Antigens thy 1. Medical search

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.

Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

The major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse.

A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.

Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.

A subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains. The inheritance of HLA-DR antigens differs from that of the HLA-DQ ANTIGENS and HLA-DP ANTIGENS.

Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.

A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.

Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.

A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

IMMUNOGLOBULINS on the surface of B-LYMPHOCYTES. Their MESSENGER RNA contains an EXON with a membrane spanning sequence, producing immunoglobulins in the form of type I transmembrane proteins as opposed to secreted immunoglobulins (ANTIBODIES) which do not contain the membrane spanning segment.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, CD15 antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.

Carbohydrate antigens expressed by malignant tissue. They are useful as tumor markers and are measured in the serum by means of a radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*02 allele family.

Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. CD8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.

Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

Human immune-response or Class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-D locus. They are extremely polymorphic families of glycopeptides, each consisting of two chains, alpha and beta. This group of antigens includes the -DR, -DQ and -DP designations, of which HLA-DR is most studied; some of these glycoproteins are associated with certain diseases, possibly of immune etiology.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Molecules on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with specific antigens.

High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

Glycoproteins expressed on cortical thymocytes and on some dendritic cells and B-cells. Their structure is similar to that of MHC Class I and their function has been postulated as similar also. CD1 antigens are highly specific markers for human LANGERHANS CELLS.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.

Antigens associated with specific proteins of the human adult T-cell immunodeficiency virus (HIV); also called HTLV-III-associated and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) antigens.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CD28 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD80 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a costimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. At least six nuclear antigens have been identified.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Differentiation antigens expressed on B-lymphocytes and B-cell precursors. They are involved in regulation of B-cell proliferation.

Antigens stimulating the formation of, or combining with heterophile antibodies. They are cross-reacting antigens found in phylogenetically unrelated species.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with specificity for CD40 LIGAND. It is found on mature B-LYMPHOCYTES and some EPITHELIAL CELLS, lymphoid DENDRITIC CELLS. Evidence suggests that CD40-dependent activation of B-cells is important for generation of memory B-cells within the germinal centers. Mutations of the gene for CD40 antigen result in HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 3. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

A group of differentiation surface antigens, among the first to be discovered on thymocytes and T-lymphocytes. Originally identified in the mouse, they are also found in other species including humans, and are expressed on brain neurons and other cells.

A glycolipid, cross-species antigen that induces production of antisheep hemolysin. It is present on the tissue cells of many species but absent in humans. It is found in many infectious agents.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

A sex-specific cell surface antigen produced by the sex-determining gene of the Y chromosome in mammals. It causes syngeneic grafts from males to females to be rejected and interacts with somatic elements of the embryologic undifferentiated gonad to produce testicular organogenesis.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and B-LYMPHOCYTES. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS are not traditional antigen-presenting cells, but because they hold antigen on their cell surface in the form of IMMUNE COMPLEXES for B-cell recognition they are considered so by some authors.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

A group of the D-related HLA antigens found to differ from the DR antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CD28 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD86 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a stimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated alpha and beta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells. Unlike immunoglobulins, the alpha-beta T-cell receptors recognize antigens only when presented in association with major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

An inhibitory T CELL receptor that is closely related to CD28 ANTIGEN. It has specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN and acts as a negative regulator of peripheral T cell function. CTLA-4 antigen is believed to play role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

A component of the B-cell antigen receptor that is involved in B-cell antigen receptor heavy chain transport to the PLASMA MEMBRANE. It is expressed almost exclusively in B-LYMPHOCYTES and serves as a useful marker for B-cell NEOPLASMS.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

Sialylated Lewis blood group carbohydrate antigen found in many adenocarcinomas of the digestive tract, especially pancreatic tumors.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

A melanosome-associated protein that plays a role in the maturation of the MELANOSOME.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

A group of dominantly and independently inherited antigens associated with the ABO blood factors. They are glycolipids present in plasma and secretions that may adhere to the erythrocytes. The phenotype Le(b) is the result of the interaction of the Le gene Le(a) with the genes for the ABO blood groups.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

A CELL CYCLE and tumor growth marker which can be readily detected using IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY methods. Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen present only in the nuclei of cycling cells.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to HELMINTH ANTIGENS.

Antigens which may directly stimulate B lymphocytes without the cooperation of T lymphocytes.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Glycoprotein members of the immunoglobulin superfamily which participate in T-cell adhesion and activation. They are expressed on most peripheral T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and thymocytes, and function as co-receptors or accessory molecules in the T-cell receptor complex.

The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.

A closely related group of antigens found in the plasma only during the infective phase of hepatitis B or in virulent chronic hepatitis B, probably indicating active virus replication; there are three subtypes which may exist in a complex with immunoglobulins G.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

An increased reactivity to specific antigens mediated not by antibodies but by cells.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

Costimulatory T-LYMPHOCYTE receptors that have specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN. Activation of this receptor results in increased T-cell proliferation, cytokine production and promotion of T-cell survival.

A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype found in a variety of tissues and on activated LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for FAS LIGAND and plays a role in regulation of peripheral immune responses and APOPTOSIS. Multiple isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. The activated receptor signals via a conserved death domain that associates with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM.

Carbohydrate antigen most commonly seen in tumors of the ovary and occasionally seen in breast, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract tumors and normal tissue. CA 125 is clearly tumor-associated but not tumor-specific.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

Immunologically detectable substances found in the CELL NUCLEUS.

Allelic alloantigens often responsible for weak graft rejection in cases when (major) histocompatibility has been established by standard tests. In the mouse they are coded by more than 500 genes at up to 30 minor histocompatibility loci. The most well-known minor histocompatibility antigen in mammals is the H-Y antigen.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.

A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*27 allele family.

The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS, genes which control the structure of the IMMUNE RESPONSE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS, HUMAN; the IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS D VIRUS.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) antigens encoded by a small cluster of structural genes at the C locus on chromosome 6. They have significantly lower immunogenicity than the HLA-A and -B determinants and are therefore of minor importance in donor/recipient crossmatching. Their primary role is their high-risk association with certain disease manifestations (e.g., spondylarthritis, psoriasis, multiple myeloma).

Glycoproteins with a wide distribution on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells and strongly expressed on macrophages. CD58 mediates cell adhesion by binding to CD2; (ANTIGENS, CD2); and this enhances antigen-specific T-cell activation.

A major histocompatibily complex class I-like protein that plays a unique role in the presentation of lipid ANTIGENS to NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*01 allele family.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*07 allele family.

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

An HLA-DR antigen which is associated with HLA-DRB1 CHAINS encoded by DRB1*04 alleles.

An HLA-DR antigen which is associated with HLA-DRB1 CHAINS encoded by DRB1*03 alleles.

The major human blood type system which depends on the presence or absence of two antigens A and B. Type O occurs when neither A nor B is present and AB when both are present. A and B are genetic factors that determine the presence of enzymes for the synthesis of certain glycoproteins mainly in the red cell membrane.

Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Glycoproteins expressed on all mature T-cells, thymocytes, and a subset of mature B-cells. Antibodies specific for CD5 can enhance T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell activation. The B-cell-specific molecule CD72 is a natural ligand for CD5. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)

Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.

Unglycosylated phosphoproteins expressed only on B-cells. They are regulators of transmembrane Ca2+ conductance and thought to play a role in B-cell activation and proliferation.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily found on most T-LYMPHOCYTES. Activation of the receptor by CD70 ANTIGEN results in the increased proliferation of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES and CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*24 allele family.

Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Antigens that exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a single species. When an isoantigen is encountered by species members who lack it, an immune response is induced. Typical isoantigens are the BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS.

Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens (EPITOPES.) They are formed from parts of the variable regions of FAB FRAGMENTS.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated gamma and delta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4-/CD8- T-cells. The receptors appear to be preferentially located in epithelial sites and probably play a role in the recognition of bacterial antigens. The T-cell receptor gamma/delta chains are separate and not related to the gamma and delta chains which are subunits of CD3 (see ANTIGENS, CD3).

Differentiation antigens expressed on pluripotential hematopoietic cells, most human thymocytes, and a major subset of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. They have been implicated in integrin-mediated cellular adhesion and as signalling receptors on T-cells.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which a second electrophoretic transport is performed on the initially separated antigen fragments into an antibody-containing medium in a direction perpendicular to the first electrophoresis.

A HLA-DR antigen that is associated with HLA-DRB1 CHAINS encoded by DRB1*07 alleles.

Antigens from any of the hepatitis viruses including surface, core, and other associated antigens.

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

Antibodies from an individual that react with ISOANTIGENS of another individual of the same species.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*03 allele family.

The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which enables the individual to produce antibodies more rapidly and in greater quantity in response to secondary antigenic stimulus.

An integrin alpha subunit of approximately 150-kDa molecular weight. It is expressed at high levels on monocytes and combines with CD18 ANTIGEN to form the cell surface receptor INTEGRIN ALPHAXBETA2. The subunit contains a conserved I-domain which is characteristic of several of alpha integrins.

The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.

A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)

The demonstration of the cytotoxic effect on a target cell of a lymphocyte, a mediator released by a sensitized lymphocyte, an antibody, or complement.

Genetic loci in the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex that encode polymorphic products which control the immune response to specific antigens. The genes are found in the HLA-D region in humans and in the I region in mice.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable region of other antibodies.

Class I-restricted activation of CD8-POSITIVE LYMPHOCYTES resulting from ANTIGEN PRESENTATION of exogenous ANTIGENS (cross-presentation). This is in contrast to normal activation of these lymphocytes (direct-priming) which results from presentation of endogenous antigens.

A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*44 allele family.

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the T-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the T-cell receptor are often located in the inner, unexposed side of the antigen, and become accessible to the T-cell receptors after proteolytic processing of the antigen.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which immunoprecipitation occurs when antigen at the cathode is caused to migrate in an electric field through a suitable medium of diffusion against a stream of antibody migrating from the anode as a result of endosmotic flow.

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.

Small antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens bind to antibodies but by themselves cannot elicit an antibody response.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Experimental induction of retinal ganglion cell death in adult mice. (1/841)

PURPOSE: Retinal ganglion cells die by apoptosis during development and after trauma such as axonal damage and exposure to excitotoxins. Apoptosis is associated with changes in the expression of genes that regulate this process. The genes that regulate apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells have not been characterized primarily because previous studies have been limited to animal models in which gene function is not easily manipulated. To overcome this limitation, the rate and mechanism of retinal ganglion cell death in mice was characterized using optic nerve crush and intravitreal injections of the glutamate analog N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). METHODS: To expose retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to excitotoxins, adult CB6F1 mice were injected intravitreally in one eye with NMDA. In an alternative protocol to physically damage the axons in the optic nerve, the nerve was crushed using self-closing fine forceps. Each animal had one or the other procedure carried out on one eye. Loss of RGCs was monitored as a percentage of cells lost relative to the fellow untreated eye. Thy1 expression was examined using in situ hybridization. DNA fragmentation in dying cells was monitored using terminal transferase-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS: RGCs comprise 67.5% +/- 6.5% (mean +/- SD) of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of control mice based on nuclear morphology and the presence of mRNA for the ganglion cell marker Thy1. One week after optic nerve crush, these cells started to die, progressing to a maximum loss of 57.8% +/- 8.1% of the cells in the GCL by 3 weeks. Cell loss after NMDA injection was dose dependent, with injections of 10 nanomoles having virtually no effect to a maximum loss of 72.5% +/- 12.1% of the cells in the GCL within 6 days after injection of 160 nanomoles NMDA. Cell death exhibited features of apoptosis after both optic nerve crush and NMDA injection, including the formation of pyknotic nuclei and TUNEL staining. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative RGC death can be induced in mice using two distinct signaling pathways, making it possible to test the roles of genes in this process using transgenic animals. (+info)

Gastrointestinal epithelium is an early extrathymic site for increased prevalence of CD34(+) progenitor cells in contrast to the thymus during primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection. (2/841)

