Centers for Disease Control. Pray ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopathy

Cases of homeopaths advising against the use of anti-malarial drugs have been identified. This puts visitors to the tropics who ... Coffman, Becky (January 28, 2019). "A cautionary tale: the risks of unproven antimalarials". Centers for Disease Control. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_and_efficacy_of_homeopathy

Tafenoquine has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prophylaxis of malaria in adults (ArakodaTM, 60 Degrees Pharmaceutical, 100 mg tablets) and for radical cure of Plasmodium vivax in persons greater than 16 years old (KrintafelTM, GSK, 150 mg tablets). Tafenoquine is only the second drug of its kind to receive FDA approval. Prior to using these drugs, patients must be tested and found to have normal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity.

https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/new_info/2018/tafenoquine_2018.html

One of the antimalarials listed below can be administered. IV clindamycin and IV tetracyclines such as doxycycline are also not ... These drugs are slow-acting antimalarials that would not take effect until well after 24 hours, and they are not effective ... The only U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved IV antimalarial in the United States, IV quinidine, has been ... For patients unable to tolerate an oral antimalarial, health care providers will need to decide the most feasible route to ...

https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/new_info/2019/artesunate_2019.html

Resistance to antimalarial medicines is a threat to global efforts to control and eliminate malaria. Protecting the efficacy of ... Resistance to antimalarial medicines is a threat to global efforts to control and eliminate malaria. Improved access to ... Preventing and containing antimalarial drug resistance. Several factors influence the emergence and spread of drug resistant ... Antimalarial drug resistance in the Greater Mekong Subregion: How concerned should we be? ...

http://www.who.int/malaria/areas/drug_resistance/overview/en/

encoded search term (How do antimalarials and protease inhibitors (PIs) interact?) and How do antimalarials and protease ... How do antimalarials and protease inhibitors (PIs) interact?. Updated: Jan 15, 2019 ... monitor closely for antimalarial efficacy and lumefantrine toxicity. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/2041624-172352/how-do-antimalarials-and-protease-inhibitors-pis-interact

Anti- Malarials - Drugs. On Medindia find the complete list of Anti- Malarials drugs with their available forms and strength. ...

https://www.medindia.net/drugs/therapeutic-classification/anti-malarials.htm

Resistance has emerged to all classes of antimalarial drugs except the artemisinins and is responsible for a recent increase in ... The de novo emergence of resistance can be prevented by the use of antimalarial drug combinations. Artemisinin-derivative ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/21682/figure/5

Most antimalarial drugs target the erythrocytic stage of malaria infection, which is the phase of infection that causes ... Antimalarial drugs are used for the treatment and prevention of malaria infection. ... Antimalarial drugs are used for the treatment and prevention of malaria infection. Most antimalarial drugs target the ... Antimalarial drugs: An overview. Authors. Mark Travassos, MD, MSc. Mark Travassos, MD, MSc ...

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/antimalarial-drugs-an-overview

Fraudulent and substandard antimalarial drugs could be wrecking the chances of winning the war against malaria in Africa, ... Fraudulent and substandard antimalarial drugs could be wrecking the chances of winning the war against malaria in Africa, ... Fake Antimalarial Medications Undermine Africa Malaria Drive. Written by Christian Nordqvist on January 17, 2012 ... The researchers set out to determine how prevalent counterfeit and substandard antimalarials were in Africa. They gathered data ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/240406

While most of us are aware of the issue of antibiotic resistance, the growing problem of resistance to antimalarial drugs often ... Some strains of the P. falciparum parasite have evolved resistance to antimalarial drugs such as artemisinin, one of the main ... In addition, in the 1950s and 1960s there was mass administration of the antimalarial drugs chloroquine and pyrimethamine in ... It is hoped that these findings and subsequent research will help us better understand how resistance to antimalarial drugs ...

https://www.nhs.uk/news/genetics-and-stem-cells/parasite-genes-drive-up-antimalarial-resistance/

The Paludrine/Avloclor antimalarial travel pack contains two types of tablets used for preventing malaria. The Paludrine ... Paludrine/Avloclor antimalarial travel pack. The Paludrine/Avloclor antimalarial travel pack contains two types of tablets used ... The Paludrine/Avloclor antimalarial travel pack contains two types of tablets used for preventing malaria. The Paludrine ... The child will also need to be given antimalarial medicine, and you should seek medical advice from your doctor or pharmacist ...

https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/infection/a7304/paludrine-avloclor-antimalarial-travel-pack/

Antimalarial medications or simply antimalarials are a type of antiparasitic chemical agent, often naturally derived, that can ... The resistance to anti-malarials may be increased by a process found in some species of Plasmodium, where a degree of ... Anti-malarial drug resistance has been defined as: "the ability of a parasite to survive and/or multiply despite the ... The prevention of anti-malarial drug resistance is of enormous public health importance. It can be assumed that no therapy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimalarial_medication

Evaluation of the anti-malarial activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of Olea europaea.Jul 10, 2019. ... Pharmacological Actions : Antimalarials, Antiviral Agents. Additional Keywords : Bioavailability, Drug Resistance, Plant ... The anti-malarial effect of curcumin might be due to binding with PfHGPRT.Sep 30, 2016. ... Antimalarial properties of aqueous crude extracts of gynostemma pentaphyllum and moringa oleifera leaves in combination with ...

https://www.greenmedinfo.com/pharmacological-action/antimalarials

... antimalarial medications can help prevent disease flare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus whove achieved clinical ... Cite this: Slow Taper off Antimalarial Is Best to Avoid Lupus Flare During Remission - Medscape - Nov 30, 2020. ... "Except in the setting of toxicity, cessation of antimalarial medication in patients with disease quiescence is feasible using a ... To investigate flare in patients with SLE who were on or recently off antimalarial medications (AMs), the researchers ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/941743?src=rss

