Serum containing GAMMA-GLOBULINS which are antibodies for lymphocyte ANTIGENS. It is used both as a test for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY and therapeutically in TRANSPLANTATION.
Surgical removal of the thymus gland. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Deliberate prevention or diminution of the host's immune response. It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs.
An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.
Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.
A general term for the complex phenomena involved in allo- and xenograft rejection by a host and graft vs host reaction. Although the reactions involved in transplantation immunology are primarily thymus-dependent phenomena of cellular immunity, humoral factors also play a part in late rejection.
Stable chromium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element chromium, but differ in atomic weight. Cr-50, 53, and 54 are stable chromium isotopes.
The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.
Stable iodine atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iodine, but differ in atomic weight. I-127 is the only naturally occurring stable iodine isotope.
The major component of hemoglobin in the fetus. This HEMOGLOBIN has two alpha and two gamma polypeptide subunits in comparison to normal adult hemoglobin, which has two alpha and two beta polypeptide subunits. Fetal hemoglobin concentrations can be elevated (usually above 0.5%) in children and adults affected by LEUKEMIA and several types of ANEMIA.
Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.
Bone marrow diseases, also known as hematologic or blood disorders, refer to conditions that affect the production and function of blood cells within the bone marrow, such as leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and aplastic anemia, potentially leading to complications like anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased susceptibility to infections or bleeding.
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.
The production of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES). In humans, erythrocytes are produced by the YOLK SAC in the first trimester; by the liver in the second trimester; by the BONE MARROW in the third trimester and after birth. In normal individuals, the erythrocyte count in the peripheral blood remains relatively constant implying a balance between the rate of erythrocyte production and rate of destruction.
Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).
The administrative procedures involved with acquiring TISSUES or organs for TRANSPLANTATION through various programs, systems, or organizations. These procedures include obtaining consent from TISSUE DONORS and arranging for transportation of donated tissues and organs, after TISSUE HARVESTING, to HOSPITALS for processing and transplantation.
Individuals supplying living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.
Transference of an organ between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species.
Government required written and driving test given to individuals prior to obtaining an operator's license.
A method of differentiating individuals based on the analysis of qualitative or quantitative biological traits or patterns. This process which has applications in forensics and identity theft prevention includes DNA profiles or DNA fingerprints, hand fingerprints, automated facial recognition, iris scan, hand geometry, retinal scan, vascular patterns, automated voice pattern recognition, and ultrasound of fingers.
The principles of professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of the physician, relations with patients and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the physician in patient care and interpersonal relations with patient families.
The identification, analysis, and resolution of moral problems that arise in the care of patients. (Bioethics Thesaurus)

Immunological control of a murine gammaherpesvirus independent of CD8+ T cells. (1/1079)

Adult thymectomized C57 BL/6J mice were depleted of T cell subsets by MAb treatment either prior to, or after, respiratory challenge with murine gammaherpesvirus-68. Protection against acute infection was maintained when either the CD4+ or the CD8+ T cell population was greatly diminished, whereas the concurrent removal of both T cell subsets proved invariably fatal. The same depletions had little effect on mice with established infection. The results indicate firstly that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play a significant part in dealing with the acute infection, and secondly that virus-specific antibody contributes to controlling persistent infection with this gammaherpesvirus.  (+info)

Long-term results of pancreas transplantation under tacrolius immunosuppression. (2/1079)

BACKGROUND: The long-term safety and efficacy of tacrolimus in pancreas transplantation has not yet been demonstrated. The observation of prolonged pancreatic graft function under tacrolimus would indicate that any potential islet toxicity is short-lived and clinically insignificant. We report herein the results of pancreas transplantation in patients receiving primary tacrolimus immunosuppression for a minimum of 2 years. METHODS: From July 4, 1994 until April 18, 1996, 60 patients received either simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (n=55), pancreas transplant only (n=4), or pancreas after kidney transplantation (n=1). Baseline immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus and steroids without antilymphocyte induction. Azathioprine was used as a third agent in 51 patients and mycophenolate mofetil in 9. Rejection episodes within the first 6 months occurred in 48 (80%) patients and were treated with high-dose corticosteroids. Antilymphocyte antibody was required in eight (13%) patients with steroid-resistant rejection. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 35.1+/-5.9 months (range: 24.3-45.7 months), 6-month and 1-, 2-, and 33-year graft survival is 88%, 82%, 80%, and 80% (pancreas) and 98%, 96%, 93%, and 91% (kidney), respectively. Six-month and 1-, 2-, and 3-year patient survival is 100%, 98%, 98%, and 96.5%. Mean fasting glucose is 91.6+/-13.8 mg/dl, and mean glycosylated hemoglobin is 5.1+/-0.7% (normal range: 4.3-6.1%). Mean tacrolimus dose is 6.5+/-2.6 mg/day and mean prednisone dose 2.0+/-2.9 mg/day at follow-up. Complete steroid withdrawal was possible in 31 (65%) of the 48 patients with functioning pancreases. CONCLUSIONS: These data show for the first time that tacrolimus is a safe and effective long-term primary agent in pancreas transplantation and provides excellent long-term islet function without evidence of toxicity while permitting steroid withdrawal in the majority of patients.  (+info)

Prospective randomized multicenter study comparing cyclosporin alone versus the combination of antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin for treatment of patients with nonsevere aplastic anemia: a report from the European Blood and Marrow Transplant (EBMT) Severe Aplastic Anaemia Working Party. (3/1079)

We report the results of the first prospective randomized multicenter study of immunosuppressive treatment in patients with previously untreated nonsevere aplastic anemia (AA) as defined by a neutrophil count of at least 0.5 x 10(9)/L and transfusion dependence. Patients were randomized to receive cyclosporin (CSA) alone or the combination of horse antithymocyte globulin ([ATG] Lymphoglobuline; Merieux, Lyon, France) and CSA. The endpoint of the study was the hematologic response at 6 months. One hundred fifteen patients were randomized and assessable with a median follow-up period of 36 months; 61 received CSA and 54 ATG and CSA. In the CSA group, the percentage of complete and partial responders was 23% and 23%, respectively, for an overall response rate of 46%. A significantly higher overall response rate of 74% was found in the ATG and CSA group, with 57% complete and 17% partial responders (P =. 02). Compared with CSA alone, the combination of ATG and CSA resulted in a significantly higher median hemoglobin level and platelet count at 6 months. Fewer patients required a second course of treatment before 6 months due to a nonresponse. In the CSA group, 15 of 61 (25%) patients required a course of ATG before 6 months because of disease progression, compared with only 3 of 54 (6%) in the ATG and CSA group. The survival probabilities for the two groups were comparable, 93% (CSA group) and 91% (ATG and CSA group), but at 180 days, the prevalence of patients surviving free of transfusions, which excluded patients requiring second treatment because of nonresponse, death, disease progression, or relapse, was 67% in the CSA group and 90% in the ATG and CSA group (P =.001). We conclude that the combination of ATG and CSA is superior to CSA alone in terms of the hematologic response, the quality of response, and early mortality, and a second course of immunosuppression is less frequently required.  (+info)