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of primary simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection on the prevalence and phenotype of progenitor cells present in the gastrointestinal epithelia of SIV-infected rhesus macaques, a primate model for human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis. The gastrointestinal epithelium was residence to progenitor cells expressing CD34 antigen, a subset of which also coexpressed Thy-1 and c-kit receptors, suggesting that the CD34(+) population in the intestine comprised a subpopulation of primitive precursors. Following experimental SIVmac251 infection, an early increase in the proportions of CD34(+) Thy-1(+) and CD34(+) c-kit+ progenitor cells was observed in the gastrointestinal epithelium. In contrast, the proportion of CD34(+) cells in the thymus declined during primary SIV infection, which was characterized by a decrease in the frequency of CD34(+) Thy-1(+) progenitor cells. A severe depletion in the frequency of CD4-committed CD34(+) progenitors was observed in the gastrointestinal epithelium 2 weeks after SIV infection which persisted even 4 weeks after infection. A coincident increase in the frequency of CD8- committed CD34(+) progenitor cells was observed during primary SIV infection. These results indicate that in contrast to the primary lymphoid organs such as the thymus, the gastrointestinal epithelium may be an early extrathymic site for the increased prevalence of both primitive and committed CD34(+) progenitor cells. The gastrointestinal epithelium may potentially play an important role in maintaining T-cell homeostasis in the intestinal mucosa during primary SIV infection. (+info)

Recapitulation of normal and abnormal BioBreeding rat T cell development in adult thymus organ culture. (3/841)

Congenitally lymphopenic diabetes-prone (DP) BioBreeding (BB) rats develop spontaneous T cell-dependent autoimmunity. Coisogenic diabetes-resistant (DR) BB rats are not lymphopenic and are free of spontaneous autoimmune disease, but become diabetic in response to depletion of RT6+ T cells. The basis for the predisposition to autoimmunity in BB rats is unknown. Abnormal T cell development in DP-BB rats can be detected intrathymically, and thymocytes from DR-BB rats adoptively transfer diabetes. The mechanisms underlying these T cell developmental abnormalities are not known. To study these processes, we established adult thymus organ cultures (ATOC). We report that cultured DR- and DP-BB rat thymi generate mature CD4 and CD8 single-positive cells with up-regulated TCRs. DR-BB rat cultures also generate T cells that express RT6. In contrast, DP-BB rat cultures generate fewer CD4+, CD8+, and RT6+ T cells. Analysis of the cells obtained from ATOC suggested that the failure of cultured DP-BB rat thymi to generate T cells with a mature phenotype is due in part to an increased rate of apoptosis. Consistent with this inference, we observed that addition of the general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK substantially increases the number of both mature and immature T cells produced by DP-BB rat ATOC. We conclude that cultured DR-BB and DP-BB rat thymi, respectively, recapitulate the normal and abnormal T cell developmental kinetics and phenotypes observed in these animals in vivo. Such cultures should facilitate identification of the underlying pathological processes that lead to immune dysfunction and autoimmunity in BB rats. (+info)

Maturation of the axonal plasma membrane requires upregulation of sphingomyelin synthesis and formation of protein-lipid complexes. (4/841)

Neuronal maturation is a gradual process; first axons and dendrites are established as distinct morphological entities; next the different intracellular organization of these processes occurs; and finally the specialized plasma membrane domains of these two compartments are formed. Only when this has been accomplished does proper neuronal function take place. In this work we present evidence that the correct distribution of a class of axonal membrane proteins requires a mechanism which involves formation of protein-lipid (sphingomyelin/cholesterol) detergent-insoluble complexes (DIGs). Using biochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy we now show that in developing neurons the randomly distributed Thy-1 does not interact with lipids into DIGs (in fully developed neurons the formation of such complexes is essential for the correct axonal targeting of this protein). Using lipid mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography we show that the DIG lipid missing in the developing neurons is sphingomyelin, but not cholesterol or glucosylceramide. Finally, by increasing the intracellular levels of sphingomyelin in the young neurons the formation of Thy-1/DIGs was induced and, consistent with a role in sorting, proper axonal distribution was facilitated. These results emphasize the role of sphingomyelin in axonal, and therefore, neuronal maturation. (+info)

Negative selection of immature B cells by receptor editing or deletion is determined by site of antigen encounter. (5/841)

Immature B cells that encounter self-antigen are eliminated from the immune repertoire by negative selection. Negative selection has been proposed to take place by two distinct mechanisms: deletion by apoptosis or alteration of the antigen receptor specificity by receptor editing. While convincing evidence exists for each, the two models are inherently contradictory. In this paper, we propose a resolution to this contradiction by demonstrating that the site of first antigen encounter dictates which mechanism of negative selection is utilized. We demonstrate that the bone marrow microenvironment provides signals that block antigen-induced deletion and promote RAG reinduction. In the periphery, the absence of these signals allows the immature B cell to default to apoptosis as a result of BCR engagement. (+info)

Oligosaccharide analysis and molecular modeling of soluble forms of glycoproteins belonging to the Ly-6, scavenger receptor, and immunoglobulin superfamilies expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (6/841)

Most cell surface molecules are glycoproteins consisting of linear arrays of globular domains containing stretches of amino acid sequence with similarities to regions in other proteins. These conserved regions form the basis for the classification of proteins into superfamilies. Recombinant soluble forms of six leukocyte antigens belonging to the Ly-6 (CD59), scavenger receptor (CD5), and immunoglobulin (CD2, CD48, CD4, and Thy-1) superfamilies were expressed in the same Chinese hamster ovary cell line, thus providing an opportunity to examine the extent to which N-linked oligosaccharide processing might vary in a superfamily-, domain-, or protein-dependent manner in a given cell. While we found no evidence for superfamily-specific modifications of the glycans, marked differences were seen in the types of oligosaccharides attached to individual proteins within a given superfamily. The relative importance of local protein surface properties versus the overall tertiary structure of the molecules in directing this protein-specific variation was examined in the context of molecular models. These were constructed using the 3D structures of the proteins, glycan data from this study, and an oligosaccharide structural database. The results indicated that both the overall organization of the domains and the local protein structure can have a large bearing on site-specific glycan modification of cells in stasis. This level of control ensures that the surface of a single cell will display a diverse repertoire of glycans and precludes the presentation of multiple copies of a single oligosaccharide on the cell surface. The glycans invariably shield large regions of the protein surfaces although, for the glycoproteins examined here, these did not hinder the known active sites of the molecules. The models also indicated that sugars are likely to play a role in the packing of the native cell surface glycoproteins and to limit nonspecific protein-protein interactions. In addition, glycans located close to the cell membrane are likely to affect crucially the orientation of the glycoproteins to which they are attached. (+info)

Cleavage of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor affects the reactivity of thy-1 with antibodies. (7/841)

Thy-1 protein, a member of the Ig superfamily, is bound to the cell membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. We demonstrate that following anchor cleavage by phospholipase C, the reactivity of the solubilized Thy-1 with several mAbs is lost, and its reactivity with polyclonal anti-Thy-1 Abs is markedly decreased. Hence, solubilized Thy-1 cannot be detected by a range of mAbs. In contrast, enzymatic cleavage of biotinylated Thy-1 yields an intact solubilized protein that can be detected by streptavidin. These results exclude a possible proteolytic degradation of solubilized Thy-1 and suggest that the marked decrease in Thy-1 immunoreactivity following delipidation is due to conformational changes in the Thy-1 protein. We further demonstrate that addition of phospholipase C to preformed Ab-Ag complexes causes dissociation and removal of Thy-1 from the complex, indicating that delipidation of Thy-1 induces a conformational change in Thy-1 that is sufficient to dissociate bound Ab. The possibility should therefore be considered that the GPI anchor affects the conformation of a protein to which it is linked. (+info)

Assessment of Thy-1 mRNA levels as an index of retinal ganglion cell damage. (8/841)

PURPOSE: Thy-1 is primarily, if not entirely, expressed by the ganglion cells within the retina. This knowledge was used to index ganglion cell death after ischemia and excitotoxicity by studying changes in Thy-1 mRNA levels. METHODS: Insults to the rat retina were delivered either by elevation of intraocular pressure for 60 minutes or by intravitreal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). After a defined period, changes in Thy-1 immunoreactivity and mRNA levels of Thy-1 and NR1 (NMDA receptor subunit) were used to index ganglion cell sensitivity to damage. Opsin mRNA levels were used as an internal control because photoreceptors lack NMDA receptors. RESULTS: Retinal Thy-1 immunoreactivity, associated with the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers, is reduced by ischemia or intravitreal injections of NMDA in a dose-dependent manner. Using a semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) methodology, the levels of total retinal Thy-1 and NR1 mRNAs were shown to be dramatically reduced after both transient ischemia and intravitreal injection of NMDA. The effect of NMDA was found to be both time- and dose-dependent. In contrast, no change occurred in the levels of opsin mRNA unless high levels of NMDA (200 nmoles) were administered. CONCLUSIONS: Ischemia and NMDA-induced excitotoxicity caused retinal ganglion cell destruction, but the photoreceptors were unaffected. Measurement of total retinal Thy-1 mRNA levels provides a useful way of following ganglion cell death especially when combined with immunohistochemical localization of Thy-1. Additionally, the effect on other retinal cell types such as the photoreceptors can be followed in concert using this technique. (+info)

The antigen Thy-1 was the first T cell marker to be identified. Thy-1 was discovered by Reif and Allen in 1964 during a search ... Thy 1b, CD90.2). They differ by only one amino acid at position 108; an arginine in Thy-1.1 and a glutamine in Thy-1.2. Thy 1.2 ... It was originally named theta (θ) antigen, then Thy-1 (THYmocyte differentiation antigen 1) due to its prior identification in ... originally discovered as a thymocyte antigen. Thy-1 can be used as a marker for a variety of stem cells and for the axonal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD90

Thomas ML, Barclay AN, Gagnon J, Williams AF (1985). "Evidence from cDNA clones that the rat leukocyte-common antigen (T200) ... doi:10.1016/0092-8674(85)90063-7. Campbell DG, Gagnon J, Reid KB, Williams AF (1981). "Rat brain Thy-1 glycoprotein. The amino ... Williams AF, Gagnon J (1982). "Neuronal cell Thy-1 glycoprotein: homology with immunoglobulin". Science. 216: 696-703. doi: ... differentiation antigens of rat lymphocytes". Cell. 12: 696-703. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(77)90266-5. Thomas ML, Barclay AN, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Williams_(immunologist)

Reif is best known for his 1964 discovery of the first T cell marker, an antigen he later named Thy-1. His Google Scholar H- ... Reif A., Allen J. (1964). "The AKR thymic antigen and its distribution in leukemias and nervous tissue". J. Exp. Med. 120 (3): ... Reif A., Allen J. (1966). "Mouse Thymic Iso-antigens". Nature. 209 (5022): 521-523. doi:10.1038/209521b0. PMID 5919593. h-index ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_E._Reif

doi:10.1089/thy.2005.15.511. PMID 16029117. Renault B, Lieman J, Ward D, Krauter K, Kucherlapati R (November 1995). " ... and proximal to tumor rejection antigen (TRA1) on chromosome 12q22-q23". Genomics. 30 (1): 81-3. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.0012. ... Achaete-scute homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASCL1 gene. Because it was discovered subsequent to ... 274 (1): 22-31. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3090. PMID 10903890. Long RM, Gu W, Meng X, Gonsalvez G, Singer RH, Chartrand P (April ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCL1

... antigens, cd31 MeSH D23.050.301.264.920 - antigens, ly MeSH D23.050.301.264.930 - antigens, thy-1 MeSH D23.050.301.264.965 - ... antigens, cd147 MeSH D23.050.301.264.035.264 - antigens, cd164 MeSH D23.050.301.264.035.270 - antigens, thy-1 MeSH D23.050. ... antigens, cd147 MeSH D23.101.100.110.264 - antigens, cd164 MeSH D23.101.100.110.270 - antigens, thy-1 MeSH D23.101.100.110.280 ... antigens, cd31 MeSH D23.101.100.920 - antigens, ly MeSH D23.101.100.930 - antigens, thy-1 MeSH D23.101.840.050 - alpha- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D23)

CK19, Cytokeratin 19, K19) Kit L-selectin (CD62L) Lamin A/C Lewis X antigen (Le(X)) LeX Lgr5 Lrp4 MCM2 MCSP Metallothionein (MT ... "Hepatic progenitor cells in human fetal liver express the oval cell marker Thy-1". American Journal of Physiology. 291 (1): G45 ... May 2006). "Lack of expression of the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan neuron-glial antigen 2 on candidate stem cell ... Muramatsu T, Muramatsu H (2004). "Carbohydrate antigens expressed on stem cells and early embryonic cells". Glycoconjugate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_marker

