Polyomavirus
Polyomavirus Infections
Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming
Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.
Merkel cell polyomavirus
BK Virus
Antigens, Viral, Tumor
JC Virus
A species of POLYOMAVIRUS, originally isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The patient's initials J.C. gave the virus its name. Infection is not accompanied by any apparent illness but serious demyelinating disease can appear later, probably following reactivation of latent virus.
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell
A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245)
Tumor Virus Infections
Antigens, Neoplasm
Antigens, Surface
Merkel Cells
Modified epidermal cells located in the stratum basale. They are found mostly in areas where sensory perception is acute, such as the fingertips. Merkel cells are closely associated with an expanded terminal bulb of an afferent myelinated nerve fiber. Do not confuse with Merkel's corpuscle which is a combination of a neuron and an epidermal cell.
Simian virus 40
Antigens, Protozoan
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal
An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)
HLA Antigens
Base Sequence
Antigens, CD
Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.
Antigens, Helminth
Polyomaviridae
Cell Transformation, Viral
Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Virus Replication
HLA-DR Antigens
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.
Amino Acid Sequence
Histocompatibility Antigens
A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection.
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen
Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.
Cross Reactions
Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.
Prostate-Specific Antigen
O Antigens
The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell
T-Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.
Cells, Cultured
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Enhancer Elements, Genetic
Urine
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Mutation
Antigens, CD15
Immunoglobulin G
Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate
Oncogene Proteins, Viral
Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)
Membrane-associated tyrosine-specific kinases encoded by the c-src genes. They have an important role in cellular growth control. Truncation of carboxy-terminal residues in pp60(c-src) leads to PP60(V-SRC) which has the ability to transform cells. This kinase pp60 c-src should not be confused with csk, also known as c-src kinase.
HLA-A2 Antigen
Antigens, CD8
3T3 Cells
Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.
Blood Group Antigens
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
Antigens, CD3
Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
A broad category of viral proteins that play indirect roles in the biological processes and activities of viruses. Included here are proteins that either regulate the expression of viral genes or are involved in modifying host cell functions. Many of the proteins in this category serve multiple functions.
Plasmids
HLA-A Antigens
Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.
Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Lymphocyte Activation
Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.
Transcription, Genetic
HLA-D Antigens
Human immune-response or Class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-D locus. They are extremely polymorphic families of glycopeptides, each consisting of two chains, alpha and beta. This group of antigens includes the -DR, -DQ and -DP designations, of which HLA-DR is most studied; some of these glycoproteins are associated with certain diseases, possibly of immune etiology.
Antibody Specificity
Receptors, Antigen
Antigens, CD45
High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.
Hepatitis B Antigens
Cloning, Molecular
Antigens, CD4
55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.
Viral Structural Proteins
Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Antigen-Antibody Reactions
Antigens, CD1
Immune Sera
Antibody Formation
Parrots
Binding Sites
HLA-B Antigens
Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.
DNA-Binding Proteins
Antigens, Differentiation
Immunization
Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).
Genetic Vectors
DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.
B-Lymphocytes
MART-1 Antigen
Virosomes
Semi-synthetic complex derived from nucleic-acid free viral particles. They are essentially reconstituted viral coats, where the infectious nucleocapsid is replaced by a compound of choice. Virosomes retain their fusogenic activity and thus deliver the incorporated compound (antigens, drugs, genes) inside the target cell. They can be used for vaccines (VACCINES, VIROSOME), drug delivery, or gene transfer.
Kidney
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Protein Binding
HIV Antigens
Virus Shedding
Antigens, CD80
A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CD28 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD80 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a costimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.
Receptors, Virus
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Rabbits
Immunocompromised Host
Cell Line, Transformed
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Antigens, CD19
Transcription Factor AP-2
Immunohistochemistry
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Virion
Fibroblasts
Transcription Factors
Psittaciformes
Antigens, Heterophile
Protein Phosphatase 2
A phosphoprotein phosphatase subtype that is comprised of a catalytic subunit and two different regulatory subunits. At least two genes encode isoforms of the protein phosphatase catalytic subunit, while several isoforms of regulatory subunits exist due to the presence of multiple genes and the alternative splicing of their mRNAs. Protein phosphatase 2 acts on a broad variety of cellular proteins and may play a role as a regulator of intracellular signaling processes.
Sensitivity and Specificity
Hepatitis B Core Antigens
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Interferon-gamma
The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Antigens, CD40
A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with specificity for CD40 LIGAND. It is found on mature B-LYMPHOCYTES and some EPITHELIAL CELLS, lymphoid DENDRITIC CELLS. Evidence suggests that CD40-dependent activation of B-cells is important for generation of memory B-cells within the germinal centers. Mutations of the gene for CD40 antigen result in HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 3. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.
Precipitin Tests
Immunodiffusion
Autoantigens
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Antibodies
Virus Assembly
Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase
DNA, Recombinant
Immunoglobulin M
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Antigens, Thy-1
Mice, Transgenic
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Forssman Antigen
Antigen-Antibody Complex
Recombination, Genetic
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Restriction Mapping
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid
Retinoblastoma Protein
Product of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene. It is a nuclear phosphoprotein hypothesized to normally act as an inhibitor of cell proliferation. Rb protein is absent in retinoblastoma cell lines. It also has been shown to form complexes with the adenovirus E1A protein, the SV40 T antigen, and the human papilloma virus E7 protein.
Genes, Regulator
H-Y Antigen
Spodoptera
Antigen-Presenting Cells
A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and B-LYMPHOCYTES. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS are not traditional antigen-presenting cells, but because they hold antigen on their cell surface in the form of IMMUNE COMPLEXES for B-cell recognition they are considered so by some authors.
Immunoblotting
Baculoviridae
Family of INSECT VIRUSES containing two subfamilies: Eubaculovirinae (occluded baculoviruses) and Nudibaculovirinae (nonoccluded baculoviruses). The Eubaculovirinae, which contain polyhedron-shaped inclusion bodies, have two genera: NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS and GRANULOVIRUS. Baculovirus vectors are used for expression of foreign genes in insects.
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Dendritic Cells
Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).
Papio ursinus
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).
Complement Fixation Tests
Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.
HLA-DQ Antigens
Flow Cytometry
Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.
Antigens, CD86
A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CD28 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD86 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a stimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.
Replication Origin
A unique DNA sequence of a replicon at which DNA REPLICATION is initiated and proceeds bidirectionally or unidirectionally. It contains the sites where the first separation of the complementary strands occurs, a primer RNA is synthesized, and the switch from primer RNA to DNA synthesis takes place. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Y-Box-Binding Protein 1
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.
Cockatoos
Clone Cells
A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Human topoisomerase I promotes initiation of simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro. (1/1802)
Addition of purified human topoisomerase I (topo I) to simian virus 40 T antigen-driven in vitro DNA replication reactions performed with topo I-deficient extracts results in a greater than 10-fold stimulation of completed molecules as well as a more than 3-fold enhancement of overall DNA replication. To further characterize this stimulation, we first demonstrate that bovine topo I but not Escherichia coli topo I can also enhance DNA replication. By using several human topo I mutants, we show that a catalytically active form of topo I is required. To delineate whether topo I influences the initiation or the elongation step of replication, we performed delayed pulse, pulse-chase, and delayed pulse-chase experiments. The results illustrate that topo I cannot promote the completion of partially replicated molecules but is needed from the beginning of the reaction to initiate replication. Competitive inhibition experiments with the topo I binding T antigen fragment 1-246T and a catalytically inactive topo I mutant suggest that part of topo I's stimulation of replication is mediated through a direct interaction with T antigen. Collectively, our data indicate that topo I enhances the synthesis of fully replicated DNA molecules by forming essential interactions with T antigen and stimulating initiation. (+info)Telomerase activity is sufficient to allow transformed cells to escape from crisis. (2/1802)
The introduction of simian virus 40 large T antigen (SVLT) into human primary cells enables them to proliferate beyond their normal replicative life span. In most cases, this temporary escape from senescence eventually ends in a second proliferative block known as "crisis," during which the cells cease growing or die. Rare immortalization events in which cells escape crisis are frequently correlated with the presence of telomerase activity. We tested the hypothesis that telomerase activation is the critical step in the immortalization process by studying the effects of telomerase activity in two mortal SVLT-Rasval12-transformed human pancreatic cell lines, TRM-6 and betalox5. The telomerase catalytic subunit, hTRT, was introduced into late-passage cells via retroviral gene transfer. Telomerase activity was successfully induced in infected cells, as demonstrated by a telomerase repeat amplification protocol assay. In each of nine independent infections, telomerase-positive cells formed rapidly dividing cell lines while control cells entered crisis. Telomere lengths initially increased, but telomeres were then maintained at their new lengths for at least 20 population doublings. These results demonstrate that telomerase activity is sufficient to enable transformed cells to escape crisis and that telomere elongation in these cells occurs in a tightly regulated manner. (+info)Different regulation of the p53 core domain activities 3'-to-5' exonuclease and sequence-specific DNA binding. (3/1802)