On the molecular mechanism of chloroquines antimalarial action. D J Sullivan Jr, I Y Gluzman, D G Russell, and D E Goldberg ... The Antimalarial Activities of Methylene Blue and the 1,4-Naphthoquinone 3-[4-(Trifluoromethyl)Benzyl]-Menadione Are Not Due to ... Novel Antimalarial Aminoquinolines: Heme Binding and Effects on Normal or Plasmodium falciparum-Parasitized Human Erythrocytes ... Artemisinin, an Endoperoxide Antimalarial, Disrupts the Hemoglobin Catabolism and Heme Detoxification Systems in Malarial ...

http://www.pnas.org/content/93/21/11865

Antimalarial drug discovery - the path towards eradication.. Burrows JN1, Burlot E1, Campo B1, Cherbuin S1, Jeanneret S1, Leroy ... Antimalarial[Title] AND drug[Title] AND discovery[Title] AND path[Title] AND towards[Title] AND eradication[Title]. Search. ... Search: Antimalarial[Title] AND drug[Title] AND discovery[Title] AND path[Title] AND towards[Title] AND eradication[Title] ... The Parasite Reduction Ratio for four standard antimalarials: artemisinin, chloroquine, pyrimethamine and atovaquone. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Antimalarial+drug+discovery+%E2%80%93+the+path+towards+eradication

The US is fast-tracking antimalarial drugs for use as a treatment against the new coronavirus, President Donald Trump said ... US fast-tracking antimalarials to treat coronavirus. The US is fast-tracking antimalarial drugs for use as a treatment against ... "As an example, many Americans have read studies and heard media reports about this drug chloroquine, which is an anti-malarial ... The US is fast-tracking antimalarial drugs for use as a treatment against the new coronavirus, President Donald Trump said ...

https://www.barrons.com/news/us-approves-anti-malarial-drug-to-treat-coronavirus-trump-01584633603

Antimalarials for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Antimalarials have been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ... Antimalarials have been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for several decades. Recently several trials have ... To assess the short-term efficacy and toxicity of antimalarials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ... All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing antimalarials against placebo in ...

https://www.cochrane.org/CD000959/MUSKEL_antimalarials-for-treating-rheumatoid-arthritis

Antimalarials. Class Summary. Antimalarials are used to treat certain photosensitive eruptions, including solar urticaria, but ... Antimalarial agents can treat certain photosensitive eruptions, including those of solar urticaria, but their efficacy is ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050485-medication

Expanding the antimalarial toolkit: Targeting host-parasite interactions.. Langhorne J1, Duffy PE2. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26834158

... Maloprim is used in conjunction with chloroquine as a preventative measure ...

https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/ask-the-expert/infection-faqs/a5406/which-antimalarial-drug-should-we-use-in-zimbabwe/

... the new breakthrough the scientists have utilized nanotechnology in order to improve the delivery of an existing antimalarial ...

http://www.digitaljournal.com/tech-and-science/science/essential-science-nanotechnology-provides-antimalarial-drug/article/514598

... Illustration of Anopheles darlingi.. An international team of scientists, led by ... Their findings, which may provide the basis for anti-malarial drug development, are currently published in the online version ... "ML276 is a very promising basis for future drug design of new anti-malarial therapeutics," said Bode. ...

https://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/pressrelease/novel_anti_malarial_drug_target_identified

Study sheds light on two important proteins, plasmepsin IX and X, without which malarial parasite cannot invade and exit red blood cells.

https://www.medindia.net/news/nih-study-on-malarial-proteins-may-improve-antimalarial-drugs-174166-1.htm

Further reports about: , African elephant , African public sector , MMV390048 , aminopyridine class , antimalarial potential , ... African elephant »African public sector »MMV390048 »aminopyridine class »antimalarial potential »malaria parasites lifecycle » ... African antimalarial research bears first fruit. 29.08.2012. Promising new compound becomes the first stemming from an African- ... Kelly Chibale then scrutinised and explored the antimalarial potential of the series further. With parasitological and ...

http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/medicine-health/african-antimalarial-research-bears-fruit-201243.html

Two successful decades of Swiss collaborations to develop new anti-malarials. March 26, 2019 - 15:59 -- Open Access. Tags: ... Injectable anti-malarials revisited: discovery and development of new agents to protect against malaria. November 6, 2018 - 14: ... Relationship between weight status and anti-malarial drug efficacy and safety in children in Mali. February 19, 2019 - 14:29 ... Anti-malarial activity of the root extract of Euphorbia abyssinica (Euphorbiaceae) against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice ...

https://malariaworld.org/category/medical-treatment/medical-treatment-221

A Single-Dose Combination Study with the Experimental Antimalarials Artefenomel and DSM265 To Determine Safety and Antimalarial ... How long do rapid diagnostic tests remain positive after anti-malarial treatment? June 13, 2018 - 08:29 -- Open Access. Tags: ... antimalarials, gametocyte, gametocytocidal, malaria elimination, malaria, plasmodium falciparum, sporogonic, sporontocidal, ... As an effective antimalarial drug, Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is readily isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine of ...

https://malariaworld.org/category/calais-document-category/calais-document-category-257

Prescribed Antimalarials. Overall, 163 pregnant women (28.8%) were prescribed at least once an antimalarial for a possible ... Profile of Antimalarials Prescribed according to Gestational Age. Antimalarials prescription began in the second month of ... there are some errors of antimalarials prescription related to the period of gestation and to not recommended antimalarials ... of the recommended antimalarials prescription regarding categories of indicated antimalarials from national guidelines. But, ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mrt/2011/414510/

Antimalarials, which have a broad array of anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antithrombotic effects, now are recommended ... Multivariable analysis revealed that use of this antimalarial drug was associated with a longer time until integument damage ... Explain to interested patients that this study suggests that treatment with the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine may help ...