... antigen (Cluster of Differentiation 48) also known as B-lymphocyte activation marker (BLAST-1) or signaling lymphocytic ... "The association of the protein tyrosine kinases p56lck and p60fyn with the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins Thy- ... Smith GM, Biggs J, Norris B, Anderson-Stewart P, Ward R (1998). "Detection of a soluble form of the leukocyte surface antigen ... Killeen N, Moessner R, Arvieux J, Willis A, Williams AF (October 1988). "The MRC OX-45 antigen of rat leukocytes and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD48

The antigens recognized by non-Vδ2 T cells expanded in the above infectious contexts have not been characterized, but the fact ... Originally referred to as Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells (Thy1+DEC), these cells are more commonly known as dendritic ... It is still not clear whether these non-peptidic antigens bind directly to the Vγ9/Vδ2 TCR or if a presenting element exists. ... However, none of the known antigen-presenting molecules like MHC class I and II or CD1 are required for γδ T cell activation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_delta_T_cell

doi:10.1089/thy.1996.6.305. PMID 8875751. Quayle FJ, Moley JF (2005). "Medullary thyroid carcinoma: including MEN 2A and MEN 2B ... A second marker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), also produced by medullary thyroid carcinoma, is released into the blood and ... The prognostic value of measuring calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentrations in the blood was studied in 65 ... "Prognostic Impact of Serum Calcitonin and Carcinoembryonic Antigen Doubling-Times in Patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medullary_thyroid_cancer

doi:10.1089/thy.2020.0124. PMID 32303157. "Professor Deborah Doniach". The Daily Telegraph. 23 January 2004. Retrieved 11 July ... I. Localization of the antigen to mitochondrial membranes". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 126 (2): 277-90. doi:10.1084/ ... Retrieved 1 November 2012. Leslier, David; Bottazzo, Gian-Franco. "Deborah Doniach". Munk's Roll Volume XI. Royal College of ... Retrieved 1 November 2012. Roitt, Ivan (2008). "Doniach [née Abileah], Deborah". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah_Doniach

Barber EK, Dasgupta JD, Schlossman SF, Trevillyan JM, Rudd CE (May 1989). "The CD4 and CD8 antigens are coupled to a protein- ... Thomas PM, Samelson LE (June 1992). "The glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored Thy-1 molecule interacts with the p60fyn protein ... When the T cell receptor is engaged by the specific antigen presented by MHC, Lck acts to phosphorylate the intracellular ... 183 (1): 169-78. doi:10.1084/jem.183.1.169. PMC 2192399. PMID 8551220. Taher TE, Smit L, Griffioen AW, Schilder-Tol EJ, Borst J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lck

Eichler W, Hamann J, Aust G (Nov 1997). "Expression characteristics of the human CD97 antigen". Tissue Antigens. 50 (5): 429-38 ... Wandel E, Saalbach A, Sittig D, Gebhardt C, Aust G (Feb 2012). "Thy-1 (CD90) is an interacting partner for CD97 on activated ... Hamann J, Wishaupt JO, van Lier RA, Smeets TJ, Breedveld FC, Tak PP (Apr 1999). "Expression of the activation antigen CD97 and ... Thy-1) with the GAIN domain.[22] N-glycosylation of CD97 within the EGF domains is crucial for CD55 binding.[23] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD97

doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0335. PMC 4490627. PMID 25810047. Smallridge, Robert C.; Ain, Kenneth B.; Asa, Sylvia L.; Bible, Keith C ... "Prognostic Impact of Serum Calcitonin and Carcinoembryonic Antigen Doubling-Times in Patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma ... doi:10.1089/thy.2015.0020. PMC 4739132. PMID 26462967. Wells, Samuel A.; Asa, Sylvia L.; Dralle, Henning; Elisei, Rossella; ... doi:10.1089/thy.2009.0110. hdl:2027.42/78131. PMID 19860577. British Thyroid Association, Royal College of Physicians, Perros P ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_cancer

ray;thy;sie (15 December 2004). "Kutai Kartanegara Punya Dua Bupati". Kompas. Retrieved 17 February 2021.CS1 maint: multiple ... "Sebelum Meninggal, Bupati Paser Positif Covid-19 Berdasarkan Rapid Test Antigen Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). ... "Meninggal Dunia, Bupati Paser Yusriansyah Syarkawi Reaktif Swab Antigen". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 16 February 2021 ... noting his positive results from the rapid antigen test. Several hours after his death, the Paser government published his ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusriansyah_Syarkawi

In the same year, she published her research in which she "negatively stained aggregates of antigen...and antibody" with the ... Dare frame thy fivefold symmetry." By 1964, Almeida had earned her Doctor of Science (Sc.D.), based on publications of her ... Timeline of women in science COVID-19 coronavirus disease In the chapter entitled "Imaging viruses and tagging their antigens" ... "The Structure of Antigen-Antibody Complexes: A Study by Electron Microscopy". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 118 (3): 327- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Almeida

The present localities of A. spirocauda include the Danish North Sea (Agger Tange), Limfjord (Thy), Skagerrak (Lysekil) and ... "Identification of chitinase as the immunodominant filarial antigen recognized by sera of vaccinated rodents". Journal of ... "Acanthocheilonema viteae: vaccination of jirds with irradiation-attenuated stage-3 larvae and with exported larval antigens". ... 220-1. 10.4102/jsava.v77i4.381. Sonin M D 1975 Filariata of animals and man and diseases caused by them. Part III. Filariidae, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthocheilonema

... s of mice and humans have consistent immunophenotypes, including FcεRI+, CD123, CD49b(DX-5)+, CD69+, Thy-1.2+, 2B4+, ... pollen proteins or helminth antigens. Recent studies in mice suggest that basophils may also regulate the behavior of T cells ... Basophils are the least common type of granulocyte, representing about 0.5% to 1% of circulating white blood cells. However, ... CD11bdull, CD117(c-kit)−, CD24−, CD19−, CD80−, CD14−, CD23−, Ly49c−, CD122−, CD11c−, Gr-1−, NK1.1−, B220−, CD3−, γδTCR−, αβTCR ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophil

doi:10.1089/thy.2006.16.225. PMID 16571084. Tomer Y, Davies T (1993). "Infection, thyroid disease, and autoimmunity" (PDF). ... surface antigen. Five of the six biogroups (1B and 2-5) are regarded as pathogens. However, only a few of these serogroups have ... 30 (1): 24-32. doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2011.07.017. PMID 22019131. Goljan, Edward F. Rapid Review Pathology. Second Edition. Page ... 14 (1): 107-20. doi:10.1210/er.14.1.107. PMID 8491150. Toivanen P, Toivanen A (1994). "Does Yersinia induce autoimmunity?". Int ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersinia_enterocolitica

Examples of cross-class inhibitory serpins include serpin B4 a squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 (SCCA-1) and the avian serpin ... doi:10.1089/thy.1992.2.237. PMID 1422238. Persani L (September 2012). "Clinical review: Central hypothyroidism: pathogenic, ... Takeda A, Yamamoto T, Nakamura Y, Takahashi T, Hibino T (February 1995). "Squamous cell carcinoma antigen is a potent inhibitor ... "Squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 is a novel serpin that inhibits the chymotrypsin-like proteinases cathepsin G and mast cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpin

doi:10.1089/thy.1991.1.347. PMID 1841732. Pikner R, Ludvíkova M, Ryska A, Kholova I, Holubec L, Topolcan O, Pecen L, Fínek J ( ... Thymidine kinase has been suggested as a supplement to PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen), the tumor marker most frequently used ... Björklund B (1978). "Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA): Biology, biochemistry, improved assay methodology, clinical significance ... 194: 1-6. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.020. PMID 29247745. Lou, X; Zhou, J; Ma, H; Xu, S; He, E; Skog, S; Wang, H (August 2017). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymidine_kinase_in_clinical_chemistry

After a period typically ranging from 15 to 30 minutes, prostate-specific antigen present in the semen causes the decoagulation ... Thy people shall be willing in the day Bible Gateway Walker, Barbara (October 19, 1988). The Woman's Dictionary of Symbols and ... Balk, S. P.; Ko, YJ; Bubley, GJ (2003). "Biology of Prostate-Specific Antigen". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 21 (2): 383-91. ... Retrieved 1 December 2016. Rafik, Amal (2013-03-26). Passion Masters: Sex Secrets of a Forbidden Cult. Google Books: Blue Moon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semen

2002). "Role for CCR7 ligands in the emigration of newly generated T lymphocytes from the neonatal thy mus". Immunity. 16 (2): ... Certain body tissues are able to tolerate antigens without an inflammatory immune response. Immune privilege is thought to be ... T-cells are formed in the bone marrow and subsequently migrate to the cortex of the thymus where they can mature in an antigen- ... antigens, cytokines, steroids, receptor antagonists, adhesion molecules, etc.). As a result, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemorepulsion

15 (10): 1131-6. doi:10.1089/thy.2005.15.1131. PMID 16279846. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann ... N-alpha-acetyltransferase 15, NatA auxiliary subunit also known as gastric cancer antigen Ga19 (GA19), NMDA receptor-regulated ... "Regulation of osteocalcin gene expression by a novel Ku antigen transcription factor complex". The Journal of Biological ... Norwitz ER, Xu S, Xu J, Spiryda LB, Park JS, Jeong KH, McGee EA, Kaiser UB (2002). "Direct binding of AP-1 (Fos/Jun) proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAA15

Human leukocyte antigen DR (especially DR3) appears to play a role. To date, no clear genetic defect has been found to point to ... doi:10.1089/thy.1998.8.539. PMID 9669294. Tan NY, Leong YY, Lang SS, Htoon ZM, Young SM, Sundar G (May 2017). "Radiologic ... 8 (7): 571-6. doi:10.1089/thy.1998.8.571. PMID 9709909. Wallaschofski H, Kuwert T, Lohmann T (April 2004). "TSH-receptor ... and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, among others. Since Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease which appears ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graves'_disease

doi:10.2217/thy.10.82. PMC 3150241. PMID 21767368. "4 Best Home Remedies For Lung Cancer , HDFC Health". www.hdfchealth.com. ... cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1). Under normal conditions, the immune system ... 110 (1): 13-21. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.04.033. PMID 18589210. as PDF Rabinowits G, Gerçel-Taylor C, Day JM, Taylor DD, ... 4 (1): 1. Buchbinder EI, Desai A (February 2016). "CTLA-4 and PD-1 Pathways: Similarities, Differences, and Implications of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_cancer

doi:10.1089/thy.2005.15.511. Vanjske veze[uredi - уреди , uredi izvor]. *MeSH c-raf+Proteins ... 1]. [2]. RAF proto-onkogena serin/treoninska proteinska kinaza (proto-onkogen c-RAF ili c-Raf) je enzim[1] koji je kod ljudi ... Dhillon AS, Kolch W (2002). "Untying the regulation of the Raf-1 kinase". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 404 (1): 3-9. PMID 12127063. ... 2004). "HIV-1 Nef control of cell signalling molecules: multiple strategies to promote virus replication". J. Biosci. 28 (3): ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-Raf

doi:10.1089/thy.2005.15.511.. CS1 одржавање: Вишеструка имена: списак аутора (веза) ... Goodpasture-antigen-vezujuća proteinska kinaza (EC 2.7.11.9). -. IκB kinaza (EC 2.7.11.10). CHUK, IKK2, TBK1, IKBKE, IKBKG, ... 1]. [2]. RAF proto-onkogena serin/treoninska proteinska kinaza (proto-onkogen c-RAF ili c-Raf) je enzim[1] koji je kod ljudi ... Geyer M, Fackler OT, Peterlin BM (2001). „Structure-function relationships in HIV-1 Nef". EMBO Rep. 2 (7): 580-5. PMC 1083955 ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-Raf

Autoreactive thymic B cells are efficient antigen-presenting cells of cognate self-antigens for T cell negative selection., 110 ... D. PALADINI, How to identify the thymus in the fetus: the thy-box, Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 37. väljaanne, nr 4, ... Ana C. Anderson ja Vijay K. Kuchroo, Expression of Self-antigen in the Thymus A Little Goes a Long Way, 1. detsember 2003 // ... D. PALADINI, How to identify the thymus in the fetus: the thy-box, Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 37. väljaanne, nr 4, ...