In this study we further characterized the 3'-5' exonuclease activity intrinsic to wild-type p53. We showed that this activity, like sequence-specific DNA binding, is mediated by the p53 core domain. Truncation of the C-terminal 30 amino acids of the p53 molecule enhanced the p53 exonuclease activity by at least 10-fold, indicating that this activity, like sequence-specific DNA binding, is negatively regulated by the C-terminal basic regulatory domain of p53. However, treatments which activated sequence-specific DNA binding of p53, like binding of the monoclonal antibody PAb421, which recognizes a C-terminal epitope on p53, or a higher phosphorylation status, strongly inhibited the p53 exonuclease activity. This suggests that at least on full-length p53, sequence-specific DNA binding and exonuclease activities are subject to different and seemingly opposing regulatory mechanisms. Following up the recent discovery in our laboratory that p53 recognizes and binds with high affinity to three-stranded DNA substrates mimicking early recombination intermediates (C. Dudenhoeffer, G. Rohaly, K. Will, W. Deppert, and L. Wiesmueller, Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:5332-5342), we asked whether such substrates might be degraded by the p53 exonuclease. Addition of Mg2+ ions to the binding assay indeed started the p53 exonuclease and promoted rapid degradation of the bound, but not of the unbound, substrate, indicating that specifically recognized targets can be subjected to exonucleolytic degradation by p53 under defined conditions. (+info)Association of simian virus 40 with a central nervous system lesion distinct from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in macaques with AIDS. (4/1802)
The primate polyomavirus SV40 is known to cause interstitial nephritis in primary infections and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) upon reactivation of a latent infection in SIV-infected macaques. We now describe a second central nervous system manifestation of SV40: a meningoencephalitis affecting cerebral gray matter, without demyelination, distinct from PML. Meningoencephalitis appears also to be a primary manifestation of SV40 infection and can be seen in conjunction with SV40-induced interstitial nephritis and pneumonitis. The difference in the lesions of meningoencephalitis and PML does not appear to be due to cellular tropism, as both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are infected in PML and meningoencephalitis, as determined by in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry for SV40 coupled with immunohistochemistry for cellular determinants. This is further supported by examination of SV40 nucleic acid sequences from the ori-enhancer and large-T-antigen regions, which reveals no tissue-or lesion-specific variation in SV40 sequences. (+info)A telomere-independent senescence mechanism is the sole barrier to Syrian hamster cell immortalization. (5/1802)
Reactivation of telomerase and stabilization of telomeres occur simultaneously during human cell immortalization in vitro and the vast majority of human cancers possess high levels of telomerase activity. Telomerase repression in human somatic cells may therefore have evolved as a powerful resistance mechanism against immortalization, clonal evolution and malignant progression. The comparative ease with which rodent cells immortalize in vitro suggests that they have less stringent controls over replicative senescence than human cells. Here, we report that Syrian hamster dermal fibroblasts possess substantial levels of telomerase activity throughout their culture life-span, even after growth arrest in senescence. In our studies, telomerase was also detected in uncultured newborn hamster skin, in several adult tissues, and in cultured fibroblasts induced to enter the post-mitotic state irreversibly by serum withdrawal. Transfection of near-senescent dermal fibroblasts with a selectable plasmid vector expressing the SV40 T-antigen gene resulted in high-frequency single-step immortalization without the crisis typically observed during the immortalization of human cells. Collectively, these data provide an explanation for the increased susceptibility of rodent cells to immortalization (and malignant transformation) compared with their human equivalents, and provide evidence for a novel, growth factor-sensitive, mammalian senescence mechanism unrelated to telomere maintenance. (+info)The introduction of dominant-negative p53 mutants suppresses temperature shift-induced senescence in immortal human fibroblasts expressing a thermolabile SV40 large T antigen. (6/1802)
Immortal human fibroblasts, SVts8 cells, which express a heat-labile SV40 large T antigen, induces a senescence-like phenomenon in response to upward shift in temperature. Cells with arrested division show strong induction of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase. We examined how p53 and pRB are involved in this phenomenon since they are major targets of the T antigen. Transfection of cells with plasmids encoding the wild-type T antigen or human papilloma virus type 16 E6/E7 proteins completely abolished the arrest in cell division, a plasmid encoding the E6 protein suppressed it markedly, while a plasmid encoding E7 had no effect. Plasmids encoding dominant-negative p53 mutants also suppressed the arrest in cell division to various degrees. Upon temperature shift, p21 mRNA was upregulated 10-fold in SVts8 cells, but only slightly in clones expressing the wild-type T antigen or dominant-negative p53 mutants. These data demonstrate that p53 plays a major role in this senescence-like phenomenon. (+info)Overexpression of D-type cyclins, E2F-1, SV40 large T antigen and HPV16 E7 rescue cell cycle arrest of tsBN462 cells caused by the CCG1/TAF(II)250 mutation. (7/1802)
tsBN462 cells, which have a point mutation in CCG1/TAF(II)250, a component of TFIID complex, arrest in G1 at the nonpermissive temperature of 39.5 degrees C. Overexpression of D-type cyclins rescued the cell cycle arrest of tsBN462 cells, suggesting that the cell cycle arrest was through Rb. Consistent with this, overexpression of E2F-1, whose function is repressed by the hypophosphorylated form of Rb, also rescued the cell cycle arrest. Moreover, expression of the viral oncoproteins SV40 large T antigen and HPV16 E7, which both bind Rb and inactivate its function, rescued the cell cycle arrest, whereas HPV16 E6 did not. Mutation of the Rb-binding motif in E7 abrogated its ability to rescue the cell cycle arrest. Expression of exogenous cyclin D1, SV40 large T antigen or CCG1/TAF(II)250 increased cyclin A expression at 39.5 degrees C. Coexpression of HPV16 E7 and adenovirus E1b19K, which blocks apoptosis, rescued the proliferation of tsBN462 cells at 38.5 degrees C. To investigate the mechanism underlying the lack of cyclin D1 expression, deletion analysis of cyclin D1 promoter was performed. The 0.15 kbp cyclin D1 core promoter region, which lacks any transcription factor binding motifs, still exhibited a temperature-sensitive phenotype in tsBN462 cells suggesting that CCG1/TAF(II)250 is critical for the function of the cyclin D1 core promoter. (+info)Concerted expression of BK virus large T- and small t-antigens strongly enhances oestrogen receptor-mediated transcription. (8/1802)
Previous studies have shown that the human polyomavirus BK (BKV) genome contains an oestrogen response element (ERE). This isolated element binds its cognate receptor in vitro and can mediate 17beta-oestradiol-induced gene expression when linked to a heterologous promoter. The roles of the ERE- and the AP-1-binding sites in oestrogen receptor-directed transcription from the complete BKV promoter/enhancer (Dunlop strain) have been examined and the effects of the general co-activator CBP and large T- and small t-antigens on oestrogen receptor-mediated transcription have been investigated. A constitutive activated oestrogen receptor stimulated BKV promoter activity in HeLa cells. Mutations in either the ERE- or the AP-1-binding sites did not impair oestrogen receptor-induced activation of the BKV Dunlop promoter, while mutations in both binding motifs almost completely abolished oestrogen receptor-induced transcription. Simultaneous expression of large T- and small t-antigens strongly activated oestrogen receptor-mediated transcription. When expressed separately, only large T-antigen moderately stimulated oestrogen receptor-mediated transcription. The stimulatory effect of large T-antigen on the activity of the oestrogen receptor is probably indirect because no physical interaction between the two proteins was detected in a two-hybrid assay. Large T-antigen abrogated the synergistic effect on transcription between this nuclear receptor and the general co-activator CBP. The findings that the BKV early proteins amplify oestrogen receptor-mediated transcription may have important biological implications in individuals with raised oestrogen concentrations. (+info)
Development, progression, and androgen-dependence of prostate tumors in probasin-large T antigen transgenic mice: a model for...
Constitutive activation of Stat3 in fibroblasts transformed by diverse oncoproteins and in breast carcinoma cells -- Garcia et...
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Comparisons of the Polyomavirus Small T Antigens Demonstrate Novel Regulatory Pathways in Apoptosis and DIfferentiation. -...
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Dimers and complexes with p53 are the prevalent oligomeric forms of a transforming nonkaryophilic T antigen of simian virus 40....
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Overlapping and Divergent Actions of Estrogen and the Neurotrophins on Cell Fate and p53-Dependent Signal Transduction in...
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Further characterisation of the complex containing middle T antigen and pp60.<...
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Progression to malignancy in the polyoma middle T oncoprotein mouse breast cancer model provides a reliable model for human...
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The yeast two-hybrid system reveals no interaction between p73 alpha and SV40 large T-antigen
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Expression of a homologously recombined erythopoietin-SV40 T antigen fusion gene in mouse liver: evidence for erythropoietin...
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Index of biochemistry articles
... polyomavirus transforming antigen - polypeptide - polysaccharide - porphyrin - Posttranslational modification - potassium - ... transforming growth factor - transforming growth factor alpha - transforming growth factor beta - transforming growth factor ... CD4 antigen - CD45 antigen - CD95 antigen - CDC28 protein kinase - cell - cell adhesion molecule - Cell biology - cell cycle ... T-cell antigen receptors - tachykinin - tachykinin receptor - talin protein - tandem repeat sequence - taste bud - TATA box - ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.776)
... antigens, polyomavirus transforming MeSH D12.776.624.664.520.420 - papillomavirus e7 proteins MeSH D12.776.624.664.520.750 - ... antigen, b-cell MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.950.500 - antigens, cd79 MeSH D12.776.377.715.647.100 - alpha-macroglobulins See List ... transforming growth factor beta MeSH D12.776.467.374.440.890 - interferon type i MeSH D12.776.467.374.440.890.125 - interferon ... antigen-antibody complex MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.301 - antitoxins MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.301.138 - antivenins MeSH ...
List of MeSH codes (D23)
... antigens, polyomavirus transforming MeSH D23.050.327.150 - deltaretrovirus antigens MeSH D23.050.327.150.500 - htlv-i antigens ... antigens, polyomavirus transforming MeSH D23.050.285.329 - carcinoembryonic antigen MeSH D23.050.285.550 - neprilysin MeSH ... antigens, cd15 MeSH D23.101.100.900.131 - antigens, cd31 MeSH D23.101.100.920 - antigens, ly MeSH D23.101.100.930 - antigens, ... forssman antigen MeSH D23.050.285.018 - antigens, cd24 MeSH D23.050.285.025 - antigens, cd30 MeSH D23.050.285.040 - antigens, ...
Polyomaviridae
Unlike for SV40, the MCV small T antigen directly transforms rodent cells in vitro. The middle tumor antigen is used in model ... Lyon IARC polyomavirus is related to raccoon polyomavirus. The following 14 polyomaviruses with human hosts had been identified ... These include the sea otter polyomavirus 1 and Alpaca polyomavirus Another virus is the giant panda polyomavirus 1. Another ... "Discovery of STL polyomavirus, a polyomavirus of ancestral recombinant origin that encodes a unique T antigen by alternative ...
Merkel cell polyomavirus
Unlike for other polyomaviruses, MCV sT antigen transforms cells in vitro by activating cap-dependent translation. MCV also ... MCV T antigen has similar features to the T antigens of other polyomaviruses, which are known oncoproteins, and is expressed in ... genome and encodes characteristic polyomavirus genes from opposite strands including a large T antigen, a small T antigen (LT ... Shuda M, Kwun HJ, Feng H, Chang Y, Moore PS (September 2011). "Human Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen is an oncoprotein ...