https://www.medpagetoday.com/rheumatology/lupus/18778

In addition, the anti-malarial therapy given and outcomes at the two health facilities were assessed. Of the 500 patients ... One hundred and sixty three (77%) of the 213 patients who had used anti-malarial drugs prior to attending the health facilities ... Forty-three percent of the respondents had taken anti-malarial drugs within two weeks prior to hospital attendance. The most ... Conclusion: Prevalence of inappropriate use of anti-malarials in the community in Ghana is high. There is need for enhanced ...

https://msh.org/journal-tags/antimalarials

A particularly promising feature of these phloeodictines antimalarial action is that, in vitro, it is accompanied by very low ... Other investigations are planned to seek confirmation of these results and find out accurate information on this antimalarial ... These components therefore hold potential as material for the elaboration of antimalarial medicines with new types of structure ... have revealed antimalarial activity among phloeodictines extracted from the reef sponge Oceanapia fistulosa. ...

http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life-sciences/report-31236.html

Chloroquine is thought to exert its antimalarial effect by preventing the polymerization of toxic heme released during proteolysis of hemoglobin in the Plasmodium digestive vacuole. (pnas.org)
The Parasite Reduction Ratio for four standard antimalarials: artemisinin, chloroquine, pyrimethamine and atovaquone. (nih.gov)
Chloroquine and its less toxic alternative, hydroxychloroquine, are widely used antimalarial drugs Since chloroquine was discovered over 85 years ago, it's been studied pretty extensively. (technologyreview.com)
Ferroquine is a derivative of chloroquine with antimalarial properties. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Chloroquine is an antimalarial medication, but there are types of malaria which have developed resistance to it over the years. (westminster.ac.uk)
Chloroquine and related antimalarial drugs concentrate in acid in the digestive vacuole of the parasite in the red cell, bind to toxic hematin released during digestion, and kill the parasite by preventing hematin detoxification to malaria pigment. (westminster.ac.uk)
With the help of a resistance index and comparing the characteristics of chloroquine resistant parasites and parasites that are not resistance to chloroquine, it was possible to pinpoint the extent to which each structure was vulnerable to antimalarial resistance. (westminster.ac.uk)
The paper entitled ' Influence of LAR and VAR on para-aminopyridine antimalarials targeting haematin in chloroquine-resistance ' was published in the Journal PLoS ONE. (westminster.ac.uk)
We incubated cultured parasites with subinhibitory doses of [3H]chloroquine and [3H] quinidine Antimalarial drugs have a variety of targets and mechanisms of chloroquine antimalarial mechanism action. (schule.de)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93: 11865-11870.DJ Sullivan JrIY GluzmanDG RussellDE Goldberg1996On the molecular mechanism of chloroquine's antimalarial action.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A931186511870 Chloroquine (CQ) remains the antimalarial drug most widely used in the world, despite the increasing diffusion of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. (schule.de)
We incubated cultured parasites with subinhibitory doses of [3H]chloroquine and [3H] quinidine Chloroquine is a 4-aminoquinoline with antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and potential chemosensitization and radiosensitization chloroquine antimalarial mechanism activities. (schule.de)
Concomitant with the emergence of chloroquine‐resistant Plasmodium strains and a subsequent decrease in the use as antimalarial drugs, other applications of the analogs have been investigated. (schule.de)
chloroquine antimalarial mechanism liver) forms of the parasite, nor will it prevent vivax or malariae infection when administered as a prophylactic Dec 16, 2019 · Stock solutions of chloroquine phosphate, quinine hydrochloride, artemisinin and each chalcone were prepared by dissolving each compound in DMSO to achieve concentration of 1.00 mg/mL. falciparum. (schule.de)
If chloroquine is shown to be effective against SARS-CoV-2, it will not be via the same mechanism by which the drug functions as an antimalarial. (schule.de)
However, the mechanism of plasmodicidal action of chloroquine is not completely certain 8 days ago · These are both FDA-approved antimalarial drugs that have been in use for many years. (schule.de)
Malaria risk in Argentina, Uruguay and Chile is minimal, and depends on region in Paraguay ( note: Paraguay is one of the few countries where Chloroquine is the specifically recommended antimalarial drug) . (travellerspoint.com)
Recent publications have identified a number of novel quinoline and acridone compounds that appear to either reverse or evade the chloroquine-resistance mechanism in vitro , and which are considered to be promising leads for the development of new antimalarials (Burgess et al . (edu.au)
Quinoline antimalarials containing a dibemethin group are active against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum and inhibit chloroquine transport via the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter. (edu.au)
35 - 37 Increased clinical resistance to this drug has contributed to the need for the development of new antimalarials that are not cross resistant with chloroquine. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Resistance has emerged to all classes of antimalarial drugs except the artemisinins and is responsible for a recent increase in malaria-related mortality, particularly in Africa. (jci.org)
Antimalarial drugs are used for the treatment and prevention of malaria infection. (uptodate.com)
Most antimalarial drugs target the erythrocytic stage of malaria infection, which is the phase of infection that causes symptomatic illness ( figure 1 ). (uptodate.com)
The extent of preerythrocytic (hepatic stage) activity for most antimalarial drugs is not well characterized. (uptodate.com)
The mechanisms of action, resistance, and toxicities of antimalarial drugs will be reviewed here. (uptodate.com)
Fraudulent and substandard antimalarial drugs could be wrecking the chances of winning the war against malaria in Africa, researchers from the Wellcome Trust-Mahosot Hospital-Oxford University Tropical Medicine Research Collaboration reported in the Malaria Journal . (medicalnewstoday.com)
While most of us are aware of the issue of antibiotic resistance , the growing problem of resistance to antimalarial drugs often goes unreported, at least in the developed world. (www.nhs.uk)
The researchers hope that these findings and subsequent research will help us better understand how resistance to antimalarial drugs develops, with the ultimate aim of being able to eliminate the resistant strains of the parasite. (www.nhs.uk)
Some strains of the P. falciparum parasite have evolved resistance to antimalarial drugs such as artemisinin, one of the main drugs used to treat this type of malaria. (www.nhs.uk)
moreover, known antimalarial drugs have repeatedly been observed to elicit resistance in the malaria parasite-including for combination therapies featuring artemisinin, a drug of last resort, where resistance has now been observed in Southeast Asia. (wikipedia.org)
Specifically, antimalarial drugs may be used to treat malaria in three categories of individuals, (i) those with suspected or confirmed infection, (ii) those visiting a malaria-endemic regions who have no immunity, to prevent infection via malaria prophylaxis, and (iii) or in broader groups of individuals, in routine but intermittent preventative treatment in regions where malaria is endemic via intermittent preventive therapy. (wikipedia.org)