https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkelund

Thy-1.2+, 2B4+, CD11bdull, CD117(c-kit)−, CD24−, CD19−, CD80−, CD14−, CD23−, Ly49c−, CD122−, CD11c−, Gr-1−, NK1.1−, B220−, CD3− ... pollen proteins or helminth antigens. Recent studies in mice suggest that basophils may also regulate the behavior of T cells ... Basophils are the least common of the granulocytes, representing about 0.5 to 1% of circulating white blood cells.[3] However, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophil_granulocyte

https://et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tüümus

doi:10.1089/thy.1998.8.539. PMID 9669294.. *^ Tan NY, Leong YY, Lang SS, Htoon ZM, Young SM, Sundar G (May 2017). "Radiologic ... Human leukocyte antigen DR (especially DR3) appears to play a role.[10] To date, no clear genetic defect has been found to ... 8 (7): 571-6. doi:10.1089/thy.1998.8.571. PMID 9709909.. *^ Wallaschofski H, Kuwert T, Lohmann T (April 2004). "TSH-receptor ... 1: 43-45 [45].. *^ "水嶋ヒロ・絢香、2ショット会見で結婚報告絢香はバセドウ病を告白、年内で休業へ" (in Japanese). Oricon. April 3, 2009. Archived from the

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graves

doi:10.1089/thy.1998.8.539. ISSN 1050-7256. PMID 9669294.. *^ Tan, Nicholas Y. Q.; Leong, Yuan-Yuh; Lang, Stephanie S.; Htoon, ... Human leukocyte antigen DR (especially DR3) appears to play a role.[10] To date, no clear genetic defect has been found to ... 1: 43-45 [45].. *^ "水嶋ヒロ・絢香、2ショット会見で結婚報告絢香はバセドウ病を告白、年内で休業へ" (in Japanese). Oricon. April 3, 2009. Archived from the original ... 168 (1): R13-18. doi:10.1530/EJE-12-0539. PMID 23027804.. *^ a b Tomer Y, Davies T (1993). "Infection, thyroid

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graves-Basedow_disease

According to a 2008 study examining the frequency of the Duffy antigen receptor for Chemokines (DARC) Single Nucleotide ... Pina, Diógenes (21 March 2007). "DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Deport Thy (Darker-Skinned) Neighbour". Inter Press Service (IPS). ... 27 (7). 1 July 1994. "Rapport UCREF" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2006. Retrieved 24 July 2013. "Probe of ... ISBN 978-1-56639-614-1. Rey, Terry; Stepick, Alex, eds. (2013). Crossing the Water and Keeping the Faith Haitian Religion in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti

Duval, Linda; Robert, Vincent; Csorba, Gabor; Hassanin, Alexandre; Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona; Walston, Joe; Nhim, Thy; ... The value of comparative approaches to ascertain the evolution of Plasmodium falciparum antigens". Malaria Journal. 12: 328. ... 25 (1): 87-100. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1978.tb03874.x. PMID 351178. Schaer, J; Perkins, S. L; Decher, J; Leendertz, F. H; Fahr ... 7 (1): 20-4. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1958.7.20. PMID 13508992. Landau, I; Chavatte, J.M; Peters, W; Chabaud, A (2010). "The sub- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Plasmodium_species

doi:10.1089/thy.2006.16.949. PMID 17042677. S2CID 28515565. Rose SR, Brown RS, Foley T, Kaplowitz PB, Kaye CI, Sundararajan S, ... is characterized by infiltration of the thyroid gland with T lymphocytes and autoantibodies against specific thyroid antigens ... doi:10.1089/thy.2012.0205. PMID 22954017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-14. Retrieved 2013-12-25. Chakera AJ, ... doi:10.1089/thy.2011.0087. PMC 3472679. PMID 21787128. So M, MacIsaac RJ, Grossmann M (August 2012). "Hypothyroidism". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothyroidism

thy-1 membrane glycoprotein. Orthologs:. Homo sapiens (human) : THY1 (Thy-1 cell surface antigen) HGNC Alliance Mus musculus ( ... Thy-1 cell surface antigen. Description:. ENCODES a protein that exhibits enzyme binding (ortholog); INVOLVED IN cell-cell ... THY1 (Thy-1 cell surface antigen). HGNC. EggNOG, Ensembl, HomoloGene, Inparanoid, NCBI, OMA, OrthoDB, Panther, Treefam. ... Sus scrofa (pig) : THY1 (Thy-1 cell surface antigen) Chlorocebus sabaeus (African green monkey) : THY1 (Thy-1 cell surface ...

https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/report/gene/main.html?id=12307317

Role of Thy-1 in in vivo and in vitro neural development and regeneration of dorsal root ganglionic neurons. Chen, C.H., Wang, ... Thy-1 is a neuronal and glial surface antigen which interacts with matrix proteins and plasminogen activator. Liësi, P., ... Thy-1 regulates fibroblast focal adhesions, cytoskeletal organization and migration through modulation of p190 RhoGAP and Rho ... Thy-1 cDNA sequence suggests a novel regulatory mechanism. Moriuchi, T., Chang, H.C., Denome, R., Silver, J. Nature (1983) [ ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/24832.html

T helper cells in murine germinal centers are antigen-specific emigrants that downregulate Thy-1.. B Zheng, S Han, G Kelsoe ... T helper cells in murine germinal centers are antigen-specific emigrants that downregulate Thy-1. ... a differentiation antigen present on the great majority of peripheral murine T lymphocytes. The origin of CD4+ Thy-1 follicular ... These migrants constitute a unique set of T helper cells that express antigen-specific alpha beta TCR, CD3, and CD4, but little ...

http://jem.rupress.org/content/184/3/1083

1,2). Functional distinct subclasses of T lymphocytes differentiate within the thymic... ... van Ewijk W., Jenkinson E.J., van Soest P.L., Owen J.J.T. (1982) Detection of MHC, Thy-1, Lyt-1 And Lyt-2 Antigens in the ... These cells can be identified by virtue of the expression of Lyt antigens. Thus, T helper and T amplifier cells carry the Lyt-1 ... Detection of MHC, Thy-1, Lyt-1 And Lyt-2 Antigens in the Developing Mouse Thymus. ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-9066-4_33

A monoclonal antibody against mouse Thy-1.2 gave an essentially identical pattern of labelling. In both rats and mice Thy-1 was ... A monoclonal antibody against mouse Thy-1.2 gave an essentially identical pattern of labelling. In both rats and mice Thy-1 was ... A monoclonal antibody against mouse Thy-1.2 gave an essentially identical pattern of labelling. In both rats and mice Thy-1 was ... A monoclonal antibody against mouse Thy-1.2 gave an essentially identical pattern of labelling. In both rats and mice Thy-1 was ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/thy-1-antigen-a-ganglion-cell-specific-marker-in-rodent-retina

Thy-1 Antigens/genetics. *Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer/methods. Substance. *Thy-1 Antigens ... Ittner LM1, Götz J.. Author information. 1. Alzheimers & Parkinsons Disease Laboratory, Brain & Mind Research Institute, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17546016

... but different patterns of expression of the murine and human Thy-1 genes to map a number of tissue-specific enhancer elements ... Tissue-specific control elements of the Thy-1 gene EMBO J. 1990 Mar;9(3):833-40. ... We have exploited the structural homology, but different patterns of expression of the murine and human Thy-1 genes to map a ... Antigens, Surface / genetics* * Brain / metabolism * Chromosome Deletion * DNA / genetics * Enhancer Elements, Genetic* ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1968831/?dopt=Abstract

... Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008 ... Thy-1 gene expression is absent in Thy-1(-) human and rat fibroblasts despite intact Thy-1 genomic DNA. Cytosine-guanine ... Epigenetic regulation of Thy-1 is a novel and potentially reversible mechanism in fibrosis that may offer the possibility of ... RT-PCR and MSP demonstrate that, in IPF samples in which Thy-1 expression is absent, the Thy-1 promoter region is methylated, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18556592/?dopt=Abstract

Antigen Expression MAC-1 (CD11b) +; MAC-2 +; Fc receptor (FcR) +; Ly-5 +; Thy-1 -; Lyt-1 - ... Thy-1 -; Lyt-1 - ... esterase positive and they express macrophage Mac-1 antigens ... They are phagocytic, non-specific esterase positive and they express macrophage Mac-1 antigens and Fc receptors. ... MAC-1 (CD11b) +; MAC-2 +; Fc receptor (FcR) +; Ly-5 +; ...

https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/By_Tissue/Lung/CRL-2455.aspx?slp=1

Thy-1.2) Rat anti-Mouse, FITC, Clone: 30-H12, eBioscience 50 µg; 50 µg; FITC. ... antigen is a GPI linked glycoprotein member of the Immunoglobulin super family. It is expressed in murine T cells, thymocytes, ... Thy-1.2, Thy1.1, Thy1.2,Thy 1.2; thy-1 antigen; thy-1 membrane glycoprotein. ... Thy 1 may play a role in cell-cell or cell-ligand interactions during synaptogenesis and other events in the brain. ...

https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/cd90-2-thy-1-2-rat-anti-mouse-fitc-clone-30-h12-ebioscience-2/501129576?tab=document

0 (AC133 Antigen); 0 (Antigens, CD34); 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (PROM1 protein, human); 0 (Thy-1 Antigens). ... 0 (CD146 Antigen); 0 (MCAM protein, human); 0 (Thy-1 Antigens); 8L70Q75FXE (Adenosine Triphosphate). ... Ant genos Thy-1/gen tica. [Mh] Termos MeSH secund rio:. Animais. Biomarcadores/metabolismo. Contagem de C lulas. Diferencia o ... Ant genos Thy-1/metabolismo. [Pt] Tipo de publica o:. JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL; RESEARCH SUPPORT, ...

http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&nextAction=lnk&base=MEDLINE&lang=p&format=detailed.pft&indexSearch=EX&exprSearch=D12.776.395.550.050

Theta antigen. *Thy 1. *Thy 1 cell surface antigen. *Thy 1 membrane glycoprotein ... Thy-1 (~13kDa) + Fc fusion (~29.3kDa) = ~42kDa. Higher due to post-translational modifications given that Thy-1 is a ...

https://www.abcam.com/recombinant-human-cd90-thy1-protein-fc-chimera-ab157072.html

Theta antigen. *Thy 1. *Thy 1 cell surface antigen. *Thy 1 membrane glycoprotein ...

http://www.abcam.com/recombinant-human-cd90-thy1-protein-ab126017.html

Serially transplantable mammary epithelial cells express the Thy-1 antigen Recent studies in murine mammary tissue have ... After the publication of this article [1], we noticed that in Fig. 2, the survival curve images (C and D, lower panel) were ... Early analyses of human breast cancer identified high expression of the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) ... Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported a typesetting error in the spelling of the second ...

https://breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com/articles?tab=keyword

Thy-1.2, found in the C3HeB/Fe and many other strains (J:5243, J:5012, J:4469). The Thy1 antigen is probably present on all T ... The Thy1 locus determines a surface antigen present on cells of the thymus, a number of mouse leukemias, brain, and in lesser ... The allele Thy1a determines an antigenic specificity, Thy-1.1, found in the AKR and RF strains; the allele Thy1b determines an ... The Thy1 locus determines a surface antigen present on cells of the thymus, a number of mouse leukemias, brain, and in lesser ...

https://www.jax.org/strain/000406

PSCA gene is a member of LY-6/Thy-1 family of cell surface antigens, and PSCA protein was reported as a cell surface marker ... Human Ly-6 antigen E48 (Ly-6D) regulates important interaction parameters between endothelial cells and head-and-neck squamous ... The PSCA gene is located on chromosome 8q24.2, encoding a 123-amino acid glycoprotein, a cell surface antigen [8]. PSCA gene ... Prostate stem cell antigen is an endogenous lynx1-like prototoxin that antagonizes alpha7-containing nicotinic receptors and ...

https://portlandpress.com/bioscirep/article/39/9/BSR20181025/220398/Impact-of-PSCA-gene-polymorphisms-in-modulating