Kimberly W. Anderson
"The specific interaction of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein, pp60src, with two cellular proteins." Cell 25.2 (1981 ... "Identification of a transformation-specific antigen induced by an avian sarcoma virus." Nature 269.5626 (1977): 346-8. Brugge, ... "Enhancement of cellular src gene product associated tyrosyl kinase activity following polyoma virus infection and ...
Middle tumor antigen
Courtneidge, Sara A.; Smith, Alan E. (2 June 1983). "Polyoma virus transforming protein associates with the product of the c- ... The genes for the small tumor antigen (STag), middle tumor antigen (MTag), and large tumor antigen (LTag) are encoded in the " ... the small tumor antigen and large tumor antigen. MTag occurs only in a few known polyomaviruses, while STag and LTag are ... The middle tumor antigen (also called the middle T-antigen and abbreviated MTag or MT) is a protein encoded in the genomes of ...
Small tumor antigen
... but its presence may increase the transforming efficiency of LTag. In other polyomaviruses, such as Merkel cell polyomavirus, ... and sometimes other tumor antigens as well, such as the murine polyomavirus middle tumor antigen). Polyomavirus STag proteins ... The genes for both the small and the large tumor antigen are encoded in the "early region" of the polyomavirus genome, so named ... In oncogenic polyomaviruses, the tumor antigens are responsible for the transformation activity, although the exact molecular ...
Large tumor antigen
... which is primarily responsible for the virus's transforming activity. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), also known as Human ... Some polyomavirus LTag proteins - most notably the well-studied SV40 large tumor antigen from the SV40 virus - are oncoproteins ... In oncogenic polyomaviruses, the tumor antigens are responsible for the transformation activity, although the exact molecular ... Lane, D. P.; Crawford, L. V. (1979-03-15). "T antigen is bound to a host protein in SY40-transformed cells". Nature. 278 (5701 ...
SV40 large T antigen
SV40 large TAg, other polyomavirus large T antigens, adenovirus E1a proteins, and oncogenic human papillomavirus E7 proteins ... The transforming activity of TAg is due in large part to its perturbation of the retinoblastoma (pRb) and p53 tumor suppressor ... SV40 DNA replication is initiated by binding of large T-antigen to the origin region of the genome. The function of T-antigen ... T-antigen also binds and inactivates tumor suppressor proteins (p53, p105-Rb). This causes the cells to leave G1 phase and ...
Tyrosine kinase
When these cells are transformed by the polyoma virus, higher tyrosine activity is observed in the cellular matrix, which is ... For example, the T-cell antigen receptor leads to intracellular signalling by activation of Lck and Fyn, two proteins that are ... that have been transformed by the polyomavirus possess higher tyrosine activity in the cellular matrix. Furthermore, tyrosine ... The polyoma virus affects tyrosine kinase activity inside the nuclear matrix. Fibroblasts are cells involved in wound healing ...
LT
... the cause of infectious laryngotracheitis in poultry SV40 large T antigen, a proto-oncogene derived from polyomavirus SV40 Heat ... Laplace transform Less than Logic Theorist, a computer program written in 1955-56 to prove mathematical theorems; called "the ...
Eugene O. Major
"Similar cell surface antigens on hamster cells transformed by different papovaviruses". Journal of Immunology. 118 (6): 2295- ... The papovaviruses have since been split into two categories: papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses.) In his first faculty ... Wright, P. J.; Bernhardt, G.; Major, E. O.; Di Mayorca, G. (1976). "Comparison of the serology, transforming ability, and ... "Comparison of wild-type BK virus DNA and BK virion DNA rescued from virus-transformed BHK cells". Virology. 103 (1): 1-10. doi: ...
Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes
The transformed cells often express permanently some viral genes. This leads to the presentation of viral antigenic peptides ... Kaposi sarcoma virus and Merkel cell polyoma virus cause skin cancers. Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) causes T cell ... In some patients, the majority of the tumor-specific T cells recognize mutated antigens. The contribution of these antigens to ... The carcinoma cells still harbour the viral genes and antigens. As expected T cell responses against antigens encoded by genes ...
Oncovirus
... acutely transforming or slowly transforming. In acutely transforming viruses, the viral particles carry a gene that encodes for ... Epstein-Barr virus (EBV or HHV-4) is associated with four types of cancers Merkel cell polyomavirus - a polyoma virus - is ... In SV40, the large T antigen (LT) is an analogue; LT also binds to several other cellular proteins, such as p107 and p130, on ... slowly transforming viruses have very long tumor latency compared to acutely transforming viruses, which already carry the ...
Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis
... in which MMTV-LTR is used to drive the expression of mammary gland specific polyomavirus middle T-antigen, leading to a rapid ... Siegel, P. M.; Shu, W; Cardiff, R. D.; Muller, W. J.; Massagué, J (2003). "Transforming growth factor beta signaling impairs ... Guy, C. T.; Cardiff, R. D.; Muller, W. J. (1992). "Induction of mammary tumors by expression of polyomavirus middle T oncogene ... The role of autocrine transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1) signaling on motility and survival in PymT cells derived from ...
Janet S. Butel
"Simian virus 40 large T antigen and p53 are microtubule-associated proteins in transformed cells". Cell Growth & ... Butel has studied polyomavirus SV40 infection in humans and animals for most of her career. She has published studies on the ... Her area of expertise is on polyomavirus pathogenesis of infections and disease. She has more than 120 publications on PubMed. ... "Viral microRNA effects on pathogenesis of polyomavirus SV40 infections in syrian golden hamsters". PLOS Pathogens. 10 (2): ...
Virus
"T antigen mutations are a human tumor-specific signature for Merkel cell polyomavirus". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... an obsolete term originally used for acutely transforming retroviruses). The development of cancer is determined by a variety ... Merkel cell polyomavirus closely related to SV40 and mouse polyomaviruses that have been used as animal models for cancer ... The most recently discovered human cancer virus is a polyomavirus (Merkel cell polyomavirus) that causes most cases of a rare ...
Oncovirus
... acutely transforming or slowly transforming. In acutely transforming viruses, the viral particles carry a gene that encodes for ... Merkel cell polyomavirus - a polyoma virus - is associated with the development of Merkel cell carcinoma[27] ... 1987: Hepatitis C virus, or HCV, discovered by panning a cDNA library made from diseased tissues for foreign antigens ... slowly transforming viruses have very long tumor latency compared to acutely transforming viruses, which already carry the ...
Tyrosine phosphorylation
In the summer of 1979, studies of polyomavirus middle T and v-Src associated kinase activities led to the discovery of tyrosine ... Protein phosphorylation Eckhart W, Hutchinson MA, Hunter T (1979). "An activity phosphorylating tyrosine in polyoma T antigen ... 2012). "N-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-2 negates anti-proliferative effect of transforming growth factor beta ... that negatively regulates the anti-proliferative function of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in endothelial cells. ...
Viral pathogenesis
Molecular mimicry refers to an overlap in structural similarity between a viral antigen and a self-antigen. The bystander ... An example would be the JC polyomavirus, in which its tropism is limited to glial cells since its enhancer is only active in ... Persistent viruses can sometimes transform host cells into cancer cells. Viruses such as the human papillomavirus (HPV), human ... Nevertheless, induction of apoptosis in major immune cells or antigen-presenting cells may also act as a mechanism of ...
MMP7
... is a novel broadly expressed tumor antigen recognized by antigen-specific T cells". Clin. Cancer Res. 14 (17): 5503-11. doi: ... The promoter of the human MMP7 contains a TATA box, an activator protein 1 (AP-1) site, and two inverted polyomavirus enhancer ... However, the opposite effects of TGF-β on MMP7 were observed among transformed cells. In human glioma cell lines and human ...
Tumor microenvironment
"Differential tumorigenicity of 3T3 cells transformed in vitro with polyoma virus and in vivo selection for high tumorigenicity ... One such antigen was MAGE-A1. The coexistence of a progressing melanoma with melanoma-specific T cells implicitly does not ... CAFs can also secrete transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which is associated with EMT, a process by which cancer cells ... As many fibroblasts are transformed into CAFs during carcinogenesis, this reduces the amount of ECM produced and the ECM that ...
Epstein-Barr virus
Human polyomavirus 2 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. RNA virus. MeV Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. LCV ... Protein/gene/antigen Stage Description EBNA-1 latent+lytic EBNA-1 protein binds to a replication origin (oriP) within the viral ... The set of proteins and RNAs produced in Latency III transforms the B cell into a proliferating blast (also known as B cell ... Latent antigens[edit]. All EBV nuclear proteins are produced by alternative splicing of a transcript starting at either the Cp ...
Human papillomavirus infection
E7 (in oncogenic HPVs) acts as the primary transforming protein. E7 competes for retinoblastoma protein (pRb) binding, freeing ... Overall, these DNA-based studies, combined with measurements of type-specific antibodies against HPV capsid antigens, have ... Because the process of transforming normal cervical cells into cancerous ones is slow, cancer occurs in people having been ...
Virus
T antigen mutations are a human tumor-specific signature for Merkel cell polyomavirus. Proceedings of the National Academy of ... an obsolete term originally used for acutely transforming retroviruses). The development of cancer is determined by a variety ... The most recently discovered human cancer virus is a polyomavirus (Merkel cell polyomavirus) that causes most cases of a rare ... Merkel cell polyomavirus closely related to SV40 and mouse polyomaviruses that have been used as animal models for cancer ...
Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming | Profiles RNS
Polyomavirus Transforming" by people in this website by year, and whether "Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming" was a major or ... Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming*Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming. *Polyomavirus Tumor Antigens. *Antigens, Polyomavirus ... "Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming" by people in Profiles. ...
Polyomavirus in human cancer development. - PubMed - NCBI
Polyomavirus Infections/complications*. Substance. *Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming. LinkOut - more resources. Full Text ... Polyomavirus in human cancer development.. Lee W1, Langhoff E.. Author information. 1. Mount Sinai Medical School, New York, ... In animal studies, polyoma viruses have been found to be viral agents for oncogenesis and to produce a wide range of ... The human polyoma viruses (JCV and BKV), along with their simian cousin (SV40), are ubiquitous viruses that are primarily ...