The US is fast-tracking antimalarial drugs for use as a treatment against the new coronavirus, President Donald Trump said Thursday, following encouraging early results in France and China. (barrons.com)
We have tested five distinct classes of established and experimental antimalarial drugs for their anticancer potential, using a panel of 91 human cancer lines. (plos.org)
Melbourne researchers are making progress towards new antimalarial drugs, after revealing how an antibiotic called emetine blocks the molecular machinery that produces the proteins required for malaria parasite survival. (eurekalert.org)
The Plasmodium malaria parasite has developed resistance to current antimalarial drugs, making them less effective and new drugs are needed urgently. (eurekalert.org)
Dr Wong said knowledge of emetine and related antibiotics such as pactamycin could be used as the basis for developing new antimalarial drugs. (eurekalert.org)
Knowing exactly how these antibiotics work will enable development of new antimalarial drugs that replicate the active component of these antibiotics while changing the parts that make it toxic to patients," Dr Wong said. (eurekalert.org)
This compound and a series of derivatives have attracted attention because of their potential value as antimalarial drugs. (springer.com)
Pharmacological studies are summarized, including the mechanism of action, interaction of the antimalarial activity with other drugs, possible occurrence of resistance to artemisinin, clinical results, toxicological aspects, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. (springer.com)
Plants as sources of antimalarial drugs. (springer.com)
In certain developing countries, counterfeit medicines are available for almost all diseases, ranging from children' s cough syrup to antimalarial drugs. (reportbuyer.com)
Antimalarial drugs containing 4-aminoquinoline scaffolds are good precursors for hybridization with other antimalarials and metal-based compounds via selected functionalities [ 8 ]. (mdpi.com)
The Design and Synthesis of Antimalarial Agents is a comprehensive yet accessible guide for those involved in the design, development and administration of antimalarial drugs. (researchandmarkets.com)
The book's aim is to support medicinal chemists in their search for improved and novel antimalarial drugs, providing practical guidance on current developments and highlighting promising leads. (researchandmarkets.com)
In addition, it covers the medicinal chemistry of antimalarial agents in detail, with a focus on the design of antimalarial drugs supported by a review of the drug categories that have reached the market, as well as those in the pipeline. (researchandmarkets.com)
Other antimalarial drugs are available. (geosalud.com)
Antimalarial resistance is rife and the parasite inexorably develops mechanisms to outwit our best drugs, including the now first-line choice, artesunate. (mdpi.com)
Presently, several classes of antimalarial drugs are available in market, but the issues of toxicity, lower efficacy and the resistance by malarial parasites have decreased their overall therapeutic indices. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This situation is exacerbated by the increased frequency of parasite resistance to current antimalarial agents and necessitates the development of new drugs to combat this disease P. falciparum possesses a plastid-like organelle, termed the apicoplast, which contains a small, highly reduced 35kb genome encoding tRNA, DNA polymerases and ribosomal proteins. (bl.uk)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announces the availability of fiscal year (FY) 2000 funds for a cooperative agreement program for the Development and Testing of New Antimalarial Drugs. (federalregister.gov)
The purpose of this program is to support research projects to develop and test new antimalarial drugs. (federalregister.gov)
Antimalarial drugs appear to follow a typical pattern, with early effectiveness eventually limited by the emergence of drug resistance. (news-medical.net)
Although antimalarial drugs are often effective, outcomes are worse for those who are drug resistant. (news-medical.net)
The report highlights a funding gap that has resulted in a failure to achieve universal coverage of bed nets, where needed, and an increase in resistance to antimalarial drugs and insecticides. (bioedonline.org)
Paton and colleagues suggest that antimalarial drugs could be incorporated into bed nets alongside insecticides. (bioedonline.org)
The unavailability of the vaccine and the emergence of resistance in the parasite against nearly all existing antimalarial drugs have attracted attention of researchers to modify the existing antimalarial drugs with improved efficacy over older therapies and identify new compounds as appropriate clinical candidate. (intechopen.com)
Although significant treatment milestones have been achieved throughout history to help manage malaria, antimalarial drugs, like all drugs for infectious diseases, have a limited useful life and eventually need replacing. (webwire.com)
Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) is a non-profit organization dedicated to reducing the burden of malaria in disease-endemic countries by discovering, developing and delivering well-tolerated, effective, and affordable antimalarial drugs through effective public-private partnerships. (webwire.com)
Novartis is committed to working towards malaria elimination by researching and developing the next-generation antimalarials, with two new classes of drugs currently in Phase II clinical development. (andhranews.net)
Antimalarial medications are drugs with immunomodulatory and anti- inflammatory effects. (dermnetnz.org)
Antimalarial drugs reduce the production of cytokines that induce an inflammatory response by activating macrophages , dendritic cells , and lymphocytes where they are trapped within cytoplasmic lysosomes ( enzyme -filled organelles that dissolve molecules ) [2]. (dermnetnz.org)
as the species of malaria parasites that occur in a given area, their susceptibility to commonly used or available antimalarial drugs, the distribution and efficiency of mosquito vectors, climate and other environmental conditions and the behaviour and level of acquired immunity of the exposed human populations. (schule.de)
In contrast, no change in sensitivity to other antimalarial drugs with different modes of action was observed. (biotec.or.th)
This research presents a novel drug discovery approach and a new drug candidate that is selective in its target and could be used to enhance the efficacy of existing antimalarial drugs. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
The search for antimalarial drugs, both natural and syn. (springer.com)
Resis- assessment of in vivo drug response in P. tance to antimalarial drugs has been de- falciparum were developed shortly after scribed for 2 of the 4 species of human the first reports of CQ resistance in this malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum species [ 1 ]. (who.int)
Plasmodium falciparum has sequently revised [ 9 ] and have remained developed resistance to nearly all antimalar- basically unchanged since the WHO Scien- ials in current use, although the geographi- tific Group on the Chemotherapy of Malar- cal distribution and prevalence rates of ia and Resistance to Antimalarials in 1972 resistance to individual drugs do vary. (who.int)
Conspicuously, Nigeria will also raise import taxes for antimalarial drugs also terming them as 'luxury goods. (kff.org)
For its part, Nigeria's government, through the health minister, has denied the tariff hike, but a ministry of finance document suggests the additional taxes on antimalarial drugs have been approved by the president since last October. (kff.org)
By hobbling antimalarial drug imports, the policy could inadvertently provide a bigger market for local manufacturers of fake drugs…" (Kazeem, 1/4). (kff.org)