Characterization of T-cell repertoire of the bone marrow in immune-mediated aplastic anemia: evidence for the involvement of antigen-driven T-cell response in cyclosporine-dependent aplastic anemia. (4/1079)

To determine whether the antigen-driven T-cell response is involved in the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia (AA), we examined the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) size distribution of T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain (BV) subfamilies in the bone marrow (BM) of untreated AA patients. AA patients who did not respond to immunosuppressive therapy and those who obtained unmaintained remission early after cyclosporine (CyA) or antithymocyte globulin (ATG) therapy exhibited essentially a normal CDR3 size pattern. In contrast, five patients who needed continuous administration of CyA to maintain remission exhibited a skewed CDR3 size pattern in a number (>40%) of BV subfamilies suggestive of clonal predominance. The skewing of CDR3 size distribution became less pronounced in one of the CyA-dependent patients when the patient achieved unmaintained remission after a 4-year therapy with CyA, whereas it persisted longer than 7 years in the other patient requiring maintenance therapy. Sequencing of BV15 cDNA for which the CDR3 size pattern exhibited apparent clonal predominance in all CyA-dependent patients showed high homology of the amino acid sequence of the CDR3 between two different patients. These findings indicate that antigen-driven expansion of T cells is involved in the pathogenesis of AA characterized by CyA-dependent recovery of hematopoiesis.  (+info)

Late graft failure 8 years after first bone marrow transplantation for severe acquired aplastic anemia. (5/1079)

A 14-year-old patient with acquired very severe aplastic anemia (VSAA) underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from his HLA-identical brother. Preparative therapy was cyclophosphamide (CY) 200 mg/kg over 4 days. GVHD prophylaxis was with cyclosporin A (CsA) for a year. After an 8 year follow-up during which the patient was well with normal blood counts, graft failure occurred. At this time marrow chimerism studies demonstrated that 85% of hemopoiesis was of recipient origin. The patient was re-engrafted from the same donor after conditioning with CY 200 mg/kg over 4 days plus rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) 3.5 mg/kg/day for 3 days. After 140 days follow-up he has a normal blood count. The possible causes of the graft failure are discussed. This case demonstrates that, although rarely, very late graft failure may occur after BMT for AA and highlights the need for long-term monitoring even in apparently successfully transplanted patients.  (+info)

Monitoring anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) in bone marrow recipients. (6/1079)

The present study was undertaken to acquire a rationale for clinical dose adjustment of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) to improve cost effectiveness and safety of graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. The concentration of rabbit ATG in the serum of 12 patients was measured by ELISA and by the inhibitory effect on phytohaemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis. At 10 mg/ml ATG, 3H-thymidine incorporation was effectively blocked. Serial two-fold dilution of ATG showed that this effect decreased in a concentration-dependent manner and was lost at 10 ng/ml ATG. One hundred microlitres serum taken at day -1 to +22 post transplant effected significant inhibition of the phytohaemagglutinin-response with 49+/-12% c.p.m. (x +/- s.d.) on day +1 post transplant compared to 93+/-13% c.p.m. on day -1 (P<0.001, unpaired one-sided t-test). The rabbit-IgG was maximal at a concentration of 907+/-187 microl/ml at day 0. Subsequently, it decreased with time. While rabbit-IgG was detectable for a long period (e.g. 160 microg/ml at day +22 in patient MD), the effect on the phytohaemagglutinin-response of normal mononuclear cells lasted up to 4 days post transplant. We conclude that 90 mg/kg body weight ATG-Fresenius given prior to marrow transplant leads to sustained T cell immunosuppression post transplant.  (+info)

Use of a five-agent GVHD prevention regimen in recipients of unrelated donor marrow. (7/1079)

A five-agent GVHD prophylaxis programme consisting of cyclosporin A, methotrexate, anti-thymocyte-globulin, pentaglobin and metronidazol was given to 48 recipients of unrelated donor marrow with chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and familiar lymphocytic hemophagocytosis of an average age of 33.5 (0.6-56) years. GVHD grades II-IV occurred in 18 patients (39%) and grades III-IV in five patients (11%). Chronic GVHD developed in nine patients (23%), three limited and six extensive. Fifteen patients died. Clinical relapse was detected in eight patients. Four patients died as a consequence of the underlying disease and subsequent treatment, 11 patients died of transplant-related causes. After a median follow-up of 19 months, the overall and disease-free survival are 67% and 62%, respectively. Survival by age is as follows: 0-19 years: 12/13 patients; 20-39 years: 14/25 patients; 40-59 years: 7/10 patients. The five-agent GVHD prophylaxis regimen is effective. Matched-unrelated donor transplants can be carried out safely in patients younger than 50 years of age. The results in patients younger than 20 years of age should encourage matched-unrelated donor transplants at earlier stages of the disease.  (+info)

L-Arginine supplementation increases mesangial cell injury and subsequent tissue fibrosis in experimental glomerulonephritis. (8/1079)