The yeast two-hybrid system reveals no interaction between p73 alpha and SV40 large T-antigen
The oncoprotein of Simian virus 40, SV40 large T-antigen (Tag), is known to bind and inactivate tumour suppressor proteins, ... Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming / genetics * Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming / metabolism* * Cloning, Molecular * DNA- ... The yeast two-hybrid system reveals no interaction between p73 alpha and SV40 large T-antigen Arch Virol. 1999;144(3):621-6. ... suggest that the SV40 large T-antigen is not able to bind p73 in yeast although both proteins are expressed in the transformed ...
The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases
Studies of partially transforming polyomavirus mutants establish a role for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in activation of pp70...
... as a target for signal transduction events leading from polyomavirus middle tumor antigen (mT). Two partially transforming ... In the polyomavirus systems, the latter requires integration of signals from mT involving both Shc and PI3K. ... Infection of mouse fibroblasts by wild-type polyomavirus results in increased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (D.A. ... Association of Polyomavirus middle tumor antigen with phospholipase C-gamma 1.. *Wei Su, Wanli Liu, Brian S. Schaffhausen, ...
Cellular transformation by Simian Virus 40 and Murine Polyoma Virus T antigens. - PubMed - NCBI
Cellular transformation by Simian Virus 40 and Murine Polyoma Virus T antigens.. Cheng J1, DeCaprio JA, Fluck MM, Schaffhausen ... While PY also encodes LT and ST, the unique middle T (MT) generates most of the transforming activity. SV40 LT mediated ... Cellular Transformation by Simian Virus 40 and Murine Polyoma Virus T antigens ... Cellular Transformation by Simian Virus 40 and Murine Polyoma Virus T antigens ...
Using Merkel cell polyomavirus specific TCR gene therapy for treatment of Merkel cellcarcinoma<...
Polyomavirus Transforming Antigens Medicine & Life Sciences View full fingerprint Cite this. * APA ... Strikingly, T-cell responses against the two oncogenic MCPyV proteins Large T antigen and small T antigen were exclusively ... Strikingly, T-cell responses against the two oncogenic MCPyV proteins Large T antigen and small T antigen were exclusively ... Strikingly, T-cell responses against the two oncogenic MCPyV proteins Large T antigen and small T antigen were exclusively ...
pRB-Dependent, J Domain-Independent Function of Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen in Override of p53 Growth Suppression | Journal...
Polyomavirus middle T antigen fails to override a p53 growth arrest (18) and also fails to transform REF52 cells unless p53 is ... 1979) T antigen is bound to a host protein in SV40-transformed cells. Nature 278:261-263. ... 1994) The transforming activity of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1198:65-83. ... 1989) Association of a cellular heat shock protein with simian virus 40 large T antigen in transformed cells. J. Virol. 63:3961 ...
Interaction between activin-A and follistatin-288 on Ac | Open-i
Characterization of T Antigens, Including Middle T and Alternative T, Expressed by the Human Polyomavirus Associated with...
... is distinguished among polyomaviruses for combining productive infection with cell-transforming properties. In the research ... Characterization of T Antigens, Including Middle T and Alternative T, Expressed by the Human Polyomavirus Associated with ... The polyomavirus tumor (T) antigens play crucial roles in viral replication, transcription, and cellular transformation. They ... and alternative T antigen (ALTO) in TSPyV. So far, none of the human polyomaviruses was shown to express MT, which is ...
Lack of transforming growth factor-β signaling promotes collective cancer cell invasion through tumor-stromal crosstalk |...
Fluorescently labeled murine mammary carcinoma cells, isolated from either MMTV-PyVmT transforming growth factor-beta receptor ... Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) has a dual role during tumor progression, initially as a suppressor and then as a ... of TGF-β signaling in mammary carcinoma cells expressing either the c-Neu transgene or the polyoma virus middle T antigen ( ... Transforming growth factor-beta receptor II control (TβRIIfl/fl) cells were used as a control for active transforming growth ...
Table of Contents | Journal of Virology
Association of p60fyn with middle tumor antigen in murine polyomavirus-transformed rat cells. I D Horak, T Kawakami, F Gregory ... Mutational analysis of polyomavirus small-T-antigen functions in productive infection and in transformation. I Martens, S A ... Structure, origin, and transforming activity of feline leukemia virus-myc recombinant provirus FTT. D L Doggett, A L Drake, V ... Avian erythroblastosis virus transforms a novel mast cell-basophil precursor target in the Japanese quail. M G Moscovici, M L ...
polyomavirus
How might MCV cause Merkel cell carcinoma? Expression of the viral protein known as T antigen might be sufficient to transform ... Merkel cell polyomavirus, a new oncogenic human virus?. None of the four human polymaviruses that were known in early 2008 - JC ... TWiV 214: This is your brain on polyomavirus. On episode #214 of the science show This Week in Virology, Vincent, Alan, and ... Frequent Human Infection with WU and KI Polyomaviruses. Rabies in China. Increased Host Species Diversity and Decreased ...
Constitutive activation of Stat3 in fibroblasts transformed by diverse oncoproteins and in breast carcinoma cells -- Garcia et...
In addition, Stat3 activation is induced by another nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, v-Fps; by polyoma virus middle T antigen, ... In contrast SV40 large T antigen, which transforms cells through different mechanisms, and the v-Ras and v-Raf oncoproteins, ... Lessons in Signaling and Tumorigenesis from Polyomavirus Middle T Antigen. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., September 1, 2009; 73(3 ... In this study, we investigated STAT activation in a panel of rodent fibroblast cell lines stably transformed by diverse viral ...
Blood glucose levels reflect the tumor burden and the e | Open-i
Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming. *Autoimmune Diseases/immunology. *Blood Glucose/metabolism. *Crosses, Genetic. *Female ... Self antigens expressed by solid tumors Do not efficiently stimulate naive or activated T cells: implications for immunotherapy ... Self antigens expressed by solid tumors Do not efficiently stimulate naive or activated T cells: implications for immunotherapy ... The simian virus 40 T antigen (Tag) expressed under the control of the rat insulin promoter (RIP) induced pancreatic beta-cell ...
Induction of apoptosis by adenovirus E4orf4 protein is specific to transformed cells and requires an interaction with protein...
... such as the simian virus 40 small t antigen and the polyomavirus small and middle T antigens (13). Adenovirus E4orf4, however, ... Because E4orf4 induces apoptosis in transformed cells and reduces colony formation by transformed cells (5), we asked whether ... Because transformed cells are susceptible to E4orf4-induced apoptosis, cellular transformation may be prevented in the presence ... Recently, we and others have shown that E4orf4 protein induces p53-independent apoptosis in several transformed cell lines (5-7 ...
Genomic Structure and Promoter Analysis of the Mouse EphA8 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Gene
Middle T antigen (PymT) is the principal transforming component of polyomavirus, and rapidly induces hemangiomas in neonatal ... The exact biological mechanism by which the kinases transforms cells is still not well delineated. Previous data has suggested ... ShcA and Grb2 mediate polyoma middle T antigen-induced endothelial transformation and Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Siew Hwa ...
THE STATE OF IMMORTALIZED, TRANSFORMING AND SUPPRESSOR GENES IN RAT-CELLS, TRANSFECTED BY POLYOMAVIRUS LARGE-T AND HPV18 E6+E7...
... derived from the rat embryo fibroblasts immortalized by the polyoma virus T-antigen (LT) gene and transformed by HPV18 E6 and ... The quantity of p53 protein in cell clones did not correlate with the level of polyoma virus large T-antigen expression. ... THE STATE OF IMMORTALIZED, TRANSFORMING AND SUPPRESSOR GENES IN RAT-CELLS, TRANSFECTED BY POLYOMAVIRUS LARGE-T AND HPV18 E6+E7 ... KOMISSAROVA E, SOYFER M, PAVLOVA L and KISSELJOV F: THE STATE OF IMMORTALIZED, TRANSFORMING AND SUPPRESSOR GENES IN RAT-CELLS, ...
SV40 large T antigen - Wikipedia
SV40 large TAg, other polyomavirus large T antigens, adenovirus E1a proteins, and oncogenic human papillomavirus E7 proteins ... The transforming activity of TAg is due in large part to its perturbation of the retinoblastoma (pRb) and p53 tumor suppressor ... SV40 DNA replication is initiated by binding of large T-antigen to the origin region of the genome. The function of T-antigen ... T-antigen also binds and inactivates tumor suppressor proteins (p53, p105-Rb). This causes the cells to leave G1 phase and ...
cancer
These so-called viral oncoproteins include large T antigen (of SV40, a polyomavirus); E6 and E7 (papillomavirus), and E1A ( ... Another commonly used transformed cell line is 293 (human embryonic kidney cells transformed by adenovirus E1A). Its been ... Cells transformed with T, E6/E7, or E1A proteins are commonly used in laboratories because they are immortal. An example is the ... These new transformed cells failed to respond to cytoplasmic DNA.. Cytoplasmic DNA is detected in cells by an enzyme called ...
Frontiers in Bioscience 4, d153-164, February 15, 1999]
Zouzias, D., I. Prasad, and C. Basilico: State of the viral DNA in rat cells transformed by polyoma virus. II. Identification ... If early gene expression can occur, polyomavirus tumor antigens will be produced and expression of those proteins past a cell- ... 3. Polyomavirus Biology in Natural Hosts 4. Polyomavirus-Induced Tumors in Foreign Hosts 5. Polyomavirus DNA in Tumor Tissue ... 6. Association and Significance of Polyomavirus DNA with Human Tumors 7. Perspective 8. References 1. ABSTRACT Polyomaviruses ...
Middle tumor antigen - Wikipedia
Courtneidge, Sara A.; Smith, Alan E. (2 June 1983). "Polyoma virus transforming protein associates with the product of the c- ... The genes for the small tumor antigen (STag), middle tumor antigen (MTag), and large tumor antigen (LTag) are encoded in the " ... the small tumor antigen and large tumor antigen. MTag occurs only in a few known polyomaviruses, while STag and LTag are ... The middle tumor antigen (also called the middle T-antigen and abbreviated MTag or MT) is a protein encoded in the genomes of ...
Immortalized liver endothelial cells: A cell culture model for studies of motility and angiogenesis<...
HSECs were isolated from mouse liver using CD31-based immunomagnetic separation, immortalized with SV40 large T-antigen, and ... transformed sinusoidal endothelial cells (TSECs), maintains an endothelial phenotype as well as some HSEC-specific features. ... HSECs were isolated from mouse liver using CD31-based immunomagnetic separation, immortalized with SV40 large T-antigen, and ... HSECs were isolated from mouse liver using CD31-based immunomagnetic separation, immortalized with SV40 large T-antigen, and ...