Explain to interested patients that this study suggests that treatment with the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine may help delay the occurrence of permanent lupus-associated damage to the skin, hair, and nails. (medpagetoday.com)
The antimalarial agent hydroxychloroquine(HCQ) have been used widely used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Hydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial drug dubbed a "gift from God" by US President Donald Trump for its potential ability to fight the new coronavirus, was found to be no more effective than standard treatment in a small Chinese study. (rawstory.com)
ORLANDO - Dermatologists should not give up on antimalarials if hydroxychloroquine does not work for a patient with cutaneous lupus erythematosus , according to Anthony Fernandez, MD, PhD, director of medical and inpatient dermatology at the Cleveland Clinic. (mdedge.com)

Scientists specialized in natural substances, investigating the chemical structure and properties of the phloeodictines as part of the French malaria control research programme Pal +, have revealed antimalarial activity among phloeodictines extracted from the reef sponge Oceanapia fistulosa. (innovations-report.com)

The deadliest complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection is cerebral malaria (CM), with a case fatality rate of 15 to 25% in African children despite effective antimalarial chemotherapy. (malariaworld.org)
The largest genome-wide association study to date of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum unveils a complex genetic architecture that enables the parasite to develop resistance to our most effective antimalarial drug, artemisinin. (science20.com)
Antimalarial drug resistance developed in Plasmodium falciparum has become a problem for malaria control. (asm.org)
Plasmodium falciparum parasites harbouring a transgenic insertion of the glmS ribozyme downstream of the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) gene were used for chemogenomic profiling of antimalarial compounds to identify those which target DHFR-TS. (biotec.or.th)
When exposed to antimalarial compounds, the malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium falciparum can over time develop resistance to different therapies and via a number of distinct mechanisms ( Mita and Tanabe, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)

if used, monitor closely for antimalarial efficacy and lumefantrine toxicity. (medscape.com)
To assess the short-term efficacy and toxicity of antimalarials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (cochrane.org)
Antimalarial agents can treat certain photosensitive eruptions, including those of solar urticaria, but their efficacy is unpredictable. (medscape.com)
Antimalarials are used to treat certain photosensitive eruptions, including solar urticaria, but their efficacy is unpredictable. (medscape.com)

The increased effect of adding the antimalarial drug to insecticide-treated nets is most striking in the authors' models when bed-net usage is 70-100%, underscoring the need to strive for high levels of net usage even if the compounds used to treat the nets change in the future. (bioedonline.org)
These data show that the glmS ribozyme reverse genetic tool can be applied for identifying primary targets of antimalarial compounds in human and rodent malaria parasites. (biotec.or.th)
Identifying antimalarial compounds targeting dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) by chemogenomic profiling. (biotec.or.th)
The nine novel and correctly predicted synergistic compound combinations mainly (where sufficient bioactivity information is available) consist of efflux or transporter inhibitors (such as hydroxyzine), combined with compounds exhibiting antimalarial activity alone (such as sorafenib, apicidin, or dihydroergotamine). (frontiersin.org)
The magnitude of the effort is reflected by the fact that, in the last 15 years, well over 250000 compounds have been screened for antimalarial activity in just one programme, that carried out under the auspices of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, not to mention sporadic studies undertaken by other research workers and organisations. (springer.com)
The findings also suggest that wielding a broader selection of compounds in the search for antimalarials may yield new drug targets. (medicalxpress.com)
These compounds represent a novel antimalarial scaffold, and a potential starting point for the development new inhibitors. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

According to the New York Times FDA is advising the public about neurologic and psychiatric side effects associated with the antimalarial drug mefloquine hydrochloride. (digitaljournal.com)

With the new breakthrough the scientists have utilized nanotechnology in order to improve the delivery of an existing antimalarial drug called atovaquone. (digitaljournal.com)
if you cannot tolerate atovaquone/proguanil, see your health care provider for a different antimalarial drug. (geosalud.com)
The authors found that the antimalarial drug atovaquone, which inhibits the mitochondrial protein cytochrome b - as well as other types of cytochrome b inhibitor drug - could kill parasites in a mosquito host. (bioedonline.org)