BACKGROUND: Mesangial cell lysis in the antithymocyte serum (ATS)-induced model of glomerulonephritis is dependent on the generation of cytotoxic nitric oxide (NO) through transient induction of NO synthase (iNOS). We hypothesized that increased availability of L-arginine (L-Arg) during mesangial cell lysis might provide iNOS with increased substrate leading to increased lysis, and that this increased lysis would be reflected in more severe fibrotic disease at day 6. METHODS: To ensure whole body equilibration with high L-Arg at the time of injury, rats were pretreated with 1% L-Arg in drinking water for one week prior to the administration of ATS. Animals were sacrificed six hours after ATS injection when previous experiments had indicated iNOS induction had occurred and at six days. At six hours, plasma was obtained for L-Arg levels and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) content. Renal tissues were taken for histological evaluation of glomerular cell counts, macrophage infiltration (ED-1), and iNOS expression. Glomeruli were isolated for detection of iNOS mRNA and placed in culture to study the dependence of NO production on L-Arg concentration. In rats sacrificed at six days, L-Arg supplementation was stopped 16 hours after ATS injection. Fibrotic disease was evaluated by urinary protein excretion, histological assessment of glomerular cell number, matrix accumulation, and production of transforming growth factor-beta1 and matrix components fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) by isolated glomeruli in culture. RESULTS: At six hours, the glomerular cell number was significantly reduced by ATS injection (P < 0.01) and further significantly (P < 0. 05) reduced by L-Arg feeding [normal control (NC) = 64.2 +/- 1, ATS = 53.4 +/- 0.7, ATS + L-Arg = 50.8 +/- 0.7]. Disease increased macrophage infiltration and iNOS protein and iNOS mRNA levels markedly (P < 0.01), whereas L-Arg feeding did not further increase these variables. Plasma L-Arg levels (nmol/ml) were reduced by disease (NC = 121 +/- 9, ATS = 84 +/- 13, P < 0.01) and elevated by L-Arg feeding (ATS + L-Arg = 166 +/- 12, P < 0.01). Plasma NOx was significantly increased by ATS and further increased by ATS + L-Arg (P < 0.05). Production of NOx by cultured glomeruli showed striking L-Arg concentration dependence in six hours but not in normal glomeruli. In the group sacrificed at day 6, day 2 proteinuria was higher in the ATS + L-Arg group compared with the ATS alone group (P < 0.05). Measures of fibrotic disease at day 6 all showed large increases over control with ATS alone (P < 0.01), and further small, but significant increases when L-Arg was combined with ATS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that if given during disease induction, L-Arg supplementation can enhance iNOS-dependent tissue injury by providing increased substrate. Although the increase in injury with L-Arg supplementation was small, it led to increased fibrosis at day 6. These data predict that in diseases with repeated iNOS-dependent tissue injury, L-Arg supplementation may produce cumulative increases in tissue fibrosis.  (+info)

Antilymphocyte serum (ALS) is a type of immune serum that contains antibodies against human lymphocytes. It is produced by immunizing animals, such as horses or rabbits, with human lymphocytes to stimulate an immune response and the production of anti-lymphocyte antibodies. The resulting serum is then collected and can be used as a therapeutic agent to suppress the activity of the immune system in certain medical conditions.

ALS is primarily used in the treatment of transplant rejection, particularly in organ transplantation, where it helps to prevent the recipient's immune system from attacking and rejecting the transplanted organ. It can also be used in the management of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, to suppress the overactive immune response that contributes to these conditions.

It is important to note that the use of ALS carries a risk of side effects, including allergic reactions, fever, and decreased white blood cell counts. Close monitoring and appropriate management of these potential adverse events are essential during treatment with ALS.

Thymectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the thymus gland. The thymus gland is a part of the immune system located in the upper chest, behind the sternum (breastbone), and above the heart. It is responsible for producing white blood cells called T-lymphocytes, which help fight infections.

Thymectomy is often performed as a treatment option for patients with certain medical conditions, such as:

* Myasthenia gravis: an autoimmune disorder that causes muscle weakness and fatigue. In some cases, the thymus gland may contain abnormal cells that contribute to the development of myasthenia gravis. Removing the thymus gland can help improve symptoms in some patients with this condition.
* Thymomas: tumors that develop in the thymus gland. While most thymomas are benign (non-cancerous), some can be malignant (cancerous) and may require surgical removal.
* Myasthenic syndrome: a group of disorders characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue, similar to myasthenia gravis. In some cases, the thymus gland may be abnormal and contribute to the development of these conditions. Removing the thymus gland can help improve symptoms in some patients.

Thymectomy can be performed using various surgical approaches, including open surgery (through a large incision in the chest), video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS, using small incisions and a camera to guide the procedure), or robotic-assisted surgery (using a robot to perform the procedure through small incisions). The choice of surgical approach depends on several factors, including the size and location of the thymus gland, the patient's overall health, and the surgeon's expertise.

Immunosuppression is a state in which the immune system's ability to mount an immune response is reduced, compromised or inhibited. This can be caused by certain medications (such as those used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs), diseases (like HIV/AIDS), or genetic disorders. As a result, the body becomes more susceptible to infections and cancer development. It's important to note that immunosuppression should not be confused with immunity, which refers to the body's ability to resist and fight off infections and diseases.

The spleen is an organ in the upper left side of the abdomen, next to the stomach and behind the ribs. It plays multiple supporting roles in the body:

1. It fights infection by acting as a filter for the blood. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, and platelets and white blood cells are stored there.
2. The spleen also helps to control the amount of blood in the body by removing excess red blood cells and storing platelets.
3. It has an important role in immune function, producing antibodies and removing microorganisms and damaged red blood cells from the bloodstream.

The spleen can be removed without causing any significant problems, as other organs take over its functions. This is known as a splenectomy and may be necessary if the spleen is damaged or diseased.

Aplastic anemia is a medical condition characterized by pancytopenia (a decrease in all three types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) due to the failure of bone marrow to produce new cells. It is called "aplastic" because the bone marrow becomes hypocellular or "aplastic," meaning it contains few or no blood-forming stem cells.

The condition can be acquired or inherited, with acquired aplastic anemia being more common. Acquired aplastic anemia can result from exposure to toxic chemicals, radiation, drugs, viral infections, or autoimmune disorders. Inherited forms of the disease include Fanconi anemia and dyskeratosis congenita.

Symptoms of aplastic anemia may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, easy bruising or bleeding, frequent infections, and fever. Treatment options for aplastic anemia depend on the severity of the condition and its underlying cause. They may include blood transfusions, immunosuppressive therapy, and stem cell transplantation.

Skin manifestations refer to visible changes on the skin that can indicate an underlying medical condition or disease process. These changes can include rashes, lesions, discoloration, eruptions, blisters, hives, and other abnormalities. The appearance, distribution, and pattern of these manifestations can provide important clues for healthcare professionals to diagnose and manage the underlying condition.

Skin manifestations can be caused by a wide range of factors, including infections, inflammatory conditions, allergic reactions, genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. In some cases, skin manifestations may be the primary symptom of a medical condition, while in other cases, they may be a secondary effect of medication or treatment.

It is important to note that while skin manifestations can provide valuable diagnostic information, they should always be evaluated in the context of the patient's overall medical history and presentation. A thorough physical examination and appropriate diagnostic tests are often necessary to confirm a diagnosis and develop an effective treatment plan.