WikiGenes - PHOSPHOTYROSINE - (2S)-2-amino-3-(4-phosphonooxyphenyl)propa...
Detection of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins in polyomavirus middle tumor antigen-transformed cells after treatment with a ... Cells transformed with the middle tumor antigen (mT) of polyomavirus were treated with sodium orthovanadate (Na3VO4), an ... identified p130 as Jak2 in the tax transformed mouse fibroblastic cell line and Jak3 in HTLV-1 transformed human T cell lines [ ... The B lymphocyte adhesion molecule CD22 interacts with leukocyte common antigen CD45RO on T cells and alpha 2-6 ...
Transforming gene product of Rous sarcoma virus phosphorylates tyrosine | PNAS
It has been shown recently that a tyrosine in both the 60,000-dalton tumor antigen of polyoma virus (20) and p120 of Abelson ... were present in RSV-transformed cells, a comparison of the amounts of Tyr(P) in uninfected and RSV-transformed chicken cells ... Transforming gene product of Rous sarcoma virus phosphorylates tyrosine Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from ... Tyr(P) in Normal and Transformed Cells.. Because Tyr(P) had not been detected in normal cells (28, 29) and because we now knew ...
Human Polyomaviruses in Skin Diseases
"Immunochemical delineation of an oncofetal antigen on normal and simian virus 40-transformed human fetal melanocytes," ... M. Shuda, H. Feng, J. K. Hyun et al., "T antigen mutations are a human tumor-specific signature for Merkel cell polyomavirus," ... M. Shuda, R. Arora, J. K. Hyun et al., "Human Merkel cell polyomavirus infection I. MCV T antigen expression in Merkel cell ... A. Mogha, A. Fautrel, N. Mouchet et al., "Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen mRNA level is increased following in vivo UV ...
Phosphatases: The New Brakes for Cancer Development?
... or polyomavirus middle tumor antigen," Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 185-199, 2001. View at Google Scholar ... in two transforming DNA viruses, SV40 and polyoma virus, causes cell transformation by binding to regulatory subunits A and C ... J. Yu, A. Boyapati, and K. Rundell, "Critical role for SV40 small-t antigen in human cell transformation," Virology, vol. 290, ... This interaction is essential for ST to transform cells [84, 85]. Another study confirmed PP2A to be the target of the ...
Constitutive achaete-scute homologue-1 promotes airway dysplasia and lung neuroendocrine tumors in transgenic mice<...
Polyomavirus Transforming Antigens Medicine & Life Sciences * Genetically Modified Animals Medicine & Life Sciences ... ASH1 potently enhanced the tumorigenic effect of SV40 large T antigen in airway epithelium. These doubly transgenic animals ... ASH1 potently enhanced the tumorigenic effect of SV40 large T antigen in airway epithelium. These doubly transgenic animals ... ASH1 potently enhanced the tumorigenic effect of SV40 large T antigen in airway epithelium. These doubly transgenic animals ...
Human JC Polyomavirus - microbewiki
The T antigens are the viral proteins responsible for the transformation. Infected cells carry the virus containing transformed ... The T antigens are the viral proteins responsible for the transformation. Infected cells carry the virus containing transformed ... These proteins are large T antigens and small t antigens. They are considered the viral regulatory proteins and share common N- ... JC polyomavirus Description and significance. The JC virus was first isolated from a brain in a patient with Hodgkins disease ...
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibits the Development of Dendritic Cells and Dramatically Affects the Differentiation of...
2 16 The polyoma virus middle-sized tumor antigen transformed mouse brain capillary endothelial cell line (bEND.3) was obtained ... Decreased antigen presentation by dendritic cells in patients with breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1997;3:483. ... Dendritic cell progenitor is transformed by a conditional v-rel estrogen receptor fusion protein v-RelER. Cell 1995;80:341. ... I. Defective antigen presentation in tumor-bearing hosts. Cell Immunol 1996;170:101. ...
SV40ProteinsPolyomaFibroblastsCellsTransgenicCarcinomaProteinGenomeGenesMCPyVTumorsMeSHDiscovered Merkel cell polyomaMouse polyomavirusTransformationInfectionAdenovirusCellularVirusesGeneRodentEncodesOncoproteinMiddleLargePapillomavirusHumanSmallHamster polyomavirusFibroblast cell linesTrichodysplasiaGenomesMutationImmunohistochemistry
SV4053
- The oncoprotein of Simian virus 40, SV40 large T-antigen (Tag), is known to bind and inactivate tumour suppressor proteins, such as members of the retinoblastoma family and p53, thereby promoting cell transformation. (nih.gov)
- In this study, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to investigate whether the Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T-antigen is able to interact with p73, a noval discovered putative tumour suppressor, that is homologous both structurally and functionally to p53. (nih.gov)
- Our results suggest that the SV40 large T-antigen is not able to bind p73 in yeast although both proteins are expressed in the transformed yeast strain as was shown by western blot analysis. (nih.gov)
- Cotransfection experiments indicate that CIP1 and SV40 T antigen function in a mutually antagonistic manner to control cell cycle progression. (nih.gov)
- The SV40 early region encodes three tumor antigens, large T (LT), small T (ST) and 17KT that contribute to cellular transformation. (nih.gov)
- Large (LT), 17KT and Small (ST) of SV40 and PY as well as Middle (MT) T antigens from PY share coding regions. (nih.gov)
- The N terminal 82 (SV40) and 79 (PY) residues for all T antigens are identical (magenta). (nih.gov)
- Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (LT) can immortalize and transform many cell types. (asm.org)
- Simian virus 40 (SV40) encodes two major early proteins, small tumor antigen (st) and large tumor antigen (LT), that are key players in viral replication as well as regulation of cell growth. (asm.org)
- In contrast SV40 large T antigen, which transforms cells through different mechanisms, and the v-Ras and v-Raf oncoproteins, which lie in signaling pathways downstream of tyrosine kinases, do not activate Stat3. (aacrjournals.org)
- The six best-characterized members of the group are BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV), simian virus 40 (SV40), murine polyomavirus (PyV), hamster papovavirus (HaPV), and lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV). (bioscience.org)
- Until 2006, BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV), and simian virus 40 (SV40) were the only polyomaviruses known to circulate in the human population. (hindawi.com)
- Using the same methods, lymphotropic polyomavirus, originally isolated in monkeys, was recently shown to be present in healthy individuals although with much lower incidence than BKV, JCV, and SV40. (hindawi.com)
- SV40 large T antigen (Simian Vacuolating Virus 40 TAg) is a hexamer protein that is a dominant-acting oncoprotein derived from the polyomavirus SV40. (wikipedia.org)
- SV40 DNA replication is initiated by binding of large T-antigen to the origin region of the genome. (wikipedia.org)
- The function of T-antigen is controlled by phosphorylation, which attenuates the binding to the SV40 origin. (wikipedia.org)
- The SV40 large T-antigen has been used as a model protein to study nuclear localization signals (NLSs). (wikipedia.org)
- SV40 large TAg, other polyomavirus large T antigens, adenovirus E1a proteins, and oncogenic human papillomavirus E7 proteins share a structural motif that encodes a high-affinity pRb-binding domain. (wikipedia.org)
- The pRb-binding motif and negatively charged region match to a segment of SV40 TAg beginning at residue 102 and ending at residue 115 as shown below: - Asn - Leu - Phe - Cys - Ser - Glu - Glu - Met - Pro - Ser - Ser - Asp - Asp - Glu - Functional studies of TAg proteins bearing mutations within this segment (amino acid positions 106 to 114, inclusive) demonstrate that certain deleterious mutations abolish malignant transforming activity. (wikipedia.org)
- HSECs were isolated from mouse liver using CD31-based immunomagnetic separation, immortalized with SV40 large T-antigen, and subcloned on the basis of their ability to endocytose the acetylated low-density lipoprotein (AcLDL). (elsevier.com)
- ASH1 potently enhanced the tumorigenic effect of SV40 large T antigen in airway epithelium. (elsevier.com)
- In the C3(1)/SV40 T-antigen FVB/N (TAg) mouse model of "triple-negative" breast cancer, the heightened stress response elicited by social isolation has been associated with increased expression of metabolic genes in the mammary gland before invasive tumors develop (i.e., during the in situ carcinoma stage). (northwestern.edu)
- CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). (harvard.edu)
- A number of pancreatic β-tumor cell (βTC) lines have been derived from insulinomas arising in transgenic mice expressing the SV40 T antigen gene under control of the insulin promoter. (elsevier.com)
- In most human primary bone cells, SV40 T-antigen expression was able to expand life span for a few passages before cells undergo growth arrest, described as crisis. (elsevier.com)
- In this study, telomerase activity was reconstituted in human osteoblast precursors (hPOB cells) and marrow stromal cells (Saka cells) transformed with the SV40 T antigen. (elsevier.com)
- These results demonstrate that reconstitution of telomerase activity in transformed SV40 T-antigen human osteoblast precursors or marrow stromal cells leads to the generation of immortalized cells with a preserved phenotype. (elsevier.com)
- Recently, we have reported that cells from the brain-derived cell line RN33B (derived from the embryonic rat medullary raphe and immortalized through retroviral transduction of the temperature-sensitive mutant of the simian virus 40 ([SV40] large T-antigen) survive for at least 4 weeks, integrate, and differentiate after subretinal grafting to normal adult rats. (lu.se)
- A significant number of the implanted cells in the host retina were in a proliferative stage, judging from proliferative cell nuclear antigen and SV40 large T-antigen immunohistochemistry. (lu.se)
- To this end, combinations of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), murine Bmi-1, and SV40 large T antigen (SV40T) were introduced by lentiviral transduction into ASCs. (elsevier.com)
- Interestingly, PP2A is a target for proteins expressed by DNA tumor viruses, including simian virus 40 (SV40) small t antigen (small t). (embopress.org)
- An immortalized mouse dental papilla cell line was created via the intracellular insertion of SV40 T antigens into the nucleus by lentivirus particles. (oatext.com)
- Here, we 'switch' this pathway to a more conventional one by adding a modified poly-lysine to which an optimized nuclear targeting signal, based on that of the SV40 large T-antigen, is linked. (edu.kz)
- Methods & Results: We devised a technique based upon repeated co-transfections of two retroviral vectors, one carrying the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, hTERT, the other SV40 large T antigen. (elsevier.com)
- Studies have shown that the combined expression of SV40 large T antigen (T-Ag), hTERT, and H-Ras is able to transform human cells. (elsevier.com)
- We transduced cells with amphotropic retroviral constructs containing SV40 T antigen, hTERT, and activated H-ras. (elsevier.com)
- Both OCT-1 and MLO-Y4 cells were derived from transgenic mice transformed with the SV40 large T-antigen driven by the osteocalcin promoter. (elsevier.com)
- Syngeneic adult MSCs were isolated, immortalised by simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen and characterized by flow cytometry. (bvsalud.org)