Several factors influence the emergence and spread of drug resistant malaria parasites, including the number of parasites exposed to a drug, the drug concentration to which the parasites are exposed, and the simultaneous presence of other antimalarials in the blood to which the parasite is not resistant. (who.int)
Expanding the antimalarial toolkit: Targeting host-parasite interactions. (nih.gov)
Cluster analysis of the antimalarials based on their differential inhibition of the various cancer lines clearly segregated the synthetic peroxides OZ277 and OZ439 from the artemisinin cluster that included artesunate, dihydroartemisinin and artemisone, and from the DHFR inhibitors pyrimethamine and P218 (a parasite DHFR inhibitor), emphasizing their shared mode of action. (plos.org)
However, the work of Walter and Eliza Hall Institute researchers Dr Wilson Wong, Dr Jake Baum and colleagues in showing how emetine attaches to and blocks the molecular machinery that makes the proteins required for malaria parasite survival has revealed new approaches for antimalarial drug development. (eurekalert.org)
One particularly exciting aspect of this discovery is this new molecule' s ability to rapidly kill off all traces of the parasite, acting at least as fast as the best currently available antimalarial drug, ' said Dr Fuchter. (reportbuyer.com)
This review focuses on the potential for therapeutics that exploit host-parasite interactions as a strategy to develop new antimalarials, highlighting recent discoveries that illustrate this approach. (rupress.org)
This enzyme target is also important for parasite resistance to a current front-line antimalarial drug, called artimisinin. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

Severe malaria should be treated with intravenous (IV) antimalarial medications. (cdc.gov)
Packaging materials for counterfeit antimalarial medications have been confiscated in Nigeria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Antimalarial medications or simply antimalarials are a type of antiparasitic chemical agent, often naturally derived, that can be used to treat or to prevent malaria, in the latter case, most often aiming at two susceptible target groups, young children and pregnant women. (wikipedia.org)
Slowly tapering off - or remaining on - antimalarial medications can help prevent disease flare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who've achieved clinical remission for at least a year, according to a new study that was presented at the virtual annual meeting of the American College of Rheumatology. (medscape.com)
To investigate flare in patients with SLE who were on or recently off antimalarial medications (AMs), the researchers identified 1,573 potential participants from a long-term observational cohort study at the university's lupus clinic. (medscape.com)
Treatment includes antimalarial , antiseizure and anti inflammatory medications. (reportbuyer.com)
Under the terms of the agreement, MMV will provide funding in order to advance the development of azithromycin-based treatments that may address resistance and side effects associated with existing antimalarial medications. (webwire.com)
What are antimalarial medications? (dermnetnz.org)
How do antimalarial medications work? (dermnetnz.org)
Antimalarial medications prevent platelet aggregation and act as prostaglandin antagonists due to inhibition of phospholipase A2 [3]. (dermnetnz.org)

B. orellona seed extracts showed moderate in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity. (greenmedinfo.com)
Other investigations are planned to seek confirmation of these results and find out accurate information on this antimalarial activity in vivo, using infected rodent models, and to attempt to unravel phloeodictines' action mechanism. (innovations-report.com)
2016) " Metabolite identification of the antimalarial piperaquine in vivo using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry in combination with multiple data-mining tools in tandem ," doi: 10.1002/bmc.3689. (thermofisher.com)

In areas of low transmission where antimalarial drug resistance is present, countries should target rapid elimination of falciparum malaria to limit the risk of spread and minimize the impact of resistance in the region. (who.int)
The derivatives carrying 4 atoms linker with a terminal carboxyl substituted on the aromatic ring exhibited good inhibition to the QM enzyme and also showed effective antimalarial activities against resistant P. falciparum bearing the mutant enzymes with relatively low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. (malariaworld.org)

Artemisinin derivatives are the best antimalarials, experts say. (medicalnewstoday.com)
China Cooperative Research Group on Qinghaosu and Its Derivatives as Antimalarials. (springer.com)
Ferroquine and its derivatives: new generation of antimalarial agents. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Not only ferroquine, but also its derivatives have shown promising potential as antimalarials of clinical interest. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Presently, much research is dedicated to the development of ferroquine derivatives as safe alternatives to antimalarial chemotherapy. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Another example is in the synthesis of antimalarials as aminoalkylamino derivatives of 2,3-dihydrofuroquinolines The Gould reaction is also used to convert 5-aminoindole to quinolines for the purpose of synthesizing pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinolin-3-one derivatives as modified pyrazoloquinolinone analogs. (wikipedia.org)

Novartis continues to invest in research and development for next-generation antimalarials to combat the threat of artemisinin resistance. (africanews.com)

Earlier this month, Indian regulatory authorities granted conditional approval to the country's first homegrown drug, a malaria-fighting pill that combines a new synthetic form of artemisinin with an older antimalarial compound called piperaquine. (nature.com)
2006) " Characterization of human urinary metabolites of the antimalarial piperaquine ," Drug Metabolism and Disposition 34(12) (pp. 2011-2019). (thermofisher.com)

Antimalarials, which have a broad array of anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antithrombotic effects, now are recommended for all patients with lupus and have demonstrated benefits in reducing disease flares and improving survival, the authors wrote. (medpagetoday.com)

By deploying different antimalarial therapies simultaneously - including non-artemisinin-based therapies - national malaria control programs in Africa should be able to slow down the spread of artemisinin-resistant parasites when they are imported into the continent. (eurekalert.org)

Structures of clinical antimalarials for asexual blood stages. (nih.gov)
Structures of clinical antimalarials for vivax radical cure. (nih.gov)
This led the World Health Organization (WHO) to recommend a package of affordable interventions including the use of the insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), the intermittent presumptive treatment (IPT) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), and the effective case management of clinical malaria with recommended antimalarials. (hindawi.com)
Despite their established clinical utility, the mode of action for antimalarials remains uncertain despite recent advances and still requires further investigation. (nih.gov)
By better understanding how antimalarials function, their optimal use in the clinical setting can be ensured. (nih.gov)
Fortunately, there is hope on the horizon because there are several new antimalarial drug candidates undergoing clinical testing as well as other promising drug targets that are under investigation. (lightsource.ca)

To investigate whether antimalarials decrease the risk of cancer in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (bmj.com)