Heterogeneity of mouse Thy 1.2 antigen expression revealed by monoclonal antibodies.. Del Guercio P, Motta I, Metezeau P, ... The activation of protein kinase C is not necessary for the monoclonal antibody-induced modulation of CD3 and CD4 antigens. ... The gene for catalase is assigned between the antigen loci MIC4 and MIC11. ... Purification of chromosomes X and ISO-1 from cell lines with Robertsonian translocations. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Metezeau+P%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50

... thymus cell antigen 1, theta) promoter. Mice hemizygous for this transgene are viable and fertile and do not display any gross ... The transgene expresses the mouse Snca (synuclein, alpha) gene under the control of a human THY1 (thymus cell antigen 1, theta ... THY1, Thy-1 cell surface antigen, human. Expressed Gene. Snca, synuclein, alpha, mouse, laboratory. ... thymus cell antigen 1, theta) promoter. Mice hemizygous for this transgene are viable and fertile and do not display any gross ...

https://www.jax.org/strain/008132

Thy-1 Cell Surface Antigen. Protein Coding. 43. GC11M119417. 0.86. 28. ALG9 ALG9 Alpha-1,2-Mannosyltransferase. Protein Coding ... 1 3 4 5 6 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... RNA Binding Protein With Serine Rich Domain 1. Protein Coding. ... TRAF3 Interacting Protein 1. Protein Coding. 39. GC02P238320. 0.86. 46. AP4E1 Adaptor Related Protein Complex 4 Subunit Epsilon ... Splicing Factor 3a Subunit 1. Protein Coding. 40. GC22M030331. 0.86. 40. POLR3K RNA Polymerase III Subunit K. Protein Coding. ...

https://www.genecards.org/Search/Keyword/?queryString=%22hsa-miR-6729-5p%22&startPage=1

T cells primed to conventional antigen in the systemic compartment and T cells with ill-defined reactivities and origins, whose ... Limited diversity of γ δ antigen receptor genes of Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells. Cell 55, 837-847 (1988). ... Havran, W., Chien, Y. & Allison, J. Recognition of self antigens by skin derived T cells with invariant γδ antigen receptors. ... Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells express T3 antigen and the T-cell receptor γ chain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 84, 4586-4590 ( ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/ni1101-997?error=cookies_not_supported&code=db2f95e2-d8fd-4d16-af76-491c80ce0db9

Directed against the Thy 1.1 antigenic determinant which is a monomorphic determinant within rat strains but polymorphic in the ... FAQs for CD90/Thy1 Antibody (NB200-529PE). (Showing 1 - 1 of 1 FAQ).. * We are interested in CD90 antibodies that could react ...

https://www.novusbio.com/products/cd90-thy1-antibody-2q1792_nb200-529pe

SCID-hu Thy/Liv Mouse Model.. Homozygous C.B-17 scid/scid mice were implanted with human fetal thymus and liver as described ( ... 4). No p24 antigen was detected in the implants of the seven mice treated with 30 mg/kg per day of SCH-C, and viral RNA was ... Antiviral Activity of SCH-C in SCID-hu Thy/Liv Mice.. The in vivo antiviral potency of SCH-C was investigated in the SCID-hu ... We therefore used the SCID-hu Thy/Liv mouse model because this has previously proven to be useful for the evaluation of ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/98/22/12718?ijkey=02263bb362ba04c13eccb11b395309d02e9f24cd&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Barker TH, Grenett HE, MacEwen MW, Tilden SG, Fuller GM, Settleman J, Woods A, Murphy-Ullrich J, Hagood JS: Thy-1 regulates ... Rege TA, Hagood JS: Thy-1 as a regulator of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in axon regeneration, apoptosis, adhesion, ... and Thy-1, which mediates fibroblastic adhesion [51] and is Thbs1 expression-dependent [52]. On the other hand, DEHP effects ... 1997, 379 (Suppl 1): S195-View ArticleGoogle Scholar. *. James NH, Roberts RA: Species differences in response to peroxisome ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-12-524

... and Thy-1 cell surface antigen (THY1; retinal ganglion cell-specific) was evaluated. Additionally a subset of samples was ... Miranda L. Scalabrino1, Julie Lynch Hill4, Daniel T. Kasuga4, C. Douglas Witherspoon4, Sanford L. Boye1, Paul D. Gamlin3† and ... FIGURE 1. Figure 1. Details of tissue processing from OD and OS eyes of animal AV263. Anterior segment and vitreous were ... 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. *2Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2016.00551/full

Thy-1.2) Monoclonal (53-2.1), eBioscience™, Catalog # 48-0902-82. Tested in Flow Cytometry (Flow) applications. This antibody ... Figure 5 MSR vaccine generates potent humoral and cellular immune responses against a model antigen, OVA (a,b) ELISA analysis ... Protein Aliases: CD90; FLJ33325; Thy 1.2; Thy-1 antigen; Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein ... Thy 1 may play a role in cell-cell or cell-ligand interactions during synaptogenesis and other events in the brain. CD90.2 is ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/antibody/product/CD90-2-Thy-1-2-Antibody-clone-53-2-1-Monoclonal/48-0902-82

Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a prostate-specific gene with 30% homology to stem cell antigen 2, a member of the Thy-1/ ... stem cell antigen 2;. PLC,. phospholipase C;. PSCA,. prostate stem cell antigen;. GPI,. glycosylphosphatidylinositol. ... prostate-specific antigen;. PSMA,. prostate-specific membrane antigen;. RDA,. representational difference analysis;. RT-PCR,. ... nucleotide homology with stem cell antigen 2 (SCA-2), a member of the Thy-1/Ly-6 superfamily of GPI-anchored cell surface ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/95/4/1735?ijkey=6fec0b4f31c0cbac47904579c93af963e9ad6807&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

24.1D5 and 5.1H11, and rabbit anti-Thy-1 and rabbit anti-N-CAM. The chosen test systems were cell cultures of human muscle that ... Walsh F.S., Moore S.E., Nayak R. (1985) Differential Expression of Cell-Surface Antigens on Muscle Satellite Cells and ... We have produced a panel of antibodies (Abs) that define muscle differentiation antigens in an attempt to produce antigenic ... Differential Expression of Cell-Surface Antigens on Muscle Satellite Cells and Myoblasts. ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-5006-4_21

The following proangiogenic factors were examined: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1 ... Chen, X.D.; Qian, H.Y.; Neff, L.; Satomura, K.; Horowitz, M.C. Thy-1 antigen expression by cells in the osteoblast lineage. J. ... Figure 1. Representative Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) micrographs of non-coated (A,B) and polycaprolactone ... Figure 1. Representative Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) micrographs of non-coated (A,B) and polycaprolactone ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/16/4/7478/htm

Reif, A. E., and Allen, J. M. (1964b). The Akr thymic antigen and its distribution in leukemias and nervous tissues. J. Exp. ... Thy-1/CD90 was first identified in 1964 on mouse T lymphocytes (Reif and Allen, 1964a,b) and then on rat thymocytes and neural ... 2004). CD90/Thy-1 is preferentially expressed on blast cells of high risk acute myeloid leukaemias. Br. J. Haematol. 125, 203- ... CD90/Thy-1, a Cancer-Associated Cell Surface Signaling Molecule. Chloé Sauzay1,2, Konstantinos Voutetakis3,4, Aristotelis ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2019.00066/full

Limited diversity of [gamma][delta] antigen receptor genes of thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells. Cell. 55:837-847. doi:10.1016/ ... Recognition of self antigens by skin-derived T cells with invariant gamma delta antigen receptors. Science. 252:1430-1432. doi: ... Thymus-independent generation of Thy-1+ epidermal cells from a pool of Thy-1- bone marrow precursors. J. Invest. Dermatol. 95: ... Thymic selection determines gammadelta T cell effector fate: antigen-naive cells make interleukin-17 and antigen-experienced ...

http://jem.rupress.org/content/208/3/505

CD90 (Thy 1) antigen is a GPI linked glycoprotein member of the Immunoglobulin super family. (fishersci.com)
This accelerated growth rate correlates with the re-appearance of CD90/Thy MSCs and re-establishment of their contribution to cell differentiation. (bireme.br)
Thy-1 or CD90 (Cluster of Differentiation 90) is a 25-37 kDa heavily N-glycosylated, glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored conserved cell surface protein with a single V-like immunoglobulin domain, originally discovered as a thymocyte antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Clone REA897 recognizes the human CD90 antigen, which is a 25-35 kD GPI-anchored protein of the Ig superfamily. (miltenyibiotec.com)
CD90, also known as Thy-1, is involved in regulation of adhesion and signal transduction of T cells. (miltenyibiotec.com)
CD90 (Thy1) antigen is a GPI linked glycoprotein member of the Immunoglobulin superfamily. (genetex.com)
The 5E10 antibody reacts with CD90 (Thy-1), a GPI-linked membrane glycoprotein that is N-glycosylated at two sites, giving rise to 25 - 37 kDa molecules. (stemcell.com)
There are currently no references for CD90 antibody [F15-42-1] (Azide free) (GTX76612) . (genetex.com)
The human CD90 antigen (also known as Thy-1) is the smallest (18 kDa) member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily (IgSF). (beckman.com)
The G7 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with mouse CD90, also known as thymus cell antigen-1 (Thy-1). (peprotech.com)
CD90, also known as Thy‑1 cell surface antigen, is located on human chromosome 11q23.3, and encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‑linked cell surface glycoprotein. (spandidos-publications.com)
PI3K, PDK1, phosphorylated‑AKT‑Ser473, HIF‑1α, MDM2 and SIRT1 levels were upregulated in CD90‑overexpressing AGS cells, compared with AGS cells transfected with the empty vector. (spandidos-publications.com)

The Thy1 locus determines a surface antigen present on cells of the thymus, a number of mouse leukemias, brain, and in lesser amounts on lymph node and spleen cells. (jax.org)
the allele Thy1 b determines an antigenic specificity, Thy-1.2, found in the C3HeB/Fe and many other strains (J:5243, J:5012, J:4469). (jax.org)
The Thy1 antigen is probably present on all T lymphocytes and absent from all B lymphocytes, and it thus serves as a valuable T-cell marker (J:5243). (jax.org)
M1m transgenic mice overexpress wildtype mouse Snca (synuclein, alpha) cDNA under the control of a mouse Thy1 (thymus cell antigen 1, theta) promoter. (jax.org)
This transgenic strain carries the wildtype mouse Snca (synuclein, alpha) cDNA under the control of a mouse Thy1 (thymus cell antigen 1, theta) promoter. (jax.org)
The transgene expresses the mouse Snca (synuclein, alpha) gene under the control of a human THY1 (thymus cell antigen 1, theta) promoter. (jax.org)
The 162aa (murine, 161 for human) Thy1 precursor has 19 amino acid (aa 1-19) signal sequence and 31 amino acid (aa 132-162) C-terminal transmembrane domain that is present in pro form but removed when transferring the 112 amino acid (aa 20-131) mature peptide to GPI anchor which would attach through the aa 131. (wikipedia.org)
There have been some reports of Thy1 monoclonal antibodies cross reacting with some cytoskeletal elements: anti Thy-1.2 with actin in marsupial, murine, and human cells and anti Thy-1.1 with vimentin, and were suggested to be due to sequence homology by studies done more than 20 years back. (wikipedia.org)
MBS2883482 is a ready-to-use microwell, strip plate Sandwich ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) Kit for analyzing the presence of the Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein (THY1) ELISA Kit target analytes in biological samples. (mybiosource.com)
The ELISA analytical biochemical technique of the MBS2883482 kit is based on THY1 antibody-THY1 antigen interactions (immunosorbency) and an HRP colorimetric detection system to detect THY1 antigen targets in samples. (mybiosource.com)

Investigators at the National Institute on Aging compared wild type mice with specially bred mice that were transgenic for the A53T mutation of the human α-synuclein (SNCA) gene under the control of a human thymus cell antigen 1, theta (THY-1) promoter. (medindia.net)
Colocalization of IAP-1, XIAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and Thymus cell antigen-1 (Thy-1) suggested that IAP-1 was colocalized mostly with Thy-1 and XIAP with glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ONs. (molvis.org)