- Antibodies to the agnoprotein antigen raised in rabbits and a monoclonal antibody against SV40 T antigen raised in mice that cross-reacts with JCV T antigen were used. (bvsalud.org)
- ii) These results were confirmed using a chimera reporter system by placing mutant or wild type HBc trafficking signals in the heterologous context of SV40 large T antigen (LT). iii) By a heterokaryon or homokaryon analysis, the fusion protein of SV40 LT-HBc ARD appeared to transport from nuclei of transfected donor cells to nuclei of recipient cells, suggesting the existence of an NES in HBc ARD. (elsevier.com)
- While treatment of cultured cells with digitonin permeabilizes the plasma membranes to macromolecules, the nuclear envelopes remain structurally intact and nuclei retain the ability to transport and accumulate proteins containing the SV40 large T antigen nuclear location sequence. (northwestern.edu)
- The SV40 large T-antigen has been widely used to convert various cell types to a transformed phenotype, and also to induce progressive tumours in transgenic animals. (elsevier.com)
- In one of these in vivo approaches, a construct consisting of the coding sequence of a temperature sensitive (ts) SV40 large T-antigen was inserted in a mouse genome. (elsevier.com)
- Mouse embryonic fibroblasts prepared from animals deficient in negative circadian clock regulators, Period2 (Per2) or Cryptochrome1/2 (Cry1/2), were prone to transformation induced by co-expression of H-ras V12 and SV40 large T antigen (SV40LT). (elsevier.com)
- To determine the mechanistic nature of how normal cells acquire a TRAIL-sensitive phenotype during the process of malignant transformation, an experimental cell system was developed by sequential introduction of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and SV40 T antigens (large and small) into normal human prostatic epithelial cells (PrEC). (elsevier.com)
- This model system demonstrated that inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), either by SV40 small T antigen, okadaic acid, Calyculin A, or PP2A catalytic subunit siRNA, sensitized normal human PrEC and immortalized cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (elsevier.com)
- Here, we report the extensive histological and molecular characterization of the mogp-TAg transgenic mouse, which expresses the SV40 large T-antigen (TAg) under the control of the mouse müllerian-specific Ovgp-1 promoter. (elsevier.com)
- However, consideration of additional factors, including pedigree relationships and cell biology in vitro, indicate that SV40 T-antigen expression is an ambiguous marker of this type of cancer risk, even when large groups are studied. (elsevier.com)
- To transfect human corneal endothelial cells with a plasmid vector coding for the SV40 large T antigen to extend the life of the cells in culture. (elsevier.com)
- Human corneal endothelial cells were transfected with the SV40 large T antigen-coding plasmid pSV 3 neo using the electroporation method. (elsevier.com)
- McCash, C. S. / Extended life of human corneal endothelial cells transfected with the SV40 large T antigen . (elsevier.com)
- The HT4 cell line was derived from infection of a mouse neuroblastoma cell line with a retrovirus that encoded the temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of SV40 large T antigen. (elsevier.com)
- We generated transgenic mice that allow B cell-specific induction of the oncogene SV40 large T-antigen (TAg) to analyze the role of oncogene-specific T cells during sporadic B cell lymphoma development. (mdc-berlin.de)
Proteins13
- Strikingly, T-cell responses against the two oncogenic MCPyV proteins Large T antigen and small T antigen were exclusively present in blood of MCC patients when compared to healthy donors. (dtu.dk)
- The genomes of adenoviruses, polyomaviruses, and papillomaviruses encode proteins that cause cells to divide. (virology.ws)
- Cells transformed with T, E6/E7, or E1A proteins are commonly used in laboratories because they are immortal. (virology.ws)
- Early in infection, the early proteins large tumour antigen (LT-ag) and small tumour antigen (st-ag) are expressed [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The early regions of some polyomaviruses possess additional putative open reading frames and encode other early proteins due to translation of alternatively spliced transcripts [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The B subunit also is replaceable by viral proteins, such as the simian virus 40 small t antigen and the polyomavirus small and middle T antigens ( 13 ). (pnas.org)
- The early transcription unit extends from the origin to half way around the circular genome and encodes alternatively spliced transforming proteins. (kenyon.edu)
- 7) These proteins are large T antigens and small t antigens. (kenyon.edu)
- The transforming activity of TAg is due in large part to its perturbation of the retinoblastoma (pRb) and p53 tumor suppressor proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- T-antigen also binds and inactivates tumor suppressor proteins (p53, p105-Rb). (wikipedia.org)
- MTag is expressed early in the infectious cycle along with two other related proteins, the small tumor antigen and large tumor antigen. (wikipedia.org)
- One major area of study has been on cells transformed by viruses that show altered growth properties and specify new viral and cellular proteins. (adlibris.com)
- We have now begun to focus upon JCV's fifth tumor protein, small t antigen (tAg), and recent data indicate tAg contributes to viral DNA replication and binds critical cellular proteins, including PP2A, p107 and p130. (psu.edu)
Polyoma9
- Cellular transformation by Simian Virus 40 and Murine Polyoma Virus T antigens. (nih.gov)
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding to polyoma virus middle tumor antigen mediates elevation of glucose transport by increasing translocation of the GLUT1 transporter. (semanticscholar.org)
- Several novel cell clones (A1-A6) derived from the rat embryo fibroblasts immortalized by the polyoma virus T-antigen (LT) gene and transformed by HPV18 E6 and E7 genes were explored. (spandidos-publications.com)
- The quantity of p53 protein in cell clones did not correlate with the level of polyoma virus large T-antigen expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Polyoma middle T antigen requires cooperation from another gene to express the malignant phenotype in vivo. (usherbrooke.ca)
- Immunoprecipitates prepared from polyoma virus-infected cells and antipolyoma tumor antiserum contain a novel activity that is capable of phosphorylating a tyrosine in the 60,000-dalton large tumor antigen of polyoma virus present in the precipitate ( 20 ). (pnas.org)
- Transgenic expression of the polyoma virus middle T antigen, under control of the mouse mammary tumor virus enhancer/promoter, was used to produce mammary tumors in the absence or presence of Cre (TβRII (fl/fl);PY and TβRII (fl/fl);PY;WC , respectively). (aacrjournals.org)
- Large T antigens (LTA) encoded by polyoma viruses are oncoproteins, which are thought to require support of cellular heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) to exert their transforming activity. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Here, we describe the generation of a progressive and metastatic pancreatic cancer mouse model after the somatic and sporadic delivery of avian retroviruses encoding the mouse polyoma virus middle T antigen to elastase-tv-a transgenic mice with a pancreas-specific deletion of the Trp53 tumor suppressor locus. (umassmed.edu)
Fibroblasts5
- Infection of mouse fibroblasts by wild-type polyomavirus results in increased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (D.A. Talmage, J. Blenis, and T.L. Benjamin, Mol. (semanticscholar.org)
- Fluorescently labeled murine mammary carcinoma cells, isolated from either MMTV-PyVmT transforming growth factor-beta receptor II knockout (TβRII KO) or TβRII fl/fl control mice, were combined with mammary fibroblasts and xenografted onto the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
- Furthermore, they produced new transformed lines by introducing genes encoding E6, E7, E1A, or T into normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (virology.ws)
- Constitutive activation of Stat3 in fibroblasts transformed by diverse oncoproteins and in breast carcinoma cells -- Garcia et al. (aacrjournals.org)
- We did not detect significant activation of Stat1, Stat5, or Stat6 in fibroblasts transformed by the viral oncoproteins investigated. (aacrjournals.org)
Cells39
- The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. (uchicago.edu)
- These include the ability to immortalize primary cells, transform rodent cells in culture, and induce S phase in quiescent cells (reviewed in reference 41 ). (asm.org)
- Such incessant division gives the cells new properties - they are called transformed cells - and they may eventually become a tumor. (virology.ws)
- Another commonly used transformed cell line is 293 (human embryonic kidney cells transformed by adenovirus E1A). (virology.ws)
- It's been known for some time that when DNA is introduced into normal (that is, not transformed) cells, they respond with an innate response: interferons are produced. (virology.ws)
- These new transformed cells failed to respond to cytoplasmic DNA. (virology.ws)
- Self antigens expressed by solid tumors Do not efficiently stimulate naive or activated T cells: implications for immunotherapy. (nih.gov)
- Subsequent adoptive transfer of virus activated spleen cells into RIP(GP x Tag2) mice further prolonged survival (168 +/- 11 d), demonstrating continued expression of the LCMV-GP tumor antigen and MHC class I. The data show that the tumor did not spontaneously induce or maintain an activated CTL response, revealing a profound lack of immunogenicity in vivo. (nih.gov)
- The LT-ag of different polyomaviruses can transform cells from different species and induce tumours in animal models and is therefore implicated in the tumourigenic properties of polyomaviruses (see further). (hindawi.com)
- We previously have shown that adenovirus type 5 E4orf4 protein associates with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and induces apoptosis in transformed cells in a p53-independent manner. (pnas.org)
- As a result, the ability of transformed cells to form colonies was inhibited in the presence of E4orf4 ( 5 ). (pnas.org)
- The resulting cell line, transformed sinusoidal endothelial cells (TSECs), maintains an endothelial phenotype as well as some HSEC-specific features. (elsevier.com)
- First, chicken cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus contain as much as 8-fold more phosphotyrosine than do uninfected cells. (pnas.org)
- Third, phosphotyrosine is present in the 50,000-dalton phosphoprotein that coprecipitates with pp60 src extracted from transformed chicken cells. (pnas.org)
- Substantial support for this idea comes from the observation that temperature-sensitive mutations that render the virus unable to transform also decrease the protein kinase activity induced at the nonpermissive temperature and cause this activity to be extremely labile after lysis of infected cells ( 2 , 4 , 6 ⇓ ⇓ - 9 ). (pnas.org)
- PyV mT can readily transform cells in vitro and in vivo by stimulating key pro-tumourigenic signalling axes. (biomedcentral.com)
- D ENDRITIC CELLS (DC), as the most potent antigen-presenting cells, play a central role in antitumor immunity. (bloodjournal.org)
- pp60c-src, the cellular homolog of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein, does not completely transform cells even when present at high levels, but has been shown to be involved in polyomavirus-induced transformation when activated by polyomavirus middle T (pmt)-antigen binding. (asm.org)