Transplantation Immunology is a branch of medicine that deals with the immune responses occurring between a transplanted organ or tissue and the recipient's body. It involves understanding and managing the immune system's reaction to foreign tissue, which can lead to rejection of the transplanted organ. This field also studies the use of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection and the potential risks and side effects associated with their use. The main goal of transplantation immunology is to find ways to promote the acceptance of transplanted tissue while minimizing the risk of infection and other complications.

Chromium isotopes are different forms of the chemical element Chromium (Cr), which have different numbers of neutrons in their atomic nuclei. This results in each isotope having a different atomic mass, although they all have the same number of protons (24) and therefore share the same chemical properties.

The most common and stable chromium isotopes are Chromium-52 (Cr-52), Chromium-53 (Cr-53), Chromium-54 (Cr-54), and Chromium-56 (Cr-56). The other less abundant isotopes of Chromium, such as Chromium-50 (Cr-50) and Chromium-51 (Cr-51), are radioactive and undergo decay to become stable isotopes.

Chromium is an essential trace element for human health, playing a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. It is also used in various industrial applications, such as in the production of stainless steel and other alloys.

Kidney transplantation is a surgical procedure where a healthy kidney from a deceased or living donor is implanted into a patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or permanent kidney failure. The new kidney takes over the functions of filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood, producing urine, and maintaining the body's electrolyte balance.

The transplanted kidney is typically placed in the lower abdomen, with its blood vessels connected to the recipient's iliac artery and vein. The ureter of the new kidney is then attached to the recipient's bladder to ensure proper urine flow. Following the surgery, the patient will require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ by their immune system.

Iodine isotopes are different forms of the chemical element iodine, which have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. Iodine has a total of 53 protons in its nucleus, and its stable isotope, iodine-127, has 74 neutrons, giving it a mass number of 127. However, there are also radioactive isotopes of iodine, which have different numbers of neutrons and are therefore unstable.

Radioactive isotopes of iodine emit radiation as they decay towards a stable state. For example, iodine-131 is a commonly used isotope in medical imaging and therapy, with a half-life of about 8 days. It decays by emitting beta particles and gamma rays, making it useful for treating thyroid cancer and other conditions that involve overactive thyroid glands.

Other radioactive iodine isotopes include iodine-123, which has a half-life of about 13 hours and is used in medical imaging, and iodine-125, which has a half-life of about 60 days and is used in brachytherapy (a type of radiation therapy that involves placing radioactive sources directly into or near tumors).

It's important to note that exposure to radioactive iodine isotopes can be harmful, especially if it occurs through inhalation or ingestion. This is because the iodine can accumulate in the thyroid gland and cause damage over time. Therefore, appropriate safety measures must be taken when handling or working with radioactive iodine isotopes.

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is a type of hemoglobin that is produced in the fetus and newborn babies. It is composed of two alpha-like globin chains and two gamma-globin chains, designated as α2γ2. HbF is the primary form of hemoglobin during fetal development, replacing the embryonic hemoglobin (HbG) around the eighth week of gestation.

The unique property of HbF is its higher affinity for oxygen compared to adult hemoglobin (HbA), which helps ensure adequate oxygen supply from the mother to the developing fetus. After birth, as the newborn starts breathing on its own and begins to receive oxygen directly, the production of HbF gradually decreases and is usually replaced by HbA within the first year of life.

In some genetic disorders like sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia, persistence of HbF into adulthood can be beneficial as it reduces the severity of symptoms due to its higher oxygen-carrying capacity and less polymerization tendency compared to HbS (in sickle cell disease) or unpaired alpha chains (in beta-thalassemia). Treatments like hydroxyurea are used to induce HbF production in these patients as a therapeutic approach.

Pancytopenia is a medical condition characterized by a reduction in the number of all three types of blood cells in the peripheral blood: red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (leukopenia), and platelets (thrombocytopenia). This condition can be caused by various underlying diseases, including bone marrow disorders, viral infections, exposure to toxic substances or radiation, vitamin deficiencies, and certain medications. Symptoms of pancytopenia may include fatigue, weakness, increased susceptibility to infections, and easy bruising or bleeding.

Bone marrow diseases, also known as hematologic disorders, are conditions that affect the production and function of blood cells in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside bones where all blood cells are produced. There are various types of bone marrow diseases, including:

1. Leukemia: A cancer of the blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow. Leukemia causes the body to produce large numbers of abnormal white blood cells, which can crowd out healthy blood cells and impair their function.
2. Lymphoma: A cancer that starts in the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. Lymphoma can affect the bone marrow and cause an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.
3. Multiple myeloma: A cancer of the plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. Multiple myeloma causes an overproduction of abnormal plasma cells, which can lead to bone pain, fractures, and other complications.
4. Aplastic anemia: A condition in which the bone marrow does not produce enough new blood cells. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and an increased risk of infection.
5. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): A group of disorders in which the bone marrow does not produce enough healthy blood cells. MDS can lead to anemia, infections, and bleeding.
6. Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs): A group of disorders in which the bone marrow produces too many abnormal white or red blood cells, or platelets. MPNs can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, itching, and an increased risk of blood clots.

Treatment for bone marrow diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, or targeted therapies that target specific genetic mutations.

Anemia is a medical condition characterized by a lower than normal number of red blood cells or lower than normal levels of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is an important protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Anemia can cause fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and a pale complexion because the body's tissues are not getting enough oxygen.

Anemia can be caused by various factors, including nutritional deficiencies (such as iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiency), blood loss, chronic diseases (such as kidney disease or rheumatoid arthritis), inherited genetic disorders (such as sickle cell anemia or thalassemia), and certain medications.

There are different types of anemia, classified based on the underlying cause, size and shape of red blood cells, and the level of hemoglobin in the blood. Treatment for anemia depends on the underlying cause and may include dietary changes, supplements, medication, or blood transfusions.

Erythropoiesis is the process of forming and developing red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the body. It occurs in the bone marrow and is regulated by the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), which is produced by the kidneys. Erythropoiesis involves the differentiation and maturation of immature red blood cell precursors called erythroblasts into mature red blood cells, which are responsible for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues. Disorders that affect erythropoiesis can lead to anemia or other blood-related conditions.

Macrocytic anemia is a type of anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal in size (macrocytic). This condition can be caused by various factors such as deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate, alcohol abuse, certain medications, bone marrow disorders, and some inherited genetic conditions.

The large red blood cells may not function properly, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, and a rapid heartbeat. Macrocytic anemia can be diagnosed through a complete blood count (CBC) test, which measures the size and number of red blood cells in the blood.