Except in the setting of toxicity, cessation of antimalarial medication in patients with disease quiescence is feasible using a slow taper," lead author Danaë Papachristos, MBBS , said during an oral abstract presentation at the online meeting. (medscape.com)

Recently, by using a bioassay-guided fractionation, an antimalarial compound, Gancidin-W, has been discovered from these bacteria. (hindawi.com)
Of these, four (M1-M4) are major metabolites resulting from N-oxidation and/or carboxylation of the antimalarial compound. (thermofisher.com)

The researchers measured certain properties of several antimalarial chemical structures called 4-aminoquinoline analogues, including their so-called log P and pKa values. (westminster.ac.uk)

But the nightmare we all want to avoid is the establishment of artemisinin resistance in Africa, where hundreds of millions of individuals rely on artemisinin-based therapies as their first-line antimalarial treatment. (eurekalert.org)

Scientists have shown that the anticancer properties of artemisinin, an antimalarial drug that is also a promising alternative cancer treatment, could be enhanced potentially tenfold when used with the photosensitizer aminolaevulinic acid (ALA). When exposed to light, ALA leads to the generation of free radicals that can kill cells. (photonics.com)

In areas where the recommended antimalarial treatments remain fully efficacious, correct medicine use must be promoted, with special attention to expanding diagnostic testing, quality-assured treatment, and good patient adherence to the prescribed treatment. (who.int)
Existing antimalarial treatments have been an important component of public health and have saved millions of lives. (webwire.com)
Basel, December 9, 2015 - Novartis announced today that it has reached a delivery milestone of 300 million pediatric antimalarial treatments supplied without profit since 2009, helping to reduce the disease burden for children in more than 30 malaria-endemic countries. (andhranews.net)

Antimalarials have been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for several decades. (cochrane.org)
The drug possesses antimalarial actions and exerts a beneficial effect in lupus erythematosus (chronic discoid or systemic) and acute or chronic rheumatoid arthritis. (schule.de)

How do antimalarials and protease inhibitors (PIs) interact? (medscape.com)
6 - 8 Significant effort has been directed towards developing inhibitors of these proteases to discover new antimalarials. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
We sought to determine whether antimalarial activity of these inhibitors was due to cysteine protease inhibition. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Finally, the synthesis of different classes of antimalarial agents is reviewed, including a discussion on chemical and process development. (researchandmarkets.com)
In this chapter, we will provide an integrated overview on the challenges and opportunities in malaria drug discovery with more emphasis on synthesis of peroxidic antimalarials. (intechopen.com)
Mimicking the intramolecular hydrogen Bond: synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of benzoxazines and quinazolines as potential antimalarial agents. (edu.au)

The researchers set out to determine how prevalent counterfeit and substandard antimalarials were in Africa. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A new book by researchers at the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Common Antimalarial Trees and Shrubs of East Africa, provides a detailed assessment of 22 of the region's malaria-fighting trees and shrubs. (biologynews.net)
According to researchers, not all species of antimalarial trees are at risk, particularly those that grow wild in lowland and coastal areas. (biologynews.net)

A. muricata aqueous leaf extract exerted significant antimalarial activity with no toxicity and prolonged survival time. (greenmedinfo.com)

Neem has antimalarial and anti-HIV activity. (greenmedinfo.com)
Antimalarial activity of nepodin isolated from Rumex crispus. (greenmedinfo.com)
The current paper reviews concepts of metabolomics and its application in drug discovery of malaria treatment as well as assessing the antimalarial activity from natural products. (hindawi.com)
Research carried out by Dr Saki Raheem from the Department of Life Sciences at the University of Westminster and Professor David Warhurst from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine makes an interesting and valuable contribution to our understanding of structure-activity relationships with respect to resistance in 4-aminoquinoline antimalarials, having published vital insights about drug design. (westminster.ac.uk)
In addition, the thiosemicarbazones have been reported to have antimalarial activity 19 , 23 - 26 , though they may act through alternative targets. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Drug resistance has led to the combination of quinolines with other classes of antimalarials resulting in enhanced therapeutic outcomes. (mdpi.com)

Thus, the search for new promising antimalarials continues, however, the battle against malaria is far from over. (sigmaaldrich.com)
A never-ending search for more potent and less toxic antimalarials has continued and will undoubtedly do so until this scourge is no longer of importance. (ku.edu)

With the unavailability of an FDA-approved intravenous antimalarial, this IND for IV artesunate allows an effective antimalarial to be available through CDC for treatment of severe malaria in the United States. (cdc.gov)
As such, the needs for new antimalarial agents and new strategies of treatment (e.g., new combination therapies) remain important priorities in tropical medicine. (wikipedia.org)
This provides rapid access to critical information associated with resistance to antimalarials at the point of care, avoiding the time, expense, and effort of having the sample sent to a central laboratory and allowing clinicians to quickly re-evaluate treatment options. (news-medical.net)
Novartis announced today that it has delivered one billion courses of antimalarial treatment since 1999. (africanews.com)
Research will focus on macrolide antibiotics, based on azithromycin, which may have promise as an antimalarial treatment. (webwire.com)
Age at diagnosis, gender, treatment with azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and methotrexate, smoking, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Damage Index 6 months after diagnosis, year of diagnosis and treatment with antimalarials were entered as independent variables. (bmj.com)

antimalarials also help to prevent lupus flares and have been associated with reduced morbidity and mortality in SLE patients followed in observational trials. (medscape.com)

It is practical to consider antimalarials by chemical structure since this is associated with important properties of each drug, such as mechanism of action. (wikipedia.org)
It is a prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. (schule.de)
Whereas antimalarials have been in use to treat rheumatic disease for over 50 years, their exact mechanism of action remains unclear. (nih.gov)

Resistance to antimalarial medicines is a threat to global efforts to control and eliminate malaria. (who.int)
The enormous investment in the development, evaluation and deployment of antimalarials is wasted if the medicines that patients actually take are, due to criminality or carelessness, of poor quality and do not cure. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These components therefore hold potential as material for the elaboration of antimalarial medicines with new types of structure. (innovations-report.com)