- Here we show that cotransfection, but not solo transfection, of expression plasmids for c-src and either adenovirus E1A, v-myc, c-myc, or the 5' half of polyomavirus large T (pltN) antigen into NIH 3T3 cells induces anchorage-independent growth, enhanced focus formation, and, for pltN cotransfection, tumorigenicity in adult NFS mice. (asm.org)
- These results demonstrate that transformed β-cells can maintain a highly differentiated phenotype during prolonged propagation in culture, which has implications for the development of continuous β-cell lines for transplantation therapy of diabetes. (elsevier.com)
- The expression of polyomavirus large T antigen in stably transfected C2 myoblast cells inhibits terminal differentiation without inducing a transformed phenotype. (elsevier.com)
- Furthermore, we correlate the cell cycle alteration induced by polyomavirus large T antigen expression with the inability of the cells to undergo terminal differentiation. (elsevier.com)
- Furthermore, the test results to show that transformed cells had preserved multi-potency were also positive. (oatext.com)
- Tryptic phosphopeptide maps indicate that p85 from polyomavirus middle T-transformed cells is phosphorylated in vivo at three sites phosphorylated in vitro by the associated serine kinase. (asm.org)
- Although different human tumor viruses express different viral oncogenes and induce different tumors, their oncoproteins often target similar sets of cellular tumor suppressors or signal pathways to immortalize and/or transform infected cells. (ijbs.com)
- When the cells are exposed to the permissive temperature of 33°C, functional expression of the large T-antigen occurs and cells start to proliferate. (elsevier.com)
- Polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence were used to demonstrate messenger RNA and protein, respectively, for the Simian virus 40 large T antigen in the transfected cells. (elsevier.com)
- Transfected cells, but not control cells, expressed messenger RNA coding for the Simian virus 40 large T antigen. (elsevier.com)
- Similarly, immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that the Simian virus 40 large T antigen protein was present in the nucleus of the transfected cells. (elsevier.com)
- Transfected cells were shown to produce messenger RNA coding for epidermal growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, basic fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor receptor-1, interleukin-1 alpha, the interleukin-1 receptor, transforming growth factor beta-1, and the glucocorticoid receptor. (elsevier.com)
- In culture, the life of human corneal endothelial cells transfected with a plasmid vector coding for the Simian virus 40 large T antigen is extended. (elsevier.com)
- At nonpermissive temperature, HT4 cells differentiated with neuronal morphology, expressed neuronal antigens, synthesized nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA, and secreted biologically active NGF in vitro. (elsevier.com)
- We sought to establish whether transplanted HT4 cells expressed class I major histocompatibility to complex (MHC) antigens, a partial requirement for recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and thus be susceptible to xenograft rejection. (elsevier.com)
- Differentiated HT4 cells expressed marginally detectable levels of class I MHC antigens, but demonstrated higher levels of class I MHC expression after treatment with interferon-γ. (elsevier.com)
- T-antigens that are the hallmark of transformed cells are also expressed in cells that are lytically infected and are required for viral DNA replication and also function to alter rates of transcription of the early and late viral genes. (adlibris.com)
- Cells of the lymphoid series that can react with antigen to produce specific cell products called antibodies. (slicksurface.com)
- Heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediates the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cell receptor. (slicksurface.com)
- Follicular dendritic cells (DENDRITIC CELLS, FOLLICULAR) are also considered to be antigen-presenting cells by some authors. (slicksurface.com)
- In addition, we have identified 3 truncated forms of TAg (T'135, T'136 and T'165) in transformed and lytically-infected cells that arise via differential splicing mechanisms. (psu.edu)
Transgenic2
- Tgfbr2 MGKO mice were mated to the MMTV-polyomavirus middle T antigen (PyVmT) transgenic mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
- the other two approaches used transgenic mice expressing the large T-antigen. (elsevier.com)
Carcinoma2
- Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive skin cancer associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). (dtu.dk)
- Inhibition of Growth and Metastasis of Mouse Mammary Carcinoma by Selective Inhibitor of Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Type I Receptor Kinase In vivo. (aacrjournals.org)
Protein14
- Polyomaviruses are a family of small, nonenveloped viruses with a circular double-stranded DNA genome of ~ 5,000 base pairs protected by an icosahedral protein structure. (hindawi.com)
- Recently, we and others have shown that E4orf4 protein induces p53-independent apoptosis in several transformed cell lines ( 5 - 7 ). (pnas.org)
- The virus cellular histones are transcribed by host RNA polymerase II into early mRNAs which are translated into the early antigen protein. (kenyon.edu)
- Protein-protein interactions between T-antigen and DNA polymerase-alpha directly stimulate replication of the virus genome. (wikipedia.org)
- Deleterious mutations within this segment (amino acid positions 105 to 114, inclusive) also impair binding of the mutant TAg protein species to pRb, implying a correlation between transforming activity and the ability of TAg to bind pRb. (wikipedia.org)
- Mlt mutation in the polyomavirus genome impairing a function of the middle T protein. (usherbrooke.ca)
- The protein kinase activity associated with pp60 src , the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus, was found to phosphorylate tyrosine when assayed in an immunoprecipitate. (pnas.org)
- It has been proposed that the protein kinase activity associated with pp60 src is critical in its transforming function ( 6 ). (pnas.org)
- This in turn suggests that RSV transforms by producing abnormally high levels of a protein very similar to a normal cellular protein kinase. (pnas.org)
- The middle tumor antigen (also called the middle T-antigen and abbreviated MTag or MT) is a protein encoded in the genomes of some polyomaviruses, which are small double-stranded DNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
- A somewhat more common tumor antigen variant, an overprinted gene encoding a protein called ALTO, may be evolutionarily related to MTag. (wikipedia.org)
- This suggests that the association of protein phosphatase 2A with middle T antigen may function to activate PtdIns 3-kinase. (asm.org)
- Major sequence differences occur within transcriptional signals and the coding region for the multifunctional protein, T antigen (TAg). (psu.edu)
- the construction and phenotypic analysis of hybrid polyomaviruses and the use of site-directed mutagenesis to alter cis-acting replication signals and specific functional domains of T protein. (psu.edu)
Genome7
- Initiation of replication of the human hepatitis delta virus genome from cloned DNA: role of delta antigen. (asm.org)
- Because of the relative simplicity of the genome, polyomaviruses are heavily dependent on the cell for transcription and genome replication. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, in addition to increasing transcription, another function of T-antigen is to alter the cellular environment to permit virus genome replication. (wikipedia.org)
- The genes for the small tumor antigen (STag), middle tumor antigen (MTag), and large tumor antigen (LTag) are encoded in the "early region" of the polyomavirus genome, so named because this region of the genome is expressed early in the infectious process. (wikipedia.org)
- Until recently, these were the only two polyomaviruses known to encode MTag, but in 2015 the genome sequence of a rat polyomavirus was reported to contain MTag as well. (wikipedia.org)
- In 2008, the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) was discovered and found to be integrated into the host genome in approximately 80% of MCC tumors ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Several investigators have also documented the presence of the viral genome and early and late antigens in a variety of brain tumors particularly in medulloblastomas, gliomas and ependymomas. (bvsalud.org)
Genes3
- In MTag-containing polyomaviruses, the early region contains at least three genes encoding STag, MTag, and LTag, and is transcribed as a single messenger RNA processed by alternative splicing. (wikipedia.org)
- To study the genetic variability of these viruses, an evolutionary analysis of the large T antigen, small t antigen, VP1, VP2 and VP3 genes was carried out. (ebscohost.com)
- Of the genes analyzed, only the small t antigen of. (ebscohost.com)
MCPyV11
- Lymphotropic polyomavirus (LPV) and the recent described human PyV KI, WU, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated PyV (TSPyV), HPyV6, HPyV7, and HPyV9 all lack an open reading frame (ORF) corresponding to VP4, while BKV and JCV contain a putative VP4 ORF but the expression has not yet been confirmed (Table 1 ). (hindawi.com)
- Recently, three novel human polyomaviruses were discovered: KIPyV, WUPyV and MCPyV. (ebscohost.com)
- Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is prevalent in the general population, integrates into most Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC), and encodes oncoproteins required for MCC tumor growth. (aacrjournals.org)
- The MCPyV epitopes in this report provide tools (i) to isolate both antigen- and tumor-specific T lymphocytes from blood and tumors of MCC patients, (ii) to characterize immune evasion mechanisms, (iii) to develop tumor-specific therapies such as peptide vaccines or adoptive immunotherapy, and (iv) to track T-cell responses during tumor progression or clinical trials. (aacrjournals.org)
- However, in MCC patients, MCPyV acquires oncogenic potential via rare integration and T-antigen (T-Ag) truncation mutations ( 5, 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is recognised as the causative factor in the majority of MCC cases. (hud.ac.uk)
- The MCPyV small tumour antigen (ST) is considered to be the main viral transforming factor, however potential mechanisms linking ST expression to the highly metastatic nature of MCC are yet to be fully elucidated. (hud.ac.uk)
- The majority of MCC cases are caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), through expression of the virus-encoded tumour antigens. (dundee.ac.uk)
- Whilst mechanisms attributing tumour antigen expression to transformation are being uncovered, little is known of the mechanisms by which MCPyV persists in the host. (dundee.ac.uk)
- We previously identified the MCPyV small T antigen (tAg) as a novel inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signalling and a modulator of the host anti-viral response. (dundee.ac.uk)
- Comparison of tAg binding partners from other human polyomavirus demonstrates that interactions with NEMO and PP4R1 are unique to MCPyV. (dundee.ac.uk)
Tumors4
- On episode #214 of the science show This Week in Virology , Vincent, Alan, and Kathy discuss how coagulation factor X binding to adenovirus activates the innate immune system, and a novel polyomavirus associated with brain tumors in raccoons. (virology.ws)