Treatment for macrocytic anemia depends on the underlying cause. In cases of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, supplements or dietary changes may be recommended. If the anemia is caused by medication, a different medication may be prescribed. In severe cases, blood transfusions or injections of vitamin B12 may be necessary.

Tissue and organ procurement is the process of obtaining viable tissues and organs from deceased or living donors for the purpose of transplantation, research, or education. This procedure is performed by trained medical professionals in a sterile environment, adhering to strict medical standards and ethical guidelines. The tissues and organs that can be procured include hearts, lungs, livers, kidneys, pancreases, intestines, corneas, skin, bones, tendons, and heart valves. The process involves a thorough medical evaluation of the donor, as well as consent from the donor or their next of kin. After procurement, the tissues and organs are preserved and transported to recipients in need.

A tissue donor is an individual who has agreed to allow organs and tissues to be removed from their body after death for the purpose of transplantation to restore the health or save the life of another person. The tissues that can be donated include corneas, heart valves, skin, bone, tendons, ligaments, veins, and cartilage. These tissues can enhance the quality of life for many recipients and are often used in reconstructive surgeries. It is important to note that tissue donation does not interfere with an open casket funeral or other cultural or religious practices related to death and grieving.

Organ transplantation is a surgical procedure where an organ or tissue from one person (donor) is removed and placed into another person (recipient) whose organ or tissue is not functioning properly or has been damaged beyond repair. The goal of this complex procedure is to replace the non-functioning organ with a healthy one, thereby improving the recipient's quality of life and overall survival.

Organs that can be transplanted include the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, pancreas, and intestines. Tissues such as corneas, skin, heart valves, and bones can also be transplanted. The donor may be deceased or living, depending on the type of organ and the medical circumstances.

Organ transplantation is a significant and life-changing event for both the recipient and their families. It requires careful evaluation, matching, and coordination between the donor and recipient, as well as rigorous post-transplant care to ensure the success of the procedure and minimize the risk of rejection.

The Automobile Driver Examination is a medical definition that refers to the process of evaluating an individual's physical and mental fitness to operate a motor vehicle. The examination typically includes a series of tests designed to assess the person's vision, hearing, reaction time, cognitive abilities, and overall health status.

The purpose of the examination is to ensure that drivers are capable of operating their vehicles safely and reducing the risk of accidents on the road. In many jurisdictions, driver examinations are required for individuals seeking to obtain a new driver's license or renew an existing one, particularly for those in certain age groups or with medical conditions that may affect their ability to drive.

The examination is usually conducted by a licensed healthcare professional, such as a doctor or nurse practitioner, who has been trained to assess the driver's fitness to operate a motor vehicle. The results of the examination are then used to determine whether the individual is medically fit to drive and what, if any, restrictions or accommodations may be necessary to ensure their safety and the safety of others on the road.

Biometric identification is the use of automated processes to identify a person based on their unique physical or behavioral characteristics. These characteristics, known as biometrics, can include fingerprints, facial recognition, iris scans, voice patterns, and other distinctive traits that are difficult to replicate or forge. Biometric identification systems work by capturing and analyzing these features with specialized hardware and software, comparing them against a database of known individuals to find a match.

Biometric identification is becoming increasingly popular in security applications, such as access control for buildings and devices, border control, and law enforcement. It offers several advantages over traditional methods of identification, such as passwords or ID cards, which can be lost, stolen, or easily replicated. By contrast, biometric traits are unique to each individual and cannot be easily changed or duplicated.

However, there are also concerns around privacy and the potential for misuse of biometric data. It is important that appropriate safeguards are in place to protect individuals' personal information and prevent unauthorized access or use.

Medical ethics is a branch of ethics that deals with moral issues in medical care, research, and practice. It provides a framework for addressing questions related to patient autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality, distributive justice, beneficentia (doing good), and non-maleficence (not doing harm). Medical ethics also involves the application of ethical principles such as respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice to specific medical cases and situations. It is a crucial component of medical education and practice, helping healthcare professionals make informed decisions that promote patient well-being while respecting their rights and dignity.

Clinical ethics refers to the branch of applied ethics that deals with ethical issues in clinical settings, such as hospitals and other healthcare facilities. It involves the application of moral principles and values to decision-making in clinical practice, with the aim of promoting patient autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.

Clinical ethics often involves addressing complex ethical dilemmas that arise in the context of patient care, such as end-of-life decisions, informed consent, confidentiality, resource allocation, and research involving human subjects. Clinical ethicists may work as part of an institutional ethics committee or provide consultation services to healthcare providers, patients, and families facing ethical challenges.

The principles of clinical ethics are grounded in respect for patient autonomy, which includes the right to make informed decisions about their own care. Beneficence refers to the obligation to act in the best interests of the patient, while non-maleficence involves avoiding harm to the patient. Justice requires fair and equitable distribution of healthcare resources and respect for the rights and dignity of all patients.

Effective clinical ethics decision-making also involves careful consideration of contextual factors, such as cultural differences, religious beliefs, and social values, that may influence ethical judgments in particular cases. Clinical ethicists use a variety of methods to analyze ethical issues, including case consultation, ethical analysis frameworks, and moral deliberation processes that involve all stakeholders in the decision-making process.