A monoclonal antibody against mouse Thy-1.2 gave an essentially identical pattern of labelling. (elsevier.com)
Description: The 30-H12 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse CD90.2, also known as Thy-1.2, a GPI-linked membrane molecule. (fishersci.com)
The following product was used in this experiment: CD90.2 (Thy-1.2) Monoclonal Antibody (53-2.1), eFluor 450, eBioscience™ from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 48-0902-82, RRID AB_1272200. (thermofisher.com)
Antibody‐secreting clones were found to be specific for Thy‐1 by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western transfer and immunoblotting. (deepdyve.com)
1. An isolated polynucleotide encoding a humanized antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ. (google.co.uk)
NO:7 and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, wherein said humanized antibody binds prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), and wherein administration of said humanized antibody to a subject diagnosed with prostate cancer decreases tumor growth to a greater extent than treatment with the murine 1G8 monoclonal antibody. (google.co.uk)
Increases in the antigens recognized by BA-2 (detecting leukemia-associated antigen), anti-Thy-1, and antibody 390 (Thy-1 antigen) were found in "differentiated cells," while those detected by BA-1 (B-cell-associated antigen) and J-5 (CALLA) were unchanged. (aacrjournals.org)
Principle of the Assay: The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to target antigen. (mybiosource.com)
Standards or samples are then added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells with a biotin-conjugated antibody preparation specific for target antigen and then avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. (mybiosource.com)
Only those wells that contain target antigen, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. (mybiosource.com)
8. The method of claim 1 which further comprises administering an antibody or an active fragment thereof to the subject. (google.com)
This antibody identified a unique fetal antigen, which is expressed exclusively on embryonic thymocytes of all strains tested. (rupress.org)
The following antibody was used in this experiment: CD90.1 (Thy-1.1) Monoclonal Antibody (HIS51), Super Bright 645, eBioscience™ from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 64-0900-82, RRID AB_2717097. (thermofisher.com)

The PSCA gene is located on chromosome 8q24.2, encoding a 123-amino acid glycoprotein, a cell surface antigen [ 8 ]. (portlandpress.com)
Higher due to post-translational modifications given that Thy-1 is a glycoprotein. (abcam.com)
Rat brain Thy‐1 glycoprotein. (deepdyve.com)
On sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis the glycoprotein was very similar to the Thy-1 from thymocytes that binds to lentil lectin. (portlandpress.com)
cell surface glycoprotein antigen [RGD, Feb 2006]. (origene.com)
Thy-1 is a phosphatidylinositol glycoprotein with a relative molecular weight of 25000~37000 Da, which is expressed in almost all types of fibroblasts and regulates many biological functions. (minervamedica.it)

Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt. (novusbio.com)
Jeffrey, P.L. 1986-01-01 00:00:00 A panel of monoclonal antibodies has been raised to Thy‐1 purified from chicken brain. (deepdyve.com)
These monoclonal antibodies have been used to examine the development and distribution of Thy‐1 in the central nervous system of the chicken. (deepdyve.com)
We have produced a panel of antibodies (Ab's) that define muscle differentiation antigens in an attempt to produce antigenic markers for each of the main muscle-cell lineages. (springer.com)
Each reticular frameworks in the lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues had specific antigens to react with the corresponded monoclonal antibodies which were recently produced in our laboratory. (nii.ac.jp)
The expression of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) on a human neuroblastoma cell line, SJ-N-CG, was demonstrated by indirect membrane immunofluorescence, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and quantitative absorption, using two monoclonal antibodies (J-5 and BA-3) directed against CALLA. (aacrjournals.org)
Changes in cell surface membrane antigens associated with morphological differentiation were studied by indirect immunofluorescence and complement-dependent cytotoxicity using a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies. (aacrjournals.org)
Ledbetter, J. A. and Herzenberg, L. A. (1979) Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens. (miltenyibiotec.com)
For most of these antibodies, the respective antigens to be used as controls or blocking peptides as well as control lysates from tissues and cell lines are also available upon request! (promokine.info)
The capsules are injected into an experimental animal where antigen passing through the pores of the capsule membrane induces lymphocytes to produce antibodies complementary to the antigen. (google.com)
Considering that HIV-1 can utilize free virus and cell-cell transmission to infect, the efficacy of neutralizing antibodies in vivo may depend on their ability to block both pathways. (prolekare.cz)
Recently identified highly potent broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies (bnAbs) are considered as lead components for vaccines and immunotherapeutics (reviewed in [ 1 - 5 ]) and extensive characterization of these bnAbs in vitro and in vivo is underway to select the most promising candidates [ 6 ]. (prolekare.cz)

These migrants constitute a unique set of T helper cells that express antigen-specific alpha beta TCR, CD3, and CD4, but little or no Thy-1, a differentiation antigen present on the great majority of peripheral murine T lymphocytes. (rupress.org)
It was originally named theta (θ) antigen, then Thy-1 (THYmocyte differentiation antigen 1) due to its prior identification in thymocytes (precursors of T cells in the thymus). (wikipedia.org)
However, the role of thymocyte differentiation antigen-1(thy-1) in post-PNX lung growth remains incompletely characterized. (minervamedica.it)

They are phagocytic, non-specific esterase positive and they express macrophage Mac-1 antigens and Fc receptors. (atcc.org)
Recognition of self antigens by skin-derived T cells with invariant γδ antigen receptors. (springer.com)
These results demonstrate that Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cell lines can express gamma delta T cell receptors in vitro and suggest that Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells express such receptors in vivo. (sciencemag.org)

explore the role of Transient Receptor Potential channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1) in T cells and its possible role in immunological disorders. (portlandpress.com)
One stage in the HIV-1 entry process that is a particularly plausible site for pharmacological intervention is the CD4-dependent interaction between HIV-1 gp120 and the CCR5 chemokine receptor, which serves as a viral coreceptor ( 12 - 16 ). (pnas.org)
Overexpression of the cardiac beta(2)-adrenergic receptor and expression of a beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-1 (betaARK1) inhibitor both increase myocardial contractility but have differential effects on susceptibility to ischemic injury. (duke.edu)
CD45 plays a critical role in T and B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation by dephosphorylating substrates including p56Lck, p59Fyn, and other Src family kinases. (biolegend.com)
Limited diversity of gamma/delta antigen receptor genes of Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells. (springer.com)
MD-1 is linked to CD14, a "danger receptor complex," and activation of this complex can regulate cell surface expression of CD80/CD86, which signal T cells. (jimmunol.org)
For example, a cell that has the receptor stem cell antigen -1, on its surface, is identified as Sca-1. (nih.gov)
In contrast, the antitransferrin receptor defined by B3/25 was inhibited, and expression of B7/21-defined la-like antigen was not induced. (aacrjournals.org)
1. A method of enhancing an immune response in a host, comprising administering to the host an A.sub.2a receptor antagonist in combination or alternation with a checkpoint inhibitor. (patents.com)
Thymic dendritic cells are negative for the stem cell antigen-2 (Sca-2), the B cell-specific form of CD45 (B220), the mouse macrophage markers Fc receptor and F4/80, and the granulocyte marker Gr-1. (wiley.com)
However, although they do not express the T cell markers Thy-1, CD2, CD3, CD4 and CD5, 20%-30% of dendritic cells are positive for the interleukin 2 receptor α chain (CD25), and about 30% express intermediate levels of CD8. (wiley.com)
As thymocytes move through the thymus, from triple negatives to single positives, they produce a T-cell antigen receptor (αβTCR) on their cell surface (Fig. 1 ). (asm.org)
Here, we show that low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which binds to multiple ligands through basic motifs, associates with PrP C during its endocytosis and is functionally required for this process. (biologists.org)
The N-terminal domain of PrP C binds to purified human LRP1 with nanomolar affinity, even in the presence of 1 μM of the LRP-specific chaperone, receptor-associated protein (RAP). (biologists.org)
3-6 Within this family are the L-selectin ligands GlyCAM-1 and CD34, 6 7 PSGL-1 8 and MAdCAM-1, 9 10 a counter receptor on high endothelial venules (HEV) in mucosal lymph nodes for L-selectin, and integrin α 4 β 7 . (bloodjournal.org)

In both rats and mice Thy-1 was also found on the vitreal surface of the inner limiting membrane in a pattern reminiscent ofthat formed by the Müller cell endfeet, although these cells do not express Thy-1. (elsevier.com)
CD90.2 is an 18 kDa plasma membrane antigen expressed by hematopoietic cells and neurons in all species studied, highly expressed in connective tissue, various fibroblast and stromal cell lines and lastly, by tumor endothelial cell lines. (thermofisher.com)
They were produced by immunization of Balb/c mice with a Thy‐1‐enriched (Sephacryl B) fraction of a lentil lectin‐positive fraction from solubilized brain membrane proteins. (deepdyve.com)
The molecule was recognized by its antigens, which could be solubilized from brain membrane with deoxycholate. (portlandpress.com)
Thy-1 is one of the most heavily glycosylated membrane proteins with a carbohydrate content up to 30% of its molecular mass. (wikipedia.org)
LRP1 is a massive protein (∼600 kDa) that is proteolytically nicked during biosynthesis to give two stably associated polypeptides: an 85-kDa membrane-spanning C-terminal fragment and a 515-kDa extracellular N-terminal chain ( Fig. 1 ). (biologists.org)

T helper cells in murine germinal centers are antigen-specific emigrants that downregulate Thy-1. (rupress.org)
We have exploited the structural homology, but different patterns of expression of the murine and human Thy-1 genes to map a number of tissue-specific enhancer elements in the genes. (nih.gov)
Klein, J. R. Ontogeny of the Thy-1-, Lyt-2 + murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte. (nature.com)
In the murine spleen, germinal centers are the anatomic sites for antigen-driven hypermutation and selection of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes. (duke.edu)
Thy-1 was discovered by Reif and Allen in 1964 during a search for heterologous antisera against mouse leukemia cells, and was demonstrated by them to be present on murine thymocytes, on T lymphocytes, and on neuronal cells. (wikipedia.org)
Thy-1 antigen-bearing dendritic cells populate murine epidermis. (springer.com)
Recognition of an epidermal stress antigen by murine γδ dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC). (springer.com)
The murine epidermis contains a subpopulation of bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that have a dendritic morphology and that express Thy-1 and T3 cell-surface antigens but not other markers (L3T4 or Lyt-2) characteristic of mature peripheral T lymphocytes. (sciencemag.org)
Antigen-induced murine B cell lymphomas. (elsevier.com)
A competition radioimmunoassay directed against the gp71 group-specific antigen of Friend leukemia virus has shown that there is a murine leukemia virus associated with these tumors, however, we have been unable to establish a causal relationship between the virus and this malignancy. (elsevier.com)
This is well exemplified by the molecular partners for the members of the selectin family, including the P-/E-/L-selectin ligand, PSGL-1, 8 29 30 and the L-selectin ligands, GlyCAM-1, 7 murine CD34, 31 32 and MAdCAM-1, 9 10 which all mediate a rapid proadhesive tethering of leukocytes to endothelia under conditions of flow. (bloodjournal.org)

CD45 is known as leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and T200. (biolegend.com)
1997. The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook Academic Press. (biolegend.com)
Evidence from cDNA clones that the rat leukocyte-common antigen (T200) spans the lipid bilayer and contains a cytoplasmic domain of 80,000 Mr". Cell. (wikipedia.org)
Dendritic cells displayed high forward and low-intermediate side angle scatter, and expressed high levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules, the heat-stable antigen (HSA), the adhesion molecules Pgp-1 (CD44), LFA-1, ICAM-1 and low levels of Mac-1 and the leukocyte common antigen CD45. (wiley.com)
This molecule was clustered as CD164 at the recent workshop on human leukocyte differentiation antigens. (bloodjournal.org)
Over the past 15 years, human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) has been clinically investigated as an alternative source of HSCs for allogeneic transplantation of patients lacking a human leukocyte antigen-matched marrow donor. (scielo.br)

Preclinical data have suggested PSCA as a potential target antigen for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. (hindawi.com)
Intended Uses: This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of target antigen concentrations in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (mybiosource.com)
The concentration of target antigen in the samples is then determined by comparing the O.D. of the samples to the standard curve. (mybiosource.com)