- The simian virus 40 T antigen (Tag) expressed under the control of the rat insulin promoter (RIP) induced pancreatic beta-cell tumors producing insulin, causing progressive hypoglycemia. (nih.gov)
- This article briefly reviews the biology of polyomaviruses and explores issues pertaining to the significance of association of polyomaviruses with human tumors. (bioscience.org)
- Results indicate that while PML tissues showed consistent immunostaining both with antibody to T antigen and agnoprotein antibody, none of the tumors showed any positive staining for JC viral antigens. (bvsalud.org)
MeSH1
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
Discovered Merkel cell polyoma1
- Current evidence suggests that the recently discovered Merkel cell polyomavirus (MPCyV) is causally associated with most MCCs. (aacrjournals.org)
Mouse polyomavirus4
- MTag occurs only in a few known polyomaviruses, while STag and LTag are universal - it was first identified in mouse polyomavirus (MPyV), the first polyomavirus discovered, and also occurs in hamster polyomavirus. (wikipedia.org)
- MTag is best studied in the mouse polyomavirus, which was the first polyomavirus discovered and which is a potent oncovirus under certain in vivo conditions. (wikipedia.org)
- Global Analysis of Mouse Polyomavirus Infection Reveals Dynamic Regulation of Viral and Host Gene Expression and Promiscuous Viral RNA Editing. (harvard.edu)
- A mouse polyomavirus-encoded microRNA targets the cellular apoptosis pathway through Smad2 inhibition. (harvard.edu)
Transformation6
- Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. (uchicago.edu)
- Transformation and tumorigenic properties of a mutant polyomavirus containing a middle T antigen defective in Shc binding. (semanticscholar.org)
- The polyomavirus tumor (T) antigens play crucial roles in viral replication, transcription, and cellular transformation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Enhancement of transformation was not observed with polyomavirus small t (pst) antigen. (asm.org)
- Transformation by Polyomavirus Middle T Antigen Involves a Unique Bimodal Interaction with the Hippo Effector YAP. (harvard.edu)
- Transformation studies have focused on the tumor (T) antigens that are specified by the virus and are required to initiate and to maintain the transformed state. (adlibris.com)
Infection4
- Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle. (uchicago.edu)
- The human trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) is distinguished among polyomaviruses for combining productive infection with cell-transforming properties. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- However, evidence of MTag encoding and expression has also recently been reported in at least one virus of unrelated lineage, the trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus, which is a normally asymptomatic infection in humans that sometimes causes the rare disease trichodysplasia spinulosa in immunocompromised individuals. (wikipedia.org)
- Prior human polyomavirus and papillomavirus infection and incident lung cancer: a nested case-control study. (harvard.edu)
Adenovirus1
- Expression of the viral E6 and E7 oncogenes in papillomavirus, E1A and E1B oncogenes in adenovirus, large T and small t antigen in polyomavirus, and Tax oncogene in HTLV-1 are regulated by alternative RNA splicing. (ijbs.com)
Cellular3
- Since its discovery in the 1950s, studies on the polyomavirus middle T antigen (PyV mT) have been essential in understanding cellular signalling and tumourigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms are growth factors that function physiologically to regulate development, cellular proliferation, and immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
- Except for T-antigen, virus replication depends on the cellular enzymatic machinery and so the description of viral macromolecular synthesis has provided valuable insights into the cellular biosynthetic pathways. (adlibris.com)
Viruses5
- The TWiV team speaks with Patrick Moore about his discovery, with Yuan Chang, of two human tumor viruses, Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus. (virology.ws)
- Polyomaviruses are small DNA viruses that typically establish persistent but inapparent infections of their natural hosts, although cytolytic disease may develop if the host becomes immunocompromised. (bioscience.org)
- Polyomaviruses are nonenveloped icosahedral DNA viruses that are relatively small, having capsids with a diameter of about 45 nm. (bioscience.org)
- Currently, there are twelve members of the genus Polyomavirus recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). (bioscience.org)
- MTag is also well known from the hamster polyomavirus, although the sequence C-terminal to the J domain has little homology between the mouse and hamster viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Gene2
- As a result of our findings, this study provides valuable new insights into polyomavirus T gene use and expression. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- In the present work, we report on the lifting of this inhibition by a mutation that prevents polyomavirus large T antigen from binding to the product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (p105 RB). (elsevier.com)
Rodent4
- Summarizing, TSPyV exhibits an expression pattern characterized by both MT and ALTO expression, combining features of rodent and human polyomaviruses. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- So far, none of the human polyomaviruses was shown to express MT, which is considered the most important viral oncoprotein of rodent polyomaviruses. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- In this study, we investigated STAT activation in a panel of rodent fibroblast cell lines stably transformed by diverse viral oncoproteins. (aacrjournals.org)
- This observation is consistent with expectations that it evolved uniquely in the rodent lineage of the polyomavirus family. (wikipedia.org)
Encodes2
- While PY also encodes LT and ST, the unique middle T (MT) generates most of the transforming activity. (nih.gov)
- Among the determined viral microRNA precursors, EBV encodes 25 from two major clusters (BART and BHRF1), KSHV encodes 12 from a latent region, human polyomavirus MCV produce only one microRNA from the late region antisense to early transcripts, but HPVs appears to produce no viral microRNAs. (ijbs.com)
Oncoprotein1
- We sought to engineer a novel mouse model of polyomavirus middle T antigen (PyV mT)-mediated mammary tumourigenesis in which inducible expression of this well-characterized viral oncoprotein is coupled to Cre recombinase (TetO-PyV mT-IRES-Cre recombinase or MIC). (biomedcentral.com)
Middle9
- Here we identify pp70 S6 kinase (pp70S6K) as a target for signal transduction events leading from polyomavirus middle tumor antigen (mT). Two partially transforming virus mutants altered in different mT signalling pathways have been studied to elucidate the pathway leading to S6 phosphorylation. (semanticscholar.org)
- Natural biology of polyomavirus middle T antigen. (semanticscholar.org)
- Evidence of a role for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation in the blocking of apoptosis by polyomavirus middle T antigen. (semanticscholar.org)
- Association of Polyomavirus middle tumor antigen with phospholipase C-gamma 1. (semanticscholar.org)
- Characterization of T Antigens, Including Middle T and Alternative T, Expressed by the Human Polyomavirus Associated with Trichodysplasia Spinulosa. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Sequencing of T antigen-encoded reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) products revealed three splice donor and acceptor sites creating six mRNA splice products that potentially encode the antigens small T (ST), middle T (MT), large T (LT), tiny T, 21kT, and alternative T (ALTO). (sigmaaldrich.com)
- In the research presented here, we further substantiate this unique position by indicating expression of both middle T antigen (MT) and alternative T antigen (ALTO) in TSPyV. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Further characterisation of the complex containing middle T antigen and pp60. (elsevier.com)
- Loss of a single Gata-3 allele markedly accelerated tumor progression in mice carrying the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter-driven polyomavirus middle T antigen (MMTV-PyMT mice), while overexpression of Gata-3 curtailed tumorigenesis. (elsevier.com)
Large2
- The objectives of this review are to compare and discuss three different approaches to generate epididymal epithelial cell lines using the large T-antigen. (elsevier.com)
- In the second in vivo approach a tissue-specific promoter, the 5kb GPX5 promoter, was used to direct expression of the large T-antigen to the epididymal duct epithelium. (elsevier.com)
Papillomavirus2
- An example is the famous HeLa cell line, transformed by human papillomavirus type 18 (which originally infected Henrietta Lacks and caused the cervical tumor that killed her). (virology.ws)
- Polyomavirus and Papillomavirus . (bioscience.org)
Human7
- Polyomavirus in human cancer development. (nih.gov)
- Here, we characterized TSPyV T antigen expression in human cell lines transfected with the TSPyV early region. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The use of advanced high-throughput sequencing and improved rolling circle amplification techniques have identified the novel human polyomaviruses KI, WU, Merkel cell polyomavirus, HPyV6, HPyV7, trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus, and HPyV9. (hindawi.com)
- The skin tropism of human polyomaviruses and their dermatopathologic potentials are the focus of this paper. (hindawi.com)
- The human polyomaviruses. (ebscohost.com)
- Malawi polyomavirus is a prevalent human virus that interacts with known tumor suppressors. (harvard.edu)
- Our laboratory's research interests center on the unique biology of the human polyomavirus, JC virus (JCV). (psu.edu)
Small2
- The LT K1 mutant can also be complemented for p53 override by small t antigen (st) in a manner independent of its J domain. (asm.org)
- Genetic variability of the small t antigen of the novel KI, WU and MC polyomaviruses. (ebscohost.com)
Hamster polyomavirus3
- Preference for members of the Src family varies, with mouse and hamster polyomavirus MTags having different distributions. (wikipedia.org)
- Generation of chimeric hamster polyomavirus VP1 virus-like particles harboring three tumor-associated antigens. (ebscohost.com)
- We have examined hamster polyomavirus VP1 virus-like particles (HaPyV VP1 VLPs) as potential carriers of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). (ebscohost.com)
Fibroblast cell lines1
- T-antigen expression in 24 of 31 skin fibroblast cell lines from members of Family G was found to be significantly elevated compared with a healthy control population. (elsevier.com)
Trichodysplasia1
- The T expression pattern of the trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) has not been established yet, hampering further study of its pathogenic mechanisms and taxonomic relationship. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Genomes1
- The circular genomes of all polyomaviruses are superficially arranged in a similar manner, and three general regions can be identified based on function. (bioscience.org)
Mutation1
- For example, mutation of the invariant Glu at position 107 to Lys-107 completely abolishes transforming activity. (wikipedia.org)
Immunohistochemistry2
- METHODS: Twenty-two consecutive cases of medulloblastomas were investigated for the presence of T antigen and agnoprotein of JCV in biopsy specimens by immunohistochemistry. (bvsalud.org)
- CONCLUSION: JCV antigens could not be detected by immunohistochemistry in the tumor tissues of Indian children with medulloblastomas. (bvsalud.org)