... antilymphocyte sera, monoclonal antibodies against Tlymphocytes). He has been interested in the mechanisms and treatments of ...
"Improved graft survival after treatment with Bordetella and anti-lymphocyte serum". Nature. 222 (5198): 1083-5. Bibcode: ... Ptak W, Porwit-Bóbr Z, Chlap Z (1970). "Transformation of hamster macrophages into giant cells with antimacrophage serum". ...
Peter Medawar gave a lecture entitled "Anti-lymphocyte serum" in May 1967; Henry Harris discussed "The expression of genetic ...
Among these contributions, Woodruff's work with anti-lymphocyte serum has led to its wide use to reduce rejection symptoms in ... Woodruff also commenced work on antilymphocyte serum for immunosuppression, with little initial success. While in Aberdeen, ...
Later during the treatment, some patients develop serum sickness or immune complex glomerulonephritis. Serum sickness arises ... The antilymphocyte (ALG) and antithymocyte antigens (ATG) are being used. They are part of the steroid-resistant acute ... As of March 2005, there are two preparations available to the market: Atgam, obtained from horse serum, and Thymoglobuline, ... It is possible to diminish their toxicity by using highly purified serum fractions and intravenous administration in the ...
Since the discovery of a link between antilymphocyte serum (ALS) and lymphocyte depletion by Metchnikoff in 1899, various ... Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) was originally developed as one of various tested preparations of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) ... leading to testing of ATG derived from rabbit serum. Thymoglobulin was the first commercial rabbit-derived ATG to be introduced ...
... (ALG) is an infusion of animal- antibodies against human T cells which is used in the treatment of ... The product was manufactured by Upjohn and Merieux, as well as the Schweizerisches Serum- und Impfinstitut in Bern, the latter ... "Guillain Barré syndrome precipitated by the use of antilymphocyte globulin in the treatment of severe aplastic anaemia". J. ... Treatment of aplastic anaemia by antilymphocyte glubulin with and without allogeneic bone marrow infusions, in Lancet (1977) 2: ...
... immune sera MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.573.203 - antilymphocyte serum MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.580 - immunoconjugates ...
... immune sera MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.203 - antilymphocyte serum MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.601 - antitoxins MeSH ... immune sera MeSH D12.776.124.790.651.114.573.203 - antilymphocyte serum MeSH D12.776.124.790.651.114.580 - immunoconjugates ...
... serum MeSH A12.207.152.846.500 - immune sera MeSH A12.207.152.846.500.203 - antilymphocyte serum MeSH A12.207.180 - body fluid ...
... immune sera MeSH D20.215.401.203 - antilymphocyte serum MeSH D20.215.535 - menotropins MeSH D20.215.659 - picibanil MeSH ...
When he subsequently collected serum from these Guinea pigs and injected it into normal mice he observed a marked depletion in ... A similar trial of anti-lymphocyte globulin showed a trend in reduction of acute graft versus host that was not statistically ...
Additionally, blood serum should be tested for the presence of viruses, including HIV, hepatitis B and C, cytomegalovirus (CMV ... They may also be treated with anti-lymphocyte antibodies (anti-thymocyte globulin, alemtuzumab), irradiation directed against ... and serum pH and lactate levels measured for evidence of intestinal ischemia. The patient's immune system is strongly modulated ...
Negative sera from patients with other autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple ... First-line treatment for aplastic anemia consists of immunosuppressive drugs-typically either anti-lymphocyte globulin or anti- ... Corticosteroids are generally ineffective, though they are used to ameliorate serum sickness caused by ATG. Normally, success ... more than 30 potential specific candidate autoantigens after the serologic screening of a fetal liver library with sera from 8 ...
Antilymphocyte Serum / administration & dosage* * Antilymphocyte Serum / adverse effects * Female * Graft Rejection / blood ... Rabbit antithymocyte globulin-induced serum sickness disease and human kidney graft survival J Clin Invest. 2015 Dec;125(12): ... However, ATGs can induce immune complex diseases, including serum sickness disease (SSD). Rabbit and human IgGs have various ... and anti-Gal antibodies using ELISA assays on sera before and after transplantation. ...
... of amplifier T cells involved in the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide to anti-lymphocyte serum. In: ... of amplifier T cells involved in the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide to anti-lymphocyte serum. / ... of amplifier T cells involved in the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide to anti-lymphocyte serum. ... of amplifier T cells involved in the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide to anti-lymphocyte serum, ...
... antilymphocyte sera, monoclonal antibodies against Tlymphocytes). He has been interested in the mechanisms and treatments of ...
Re-treatment of aplastic anemia with antithymocyte globulin or antilymphocyte serum. Am J Med. 1988 Apr. 84(4):678-82. [QxMD ... Treatment of aplastic anemia with an investigational antilymphocyte serum prepared in rabbits. Am J Med Sci. 1994 Dec. 308(6): ... Survival after antilymphocyte globulin therapy for aplastic anemia depends on disease severity. Blood. 1987 Oct. 70(4):1046-52 ... Antilymphocyte globulin, cyclosporin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with acquired severe aplastic ...
The activity of the antilymphocyte serum lies in its gamma globulin, which contains the antibody proteins. Antilymphocyte ... Such antilymphocyte serums can be produced between a variety of species, but in higher mammals, particularly humans, it has ... The horse has usually been used to produce antilymphocyte serum for the treatment of human patients, but some persons are ... If the lymphocytes of both the recipient and the potential donor are killed by a given serum, then, as far as that typing serum ...
Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin from horse serum is classified in L04AA03.. Antithymocyte immunoglobulin from rabbit serum is ...
Re-treatment of aplastic anemia with antithymocyte globulin or antilymphocyte serum. Am J Med. 1988 Apr. 84(4):678-82. [QxMD ... Treatment of aplastic anemia with an investigational antilymphocyte serum prepared in rabbits. Am J Med Sci. 1994 Dec. 308(6): ... Survival after antilymphocyte globulin therapy for aplastic anemia depends on disease severity. Blood. 1987 Oct. 70(4):1046-52 ... Antilymphocyte globulin, cyclosporin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with acquired severe aplastic ...
2) Antilymphocyte Globulin (ALG). ALG is produced by immunizing a large animal such as a horse with human lymphocytes, then ... purifying the gamma globulin fraction of the serum. Injections of ALG into a graft recipient have a powerful suppressive effect ...
... of extended survival of rat skin xenografts in mice by pretreatment with intrathymic xenoantigen and antilymphocyte serum.." ...
Antilymphocyte Serum (MeSH) * Graft Survival (MeSH) * Heart Transplantation (MeSH) * Humans (MeSH) * Immunosuppression Therapy ...