Moreover, SCH-C strongly inhibits the replication of an R5-using HIV-1 isolate in SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice. (pnas.org)
Klein, J. & Kagnoff, M. Nonspecific recruitment of cytoxic effector cells in the intestinal mucosa of antigen primed mice. (nature.com)
The discovery of Thy-1 in mice and humans led to the subsequent discovery of many other T cell markers, which is very significant to the field of immunology since T cells (along with B cells) are the major cellular components of the adaptive immune response. (wikipedia.org)
In mice, there are two alleles: Thy1.1 (Thy 1a, CD90.1) and Thy1.2 (Thy 1b, CD90.2). (wikipedia.org)
Thy 1.2 is expressed by most strains of mice, whereas Thy1.1 is expressed by some like AKR/J and PL mouse strains. (wikipedia.org)
Origin of Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells of adult mice from fetal thymic precursors. (springer.com)
When animals (mice, rats and cattle) were pretreated with Toxoplasma lysate antigens(TLA), lymphokines such as IFN,MAF,MIF,TOXO-GIF appeared in their blood and they showed a strong non-specific resistance. (nii.ac.jp)
The immunofluorescence studies and absorption tests showed that FT-1 antigen is not detectable on brain, liver, kidney, or lymphoid tissue cells of adult mice. (rupress.org)
By studying a strain of mice bred to overexpress α-synuclein via the Thy-1 promoter, scientists have found these mice develop many of the age-related progressive motor symptoms of PD and demonstrate changes in sleep and anxiety. (medindia.net)

These cells can be identified by virtue of the expression of Lyt antigens. (springer.com)
1 Laboratory of Gene Structure and Expression, National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK. (nih.gov)
Thy-1 gene expression is absent in Thy-1(-) human and rat fibroblasts despite intact Thy-1 genomic DNA. (nih.gov)
RT-PCR and MSP demonstrate that, in IPF samples in which Thy-1 expression is absent, the Thy-1 promoter region is methylated, whereas in lung samples retaining Thy-1 expression, the promoter region is unmethylated. (nih.gov)
Treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors restores Thy-1 expression in Thy-1(-) fibroblasts. (nih.gov)
The reduced expression of CCR5 due to heterozygosity for the defective CCR5-Δ32 allele is associated with a reduction in the rate of disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals ( 18 - 20 ). (pnas.org)
This expression of specific TCRs points toward functional specialization of these cells and suggests that they may react to a limited spectrum of antigens. (rupress.org)
Walsh F.S., Moore S.E., Nayak R. (1985) Differential Expression of Cell-Surface Antigens on Muscle Satellite Cells and Myoblasts. (springer.com)
Increased expression of OX2 on dendritic cells (DC) in vivo following preimmunization via the portal vein is also associated with elevated expression of MD-1. (jimmunol.org)
We have used antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to MD-1 to investigate the effect of inhibition of expression of MD-1 by DC on their function as allostimulatory cells. (jimmunol.org)
We also investigated by FACS analysis the cell surface expression of OX2, CD80, and CD86 on DC incubated with ODN-1 blocking MD-1 expression. (jimmunol.org)
Blocking MD-1 gene expression inhibits surface expression of CD80 and CD86, but not of OX2. (jimmunol.org)
By FACS, incubation of DC with anti-MD-1 Ab to promote capping eliminated cell surface expression of MD-1 and CD14 without altering DEC205, DC26, CD80, CD86, or OX2 expression. (jimmunol.org)
Kinetic studies on antigenic alterations showed that the expression of BA-2-defined antigen rose on Day 2 and remained at the same level until Day 10. (aacrjournals.org)
The changes of expression of some antigens on exposure of cells to dibutyryl adenosine 3′-5′-cyclic monophosphoric acid may enable us to have a greater understanding of the differentiation of neuroblastoma to a more mature ganglioneuroblastoma phenotype. (aacrjournals.org)
Modern array techniques are now being used to relate patterns of gene expression to both pathologic appearance and malignant behavior of breast cancer ( 1 , 2 ) and other cancers ( 3 - 5 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Gene expression analysis suggested luminal A to be the most common subtype for p.I157T carriers and CDH1 (cadherin 1) target genes to be significantly enriched among genes, whose expression differed between p.I157T and non-carrier tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
This study was conducted to determine whether elevated hydrostatic pressure alters mitochondrial structure, triggers release of the dynamin-related guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) optic atrophy type 1 (OPA1) or cytochrome C from mitochondria, alters OPA1 gene expression, and can directly induce apoptotic cell death in cultured retinal ganglion cell (RGC)-5 cells. (nih.gov)
The expression patterns of the prosurvival genes IAP-1 and XIAP differed between retinas and ONs of glaucomatous eyes: Both were upregulated in the retinas, but XIAP was downregulated in the ONs, while IAP-1 stayed unchanged. (molvis.org)

Contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. (abcam.com)
Structural study of Thy-1 led to the foundation of the Immunoglobulin superfamily, of which it is the smallest member, and led to some of the initial biochemical description and characterization of a vertebrate GPI anchor and also the first demonstration of tissue specific differential glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)
Both tumors lack the T cell-specific antigen (thy-1), but express cell surface immunoglobulin and the H-2K, H-2D, and Ia specificities determined by the H-2(a) haplotype. (elsevier.com)

In a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted in the Korean and Japanese populations, the prostate stem cell antigen ( PSCA ) gene polymorphisms were reported to be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer [ 7 ]. (portlandpress.com)
Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is expressed in the majority of prostate cancer patients, making it an ideal target for cancer immunotherapy. (google.co.uk)
Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a highly glycosylated cell surface protein which is overexpressed in several malignancies including prostate, pancreas, and urinary bladder cancers. (hindawi.com)
Prostate stem cell antigen is a cell surface antigen belonging to the Thy-1/Ly-6 family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored proteins [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

This is mostly due to the pioneering work of Mackaness, North and other investigators who have introduced L.monocytogenes to experimental immunology (summarized in 1). (springer.com)

The regulatory role of the thymus in the differentiation process of T lymphocytes has been well accepted (1,2). (springer.com)
Germinal centers (GCs) are the sites of antigen-driven V(D)J gene hypermutation and selection necessary for the generation of high affinity memory B lymphocytes. (duke.edu)
In these studies it has been shown that protective immunity depends on the interaction between specific T lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes (1-3). (springer.com)
A small proportion of the sIg+ B lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid organs [22% in spleen and 6% in lymph node (LN)] in rat carries the Thy-1 antigen. (rug.nl)

Clone REA1167 recognizes the mouse CD90.2 antigen, also known as Thy-1.2, which is expressed at high levels on thymocytes and peripheral T cells in lymphoid organs and blood as well as on retinal ganglion cells. (miltenyibiotec.com)
In this study we investigated the kinetic behavior of Thy-1+ and Thy-1- B cells in various lymphoid tissues. (rug.nl)
4. The method of claim 1 in which the irradiation is total lymphoid irradiation. (google.com)
Although baboon peripheral blood lymphoid cells are susceptible to non-productive infection with HIV-1 in vitro, repeated inoculations of HIV-1 in vivo failed to result in signs or symptoms of infection during more than three years of observation (McClure et al. (google.com)
These cells are defined by their ability to self-renew as well as to differentiate into committed progenitors of the different myeloid and lymphoid compartments generating all of the blood cell lineages (1). (scielo.br)

Thy-1, like many other GPI anchored proteins can be shed by special types of Phospholipase C e.g. (wikipedia.org)
They accumulate some of the specific marker proteins of myoepithelial cells in vivo, including type IV collagen, laminin, and Thy-1 antigen. (biomedsearch.com)
These results suggest a stepwise control of synthesis of myoepithelial cell marker proteins, and in the case of p9Ka and Thy-1 antigen, this altered control may arise through their possession of novel transcriptional promoters. (biomedsearch.com)
FCT region genes of Streptococcus pyogenes encode surface proteins that include f ibronectin- and c ollagen-binding proteins and the serological markers known as T antigens, some of which give rise to pilus-like appendages. (asm.org)
The functional role of FCT region-encoded surface proteins in virulence and the role of T antigens in particular have not been well studied using in vivo models of streptococcal disease. (asm.org)
The molecular relationships between FCT region surface proteins, pilus-like structures, and T antigens were characterized in depth, and the contributions of three FCT region-encoded surface proteins to virulence were evaluated in an animal model for superficial infection at the skin. (asm.org)
Here we show that the human protein ubiquilin 1 can interact with Mtb surface proteins and associate with Mtb that are present in the host cell cytosol. (prolekare.cz)
Immunohistochemistry localized changes in inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP)-1 and X-linked IAP (XIAP) proteins in retinas and ONs. (molvis.org)

The origin of CD4+ Thy-1 follicular T cells appears to be the Thy+ population in the PALS, as both sets commonly share identical V(D)J rearrangements. (rupress.org)
Thus, T helper and T amplifier cells carry the Lyt-1 + , 2-, 3+ phenotype (Lyt-1 + cells), whereas suppressor and cytotoxic T cells carry the Lyt-1 - , 2 + , 3 + phenotype (Lyt-2,3 + cells). (springer.com)
Cantor and Boyse (3) have provided evidence that these cells originate from a precursor cell expressing the Lyt-1 + , 2 + , 3 + phenotype (Lyt-123 + cells). (springer.com)
This compound specifically inhibits HIV-1 infection mediated by CCR5 in U-87 astroglioma cells but has no effect on infection of CXCR4-expressing cells. (pnas.org)
The process of HIV-1 entry into target cells is an attractive target for antiviral intervention ( 5 - 7 ). (pnas.org)
Here, we consider that most IEL compartments comprise a variable mixture of two cell types: T cells primed to conventional antigen in the systemic compartment and T cells with ill-defined reactivities and origins, whose properties seem to place them mid-way between the adaptive and innate immune responses. (nature.com)
Interestingly, several studies have suggested that podocyte stem/progenitor cells exist in humans providing a possible explanation for the podocyte regeneration observed in several clinical and experimental situations [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Is Thy‐1 expressed only by ganglion cells and their axons in the retina and optic nerve? (deepdyve.com)
Thy-1 can be used as a marker for a variety of stem cells and for the axonal processes of mature neurons. (wikipedia.org)
The composition of Thy-1 carbohydrate moieties varies considerably between different tissues or even among cells of the same lineage at different stages of differentiation: e.g., galactosamine only in brain Thy-1, sialic acid in thymic Thy-1 in far excess than brain Thy-1, that too increasing in parallel with T cell maturation. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, a significant advance in our understanding of NK cell recognition has come from the realization that MHC class I molecules can protect target cells from lysis by NK cells ( 1 ). (jimmunol.org)
1%) of CD3+CD4+ T cells in human peripheral blood. (stemcell.com)
DETC-derived cytokines such as keratinocyte growth factor-1/2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 have also involved in regulating the processes of tissue repair, keratinocyte proliferation and survival, migration and recruitment of inflammatory cells. (springer.com)
Brandes M, Willimann K, Moser B. Professional antigen-presentation function by human γδ T cells. (springer.com)
T cells play a pivotal role in affinity maturation by selecting B cells to enter the germinal center (GC), regulating GC positive selection, and directing B cell differentiation to plasma cells and memory B cells ( 1 - 6 ). (sciencemag.org)
In agreement with previous reports ( 16 ), large numbers of antigen-specific T cells were found in the T cell zone 3 days after immunization with 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl-ovalbumin (NP-OVA). (sciencemag.org)
The peak cytosolic free Ca2+ was greater and occurred at higher concentrations of IL-1 and TNF in patient cells than in cells from age-matched controls. (jci.org)
In control cells, the Ca2+ transient diminished sharply with increasing amounts of IL-1 or TNF above the maximum stimulatory concentration. (jci.org)
Some fibroblastic cells external to these structures also bore Thy-1. (wikigenes.org)
DC incubated with ODN-1 to MD-1 did not stimulate IL-2 or IFN-γ production, but generated cells able to suppress, in a second culture of fresh DC plus allogeneic T cells, production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. (jimmunol.org)
Researchers now know that many different types of stem cells exist but they all are found in very small populations in the human body, in some cases 1 stem cell in 100,000 cells in circulating blood. (nih.gov)
1979. MHC restricted cytotoxic T cells: Studies on the biological role of polymorphic major transplantation antigens determining T-cell restriction-specificity, function and responsiveness. (springer.com)
Effector T cells are specific for Listeria antigen in association with H-2I region-coded self markers. (springer.com)
1979. Specific Lyt123 T cells are involved in protection against Listeria monocytogenes and in delayed-type hypersensitivity to listerial antigens. (springer.com)
1985. Effective antibacterial protection against Listeria monocytogenes and delayed-type hypersensitivity to listerial antigens depend on cooperation between specific L3T4+ and Lyt2+ T cells. (springer.com)
This antigen is expressed on a subset of CD34 positive cells from human bone marrow, cord blood or fetal liver. (beckman.com)
Altered levels of gene products are thought to be associated with the changed behavior of cancer cells ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
These Thy-1 + B cells represent newly formed bone marrow (BM) derived (or immature) B cells. (rug.nl)
In all tissues studied, the Thy-1+ B cells were rapidly renewed with a rate that varied between 58% (BM) and 22% (LN) per day. (rug.nl)
Virtually all Thy-1+ B cells were labeled by BrdU within a period of 8 - 16 days, indicating that all these cells are relatively short-lived. (rug.nl)
By contrast, the replacement of Thy-1- B cells in these tissues was 30 - 40 times lower, and ranged between 2.0 and 0.8% per day. (rug.nl)
In absolute numbers we estimate that 57 million Thy-1+ B cells are renewed per day in the BM whereas only 10 million Thy-1- B cells are replaced in the pool of long-lived peripheral B cells. (rug.nl)
Recent data on cell transplantation into animal models of degenerative diseases and injuries illustrated the feasibility of the use of adult stem cells for regenerative medicine [1-3]. (slideshare.net)
In order to broad- en the array of tools for cell-based autologous therapies, we iso- lated a novel renewable stem cell population from the adult testes that has characteristics of MSCs, termed gonadal stem cells (GSCs). (slideshare.net)
The accumulation of type IV collagen, laminin, Thy-1, and p9Ka occurs asynchronously along the pathway to the myoepitheliallike cells in vitro. (biomedsearch.com)
Therefore, cell-based therapy may require the development or isolation of HIV-1 resistant immune cells. (google.com)
Cells such as genetically modified cells, e.g., hybridoma, which secrete an antigenic substance are encapsulated within capsule membranes having pores of dimensions sufficient to permit efflux of the antigens secreted by the cells but insufficient to permit traverse of the cells. (google.com)
The αβTCR is believed to participate in an interaction with self-peptides associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens on the cell surface of epithelial cells, as well as dendritic cells and macrophages ( 29 , 49 ). (asm.org)
Developing thymocytes interact with cells of the thymic stroma to create a repertoire of mature T cells that recognize foreign antigens on the surface of self-cells when they exit the thymus. (asm.org)
On the other hand, Thy-1+ cells increase in inverse proportion. (rupress.org)
Blood cells are produced by the proliferation and differentiation of a very small population of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that also have the ability to replenish themselves by self-renewal (Figure 1). (stemcell.com)
1, 2 Various assay formats have been developed that differ in the choice of donor and host mouse strains, the method to ablate or suppress host hematopoiesis prior to donor cell transplantation, the detection methods used to identify the progeny of donor-derived stem cells, and the endpoints and criteria for "successful" engraftment. (stemcell.com)
About 1% of bone marrow cells express CD34, and generally less than 1% of these cells are CD38-negative. (scielo.br)