But the potential impact of increasing antimalarial resistance could be devastating. (www.nhs.uk)
A team of scientists from the University of Cape Town's (UCT) Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3-D) in South Africa, led by Prof. Kelly Chibale then scrutinised and explored the antimalarial potential of the series further. (innovations-report.com)
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the potential side-effects of artemether / lumefantrine and other antimalarials on the auditory function. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The potential role for antimalarials in antiphospholipid syndrome also appears clearer, with an effect proposed through Annexin5 binding. (nih.gov)

NUS scientists discovered that a combination of artemisinin, which is a potent antimalarial drug, and aminolaevulinic acid, which is a photosensitizer, could kill colorectal cancer cells and suppress tumor growth more effectively than administering artemisinin alone. (photonics.com)

Quinacrine "is an underutilized antimalarial. (mdedge.com)

But a fourth combo drug - a newer antimalarial that combines chlorproguanil, dapsone and artesunate - proved only around 85% effective, and was removed from the study after its maker, London-based GlaxoSmithKline, pulled it from the market in 2008 because of adverse effects. (nature.com)

Oral lichenoid reactions during antimalarial prophylaxis with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine combination" Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health Vol. 20 Iss. (bepress.com)

Antimalarial agents may work through numerous proposed mechanisms in SLE, mediating subtle immunomodulation without causing overt immunosuppression. (medscape.com)

Qinghaosu Antimalarial Coordinating Research Group. (springer.com)
New research published in Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology , "Stable Production of the Antimalarial Drug Artemisinin in the Moss Physcomitrella patens ", demonstrates that artemisinin can be rapidly produced by genetically engineered moss at an industrial scale. (news-medical.net)
Research released in anticipation of World Malaria Day finds that plants in East Africa with promising antimalarial qualities-ones that have treated malaria symptoms in the region's communities for hundreds of years-are at risk of extinction. (biologynews.net)
This collaboration with GSK capitalizes on the company s research excellence and helps meet MMV s objective of developing antimalarials that will retain their usefulness longer and enable us to help vulnerable populations at risk from malaria. (webwire.com)

The U.S. FDA has issued a warning to patients and healthcare professionals about an antimalarial drug due to serious psychiatric and nerve side effects. (digitaljournal.com)
Kaplan-Meier cancer-free survival curves for patients treated and not treated with antimalarials were compared. (bmj.com)
156 (66%) patients had ever received antimalarials. (bmj.com)
This study launches the hypothesis of a protective action of antimalarials against cancer in patients with SLE. (bmj.com)

Finally, efforts have been made to discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of ferroquine-based antimalarial drug development. (sigmaaldrich.com)
suggest a way forward for the development of next-generation antimalarial bed nets. (bioedonline.org)

Whereas the classical explanation was an impairment of phago/lysosomal function, antimalarials also appear to have an impact through inhibition of intracellular toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR9. (nih.gov)

Anatomy2

Organisms8

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Health Care4

Geographicals9

Malaria prophylaxis using azithromycin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. (1/4748)

8-Aminoquinolines active against blood stage Plasmodium falciparum in vitro inhibit hematin polymerization. (2/4748)

Alternative oxidase inhibitors potentiate the activity of atovaquone against Plasmodium falciparum. (3/4748)

Declining concentrations of dihydroartemisinin in plasma during 5-day oral treatment with artesunate for Falciparum malaria. (4/4748)

Comparison of in vivo and in vitro tests of resistance in patients treated with chloroquine in Yaounde, Cameroon. (5/4748)

Intrinsic efficacy of proguanil against falciparum and vivax malaria independent of the metabolite cycloguanil. (6/4748)

A randomized, double-blind, comparative trial of a new oral combination of artemether and benflumetol (CGP 56697) with mefloquine in the treatment of acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Thailand. (7/4748)

The pharmacokinetics of artemisinin after administration of two different suppositories to healthy Vietnamese subjects. (8/4748)

Antimalarials

Artemisinins

Chloroquine

Plasmodium falciparum

Parasitic Sensitivity Tests

Mefloquine

Malaria

Quinine

Malaria, Falciparum

Sesquiterpenes

Drug Resistance

Fluorenes

Sulfadoxine

Pyrimethamine

Plasmodium cynomolgi

Phenanthrenes

Plasmodium

Tetraoxanes

Drug Combinations

Proguanil

Amodiaquine

Parasitemia

Self Medication

Tanzania

Plasmodium berghei

Quinolines

Ethanolamines

Trophozoites

Blackwater Fever

Spiro Compounds

Dosage Forms

Peroxides

Primaquine

Inhibitory Concentration 50

Protozoan Proteins

Hydroxychloroquine

Atovaquone

Dapsone

Erythrocytes

Hemeproteins

Drug Discovery

Asia, Southeastern

Folic Acid Antagonists

Fever

Drug Evaluation, Preclinical

Cambodia

Parasites

Case Management

Drug Therapy, Combination

Nigeria

Sudan

Kenya

Uganda

Aminoquinolines

Malaria, Vivax

Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic

Plasmodium vivax

Naphthyridines

Tablets

Life Cycle Stages

Thailand

Drug Resistance, Multiple

Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase

Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic

Heme

Molecular Structure

Membrane Transport Proteins

Health Policy

Africa

Structure-Activity Relationship

Hemoglobins

Drug Design

DNA, Protozoan

Drug Interactions

Cross-Sectional Studies

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Treatment Outcome

Malaria prophylaxis using azithromycin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. (1/4748)

8-Aminoquinolines active against blood stage Plasmodium falciparum in vitro inhibit hematin polymerization. (2/4748)

Alternative oxidase inhibitors potentiate the activity of atovaquone against Plasmodium falciparum. (3/4748)