Combined host-conditioning with CTLA4-Ig, tacrolimus, anti-lymphocyte serum, and low-dose radiation leads to stable mixed ... Combined host-conditioning with CTLA4-Ig, tacrolimus, anti-lymphocyte serum, and low-dose radiation leads to stable mixed ...
Antilymphocyte Serum (1968-1970). Immune Tolerance (1966-1970). Immunity (1966-1970). Immunosuppressive Agents (1966-1970). ...
... but it also stands for afferent loop syndrome and antilymphocyte serum. John Constable A straight stick is crooked in the water ...
Antilymphocyte Serum * Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols * Carmustine * Cytarabine * Etoposide * Female * ...
Antilymphocyte Serum. Serum containing GAMMA-GLOBULINS which are antibodies for lymphocyte ANTIGENS. It is used both as a test ... T-LymphocytesAntilymphocyte SerumCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCorneaEndothelium, CornealT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicKidneyT-Lymphocyte ... The former may be accomplished in vivo by thoracic duct drainage or administration of antilymphocyte serum. The latter is ... Immunosuppressive AgentsIsoantigensCyclosporineIsoantibodiesCyclosporinsTacrolimusAntilymphocyte SerumH-Y AntigenHLA Antigens ...
Antilymphocyte Serum. Bone Marrow. Cyclophosphamide. Fetal Blood. Humans. Recurrence. Graft vs Host Disease. Leukemia, Myeloid ...
Matoba, Y., Kisu, I., Sera, A., Yanokura, M., Banno, K. & Aoki, D., 2019, In: Biomedical Reports. 10, 2, p. 79-86 8 p.. ...
Antilymphocyte Serum 88% * Lung Transplantation 82% * Immunosuppression 64% * Randomized Controlled Trials 47% ...
Antilymphocyte Serum 18% * Transplants 18% * Mycophenolic Acid 17% * Allogeneic Cells 15% * Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating ...
Antilymphocyte Serum 87% * Fetal Blood 68% * Transplantation 53% * Immune Reconstitution 45% 17 Citaten (Scopus) ...
Antilymphocyte Serum 83% * Transplant Recipients 61% * Elderly 44% * Kidney 35% 10 Scopus citations ...
Antilymphocyte Serum Medicine & Life Sciences 86% * Stem Cell Transplantation Medicine & Life Sciences 71% ...
Antilymphocyte Serum Medicine & Life Sciences 53% * Lymphocytes Medicine & Life Sciences 47% * Immunomodulation Medicine & Life ...
Antilymphocyte Serum Medicine & Life Sciences 100% * Myocarditis Medicine & Life Sciences 89% * Human Influenza Medicine & Life ...
THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ANTI-LYMPHOCYTE SERUM : STUDIES OF ANTIBODY ELUATE Eugene M. Lance ... View Articletitled, THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ANTI-LYMPHOCYTE SERUM ,span class=subtitle-colon,: ,/span,,span class= ...
Re-treatment of aplastic anemia with antithymocyte globulin or antilymphocyte serum. Am J Med. 1988 Apr. 84(4):678-82. [QxMD ... Treatment of aplastic anemia with an investigational antilymphocyte serum prepared in rabbits. Am J Med Sci. 1994 Dec. 308(6): ... Liu H, Mihara K, Kimura A, Tanaka K, Kamada N. Induction of apoptosis in CD34+ cells by sera from patients with aplastic anemia ... Survival after antilymphocyte globulin therapy for aplastic anemia depends on disease severity. Blood. 1987 Oct. 70(4):1046-52 ...
Re-treatment of aplastic anemia with antithymocyte globulin or antilymphocyte serum. Am J Med. 1988 Apr. 84(4):678-82. [QxMD ... Treatment of aplastic anemia with an investigational antilymphocyte serum prepared in rabbits. Am J Med Sci. 1994 Dec. 308(6): ... Liu H, Mihara K, Kimura A, Tanaka K, Kamada N. Induction of apoptosis in CD34+ cells by sera from patients with aplastic anemia ... Survival after antilymphocyte globulin therapy for aplastic anemia depends on disease severity. Blood. 1987 Oct. 70(4):1046-52 ...
Antilymphocyte serum that is injected into the pleural space suppresses this effusion 10. Black hacks rubber band, with ...
Animals, Antibody Formation, Antilymphocyte Serum, Immunosuppression, Isoantigens, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phenotype, Spleen ...
This cell is found in anti-lymphocyte serum-treated spleen and has the phenotype Ly-1+2+3+Ia-. ... This cell is found in anti-lymphocyte serum-treated spleen and has the phenotype Ly-1+2+3+Ia-. ... Animals, Antilymphocyte Serum, Cell Differentiation, Cell Membrane, Epitopes, Immunoglobulin M, Immunosuppression, Isoantigens ...
  • 2) Antilymphocyte Globulin (ALG) . (nanomedicine.com)
  • ALG is produced by immunizing a large animal such as a horse with human lymphocytes, then purifying the gamma globulin fraction of the serum. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Antilymphocyte Globulin for Prevention of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. (1library.co)
  • [ 1 ] Recipients were treated with intensive conventional immunosuppression , including combinations of prednisone , azathioprine , and antilymphocyte globulin. (medscape.com)
  • the action of immunosuppressants (cyclosporin, antilymphocyte sera, monoclonal antibodies against Tlymphocytes). (wikipedia.org)
  • Antithymocyte immunoglobulin from rabbit serum is classified in L04AA04. (whocc.no)
  • Two subgroups of SSD(+) and SSD(-) patients that had received ATG induction treatment were then assessed for total anti-ATG, anti-Neu5Gc, and anti-Gal antibodies using ELISA assays on sera before and after transplantation. (nih.gov)
  • sera from children were tested for antibodies to viral capsid antigens of epstein-barr virus. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • However, ATGs can induce immune complex diseases, including serum sickness disease (SSD). (nih.gov)
  • Steroids are generally ineffective, though are often used to combat serum sickness caused by ATG use. (webdicine.com)
  • The evidence for the interaction of 2 subpopulations of T cells, short-lived cells sensitive to adult thymectomy (T1 cells), and long-lived recirculating cells, sensitive to the action of antilymphocyte serum (T2 cells) in the induction of helper cells is presented. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Pop, A, "Production of Laboratory Animals for the Production of Serums and Vaccines," Arch Roum Path Exp Mocrobiol, 1967, 23:423-430. (currenthealthscenario.com)
  • We analyzed data from a cohort of 889 first kidney graft recipients with ATG induction (86 with SSD [SSD(+)] and 803 without SSD [SSD(-)]) from the Données Informatisées et Validées en Transplantation data bank. (nih.gov)
  • Amplifier T cells responsible for enhancement of the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide have been shown to be resistant to the effects of antilymphocyte serum (ALS) given at the time of immunization, a treatment that eliminates suppressor T cell activity. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Rapid kidney allograft failure in patients with polyoma virus nephritis with prior treatment with antilymphocyte agents. (mcw.edu)
  • Lymphoprep™ is a ready-made, sterile and endotoxin tested density gradient medium recommended for the isolation of pure lymphocyte suspensions for tissue typing, anti-lymphocyte sera and immunological research. (transcriptionfactor.org)
  • positive serum tests for infectious mononucleosis (im) unaccompanied by the clinical syndrome or blood changes characteristic of the disease were detected in 39/177 (22%) mentally subnormal patients investigated with three different commercially available im slide tests. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Although antilymphocyte serum was used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in T-cell and B-cell lymphomas, resulting in temporary decreases in lymphocyte counts or lymph node size, newer humoral immunotherapeutic modalities have been developed. (msdmanuals.com)