The 25-kDa core protein (excluding the heavy glycosylation) of rodent Thy-1 is 111 or 112 amino acids in length, and is N-glycosylated at three sites (In contrast to only two glycosylation sites for human Thy-1). (wikipedia.org)
Although it is an integral part of the T-antigen complex, the fibronectin-binding protein PrtF2 is not covalently linked to the FctA- and Cpa-containing heteropolymer derived from cell extracts. (asm.org)
The T6 protein and other FCT region gene products are anchored to the peptidoglycan cell wall via specialized sortases, whose genes also lie within the FCT region ( 1 , 2 ). (asm.org)
Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is a profoundly neurodegenerative disease of children caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1). (bireme.br)

Publications] A.Ueda et al: 'Thy-1 antigen dendritic cell and rejection of composite tissue limb allografts in rats' Transplantation. (nii.ac.jp)

RT-PCR, methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and bisulfite genomic sequencing were used to determine the methylation status of the Thy-1 promoter in Thy-1(+) and Thy-1(-) lung fibroblasts, and MSP-in situ hybridization (MSPISH) was performed on fibrotic tissue. (nih.gov)
Cytosine-guanine islands in the Thy-1 gene promoter are hypermethylated in Thy-1(-), but not Thy-1(+), fibroblasts. (nih.gov)
Ca2+ responses to interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor in cultured human skin fibroblasts. (jci.org)
To determine whether this disorder involves a genetically determined abnormal response to cytokines, the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-1 on intracellular free Ca2+ were compared in cultured skin fibroblasts from control subjects and patients with RS. (jci.org)

The overexpression of XIAP and IAP-1 genes in the retinas was not associated with similar changes in the ONs of glaucomatous eyes. (molvis.org)

For example, a special type of hematopoietic stem cell from blood and bone marrow called "side population" or "SP" is described as (CD34 -/low , c-Kit + , Sca-1 + ) [ 4 ]. (nih.gov)
19 At least four of these mucin-like molecules are expressed at high level on primitive human HPCs, including CD34, 20 21 CD43, 22 23 CD45RA, 24 and PSGL-1 (CD162). (bloodjournal.org)
Hence, the frequency of the CD34 + CD38 - population is about 1 in 10,000, or even lower. (scielo.br)

The Thy-1 glycoproteins are constituents of thymocytes and neurons and probably are involved in cell-cell interactions. (mybiosource.com)
Presently, the most scrutinized hypothesis proposes that thymocytes producing an αβTCR that binds tightly to self-peptide in association with MHC antigens are not allowed to mature. (asm.org)

His group was the first to discover that the proto-oncogene Bmi-1 regulates stem cell self-renewal via an epigenetic mechanism. (stanford.edu)

Affinity-dependent, antigen-driven B cell apoptosis in germinal centers as a mechanism for maintaining self-tolerance. (duke.edu)

Directed against the Thy 1.1 antigenic determinant which is a monomorphic determinant within rat strains but polymorphic in the mouse (positive to AKR strain, negative to CVA and BALB/c). (novusbio.com)
The gene encoding the T6 antigen, which is an antigenic target of a major serological typing scheme, maps to the FCT regions of some isolates, where it forms part of the pilus structure ( 5 , 28 , 34 ). (asm.org)

The Thy-1 gene is located at human chromosome 11q22.3 (mouse chromosome 9qA5.1). (wikipedia.org)
Human Thy-1 homolog maps to chromosome 11 because that is where T3D is found, in the mouse T3D and Thy-1 map to chromosome 9 along with certain other loci that are on human 11q. (mybiosource.com)
The search for an appropriate animal model for studying HIV infection has led to the recognition that most non-human primate species, including baboons, are naturally resistant to infection by HIV-1 (Morrow et al. (google.com)

Barnstable, C & Dräger, UC 1984, ' Thy-1 antigen: A ganglion cell specific marker in rodent retina ', Neuroscience , vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 847-855. (elsevier.com)
The antigen Thy-1 was the first T cell marker to be identified. (wikipedia.org)
Clone REA1167 reacts with the Thy-1.2 alloantigen, which is a pan-T cell marker for the most common inbred mouse strain. (miltenyibiotec.com)

It has been suggested that PSCA could act as both tumor suppressor and tumor promoting antigen based on tumor type, the microenvironment of the tumor, and the crosstalk between PSCA and other molecules [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)

CD45 has been reported to bind galectin-1 and to be associated with several other cell surface antigens including CD1, CD2, CD3, and CD4. (biolegend.com)
Thus OX2 and MD-1 are independent surface molecules on DC that may reciprocally regulate T cell stimulation. (jimmunol.org)

The present paper describes the characterization of the Thy-1 molecule from rat brain. (portlandpress.com)

It interacts with Thy-1 based on both the tissue distribution of its reactivity and the blocking of its binding by pretreatment with a rabbit anti-Thy-1 serum. (elsevier.com)

SCH-C has broad and potent antiviral activity in vitro against primary HIV-1 isolates that use CCR5 as their entry coreceptor, with mean 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging between 0.4 and 9 nM. (pnas.org)
Several inhibitors of CCR5-mediated HIV-1 entry have been shown to prevent R5 virus infection in vitro . (pnas.org)
Here we show that three classes of such trophic factors promote oligodendrocyte survival in vitro: (1) insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), (2) neurotrophins, particularly neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and (3) ciliary-neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). (biologists.org)

Two independently derived Thy-1+, L3T4-, and Lyt-2- dendritic cell lines of epidermal origin that express a T3-associated disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of a 34-kilodalton gamma-chain and 46-kilodalton partner (the delta chain) have now been identified. (sciencemag.org)

Curr Opin Immunol 18(1):31-38. (springer.com)

From an antiviral perspective, CCR5 is the coreceptor used by the most commonly transmitted HIV-1 strains, which predominate during the early stages of HIV-1 infection-the so-called macrophage-tropic viruses (now designated R5 strains) ( 24 ). (pnas.org)
Our analysis of the cell-cell neutralization capacity of a large selection of bnAbs against a spectrum of HIV-1 strains revealed that while bnAbs showed an overall decreased activity during cell-cell transmission, losses varied substantially depending on bnAb and virus strain probed. (prolekare.cz)

We describe here the identification and properties of SCH-C (SCH 351125), a small molecule inhibitor of HIV-1 entry via the CCR5 coreceptor. (pnas.org)

MSPISH confirms methylation of the Thy-1 promoter in fibroblastic foci in IPF. (nih.gov)

Anatomy21

Organisms14

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs152

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Experimental induction of retinal ganglion cell death in adult mice. (1/841)

Gastrointestinal epithelium is an early extrathymic site for increased prevalence of CD34(+) progenitor cells in contrast to the thymus during primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection. (2/841)

Recapitulation of normal and abnormal BioBreeding rat T cell development in adult thymus organ culture. (3/841)

Maturation of the axonal plasma membrane requires upregulation of sphingomyelin synthesis and formation of protein-lipid complexes. (4/841)

Negative selection of immature B cells by receptor editing or deletion is determined by site of antigen encounter. (5/841)

Oligosaccharide analysis and molecular modeling of soluble forms of glycoproteins belonging to the Ly-6, scavenger receptor, and immunoglobulin superfamilies expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (6/841)

Cleavage of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor affects the reactivity of thy-1 with antibodies. (7/841)

Assessment of Thy-1 mRNA levels as an index of retinal ganglion cell damage. (8/841)

Antigens

Antigens, Bacterial

Antigens, Neoplasm

Antigens, Surface

Antigens, Viral

Antigens, Protozoan

Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming

HLA Antigens

Antigens, Fungal

Antigens, CD

Antigens, Helminth

H-2 Antigens

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

Antigens, Viral, Tumor

HLA-DR Antigens

Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

Histocompatibility Antigens

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

Histocompatibility Antigens Class II

Prostate-Specific Antigen

O Antigens

Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Epitopes

Antigens, CD15

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate

HLA-A2 Antigen

Antigens, CD8

T-Lymphocytes

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Immunoglobulin G

Blood Group Antigens

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens

Antigens, CD3

Cross Reactions

HLA-A Antigens

Histocompatibility Antigens Class I

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Lymphocyte Activation

HLA-D Antigens

Antibody Specificity

Molecular Sequence Data

Receptors, Antigen

Antigens, CD45

Hepatitis B Antigens

Antigens, CD4

Antigen-Antibody Reactions

Antigens, CD1

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Antibodies, Bacterial

Immune Sera

Antibody Formation

HLA-B Antigens

Antigens, Differentiation

Immunization

Cell Line

Amino Acid Sequence

B-Lymphocytes

MART-1 Antigen

HIV Antigens

Antigens, CD80

Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Antigens, CD19

Antigens, Heterophile

Hepatitis B Core Antigens

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Spleen

Antigens, CD40

Immunodiffusion

Autoantigens

Antibodies

Immunoglobulin M

Antigens, Thy-1

Forssman Antigen

Antigen-Antibody Complex

H-Y Antigen

Molecular Weight

Antigen-Presenting Cells

Base Sequence