  • production of interferon or interferon-like susbstances in eb3 cultures after inoculation with human serum containing australia antigen]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • the action of immunosuppressants (cyclosporin, antilymphocyte sera, monoclonal antibodies against Tlymphocytes). (wikipedia.org)
  • Serum that contains antibodies. (umassmed.edu)
  • Serum containing GAMMA-GLOBULINS which are antibodies for lymphocyte ANTIGENS . (bvsalud.org)
  • Antilymphocyte antibodies include polyclonal preparations, such as equine antithymocyte globulin (ATGAM) and rabbit antithymocyte globulin (Thymoglobulin), and the monoclonal antibody preparations muromonab-CD3 (OKT3) and anti-CD52 (Alemtuzumab). (pharmapedia.pk)
  • Antilymphocyte antibodies act by lymphodepletion, as well as by interactions with cellular receptors. (pharmapedia.pk)
  • Autoantibodies (autoAbs) to cell-surface molecules, including antilymphocyte antibodies, are often detected in the sera of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (biomedcentral.com)
  • METHODS IgG anti-P antibodies in the sera of 267 patients with CTDs and 31 healthy subjects were analysed by immunoblotting performed on cytoplasmic extract of Raji cells. (bmj.com)
  • A close association of IgG antibodies with P proteins and with cardiolipin was seen in lupus sera (p=0.0009, odds ratio 18.33). (bmj.com)
  • Anti-P antibodies from 9 of 12 anti-P lupus serum samples could be affinity purified and none of the affinity purified fractions cross reacted with ELISA plate coated cardiolipin. (bmj.com)
  • Anti-P antibodies are strongly clustered with IgG anticardiolipin antibodies in lupus sera, even if they are independently elicited. (bmj.com)
  • Twenty-two patients with aplastic anemia were treated with antilymphocyte serum or antithymocyte globulin at Vanderbilt University and affiliated hospitals from 1980 to 1986. (nih.gov)
  • Twenty patients received antilymphocyte serum initially while two patients received antithymocyte globulin. (nih.gov)
  • Fifteen patients received fluoxymesterone 10 mg by mouth three times a day with antilymphocyte serum, and all received prednisone during the course of antilymphocyte serum or antithymocyte globulin. (nih.gov)
  • Eight patients with no initial response and a patient who experienced a relapse after a complete response were re-treated with either antithymocyte globulin (six) or antilymphocyte serum (three), with four of nine patients (44 percent) having a response (three complete responses, one partial response). (nih.gov)
  • ALG (Thymoglobulin) and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) are less commonly used antilymphocyte antibody preparations. (pharmapedia.pk)
  • Antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) are produced by extracting immunoglobulins from animals (usually horse or rabbit) that have been immunized with human lymphocytes or thymocytes, respectively. (pharmapedia.pk)
  • Opsonizing activity of anti-human lymphocyte serum. (jax.org)
  • 8. Combined host-conditioning with CTLA4-Ig, tacrolimus, anti-lymphocyte serum, and low-dose radiation leads to stable mixed hematopoietic chimerism. (nih.gov)
  • 11. A partial conditioning strategy for achieving mixed chimerism in the rat: tacrolimus and anti-lymphocyte serum substantially reduce the minimum radiation dose for engraftment. (nih.gov)
  • Although antilymphocyte serum was used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in T-cell and B-cell lymphomas, resulting in temporary decreases in lymphocyte counts or lymph node size, newer humoral immunotherapeutic modalities have been developed. (msdmanuals.com)
  • LymphoprepTM can be used for the preparation of pure lymphocyte suspensions for tissue typing, antilymphocyte sera, and immunological research. (microsensbp.com)
  • Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin from horse serum is classified in L04AA03. (whocc.no)
  • Antithymocyte immunoglobulin from rabbit serum is classified in L04AA04. (whocc.no)
  • A characteristic feature of patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs) is detection of high levels of autoantibodies to intracellular "self" antigens in the serum. (bmj.com)
  • Delayed cases of antibody mediated rejection present as an acute rise in the serum creatinine with or without graft tenderness. (upmc.com)
  • Of these antilymphocyte agents, Thymoglobulin is currently predominant, and the use of the others is either rare or of historic interest. (pharmapedia.pk)
  • Assay for the immunosuppressive capacity of antilymphocyte serum. (jax.org)
  • Most centers include induction therapy with an antilymphocyte agent in their immunosuppressive regimens. (medscape.com)
  • PMID- 5157696 TI - [IgA in the gastric content and in the serum of eutrophic and malnourished infants]. (nih.gov)
  • Commonly observed side effects include allergic reactions, serum sickness, fever, and thrombocytopenia, as with OKT3 and other systemically infused immunoglobulins. (pharmapedia.pk)
  • Immune Sera" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Immune Sera" by people in this website by year, and whether "Immune Sera" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Immune Sera" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • Clinico-prognostic implications of increased levels of soluble CD54 in the serum of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. (haematologica.org)
  • Careful attention to fasting blood glucose levels and upward trends in serum amylase, lipase, and glucose levels may be useful in the clinical detection of rejection, but are usually not apparent until late in the rejection process. (medscape.com)
  • The use of antilymphocyte induction regimens has declined precipitously with time. (pharmapedia.pk)
  • Using six recombinant proteins (F2-F7) for LRP2 and one for CD69, we detected autoAbs to LRP2 in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus, Behçet's disease, systemic sclerosis, and osteoarthritis and then mapped autoepitopes by Western blotting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Granoff DM, Welsch JA, Ram S. Binding of complement factor H (fH) to Neisseria meningitidis is specific for human fH and inhibits complement activation by rat and rabbit sera. (umassmed.edu)
  • Enhanced factor H binding to sialylated Gonococci is restricted to the sialylated lacto-N-neotetraose lipooligosaccharide species: implications for serum resistance and evidence for a bifunctional lipooligosaccharide sialyltransferase in Gonococci. (umassmed.edu)
  • In addition, iron chelation may be required in chronically transfused patients who develop elevated serum ferritin levels above 1000 µg/L. (medscape.com)
  • Effective and ineffective antilymphocyte sera correlation of in vitro " by R C. Davis, S R. Cooperband et al. (jax.org)
  • Effective and ineffective antilymphocyte sera correlation of in vitro tests with potency of early antisera. (jax.org)
  • Multiple epitopes on LRP2 were recognized by most of the anti-LRP2 + serum samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A major limitation of all polyclonal antilymphocyte preparations is batch-to-batch heterogeneity, which results in unpredictable side effects and more importantly, variable efficacy. (pharmapedia.pk)